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ART ELEMENTS, PRINCIPLES AND METHODS

4 OF PRESENTATION (VISUAL ARTS)

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MODULE OUTCOMES
At the end of this chapter, you must have:
• identified and analyzed the various elements present in visual arts;
• identified the principles of design and translated them into an artwork integrating
environmental and cultural awareness; and
• identified the various methods of presentation in the artworks presented.

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 LESSON 1
ELEMENTS OF ART

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LESSON OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, you must have:
• identified the elements of art;

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• created applied arts; and
• presented own artwork using organic or indigenous materials.

ACTIVITY

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Scribble Art

On a piece of paper, use your pen and draw anything within five (5) minutes.
Use your imagination. You may use colors. After five (5) minutes, look at your work.
What do you see? What composes your artwork? Share with the class.
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DISCUSSION
ELEMENTS OF ART
We cannot create or appreciate art without knowing the basic concept of the
elements of art. These elements are the visual component of color, form, line, shape,
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texture and value. Knowing the elements of art allows us to describe what the artist
has done. It also aids us in analyzing artwork and communicating our thoughts and
findings. By learning the elements of art, we gain the ability to impart and explain what
we know to others, contributing to the continuous development and evolution of art.

The following describes each element of art.

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1. Line is a point moving at an identifiable path.

There are different types of lines:

a. horizontal – rest and calm

b. vertical – elevation or height, aspiration for action

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c. both – stability and firmness

d. diagonal – movement and instability

e. crooked or jagged lines – violence, conflict or struggle

f. curved – softness, flexibility and sensuality

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by Katsushika Hokusai (1760-1849). Tea Pavilion in Koishikawa (1829-1833). Collection of Japanese prints of Ceramic
Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands

2. Shape is a two-dimensional area with a recognizable boundary.

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There are two types of shapes:

a. Organic are readily occurring in nature, often irregular and asymmetrical.

b. Geometric are man-made, originally from mathematical propositions
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https://images.app.goo.gl/GXFcCAJfrSWh9Tdb8

3. Form is a three-dimensional shape.

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without the consent of the university or of the module writer is prohibited.
4. Space is a sense of depth, whether real or simulated

In artworks, we often utilize positive and negative space for effect. The white

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space is also called the negative space, while positive space is where shadow is
heavily used.

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Day and Night by Maurits Conerlis Escher

5. Color is a property of light as reflected off the object. It has a wide range effects
allowing the viewer to make responses based on memory, emotion and instinct.
We usually define color due to three (3) properties:
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a. Hue is a dimension of color. We classify b. Value is the lightness and darkness of
them as Primary, Secondary and Tertiary color. It is itself an element of art and will
Colors. be explained further below.
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c. Intensity, also known as saturation or chroma, refers to the degree of purity of a color.
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without the consent of the university or of the module writer is prohibited.
 6. Value, as explained earlier, is the lightness and darkness of color. Light colors are
taken as the source of light in the composition while dark colors are the lack or absence
of light. Tint are of a lighter color than the normal value while shade is a darker color

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than normal value.

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The Old Guitarist by Pablo Picasso (1903)

7. Texture refers to the way things feel, or look as if they might feel if touched.
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https://images.app.goo.gl/Qb2FWMPoucAv1bpL9

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This module is owned by ISAT University, unauthorized reproduction or distribution
without the consent of the university or of the module writer is prohibited.
 ACTIVITY

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Make a photo story by choosing artworks that best represent
each of the seven (7) elements of art.

ASSESSMENT EVIDENCE

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On a separate sheet using a sketch pad or any material, draw an illustration
showing the different elements of art.

LESSON 2
PRINCIPLES OF ART
LESSON OUTCOMES

At the end of the lesson, you must have:

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1. defined principles of art;
2. enumerated the principles of art; and
3. applied principles of art in drawing or making designs using indigenous materials

ACTIVITY
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Select one of your most favorite artworks. What made you like that artwork?
Write and explain in your journal.

DISCUSSION
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PRINCIPLES OF ART
The principles of visual art are the rules, tools and/or guidelines that artists use
to organize the elements of art to create an effect and to help convey the artist’s intent
in an artwork. In combination with the elements of art, we understand why an artwork
seem aesthetically pleasing, interesting
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or unique.

1. Rhythm is a principle of design that

indicates movement. It is created by the
careful placement of repeated elements
in a work of art to cause a visual tempo
or beat.
https://images.app.goo.gl/cc8KAkYu4iMERGeS7

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 2. Balance is a way of combining 3. Contrast refers to the arrangement of
elements to add a feeling of equilibrium or opposite elements in an art piece used
stability to a work of art. Major types are to create visual interest, excitement and

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symmetrical and asymmetrical. drama.

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Vitruvian Man by Leonardo da Vinci, 1490 Vase with Irises against a Yellow Background by Van Gogh (1890)

4. Harmony is a way of combining similar elements in an artwork to accent their

similarities which is achieved through the use of repetitions and subtle gradual changes.
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Water Lilies, Harmony in Blue, 1917 by Claude Monet

5. Variety is concerned with diversity or contrast. It is achieved by using different

shapes, sizes, and/or colors in a work of art.
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Guernica by Pablo Picasso, 1937

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6. Movement refers to the direction of the viewing eye as it goes through artwork.

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The Great Wave off Kanagawa, also known as The Great Wave or The Wave,
is a woodblock print by the Japanese ukiyo-e artist Hokusai. It was published
sometime between 1829 and 1833.

7. Emphasis is a method used to attract attention in an Artwork to create a focal point.

A focal point draws your attention to the most important elements on the page.
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The Scream by Edvard Munch, 1893

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ASSESSMENT EVIDENCE

Make a photo story by choosing artworks that best represent each

of the seven (7) principle of art

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This module is owned by ISAT University, unauthorized reproduction or distribution
without the consent of the university or of the module writer is prohibited.
 LESSON 2
PRINCIPLES OF ART

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LESSON OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, you must have:
1. identified the subjects of art and the methods of presenting them; and
2. created visual arts employing the methods of presentation.

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DISCUSSION
METHODS OF ART PRESENTATION
In presenting art, many methods are used in order to showcase the artwork

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clearly. The following are the different methods of art presentation:
1. Realism is the attempt to portray the b. Elongation – an element is being
subject as is. The artist’s main function is lengthened or extended
to describe as accurately and honestly as
possible the subject as observed through
the senses.
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Resurrection by El Greco, 1600

Still Life with Grapes and a Bird
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by Antonio Leonelli, ca 1500-1510

c. Mangling – subjects or objects are
2. Abstraction is when an artist does not depicted as cut, lacerated, mutilated
show the subject as an objective reality, or hacked
but as his idea or feeling. Abstract subjects
can be presented through the following:
a. Distortion – happens when the
subject is in a misshapen condition or
the regular shape is twisted out.
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Reclining Figure by Henry Moore,1951 The Weeping Woman by Pablo Picasso, 1937

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d. Cubism – stresses abstraction by e. Abstract Expressionism – is a style
showing forms in their basic geometrical that originated in New York City after World
shapes like a cone, cylinder or sphere. War II which is characterized by the use
of large canvases and lack of refinement

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in applying paint, as well as strong color,
heavy impasto, uneven brush strokes and
rough textures.

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Glass on a Table by Georges Braque, 1909–10 Blue Poles by Jackson Pollock (1952)

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3. Symbolism are visible sign of something invisible such as an idea or quality.
Symbolism systematically uses symbols to concentrate or intensify meaning, making
the work of art more subjective rather than objective and conventional.
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Spoliarium by Juan Luna, 1884

4. Fauvism is derived from the French les fauves which means the “wild beasts.” It is
an artistic movement of the last part of the 19th century which emphasized spontaneity
and use of extremely bright colors. To a fauvist, for example, a tree trunk need not be
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brown. It could be bright red, purple or any other color.

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Woman with a Hat by Henri Matisse (1905)

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 5. Dadaism is a process movement that
began in 1916 by a group of artists and
poets in Zurich, Switzerland. The term

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dada is a French word, which means a
“hobbyhorse.” A hobby-horse is a child’s
toy consisting of a wooden horse mounted
on a stick.

Dadaism is a system of art which

is considered nonsensical. It started as
a Post-World War cultural movement

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against the barbarism of the war. It is
a reaction to what they believed were
outworn traditions in art, and the evils
they saw in society. It tried to shock
and provoke the public with outrageous
pieces of writing, poetry recitals and art

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exhibitions.

Marcel Duchamp penciled a mustache and goatee on a print

of Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa and inscribed the work,
“L.H.O.O.Q.” in 1919. Spelled out in French, these letters form a
pun: Ell a chaud au cul or “She has hot pants.”
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6. Futurism came into being with the appearance of a manifesto published by the
post Filippo Tommaso Marinetti on the front page of the February 20, 1909 issue of
Le Figaro. It was the very first manifesto of this kind where Marinetti summed up the
major principles of the Futurists. He and others espoused a love of speed, technology
and violence. Futurism was presented as a modernist movement celebrating the
technological, future era.
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Cyclist by Natalia Goncharova, 1913

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7. Surrealism is an offshoot of Dadaism. It is also known as “super realism,” which
revolves on the method of making ordinary things look extraordinary. It focuses on real
things found in the imagination or fantasy or it has realistic subjects that are found in

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the unconscious mind; depicting dreamlike images of the inner mind.

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Sleep by Salvador Dali (1937)

8. Impressionism focuses on directly describing the visual sensations derived from

nature.
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Impression, Sunrise by Claude Monet, 1874

ASSESSMENT EVIDENCE

Choose one of your favorite films. Design a poster for the

film using one of the methods of art appreciation we discussed.

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This module is owned by ISAT University, unauthorized reproduction or distribution
without the consent of the university or of the module writer is prohibited.