Professional Documents
Culture Documents
– 86
!
! "
#
$ #
% #
&
'
#
(
)
(
(
)
(
) #+ *
( ,!- * .
/ ,!- * .
0 (1
+
)
0 / #1 2
3+!
!
4
– 87
13
)
< 1
8= > * =
,!-
6! (#!
!) #<
! +
?(#!
A $ -
! B5 *5 .
* )!1 0 (
C ) ) - 4 ?
.(1D3) (1 ?8= >
(1D3)
)+
! 8=
8 .
#
) *
C
) E
! F+4 # 8 G;B * /
EC
8 , 8 * # .# *1
#- $B #4 ,< $; 1 .
G;B (1 # *; A .
(# !)
B< - ,!- H!) * #
.(A !)
– 88
$ # #4
1I< & *
23
! -
,!-N6 # ?
! #
; 8 "!-
.8 /% (I)
H!) # #' #
O
1 * =4 #
19
()-4 ? 1.6 10 B
#' )-<
– 89
(
(!
( * 5 (1
+
.# #
#
8 0 /; P P
3
?(10 C) (!! %
* ,)
.;B (10 9 C) ?(10 6 C)
(13)
K (1 #<
:
:#'
& (1 *' - &
19 1e
1e 1.6 10 C 1C= 19
6.25 1018 e
1.6 10
#!
# 4 # G &!)
# #4 /4
! #< #! #!
– 90
# $
43
- F+4
! $1 ?! ! (1 0!+1 .
.
! "
&$
% 33
8 L ; (1 *' # ?# ?
) (1
*' G;B ,!- >!) .!+
.)
! 1 .$
G;B ,
(free electrons)
G;B (1 *'
# .
!
! #4 *B6 (1
-
L (
E - -
/
.
)
(1 "1
* - ?(
!
!
$C
– 91
# ' 33
8 ?C &+ A ?
U (1 *'
L #
# 6 .)
6
8;
)
$ !- .I
+ * H
6 G;B #4 .I
.I (1
, ;< 1
) A $ #% ? #
8 * /6
1 .- G;B ,
. $
.
H
6
$C
& (1
+
&$
( ) 33
8 * /6 #!
!
)
$B
! 1 J "2" #4 # *; "B)" # 8
.
!- >!) ;
– 92
4 ?
*<
1I< ;< #
.
"J1 *' U " *- ;<
: >) 8
# 8-
+ * % 43
1 I $ EC -
#
F< B $
&
.!
( # +W
# *'
$ /4 0I
) *< *; $B #4 $;
?F+
X *' G;B /N
8
.BL )) A
+
* $ # B5 ;
* # :& K
) (1 8 #
1 (1
– 93
) (1 4 ?I
$ -
1 (1
,!- #
L
) 1 + #
. 6
&
!
!
.0
,!-
>- #
! ; *<
– 94
% # :(3D3)
– 95
./ * 43
U " +% ( 8 . #
EC EC # (1
#- #-
T I4 # #! # ! !
.(& 6D3 4 6D3) (1 ?I
(&) ( 4)
*
$ 53
q1 ,
#= # /4 #4 8- & # #
#
#
# #; 4 #1 r
1
q2
:
C /4
,)
kq1q2
(1D3) F
r2
– 96
* ;< #1 4 1 # #
8 G 4
?#!+ #< # ;< #; ?8' E # B
.(7D3) (1
4 /4 )1 #) #
C G;B #4 ,< "
?F+ . # 8 /4 4
1
#=
(point charges) 0
- ;
+q r q
r
q F q
#! #
; 8
8 # # HI 5 5C
:(#)) #=
Gm1m2
(2D3) F
r2
=4 G
; 8 * # ?
) F " ,!-
?
; # F 4 8+ #4 ( k
8 * #
– 97
* *'
;
#
= (1 ;
.
; 8 ?BL
:(23)
8
8 # # K
; 8 ,!-
8 >
E #% !- # 8; (1 # #< #
;
10
*) +
0.5×10 m (
1
#4 e
:
19 27 31
e=1.9 10 C mp= 1.67 10 kg me= 9.11 10 kg
:
; 8
8 &
(2D3) (1D3) # C +
:& ,!- 1
:# $;
FG 40.5 10 49 N
FC 92.2 10 9 N
40
0.4 10
– 98
8 # 8 1040 P =4 # #
; 81
!
:(33)
F23
F13
q3
30 cm q1
20 cm
q2
(8D3)
:
:1 q3 ,!- q1 N ( 8 64 &
:L1 # #
!
&
– 99
F F132 F232 36 324 19 N
:
C # G1 B 4
F23
tan 3 72
F13
I
;
)
) ,!- U N
N
/4 #J1 ?
; 8 U # &
/4 .I+
BP
* ;< - Q
! ( "
.(7D3) (1 ?
P
* ;<
– 100
q
r q
r
Q
+Q
(& ) (4)
(9D3)
0
2 ! 73
kQq
F
r2
:#4 (3D3)
C &
F kQ
( 4D 3) E
q r2
– 101
: (4D3)
C
#
(5D3) F qE
q * ;< G6 E 8! #4 5C
.
q * ;< #
#B
(43)
B
)
#- Y ( G
4
8N
8 K50 cm -
) -Q=1×10 C
K +4 C 8=
,!-
:
:(
(4D3)
C #
F
E F qE (4 10 6 C)(3.6 106 N/C)=14.4 N
q
?
q # Q /4 ?( G E 8 G;B "
.#; #
# /4 # () ;B
– 102
(53)
#
1
0 (1
) - Y (! (
K8' #
#
#
:
D3) (1 ? r
1
#4 q B
#4 U
:
#- Y
& ;- ?(10
kq
E
r2
E ET
+q q
E+
(10D3)
2kq
ET 2E
r2
) ,!-
=
0
! 0 #4 A
1
' ! K
+
6
– 103
)! ! 8 &
!
-
B 2
.(
) (1 " - #
!- (
(1 m "!
/4 #4
;
# ; ;B
.I
) &
U H)
# y 2 ,!- .I g
;
:
C ,)
( 6D 3) Ug mgy
( 7D 3) Ug mVg
( 8D 3) U elec qVelec
– 104
0
2 ! % 93
:
C q
)
( 0
kQ
( 9D 3) V
r
(scalar)
.
( 6 3)
,!-
I C
) * #- Y (! (
D3) (1 ?(
G (1 2CI /
! EN
K(411
(! ( B
E1 q1=-2 C
E1
0.5 m
E2
E3 0.5 m
0.5 m
E2 E3
q2= -2 C q3=-2 C
– 105
V V1 V2 V3
kQ1 kQ2 kQ3 kQ (9×109 N.C2 /m 2 )( 2×10 6C)
3 3
r1 r2 r3 r (0.5m)
– 106
8
1 # # , (5D3)
C (1 (I
.
#-
(B # C #4 5C ."
(1 #
(
)
1 "+
1 ( 4
(
)
1 /N V # . "1 # .I
?#- B # #B #4
G;B (1 5C .;-
.8 0C+
&
; .
)
1 (1 ?8
1 (1 1
. 8 &
(1
4 & (1 # #B 0
6 +
6
) #+
!+ 84 #
' +
&)
8
*) # (1
.BL *'
(1 ?0% /; (capacitor) 6 ( #+ 84 4 #
# # # # # # ?"4 )
4
.(12D3) (1 HI B ?#
#
– 107
,
) "1 0) ! #4 # (
0
"
" ,!- ( (electrode S 4 E
:
C # $; ?" "!- >) >1
(10D3) Q CV
– 108
#
)
C #! # >
)
& 0) # $
+
# !- ; =
) &
4 5C1 &
0)!
:#4 /4 ?
8
W Fd qEd
W U1 U 2 qV qV q V
:#4 #
V
W qEd q V E
d
:4
V
(11D3) E
d
.
(1
! V 0 ( # >1 ,!- V
>1 #4 /4 10 V B >
#
) < 8- $;
.10 V 1) #
(73)
" *1 20 V > G ;< # / 0
K5 C
:
– 109
:& (10D3)
C +
Q
Q CV C
V
:#4 #
5 C
C 2.5 10 7 F=0.25 F
20 V
Z+
5
* 8)
:(13D3)
– 110
# !- $6 8 BJ) % * *)
# *)
E >1 >) # .(
8 .
/4 ?!- 8N
8 . /
- 8) # #4
: -
Felec w qE mg q (V / d ) mg
:#4 /4
mgd
(12D3) q
V
.
1
d #! # >1 V
#4 !
8 < 8 *) #
#!
19
#4 Y
1 .1.6×10 C # - /
8) /4
#4 *' # - &
4 1
# 8)
19
. 1.6×10 C #<
( & (! &
S! 4 0 & S! )
+X &
X & S! # (1 ?;B &
– 111
# .(14D3) (1 ?!
5 # >1
> #
E ! * #
1
G;B (1 "4 HI
.8
&
!+
\1 0
/
G;B *
-
#4 #B #
:
C ,)
1 1 1
(12D3)
Ceq C1 C2
; .
!4
=4 # =4
!
#4
G;B # 5C
B 5C .8- 8=
,!- ! ( ,!- * )
# >1 2 /
\1 0 (1) # >1 #4
.)1 8 /4
/
1 " 4 ?
* 0)4
C3 C2 C1
(14D3)
– 112
(13D3) Ceq C1 C2
C1
C2
C3
(15D3)
; .
4 # 4 8
#4
G;B # I4 5C
5C .8- 8 *
,!- ! / ,!- * )
?
* * 2 /
\1 0
#4
.0 0)4 # >1 #
6 2<
#5 $0 143
4
) >1
)
8- 0 #
Q2
(14D3) U 1
2 QV 1
2 CV 2 1
2
C
– 113
(83)
# 15 V
) 5 F "
0
.# L 10 F "
+M 0 . / ,!- -
K
! G;B (1
I
)
1
:
:&1 0 ,!-
64 &
Q CV (5 10 6 F)(15V) 75 C
:"1
+
" )
1 1
U 2 QV 2 (75 C)(15V) 562.5 J
&
1
/ ,!- # - :#W
:(13D3)
C
Ceq C1 C2 15 F
!
5
# ; # L 0 #4
:#4 /4 ? 0
QTotal Q1 Q2 75 C
:,<
) \1 0
) ;
– 114
1
Q2 1
(75 C)2
U 2 2 187.5 J
Ceq 15 F
:
I
) #4 /4
U U 562.5 187.5 375 J
19 19
KE qV (1.6 10 C)(20 V) 3.2 10 J
KE qV e(20 V) 20 eV
# "4 .
; (1 "!- 0 B ;B
4 #
#4
5C ? #< ?! 8 G;B
19
eV P 8)
) /4 &I ; 1.6×10 C /
e #'
7.5 eV #<
) )- C1 . ,< 1 ;
:8 & B<
– 115
19 19
E 7.5 eV (7.5eV)(1.6 10 J / eV) 12 10 J
-
– 116
8 ,
! G;B
?8
*
BL 4 *
4 * .
* #C
BL4
8 >+ #
!B * )
.)
– 117
>5&
.
8
)
+ :
)
(1 /
) $! -
-I
*
* ;< B
* ;<
#- " E kQ / r 2
.
* 8 (1
) :2 !
.V kQ / r :
)
(1 /
# .I (1
.
* #+ +
:2 6
# >1 # -
#4 # (
:6
. Q CV :#4
– 118
:;-
!
#1 ( ,!- * . : 8!
1 1 1
&%
; 8 # 4
8 #4 ;B
4D3
.1 -
(1 8+ J1 $; .
* *< $B #4 .
8 6 ; .
!+
K 8 *; (1
0 .r
1
q
Q
$B 5D3
,!- 8N 8 8 ,!- 8N
8 #
#- 0!+ 3+ (1 (1 #
G;B .I+ B KF+
K # ;B B1
' * ;< K
– 119
#< ,!- 8N
8 = 0 6D3
K - G 0-I ;< Q
1
# - 4.0×10 5 N 8 #! # 1 7D3
K 6 cm
1
* ;< #1
( 8
. 3 cm
8 #! # # #= # 1 8D3
4
8
&
.2 cm
1
# - 2.5×10 N
. 4 cm ,<
1
* # F<
*-I ;<
q1=+20 # # #! # #
8 9D3
K 10 cm
1
* ;< q2= 6 C C
C ;< #; # #
8
10D3
K >
I -4
#! "
8 2×10 8 C
% 11D3
K
,!- N ( G
. 0.06 N
9
- 64×10 N
8 #! # 1 12D3
K
.3×10 3 m
1
#
# ;< # / 0 ( # >1 B 13D3
= K 10 mm
1
625×103 N/C (
K &
0)! & 0) # #< ;
14
" ( (1 1.9×10 N * 8) # 14D3
K !- *' - 8)
.4×104 N/C
# # N
8 - # :; 6 15D3
(!+ ,1 (6 (+ ) 0 # E #
# >1 E 8 # 0 ;B
' .G
>1
;+% ( !
B () U
– 120
8 # >1 #4 2 ;B #
(1 .
!
0 ;B
.12 nC # - 60 V U
K "1
+
)
.6 V "1) # >1 1 2 F "
0 # 16D3
K 15 V ,< >1 . 0
8 &
;< 5 cm
1
0 ( # Y ( 17D3
K 15 V >1 #
,< "
* ;< 0 (1
+
) = 18D3
K "
>1 . (#! # 8 = &
) 0
) 0I
) #4 1 >1 E # # 19D3
K (!
.(
15 V > 64 ( ,!-
! * C 20D3
(1
+
)
. >1 E ( ,!-
K
! ,
AHMAD AL-HADIDY
JORDAN –ZARQA
TEL – 0777409465
HADIDY_66@YAHOO.COM
– 121