Introduction to Cath Lab

Introduction:
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A cath lab, is an examination room in a hospital,
clinic, or diagnostic centre where several types of
tests and procedures like ablation, angiogram,
angioplasty, implantation of pacemakers, etc.
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Cardiac catheterization is a procedure performed to
diagnose and treat certain types of cardiovascular
diseases. A thin long tube called a catheter is
inserted in an artery or vein or groin during this
procedure.
Importance of cath lab:
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Diagnosing and fixing problems.
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To evaluvate and conform the presence of CAD.
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To determine the need of further management.
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For Integrated patient care.
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For multi- department apporach.
Types of Cath Lab.
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There are two types of cath Lab.

1. Single Plane cath lab

2. Bi- Plane cath lab

Single Plane cath lab
Bi- Plane cath lab
Cath Lab Consist of:
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Fluroscopy
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Patient Couch
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Image Intensifier
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Viewing Monitor
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Injection Pump
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Catheters
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Angioplasty ballons & Stunts
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Defibrillator
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Real time ECG, Blood Pressure, Spo2 Monitors.
Fluroscopy:
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It is used to study of moving body structures
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A continuous X-ray bean is passed through the
body. They are captured by a device called an
image
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Intensifier and converted into light. The ligh at is
transmitted to a TV camera and displayc Video
monitor.
Intensifier:
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It is an imaging component which converts x-rays
into a visible image.
Catheters:
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A Flexible tube inserted through a narrow opening
into the body.
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Types of catheters:
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Judkins Catheter - JR, JL
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Amplatz Catheter - AR, AL
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TIG – Tiger Catheter
Coronary angiography:
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Defination:
It is defined as the study of coronary
arteries, branches,collaterals, and treatment
stratergy for coranory artery disease with the help
of contrast medium under fluroscopy guidence.
Indications:
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Suspected CAD
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New onset angina
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Unstable Angina
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Positive TMT
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Myocardial Infraction
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Unstable angina post infract
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Congenital heart disease
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Valvular heart diseases
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Evaluation before major surgical procedures
Contraindications:
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Acute gastrointestinal Bleeding
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Anticoagulation disorder
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Electrolytes Imbalance
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Infection and Fever
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Medication Intoxication
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Pregnancy
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Renal Failure
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Uncontroled CHF, HTN, arrythmias
Materials Used:
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Puncture Needle
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Surgical Blade
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Sheath with Dilator 5F/6F
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Guide wire
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Manifold set and pressure line
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10 ml Syringe
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Diagnostic catheter
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Local Anasthesia – 1-2 % Xylocaine
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Contrast Medium – Omnipaque
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Pressure recording device
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Defibrillator
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ECG machine
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Pressure Injector
Complications:
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Bleeding
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Infection
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Heart Block
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Heart attack
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Cardiac perforation
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Contrast Reactions
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Death
Interventional Procedures:
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Balloon angioplasty or Percutaneous Transluminal
Coronary Angioplasty – PTCA
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Stenting
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Septal Closure devices
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Thrombectomy
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Balloon MitralValvuplasty
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Balloon Aortic Valvuplasty
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Atherectomy
Thank You..