Introduction:

Background of Study:
Water level indicator used to express the level of water in water tank and boiler
etc. different types of water level indicator are available in market like
mechanical and electronics. They can apply as their order & condition to the
industries and domestic zones. This circuit not only indicates the amount of
water present in the tank but also gives an indication when the tank is full. As
the water continues to fill the tank, the LEDs light up gradually…[2]

Practical importance of project

The practical importance of water level indicator include the following
applications:…[1]
1. Water level measurement of pools and water tanks
2. Water level measurement of rivers and lakes
3. Marine level measurement
4. Level measurement of acid-base liquids
5. Oil level measurement of oil trucks and mailboxes
6. Swimming pool water level control
7. Tsunami warning and sea-level monitoring
8. Cooling tower water level control
9. Sewage pump level control
10. Remote monitoring of the liquid level

Challenges that can be encountered in a society where this project is not found
1. It can lead to overflow of water tanks due to lack of proper manual
monitoring of water.
2. It can also lead to bustage of pipes especially in Water board stations.
3. Repetition of budget or wastage of economy I.e finances will be spent in
buying new water facilities repeatedly.

Definition of water level indicator

The water level sensor is a device that measures the liquid level in a fixed
container that is too high or too low…[1]
Area of applications
Water level indicator used as different area as below.
 Home
 Building
 Textile market
 Power plant industries
 Solar heater
 Water distributor plant
 Stone and marble industries
 Food industries
 Small industries

Process involve in using a water level indicator

The operation of this project is very simple and can be understood easily. In our
project “water level indicator” there are 3main conditions:
1. There is no water available in the source tank.
2. Intermediate level i.e. either of 3rd to 7th level.
3. There is ample amount of water available in the source tank.
So let us discuss on the more about these 3 conditions
CONDITION 1: Water not available
When the tank is empty there is no conductive path between any of the 3
indicating probes so no signal is sent to the buzzer by the transistor.
CONDITION 2: Intermediate levels
Now as the water starts filling in the tank a conductive path is established
between the 1st probe connected to red led the common probe indicating the
water just started filling the tank and the corresponding transistors get sufficient
biasing at their base, they starts conducting and now an output signal will be
sent to the buzzer and the sound is heard.
 When the water reaches a certain level i.e medium level and it makes
contact with the yellow led conducting probes signal is sent to buzzer and sound
is heard.
CONDITION 3: Water full
When the tank becomes full, the top level probe gets the conductive path
through water and the corresponding transistor gets into conduction whose
output given to buzzer with the blue led lighting up notifying the user.

Significance of the project

The water level indicator circuits are used in factories, chemical plants, and
electrical substations and in other liquid storage systems. There are many
possible uses for this simple system, examples include monitoring a sump pit
(to control pump activation), rainfall detection, and leakage detection…[3]
Electronic water level circuits have the capability of alerting if there is a
water leak somewhere in the factory. When the water level is too high or too
low or exceeds the higher limit, it can detect the water level easily by hearing an
alarm sound or from different colors of a light bulb…[3]
We can also measure the fuel level in motor vehicles and the liquid level
containers which are huge in the companies…[3]

Scope of the project

1. The limitation of this water level detector is only in a prototype scale.
2. To make sure this prototype will active at danger level and give an alert.
3. The range for this prototype to detect the flood level is about 10cm for
warning and 20cm for dangerous condition.

Overview of the project work

The organization of this project report is well detailed and vast in its coverage it
covers all the activities encountered during the research work. The first chapter
of this work took care of the introduction, aims and objective, scope,
Justification and project report organization. Chapter two highlight on literature
review chapter three highlight on description of system and some of the
component used were emphasized chapter four highlight on the system design
and implementation, construction, testing and packaging of the project. Chapter
five is all about the conclusions problem encountered recommendation and cost
of the project…[5]

Chapter 2
History of Water Level Indicator
The first river flow measurements were made by Greek mathematicians and
mechanics C. Tesibios and then Heron of Alexandria (3rd century BC and 1st
century AD respectively). This was a work of no consequence, because in the
West, the principles and practice of hydrometry were then forgotten until the
Renaissance. In China, the first systematic water level surveys were reported to
have begun in 251 BC on an irrigation complex. In 1078, Fan Ziyuan presented
the principles of measuring a river flow in order to compare the water resources
available on several rivers.
The first surface speed measurements are taken on the Yellow River, using a
horse running on the bank at the same speed as the surface current, which was
followed by floats drifting along the river Nile level measurements have been
documented since 3000 BC; they announced, from the upstream of the first
cataract (towards Aswan), the rise and importance of the Nile flood as
indicators of the expected harvest. The Umayyads resumed observations around
725 and an almost continuous series of annual minima and maxima of the river
could be formed up to the contemporary era. But there was no notion of
quantifying the associated flow. We were only trying to anticipate possible food
crises, due to a lack of water for crops or destruction by large floods.

Referencing
[1]. Renkeer. (2021, Jun. 15). Water level sensor, what, how, where, benefit
types [online]. Available: https://www.renkeer.com/water-level-sensor-
definition-applications-benefits-types/.
[2]. JeyaKumar, K., AjaiSander, P., Eswaran, V. et al., ‘‘Review Article’’ water
level indicator using transistor bc547. Vol. 03, Issue 12, pp.2112-2115,
December, 2016.
[3]. Southern University and A&M College. ‘‘Water level indicator’’.[online].
May, 3rd, 2023. Available:
https://www.subr.edu/assets/subr/ElectricalEngineering/TargetedInfusion/
Files/ENGR-120_Water-Level-Indicator.pdf .
[4]. Loqman J, (April, 2, 2014). Objective and Scope [online]. Available:
https://prezi.com/fyt3xx6-lz6f/objective-scope/?fallback=1.
[5]. Abang O. ‘‘Construction of automatic water level controller For both
overhead and underground tanks,’’.Dept. of Elect. Elect. Eng., Faculty of
engineering caritas university Amorji-nike, enugu. August, 2013
[6]. Encyclopedia if the environment. ‘‘A brief history of hydrometry''.