ART ELEMENTS, PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF PRESENTATIO
4
MODULE OUTCOMES
At the end of this chapter, you must have:
• identified and analyzed the various elements present in visual arts;
• identified the principles of design and translated them into an artwork integrating
environmental and cultural awareness; and
• identified the various methods of presentation in the artworks presented.
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LESSON 1
ELEMENTS OF ART
LESSON OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, you must have:
• identified the elements of art;
• created applied arts; and
• presented own artwork using organic or indigenous materials.
ACTIVITY
Scribble Art
On a piece of paper, use your pen and draw anything within five (5) minutes. Use
your imagination. You may use colors. After five (5) minutes, look at your work. What do
you see? What composes your artwork? Share with the class.
DISCUSSION
ELEMENTS OF ART
We cannot create or appreciate art without knowing the basic concept of the elements
of art. These elements are the visual component of color, form, line, shape, texture and value.
Knowing the elements of art allows us to describe what the artist has done. It also aids us in
analyzing artwork and communicating our thoughts and findings. By learning the elements of
art, we gain the ability to impart and explain what we know to others, contributing to the
continuous development and evolution of art.
The following describes each element of art.
1. Line is a point moving at an identifiable path.
There are different types of lines:
a. horizontal – rest and calm
b. vertical – elevation or height, aspiration for action
c. both – stability and firmness
d. diagonal – movement and instability
e. crooked or jagged lines – violence, conflict or struggle
f. curved – softness, flexibility and sensuality
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by Katsushika Hokusai (1760-1849). Tea Pavilion in Koishikawa (1829-1833). Collection of Japanese prints of Ceramic
Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
2. Shape is a two-dimensional area with a recognizable boundary.
There are two types of shapes:
a. Organic are readily occurring in nature, often irregular and asymmetrical.
b. Geometric are man-made, originally from mathematical propositions
TION
3. Form is a three-dimensional shape.
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4. Space is a sense of depth, whether real or simulated
In artworks, we often utilize positive and negative space for effect. The white space is
also called the negative space, while positive space is where shadow is heavily used.
Day and Night by Maurits Conerlis Escher
5. Color is a property of light as reflected off the object. It has a wide range effects
allowing the viewer to make responses based on memory, emotion and instinct.
We usually define color due to three (3) properties:
a. Hue is a dimension of color. We classify b. Value is the lightness and darkness of
them as Primary, Secondary and Tertiary color. It is itself an element of art and will be
Colors. explained further below.
c. Intensity, also known as saturation or chroma, refers to the degree of purity of a color.
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6. Value, as explained earlier, is the lightness and darkness of color. Light colors are taken as
the source of light in the composition while dark colors are the lack or absence of light. Tint
are of a lighter color than the normal value while shade is a darker color than normal value.
The Old Guitarist by Pablo Picasso (1903)
7. Texture refers to the way things feel, or look as if they might feel if touched.
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ACTIVITY
Make a photo story by choosing artworks that best represent
each of the seven (7) elements of art.
ASSESSMENT EVIDENCE
On a separate sheet using a sketch pad or any material, draw an illustration showing the
different elements of art.
LESSON 2
PRINCIPLES OF ART
LESSON OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, you must have:
1. defined principles of art;
2. enumerated the principles of art; and
3. applied principles of art in drawing or making designs using indigenous materials
ACTIVITY
Select one of your most favorite artworks. What made you like that artwork?
Write and explain in your journal.
DISCUSSION
PRINCIPLES OF ART
The principles of visual art are the rules, tools and/or guidelines that artists use to
organize the elements of art to create an effect and to help convey the artist’s intent in an
artwork. In combination with the elements of art, we understand why an artwork seem
aesthetically pleasing, interesting
or unique.
1. Rhythm is a principle of design that
indicates movement. It is created by the
careful placement of repeated elements in a
work of art to cause a visual tempo or beat.
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2. Balance is a way of combining 3. Contrast refers to the arrangement of
elements to add a feeling of equilibrium or opposite elements in an art piece used to
stability to a work of art. Major types are create visual interest, excitement and drama.
symmetrical and asymmetrical.
Vitruvian Man by Leonardo da Vinci, 1490 Vase with Irises against a Yellow Background by Van Gogh (1890)
4. Harmony is a way of combining similar elements in an artwork to accent their
similarities which is achieved through the use of repetitions and subtle gradual changes.
Water Lilies, Harmony in Blue, 1917 by Claude Monet
5. Variety is concerned with diversity or contrast. It is achieved by using different
shapes, sizes, and/or colors in a work of art.
Guernica by Pablo Picasso, 1937
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6. Movement refers to the direction of the viewing eye as it goes through artwork.
The Great Wave off Kanagawa, also known as The Great Wave or The
Wave, is a woodblock print by the Japanese ukiyo-e artist Hokusai. It was
published sometime between 1829 and 1833.
7. Emphasis is a method used to attract attention in an Artwork to create a focal point. A
focal point draws your attention to the most important elements on the page.
The Scream by Edvard Munch, 1893
ASSESSMENT EVIDENCE
Make a photo story by choosing artworks that best represent each of the
seven (7) principle of art
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LESSON 2
PRINCIPLES OF ART
LESSON OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, you must have:
1. identified the subjects of art and the methods of presenting them; and
2. created visual arts employing the methods of presentation.
DISCUSSION
METHODS OF ART PRESENTATION
In presenting art, many methods are used in order to showcase the artwork clearly.
The following are the different methods of art presentation:
1. Realism is the attempt to portray the b. Elongation – an element is being
subject as is. The artist’s main function is to lengthened or extended
describe as accurately and honestly as
possible the subject as observed through the
senses.
Still Life with Grapes and a Bird Resurrection by El Greco, 1600
by Antonio Leonelli, ca 1500-
1510 c. Mangling – subjects or objects are
2. Abstraction is when an artist does not depicted as cut, lacerated, mutilated
or or
show the subject as an objective reality, but as his idea hacked
feeling. Abstract subjects can be presented through th
a. Distortion – happens when the subject is in a misshapen condition or the regular shape is twisted out.
Reclining Figure by Henry Moore,1951 The Weeping Woman by Pablo Picasso, 1937
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d. Cubism – stresses abstraction by e. Abstract Expressionism – is a style
showing forms in their basic geometrical that originated in New York City after World
shapes like a cone, cylinder or sphere. War II which is characterized by the use of
large canvases and lack of refinement in
applying paint, as well as strong color, heavy
impasto, uneven brush strokes and rough
textures.
Glass on a Table by Georges Braque, 1909–10 Blue Poles by Jackson Pollock (1952)
3. Symbolism are visible sign of something invisible such as an idea or quality. Symbolism
systematically uses symbols to concentrate or intensify meaning, making the work of art more
subjective rather than objective and conventional.
TION Spoliarium by Juan Luna, 1884
4. Fauvism is derived from the French les fauves which means the “wild beasts.” It is an
artistic movement of the last part of the 19th century which emphasized spontaneity and use
of extremely bright colors. To a fauvist, for example, a tree trunk need not be brown. It could
be bright red, purple or any other color.
Woman with a Hat by Henri Matisse (1905)
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5. Dadaism is a process movement that
began in 1916 by a group of artists and poets
in Zurich, Switzerland. The term dada is a
French word, which means a “hobbyhorse.”
A hobby-horse is a child’s toy consisting of a
wooden horse mounted on a stick.
ONL
Dadaism is a system of art which is
considered nonsensical. It started as a Post-
World War cultural movement against the
barbarism of the war. It is a reaction to
what they believed were outworn traditions
in art, and the evils they saw in society. It
tried to shock and provoke the public with
outrageous pieces of writing, poetry recitals
and art exhibitions.
Marcel Duchamp penciled a mustache and goatee on a print
of Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa and inscribed the work,
“L.H.O.O.Q.” in 1919. Spelled out in French, these letters form a
pun: Ell a chaud au cul or “She has hot pants.”
6. Futurism came into being with the appearance of a manifesto published by the post
Filippo Tommaso Marinetti on the front page of the February 20, 1909 issue of Le Figaro. It
was the very first manifesto of this kind where Marinetti summed up the major principles of
the Futurists. He and others espoused a love of speed, technology and violence. Futurism was
presented as a modernist movement celebrating the technological, future era.
Cyclist by Natalia Goncharova, 1913
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7. Surrealism is an offshoot of Dadaism. It is also known as “super realism,” which
revolves on the method of making ordinary things look extraordinary. It focuses on real things
found in the imagination or fantasy or it has realistic subjects that are found in the
unconscious mind; depicting dreamlike images of the inner mind.
COP
Sleep by Salvador Dali (1937)
8. Impressionism focuses on directly describing the visual sensations derived from
nature.
TION
Impression, Sunrise by Claude Monet, 1874
ASSESSMENT EVIDENCE
Choose one of your favorite films. Design a poster for the film using one of the methods of art appreciation w
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