How to read:

ABG (arterial blood gas)

-measures acidity or alkalinity of the arterial circulation

Normal values:

pH = 7.35-7.45

paCO2 (partial carbon dioxide) = 35-45

HCO3 (bicarbonate) = 22-26

paO2 (partial oxygen) = 80-100

PH = "acidity" or "alkalinity"

paCO2 = measurement of carbon dioxide "acid"

controlled by lungs

> 45=acidic, < 35 alkalosis

HCO3 = controlled by kidneys

"base"

> 26= base, <22= acid

paO2 = regulated by the lungs

to determine if the patient has hypoxemia

or none

Steps:

1. Identify if it is acidosis or alkalosis (pH)

2. Identify if it is respiratory or metabolic (CO2/ HCO3)

◇concept method◇

normal respiratory, abnormal kidney= metabolic

normal kidney, abnormal respiratory =respiratory

paCO2 "acid", HCO3 "base"

3. Identify if it is compensated or uncompensated

Ex.

1. pH 7.30=acidosis pH 7.50=alkalosis

2. pH 7.25 - respiratory acidosis

paCO2 50 -acidic

HCO3 24 -normal May problema sa lungs which is paCO2 kaya ang sagot ay respiratory acidosis

pH 7.56 -alkalosis

paCO2 37 -normal

HCO3 30 -metabolic alkalosis May problema sa kidney which is HCO3 kaya ang sagot ay metabolic
alkalosis

What is full compensation and partial compensation about:

▪️compensation :

•Kapag respiratory ang may problema, ang metabolic (HCO3) ang nag-aadjust. Remember, base ang
HCO3 kaya iniincrease niya ang respiratory acidosis para ma-neutralize. Dapat mataas yung increase.
Kabaligtaran sa respiratory alkalosis, dinidecrease ng HCO3 para ma-neutralize. Dapat mababa yung i-
decrease.

•Kapag metabolic ang may problema, ang respiratory (paCO2) ang nag-aadjust. Remember, acid ang
paCO2 kaya iniincrease niya ang metabolic alkalosis para ma-neutralize. Dapat mataas yung increase.
Kabaligtaran sa metabolic acidosis, dinidecrease ng HCO3 para ma-neutralize. Dapat mababa yung i-
decrease

3. Ex. pH 7.30 -acidosis

paCO2 50 -respi acidosis

HCO3 49 -meta alkalosis answer: respiratory

acidosis partial

compensation

Explanation: Ang pH level ay mababa, not within normal range kaya acidosis. Next, ang taas ng paCO2
kaya respiratory acidosis. Na-detect ng HCO3 o bicarbonate ang problem na respiratory acidosis kaya
nagcompensate ito by increasing yung acidosis to normalize. Kaso, hindi enough yun para ma-normalize
ang pH kaya partial compensation. That concludes bakit yun sagot.

Anyway, another example pa.

Ex. pH 7.50 -alkalosis

paCO2 51-respi acidosis

HCO3 41 -meta alkalosis answer: metabolic

alkalosis partial

compensation

Explanation: Ang pH level ay mataas, not within normal range kaya alkalosis. Next, ang taas ng HCO3
kaya metabolic alkalosis. Na-detect ng paCO2 o partial carbon dioxide ang problem na metabolic
alkalosis kaya nagcompensate ito by increasing yung alkalosis to normalize pH. Kaso, hindi enough yun
para ma-normalize ang pH kaya partial compensation. That concludes bakit yun sagot.

Another example:

pH 7.35 -normal

paCO2 49- acidosis

HCO3 30-meta alkalosis

answer:

respiratory acidosis full compensation

Explanation: Kapag normal ang pH, alamin ang patient's diagnosis to determine whether respiratory ba
o metabolic. PERO kapag walang diagnosis at yan lang given, gamitin acidic side/alkalotic side. The idea
is the more pH = alkalotic, the lesser pH = acidic kahit normal pH. (Btw, eto ginagamit ko eh to help me.
Kayo ba, paano nyo ginagawa?) Anyway continue, the normal pH ranges between 7.35-7.45. So, .35 to.
39 belongs to the lower half which is acidosis while .41 to .45 belongs to the higher half which is
alkalosis.