TEST METHOD

D14 1055 / - - F

MATERIALS AND ORGANIC COATINGS

WEAR BY RUBBING

Normalisation Renault Automobiles

DPMI / Service 67250
Section Normes et Cahiers des Charges
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This document is to be considered as a whole, the parts of which shall not be separated.

"Seul le texte français fait foi, les traductions n'étant faites que pour en faciliter l'emploi".
"The French text alone is valid. The translations are provided to assist the reader in understanding the
standards".

© RENAULT 2012.
No duplication permitted without the consent of the issuing department.
No circulation permitted without the consent of RENAULT.

FIRST ISSUE

September 1968 ---

REVISIONS

July 1994 - - B Complete revision.

Foreword deleted.
December 1994 - - C Foreword added.
Formal modifications.
November 2004 - - D Addition of clarifications on modification to wear fabric reference.
This issue originates from draft NC 2004 0418 / - - -.
November 2011 - - E New reading without modifications.
This issue originates from draft NC 2011
September 2012 - - F Modifications and replacement of the rubbing fabric.
This issue originates from draft NC 2012 0708 / - - - .

REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

Test Methods : D25 1413

AFNOR standard : NF EN ISO 20105-A02.

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FOREWORD

This document is the equivalent of the group PSA PEUGEOT CITROEN of reference documents D45
1055.

It shall not be modified without first notifying the Standardization Departments of this group

It is in conformity with the agreement concluded between this group and RENAULT in September
2012.

1. SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION

The purpose of this method is to evaluate or compare the resistance to wear due to rubbing of organic
materials (textile or trim hide) and organic coatings such as paint or plastic, used for interior parts of
vehicles.

2. PRINCIPLE

The test consists in causing wear due to rubbing on the part or material to be tested using a reference
fabric and, after a defined period of time, in examining the condition of the surface subjected to wear
and comparing it to that of a non-worn area of the same part or material.

3. APPARATUS

3.1. ABRASIVE FABRIC

A strip of 35 mm in width is cut in the warp direction, the characteristics of which are
specified in annex 3

- The face of the strip in contact with the sample must have the twill structure rising from
the left to right

- The length of the strip should be adjusted according to the equipment used and the type
of mounting

Note: The fabric (with natural fibres) should be stored in a controlled environment
(23 ° C ± 5 ° C and 50% ± 10% relative humidity) to avoid degrading its properties.

Or in any other wear fabrics provided in the reference documents.

The wear fabric is referenced No. 90 3049100 0100 00 in

AUNDE FRANCE, 41 rue Picardie, 02100 Saint Quentin, France

Tél: 00 33 3 23 06 61 77

3.2. WEIGHT

(See diagram in Annex 2)

Of 1 kg ±10 g or any other value indicated by the reference documents used to pull the
abrasive strip onto the material under test.

Please note that the mass must be distributed evenly throughout the band, so you must use
a triangle to attach the weight to the band.

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3.3. WEAR MECHANISM

(See diagram in annex2)

A crankshaft and connecting rod is used to create a reciprocating motion, with a speed of 13
strokes per minute ± 1 s and a stroke length of 140 mm ± 2 mm.

One end of the abrasive strip is attached to this mechanism; the weight (3.2.) is attached to
the other end.

NOTE: The weight should be guided whilst being kept free in the direction of travel of the
strip (sliding without friction) in a guide tube.

3.4. TEST SPECIMEN MOUNTING

Equipped with a rigid attachment which not allow any movement as a result of the
reciprocation of the abrasive strip.
This device must be adjustable in height so that the K zone is horizontal (see diagram in
Annex 1).

The test can be performed on a complete part; it must be possible to mount the part without
any movement during the test. The tested area of the tested part L must be at least 20 mm
(See diagram in Annex 2).

For sheet materials, these must be mounted on cylinders (non-deformable and unalterable,
in stainless steel or aluminum) of outer diameters 40 mm ± 2 mm (for small curvatures (door
panel)) or 75 mm ±2 mm (for large curvatures (seat)) (see diagram in Appendix 2). The
attachment must be made by a double-sided adhesive, without any significant thickness
which would affect the friction, in order to suppress all movement.

3.5. MATERIAL FOR CUTTING

Test specimens: band saw, scissors, etc

3.6. MAGNIFYING GLASS.

Magnification x 10 max.

3.7. SOFT BRUSH.

3.8. GLOSSMETER
Type BYK GARDNER MICROGLOSS 60°.

3.9. GUIDE TUBE

The guide tube must be a diameter or dimension larger than that of the weight, to allow
sliding without friction.

3.10. SEWING MACHINE

A sewing machine (three workouts) can be used if the seams are to be made (as specified).

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4. PREPARATION OF SPECIMENS
Parts or samples should be conditioned for 24 h before the test in a conditioned room at 23 ° C ± 2 °
C and 50% ± 5% relative humidity.

• On complete parts: cut out the area to be tested, which should be rigid and as convex as
possible, the part to be abraded must be convex (see Figure of sampling areas below).

The curved zone A (see diagram in Appendix 1) must have L ≥ 20 mm of length L (the area to
be tested), the edges B and C should not be protruding but rounded, or better still slightly
recessed compared to the abrasive strip.

Caution: In the case of parts attached to an armrest for example, or in the case of a trim or
other decorative part (seams ...), they must be tested with their mounting.

Example: Mounted plastic switches or plastic recess within armrest (see photo Annex 2)

Sampling areas
Contactable elbow area

Contactable elbow area

Contactable
Contactable
Zone cgntactable
elbowdearea Area
coude
with seams
avec couture Main

Contactable
Zone contactable
area,
Main et
Hand andavant
forebras
arm

• To test soft coating materials: it is necessary to fix them on a rigid cylindrical support with a
diameter similar to that of the part to be coated (3.4). The attachment must be made by a
double-sided adhesive, without any significant thickness which would affect the friction, in
order to suppress all movement.

For tests on materials with seams, prepare test samples made with the yarn to be tested
using the sewing machine (3.10)

Depending on the specific requirements of the reference documents, the parts examined, if
necessary, measure the brightness before testing according to the test method D25 1413,
with the glossmeter
(3.8.).

• For PSA:

- The ageing is done on complete part. Samples are taken after ageing.
- An untested reference sample should also be taken from each zone to be tested.

- Conditioning the parts or samples 24 hours before the test in a conditioned room at
23 ° C ± 2 ° C and 50% ± 5% relative humidity.

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5. PROCEDURE
- For soft materials (Fabrics, PET, leather ...), set the sample on the appropriate support cylinder
(3.4.)

For rigid parts, clamp them on the bench to validate the process. Pay attention to the zones to be
tested (ex: test a seam).

- Position the sample perpendicularly to the direction of the movement, centered in the zone of
abrasion (see diagrams or photos).

- Attach one end of the abrasive strip to the wearing mechanism observing the direction of the
abrasive fabric (the twill travels diagonally upward to the right on the face that will be in contact with
the specimen to be tested)(3.3.) and place it on the specimen so that the K zone is horizontal (see
diagram in Appendix 1).

- Attached the weight to the other end of the abrasive band (3.2.) so it can hang freely to stretch the
abrasive band.

- Switch on the wearing mechanism (3.3.) During the period defined in the documents.

- During the test, stop the mechanism if necessary to observe the surface of the sample and re-start
immediately after.

- The abrasive band should be changed every 2 hours during testing test to avoid its
degradation

- After the test, remove the weight and the abrasive band.

- Remove the sample from the mounting (3.4.).

- If necessary, remove loose debris with the brush (3.7.) or by blowing.

- Examine the worn area.

6. EXPRESSION OF RESULTS
Examine the worn surface with the naked eye and describe the appearance in comparison with a non
worn area. Assessment should be carried out in a light cabinet. The assessment can be enhanced by
an observation with the magnifying glass (3.6.).

Note any degradation or any changes in appearance such as: cracks, cracking, exudations,
heterogeneity, porosity (or micro porosity), pilling, moiré, etc...

Grading and gloss measurement must be done on a flat zone for accessories (stoup, platinum of
servitude, etc ...) on flat zones and radiated for the other parts.

The assessment of contrast between the worn area and the non-worn area can be quantified by:
- Comparison with the grey scale as per Standard NF ISO 105-A02,
- Or measurement of luminance variation by spectrophotocolourimetry as per Test Method
D15 5084.

If the gloss before test was measured, measure the gloss after test as per Test Method D25 1413,
using gloss-meter (3.8.). For leather products, the gloss measurement must be made 24 hours after
the test to allow for moisture re-absorption.

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7. TEST REPORT
In addition to the results obtained, the test report shall include:

- the reference of this test method,

- the name of the operator and the used equipment

- the date of the test

- the reference of the product under test and the Supplier's name,

- the shape of the part in the test area, or the diameter used for the test

- the duration of the test,

- the type of ageing undergone before the test,

- the gloss before test, if necessary (Leather, TEP )

- the variation in gloss after the test, if necessary, (Leather, TEP )

- photographs of initial and tested samples (if technically possible).

- any procedural details not specified in the test method as well as any incidents likely to have
influenced the results,

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ANNEX 1
WEAR MECHANISM DIAGRAM

Mécanisme
Wearing d'usure(3.3)
mechanism (3.3)

Zone C
Zone K

Sample
Eprouvette
L

Support
Supportavec
withles fixations
sample
de l'éprouvette
fixations (3.4) (3.4.)

Zone A
Zone B
Wearing
Bande band (3.1)
usante (3.1)

Mass (3.2)
Masse (3.2)

Guide
Tube
(3.9)

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ANNEX 2

FIXTURES AND ACCESSORIES

• Mounting for the correct weight distribution across the band.

• For tests on sheets of material, samples (as an example and according to equipment) must
measure at least 125 mm x 70 mm tube diameter 40 mm and 225 mm x 70 mm tube diameter 75
mm.

Tube Ø 40 mm ± 2 mm Sample 125 mm x 70 mm

Tube Ø 75 mm ± 2 mm Sample 225mm x 70 mm

• For the car part :

Armrest mounted plastic part Armrest only

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ANNEX 3

CHARACTERISTICS OF ABRASIVE CLOTH (3.1)

Warp thread

Roll direction twill rises from left to right,

side to be in contact with test sample

FORMULATION
DOCUMENTS CHARACTERISTICS OF REQUIREMENT
RESULTS
Polyester 55 % -
Composition -
Combed wool 45 %
Colour - Raw
2
D45 1012 Weight per square meter g/m 350±30
D45 1014 Threat count C Threat /cm 28 ± 2 - Folded yarn 2 ends
T Threat /cm 17 ± 1 - Folded yarn 2 ends

Construction -

D41 1029 Traction – Tensile strength C N ≥ 1200

T N ≥ 700
D41 1029 Traction – Elongation at break C % ≥ 30
T % ≥ 20
D41 1029 Traction - Elongation at 50 N C % 4±2
T % 3±2
D45 1195 Thickness mm 0,9 ± 0,1

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