Quiz No.

2 Answer the following questions and put your answer on whole sheet of yellow
paper...Submission will be on January 16, 2023. Thanks and GOD Bless!

1. Cite 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of the

following energy resources:

A. HYDROELECTRIC POWER
ADVANTAGES

1. It’s Good for the Environment

Although hydroelectric energy does have some disadvantages, it is one of the

most environmentally friendly forms of energy production available to us
today. It does not use any fossil fuels, nor does it produce any harmful
emissions, and it also provides a steady supply of clean energy. So, what’s
not to love? While dams can have a heavy impact on the environment, the
only pollution these dams create is from the initial construction. The actual
production of energy produces no carbon emissions.

2. It’s a Renewable Resource

“Water, water everywhere but not a drop to drink.” While you won’t be
drinking directly from a river (or ocean) anytime soon, one of the main
advantages of hydro energy is that water is nearly everywhere and can be
used to produce hydroelectric energy. Because of the water cycle, it is a
renewable resource that doesn’t run out—allowing us to conserve limited
and non-renewable resources for other uses.
DISADVANTAGES

1. It Has an Environmental Impact

Perhaps the largest disadvantage of hydroelectric energy is the impact

it can have on the environment. Dams can damage or otherwise
impact the environment both upstream and downstream through
their construction process during the formation of the dam. To build a
dam, new roads and power lines must be installed that disrupt the
environment. Dams also often form reservoirs that flood large areas
and displace natural habitats. When dams flood areas, it creates
sections of still or stagnant water that kills vegetation which emits
greenhouse gasses as it rots. This is especially true in humid and
tropical environments.

Blocking the flow of water can also seriously impact fish migration,
especially for species like salmon that rely on rivers to spawn. Dams
can even impact biological triggers that tell fish where to go when it’s
time to migrate. Some dams have sought to solve this disadvantage of
hydroelectric energy by creating fish ladders or fish elevators to help
migratory fish make it to their spawning grounds.

2. It Displaces People

Reservoirs not only displace animals from their habitats, but they also
displace people. This disadvantage of hydroelectric energy can have
quite a large impact on communities. People who have lived in an area
their whole lives may be forced to move, and although they are
typically compensated for moving, it can’t make up for what they have
lost.

Cities, towns, and villages have been eliminated by dams, and local
cultures displaced. If people refuse to move due to construction, they
have sometimes been forced out of their homes with the threat of
violence.
B. GEOTHERMAL POWER
ADVANTAGES

1. Renewable

Geothermal energy is a source of renewable energy that will last until the
Earth is destroyed by the sun in around 5 billion years. The hot reservoirs
within the Earth are naturally replenished, making it both renewable and
sustainable.

2. Sustainable / Stable

Geothermal provides a reliable source of energy as compared to other

renewable resources such as wind and solar power. This is because the
resource is always available to be tapped into, unlike with wind or solar
energy.

DISADVANTAGES

1. Environmental Side Effects

Although geothermal energy does not typically release greenhouse gases,

there are many of these gases stored under the Earth’s surface which are
released into the atmosphere during digging. While these gases are also
released into the atmosphere naturally, the rate increases near geothermal
plants. However, these gas emissions are still far lower than those associated
with fossil fuels.

2. Earthquakes

Geothermal energy also runs the risk of triggering earthquakes. This is due to
alterations in the Earth’s structure as a result of digging. This problem is
more prevalent with enhanced geothermal power plants, which force water
into the Earth’s crust to open up fissures to greater exploitation of the
resource. However, since most geothermal plants are away from population
centres, the implications of these earthquakes are relatively minor.
 C. FOSSIL POWER
ADVANTAGES

1. A cheap source of energy

Fossil fuels are relatively cheap. It’s relatively easy to find and produce these
fuels, and there was a huge supply. Plus, since fossil fuels have fueled our
world for 250 years, there’s infrastructure in place to distribute it cheaply. That
is now changing. As the supplies dwindle, so the cost of finding new deposits
goes up, and the expense involved in production skyrockets. Deeper wells and
mines in more hostile environments equals more expensive energy – not to
mention an even higher cost to the environment.

2. Reliability

Fossil fuels are dependable – at the moment. There are plenty of coalfields
and large – if declining – deposits of oil and gas and, as fracking
demonstrates, research into extraction is becoming ever more advanced.

DISADVANTAGES

1. Fossil fuels are nonrenewable

Once you burn a gallon of oil, it’s gone for good – and fossil fuels will run
out. It’s estimated we have just 100 years of coal production left, 50 years
of crude oil, and 50 years of natural gas. That means this is a major
problem for us, our children, and our grandchildren. That’s why we help
our customers switch to the benefits of renewable energy – all Inspire
employees and customers are striving to replace harmful energy sources
with clean, renewable energy sources long before that happens. If you
want to join our fight, learn more about our energy plans.

2.Dangerous to produce
 Mining is a potentially dangerous industry where tragic disasters can
happen. Despite developments in machinery, there’s still a human element
that can come at a huge cost.

2. As a student, what concrete actions can you do tp

preserve and prevent degredation of power.
As a student, there are many concrete actions that we can take to help preserve and prevent
the degradation of power. The first step is understanding the causes of power degradation, which can
include over-consumption and unsustainable practices. Once these issues have been identified, students
should educate themselves on ways to reduce their personal impact on the environment by reducing
energy consumption in their daily lives. This could involve using more efficient lighting systems or
appliances that use less electricity; replacing old windows with those designed for better insulation;
turning off lights when not in use; unplugging electronics when they’re not being used; taking public
transportation instead of driving whenever possible and carpooling with friends or family members if
necessary.

In addition to improving our own habits at home, students can also get involved in local
initiatives aimed at preserving energy resources through conservation efforts such as tree planting
projects or campaigns against deforestation. These activities will help create awareness among peers
about how small changes made today can make a big difference tomorrow for future generations who
depend upon us now for responsible stewardship of our planet's resources.. Finally, it’s important that
students become informed about current legislation concerning environmental protection so they may
advocate for laws that promote renewable sources like solar and wind power rather than non-
renewable ones like oil drilling which contribute significantly towards global warming . By doing this we
ensure greater access to clean air , water , food sources etc., all essential elements needed sustain life
on earth .

Overall it is clear there are multiple actions one must consider as a student looking into
preserving & preventing degredationofpower . Through individual lifestyle changes coupled with
advocacy & education efforts ,we have immense potentialto effect positive changeinthis areaon botha
local&global scale

TASK No.4
Read carefully the questions and answer them with 3-5 sentences on a sheet of yellow paper.

1. What are the basic assumptions of the continental drift theory?

The continental drift theory is a scientific explanation of how the Earth's continents have moved
over time. It was first proposed by Alfred Wegener in 1912 and has since been widely accepted as a valid
geological concept. The basic assumptions of the continental drift theory are that all landmasses were
once joined together in one large supercontinent, which he called Pangaea; this single continent then
broke apart due to forces within the Earth's mantle, resulting in its current configuration of separate
continents; and these movements occurred slowly over millions of years.

Wegener based his hypothesis on several lines of evidence including fossil records indicating
similarities between plants and animals found on different continents, similar rock formations found
across oceans, glaciation patterns from past ice ages suggesting that parts or all of certain lands had at
some point been connected to other lands now separated by vast oceans. He also noted differences
between climate zones around each continent suggesting they may have once belonged together before
being split apart by tectonic shifts within the earth’s crustal plates.

Today we know much more about plate tectonics than when Wegener first proposed his
theories but many scientists still recognize him as having made an important contribution towards
understanding our planet’s geology history through his work with Continental Drift Theory . His research
provided us with an invaluable insight into how our world has evolved over time helping us better
understand why things are shaped like they are today – something we would not be able to do without
acknowledging Wegner’s original ideas about continental drift!

2. Name evidences that support the continental drift theory?

The continental drift theory proposes that the Earth's continents have shifted from their original
positions over time. This idea has been around since before Alfred Wegener proposed it in 1912, and is
now widely accepted as a scientific fact. There are several pieces of evidence which support this theory
and demonstrate its validity.

One key piece of evidence for the continental drift theory comes from paleomagnetism: the
study of ancient magnetic fields preserved in rocks on different continents today compared to those
same spots millions of years ago when they were part of one supercontinent called Pangaea. The data
shows that these areas were once connected because they all had similar magnetic patterns, proving
that some kind of movement must have occurred between them at some point in history to separate
them into distinct land masses as we know them today.
 Another important piece is fossil records found across different parts of the world showing
species which could only have existed together if those areas had been connected at one point or
another; this suggests a pattern where animals migrated along with shifting tectonic plates over long
periods until settling into new habitats on other sides far away from each other due to their separation
by oceans or mountain ranges created by plate movements below ground level during geological
processes such as subduction zones forming volcanoes like Mt Fujiyama near Japan’s coast line
thousands miles away form any active volcano range elsewhere around our planet..

Finally, there is also seismic activity mapping done using advanced technology which reveals
how certain features like ocean trenches can be explained through plate tectonics rather than erosion
alone - further supporting Wegener’s hypothesis about large scale continental shifts occurring
throughout Earth's history up until present day times where human populations live close enough
proximity so we can witness first hand what happens when two plates collide creating earthquakes
tsunamis among many natural disasters related directly with geophysical activities taking place beneath
our feet every single moment without us even noticing most times! All these evidences combined
provide strong support for Wegener’s Continental Drift Theory and help explain why our planet looks so
drastically different than it did millions years ago – something no longer mysterious but rather
understood thanks science advancements made possible nowadays!

QUIZ No. 3 :
 Read carefully the questions and answer them with 3-5 sentences on a sheet of yellow paper.

1. Will continents come back together and form a single land mass?

The concept of the continents coming back together to form a single landmass is an interesting one, and
there are several theories as to why it may or may not be possible. In this essay, we will explore some of
the scientific evidence for and against this idea.

One argument in favor of the possibility that all continents could come together again is plate tectonics.
This theory states that large pieces of Earth's crust move slowly over time due to convection currents in
its mantle layer below them. As these plates move they can collide with each other, which can cause
mountain ranges such as those found along Europe’s Mediterranean coastlines or even create new land
masses like Iceland from volcanic activity beneath their surface layers when they meet up with another
plate boundary at a divergent margin (the most common type). Therefore if enough time were given for
these plates to continue moving around then eventually all seven major continental plates could join up
once more forming one super-continent much like Pangaea did millions years ago before breaking apart
into what we now know today as our world map!

On the other hand however there are also arguments against this notion too; mainly because oceanic
lithosphere (which forms between two converging continental margins) gets destroyed through
subduction - meaning any newly formed super continent would have far less area than previously
thought! Furthermore current estimates suggest that it takes about 200 million years for two separate
tectonic plates just 10km thick each side make contact so even if everything else stayed constant (which
obviously won't!) then it would take many times longer than humans have been living on earth before
anything close resembling Pangaea was seen again…

Overall while theoretically plausible under certain conditions – whether or not all seven major
continents will ever rejoin into one single land mass remains unknown but certainly something worth
further investigation by scientists who specialize in geology and seismology alike!

2. Since plate tectonic processes are powered by heat energy which is infinite, will plate motion
cease/stop? If it does, what will happen?
The concept of plate tectonics has been widely accepted in the scientific community for decades. Plate
tectonic processes are powered by heat energy, which is essentially infinite due to its origin from Earth's
core. This raises an interesting question: will plate motion eventually cease? If so, what would be the
consequences?

In short, it is unlikely that plate motion will ever fully stop. The convection currents generated by Earth's
molten core are constantly providing new sources of heat energy and driving dynamic changes in
surface features such as mountains and ocean basins. Even if these convection currents were to slow
down significantly over time, they would still provide enough thermal energy to sustain some degree of
movement within plates on a geologic timescale (hundreds or thousands of years).

If all movement between plates were to completely halt however, this could have dramatic effects on
our planet’s climate and environment since there would no longer be any mechanism for releasing
pressure along convergent boundaries or redistributing material around divergent ones. Furthermore
without any kind of subduction taking place at destructive margins we may see more frequent volcanic
activity near mid-ocean ridges as well as increased seismic activity along transform faults where two
plates grind against each other but don't actually move away from one another . In summary while it
appears highly unlikely that all movements between tectonic plates will ever come to a complete
standstill , should this occur then we can expect drastic global impacts across many different areas .

Earth Science Project:

 submission will be on January 18,2023

TITLE: Worlds Deadliest Volcanic Experience

Instructions: Research 10 major volcanic eruptions that happened throughout the world.

Create an anecdotal record of these eruptions(tabular form),

detailing the characteristics of the volcano

the date of eruption

, location

and the death toll/

destructions caused by each of the volcanic hazard.

Put it on a short bond paper, computerized or hand written will do, include pictures if necessary. Thank
and GOD Bless!