C IFORNIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY'S

OF RARE AND ENDANGERED

PLANTS OF CALIFORNIA

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I' I

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 Mod ifiers to Abbreviations Used
The CN PS R-E-D Code Cou nties and Quad rangles in Species Descri ptions

• R - RARITY * extirpated
ACEC Area of Critical
? u ncertai nty about d istri bution Environmental Concern
1 Rare in Cal ifornia, but fou n d in
or identity
sufficient n u m bers and d istributed AFB Air Force Base
widely enough that the potential ?* u ncertainty about d istri bution, BA Botan ical Area
for extinction is low at this time but extirpated if once present
BLM Bureau of Land
2 Di stri b uted i n a l i m ited n u m ber (*?) occu rrence confirmed, Managem ent
of occurrences in Cal ifornia, but possibly exti rpated
CalTrans California De partment
occasionally more if each
ofTransportation
occurrence is small
Cyn . Canyon
3 Distrib uted in California in one to
Mod ifiers to H abitat Types DFG Cal iforn ia Department
several highly restricted occurrences,
of Fish and Game
or present in such small n u m bers
that it is seldo m reported (descriptor) DOD Un ited States
pertains o n ly to the habitat Department of Defense
im med iately preced ing ER Ecol ogical Reserve
• E - E N D AN G E RM E NT
/ descriptor Ft. Fort
1 Not very end angered in Cal i fornia pertains to all habitats preced ing HCP H abitat Conservation Plan
2 Fairly endangered in California Mt. Mount
3 Seriously endangered in Cal ifornia Mtn . Mou ntain
Mtns. Mou ntains
• D - D I STR I B UTI O N NA North America

M ore o r l ess widespread NF N ational Forest

outside Californ ia NM National Mon ument
2 Rare outside Cal iforn ia NP National Park

3 Endemic to Californ ia NS National Seashore

Pk. Peak
Pt. Point
RNA Research N atural Area
SP State Park
SR State Reserve
TN C The N ature Conservancy
USFS United States Forest Service
USFWS United States Fish
and Wildlife Service
WA Wild l i fe Area
 T H E C AL I FO R N I A N AT I V E PLA N T SOC I ETY

Rare Plant Scientific

Executive Cou ncil, 200 1 Advisory Com m ittee, 200 1

Sue Britting Barbara Ertter

PRESIDENT CHAIR

J i m Bishop Roxanne Bittman

The Cal iforn ia Native Plant Society VICE PRESIDENT, ADMINISTRATION Steve Boyd
gratefully acknowledges significant J oanna Clines
Steve Hartman
financial support for this project VICE PRESIDENT, FINANCE Beth Corbin
from the Chevron Corp oration, David Chi pp i n g To ni Core l l i
the Lawrence R. Heckard Endow­ VICE PRESIDENT, CONSERVATION Betty Guggolz
ment Fu nd of the J epson Herbari­ Ann Dennis Jennie Haas
um (awarded to Mark W. Skinner VICE P R ES I D ENT , RARE PLANTS Anne Halford
and Barbara Ertter on behalf of Deborah H i l l yard Steve Ingram
CN PS), the ARCO Fou n datio n , VICE PRESIDENT, VEGETATION David Kei l
Psomas a n d Associates, H u m boldt Carol Baird David Magney
State U n iversity Botany Students, CO-VICE PRESIDENT, EDUCATION
John McRae
Maynard Moe
Carlyn Halde, Gladys Baird , and Lorrae Fuentes
CO-VICE PRESIDENT, EDUCATION
Kathleen Nelson
Ben and Ruth Hammett.
Dan Norris
S usan D' Alcamo-Potter
The Cal ifornia Native Plam Society Brad O lson
CO-VICE PRESIDENT, PUBLICATIONS

is an organization of laypersons Jon Rebman

G reg j i rak Andy Sanders
and professionals un ited by an CO-VICE PRESIDENT, PUBLICATIONS
Robert Sc hl ising
interest in Californ ia plants. Mem­ David Magney Gary Schoolcraft
bershi p i n the Society is open to VICE PRESIDENT, LEGISLATION
J i m Shevock
everyone, and exists to conserve Will iam McCoy Teresa Sholars
and protect Cal iforn ia native plants VICE PRESIDENT, DEVELOPMENT
James P. Sm ith, J r.
in their natural habitat, and to Patt McDaniel Dean W. Taylor
educate mem bers and the public VICE PRESIDENT, CHAPTER RELATIONS
Dieter W i l ken
about the California Aora. CNPS J oan Stewart Carol Witham
achieves this throu g h the p u b l ica­ RECORDING SECRETARY

tion of ed ucational materials, d is­ Jake Sigg

PAST PRESIDENT
tri bution of scientific information,
promotion of l egal protection for Charl i Danielsen
DIRECTOR-AT-LARGE
rare plants and their habitats, local
advocacy for plant protection, and j ohn Game
DIRECTOR-AT-LARGE
fostering of appropriate horticul­
tural use of Cal iforn ia native Diana Hickson
DIRECTOR-AT-LARGE
plants.
Janell H i l l man
I nquiries concern ing mem bersh i p, DIRECTOR-AT-LARGE

other Society publications, and M a ry S i m pson

activities should be directed to DIRECTOR-AT-LARGE

C N PS, 1 722 J Street, Suite 1 7, Dirk Walters

DIRECTOR-AT·LARGE
Sacramento, CA 958 1 4. By phone:
9 1 6/447-2677, via emai l :
cnps@cnps. org, and o n the web: Allen Barnes
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
www.cnps.org.
I n ve nto ry of Rare a n d E n d a ngered P l a n ts of Cal i fo rn i a
 C AL I FO R N I A N AT I V E PLA N T SOC I ETY' S

INVENTORY
OF RA R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D

PLA N TS OF C AL I FO R N I A

Under the auspices and direction of the

Rare Plant Scientific Advisory Committee

California Native Plant Society

Convening Editor

DAVID P. TIBOR

Rare Plant Botanist, California Native Plant Society

lllustratations by Linda Ann Vorobik

I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D AN G E R E D P L A NT S O F C A L I F O R N I A
( S I XT H E D I T I O N )

Pu blished August 2 0 0 1 by the Californ ia Native Plant Society

Copyright© 2001 by the Califo rnia Native Plant Society. All rights reserved . Except for brief
g uotations, no part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or
mechanical means without the prior permission of the publisher. Reguests should be made
to CNPS, 1 72 2 J Street, Suite 1 7, Sacramento, CA 958 1 4; phone 9 1 6/447-2677.

Design and com position by Seventeenth Street Stud ios

Printed and bound in the U n ited States by Mal loy Lithographing

ISBN 0-943460-40-9
Library of Congress Control N u m ber: 2 00 1 09281 1

Publ ication i n any form of data from the CNPS Inventory ofRare and Endangered Plants
ofCalifornia m ust be accompanied by acknowledgment of the source. Please cite data as:
CN PS. 2 0 0 1 . Inventory ofRare and Endangered Plants ofCalifornia (sixth editi o n ) .
Rare Plant Scientific Advisory Com m i ttee, David P . Ti bor, Convening Editor.
California Native Plant Society. Sacramento, CA. x + 388pp.
 George Ledyard Stebbins, J r.
(January 6, 1906 -January 19, 2000)
George Ledyard Stebbins, Jr. was one
of the lead i ng plant evolutio nary biolo­
gists of the twentieth century. A pri­
mary architect of the evolutionary
synthesis of the 1 930s and 40s, his
1 950 volume Variation and Evolution in
Plants is stil l widely regarded as a land­
mark i n p lant systematic and evol u­
tionary biology. In addition to being a
leading theorist, Ledyard was also an
The sixth edition of the active conservationist. He spearheaded
C N PS Inventory of Rare many efforts to conserve native plants
and Endangered Plants of and their habitats, including those to
protect the famous " Evo l ution H i l l " on
California is dedi cated to the Monterey Pen insula ( now the S . F. B.
George Ledyard Stebbins, J r., Morse Botanical Area) . He served as
and M ary De Decker. the president of the Cal iforn ia Native
Plant Society from 1 966 to 1 972, and
was named a CN PS Fel l ow in 1 976.
Ledyard founded the C N PS Rare Plant
Program, which began i n 1 968 with his
card fi le of Cal ifornia plants of l i mited
distri bution. From these begin n i ngs the
CN PS Inventory was born, first appear­
ing i n 1 97 1 . H is theoretical contribu­
tions to our knowledge of botany and
evolutionary mechanisms, and his ded­
ication to the protection of our flora
and su pport for the Society, represent a
monu mental botanical legacy for wh ich
all who appreciate the great wealth and
d iversity of California's native flora may
be gratefu l .
M ary De Decker
(October 3, 1909 September 5, 2000)
-
Mary De Decker was a dedicated
botanist and ardent conservationist
fro m the Owens Val ley. Her botanical
efforts added i m m ensely to our knowl­
edge of the flora of eastern Californ ia,
and she eventually collected an herbar­
i u m of over 6,000 specimens (which
now resides at Rancho Santa Ana Bo­
tanic Garden). She discovered several
plant taxa new to science, incl uding
J u ly gold (Dedeckera eurekensis) and Fish
Slough m i l k-vetch (Astragalus lentiginosus
var. piscinensis). I n 1 984, the Society
publ ished the results of much of these
efforts in her Flora ofthe Northern Mojave
Desert. A stalwart conservationist,
she di d m uch to preserve the fragile
resources of the eastern S ierra and
nearby desert areas. H er effo rts were
instru mental in protecting the Owens
Val ley from damaging water exports
and the Eureka Dunes from degrada­
tion by off-road vehicles. Mary was
named a CNPS Fel l ow in 1 977, and
founded the Bristlecone Chapter of
CN PS in 1 982. Her knowledge of, dedi­
cation to, and l ove for the flora of our
state have been an inspiration to many,
and she wi l l be greatly missed .
 Conte nts

j
Acknowledgments IX

INTRODUCTION TO RARITY

Introd uction
Rarity in Vascular Plants 2
PEGGY L. FIEDLER

Rare B ryophytes in California s

JAMES R . SHEV O C K

B i b l i ography for Biol ogy and Conservation of Rare Plants 7

PEGGY L. FIEDLER AND JAMES P. SMITH, JR.

STATE LEVEL POLICY

Conserving Plants with Laws and Progra m s

unde r the California Departm ent of Fish and G a m e 12
SANDRA MOREY AND DIANE IKEDA

Plants Listed o r Candidates Und er

the Cal ifornia Endangered S pecies Act 17
The California N atural Diversity Database:
California's N atural H eritage Program 19
ROXANNE L. BITTMAN

The N atural Com m unities Program 21

TODD KEELER-WOLF

FEDERAL LEVEL POLICY

The Fed eral Endangered S pecies Act and

Rare Plant Protection in California 24
JIM A. BARTEL, JAN C. KNIGHT, AND DIANE ELAM

Plants Listed or Pro posed

Und er the Federal Endangered S pecies Act 30

S ensitive Plant M anagement on the

N ational Forests and G rassl ands in California 32
BRADLEY E . HOWELL

Rare Plant Conservation on

Bureau of Land Management Lands 35
JOHN WILLOUGHBY

VII
VIII CONTENTS

CNPS GUIDELINES AND PO LICIES

CNPS Botanical S u rvey G uide lines 38

CNPS Policies 41
Pol icy Regard ing Mitigation of I m pacts to Rare and Endangered Plants
Statement Opposing Transplantation as M i tigation for I m pacts to Rare Plants
Pol icy on Appropriate Appl icatio n of Ex Situ Conservation Tec h n iques
Policy with Regard to Plant Col lecting for Educational Purposes
Policy on Col lecting Guidelines and Docu mentation Tec h n iq ues
Pol icy on Nonvascu lar Plants

THE CNPS INVENTORY

H istory of the CN PS Rare Plant Program and Inventory 47

Numerical Analysis ofThis and Previou s Editions 50

Uses of the CN PS Inventory 52

The Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Plants of California 53
Basis for I nclusion
Scientifi c Names
Common Names
Fam i ly N ames
N omenclatural Usage
C N PS List
C N PS R-E-D Code
State and Federal Status
Distribution
Quadrangles
Habitat Types
Elevation
Life Form
Blooming Period
N otes

Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants of California 61

AP PENDIXES

I: Map a n d List of USGS 7. 5' Quadrangle Maps 293

II: Plants of List l A and List 3 , the Lists of Uncertainty 321
Ill: Plants b y Cou nty and Island 322
I V: Plants by Common Name 353
V: Plants by Fam i ly 372
VI: Plants New to this Edition 384
VI I : CN D D B California Native Species Field Su rvey Form 387
 Ackn owl e d g m e nts
he past ed itors of the Inventory,
Bob Powe l l , J ane Cole, John
Sawyer, J ames P. S m ith , J r. ,
and Bruce Pavli k, initially compi led
much of the information presented
herein. Rick York and Ken Berg, past
CNPS Botanists, co-edited various edi ­
tions and paved the way for prepara­
tion of this one. Former CN PS Botanist
Mark Skinner d eserves special notice
for his efforts during the early develop­
m ent of the sixth ed ition. H i s reviews
resulted in the identification of many
possible new additions and rankings
changes, and set the tone for the com­
prehensive revision that the sixth edi­
tion was to become.
We thank J i m Shevock, past Vice
President for Pl ant Programs, for his
d i rection and guidance during the early
years of development of this ed ition.
Current Vice President for Rare Plants
Ann Dennis has led the Rare Plant Pro­
gram since 1 997, and was responsible
for overseeing much of the develop­
m ent of this ed ition. Roy West assisted
with project management during the
production phase of this volume.
Special thanks go to the mem bers of
the Rare Plant Sci entific Advisory
Comm ittee ( RPSAC), who took on a
greatly expanded role during the d evel­
opment of this edition. Barbara Ert­
ter's oversight of the reorganization
and revital ization of RPSAC was criti­
cal. Regional mem bers scrutinized
d ata from their areas of the state and
led the regional data review efforts­
they are Steve Boyd , J oanna Cl ines,
Beth Corbin, Toni Core l l i, Mary
DeDecker (d ecease d ) , Betty Guggolz,
J ennie Haas, Ann e Halford, Steve
Ingra m , David Keil , J ohn M cRae, M ay-
nard Moe, Kath leen Ne lson, Brad
Olson, J on Rebm an, Andy Sanders,
Ro bert Schlising, Gary Schoolcraft,
J i m Shevock, Teresa Sholars, James P.
Sm ith, J r. , Dean Taylor, Di eter Wi l ken,
and Carol Witham .
Much of the painstaking and often
ted ious research involved in production
of this volume was performed by Rare
Plant Program assistants. Melissa
Kauffman devoted nearly two years to
the development of the sixth edition,
perform ing l ibrary and herbarium
research, determining distributions of
countless taxa, and checking the data
in a num ber of ways. Her efforts were
critical to the accu racy and comprehen­
siveness of this document. Karen Con­
verse was also instrumental in bringing
this ed ition to fruition. She performed a
wi de range of research and data man­
agement tasks, and her efforts were
greatly appreciated and highly valued.
Former CNPS Botanist Rick York assist­
ed with research on many of the newly
added taxa. Interns Alicia Cook and
Keith M i l ler performed detailed com­
parisons between datasets.
The curators and staff of the
herbaria at the University of Cal ifornia
at Berkeley, Davis, Riverside, and Santa
Barbara, Humboldt State University,
Chico State University, Sonoma State
University, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic
Garden, Santa Barbara Botanic Gar­
den, San Diego Natural H istory Muse­
um, and the Cal ifornia Academy of
Sciences made their coll ections and
libraries available to us at all ti mes, for
wh ic h we are most gratefu l . The volun­
teer research efforts ofJudy Gi bson,
Suzanne Granger, Julie Green, Evelyn
H ealy, Dave Silverman, and Chris
Walden are especially appreciated .
Richard Moe and Tony Morosco gra­
ciously faci l itated digital data acquisi­
tion fro m U C Berkeley / Jepson
Combined Herbaria via SMASCH .
Tony also performed a large amount of
essential literature research for new
add itions to the Inventory.
J i m Shevock led the efforts to incor­
porate nonvascular plant taxa into this
edition for the fi rst time, with extensive
assistance from Dan Norris. We greatly
appreciate their efforts to expand con­
servation concern to these i m portant
components of California's biod iversity.
The generosity of the Department of
Fish and Game (DFG) in sharing office
space and faci l ities since 1 982 has
made close collaboration with our
m ost i m portant partner a reality. We
thank DFG Natural Diversity Database
( CNDDB) staff Amy Kasameyer, Tim
N osal, and H eather Townsend for their
assistance and cooperation over the
years. Roxanne Bittman, the C N D D B
Botanist, deserves special recognition
for her close cooperation, encourage­
ment, and advice during all phases of
this proj ect. Roxanne performed
countl ess data reviews, hel ped faci li­
tate all of the regional RPSAC meet­
ings, and spent weeks following up on
taxonomy issues and other necessary
data. Even more so than previous edi­
tions, the sixth edition is a joint effort,
and we applaud this new level of coop­
eration with our valued partner
CNDDB, and with D FG as a whole.
We thank the staff at the DFG
Species Conservation and Recovery
Program , specifi cally Sandra Morey,
Diana H ickson, and Diane I keda, for
their assistance and cooperation.
IX
x ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Botan ical staff of the U .S . Fish and
Wildlife Service, The Nature Conser-
vancy, the U .S. Bureau of Land Man-
agement, the National Park Service,
the Cal ifornia Department of Parks
and Recreati on, the Cal ifornia Depart-
ment ofTransportati on, the California
Department of Food and Agriculture,
the Cal ifornia Energy Com m ission, and
the U.S. Forest Service a l l deserve spe-
cial recogn ition because of their many
contri butio ns, both of d ata and id eas.
The Forest Service's many dedicated
botanists are a nationwide model of
agency cooperation and data sharing.
We sincerely thank the contributors
of introductory articles for the sixth
edition: Jim A. Bartel, Roxanne L.
Bittman, Diane Elam, Peggy L. Fied ler,
Brad ley E. H owe l l , Diane I keda, Todd
Keeler-Wolf, Jan C. Kn ight, Sandra
Morey, J ames R. Shevock, James P.
S mith, J r. , and John Wi lloughby.
Rob Coman provided techn ical
assistance with database procedures.
Lora Kon de of DFG assisted with GI S
q ual ity control of our distributional
data. Gwen Davis ofThe Nature Con-
servancy provided new H eritage Pro-
gram ranki ngs and codes.
Last, but certai n ly not least, come
the contri butions of many i n d ividuals -
amateur and professional alike - upon
which th is Inventory is based . In t he list
below we specifically acknowledge the
help of those who made a special
effort on the current ed itio n . They are,
of course, add ing to a fou ndation b ui lt
by the hundreds of contributors to
past editions. We are pleased to
acknowledge the contri butions of:

Lowel l Ahart Virgi nia Dains Sylvia Haultain Larry Levi ne Dennis Odion Conni e Spenger
l l eene Anderson W.S. Davis R.T. Hawke Russ Lewis Robert Orn duff Fred Spro u l
Leonel Arguel l o Alva Day Kerry Heise Rich Lis ( d eceased) Veva Stansell
Phyl l is Ashmead Sally De Becker Mary Ann Henry Aaron Liston Vern Oswald Joh n Stebbins
Mark Bagley Bruce Delgado Deb H i l lyard John Little Bruce Parfitt Diane Steeck
Susan Bain bridge J i m Dice Jeri H i rsh berg M ickey Lo ng Bob Patterson Carrie Stewart
Bruce Baldwin J ohn Dittes Bob Ho l land David Magney Diane Payne Pat Stone
Blaze Baker Mark Dodero Pete H o l loran Sally Mann i ng Arn ie Peterson Janet Takara
M ichael Barbour M i ke Dolan Glen Ho lstein Jenny Marr And rea Pickart Chris Thayer
J i m Bartel Al isa Durgarian Wendy H ooper Craig Martz Rob Preston Tim Thomas
Robyn Battagl ia Steve Edwards Lisa Hoover Corky Matthews Barry Prigge Kathy Van Zuuk
Peter Baye Annie Eicher Jul ie Horenstei n Steve Matthews Mitch Provance J u l i e Vanderweir
Mitch Beaucham p Diane Elam Ann Howald Steve McCabe Roger Raiche Michael Vasey
Tony Bomkam p Scott Eliason Fred H rusa N iall McCarten Craig Reiser Dev Volgari no
Mona Bourell Kathy Erwi n Lori H u b bart H . P. McDonald James Reveal Sue Vri lakas
David Bramlet Susan Erwin Paula H u b bard Malcol m Mcleod Mary Rhyne Gary Wal lace
Angel ica Tina Fabula Dave I m per Dale McNeal Fred Roberts Jr. Denise Waterbury
Brinkm an-Busi Stan Farwig Dave Isle Joe Medeiro s J i m and G eo rgi e Clare Wh ee l er
Roy Buck B i l l Ferlatte Lawrence Janeway Ann Mend ers- Robinette Jennifer Wheeler
Richard Burgess Wayne Ferren Greg J i rak hausen Wayne Rol l e Scott White
Don Burk Peggy Fiedler Steve J u nak John Messina J. H awkeye Howie Wier
Eva Buxton Sarah Flowers J i m my Kagan Mary Meyer Rondeau (deceased)
Joe Cal l izo Allan Fone Jennifer Kalt Joe Molter Cynthia Roye Barbara Wi l l iams
Syd ney Carothers M i ke Foster Tod d Keeler-Wolf Peggy Moore Connie Rutherford Chuck Wil l iams
Barbara Castro Al Franklin Rob Kl inger J i m Morefield Jake Ruygt Margaret Wi l l its
Kenton Cham bers Sue Fritzke Jan Kn ight Randy Morgan All ison Sanger Ann Wil lyard
Zoe Chand i k Ken Ful l er Marla Kn ight Barbara Moritsch Vince Scheidt Barbara Wilson
Sarah Chaney Ty Garrison Walter Kn ight Larry Morse Douglas Schemske Scott Wil son
Katie Ch ess Matt Gause Jason Koontz Mai le Neel Clifford Schm idt Kirsten Winter
David Chipping Clare Golec Jeann in e Koshear Jim Nelson Stacy Scott Carl Wishner
George Clark J eff Greenhouse Tony LaBanca Julie Nelson Dave Showers Michael Wood
( d eceased) Mary Ann Griggs Dianne Lake Guy Nesom Mary Ann Showers Vern Yadon
Glen Clifton Jack Guggolz Meredith Lane Gail Newton Jake Sigg Dana York
Susan Cochrane Richard Hanes Melody Lard ner Vi rgi nia Norris J oe Si lviera David Zippin
Ronald Coleman Linnea Hanson Barbara Leitner (deceased) Alan Sm ith
Li ncoln Constance Clare Hard ham Brian LeNeve Patti Novak Doreen Smith
( d eceased) Sandy Hare Gordon Leppig Bart O' Brien Syd ney Sm ith
E l len Cyp her Steve Hartman Larry LePre Tom O berbauer Bob Soost

!I
 I n tro d u ct i o n
alifornia's flora is unusually
d iverse. About 6,300 vascular
plants - ferns and fern allies,
gym nosperms, and fl owering plants -
are native to California, more than we
fi n d in the entire north eastern U n ited
States and adj acent Canada, an area
ten times as large. There are also an
estim ated 750 native bryophytes -
mosses, l iverworts, and hornworts. The
wonderful d iversity of our landscapes
sets the stage for this d iversity of plant
li fe. With in the boundaries of this state
are extremes - from d eserts below sea
level to high alpine meadows, fro m
rain forests to arid succulent scrub. I n
addition, our state's complex geology
and topography produces a wi de d iver­
sity of soi l types. Widely contrasting
hab itat conditions closely juxtaposed
produce ample opportun ities for
genetic isolation and speciation. The
result has been impressive adaptive
radiations within such groups as Arc­
tostaphylos, Astragalus, Castilleja, Eriogon­
um, Lupinus, Mimulus, and many genera
i n the Asteraceae, to name only a few.
I ndeed , most of our rare plants are
specialists adapted to a particular
combi nation of cli mate and substrate
and many are mem bers of one of these
recently d iverging groups.
In addition to being unusually
d iverse, California's flora is outstand­
ing i n that more than a third of its
native species, subspecies, and varieties
are endemics - restricted to a particu­
lar l ocal ity or hab itat with in the state.
The h igh proportion of endem ics i n
our flora, a conseguence o f our unusu­
al cli mate and landscape, gives us a
special responsi b i lity - protecting a
large number of species that occur
nowhere else in the world.
Human i m pacts, i nc lud i ng urbaniza­
tion and agricultural conversion, alter­
ation of natural processes, and the
i ntroduction of nonnative plants and
animals, th reaten our rich flora. Rare
plants are i n herently vulnerable, since
even small losses can tip a rare species
toward extinctio n . Likewise vul nerable
are species that are dependent on spe­
cial ized habitats that are being frag­
mented , degraded, or completely
e l i m i nated. For exam ple, 90-95% of
our vernal pools are gone, and native
grasslands in the Central Val l ey occupy
only 1 % of their former extent. Much
of the coastal scrub of southern Cali­
forn ia has been urbanized , as have
other lowland regions of the state.
More i nsidious and operating over the
l onger term, human-caused alter­
ati ons i n the global c l i mate th reaten
to fundamentally alter the landscape
of Cal ifornia.
We rely on information as our most
effective conservation tool . For over 30
years, the CN PS Inventory has served as
a forum for regul ar review of the status
of rare pl ants by a broad body of scien­
tists and field botan ists, and as a
means of bringing that critical informa­
tion to the attention of regulatory
agencies and the co ncerned publ ic. In
Mimulus pictus
this way, the Inventory supports both
proactive conservation plan n i ng and
effective enforcement of environ mental
laws that protect rare species. Th e
Inventory also bui lds a foundation for
stewardship and conservation action
by celebrating the richness of Cal ifor­
nia's rare flora and by broadening our
understanding and appreciation of
these unique and endangered plants.
 l
Rarity i n Vascu lar Plants
P E G G Y L. F I E D L E R
ascular plants can be rare for
an astonish ing variety of rea­
sons. Broad ly speaking, how­
ever, a species is rare either because it
l ives in a very l i m ited habitat ( "natural"
rarity) or because its habitat has been
converted by humans to other uses
( "anthropogenic" rarity). Natural rari­
ties, therefore, are those species that
always have been rare during their evo­
lutionary history, or currently are rare
by today's standards. Anthropogenic
rarities are those species that may (or
may not!) have been widespread in the
historic past, but th rough relatively
recent negative interactions with
human populations, are greatly frag­
m ented, restricted to a few small,
i m peri led populations, or both. Each
general cl ass of rarity has its own set of
consequences that must be considered
for a rare species' conservation and
management.
Patte rns of Rarity
What d oes it mean to be rare?
Essential ly, using the word " rare" is a
statement about the geographic d is­
tri bution and population sizes of a
particular species. Rarity, in fact,
descri bes at least three different bio­
logical poss i b i l ities ( Figure 1 ). A rare
taxon can be A) b roadly d istri bu�ed ,
but never auundant where found ( e.g. ,
Cypripedium californicum); B) narrowly
d istributed or clumped, and abundant
where found ( e.g., Limnanthes bakeri);
or, C) narrowly distri buted or clumped,
and not abundant where found (e.g.,
Tuctoria mucronata) . Geograph i c distri­
butions of rarity also can include a
tem poral d i m ension, such that a rare
2
species is defined by its abundance,
d istribution, and persistence through
evolutionary time ( Fiedler and Aho use
1 9 9 2 ) . Patterns of di stribution and
abundance that classify rarity have
been descri bed genera l ly for animals
( M ayr 1 963 ) as wel l as for pl ants
( Drury 1 974, 1 980), but seldom have
they been app l i ed to specifi c problems
in biological conservation.
Consideration of such patterns of
distribution and abundance, coupled
with oth er inherent biological charac­
teristics, allows rare species to be
grouped into distinct classes. Cl assifi­
cations are essential to articulating
what d ifferences actually di stinguish
cl asses, in this case, of plant rarity,
ulti mately l ead ing to protection efforts
that can be tied expl icitly to individual
classes of rare species. For exam ple, a
particularly persuasive classifi cation of
natural rarities was proposed by Rabi­
nowitz ( 1 98 1 ), who expl icitly tied
habitat specific ity to geography and
Wide
Cypripedium californicum
A/
Tuctoria r;ucronata
I
Limnanthes bakeri
I
B parameters of an individual taxon to
Narrow C
Low ABUNDANCE High
Figure 1 . The term "rarity" is used to de­
scribe a spectrum of combinations of abun­
d ance and distri bution patterns. All of the
shaded area is often considered "rare"
(adapted from Fied ler and Ahouse 1 99 2 ) .
abundance ( Figure 2 ) . Th is system
identifies seven possible forms of rari­
ty, six of wh ich can be used to classify
rarities for floristic regions, as has
been done for the British Isles ( Rabi­
nowitz, Cairns, and Di l lon 1 9 86) , but
not yet for California. One of the l i m i ­
tations o f t h i s scheme, however, is that
the causes of rarity (e.g., l i m ited avail­
abil ity of suitable habitats) are not
di stinguished fro m the consequences of
rarity (e.g., loss of rare a l l eles). Both
cause and consequence have i m pl ica­
tions for rare plant management. The
goal of conserving biological d iversity
wi l l best be served if pol iticians, deve l­
opers, and conservationists recognize
that there are d i fferent types of rarity
am ong plants, and that each may
require a d i fferent form of protection
and management.
Causes of Rarity
Although rare pl ants can be classified
by different patterns of distribution and
abundance, as i l lustrated above, this
does not explain the many biological
and anth ropogenic factors causing
these patterns. Indeed, develo ping an
understanding into the causes of rarity
for any particular taxon can be
approached one of three ways (Gaston
1 994). Most com m only, researchers
investigate the biological and ecological
determine which l ife history traits l imit
a species' distribution and abundance.
Pavli k's work on Amsinckia grandiflora is
seminal in this regard ( Pavli k 1 994,
1 995; Pavl ik, N ickrent, and H owald
1 993). A second approach is to com­
pare the biology of rare taxa with closely

G E OG R A P H IC R A N G E
H AB I TAT S P EC I F IC I TY WIDE
Widespread taxa
LARGE, DOMINANT, COMMON P LANTS
LOCAL POPULATIONS
SMALL, NON-DOMINANT , S PARS E PLANTS
LOCAL POPULATIONS Achnatherum lettermanii
Table 1. Seven forms of rarity, after Rabinowitz (1981), with examples from the Cal i fornia flora.
related congeners. Fiedler's ( 1987)
work on Calochortus i n California, and
Karro n's ( 1987) work on Astragalus in
Colorado stand out, and together pro­
vided a model empirical framework for
u nderstanding rarity in an evolutionary
context. Animal ecologists recently have
championed this approach (see Ku nin
and Gaston 1997), although translat­
ing insights from rare animal taxa to
less mobile organisms, such as plants,
can be both l i m ited and inappropriate.
Lastly, a th ird approach, less wel l devel­
oped , is to search for the relationship
between a rare species' geographic
range and/or popu lation size and any
plausible factor that might cause rarity.
Gaston ( 1994) poi nts out that th is
approach is strictly correlative at spatial
and temporal scales where experimen­
tal support can not be sought.
Nearly a decade ago, Fied ler and
Ahouse ( 1992) identified thirteen gen­
e ral categories of factors that proba­
bly contri bute to rarity, i ncluding ten
that were related to the biology of rare
species and three that were related to
human activities. With i n each catego­
ry, they listed up to ten specific causes
of rarity. For example, the general cat­
egory " H u man Uses" i ncl udes the spe­
cific causes of horticultural trade,
aborigi nal uses, a species' role in
ancient and/or modern medicine, and
a species' rol e in past or present i n dus­
try; the general category of"Stochas­
ticity" includes both d e mographic and
environmental causes. There are l iter-
R A R I T Y I N VA S C U L A R P LA N T S
LARGE
N ARROW
Predictable taxa
Downingia humilis
Torreya californica
a l ly d ozens of causes that contri bute
to plant rarity, but the brief d iscussion
below emphasizes only the major
genetic expl anations.
I n Californ ia, many vascular plant
species are rare because they are either
new species ( i .e. , "neoendemics") or
old ones ( i . e . , " paleoendemics" ) .
Neoendemics are found frequently i n
geologically youthful habitats, and
often their rarity is partly a function of
their youth-i n some cases these plants
have not had ti me to expand their
range from their point of origin to their
climatic and geological l i m its. Such
taxa include mem bers of the Limnanthes
floccosa com plex from vernal pools, and
Linanthus arenicola and Oenothera californi­
ca ssp. eurekensis from the Mojave
Desert. Clarkia lingulata, of the Sierra
Nevada foothills, is another wel l-known
neoendem ic. In contrast, some of our
most famous rare or restricted species,
such as Abies bracteata, Carpenteria cali­
fornica, Lyonothamnus floribundus, Pin us
radiata, P. torreyana, and Sequoiadendron
giganteum are paleoendem ics that were
once more broadly d istri buted, but
have retreated to their current ranges i n
response t o dramatic climatic change.
Perhaps the most significant classifi­
cation of Cal iforn ia's rare species is
that of Stebbins and Major ( 1965),
who presented an extensive analysis of
Cal ifornia's endemic plants, many of
them rarities, in the flora. Their classifi­
cation is based upon taxon age, sys­
tematic position, and cytology, and
3
SMALL
WIDE N A R RO W
U n l i kely endemic taxa Endemic taxa
Allium munzii Calochortus tiburonensis
N ON-EX I STENT? Lathyrus jepsonii ssp. jepsonii
includes the class paleoendem ics, as
wel l as the classes schizoendemics,
patroendemics, and apoendemics.
Most representatives of the last three
categories are believed to be new
species, although some are of mod er­
ate or even relatively old age.
Sch izoendemics have more or less
s i m u ltaneo usly d iverged fro m a com­
mon ancestor, as have many of the rare
taxa in Ceonothus sect. Cerastes such as
Ceanothus roderickii and C. ophiochilus.
The remaining two categories are espe­
cial ly i m portant because they contain
most of California's rare species.
Patroendemics are d i ploid species of
l i m ited geographic d istri bution that
are related to, and probably ancestral
to, a more recent and widespread
species. Patroendem ics and their prob­
able descendants include, among
m any others, the very restricted
endemic Clarkia imbricata (n 8) and its
=
derivative po lyp lo id C. purpurea ( n =
26); Galium clematis ( n 11) and G. cali­
=
fornicum ( n 44, 66); and Tonestus (for­
=
merly Haplopappus) eximius ( n 9) and
=
T peirsonii ( n = 45). I n contrast to
patroendemics, apoendemics are
defi n ed as polyploids of l i m ited geo­
graphic distri bution that are either
sympatric or parapatric to more wide­
spread d i ploid (or lower degree poly­
ploid) species, from which they are
likely descended. Apoendemic pai rs
include the rare Dudleya saxosa ssp. sax­
osa ( n 68, 85) and its probable par­
=
ent 0. saxosa ssp. a/aides ( n 17), which
=
4 RARITY IN VASCULAR PLANTS
is also a rare plant; Lomatium repostum
( n 2 2 ) and L. lucidum ( n 11); and
= =
Pensternon heterodoxus var. shastensis ( n
= tions and/or habitat, become anthro­
2 2 ) and the more widespread P. hetero­
doxus var. heterodoxus ( n 8). Raven and
= protection and recovery.
Axelrod ( 1978) thoroughly sum m a­
rized the origin of California endem ics,
and Kruckeberg and Rabinowitz (1985)
discuss the biol ogy of endemic plant
species i n deta i l .
Many rare species i n California and
elsewhere are restricted to specific soil
types, and are therefore considered
"edaphic ende m ics. " The mechan ism
of plant adaptation and subsequent
restriction to unusual soils that gener­
ates edaphic endem ics may be complex,
but typ ically involves physiological tol­
erance to m i neral i m bal ances or toxic
m i neral s. Cal ifornia's serpentinite flora
is wel l known worldwide in this regard,
and it contains both common and rare
species, including 300 taxa in this
Inventory. Fam i l iar serpenti nite rarities
include Calochortus tiburonensis, Streptan­
thus morrisonii, and Hesperolinon, a genus
composed almost exclusively of rare
serpentinite endem ics. Kruckeberg's
( 1984) m onograph on Cal iforn ia ser­
penti n ite flora provides an excellent
starting point for understanding the
evolution, distri bution, and manage­
ment of plant species restricted to
these substrates.
Conclusion
Darwin ( 1859) wrote that rarity is
l i n ked inseparably with the exti nction
process. I ndeed, conservationist biolo­
gists have establ ished that, all else being
equal, rare species are more susceptible
to the risk of exti nction than widespread
taxa. I n Cal iforn ia, with so many rare
species and as many ideas about why
any one vascular plant species m ight be
rare, conservation biologists now agree
that only infrequently does a single
"cause" by itself truly explain why a
species is rare. I ndeed, many rare and
endangered species in Californ ia that
began as natural rarities have, th rough
one form or another of human-induced
detrimental changes in their popula­
pogenic rarities needing immediate
It is still i m possible at this time to
general ize about why species are rare
because rarity is - and not just from a
broad perspective - an idiosyncratic
bio logical attri bute. Having said this,
however, it is stil l vitally i m portant for
California's botanists to seek an under­
standing of the biology of our rare
species, to know the ge nesis of their
rarity, and to understand the current
th reats to rare species' persistence.
Armed with such knowledge, rare plant
taxa in Cal ifornia and elsewhere can be
more appropriately managed with
much better chances for long term sur­
viva l . Much work lies ahead for
botanists in Cal ifornia.
• LI T E R ATU R E C I T E D
Darwi n, C. 1 85 9 . O n the Origin ofSpecies by
Means ofNatural Selection, or The Preserva­
tion ofFavoured Races in the Struggle for Life.
John M u rray, London.
Dru ry, W. H . 1 974. Rare species. Biological
Conservation 6: 1 62-1 6 9 .
Drury, W. H . 1 980. Rare species o f plants.
Rhodora 82:3-48.
Fiedler, P.L. 1 987. Life history and popu la­
tion dynamics of rare and common mari­
posa l i l ies. journal ofEcology 7S: 977-995 .
Fied ler, P.L. , a n d J .J . Ahouse. 1 99 2 . H ierar­
c h i es of cause: Toward an u nderstand­
ing of rarity i n vascular plant species.
Pages 23-47 in P.L. Fiedler and S . K. Jain,
eds. Conservation Biology: The Theory and
Practice ofNature Conservation, Preservation
and Management. Chapman and Hall.
New York, NY.
Gaston, K.J . 1 994. Rarity. Popu lation and
Com mun ity Biology Series 1 3 . Chap­
man & Hall, New York. 205 pp.
Karron, J . D. 1 987. The poll ination ecology
of co-occurri ng geograph ically restricted
and widespread species of Astragalus
( Fabaceae) . Biological Conservation 3 9 :
1 79- 1 93 .
Kruckeberg, A . R. 1 984. Cal i fornia serpen­
tines: Flora, vegetation, geology, soi ls,
and management problems. University of
California Publications in Botany 78: 1 - 1 80.
Kruckeberg, A . R., and D. Rabinowitz. 1 985.
Biological aspects of endemism i n h igher
plants. Annual Review ofEcology and System­
atics 1 6:447-479.
Ku n i n , W. E. and K.J . Gaston, eds. 1 997.
The Biology ofRarity. Causes and Conse­
quences ofRare-Common Differences. Chap­
man & Hall, Lon d o n . 280 pp.
Mayr, E. 1 963. Animal Species and Evolution.
The Bel knap Press of Harvard U n iversity
Press. Cambridge, MA.
Pavl ik, B.M. 1 994. Demographic monitoring
and the recovery of endangered plants.
Pages 322-350 in M .C. Bowles and C.
Whelan, eds. Recovery and Restoration of
Endangered Species. Cam bridge U n iversity
Press. Cambridge, U K.
Pavlik, B.M. 1 99 5 . Th e recovery ofan endan­
gered plant I I . A three-phased approach
to restoring populations. Pages 49-69 in
K. M . Urbanska and K. Grodzinska, eds.
Restoration Ecology in Europe. Geobotanical
Institute SFIT. Zurich, Switzerland .
Pavli k, B. M . , D.L. Nickrent, a n d A . M .
Howald. 1 993. The recovery o f a n
endangered plant. I . Creating a new
popu lation of Amsinckia grandiflora. Con­
servation Biology 7: 5 1 O-S26.
Rab i nowitz, D. 1 98 1 . Seven forms of rarity.
Pages 2 05-2 1 7 in H. Synge, ed . The Bio­
logical Aspects ofRare Plant Conservation.
J o h n Wiley & Sons. New York, NY.
Rabinowitz, D., S. Cairns, and T. Dillon.
1 986. Seven forms of rarity and their fre­
quency i n the Aora of the British Isles.
Pages 1 82-204 in M. Sou le, ed . Conserva­
tion Biology: The Science ofScarcity and Diver­
sity. Si nauer Associates. Sunderland, MA.
Raven, P. H . , and D. I. Axelrod . 1 9 78. Ori­
gin and relationships of the California
Aora. University ofCalifornia Publications in
Botany 72: 1 - 1 34.
Stebbins, G . L. , and J . M ajor. 1 96 5 .
Endemism and speciation i n t h e Califor­
nia Aora. Ecological Monographs 3 5 : 1 -3 5 .
Peggy L . Fied ler is Professor i n the Depart­
m ent of Biology, San Francisco State U n i­
versity, San Francisco, CA 9 1 43 2 .
 j
Ra re Bryo p h ytes 1n Cal i fo rn i a
JA M E S R . SHEVO C K
ften overlooked b y amateur
and professional botan ists
a l i ke, bryophytes ( mosses,
liverworts, and hornworts) are
nonetheless highly i m portant in the
function of ecosystems a nd an i m por­
tant element in Cal iforn ia's plant d iver­
sity. Before this edition, bryophytes
had been excl uded from the CNPS
Inventory due to a lack of data neces­
sary to determ ine which species are
rare in Californ ia. The botanical histo­
ry ofbryop hyte collecting in Cal iforn ia
spans nearly 150 years, but for the
m ost part these efforts have not been
systematic. It has taken additional
fi eldwork to obtain enough speci mens
to determi n e the l i kely d istri bution of
species at the county and province
level. For the first time, we have suffi­
cient information to evaluate this plant
grou p with regards to rarity and
endangerment and the need for their
conservation in Cal ifornia. Th is is due
to the d evelopment of a bryoflora of
California by Dr. Dan Norris, based on
his extensive field collecting, along with
contri butions from other knowledge­
able experts.
Bryophytes grow on a wide variety of
substrates, includ ing exposed so i l ,
rocks, and trees, and some are even
completely aquatic. Bryophytes gener­
ally have m uch wider geographic
ranges than vascular plants. However,
they are typ ically restricted to more
specific m icrohabitats, causing them to
often have widely d isj u nct d istri bution
patterns, and are prone to local ized
extirpations. Like the flowerin g plants,
some are common and widespread
wh i l e others are q u ite rare. Examples of
California endemic and rare mosses
include Mielichhoferia tehamensis,
Orthotrichum shevockii, 0. spjutii, Schizy­
menium shevockii, and Triquetre!la califor­
nica. Rare liverworts include Geotha/lus
tuberosus and Sphaerocarpos drewei.
Because the majority of the 580+
mosses and 120+ l iverworts are not
endemic to California, most of our rare
bryophytes occur as representatives of
List 2 taxa ( rare, threatened, or endan­
gered i n Californi a but more common
elsewhere).
Vu lnerabil ity ofbryo phytes to envi­
ro nmental changes make them id eal
cand idates in both air and water pollu­
tion studies, as wel l as excel lent indica­
tors of c l i mate change. Lacking roots
and other complex water transport sys­
tems, bryophytes take in moisture
directly through the su rface of their
cells, and can be h ighly susceptible to
pollutants. Like the canary in the m ine,
bryophytes can al ert us to changing
cond itions, someti mes at very local
scales. Bryophytes also need to be able
to adapt to Cal ifornia's many varied
clim ates, from harsh desert environ­
ments to coastal rain forests. Many
species have developed drought toler­
ance mechanisms and strategies, and
some species are better adapted to
prolonged desiccation than others,
which leads to a better understan di ng
of the distri bution patterns observed in
Cal ifornia bryophytes. So the annual
am ount of rai nfall is not the key factor,
by rather, the frequency of rain
between periods of desiccation.
Lacking showy features l i ke flowers,
bryoph ytes are often perceived as diffi­
cult to identify. Whi le som e genera of
mosses are taxonom ically chal l enging,
they are no more d ifficult to i dentify
than some groups of flowering plants.
With practice and knowledge of termi­
nology for specific featu res used in
identification, bryophytes can be iden­
tified by amateur botan ists [see Fre­
montia 26(2): 3-8 ( 1998)]. A very
hel pfu l feature of m ost bryophyte taxa
is that they can be collected and stud­
ied in nearly any month of the year and
be i dentified in their vegetative (game­
tophytic) state. In bryophytes, the
reproductive structures (the sporo­
phyte generation) are rarely requi red
for species identification. However,
most bryophytes requ i re greater mag­
nification than a hand lens for identifi ­
cation to the species level.
Th e conservation of Cal ifornia
bryophytes is long overdue. With this
edition, we are able for the first time to
drop the 'Vascu lar' qualifier from the
title and call it simply Inventory ofRare
and Endangered Plants ofCalifornia.
Bryophytes i n the 6th edition
Anomobryum filiforme
Atractylocarpus flage/laceus
Bruchia bolanderi
Oidymodon norrisii
Oiscelium nudum
Entosthodon kochii
Fissidens aphelotaxifolius
Fissidens pauperculus
Geotha/lus tuberosus
He/odium blandowii
Meesia triquetra
Meesia uliginosa
Mielichhoferia elongata
Mielichhoferia tehamensis
Myure/la julacea
Orthotrichum shevockii
Orthotrichum spjutii
5
6 R A R E B RYO P H Y T E S I N C AL I F O R N I A

Pohlia tundrae
Pterygoneurum californicum
Schizymenium shevockii
Scopelophila cataractae
Sphaerocarpos drewei
'
Sphagnum strictum
Tay/aria lingulata
Torte/la a/pico/a
Tortu/a californica
Trichodon cylindricus
Triquetrella californica

James R. Shevock is the Associate Regional

Di rector, National Park Service, Pacific
West Region, 600 H arrison St., Su ite 600, ,J
San Francisco, CA 941 07- 1 372.
 Bi b l i ogra p hy fo r Bi o l ogy
j
a n d C o n s e rvat i o n of Ra re P l a nts
P E G G Y L. F I E D L E R A N D JA M E S P. S M I T H , J R .
h e l ist o f references that fo l­
lows is meant to provide you
with l iterature citations for
some of the standard Cal ifornia ftoras,
for statewi de treatments of rare and
endangered plants in California and
selected western states, for theoretical
and legal aspects of rarity and endan­
germent, for conservation biology and
the management of rare plant popula­
tio ns, and for descriptions of p lant
commun ities in California.
Floras
Abrams, L. R. 1 923- 1 960. An Illustrated Flora
ofthe Pacific States, Washington, Oregon and
California. Vol . 4 by R. Ferris. Stanford
Un iversity Press. Stanford, CA. 4 vols.
H ickman , J .C., ed . 1 99 3 . Thejepson Manual:
Higher Plants ofCalifornia. U n iversity of
Cal iforn ia Press. Berkeley, CA. 1 400 pp.
J epson, W. L. 1 92 5 . Manual ofthe Flowering
Plants of California. U n iversity of Califor­
nia Press. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA.
1 238 pp.
J epson, W. L. 1 907-1 979. A Flora ofCalifor­
nia. Vol . 4, Part 2 by L.T. Dem pster. J ep­
son Herbari u m and Li brary, U n iversity
of California at Berkeley. Berkeley, CA.
I ncom plete, in 4 vols.
M u nz, P.A. 1 959. A California Flora. I n col­
laboration with D.D. Keck. U n iversity of
Cal ifornia Press. Berkeley, CA. 1 68 1 pp.
M u nz, P.A. 1 968. Supplement to a California
Flora. U n iversity of California Press.
Berkeley, CA. 2 24 pp.
M u nz, P.A. 1 974. A Flora ofSouthern Califor­
nia. U n iversity of California Press. Berke­
ley, CA. 1 086 pp.
Rare Floras
Argus, G .W. and K.W. Argus. 1 990. Rare
Vascular Plants in Canada: Our Natural Her­
itage. Canadian M u seum of Nature.
Ottawa, Canada. 1 9 1 pp.
Ayensu, E.S. and R.A. DeFi lipps. 1 978.
Endangered and Threatened Plants ofthe
United States. Sm ithson ian I n stitution
and the World Wi ldlife Fu n d . Washi ng­
ton, D.C. 403 pp.
Cal ifornia Department of Fish and Game.
1 997. The Status ofRare, Threatened and
Endangered Animals and Plants ofCalifornia
- Annual Report for 1 996. The Resources
Agency, State of California. Sacramen­
to, CA. 1 9 1 pp.
California Departm ent of Fish and Game,
Natural Diversity Database. J u ly 2000.
Special Plants List. Bian nual publicatio n .
M i meo. 1 36 pp.
Colorado Native Plant Society. 1 989. Rare
Plants ofColorado. Rocky Mountai n
Nature Association. Rocky Mou ntai n
National Park. Estes Park, CO. 75 pp.
Eastman, D.C. 1 990. Rare and Endangered
Plants ofOregon. Beautiful America.
Wilsonvi l le, OR. 1 94 pp.
Kartesz, J .T. and R. Kartesz. 1 977. The Biota
ofNorth America - Part I. Vascular Plants.
Vol u m e 1 : Rare Plants. Biota of North
America Comm ittee. Pittsburgh, PA.
3 6 1 pp.
Mei n ke, R.j . 1 98 1 . Threatened and Endan­
gered Vascular Plants ofOregon: An Illustrat­
ed Guide. U .S. Fish and Wi ldl ife Service.
Office of Endangered Species. Portland,
OR. 353 pp.
Mozi ngo, H . N . and M. Wil l iams. 1 980.
Threatened and Endangered Plants ofNeva­
da: An Illustrated Manual. U.S. Fish &
Wi l d l ife Service and U.S. Bureau of Land
Management Office. 268 pp.
M urray, D. F. , and R. Li pki n . 1 987. Candi­
date Threatened and Endangered Plants of
Alaska With Comments on Other Rare
Plants. U n iversity of Alaska Muse u m .
Fai rbanks, AK. 76 pp.
Nevada Natural Heritage P rogra m . 2000.
Detailed Rare Plant List. M arch 2 , 2000
ed i ti o n . Carson City, NV. Nevada Natur­
al Heritage Program public web site at
www. state. nv. us/ nvn h p/plantsm l . htm
New Mexico Native Plant Protection Advi­
sory Comm ittee. 1 984. A Handbook of
Rare and Endemic Plants ofNew Mexico.
U n iversity of New Mexico Press. Al bu­
q uerq ue, N M . 2 9 1 pp.
O ' Kane, S . L . , J r. 1 988. Colorado's rare
Aora. Great Basin Naturalist 48: 434-484.
Oregon Natural Heritage Progra m . 1 99 8 .
Rare, Threatened and Endangered Species of
Oregon. Oregon Natural Heritage Pro­
gram. Portland, OR. 92 pp.
Powell, W.R., ed . 1 974. lnventory ofRare and
Endangered Vascular Plants ofCalifornia.
Special Publication No. 1 ( fi rst edition ) .
California Native Plant Society. Berkeley,
CA. i i i + 56 pp.
Sheehan, M. and R. Sch u l l er. 1 98 1 . An Illus­
trated Guide to Endangered, Threatened and
Sensitive Vascular Plants in Washington.
Wash i n gton Natural Heritage Program .
Olym pia, WA. 328 pp.
Sivinski, R. and K. Lightfoot, eds. 1 99 2 .
Inventory ofRare and Endangered Plants of
New Mexico. New Mexico Forestry and
Resources Conservation Division, M i n ­
erals and Natural Resou rces Depart­
ment. Santa Fe, N M . 58 pp.
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M acBryde, and L. Thomas. 1 98 3 . Genet­
ics and Conservation: A Reference for Manag­
ing Wild Animal and Plant Populations.
Benjamin/C u m m i ngs Pu blish ing Co.
Menlo Park, CA. 7 2 2 pp.
Simmons, J . B., R. I . Beyer, P. E. Brand ham,
G . L. Lucas, and V.T. H . Parry. 1 9 7 6 . Con­
servation of Threatened Plants. Plen u m
Press. N e w York, NY. 3 3 6 pp.
Soule, M. E., ed . Conservation Biolo:y:
1 986.
The Science ofScarcity and Diversity. Sinauer
Associates. Su nderland, MA. 584 pp.
Sutter, R. 1 996. Mon itoring. Pages
in D.A. Falk, C. M i l l ar, and
2 3 5 - 2 64
M . Olwell, eds. Restoring Diversity. Strate­
gies for Reintroduction ofEndangered Plants.
Synge, H . , ed . The Biological Aspects of
1 98 1 .
Rare Plant Conservation. J o h n Wiley &
Sons. New York, NY. Island Press. Cov­
elo, CA. 5 5 8 pp.
11
Western, D. and M . Pe�rl, eds. 1 989. Con­
servation for the Twenty-first Century.
Oxford U n iversity Press. New York, NY.
365 pp.
Wh ite, P.S. 1 9 9 6 . Spatial and biological
scales in reintrod ucti o n . Pages 49-8 6 in
D.A. Falk, C. M i l lar, and M . O lwel l , eds.
Restoring Diversity. Strategies for Reintroduc­
tion ofEndangered Plants. Island Press.
Covelo, CA.
Wi lson, E.O., ed. 1 988. Biodiversity. Nation­
al Academy Press. Wash i ngton, D.C.
5 2 1 pp.
Plant Com m u n ities
Barbour, M., and j . Major, eds. 1 9 8 8 . Ter­
restrial Vegetation ofCalifornia. 2nd edi­
tio n . Special Publication No. 9 .
California Native Plant Society. Sacra­
mento, CA. 1 00 2 pp. + Supplement.
Barbour, M., B. Pavl i k, F. Drysdale, and S.
Lindstrom. 1 9 9 3 . California's Changing
Landscapes: Diversity and Conservation of
California Vegetation. California Native
Plant Society. Sacramento, CA. 244 pp.
Californ ia Native Plant Society. 1 9 97. Cali­
fornia's Wild Gardens. A Living Legacy. Cali­
fornia Department offish and Game.
Sacramento, CA. 2 3 6 pp.
Cheatham, N . H . , and j . R. Hal ler.
1 9 7 5 . An
Annotated List of California Habitat Types.
Un iversity of California Natural Land
and Water Reserves System . Berkeley,
CA. 77 pp.
Dal l man, P.R.1 9 9 8 . Plant Life in the World's
Mediterranean Climates. Cal iforn ia Native
Plant Society, Sacramento, CA. 257 pp.
Holland, R.F. 1 98 6 . Preliminary Descriptions
ofthe Terrestrial Natural Communities of
California. No ngame-H eritage Program .
Californ ia Department of fish and
Game. Sacramento, CA. 1 5 6 pp.
Raven, P. H . and D. I . Axelrod.1 9 7 8 . Origin
and Relationships ofthe California Flora.
U n iversity of California Publ ications in
Botany Volume 7 2 . Berkeley, California.
1 34 pp.
Sawyer, J . O . and T. Keeler-Wolf.1 99 5 . A
Manual ofCalifornia Vegetation. California
Native Plant Society. Sacramento, CA.
471 pp.
 Co n se rv�n g P l a nts with Laws a n d
l
Programs Under the Department of Fish and Game
S A N D RA M O REY A N D D I A N E I K E D A
al ifornia's d iversity of native
plants is unequaled by any
other state in the Nation, a
reflection of its d iverse and varied land­
scapes and c l imates. As steward of the
State's wi l d l ife resources, the Depart­
ment of fish and Game ( DFG ) has
been worki ng for more than 20 years
to conserve Cal ifornia's native plants
and natural plant com m u n ities.
The DFG's m ission, "to manage Cal i­
fornia's d iverse fish, wi l d l ife, and plant
resources, and the habitats upon
which they depend, for their ecol ogical
val u es and for their use and enjoyment
by the p u b l ic," is a reflection of its
broad responsibilities, much expanded
fro m the time when DFG was known
prim arily for managing Californ ia's
wi ldlife for recreational hunti ng and
fishi ng. Today, amid the pressures
associated with human popu lati on
growth, economic expansion, and mul­
tiple and often confl icting land use
strategies, the DFG works cooperative­
ly with federal , state, and l ocal govern­
ments, busi nesses, conservation
organizations, and citizens to co nserve
all wi l d l ife, i nclud i ng native plant pop­
ulations and habitats.
Legal Framework
The legal framework and authority
for the State's program to conserve
plants is woven from four pieces of leg­
islatio n : the Californi a Endangered
S pecies Act ( C ESA) , the Native Plant
Protection Act ( N P PA), the California
Enviro nmental Qual ity Act ( C EQA),
and the Natural Community Conserva­
tion Planning Act ( N CCPA).
12
N ative Plant Protection Act
Th e Legislature formal ly recognized
the pl ight of rare and endangered
plants in 1977 with the passage of the
Native Plant Protection Act ( N PPA).
The N PPA di rects the DFG to carry out
the Legislature's i ntent to "preserve,
protect and enhance rare and endan­
gered plants i n this State. " The N PPA
gave the Californ i a Fish and Game
Comm ission the power to designate
native plants as endangered or rare,
and to require perm its for col lecting,
transporti ng, or sel l i ng such plants.
Cal iforn ia
Endangered S pecies Act
In 1984 the state Legislature enacted
the Californi a Endangered Species Act
(CESA) in recognition of the tremen­
dous threats facing California's native
plant and ani mal populations and
their habitats. Th is legislation declares
that d eserving plants and ani mals wi l l
b e given protection b y the state
because they are of ecological , educa­
tional, historical , recreational, aesthet­
ic, econom ic, and scientific val ue to
the people of the state. CESA estab­
l ished that it is state pol icy to co nserve,
protect, restore, and en hance endan­
gered and threatened species and their
habitats.
The CESA expanded upon the origi­
nal N P PA and enhanced legal protec­
tion for plants. To al ign with Federal
regulations, CESA created the cate­
gories of"threatened" and "endan­
gered" species. It converted all "rare"
ani mals i nto the Act as threatened
species, but did not do so for rare
plants. Thus, there are three l isti ng cat­
egories for plants in Cal ifornia: rare,
. th reatened, and endangered.
The fo l l owing defi nitions are found
with in the two acts ( Fish and Game
Code Sections 1901, 2062, and 2067).
A native species is endangered when
"its prospects of survival and reproduc­
tion are in i m m ed i ate jeopardy from
one or more causes." A native species
is threatened when "although not
presently threatened with exti nction, it
is l i kely to become an endangered
species in the foreseeable future in the
absence of the special protection and
management efforts . . . " A native plant
is rare when "although not presently
threatened with extincti on, it is in such
small n u m bers throughout its range
that it may become endangered if its
present enviro n m ent worsens." The
CESA also creates a "candidate" cate­
gory. A candidate is a taxon that has
been officially noticed by the Comm is­
sion as being under review by the DFG
for addition to the threatened or
endangered species lists.
C ESA also a l l ows the Department
to issue permits fo r scientific collect­
i ng and research activities and for the
take of cand idate and State-l isted
species that is i ncidental to otherwise
lawfu l activities.
Cal iforn ia
Envi ronme ntal Q u al ity Act
California has a strong state law that
provides for protection of species and
natural com mun ities d u ring the land
use plan n i ng process. Th is law is the
California Envi ron m ental Quality Act
(CEQA), enacted in 1970. CEQA

requ i res govern ment agencies to con­
sider and d iscl ose enviro n mental
i m pacts of projects and to avoid or
m itigate them where possible. U nder
CEQA, p u b l i c agencies m ust prepare
environmental documents to disclose
environ mental i m pacts ofa project
and to identify m itigation m easures
and proj ect alternatives. Through this
process, the public can review pro­
posed project plans and i nfl uence the
process thro ugh public comment.
N atu ral Com m u nity
Conservation Plan n i ng Act
In 1991, the Natural Comm u n ity
Conservation Planning Act ( N CCPA)
was enacted to promote long-term pro­
tection of species and habitats via
cooperative, landscape-level planning
( see Cooperative Conservation Planning sec­
tion below). The NCCPA authorizes the
d evelopment of Natural Com m u nity
Conservation Plans ( N CCP). An NCCP
plans for the conservation of natural
com m u nities by using an ecosystem
approach and encouragi ng coopera­
tion between private and government
i nterests. The plan identifies and pro­
vides for the regional or area wi de pro­
tection and perpetuation of plants,
ani mals, and their habitats, wh il e
allowing compati ble l a n d use a n d eco­
nomic activity. An NCCP seeks to antic­
ipate and prevent the controversies
caused by species l istings by focusing
on the long-term stability of natural
com m u n ities.
Approved NCCPs p rovi d e the basis
for issuance of state authorizations
fo r the take of species specifi cally
i d entifi ed in the p l a n , whether or not
a species is l i sted as threatened or
en dangered, and may p rovid e the
basis for issuance of fed eral endan­
gered species permits. I t is i m p ortant
to note that the NCCP p rocess mu st
ensure consistency with the fed eral
and state Endangered Species Acts.
C O N S E RV I N G P L A N T S W I T H
Programs
• HEA D Q UA RTERS P RO G RAMS
TO CO N S E RVE PLANTS
At the DFG's statewide headquarters
in Sacramento, programs that focus on
plant conservation are primarily within
the Habitat Conservation Division. The
N atural Diversity Database (CNDDB)
is one of the Department of Fish and
Game's most visi ble and successfu l
programs. The CNDDB tracks location
and status information on rare plants,
ani mals, and natural plant communi­
The California Natural Diversity
ties (see
Database i n this vol u me).
The Species Conservation and
Recovery Program provides i nforma­
tion and guidance on plant and ani mal
con servation from a statewide perspec­
tive to other Department programs
and to the publ ic. Th is program coor­
d inates statewide fu ndi ng for conser­
vation of rare, threatened, and
endangered plants, partici pates in
recovery planning, reviews l isting peti­
tions and legislati on, and provides bio­
l ogical i n put i nto landscape-level
conservation plan n i ng efforts such as
Natural Com m u n ities Conservation
Plans and H abitat Conservation Plans
( H CPs) ( see Cooperative Conservation
Planning section below).
• RE G I O N A L P ROG RAMS TO
CO N S E RV E P LANTS
Biologists and botanists i n the DFG's
six regions carry out diverse p lant con­
servation activities, focusing on "on­
the-ground" activities. They carry out
research, manage ment, and mon itor­
i ng programs for rare, th reatened, and
endangered plants, and guide habitat
restoration for native pl ants on
Department lands. They work with
l ocal govern ments and other partners
to see that plants are adequately pro­
tected in landscape-level planning
efforts such as NCCPs and HCPs,
advise the public on projects that m ay
i m pact or benefit native plant popula­
tions, review environmental docu-
LAWS A N D P R O G R A M S 13
me nts, partici pate i n recovery planning
programs, and develop educational
programs. Some of these activities are
descri bed below.
Plant Conservation Activities
A variety of fundi ng so urces is avail­
able to the DFG to promote recovery
of endangered plant popu lations and
to restore degraded habitats. Fund i ng
sources i nclude the Cal ifornia Endan­
gered Species Tax Check-Off Fu nd, U.S.
Fish and Wi l dl i fe Service support under
t h e Federal E n d ange re d S p ecies Act
Section 6 provisions for cooperation
with the states, the Tobacco Tax and
H ealth Initiative ( Proposition 99), the
Environm ental License Plate Fu nd , m it­
igation fu nds, and fu ndi ng under
CALFED Bay-Delta Program and the
Central Val l ey Proj ect I m provement Act
(CVPIA) .
H abitat Protection
Conserving species i n their natural
settings, their own habitat, is key to
ensuring their long-term survival. The
Department of Fish and Game protects,
mai ntains, and enhances plant and ani­
mal populations and natural communi­
ties through direct acquisition of
habitat, conservation easements on pri­
vate lands, and management agree­
ments with public and private agencies
and organizations. The Department
works with conservation partners
including CN PS, The Nature Conservan­
cy, local land trusts, U .S. Forest Service,
U.S. Bureau of land Management, U.S.
Fish and Wi ldlife Service, U.S. Bureau of
Reclamation, Cal ifornia Department of
Parks and Recreati on, and other public
agencies, organizations, and private
landowners to promote conservation of
all wil d l ife resources. The DFG acqui res,
leases, and manages su itable lands,
wh ich are approved by the Wi ldlife Con­
servation Board.
Currently, the Department adminis­
ters over 866,000 acres i n California,
14
m uch of which h as been designated by
the Fish and Game Comm ission as
Wi l d life Areas or Ecological Reserves.
Over 1 1 ,000 acres have been acq uired
in fee title specifically for the protec­
tion of endangered plant popu lati ons
and their hab itats. Examples of DFG
reserves that p rotect rare plants
i nclude Table Bl uff i n H u mboldt Coun­
ty, North Table M ou ntain i n Butte
Cou nty, Pine H i l l and Salmon Fal l s i n
E l Dorado Cou nty, Bonny Doon i n
Santa Cruz County, Ston e Corral Eco­
logical Reserve i n Tu lare County, the
Carrizo Plain in San Luis Obispo and
Kern cou nties, Baldwi n Lake in San
Bernard i n o County, and Sycuan Peak
in San Diego County. M a ny Depart­
ment lands acq u i red fo r other wil d l i fe
species also contai n populations of
rare plants or special n atural commu­
n ities. Fu n d i ng for acq uisitions com es
from a variety of sources, including
bond acts such as 1 988's Proposition
70 and the recently passed Safe N eigh­
borhood Parks, Clean Water, Clea n Air
and Coastal Protection Bond Act of
2000, NCCP fu nding for acq uisitions,
CVPIA fu n d i ng, and grant programs
such as the Enviro n mental Enhance­
ment and M itigation ( EEM) Program
and Tran sportation En hancement
Activities (TEA).
M anagement and Mon ito ri ng
Once habitat is legally protected ,
man agement of the habitat is usually
essential. Hab itat man agement m ight
entail removing i nvasive n o n n ative
plants or herbivores from rare plant
habitat, restoring drainage patterns to
an area, rerouti ng trai ls, changi ng the
timing of l ivestock grazing, cond ucting
prescribed burns, or carryi ng out other
actions that benefit n ative plant popu­
lations. Monitoring rare plant popul a­
tions over time to assess the effects of
m an agement actions and to detect
potential threats is a critical compo­
nent of any management progra m.
Efforts that promote collaboration
C O N S E RVING P LA N T S WITH LAWS AND PROGRAMS
and i ntegrate land conservation
actions with scientifically based stew­
ardsh ip and public outreach programs
are often the most successfu l .
The Departm ent is carryi ng out
active managem ent and mon itori ng
programs throughout the State. Exam­
ples i nclude a project to assess meth­
ods of contro l l ing i nvad ing plants i n
western l ily ( Lilium occidentale) habitat
i n H u m boldt County, im plementi ng
management prescri ptions to restore
vernal pool habitat for rare plants on
Department lands on the Santa Rosa
Plain in Sonoma County, and wo rking
with B LM and C N PS to m on itor popu­
l ations of rare plants at Al god ones
Dunes i n I m perial County.
Research
For many species and habitats, sci­
enti fic i nformation needed for sou nd
management is l acking. Th roughout
California, academic researchers at
u n iversities, m use ums, botanical gar­
dens, and private fo u ndations work
with the Department un der Memoran­
da of Und erstanding to answer q u es­
tions which m ay be i m portant to the
conservation of listed plant popu la­
tions. Research may focus o n popu la­
tion genetics, reprod uctive strategies of
plants, lo ng-term population trends,
habitat characterizatio n , or other top­
ics which may help gu ide conservation
and management decisions.
Examples of research incl ude analyz­
ing the effects of grazing on Tehama
Cou nty vernal pools; experi mentally
ma nip u l ating grassland hab itat for
Santa Cruz tarplant ( Holocarpha
macradenia) to control weedy grasses;
restoring d un e habitat for Menzies's
wal l flower (Erysimum menziesii), H ow­
ell's spineflower ( Chorizanthe howe!lii),
and western snowy pl over ( Charadrius
alexandrinus nivosus); and ch aracterizi ng
habitat and i n itiating recovery actions
for Ventura marsh m i l k-vetch (Astra­
galus pycnostachyus var. lanosissimus).
Recove ry
Although the DFG has not written
formal recovery plans for listed p l ants,
it partici pates with USFWS in the fed­
eral recovery plann i ng process. In addi­
tion, DFG holds recovery workshops
for listed pl ants i nvo lving acad emic
researchers, local landowners and
experts, govern m e n t agenci es, conser- ·
vation groups, and others to identify
actions that wi l l be needed to bring a
species to recovery. An example of an
ongoing recovery program i nvo lves two
plant species that occur o n the central
coast, marsh sandwort (Arenaria paludi­
cola) and Gambel's watercress ( Rorippa
gambelii). Most of the freshwater wet­
land hab itat for these species has been
lost, and groun dwater p u m p i ng, wet­
land fi l l i ng, and encroach ment of non­
n ative plants contin u e to pose threats.
As a result of recovery plan n i ng i nvolv­
i n g DFG, USFWS, academ ic experts,
l andowners, CN PS, and others, previ­
ously un known popu lations of these
species have been l ocated. I n additi o n,
researchers are i nvestigating th e l ife
h istory, hab itat characteristics, and
genetics of these species. Future work
wil l concentrate on fin d i ng suitable
habitat in Californ ia to establish addi­
tional populations.
Holocarpha rnacradenia

Coope rative
Conservation Plan n i ng
Cooperative conservation planning
for species and habitats via a land­
scape level approach is viewed by many
as the m ost biological ly so und and
effective approach. The goal of these
plan n i ng efforts is to protect areas
large enough to include the d iversity of
habitats and species and the ecological
processes they need to survive. Because
m any rare plants have very narrow d is­
tri butions, these conservation efforts
m ust be carefu l ly planned to i nclude
their habitat i n the p reserve areas.
Using sound science, landscape level
conservation planning h e l ps to recover
endangered species and preclude more
common species from decl in ing to the
point of endangerment. Th is col labo­
rative approach also provides l ocal
agencies with a powerfu l tool for land
use planning i n the face of Cal ifornia's
conti n u i ng population growth. Many
cooperative conservation plans are
u ndertaken in coord i nation with the
fed eral government through H abitat
Conservation Plans ( HCPs) or u nder
the state's Natural Comm u n ity Conser­
vation Plan n i ng ( NCCP) Program
(d escribed above). These plan n i ng
efforts bring together government
agencies, conservation organ izations
' Proposed Projects on Rare, Threatened, and
businesses, landowners, and l ocal
i nterests to protect both the species
and the i r habitats.
DFG is i nvolved in cooperative con­
servation plan n i ng efforts for plants
throughout California, including the
western Mojave Desert, western River­
side County, the Coach ella Val l ey, San
Diego, Orange, Kern, Placer, and Sacra­
m ento cou nties, and many others.
I n divi d u al Project Review
DFG regional biologists and
botanists work with project propo­
nents, l ocal governments, and other
agencies to see that land use changes
from ind ividual p rojects consider rare
plant populations and their habitats
C O N S E R V I N G P LA N T S W I T H L A W S A N D P R O G R A M S 15
and to design appropriate mitigation Listi ng
for unavoidable i m pacts. CEQA pro­
U nder State law, plant species may
vides protection not only for state-list­
be formally designated rare, threat­
ed species, but also for any species that
ened, or endangered by the Cali fornia
can be shown to meet the criteria for
Fish and Game Comm ission, a five­
state l isting (CEQA Guideli nes Section
m em ber board appointed by the Gov­
1 5380). A developm ent project that
ernor to establ ish the pol icies by which
has a potential to red uce the n u m ber
the DFG operates. State l isting is a way
or restrict the range of an endangered,
of formal ly recognizing the plight of a
rare, or th reatened species, or that
species and the need to protect its
threatens to eliminate a plant commu­
habitat. Once a species is officially l i st­
nity, req u i res the lead agency to make a
ed, it m ay have a greater chance of
mandatory fi nding of significance and
benefiting from funding, and listed
requ i re that an EIR be prepared (CEQA
plants are generally given greater atten­
Guideli nes Section 1 5 0 6 5 ) . The DFG
tion d u ring the land use plan n i ng
recognizes that Lists 1 A, 1 B, and 2 of
process by l ocal governments, public
the CN PS Inventory consist of plants
agencies, and landowners than are
that m ay qual ify for l isti ng, and the
plants that have not been l isted.
Department recom mends they be
State-listed threatened and endan­
addressed in CEQA projects. However,
gered species and designated candi­
a plant need not be in this Inventory to
dates are protected from removal
be considered a rare, th reate ned, or
except by permit or agreement from
endangered species under CEQA. I n
the DFG .
addition, t h e DFG recom mends, and
The CESA establ ishes a process by
local govern m ents may req u i re, protec­
which individuals, organ izations, or the
tion of plants which are regionally sig­
DFG can submit petitions to the Fish
nificant, such as locally rare species,
and Game Com m i ssion req uesting that
d isj unct populations of more common
a species, su bspecies, or variety of
plants, or plants on the CN PS Lists 3
plant or ani mal be added to, deleted
and 4.
from , or changed in status on the State
To guide documentation of potential
lists of rare, threatened, or endangered
i m pacts to plants, the DFG has ado pt­
species. The factors that contrib ute to
ed Guidelines for Assessing the Effects of
determ i n i ng the need to l ist a species
include the present or threatened mod­
Endangered Plants and Plant Communities
adapted fro m those prepared by C N P�
ification or destruction of habitat '
com petition, predation, d iseas�, over-
( now revised as Botanical Survey Guide­
exploitation by col lectors, or other nat­
lines, incl uded i n this vo l um e) . These
u ral occurrences or h u man-related
guidelines are given out to al l project
activities. Currently Cal ifornia has des­
proponents, lead agencies and the
ignated 2 1 6 plant species as rare,
i nterested public when they request
threatened, or endangered, and addi­
DFG partici pation or information .
tional species conti nue to be proposed
Over the years we have learned that
for State l isting. The l ist of rare, threat­
smal l , piecemeal m itigation efforts,
ened, and endangered plants can be
wh ich in the past typical ly involved the
found on the DFG's web site at
transplantation of endangered plant
www. dfg.ca.gov.
populations, have a low success rate.
It should be noted that the process
For fu l l m itigation of project im pacts,
to list s p ecies often takes in excess of a
t h e Department now favors t h e protec­
year to complete. Th e Department
tion of intact habitat and restoration of
encou rages interested parties to
degraded habitat, rather than relying on
engage in cooperative efforts to pro­
transplantation of plant populations.
tect plants where possi ble during this
16
time rather than waiting for a l isti ng to
take effect before taking n ecessary
actio n .
Public S u p port
Fu ndamental to Cal iforn ia's success
in conservi ng native plants and their
habitats is the support and involve­
ment of its citizens and organ izati ons
such as the Cal iforn ia N ative Plant
Society. Citizen i nvolvement is key to
the strength of the laws protecting
native plants, the abil ity of govern ment
agencies to i m plement and enforce the
laws, and most i m portantly, the partic­
ipation essential to carry out needed
conservation actions and fi nd solu­
tions to complex problems.
The DFG works to increase p u b l ic
C O N S E R V I N G P LA N T S W I T H LAWS A N D P R O G RA M S
awareness and support fo r native plant
conservation in a variety of ways. Pub­
lic outreach activities include develop­
ing i nterpretive materials at Wi l d l ife
Areas and Ecological Reserves, publ ish­
ing the monthly m agazine Outdoor Cali­
fornia, coord inati ng Project Wild ( a
program t o train public school teach­
ers), and leading the Endangered
Species Cam paign to enco u rage co ntri­
butions to the Endangered Species Tax
Check-Off Fu nd.
I n 1997, the DFG, in collaboration
with C N PS and the Cal iforn ia Academy
of Sciences, prod uced California's Wild
Gardens, A Living Legacy. Th is 2 36 page
book, with more than 500 color pho­
tographs, sh owcases the d iversity of
Cal iforn ia's native plants in their natu­
ral settings, and h igh l ights some of the
best and most floristica l ly i m portant
sites in the state. More than 1 00 of
Californ ia's botan ists and ecologists
from many different professional are­
nas contri buted to this book. Califor­
nia's Wild Gardens vi ews Cal ifornia as a
series of ecological regions, each hous­
ing a specialized flora. With i n these
regions smaller local ized areas, or " hot
spots" are featu red . Th is book is avail­
able through CN PS and at bookstores.
Sandra Morey is Ch ief of the Habitat Con­
servation Plan ning Branch, California
Department of Fish and Game, 1 4 1 6 N i nth
St., Sacramento, CA 9 5 8 1 4. Diane I keda
was Plant Ecologist in the Species Conser­
vation and Recovery Program , California
Department of Fish and Game, 1 4 1 6 Ninth
St., Sacramento, CA 9 5 8 1 4
 P l a n ts Li sted o r Ca n d i d ates U n d e r State Law
in us the five plants men­
tioned below, this list
incl udes the 2 1 6 native
plants that as ofJanuary 2001 have
been designated as Endangered (CE,
1 2 9 plants), Threatened (CT, 20
plants), Rare ( CR, 65 plants), or Can­
d i d ate ( CC, 2 plant) by the Fish and
Game Comm ission pursuant to Sec­
tion 1 904 ( Native Plant Protection Act
of 1 977) and Section 2074. 2 and
2075.5 (California Endangered Species
Act of 1 984) of the Fish and Game
Code. For additional informati on, con­
tact the S pecies Conservation and
Recovery Progra m , 1 41 6 N i nth Street,
Sacram ento, CA 958 1 4, or the nearest
Departm ent of Fish and Game office.
The fo l l owing State-listed taxa have
been rej ected from the sixth ed ition of
the Inventory for taxono m ic reasons,
and do not appear in the l ist below:
Arctostaphylos edmundsii var. parvifolia
(CR), Arctostaphylos pacifica (CE), Agrostis
blasdalei var. marinensis (CR), Caulanthus
stenocarpus (CR), and Mahonia sonnei
(CE). Erysimum menziesii (CE) h as been
split into three su bspecies in the Inven­
tory; all are protected by State law.
Note also that the li st below uses the
n omenclature adopted i n the Inventory,
which i n a few cases d i ffers from that
of the State of California. Entri es in
this Inventory give the name u n der
which a taxon is State-listed if it d iffers
from the name used here.
Acanthomintha duttonii (CE)
Acanthomintha ilicifolia (CE)
Allium munzii (CT)
Allium yosemitense (CR)
Amsinckia grandiflora (CE)
Arabis macdonaldiana (CE)
Arctostaphylos bakeri ssp. bakeri (CR)
Arctostaphylos densiflora (CE)
Arctostaphylos hookeri
ssp. hearstiorum (CE)
Arctostaphylos hookeri ssp. ravenii (CE)
Arctostaphylos imbricata (CE)
Arctostaphylos pa/Iida (CE)
Arenaria paludicola (CE)
Astragalus agnicidus (CE)
Astragalus clarianus (CT)
Astragalusjohannis-howellii (CR)
Astragalus lentiginosus
var. sesquimetralis (CE)
Astragalus magdalenae var. peirsonii (CE)
Astragalus monoensis var. monoensis (CR)
Astragalus pycnostachyus
var. lanosissimus (CE)
Astragalus tener var. titi (CE)
Astragalus traskiae ( CR)
Atriplex tularensis (CE)
Baccharis vanessae (CE)
Bensoniella oregona (CR)
Berberis nevinii ( CE)
Berberis pinnata ssp. insularis (CE)
Blennosperma bakeri (CE)
Blennosperma nanum var. robustum (CR)
Bloomeria humilis (CR)
Brodiaea coronaria ssp. rosea (CE)
Brodiaea filifolia (CE)
Brodiaea insignis (CE)
Brodiaea pa/Iida (CE)
Calamagrostis foliosa (CR)
Calochortus dunnii ( CR)
Calochortus persistens (C R)
Calochortus tiburonensis (CT)
Calystegia stebbinsii ( C E)
Carex albida (CE)
Carex tompkinsii (CR)
Carpenteria californica (CT)
Castilleja affinis ssp. neglecta (CT)
Castilleja campestris ssp. succulenta ( C E)
Castilleja gleasonii (CR)
Castilleja grisea (CE)
Castilleja uliginosa (CE)
Caulanthus californicus (CE)
Ceanothus hearstiorum (CR)
Ceanothus maritimus (CR)
Ceanothus masonii (CR)
Ceanothus ophiochilus (CE)
Ceanothus roderickii (CR)
Cercocarpus traskiae (CE)
Chlorogalum purpureum
var. reductum (CR)
Chorizanthe howellii (CT)
Chorizanthe orcuttiana (CE)
Chorizanthe parryi var. fernandina (CC)
Chorizanthe valida (CE)
Cirsium ciliolatum (CE)
Cirsium fontinale var. fontinale (CE)
Cirsium fontinale var. obispoense (CE)
Cirsium loncholepis (CT)
Cirsium rhothophilum (CT)
Clarkia franciscana (CE)
Clarkia imbricata (CE)
Clarkia lingulata (CE)
Clarkia speciosa ssp. immaculata (CR)
Clarkia springvillensis (CE)
Cordylanthus maritimus
ssp. maritimus (CE)
Cordy/an thus mollis ssp. mollis (CR)
Cordy/an thus nidularius (CR)
Cordylanthus palmatus ( C E)
Cordylanthus rigidus ssp. littoralis (CE)
Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. capillaris (CR)
Croton wigginsii ( CR)
Cryptantha roosiorum (CR)
Cupressus abramsiana (CE)
Dedeckera eurekensis (CR)
Deinandra arida ( CR)
Deinandra conjugens (CE)
17
18
Deinandra increscens ssp. villosa (CE)
Deinandra minthornii (CR)
Deinandra mohavensis (CE)
Delphinium bakeri (CR)
Delphinium hesperium
ssp. cuyamacae (CR)
Delphinium luteum (CR)
Delphinium variegatum ssp. kinkiense ( C E)
Dichanthe/ium lanuginosum
var. thermale (CE)
Dithyrea maritima (CT)
Dodecahema leptoceras (C E)
Downingia concolor var. brevior (CE)
Dudleya brevifo/ia (C E)
Dudleya cymosa ssp. marcescens (CR)
Dudleya nesiotica (CR)
Dudleya sto/onifera (CT)
Dudleya traskiae (CE)
Eriastrum densifolium ssp. sanctorum ( C E)
Eriastrum tracyi (CR)
Eriodictyon a/tissimum (CE)
Eriodictyon capita tum (CR)
Eriogonum alpinum (CE)
Eriogonum apricum var. apricum (CE)
Eriogonum apricum var. prostratum ( C E)
Eriogonum butterworthianum (CR)
Eriogonum crocatum (CR)
Eriogonum ericifo/ium var. thornei (CE)
Eriogonum giganteum var. compactum (CR)
Eriogonum grande var. timorum ( C E)
Eriogonum kellog,gii (C E)
Eriogonum twisse/mannii (CR)
Eriophyllum congdonii (CR)
Eriophyllum /ati/obum (CE)
Eryngium aristu/atum var. parish ii (CE)
Eryngium constancei (C E)
Eryngium racemosum (CE)
Erysimum capitatum ssp. angustatum ( C E)
Erysimum menziesii ssp. eurekense (CE)
Erysimum menziesii ssp. menziesii ( C E)
Erysimum menziesii ssp.yadonii ( C E)
Erysimum teretifolium (CE)
Fremontodendron decumbens (CR)
Fremontodendron mexicanum (CR)
FritiIlaria roderickii (CE)
Fritillaria striata (CT)
Galium angustifo/ium
ssp. borregoense (CR)
PLANTS LIST E D O R CA N DIDA T E S U N D E R STATE LAW
Galium buxifolium (CR)
Galium californicum ssp. sierrae (CR)
Galium catalinense ssp. acrispum (CE)
Cilia tenuiflora ssp. arenaria (CT)
Gratia/a heterosepala ( CE)
Helianthus niveus ssp. tephrodes (CE)
Hesperolinon congestum (CT)
Hesperolinon didymocarpum (CE)
Holocarpha macradenia (CE)
/vesia ca/Iida (CR)
Lasthenia burkei (CE)
Layia carnosa ( CE)
Lessingia germanorum (CE)
Lewisia congdonii (CR)
Lilaeopsis masonii (CR)
Lilium occidentale (CE)
Lilium pardalinum ssp. pitkinense (CE)
Limnanthes bakeri (CR)
Limnanthes douglasii ssp. sulphurea (CE)
Limnanthes floccosa ssp. ca/ifornica ( CE)
Limnanthes graci/is ssp. parish ii (CE)
Limnanthes vincu/ans (CE)
Lithophragma maximum (CE)
Lotus argophyllus var. adsurgens ( CE)
Lotus argophyllus var. niveus (CE)
Lotus dendroideus var. traskiae (CE)
Lupinus citrinus var. deflexus (CT)
Lupinus mi/o-bakeri (CT)
Lupinus nipomensis (CE)
Lupinus padre-crowleyi (CR)
Lupinus tidestromii (CE)
Machaeranthera asteroides
var. lagunensis (CR)
Malacothamnus c/ementinus ( CE)
Malacothamnus fascicu/atus
var. nesioticus (CE)
Maurandya petrophi/a (CR)
Monardella linoides ssp. viminea ( CE)
Navarretia /eucocepha/a
ssp. pauciflora (CT)
Navarretia /eucocepha/a ssp. plieantha (CE)
Nemac/adus twisse/mannii (CR)
Neostapfia co/usana ( CE)
Nitrophi/a mohavensis (CE)
Nolina interrata ( CE)
Oenothera californica ssp. eurekensis (CR)
Oenothera deltoides ssp. howellii ( CE)
Opuntia basilaris var. tre/easei (CE)
Orcuttia ca/ifornica (CE)
Orcuttia inaequalis (CE)
Orcuttia pilosa ( CE)
Orcuttia tenuis (CE)
Orcuttia viscida (CE)
Ornithostaphylos oppositifolia (CC)
Pedicularis dudleyi (CR)
Pentachaeta bellidiflora (CE)
Pentachaeta !yonii (CE)
Phlox hirsuta (CE)
Plagiobothrys diffusus (CE)
Plagiobothrys strictus (CT)
Pleuropogon hooverianus (CR)
Paa napensis (CE)
Pogog;;ne abramsii (CE)
Pogog;;ne clareana (CE)
Pogog;;ne nudiuscula (CE)
Potentilla hickmanii (CE)
Pseudobahia bahiifolia (CE)
Pseudobahia peirsonii (CE)
Rorippa gambe/ii (CT)
Rorippa subumbellata (CE)
Rosa minutifo/ia (CE)
Sanicula maritima ( C R)
Sanicu/a saxati/is (CR)
Sedella leiocarpa (CE)
Senecio ganderi (CR)
Senecio layneae (CR)
Sida/cea covillei (CE)
Sida/cea hickmanii ssp. anomala (CR)
Sida/cea hickmanii ssp. parishii (CR)
Sidalcea oregana ssp. va/ida (CE)
Sida/cea pedata (CE)
Sidalcea stipularis (CE)
Silene campanu/ata ssp. campanu/ata (CE)
Streptanthus niger (CE)
Swallenia alexandrae (CR)
Thelypodium stenopeta/um ( CE)
Thermopsis macrophylla (CR)
Trifo/ium polyodon ( CR)
Trifo/ium trichocalyx (CE)
Tuctoria greenei (CR)
Tuctoria mucronata (CE)
Verbena californica (CT)
Verbesina dissita (CT)
 Th e Cal i fo rn ia N atu ral D i ve rs i ty

j
Database: Cal i forn ia's N atu ra l H e ritage Program
ROXA N N E L. B I TT M A N

h e Cal ifornia N atural Diversity natural com m u n ities d u ring the appro­ cally contains a proposed project ( Fig­
Database (CNDDB) is part of priate time of year by qual ified biolo­ ure 1 ) This search revealed the pres­
.

the H ab itat Conservation
Plan n i ng Division of the California
Department of Fish and Game, and
serves to i nventory the l ocations of the
state's rarest species and n atu ral com­
m u n ities. Its goal is to help conserve
gists and ecologists. ence of several occurrences of a rare
Consider, for exam ple, the results of plant. The i m pacts on the biological
a search of the Middletown 7.5 m i n ute resources of this proposed project
quadrangle ( q uad) , which hypotheti- area can then be eval uated by the
C•lit:ornia Department of F i • h a n d Game

California's biotic d iversity by provid­ Na.tural Diversity Data Base

ing government agencies and the pri­ f'Ull Conden.ed Report - Kultiple Record• per Page
Middletown 7. S Minute Ouadrangle

vate sector with i nformation so that HESPEROL!NON BICAAPELU.T\JM

nJO-C>.RPELLATB lor!STKRN FLAX --Liat Status-NDDB Element R.&nka----t
-O her Lisee--

wise land-use d ecisions and reso u rce Klement Code · POLIN01 0 2 0 Federal : Glotn.l : G2 CNPS Liut:
R - B-0 Code :
18
2-2-3

management can occur. Th e CNDDB 1s

used to identify i m po rtant natural Micro:
SERPENTINE CHAPARRAL . KNOWN ONLY PROM LAKE,
SERPENTINE RARAENS AT KOOS OF CHA.PAAAAL .
NAPA AND SONOMA COUNTI ES .

areas, and also in project plann ing to Occurrence No. 10 Map lndex : 3 5 3 9 9 -Oates Last Seen­ Lat/Long : 38046'12· I 1220 53 ' 06• Township:
C>cc Ranlt: Element: 1953-05-26 Zone- 1 0 N4291131 8536046 Range:
avo id confl icts between envi ron mental
trn'l :
Origi n : Natural/Native occurrence Site: Precision: NON-SPECIFIC Section: XX Otr XX
Pre1ence : Pre11Ull'led Extant Symbol Type : Meridi a n : M

and development interests. Trend:

Main Source:
Unknown
SHARSMITH, H. #4136 UC IM212362 (HBRB)
2/5 mile 1000 ft

Quad .sw.:.&ry: MIDDLETOWN {3812275/5330)

C01.1nty 5'""""""r y: I>.U
SAA Swiaar y:

Using the CN D D B to
Location: NORnl:EAST OP MIDDLETOWN, 1 . 5 MILES EAST OP BU'l"!'S VALLEY ROAD ALONG HIGHWAY 53.
----oai.en
-< t•---

SERPENTINE CHAPARRAL .
Ohtribution: MAPPED ALONG HIGHWAY 53 NOR'I"HEAST OP JUNCTION Winl: BUTTS VAL.LEY ROAD .
Ecological:

Protect Rare Plant Popu l ations Threat :

General : TWO COLLECTIONS A'!"I"RIBUTED TO THIS SITE; SHAASMITH 14136 (UC) IN 1952 AND BACIGALUPI AND SWEENEY #4146 (UC) lN
195).
Owner /Ma.:iager :

There are many potential applica­

tions for the CNDDB records, but Occurrence No. ll
Excellent
Map Index : 3 5402 --Oates
Element :
Laat Seen--
1995 -0 6 -08
Lat/Long :
ln'M :
38<114 9 ' 11"
Zone - 1 0
/ 122<113 6 ' 2 5 "
N4296634 E534118
Tovnship :
Range :
llN
O?W
Origin: Natural/Native occurrence Site: 1995 -06 -0 8 Precieion: SPECIFIC Section: 10 Otr XX

those concern i ng land deve lopment Pi:-eaenc e :

Trend:
Prel\uaed Extant Syrr.bol Type : POLYGON Meridian:
Elevation:
M
1200 ft
PU.in Source: HCCAAT!lN, N. 1987 (OBS)

and environmental i m pact review are Quad SUl!aar y:

COWlty Sur:mary:
MlOOLBTOWN ()812275/5330)

especially i m portant. Rapid population

SNA Sw:aar y:
Location: 4.5 AIR MIL.ES NORTH OP MIDOLE:TOW1', EAST OP BIG CANYON CREEK ALONG SLOPES OF UNNAMED TRIBUTARY TO PUTAH CREEK.
----oame
-< nt•---

growth and economic expansion need Oiatribution:

Ecological:
SEVERAL COLONIES MAPPKD AS
GROWING ALONG KDGBS
'I"liO POLYGOSS AT CNDDB .
OP SBRPENTIITTI CHAPARRAL WITH ADl>NOSTOKA P.ASCICULATI1M, OUERCUS DURATA, CEANOTHUS JEPSONI l ,
AACTOST.APHYUOS , NHMACLAOOS HOITTANUS , irrC .

to be carefu l ly reconci led with protec­ General :

CA"ITL.B GRAZING, SOME SLOPE FAILURE
nfOOSANDS OP PLANTS OBS&RVXD BY NCCARTEN IN 1 9 8 5 ,
(LANDSLIDE) AND OLD ROADS.
PA.TTB.RSON
A
IN 1 9 8 5 ,
P l PELIWB PLANNED FOR AREA .
AND CUNBO IN 1 9 9 4 .
Ovner/Ma.nagei:-: lJNJCNOMN
tion of California's resource base, and
project developers must often consult occurrence No. ll Map Inde x : ) 5 4 0 0 --Oates Last Seen- Lat/Long : 38Gl46'l0" I 122034 ' 1 2 " Townehip: llN
Occ Rank : Unknown Element : 1978-07-19 lTn'I : Zone - 1 0 N4291683 E537349 Range : 06W

with the CNDDB. The devel oper, usu­ Origin:

Preaence:
Natural/Native occurrence
Pi:-e1umed Extant
Site: 1978-07-19 Preciaion:
Symbol Type :
SPECIFIC
POLYGON
Section:
Meridian :
XX O t r xx
M
Trend: UnkZlown Area: 51.6 ac Elevation: 1000 ft
a l ly with a specific geograp h ic location Ouad Surimary:
CRANE ,
MIDDLETOWN
N. 1978 (OBS)
(3812275/5310)

of concern , req uests information on COWlty SUrrmar y:

SNA SUl!l!Nry:
Location: ABOUT ) MILES NORTHR.AST OF MIDDLETOWN ALONG BOnl SIDES OF HIGHWAY Sl.

the rare plants, an i mals, and natural ----omne

-< nta---
WEST OP ANO SOUTH OF JUNCTION OF HIGHWAY 53 ANO GAMBLE ROAD . THREE COLONIES MAPPED AT CNDDB ; ONE DUE WEST OF
JUNCTION, ONE 0 . 2 MILR sotn'HWEST OF JCT, ANO ONE 0 . 6 MILES SOlJTil OP JCT.

communities that may occur at that Ecological: SERPEm'INE CHAPARRAL WITH .ADJACBNT' VA.LL.BY GRASSLAND .
H.ERSP&ROLINON SP, BRODI.ASA LA.XA, BROHUS RUBENS ,
ASSOCIATED WITH ERIOPHYLLUM LANATUM,
PES1UCA MICROSTAOfYS. CALAMAGROSTIS Nl.1I'KAENSIS,
A.LLIUM PALCIFOLlUM,
STREPTANTHUS ,

location. CN D D B data, along with Threat :

"' "" ·
GRAZING, RO.\DC\1f5 , &ROSION.
Gene r a l : 1000• Pl.M'TS OBSERVED IN 1978 IN COLONI&S ntA.T R.ANGKD IN SIZE PROM 50• TO 1000- IN SIZE.

data from the C N PS Inventory, thus OVriei:-/M�ger: umcNOWN

often constitute the fi rst cut for devel­

opers or their consultants when devis­
i n g a " p otentials list" of s p ecial p lants,
ani mals, and communities that may 05/16/2001 Government Vei:-sion Page l
Repo r t : Information dated 04/04/2001

occur in a project area. This is then fol ­

l owed b y su rveys for rare species and
Figure 1 . Sample C N D D B text output from a search of the Midd letown 7.5 q u adra ngle.

19

20
developers' consu ltants, and issues of
project feasibility, cost, and m itigation
can be adeguately addressed . If such
information is obtained early in the
plan n i ng process, needless conflicts,
stalled permits, and the costs of project
delay m ay all be avoided. It should be
emphasized that acg uisition ofCN DDB
data is not in itself sufficient to satisfy
the reg ui rements of the California Envi­
ronmental Quality Act. Biological sur­
veys, performed by g ua l ified personnel
at the appropriate ti me of year, are
essential to d ocu ment what is actually
present on the parcel of concern ( see
Botanical Survey Guidelines).
Citizens or conservation groups inter­
ested in the protection of biological
d iversity in California are also encour­
aged to use the CNDDB. Customers
can access the CNDDB in a n um ber of
ways, depend i ng on their needs. The
most popular way is by purchasing Rare­
Find ( now in its second edition), a
menu-based program which allows
access to all of the textual information
in the CNDDB. Data can be accessed by
searching for individual cou nties,
q uads, or taxa, and various reports are
possible. Another common way to
acq u ire CNDDB data is to request the
textual and graphic information for a
particular area (a quad, for example).
These data are presented as a vel l u m
overlay t o a specific topographic map
along with an accompanying text report
on the rare elements appearing on the
overlay. Simple l ists of rare plants and
I
C A L I F O R N I A N AT U R A L O V E R S I T Y D A TA B A S E
their status are available from our
web site (W'N'N.dfg.ca.gov/whdab/html/
cnddb.html) or as hard copy by tele­
phoning ( 9 1 6 ) 324-38 1 2 .
CNDDB information is avai lable on a
cost rei m b u rsement basis. The most
com mon users are conservation ists,
state and federal agencies, consu ltants,
and researchers. CNDDB data are
half-price for conservation organiza­
tions and other non-profit groups.
Often CNDDB reports are offered free
to citizens interested in re porting back
to us regard ing the current cond ition of
popu lations or stands of rare elements.
In general , C N D D B data for pl ants
are made availabl e to CN PS chapters
on a yearly basis. Some CNPS chapters
receive RareFind, and others receive
written reports, along with copies of
vel l u m overlays at the 1 : 1 00,000 scale.
You may req u est information fo r local
areas by contacting us at the address
below. Most req uests take about two
weeks to process. Req uests for l arge
amounts of data or special products
may requ i re special processi ng; contact
the CNDDB for detai ls.
U pdating the Database:
Contri b utions from the Field
As of May 2000, the CNDDB com­
p uter fi les contained approxi m ately
1 7 ,553 records on 1 ,209 plants ( out of
1 , 784 plants on the Special Plants l ist) ,
1 6,094 records on 437 ani mals ( out of
6 5 1 anim als on the Special Animals
l ist) and 2,635 records on 1 47 of our
most endangered natu ral com m u n ities
( out of the approximately 61 9 rare nat­
u ral com m u n ities on the l ist). Biolo­
gists throughout the state have
contri buted to col lection of th ese data
which descri be the locations, ecology,
and status of these elements. The origi­
nal data set for plants largely stemmed
from herbari u m records from institu­
tions such as the Un iversity of Califor­
nia Berkeley, Californ i a Acad emy of
Sci ences, U .C. Riverside, Rancho Santa
Ana Botanic Garden, H u m bo ldt State
U n iversity, and others. Recent, u pdat­
ed plant location data comes largely
from su rveys done by mem bers of the
California Native Plant Society, agency
biologists, and consu ltants. Data con­
tri b utions are strongly encouraged .
To contribute information on popu­
lation fl uctuations, new locations, and
hab itat integrity, we encou rage you to
use the California Native Species Field
Survey Form ( in this vol u m e or at
W'N'N. dfg. ca.gov/whdab/html/cnddb. html).
We have new and improved versions of
the forms for both species and natural
communities available to a l l . Attaching
a location map to the form is essential
to ensure that we accurately enter the
information into the computer.
Roxanne Bittman is the Botanist at the Cal­
ifornia Natural Diversity Database, Depart­
ment of Fish and Game, 1 4 1 6 N inth St.,
1 2th Floor, Sacramento, CA 9 5 8 1 4 .
 j
Th e N atu ra l C o m m u n i t i e s P rogra m
TO D D K E E L E R-WO L F
S
i nce its in ception, the Califor­
nia Natura l Diversity Database
( C N D DB ) Natura l Comm u ni­
ties Program h as had the respo nsibility
of mainta i n i ng up-to-date records of
the state's rare natural commun ities.
This is a separate function from that of
the CN D D B rare plant p rogra m , but is
i n every way analogous. The rationale
for mai ntai ni ng an i nventory of natural
communities in conj u nction with indi­
vidual species is grounded i n the phi­
l osophy of the community as an
amalgamation of species i nteracting
within a common physical environ­
ment (an ecosystem ) . As such, the
community responds to n atural or
u n n atural environmental changes and
can be thought of as an ind icator of
the overall health of the ecosystem and
its com ponent species.
The n atural com m u n ities i nventory
is a ki nd of coarse fi lter, which main­
tains surve i l lance on a b roader spec­
tru m of b iological d iversity than can
be accom p l ished through mon itoring
o n ly the i n d ivid u al rare species. N atur­
al com m u n ities have a n u m ber of d i f­
ferent attri butes than i n d ividual
speci es:
• They are usually more physically
defi ned than populations of ind ivid­
ual species, i nclud i ng a given struc­
ture and d iscernable edges or
transitions to adj acent commu n ities.
• They reflect d i stinct environmental
conditions defined by the gro u p of
species of which they are composed .
Th us, they can be considered ecolog­
ical u n its, rather than j ust assem­
blages of species.
• They typically cover a n area of mod-
erate size ( from one to several hun­
dred acres).
• They often form physical un its that
are treated as hab itats by animals
and plants and are thus the most
tangible su rrogates for ecosystems.
Such attri butes enable them to be
mapped using remote sensing tools
such as aerial photography or satel l ite
imagery. M apping the d istri bution of
n atural comm unities local ly, regional ly,
and statewi de gives conservation ists
and resou rce managers a val uable tool
to u nderstand the range of natural
ecosystems, their abundance, and their
relative secu rity.
Defi n i ng Natu ral Com m u n ities
Although they are complex assem ­
blages of species, com m u n ities do
share certain simi larities with species.
Like species, some com m u n ities are
com m on, some are natura l ly rare, and
some have become rare as a result of
anthropogenic influences. California's
enviro n mental variation is extreme,
from coast to mou ntains to deserts,
from sand to serpentine outcrops to
flooded alka l i ne si nks. Like plants, a
given natural community typically occurs
i n o n ly a small portion of this environ­
mental spectrum , and species com po­
sition in d ifferent com m u n ities varies
widely and is often no n-overlapping.
The conseq uence of th is diversity, cou­
pled with a vast range of detrimental
im pacts, is that some com m u nities
contain a wealth of rare species and
are in d ee d rare th e mselves, wh ile other
com m u n ities are rare but do not con­
tain rare species. Although the CN D D B
maintains records for o n ly t h e rare
types, the classification system we use
considers all of Californ ia's natura lly
occurri ng comm u n ities.
H ow does one go about defi ning
and classifying all the n atural commu­
n ities of Californ ia? The history of clas­
sification in the state h as been long
and varied (see discussion in Sawyer
and Keeler-Wolf 1 995). As more
emphasis has been placed on q uantita­
tive defensible defi n itions that wil l hold
up under scientifi c scrutiny or even in
court, a concom itant amount o f
em phasis has been p laced on replacing
an anecdotal classification of commu­
n ities with a quantitative one. I n 1 9 95
CN PS publ ished the first edition ofA
Manual ofCalifornia Vegetation ( M CV).
The classification therein is an effort to
bring the defi n itions of California natu­
ral com m u n ities into a more q uantita­
tive rea l m (see davisherb.ucdavis. edu/
cnpsActiveServer/index.html).
Prior to the development of the classi­
fication embodied in the MCV, classifi­
cation of natural com munities was a
hodge-podge. Many natural com m uni­
ties have been defined by their domi­
nant or characteristic plant species.
Examples include Redwood Forest, Blue
Oak Woodland, and Purple Needlegrass
Grassland. Others have been defi ned on
a generalized habitat basis, including
Southern Maritime Chaparral, G reat
Valley M ixed Riparian Forest, and M ixed
Moj ave Scrub. Although habitats have
names we can identify with, we need
quantitative defi nitions in order to ade­
quately identify and evaluate natural
com m u n ities. Thus, a serious effort has
been m ade over the past several years to
define vegetation based on its floristic
composition.
Since the publication ofthe last CN PS
21
22 T H E N AT U R A L C O M M U N I T I E S P R O G R A M

Inventory, the CNDDB community classi­
fication has m oved from a habitat­
based approach to a more floristic
approach. Th is bri ngs CNDDB in line
with the MCV and the compatible
National Vegetation Classification,
spearheaded by The Nature Conservan­
cy (Grossman et al 1 998). The cu rrent
list of n atural commun ities is now a
floristical ly based system (see footnote),
wh ich has been related at higher levels
of the hierarchy into habitat categories,
in keeping with the previous Holland
( 1 986) classification. Table 1 displays a
portion of the classification.
Th is coding system bears a general
si m i l arity to the H o l l and ( 1 986) coding
system with which m any are fam i l iar.
Add ing two d igits on the right, refer­
ri ng to the associati on level in the clas­
sifi cation, has expanded the n u m bering
system . The middle triplet refers to the
all iance level wh ile the pair of d igits on
the left is a general habitat d escri ptor
analogous to the u pper levels i n the
Hol land hi erarchy. We feel this system
affo rds a better way of standardizing
the descri ptions of natural comm uni­
ties based on d om inant and character­
istic plant species. It also mai ntains the
habitat-based approach that many
fi nd the m ost tangible means to relate
to natural com m u nities.
The result o f this restructuring o f the
CN DDB classification indicates where
further work is needed in fl oristic and
q u antitative defin ition of the natural
commu nities. By perusing the classifi­
cation list ( available from CNDDB),
one can see the rich development of
certain portions and the paucity of
flo ristic information in other parts of
the classificatio n . Th e greatest amount
of detailed classification work has
taken place on U .S . Forest Service
lands ( USFS) . Th is is due to the need
for USFS land managers to understand
the specific variation within fo rest and
chaparral vegetation for the m ost effi­
cient and productive land manage­
ment. H owever, the amount of
fl oristical ly-based d ata on vegetati on
throughout the state has greatly
increased over the last few years. Th is
means a more even level of resolution
i n classification fo r a l arger area of Cal­
iforn i a, and provides a more sec ure
basis from which to do conservation of
a l l n atu ral com m u n ities in the state.
Vegetation Map p ing
and N atural Com m u nity
Defi n ition and Classification
Using quantitatively-based vegeta­
tion classificati on methods, we can
now system atically classify and map
the vegetation of California. I n order to
define mapping units, we need to sample
vegetation from selected sites through­
out the m apping areas. CNPS has devel­
oped detailed protocols to do this (see
www.cnps.org!vegetation/protocol. htm). The
data coll ected from these surveys has
been entered i nto a statewide d atabase
for vegetation sam ple plots, arch ived
at CNDDB. These data are then ana­
lyzed and the resulting classifications
used to label the mapping polygons.
There has been a great increase in the
amount of vegetation m apped at a fi ne
scale throughout California i n the past
few years. Projects to map at the
alliance and/or association level have
been or are c urrently being cond ucted
in most of the Californ ia M ojave
Desert, Anza- Borrego Desert,
Yosem ite, Sequoia, and Ki ngs Canyon
National Parks, Poi nt Reyes N ational
Seashore, Golden Gate N ational
Recreation Area, and Suisun Marsh,
among other areas. This work is lead­
ing to a m uch more complete under­
stand ing of the statewi de array of
vegetation and natural com m u n ities.
Th e concom itant classifi cati on and
mapping of vegetati on is provi ng a
very efficient means of obta i n i ng both
detai l ed cl assifications and l ocations
of all natural com m un ities.

4 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 G R A S S & H E RB D O M I N A T E D C O M M U N I T I E S
Beyond Rare Comm u n ity
Conservation to Rep resentative
41 .000.00 Native Grassland
Com m u nity Conservation
41 .01 0.00 Alka l i Sacaton B u nchgrass G rassland [Sporobolus
airoides]{ 4 2 1 20} Prior to the systematic approach of
41 .020.00 Ashy Ryegrass Bu nchgrass Grassland [ Leymus cinereus] mapping and classifying al l vegetation
41 .030.00 Big Galleta B u nchgrass Grassland [Pleuraphis rigida]
in a given area, the primary method of
natural co m m u n ity conservatio n has
4 1 . 04 0 . 0 0 Bluebunch Wheatgrass Bunchgrass Grassland [E(ymus spicatus]
been through identifying rare types of
41 .050 .00 California Oatgrass B u nch grass Grassland [ Danthonia californica]
vegetation and targeting those for con­
4 1 .050.01 California Oatgrass-Tall-Oatgrass [ Danthonia californica­ servation priorities. Although we cer­
Arrhenatherum elatius] ( Gren ier 1 98 9 ) tai nly need to identify and protect
41 .050.02 Sq u i rreltai I-Cal i forn ia Oatgrass [ E(ymus e(ymoides-Danthonia these rare commu nities, bypassing a
californica] (Stuart et al. 1 99 2 ) more thorough understanding of all
natural com m u n ities i n the state, com­
41 .050.03 California Oatgrass-Pull-up M u h ly [Danthonia californica­
mon-to-rare, has had some serious
Muhlenbergia fi/iformis] ( He l m s & Ratliff 1 987)
d rawbacks. These include:
Table 1. Sample portion of C N D D B com m u nity classification.

• M issing certain rare com m u n ity
types that are n ot easily identified by
casual visual inspection.
• Ignoring entire com m u n ity types
that, though relatively widespread
and/or common, m ay be d ecl ining
d u e to various factors.
• Focusing ecosystem-level conserva­
tion efforts on rare com m u n ity
types, when common and wide­
spread types are l i kely to be more
i m portant for overall biodiversity
conservation.
Furthermore, rarity as is classically
descri bed is not as all-encom passing as
we m ight l i ke. Rarity of natural com m u­
n ities can include com m u nities that
contai n rare species as their key charac­
teristic. Examples include lone Man­
zanita Chaparral, Southern Maritime
Chaparral, Crucifixi on Thorn Wood­
land, and various vernal pool types.
Rare communities can also have u n usu­
al m ixtures of common species such as
Klamath Enriched Conifer Forest or San
Ben ito Mountain Unique Stands. They
can also include once common com­
m u nities that have been red uced to
local rem nants, such as N eedl egrass
Grassland, Great Basin Grasslands, and
Valley Oak Riparian Forest.
Rarity can also be d efi ned by the
structural components of vegetation.
Formerly common structural assem­
bl ages such as forests of old growth
redwood, Ponderosa pine forest, and
Douglas-fir are becom ing i ncreasi ngly
rare. Certai n typical chaparral species
such as holly-leafed cherry ( Prunus illici­
folia), toyon ( Heteromeles arbutifolia), or
flowering ash ( Fraxinus dipetala) can
become trees and form woodlands
u nder certain moisture and fire
regimes, but these forms are now rare.
I n c l u d i ng structural d efi n itions of rarity
also a llows com m u n ity conservation to
encom pass issues of wi l d l i fe habitat as
wel l as floristic u niqueness.
Natural communities can be used to
identify the ful l range of ecological
amplitude of their com ponent species.
T H E N AT U R A L C O M M U N I T I E S P R O G R A M
Th us, species with a broad geographic
range i n m any cases occ u r in a broad
range of com m u n ities. To best con­
serve the ful l genetic expression of any
species, common or rare, an under­
standing of its ecological a m p l itude is
important. Thus, com m u n ities repre­
senting a l l aspects of a given species'
ecological setting should be conserved.
A specific floristical ly-based com m u ni­
ty classification is better su ited to rep­
resent the fu l l range of variability of an
individ ual species habitat than general­
ized anecd otal types of commun ity
classifi c at i o n s .
Future Trends
for the C N D D B
Co m m u n ities Program
Although the CNDDB Com m u nities
Program conti nues to place high priority
on identification and conservation of
rare natural commun ities, it can and
should expand to include identification
of high-quality stands of all natural
communities. This is in keeping with the
d irectives of the Wi l dl ife and Habitat
Data Analysis Branch's Significant Nat­
ural Areas Program . One of the charges
of this program is to locate and empha­
size "best examples" of all natural com­
munities. Th is has been a difficult task
prior to having detailed information on
the regional representation of all natu­
ral com m u nities ( i .e. regional vegetation
maps). H owever, as more specific map­
ping proceeds throughout the state,
more information wi l l be available to
make informed choices about best
example occurrences. Sophisticated
analysis of biodiversity in a region
req uires a well-developed vegetation
classification and map. Conservation
efforts in Cal iforn ia wi l l benefit greatly
from i m proved natural com munity
information.
General I nform ation
As of May 2000, the CNDDB Natural
Com m u nities Program contained 2,635
23
individ ual records of rare natural com­
mun ities. New information on occur­
rences of sensitive communities is always
appreciated. The Natural Comm unities
program has developed its own field sur­
vey form to facil itate in put of this infor­
mation. To further refine the state
classification of natural communities,
we are especially interested in receiving
detailed records for as many different
com m u n ities as possible. We are happy
to advise interested parties in the quanti­
tative data col lection procedures.
• LITERATURE CITED
Grossman, D. H . , D. Faber-L.angendoen, A.S.
Weakley, M . Anderson, P. Bourgeron, R.
Crawford, K. Goodi n , S. L.a ndaal, K.
Metzler, K. Patterson, M. Pyne, M. Reid,
and L. Sneddon. 1 998. International Classi­
fication ofEcological Communities: Terrestrial
Vegetation ofthe United States Volume 1. The
National Vegetation Classification System:
Development, Status, and Applications. The
Nature Conservancy. (Available at
consci. tnc. orgllibrary/pubs/class/index. html)
Holland, R. F. 1 986. Preliminary descriptions
ofthe terrestrial natural communities ofCali­
fornia. U n published report. Californ ia
Department of Fish and Game. Sacra­
m ento, CA. 1 56 pp.
Sawyer, J .O. and T. Keeler-Wolf. 1 99 5 . A
Manual ofCalifornia Vegetation. Cal iforn ia
Native Plant Society. Sacramento, CA.
471 pp.
Footnote
The two fu ndamental fl oristic u nits
of the classification are the all iance
(also known as series) and the associa­
tion. An alliance is analogous to the
gen us level of the classification and the
associati on is analogous to the species
leve l . For more information, see the
i ntroductory information in the M CV.
Tod d Keeler-Wol f is the Vegetation Ecolo­
gist at the California Natural Diversity
D atab ase, Department offish and Game,
1 41 6 N inth St., Sacramento, CA 9 5 8 1 4.
 Th e Fed e ral E n d ange red S p ec i es Act
and Rare Plant Protection in California
J I M A . B A RT E L , J A N C . K N I GHT, A N D D I A N E R . E LA M
he Fed eral Endangered S pecies
Act (Act or ESA) was d esigned
by Congress to slow or stop
anthropogen ic exti nctions offish,
wi l d l ife, and plants i n the U n ited States
as wel l as of certai n fo reign species and
species threatened by nonhuman caus­
es. The ESA was signed by President
Richard N ixon in Decem ber 1 973. It
repealed m u ch of the Endangered
S pecies Conservation Act of 1 969,
which had replaced the Endangered
Species Preservation Act of 1 966. S u b­
stantive changes made i n the ESA of
1 973 i ncluded ( 1 ) the extension of
Federal protection to plants and to
animals other than vertebrates, mo l ­
l usks, and crustaceans, a n d ( 2 ) the
establish ment of a category for th reat­
ened species, to p rotect plant and ani­
mal species before they reach
dangerously low n u m bers. Although
amended several times si nce 1 9 73, the
Endangered Species Act was l ast reau­
thorized/amended i n 1 988. According
to H ouck ( 1 993 ), the Act remains
"America's most controversial environ­
mental law. " The Act is administered
primarily by the U.S. Fish and Wi l d l ife
Service i n the Department of the I nteri­
or, and to a lesser extent, by the
N ational Mari ne Fisheries Service in the
Department of Com merce. The d iscus­
sion below focuses on the U.S. Fish
and Wi l d l i fe Service's (Service) i m ple­
mentation of the ESA.
Te rm i nology under the
Endangered Species Act
" Endangered" and "threatened" are
often used l oosely or i nterchangeably
in a variety of contexts. H owever,
24
according to the ESA and its i m ple­
menting regulations, crucial legal dif­
ferences exist between "l isted"
endangered and threatened species,
" proposed" endangered and th reat­
ened species, and "candidate" species.
Distingu ish ing among these terms is
esse ntial because the level of protec­
tion afforded these three groups varies
greatly.
Section 3 of the Act defi nes an
endangered species as any species,
i ncluding subspecies, "in danger of
extinction throughout all or a signifi­
cant portion of its range . " Varieties are
also covered u nder the Act because the
Service considers them equ ivalent to
subspecies. This section of the ESA
a lso d efi nes threatened species as any
species " l i kely to become an endan­
gered species with i n the foreseeable
future throughout al l o r a significant
porti on of its range. " " Federally l isted"
or " l isted" i ndicates that a species has
been designated as endangered or
th reatened through publ ication of a
fi n a l rul e in the Federal Register.
Proposed endangered and th reat­
ened species are those species fo r
wh ich a proposed regu lation, but not a
fi nal rule, has been published i n the
Federal Register. Candidates are taxa for
which the Service has sufficient i nfor­
mation on biological status and
th reats proposed to them as endan­
gered or threatened under the ESA, but
for wh ich develop ment of a proposed
l isti ng regu l ation is precluded by other
h igher priority l isting activities. The Ser­
vice periodically publishes a notice of
review in the Federal Register l isti ng the
cu rrent cand idate and p roposed
species. In the most recent notice, pub-
l ished on October 25, 1 999 ( Federal
Register 64:57534-57547), Cal ifornia
had 7 candidate, 1 2 proposed and 1 67
federally listed plant taxa. Of the 1 67
listed plants, approxim ately 2 1 % are
l argely or enti rely restricted to particu­
lar substrates ( i .e . , serpentine, gab bro,
ione or carbo nate) and approximately
1 5% i n habit vernal pools. Regarding
the future proposal of candidate
species, the Service fi nalized new guide­
l ines for assign ing priorities for l isting
endangered and threatened species
under the ESA for fi scal years 1 99 9 and
2000 on October 22, 1 999 ( Federal
Register 64: 5 7 1 1 4-571 1 9 ) . Th is guid­
ance al lows the Service to al l ocate
fu nds and resources to the species that
are in the greatest need of protection
( see also Listing below).
In Decem ber 1 996, the Service sim­
pl ified its designati on of cand idate
species ( Federal Register 61 : 6448 1 -
64485) . Candidate species were for­
merly d ivided into categories. Category
1 candidates were species for which
suffi ci ent i nfo rm ation was available to
support a proposed l isting as threat­
ened or endangered, but which were
awaiting publ ication of a fo rmal l isti ng
proposal . Category 2 candidates were
species for which sufficient information
was u navailable to make a l isti ng deter­
m i nation. Taxa fo rmerly considered
candidates and included on past lists
were considered i n a third category
(category 3 ). Category 3 was d ivided
into extinct taxa (3A) , taxonom ically
i nval i d taxa or th ose not m eeti ng the
Service's defi n ition of a species (3 B ),
and taxa considered too widespread or
not threatened when the designation
was m ade (3C). The Service's

December 1 996 d ecision d iscontinued
the mai ntenance of a l ist of category 2
and 3 cand idate taxa. The Service now
lists as can d idates only those species
for wh ich sufficient i nformation is on
fi le to support issuing a p roposed ru le.
Protection u nder the
Endangered Species Act
• CAN D I DATE S PECI ES
Cand idate species are not protected
under the Endangered S pecies Act.
Although som e level of p rotection o r
management consideration is given to
candidates by m ost Fed eral agencies
(e.g., U.S. Forest Service, Bureau of
Land Management, U.S. Fish and
Wil d l ife Service), such pol icies are not
mandatory under the Endangered
Species Act, and they should not be
confused with l egal mandates of the
Act. The Service is, however, req u i red
by Section 4(b )( C)( i i i ) of the Act to
m onitor the status of candidate taxa
"to prevent their extinction wh ile
awaiting l isti ng. "
The Service, u pon request, provides
"tech nical assistance" to Fed eral, state,
and l ocal agencies, on the appropri ate
conservati on and management of can­
d idate species. l nteragency or conser­
vation agreements between the Service
and other Federal agencies can be
d eveloped to protect the candidates.
Th is approach is illustrated by an
agreement reached with the Forest Ser­
vice to protect the Rawson's fla m ing
trumpet ( Collomia rawsoniana). Non­
federal landowners may also enter i nto
candidate conservation agreements
with the Service for proposed species,
candidate species, and species that are
l i kely to become candidates i n the near
future. Under such agreements, the
property owner comm its to i m plemen­
tation of volu ntary conservation meas­
u res for the species covered in the
agreem ent. The property owner may
receive assurances from the Service
that add itional conservation measures
T H E F E D E RA L E N D A N G E R E D S P E C I E S ACT
wi l l not be req uired and additional
land, water or resource use restrictions
wi l l not be i m posed ifthe species cov­
ered in the agreement become listed in
the future ( m i n i m u m req u i rements and
cond itions that m ust be m et are codi­
fied i n Federal Register 64:32 706-32736
and Federal Register 64:5 2676). The
goal of cand idate conservation agree­
ments is to remove enough threats to
the covered species to preclude the
need to l ist the taxa as endangered o r
threatened under t h e Act.
• PRO POS E D S P E C I ES
Proposed species are given l i m ited
protection under the ESA. Federal
agencies m ust consider proposed taxa
in biological assessments (documents
req u i red by Secti on 7 of the Act fo r cer­
tain Federal projects or actions). Fed­
eral agencies must also "confer" with
the Service regard i ng any action or
project " l i kely to jeopardize the contin­
ued existence" of a proposed species.
During such a "conference," the Ser­
vice typically reviews proposed p roject
plans and determ ines the l i kely effects
of a Federal action on a proposed
species. Like the technical assistance
provided by the Service for candidates,
a conference is only an advisory
process. Any reco m m endations to
modify or abandon the project and/or
undertake protective measures for pro­
posed species are not mandatory on
the Federal agency conferring with the
Service.
• LI STED E N DA N G E RED
O R TH REATE N E D S P E C I ES
Listing. Once l i sted via a fi nal rule i n
the Federal Register, endangered and
threatened plants receive the fu l l pro­
tecti on of the ESA. The listing p rocess
is covered by Section 4 of the Act. To
determ ine whether a species should be
l isted, the Service evaluates five factors:
( 1 ) the present or threatened destruc­
ti on, mod ification, or c urtail ment of its
habitat or range; ( 2 ) overutil ization fo r
co m mercial, recreational, scientific, or
25
ed ucational purposes; ( 3 ) disease or
predation; ( 4) the inadequacy of exist­
ing regu l atory mechanisms; and ( 5)
other natu ral or man-made factors
affecting its conti n ued existence. The
Service publ ishes gu i d ance for assign­
ing relative priorities to l isting actions
con d ucted under Section 4 of the Act
annually si nce the listing backlogs that
remai ned fro m the 1 995- 1 996 mora­
tori u m and fu ndi ng recision by Con­
gress. I n general, the Service places the
h ighest p riority on l isting actions that
wi l l provide the greatest conservation
benefits to i m p eri led s p ecies . The list­
ing priority gu i dance for fiscal years
1 999 and 2000 ( Federal Register
64:57 1 1 4-571 1 9 ) gives highest priority
to emergency listing actions, second
priority to processi ng fi nal decisions on
proposed l i sti ngs, third priority to
resolvi ng the conservation status of
candidate species ( new proposed rules
or candi date removal), and fourth pri­
ority to petition fi n d i ngs.
The l isti ng process may be in itiated
either th rough citizen petitions or i nter­
nal Service actions. Listi ng proposals
generated i nternally by the Service have
no particular timetables but are priori­
tized accordi ng to ( 1 ) listing priority
n u m bers assigned when a species is
designated a candidate for l isting and
(2) the cu rrent listing pri ority guidance.
H igh est priority for l isting proposals is
given to species with i m m i nent threats
and high recovery potential. Taxonom­
ic uni q ueness is also a factor consid­
ered in assign i ng l isti ng priority, with
monotyp ic genera receiving h igher pri­
ority than species or su bspecies with
s i m i lar th reats and recovery potentia l.
Listings petitioned by ind ividuals or
organizations are subj ect to a sched ule
i m posed i n Section 4 ( b ) of the ESA.
Within 90 days of receiving a petitio n,
the Service m ust pub lish a fi nd i ng i n
t h e Federal Register i ndicating whether
the petition action presents substantial
i nformation ind icati ng that the peti­
tioned action m ay be warranted. If the
petition is found to be "substantial,"
26
t h e Service m ust determine whether the
petitioned action is "warranted" within
1 2 months of receiving the petition. If
the Service determi n es that the peti­
tioned action is warranted, it may ( 1 )
publ ish a proposed rule concurrent
with the 1 2 month fi n d i ng or ( 2 ) deter­
m i n e that the petitioned action is war­
ranted but precluded by higher p riority
l i sting actions. When a petition is
found not to be warranted, the Service
publishes a "n ot warranted" fi nd i ng i n
t h e Federal Register.
Regardl ess of how the l isting process
was i n itiated, when a taxon is p ro­
posed for listi ng, a proposed ru le or
regu lation is p ub l ished i n the Federal
Register. Public comment and peer
review are solicited by the Service.
" Peer review" is i ncorporated i nto the
l isti ng process accord i ng to a j u ly 1 ,
1 994 pol icy ( Federal Register 59:34270),
which states that the "expert opinions
of three appropriate and inde pendent
special ists" wil l be sol icited . Public
com ment and peer review are eval uat­
ed and summarized in the fi nal deci­
sion document regardi ng the l isti ng.
If a taxon is proposed for listi ng, a
fi nal ru le l isting the species ( o r a with­
d rawal) m ust be p u b l ished in the Feder­
al Register within 1 year of the
p u b l ication of the p roposal. The 1 -year
period before publ ication of a final l i st­
ing decision can be extended by the
Service for up to 6 m onths to allow
additional i nformation to be received.
For i nternally generated listi ngs, includ­
ing those covered by CN PS's suit ( see
Litigation below), taxa to be protected
through l isting are general ly gro u ped
by the Service i nto packages based on
sim ilar geography, threats, habitat or
taxonomy. Among other advantages,
these m u ltispecies packages allow
i m periled taxa to be proposed and list­
ed with m i n i m u m effort and facil itate
development of recovery plans for
coherent clusters of taxa wh ich have
sim ilar recovery needs.
Critical Habitat. Section 4( a)( 3) of
the Act requires that critical habitat be
T H E F E D E RA L E N D A N G E R E D S P E C I E S ACT
designated at the time the species is
listed, to the maxi m u m extent "pru­
dent and determ inable." Service regu­
lations state that designation of critical
hab itat is "not prudent" when ( 1 )
identification of critical habitat can be
expected to increase the degree of
th reat to the species, or ( 2 ) designa­
tion of critical habitat woul d not be
beneficial to the species. Critical habi­
tat, as defined i n Section 3 of the Act,
has two com ponents. It may include
( 1 ) specific areas within the geographi­
cal area occupied by a species where
physical or biological features essential
to the conservation of the species
occur or that may req uire special man­
agement consideration or protection,
and/or ( 2 ) specific areas outside the
geograph ical area occupied by a
species at the time of l isting when such
areas are determ ined to be essential for
the conservation of the species. The
Service has rarely proposed critical
habitat at the time taxa have been pro­
posed for l i sti ng. Th is practice has
been criticized and has led to recent lit­
igation (see Litigatio n below).
Although i n the past critical habitat
has rarely been proposed when a taxon
is proposed for listi ng, the Service con­
siders protection of habitat to be
essential to successful species co nser­
vation and publ ished a N otice of I ntent
to Clarify the Role of Habitat in Endan­
gered S pecies Conservation on J u n e
1 4, 1 999 ( Federal Register 64:3 1 8 7 1 ) .
The notice discussed the role o f habitat
co nservation in virtually every process
cal led for in the Act.
Recovery. Recovery is the "corner­
stone and ultimate purpose" ( U .S. Fish
and Wi l dl ife Service 1 994) of endan­
gered species protection at the Federal
level and the greatest challe nge the Ser­
vice and other Federal resource man­
agers face. The purpose of the ESA is
not to l ist taxa but to recover listed
species to the point where they no
l onger req ui re protection of the Act. To
this end, Section 4(f) of the ESA
requ ires that the Service develop recov-
ery p l a n s for a l l e n d a n gered or threat­
ened species, unl ess developing such a
plan woul d n ot promote the conserva­
tion of the species. Recovery plans
direct Service recovery mon ies and he lp
outline actions that c an be taken by
public and private agencies and indi­
viduals to help recover listed species.
Such actions typically include habitat
protection and m anagement, reduc­
tion of th reats such as invasion of non­
native species, monitoring of trends,
and research to better understand
both the biology of species and what
factors threaten them. Recovery plans
are advisory documents. As such, rec­
o m mendations descri bed in them are
not binding on other p u b l i c agencies
or on private organizations or individu­
als. To improve recovery plan develop­
ment and i m plementation, the Service
strives to involve all appropriate agen­
cies and affected parties and seeks
independent peer review of d raft recov­
ery plans ( pol icies i n Federal Register
59 :34270, 34272-34273). The Service
recom mends that recovery plans be
u pdated or revised every 5 years.
As of early 2000, recovery plans had
been final ized for 68 of the 1 67 ( 41 %)
l isted Cal iforn ia plant taxa; plans were
finalized for 5 1 of these taxa in 1 998 or
1 999. Draft plans were available for an
additional 25 taxa ( 1 5%) . Recovery
plans have not been written for the
remaining 44% of the listed plants in
California. Recent Cal ifornia recovery
plans have taken a m u ltispecies
approach, treati ng a n u m ber of listed,
proposed and cand idates species as
well as some species of concern in a
single plan. Such m u ltispecies plans
generally cover species found together
in a particular geographic area, habitat
or ecosyste m . In theory, including rec­
o m mendations to ensure the l ong-term
conservation of candidate species and
species of concern in publ ished recov­
ery pl ans could prevent the need to l ist
these species in the future. Recent Cali­
fornia m u ltispecies recovery p lans that
contai ned recommendations for con­
servation of plant species of concern

include the 1 998 Recovery Plan for
Upland Species ofthe SanJoaquin Valley,
California ( 1 3 plant species of concern )
and the 1 998 Recovery Plan for Serpentine
Soil Species ofthe San Francisco Bay Area ( 6
plant species of concern ).
Wh ile t h e Service is making p rogress
completing and approving recovery
plans, the recovery program wi l l only
be successfu l when recovery plans are
not j ust written but also broadly and
u n iformly i m plemented. Most
approved plans have not been fully
i m plemented i n California or nation­
wide. Few taxa, i ncluding only one
plant, nationwide have been delisted
( removed from the List of Endangered
and Threatened Wi l dl ife and Plants)
because of successfu I recovery efforts.
Delisting. Del isti ng, as noted above,
may result from successfu l recovery
efforts. To ensure their continued sur­
vival, monitori ng of recovered taxa that
are delisted is requ ired by Section 4(g)
of the ESA. S pecies may also be del ist­
ed because new data become available
showing that l isting is no longer neces­
sary (e.g., new secu re populations are
d iscovered or taxonomy is clarified) or
because the species goes exti nct.
Land acquisition. Section 5 of the Act
governs land acquisition and allows
Federal agencies within the Department
of I nterior (e.g., Bureau of Land Man­
agement, National Park Service, and
U.S. Fish and Wildl ife Service) and U.S.
Forest Service to im plement a program
to conserve listed species. To carry out
the program , these agencies are direct­
ed to use the land acquisition and other
authorities of the Fish and Wi ldlife Act
of 1 956, the Fish and Wi ldlife Coordi­
nation Act and the M igratory Bird
Conservation Act. U nder Section 5,
endangered or threatened species habi­
tat may be acq u i red by purchase, dona­
tion, or other mechanisms. Th is section
also allows these Federal agencies to use
funds from the Land and Water Conser­
vation Fund Act of 1 965, as amended,
for habitat acq u isition.
T H E F E D E RA L E N D A N G E R E D S P E C I E S A C T
Agreements with states. Section 6 of
the Act enables the Service to enter
i nto cooperative agreements with any
State that establ ished and maintains
an active program for the conservation
of endangered and threatened species.
Such agreements enable the Service to
financially assist state agencies, such as
the Californi a Department of Fish and
Game ( CDFG), in i m plementation of
programs for the conservation of
endangered and threatened species.
Actions typ ically fund ed by the Service
i nclude research, species management,
mon itori ng the status of candidate and
l isted species, and other recovery plan
i m pl ementation ( but not habitat
acq uisition, except as noted below for
comp leted habitat co nservation
plans). The Section 6 a l location to
CDFG over the last several years has
been approxi mately one m i l l ion dollars
per year. Recently fu nded Section 6
projects for p lants i n Cal ifornia have
included ( 1 ) research to determi ne
effective management strategies fo r
Blennosperma bakeri, Lasthenia burkei,
and Limnanthes vinculans on the Santa
Rosa Plain, Sonoma County, ( 2 ) classi­
fication and ranking of San Joaq u i n
Val ley vernal pools for conservation,
(3) i m plementation of recovery activi­
ties for Arenaria paludicola and Rorippa
gambellii in western San Luis Obispo
Cou nty, includ ing genetic ch aracteriza­
tion and restoration of natural popula­
tions, ( 4) site-specific protection of
and habitat en hancement for three
coastal Monterey Cou nty plants ( Tri­
folium polyodon, Potentilla hickmanii, and
Astragalus tener var. titi), (5) recovery
and management of Chorizanthe orcut­
tiana in San Diego County, including
i nventory of curre nt and former sites,
reproduction and seed vi abil ity stud ies
and in itiation of seed banki ng, and ( 6)
dune restoration for Erysimum menziesii,
Chorizanthe howellii and western sn owy
plover at MacKerricher State Park,
Mendocino County, includ ing removal
of European beachgrass. Begin ning in
fiscal year 1 997, fu nds authorized
through Section 6 of the ESA are also
27
used t o provide additional resources
needed to acqui re additional conserva­
tion lands for com pl eted habitat con­
servation plans ( H C Ps, see below).
lnteragency cooperation and consulta­
tion. Section 7 requires i nteragency
cooperation to protect listed species,
and thereby provides plants with the
most sign ificant protection conferred
by any of the 1 8 sections of the Act.
Responsibilities of Federal agencies
under Section 7 of the Act fall i nto two
categories. U nder Section 7(a)( 1 ), Fed­
era l age ncies are d i rected, in consu lta­
tion with the Service, to use their
resources to further of the purposes of
the Act by carrying out programs for the
conservation of listed species. Section
7(a)(2 ) precl udes Federal agencies from
authorizing, funding, or carrying out
any activities that are li kely to jeopard ize
the continued existence of any listed
species or result in the destruction or
adverse m od ification of critical habitat.
Section 7(a)( 2 ) consu ltatio n may be
" informal" or "formal . " Most agency
consu ltations are resolved informal ly.
I nformal consu ltation is used to deter­
m i ne ( 1 ) whether formal consu ltation
wi l l be req u i red or ( 2 ) ifthe p roject can
be modified to reduce or rem ove
adverse impacts to listed species. If a
proposed activity that depends on a
Federal action may adversely affect a
listed species or designated critical
habitat, formal consultati on is
req ui red. Formal consu ltation con­
cludes when the Service issues a " bio­
l ogical opinion" on the effects of the
project on listed species. Mod ification,
or rarely abandonment, of a p roposed
Federal action or project may be neces­
sary ifthe Service determ i nes that such
activity is l i kely to jeo pardize the
species or adversely modify its critical
habitat. Under such a scenario, the
Service must provide a "reasonable
and prudent alternative" to the con­
su lting Federal agency
A Federal agency receiving a jeopardy
opinion during formal consultation
may apply to the Endangered S pecies
28
Comm ittee for an exemption fro m the
req u irement of Section 7(a)(2) that no
Federal agency action jeopardize an
endangered or threatened species. Sec­
tion 7(e) of the ESA establishes the
Comm ittee, popu larly referred to as
the "God Squad. " The seven me mber
comm ittee is com posed of cabi net
level and other presidential appointees.
An exem ption has never been sought
for an action affecting a federal ly listed
plant, but the process received nation­
al attention over the exem ption
req uested for actions affecting the
northern spotted owl.
Contrary to public opinion, m ost
formal consu ltations do not result i n
issuance ofjeopardy opinions ( Govern­
ment Accou nting Office 1 992, Houck
1 993 ) . Moreover, fewer than 1 % of for­
mal consu ltations result in cancel ing of
projects ( Barry et al 1 992). The view­
point espoused by som e critics of the
ESA, that Section 7 consultations
under the Act resu lt i n cancel i ng
urgently needed projects throughout
the country, is not su pported by the
facts. In the vast majority of cases, eco­
nomic development and endangered
species protection are compatible.
Formal consu ltation for listed plants
is req ui red when a proj ect that may
adversely affect l i sted plants or their
habitat ( 1 ) occurs on Federal land o r
( 2 ) is a private action with a Federal
" nexus" (e.g., a Federal permit is
requ i red or Federal fun d ing is
involved ). For exam ple, the U .S . Army
Corps of Engin eers freq uently requests
consu ltation with the Service when
proposed projects i nvolve placi ng fi l l i n
vernal pools or other wetlands. Filling
of vernal pools, which are isolated
waters of the U .S. accord ing to the
Clean Water Act, requ i res a Section
404 permit from the Corps. The
issuance of a Section 404 permit u n der
the Clean Water Act triggers the con­
sultation process, providing the Service
with an opportun ity to encourage proj­
ect redesign or other m i n i m ization
measures to avoid jeopardy to l isted
species. Approxi mately 25% of the 1 67
T H E F E D E RA L E N D A N G E R E D S P E C I E S A C T
plants wh ich were federa l ly listed i n
California a s of October 1 999 occur i n
habitats for which Section 404 perm its
could be requi red ( i .e., vernal pools or
other wetlands). Actions req ui ri ng a
Federal permit under Section 404 of
the Clean Water Act are just one exam­
ple of actions that may result in Sec­
tion 7 consu ltations for plants on
non-Federal lands. Any other federal ly
authorized or fu nded action is also
subject to Section 7 consu ltation, as is
issuance of habitat conservation plans
( HC Ps, see below). ( For further infor­
mati on on Section 7, refer to the final
procedural regu lati ons publ ished on
J u n e 3 , 1 986 in Federal Register
5 1 : 1 9925-1 9963).
Prohibitions. Section 9 of the Endan­
gered Species Act pro h i bits "take" of
federally endangered wi l d l ife. To "take"
an endangered animal is to harass,
harm [which includes sign ificant habi­
tat modifi cation or degradatio n ] , pur­
sue, h u nt, shoot, wound, kill, trap,
capture, or attem pt to engage in any
such co nduct. Plants are not protected
against "take . " Instead, pl ants are pro­
tected from harm in two partic u lar cir­
cumstances. Section 9 prohi bits ( 1 )
the removal and red uction to posses­
sion ( i .e., col lection) of endangered
pl ants from lands under Federal
jurisdiction, and ( 2 ) the rem oval, cut­
ting, d igging, damage, or destruction
of endangered plants on any other area
in knowing violation ofa state law or regula­
tion. Section 9 also makes il l egal the
i nternational and interstate transport,
i m port, export, and sale or offer for
sale of endangered plants and animals.
The protection of Section 9 afforded
endangered species is extended to
threatened wi l d l i fe and plants by regu­
lation ( 50 CFR § 1 7. 3 1 and 1 7. 71 )
Habitat conservation plans. H abitat
conservation plans ( H CPs ), authorized
under Section 1 O(a) of the Act, are
developed to permit the "i ncidental
take" of wi l d l ife by n on-federal actions
when the "taki ng" is incidental to, and
n ot the purpose of, an otherwise lawfu l
activity. I n d ivid uals, corporations, and
state or local agencies may apply to the
Service for a Section 1 0( a) incidental
take permit. An incidental take permit
al lows the incidental taking of i n d ivid­
uals or habitat so long as the i m pacts
of the taki ng are m i n i m ized and miti­
gated to the maxi m u m extent practica­
ble. H CPs typically prom ote the
concentration of im pacts and d evelop­
ment and enable the protection of
essential habitat i n the large blocks
req u ired for survival of m any taxa.
Although the scope of habitat conser­
vation plann i ng varies from parcels to
ecosystems, larger scale effo rts are usu­
ally more desirable due to the level of
planning and abil ity to set aside larger
areas for species protectio n.
Two recent Federal Register n otices
provided regulation and policy with
respect to H CPs. The first fi nal ized the
"No Su rprises" rule ( Federal Register
63: 8859-8873 ). The N o Surprises ru le
provides assurances to the holder of an
HCP incidental take permit. For species
covered by the HCP, no surprises
means that no add itional restrictions
will be placed on land use and no addi­
tional financial com pensation wi l l be
requ i red beyond what is agreed to i n
t h e HCP. The second notice, published
in 1 9 99, establ ished overall biological
goals and objectives for species cov­
ered by H CPs, clarified and expanded
the use of adaptive management and
monitori ng i n H CPs, provided criteria
to determi ne permit duration, and
expanded the use of public partici pa­
tion in the HCP process (the 5-point
policy gu idance; Federal Register
64: 1 1 485-1 1 490).
HCPs are not written or i m plement­
ed expressly for pl ants because listed
. plants are not protected from take or
destruction on private land (see Prohi­
bitions above). H owever, if "sensitive"
plant species ( i .e., listed, p ro p osed
and/or can d idate species, or other
plant taxa of co ncern ), occur with in
the boundaries of an HCP, they are
typically i ncorporated into the plan-

n i ng process. For exa mp le, the Metro­
pol itan Bakersfie l d HCP, i nvolving
262,000 acres in Kern County, covered
two federally endangered plants, Opun­
tia treaslei and Lembertia congdonii. The
Service, l i ke all Federal agencies, can­
not undertake any activity that m ight
jeopardize the conti n u ed existence of
listed plant or animal species. There­
fore, prior to signing an H C P, the Ser­
vice cond ucts an i nternal Section 7
consultation to evaluate the l i kelihood
that listed species wi l l be jeopardized
by its signing the HCP. To ensure that
the Service's action in sign i ng an HC P
is not l i kely t o jeopardize listed species,
the Service works with the applicant to
ensure the HCP conserves necessary
lands or undertakes oth er appropriate
measures for listed plants.
Ecosystem planning processes simi­
lar to HC Ps have been i nitiated for
plants on private lands, but o n ly when
there is sufficient i nterest from local
government, and a Section 7 nexus
such as the Clean Water Act Section
404 permitting process which governs
fi l l of wetlands. Significant progress
toward such ecosystem planning was
made for three vernal pool plants of
Sonoma County's Santa Rosa Plain,
Blennosperma bakeri, Lasthenia burkei,
and Limnanthes vinculans, and their asso­
ciated sensitive animals before fun d ing
and enthusiasm for the process ran out
i n 1 995. C N PS can make a su bstantial
contri bution to rare p l ant co nservation
i n California by participati ng in,
encouraging, and d eveloping local
enthusiasm for such ecosystem pl an­
n i ng efforts.
Litigation
Litigation has increasingly affected
the Service's workload. Lawsu its
b rought against the Service to e l i m i­
nate the l isting backlog for both p lants
and a ni mals resu lted in d ramatic
i ncreases i n the n u m bers of listed and
p roposed p lant species throughout the
nation. In California, the Service
T H E F E D E R A L E N D A N G E R E D S P E C I ES ACT
reached out-of-court settlements with
the California Native Plant Society and
the Fund for Animals. These settle­
m ents req u i red the Service to propose
all category 1 taxa in the 1 99 1 ( p lant)
and 1 992 (wi l d l ife) notices of review.
Approximately 1 50 California plant
taxa were listed as a result of the C N PS
and Fu nd for Animals lawsuits. S i m ilar­
ly, the Service's past l isting determ i na­
tions that critical habitat was n ot
prudent for many wil d l ife and plant
taxa have been the subj ect of recent or
threatened l itigation.
The Futu re
Although few taxa have been formal­
ly recovered and delisted si nce the
Act's i nitial passage in 1 973, the ESA
has been instrumental in protecting
habitat and slowi ng the population
decl ine of hundreds of species across
the U n ited States, includ ing many of
Californ ia's rarest plants. The Service's
responsi bi l ities to protect and recover
Californ ia's rare plants are expand i ng
dramatically as more taxa are listed
and the pace of development and pop­
ulation growth i n California accelerate.
The Service rel ies upon the expertise
and cooperation of other agencies and
organizations such as the California
Department of Fish and Game and
C N PS to accom pl ish its m ission to
"conserve, protect and enhance fish,
wi l d l ife, and plants and their habitats. "
Other pol icies and
guidance of i n terest
J u ly 1 , 1 994. Notice of l nteragency Cooper­
ative Pol icy on I n fo rmation Standards
U nder the Endangered Species Act. Fed­
eral Register 59:34271 .
J u ly 1 , 1 994. Notice of l n teragency Cooper­
ative Pol icy for Endangered Species Act
Section 9 Prohi bitions. Federal Register
59:34272.
J u ly 1, 1 994. Notice of l n teragency Cooper­
ative Policy for the Ecosystem Approach
to the Endangered Species Act. Federal
Register 59 :34273-34274.
29
J uly 1 , 1 994. Notice o f lnteragency Coopera­
tive Policy Regardi ng the Role of State
Agencies in Endangered Species Act Activ­
ities. Federal Register 59:34274-34275.
February 7, 1 996. Proposed Pol icy on the
Treatment of I ntercrosses and l ntercross
Progeny (the Issue of" Hybridizati o n . " )
Federal Register 6 1 :471 0-47 1 3 .
February 7 , 1 996. Draft Pol icy Regard ing
Control led Propagation of Species List­
ed U nder the Endangered Species Act.
Federal Register 61 :471 6-4720.
February 3 , 1 999. Executive Order by Presi­
dent Wi l l iam J . Cli nton on Invasive
S pecies. Executive Order 1 3 1 1 2 .
J u n e 1 7, 1 99 9 . Announcement of Final Safe
Harbor Policy. Federal Register 64:
32706-32736.
• LITE RATU R E C I T E D
Barry, D. L., L . Haro u n , and C. Halvorson .
1 9 9 2 . For Conserving Listed Species, Talk is
Cheaper Than We Think: The Consultation
Process Under the Endangered Species Act.
World Wide Fu n d For Nature. Wash i ng­
ton D.C.
Govern ment Accounting Office ( GAO) .
1 9 9 2 . Endangered Species Act: Types and
NumberofImplementing Actions. General
Accou nting Office Report No. RCED-
92- 1 3 1 B R. Gaithersburg, M D .
Houck, O .A. 1 99 3 . The Endangered
Species Act and its i m plementation by
the U .S . Departments of Interior and
Co m m e rce . University ofColorado Law
Review 64:277-370.
U.S. Fish and Wil d l ife Service. 1 994. Report
to Congress. Recovery Program for Endan­
gered and Threatened Species. U .S. Fish
and Wi l d l i fe Service. Washington D.C.
J i m A. Bartel is Assistant Field S u pervisor,
Carlsbad Fish and Wi l d life Office, U.S. Fish
and Wi l d l i fe Service, 2730 Loker Avenue
West, Carlsbad, CA 92008. Jan C. Knight is
Deputy Chief of the Endangered Species
Division and Diane R. Elam is the Recovery
Coord inator for the Sacramento Fish and
Wi l d life Office, U.S. Fish and Wi l d l ife Ser­
vice, 2800 Cottage Way, Room W-2605,
Sacramento, CA 95825.
 Plants Listed or Proposed for Li sting Under Federal Law
M
inus the one plant men­
tioned below, this l ist
includes the 1 83 Cal ifor-
n ia native plants that as ofJanuary
2001 have been designated as Endan­
gered ( FE, 1 35 plants) or Threatened
( FT, 48 pl ants) by the U.S. Fish and
Wil d l i fe Service un der Section 4 of the
Endangered S pecies Act ( 1 973). Also
i ncl uded are three p lants which have
been proposed for l isting under the Act
as Endangered ( PE). For additional
i nformation, contact the U.S. Fish and
Wi l d l i fe Service, 2800 Cottage Way,
Roo m W2 605, Sacramento, CA
95825.
Arctostaphylos rnorroensis
30
Mahonia sonnei ( FE) has been rejected
fro m the sixth edition of the Inventory
for taxonomic reasons, and does not
appear on the list below. Erysimum men­
ziesii ( FE) has been split i nto three sub­
species in the Inventory; all are
protected by Federal law. N ote also
that this l ist uses the nomenclature
adopted in the Inventory, which in a few
cases d iffers from that of the U .5. Fish
and Wildlife Service. Entries in this
Inventory give the name under wh ich a
taxon is Federal ly-listed i f i t differs
from the name used here.
Acanthomintha duttonii ( FE)
Acanthomintha ilicifolia (FT)
Allium munzii ( FE)
Alopecurus aequalis var. sonomensis ( FE)
Ambrosia pumila ( PE)
Amsinckia grandiflora ( FE)
Arabis hoffmannii ( FE)
Arabis macdonaldiana ( FE)
Arctostaphylos confertiflora ( FE)
Arctostaphylos glandulosa
ssp. crassifolia ( FE)
Arctostaphylos hookeri ssp. ravenii ( FE)
Arctostaphylos morroensis ( FT)
Arctostaphylos myrtifolia ( FT)
Arctostaphylos pa/Iida ( FT)
Arenaria paludicola ( FE)
Arenaria ursina ( FT)
Astragalus a/hens ( FE)
Astragalus brauntonii ( FE)
Astragalus clarianus ( FE)
Astragalusjaegerianus ( FE)
Astragalus lentiginosus var. coachellae ( FE)
Astragalus lentiginosus var. piscinensis ( FT)
Astragalus magdalenae var. peirsonii (FT)
Astragalus pycnostachyus
var. lanosissimus ( PE)
Astragalus tener var. titi ( FE)
Astragalus tricarinatus ( FE)
Atriplex coronata var. notatior ( FE)
Baccharis vanessae (FT)
Berberis nevinii ( FE)
Berberis pinnata ssp. insularis ( FE)
Blennosperma bakeri (FE)
Brodiaea filifolia ( FT)
Brodiaea pa/Iida (FT)
Calochortus tiburonensis ( FT)
Calyptridium pulchellum ( FT)
Calystegia stebbinsii ( FE)
Camissonia benitensis (FT)
Carex albida ( FE)
Castilleja affinis ssp. neglecta ( FE)
Castilleja campestris ssp. succulenta (FT)
Castilleja cinerea ( FT)
Castilleja grisea ( FE)
Castilleja mollis ( FE)
Caulanthus californicus ( FE)
Ceanothus ferrisae ( FE)
Ceanothus ophiochilus (FT)
Ceanothus roderickii ( FE)
Cercocarpus traskiae ( FE)
Chamaesyce hooveri (FT)
Chlorogalum purpureum
var. purpureum (FT)
Chlorogalum purpureum
var. reductum ( FT)
Chorizanthe howellii ( FE)
Chorizanthe orcuttiana (FE)
Chorizanthe pungens var. hartwegiana (FE)
Chorizanthe pungens var. pungens ( FT)
Chorizanthe robusta var. hartwegii ( FE)
Chorizanthe robusta var. robusta ( FE)
Chorizanthe valida ( FE)
Cirsium fontinale var. fontinale ( FE)
Cirsium fontinale var. obispoense ( FE)
Cirsium hydrophilum var. hydrophilum ( FE)
Cirsium loncholepis ( FE)
Clarkia franciscana ( FE)
Clarkia imbricata ( FE)
Clarkia speciosa ssp. immaculata ( FE)
Clarkia springvillensis ( FT)
Cordylanthus maritimus

ssp. maritimus ( FE )
Cordylanthus mol/is ssp. mol/is ( FE)
Cordylanthus palmatus ( FE)
Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. capillaris ( FE)
Cupressus abramsiana ( FE)
Cupressus goveniana ssp. goveniana (FT)
Deinandra conjugens (FT)
Deinandra increscens ssp. vil/osa ( FE)
Delphinium bakeri ( FE)
Delphinium luteum (FE)
Delphinium variegatum ssp. kinkiense ( FE)
Dodecahema leptoceras ( FE )
Dudleya cymosa ssp. agourensis (FT)
Dudleya cymosa ssp. marcescens ( FT)
Dudleya cymosa ssp. ovatifolia ( FT)
Dudleya nesiotica ( FT)
Dudleya parva ( FT)
Dudleya setchellii ( FE)
Dudleya stolonifera (FT)
Dudleya traskiae ( FE)
Dudleya verityi ( FT)
Enceliopsis nudicaulis var. corrugata (FT)
Eremalche kernensis (FE)
Eriastrum densifolium ssp. sanctorum ( FE)
Eriastrum hooveri ( FT)
Erigeron parishii ( FT)
Eriodictyon altissimum ( FE)
Eriodictyon capitatum ( FE)
Eriogonum apricum var. apricum ( FE)
Eriogonum apricum var. prostratum (FE)
Eriogonum kennedyi
var. austromontanum ( FT)
Eriogonum ovalifolium var. vineum ( FE)
Eriophyl/um latilobum ( FE)
Eryngium aristulatum var. parishii ( FE)
Eryngium constancei ( FE)
Erysimum capitatum s s p . angustatum ( FE)
Erysimum menziesii ssp. eurekense (FE)
Erysimum menziesii ssp. menziesii ( FE)
Erysimum menziesii ssp.yadonii ( FE)
Erysimum teretifolium ( FE)
P LA N TS L I S T E D OR P R O P O S E D FO R L I S T I N G U N D E R F E D E R A L LAW 31
Fremontodendron decumbens ( FE) Orcuttia pilosa ( FE)
Fremontodendron mexicanum ( FE) Orcuttia tenuis ( FT)
Calium buxifolium ( FE) Orcuttia viscida ( FE)
Calium californicum ssp. sierrae ( FE) Oxytheca parishii var. goodmaniana ( FE)
Cilia tenuiffora ssp. arenaria ( FE) Pentachaeta bel/idiffora ( FE)
Cilia tenuiffora s s p . hoffmannii ( FE) Pentachaeta lyonii ( FE)
Crindelia fraxino-pratensis (FT) Phacelia insularis var. insularis ( FE)
Helianthemum greenei ( FT) Phlox hirsuta ( FE)
Hesperolinon congestum ( FT) Piperia yadonii ( FE)
Holocarpha macradenia ( FT) Plagiobothrys strictus ( FE)
Howellia aquatilis (FT) Paa atropurpurea ( FE)
Lasthenia burkei ( FE) Paa napensis ( FE)
Lasthenia conjugens ( FE) Pogoyne abramsii ( FE)
Layia carnosa ( FE) Pogoyne nudiuscula ( FE)
Lesquerel/a kingii ssp. bernardina ( FE) Polygonum hickmanii ( PE)
Lessingia germanorum ( FE) Potentilla hickmanii ( FE)
Lilium occidentale ( FE) Pseudobahia bahiifolia ( FE)
Lilium pardalinum ssp. pitkinense (FE) Pseudobahia peirsonii (FT)
Limnanthes ffoccosa ssp. californica ( FE) Rorippa gambelii ( FE)
Limnanthes vinculans ( FE) Sedel/a leiocarpa ( FE)
Lithophragma maximum ( FE) Senecio layneae ( FT)
Lotus dendroideus var. traskiae ( FE) Sibara {7/ifolia ( FE)
Lupinus nipomensis ( FE) Sidalcea keckii ( FE)
Lupinus tidestromii ( FE) Sidalcea oregana s s p . valida ( FE)
Malacothamnus clementinus (FE) Sidalcea pedata (FE)
Malacothamnus fasciculatus Streptanthus albidus ssp. albidus ( FE )
var. nesioticus ( FE) Streptanthus niger ( FE)
Malacothrix indecora ( FE) Suaeda californica ( FE)
Malacothrix squalida ( FE) Swal/enia alexandrae ( FE)
Monardel/a linoides ssp. viminea (FE) Taraxacum californicum ( FE)
Monolopia congdonii ( FE) Thelypodium stenopetalum ( FE)
Navarretia fossalis ( FT) Thlaspi californicum ( FE)
Navarretia leucocephala ssp. pauciffora ( FE) Thysanocarpus conchuliferus ( FE)
Navarretia leucocephala s s p . plieantha ( FE) Trichostema austromontanum
Neostap{ia colusana ( FT) ssp. compactum ( FT)
Nitrophila mohavensis ( FE) Trifolium amoenum ( FE)
Oenothera californica s s p . eurekensis (FE) Trifolium trichocalyx ( FE )
Oenothera deltoides ssp. howel/ii ( FE) Tuctoria greenei ( FE)
Opuntia basilaris var. treleasei ( FE) Tuctoria mucronata ( FE)
Orcuttia californica ( FE) Verbena californica (FT)
Orcuttia inaequalis (FT) Verbesina dissita ( FT)
 Rare P l a n t M a n age m e n t o n t h e
j
National Forests and Gr s nd
B RA D LEY E . P O W E L L
alifornia has a total land area
of 1 0 1 . S m i llion acres. Of
this total area, 20 m i l lion
acres are National Forest System ( N FS)
lands. These lands are d ivided i nto 1 8
nati onal forests and one national
grassland managed by the Pacific
Southwest Region ( Region 5 ) of the
Forest Service, U.S. Department of
Agricu lture. Portions of the Toiyabe
National Forest managed by the I nter­
mountain Region ( Region 4), and the
Siskiyou and Rogue River National
Forests managed by the Pacific North­
west Region ( Region 6), also are within
Californ ia.
The Forest Service is mandated by
Federal law to manage these lands for
m u ltiple uses. Mu ltiple-use resource
management provides a sustainable
supply of water, forage, wi l d l ife, wood,
recreation, and other renewable
resources to benefit the American peo­
ple, wh ile ensuri ng the productivity of
the land and protecti ng the quality of
the environment. The Forest Service is
committed to practicing the h ighest
standards of land and resource steward­
ship. Management of national forests in
California is i ntended to promote
i ntegrity of ecosystems, biological d iver­
sity, fish and wildl ife habitat, and forest
and rangeland health, as wel l as provide
a sustainable supply of renewable
resources. Managi ng for endangered,
th reatened, and sensitive species, the
rarest of the resources under our care, is
essential to meeting these objectives.
The Forest Service
Sensitive Plant Program
"Sensitive" is a term used by the For­
est Service to designate plant species
32
as la s i n Ca l i fo rn i a
known or h ighly suspected t o occur on
N FS lands that are considered val id
candidates for Federal threatened or
endangered classification under the
Endangered Species Act of 1 973 (as
amended, 1 988; see The Federal Endan­
gered Species Act. . , above). The term
.
"sensitive" is used to distinguish poten­
tial cand idates for l isti ng from plants
officially l isted as "rare," "th reatened,"
or "endangered," terms that have legal
meanings under Federal and state laws.
Of all the national forest regions,
Region 5 contains the largest assem­
blage of sensitive pl ant species i n com­
parison to its land base. In fact, of the
m ore than 8,000 vascular plants occur­
ring in Cal ifornia, wel l over half are
known to occur on N FS lands. Th is is
due to the d iversity of topography,
geography, geology and soils, cli mate,
and vegetation that occur on N FS
lands in California, the same factors
that acco unt for the exceptionally high
endemic flora of the State.
Over 360 vascular and 5 non-vascular
plants known to occur on N FS lands
have been identified as Forest Service
sensitive and need further evaluation
o r require special management to
ensure long-term species viabil ity. Of
these, 1 1 0 are endemic to N FS lands.
The Region has the sole responsibility
for the viabi lity and long-term conserva­
tion of these species. At present, 36
plants that occur on NFS lands in
Region 5 are Federal ly-listed as threat­
ened or endangered, and 4 are pro­
posed for listi ng.
Activities of the Sensitive Plant Pro­
gram include field verification of
known or re ported l ocations of sensi­
tive plants, preparation of i n d ivi dual
population records, field reconnais-
sance of projects such as timber har­
vests and i n put to enviro n m ental docu­
ments, identifying basic research
needs, mon itoring key populations,
and preparing i n d ividual species man­
agement guides.
How Is the Region 5
Sensitive Plant List Developed?
The development of the sensitive
species lists begins with the Nature
Conservancy's N atural H eritage data
rankings to ensure consistency in
species incl uded on the l ist across fed ­
eral agencies nationally and local ly, a nd
between regions with each agency. The
l ist is peri odically vali dated by botanists
affil i ated with major scientific institu­
tions, the Cal ifornia Native Plant Soci­
ety (CNPS), and the Species
Conservation and Recovery Program
and Natural Diversity Database
(CNDDB) of the Cal ifornia Department
of Fish and Game. The Region 5 sensi­
tive plant l ist also takes into account
the taxa listed under state law as
endangered, threatened, or rare. Any
State-listed species which may need
special management on N FS lands is
considered for the l ist. In addition, the
Region 5 sensitive plant list incorpo­
rates the professi onal field knowledge
of Forest Service botanists and ecolo­
gists. Many of these field botanists con­
tribute directly to the CN PS Inventory by
partici pating on the Society's Rare
Plant Scientific Advisory Comm ittee.
The Region 5 sensitive plant list is
subject to additions and deletions as
new data are obtained, taxonomic
problems clarified, or as revisions to the
source documents are made. The l ist is
expected to be dynamic, with review

and possible revision occurring on a two
to three year cycle to more accu rately
reflect the changing management situa­
tio n . The Region 5 sensitive plant list is
available upon request from the Forest
Service Regional Office in Vallejo.
Wh at Is the Forest Service
Po l icy for Sensitive Plants?
I mplementation of the Sensitive
Plant Program is outl ined in Forest Ser­
vice Manual ( FS M) Section 2670,
"Threatened, Endangered, and Sensi­
tive Plants and Animals." The FSM and
the Forest Land Management Plans
provid e the working pol icies and
framework for implementing all Forest
Service activities and eval uating possi­
ble effects on endangered, th reatened ,
proposed, or sensitive species.
Additional ly, a Region 5 "Threatened
and Endangered Plants Program
H and book" ( R-5 FSH 2609.25), pro­
vides direction for day-to-day manage­
ment of the sensitive plant program
and techn ical procedures to i m plement
the program at the project level. Both
the FSM d i rection and Region 5 hand­
book are available for public review at
any Forest Service office.
Key parts of FSM 2670. 2 2 concern­
ing sensitive taxa are:
1 . Develop and i m plement manage­
ment practices to ensure that species
do not become threatened or endan­
gered because of Forest Service
i
r actions.
I
2 . Maintain viable popu lations of all
native and desired non-native
wi l d life, fish, and plant species in
hab itats distributed throughout their
geographic range on N FS lands.
3. Develop and i m plement manage­
ment obj ectives for populations
and/or hab itat of sensitive species.
In addition, FSM 2670.32 states that
the Forest Service wil l :
1 . Assist states i n achieving t h e i r goals
for the conservation of endemic
species.
I
RARE PLANT MA NAG E M ENT
2 . Review programs and activities,
through a biological eval uation, to
d eterm i ne their potential effect on
sensitive species.
3. Avo id or m i n i m ize i mpacts to
species whose viability has been
identified as a concern .
4. If i m pacts cannot be avoided, ana­
lyze the sign ificance of potential
adverse effects on the population or
its habitat within the area of concern
and on the species as a whole.
5 . Establ ish management objectives, in
cooperati on with the states, when
projects on National Forest System
lands may have a sign ificant effect
on sensitive species' population
n u m bers or d istributions.
Each national forest has a Forest
Botanist or a Sensitive Plant Program
Coordi nator responsible for the i mple­
mentation of the Sensitive Plant Pro­
gram with i n that forest. Most Region 5
national forests have a professional
botanist on staff and/or other h ighly
trained biologists worki ng on sensitive
pl ant management issues.
Watch List Species
A n u m ber of plant species do not
m eet all the criteria to be incl uded on
the Regional Forester's Sensitive List,
but are of sufficient concern that we
need to consider them i n the plan n i ng
process. These include species that are
locally rare (as opposed to decl ining
throughout their range), are of public
concern, occur as disj u nct popula­
tions, are newly described taxa, or lack
sufficient i nformation on popu lati on
size , threats, trend, or distri bution.
Such species make an i m portant con­
tri bution to forest biod iversity and are
addressed as appropriate through the
N EPA process. To better identify th ese
species, forests have been encouraged
to develop "watch lists" of species.
These watch lists are dynamic and
updated as the need arises to reflect
changi ng conditions and new informa-
33
ti on. The creation of the sensitive
species and watch l i sts are key steps
in meeti ng our committment as an
agency to maintain biologically d iverse
and healthy ecosystems.
H ow Are Sensitive
Plants Actu al ly Managed ?
Distri bution patterns, habitats, a nd
ecological parameters differ for each o f
the 360+ sensitive plants i n Region 5 .
We have l earned fi rst-hand that p ro­
tecting and conserving these taxa d oes
n ot necessarily enta i l segregating sensi­
tive plants from other forest devel o p­
ment or management activities.
Past management activities and prac­
tices often provide i mportant insights
for assessi ng ecological requirements,
and management opportunities and
constraints for species. Some species
require freq uent burning, others are
early successional taxa, wh ile others pre­
fer a specific microenvironment for o pti­
mal population size and vigor. Ti m i ng,
intensity, and frequency of a proposed
action are the key factors in biological
evaluations of proposed forest activities.
For example, a timber harvest could
have no effect, adverse effect, or benefi­
cial effect on a sensitive plant occur­
rence depending on whether or not the
proposed action is evaluated and
planned i n terms of the species' eco log­
ical needs. Th is is wel l illustrated by the
Shirley Meadows star-tu l i p ( Calochortus
westonii), which is endemic to the
Sequoia National Forest. The ecological
requi rements of this species suggested
that selective thinnings of dense
con ifers cou l d be accompl ished when
the plants were dormant in the fa l l ,
thus creating a more o p e n , park-like
environment for this species. N u m bers
of Shirley Meadows star-tul i ps have
increased markedly under this prescrip­
tion. H istorical ly, tree thinning was
probably accomplished by low-i ntensity
ground fi res, but with the successful fi re
suppression efforts of this century, a
shift towards denser white fir and
incense-cedar has occu rred i n what
34
would otherwise be an open mixed
conifer-black oak forest.
Experience in maintain ing viable
populations of sensitive species i n
dynamic forest, woodland, chaparral,
and grassland ecosystems throughout
their range on N FS lands has taught us
that "fence them and leave them" is
not always the best prescription. The
key o bjective for l ong-term sensitive
species management is not how m uch
forest management the species can tol­
erate, but rather, what kind of forest
management does the species need to
assure l ong-term conservatio n . Some
sensitive plants requ i re prescribed
management treatments, wh il e others,
i ncluding som e sensitive p lants occur­
ri ng on restrictive or unique hab itats
such as the pebble plains on the San
Bernard i no Nati onal Forest o r species
of serpentinite substrates, simply need
to be protected from groun d disturb­
i ng activities. Sensitive plant steward­
ship in Region 5 is indeed a dynamic
and chal lenging part of m u ltip le-use
reso urce conservation.
As the national forest inventories for
sensitive plants are com pleted,
l ong-range species and/or habitat
management gu ides are prepared and
i ncorporated into forest plans. These
guides are not i ntended to be exhaus­
tive, but are designed as work plans,
providing site-specific o bj ectives, activi­
ties, and time tables for i m p l ementa­
tion . The guides specify monitoring
and periodic review to ensure that the
guide is working to benefit the species.
As new data become available, they are
i n corporated i nto species management
gu ides. Effective implementation of
these guides should ensure the
l ong-term viabil ity of sensitive species,
there by p reventing the need to l ist the
species under Federal law.
Forest Su pervisors and District
Rangers can best manage sensitive
p lants on the N FS lands they ad m i n is­
ter if they have the m ost current infor­
mation. Therefore, forests have
developed specific methodologies for
collecting and maintai n i ng sensitive
RA R E P LA N T M A N A G E M E N T
plant data. I n addition, Region 5 has
signed a M emorand um of U nderstand­
ing with CN PS and CNDDB. All of the
sensitive plant data generated by
Region 5 are forwarded ann ually to
C N DDB and shared freely with CNPS.
Th is provides all i nterested parties with
the current d istri bution, population
trends, condition, and vigor for each
sensitive species that is i nventoried and
managed on NFS lands in Cal iforn ia.
What Are Region S
Forest Service
Accom p l ish ments Regard ing
Botanical Conservation ?
Region 5 developed the first Sensitive
Plant Program in the Forest Service,
and has a long history of conserving
rare and unique plants and plant com­
m u n ities. Th roughout N FS lands in
California there exists a great wealth of
places with unusual scenic, historic,
prehistoric, and biological val ues that
m erit special attenti on and manage­
m ent. Botanical areas are one of the
categories of"Special I nterest Areas"
(SIA's) that are identified in FSM sec­
tion 2462. Like other SIA's, botanical
areas are establ ished to protect sensi­
tive resources, and where appropriate,
to foster public education and enjoy­
m ent. As ofJanuary 1 , 2000, 68 botan­
ical areas had been formally
establ ished by the Regional Forester
pursuant to 36 CFR 294.1 a and i ncor­
porated into fi nal Forest Land Man­
agement Plans. Several potential
botan ical areas, many contai n i ng sen­
sitive plant species, are being evaluated
with CN PS's assistance. Qual ifying
botanical areas wi l l be establ ished
through amend ments to Forest Plans
with ful l p u b l i c review under the
N ational Enviro n mental Policy Act.
Other sensitive p lant occurrences are
within the 5 1 Research Natural Areas
( RNA's, FSM Section 4060) estab­
l ished for non-manipulative research
and study. Many proposed RNA's
await establ ish ment. RNA's are recom­
mended jointly by the Station Di rector
(of the research branch of the Forest
Service) and Regional Forester and are
established by the Chief of the Forest
Service in Washington, D.C. Botanical
values and biological d iversity are also
provided by Congressionally designat­
ed Wil derness, and Congressional ly­
designated Wil d and Scenic Rivers in
Cal iforn ia's N FS lands.
Helping the public discover and
appreciate their natural heritage is an
i m portant conservation activity for
botanists in the Forest Service. Each
national forest develops a p rogram of
activities designed to serve visitors.
Many botan ists work actively in their
l ocal com m u n ities to bring the conser­
vation m essage to schools and civic
groups. Forest Service botanists p ro­
vided su bstantial contributions to the
C N PS and DFG publ ication celebrati ng
the diversity of the California flora,
"Cal ifornia's Wild Gardens."
Concl usion
Sensitive plants on the national
forests and grasslands are a unique and
scientifically valuable resource. I per­
sonally encourage CN PS to conti nue to
assist the Forest Service in our sensitive
plant i nventory and conservation strat­
egy efforts. C N PS mem bers concerned
with sensitive plant management need
to continue to coordinate conservation
efforts with Forest personnel at the
local level, as they have during CN PS's
partici pation in the develo pment of
Forest Land Management Plans. This
involvement has been benefi cial for sen­
sitive resou rces on Cal ifornia's national
forests, and ed ucational for both CN PS
members and Forest Service planners
and biol ogists. Working together, we
can continue to conserve and manage
for viable populati ons of sensitive plant
species occurri ng on the national
forests and grasslands in Cal ifornia.
Brad ley E. Powell is the Regional Forester,
Pacific Southwest Region, USDA-Forest
Service, 1 32 1 C l u b Dr., Vallejo, CA 94592.
 Rare P l a n t Co n servat i o n
j
o n B u re a u of La n d M an age m e n t La n d s
J O H N W I L LO U G H BY
he B u reau of Land Manage­
ment ( B LM ) manages just over
1 4.5 m i l l i o n acres of p u b l ic
lands in California, including some in
a lm ost every one of Cal ifornia's 58
cou nties (the California State Office is
also responsib le for the m anagement
of an additional 1 .5 m i l l ion acres in
northwestern N evada). These public
lands are hab itat for many of the rare
plants included in this Inventory. Cur­
rently, 262 special status p lants are
known to occur on B LM lands in Cal i ­
fornia. A n additional 1 77 special sta­
tus p lants are suspected to occu r on
B LM lands, but their presence has not
yet been documented.
S pecial Status Plants
B LM uses the term "special status
plants" to include all of the fol l owing:
( 1 ) Federal ly-l isted and proposed
species; ( 2 ) Federal candidate species;
( 3 ) State-listed species; and ( 4) sensi­
tive species. Sensitive species are those
species that d o not meet any of the
first three criteria, but which are desig­
nated by the State Director for special
management consideratio n . Plants on
List 1 B ( Plants Rare, Threatened , or
Endangered i n Cal iforn ia and Else­
where) of the CN PS Inventory that do
not meet any of the first three criteria
are considered sensitive by B LM in Cal­
ifornia. Sensitive p lants receive the
same level of protection as Federal
candidate species.
Nationwide Bureau policy on the
management of special status species
( both plants and animals) is given in
B LM Manual 6840. Californ ia's policy
on the management of candidate and
sensitive p lants predates the national
policy and is generally more restrictive.
Cal iforn i a's pol icy was first developed
in 1 977 in recogn ition of the fact that
many candidate and sensitive plants
req u ire the same level of conservation
as Federal ly-listed plants. The policy is
to conserve and recover l i sted species
and to manage the habitats of candi­
d ate and sensitive species to ensure
that B LM actions do not contri bute to
the need to list any of these species.
The pol icy and guidel i nes for the man­
agement of special status plants i n Cal­
ifornia is given in California B LM
Manual Supplement 6840.06 and
Manual Handbook H-6840- 1 .
The B LM
Program i n Cal iforn ia
I n California, the B LM is conti nuing
to pursue the eight-point program out­
l ined i n previous edition of this Inventory.
Th is program consists of the fol lowing
elements: ( 1 ) inventory; ( 2 ) designation
of Areas of Critical Environmental Con­
cern (ACECs), including Research Nat­
u ral Areas ( RNAs); ( 3) mon itori ng; (4)
research; (5) protection and restora­
tion; (6) public ed ucation; (7) land
acq uisition; and (8) vol u nteer assis­
tance. Significant advances have been
made in all of these areas. Some exam­
ples are given below.
• I NVE NTO RY
BLM conducts two basic types of
i nventories: ( 1 ) N E PA-i nventories,
which assess the effects of actions B LM
authorizes or carries out on any special
status plant species that m ight be pres­
ent in a project area (these are req u ired
u nder the National Environ mental Pol i­
cy Act), and ( 2 ) species-d i rected i nven-
tories to better determi ne t he endan­
germent status of particular special
status p lants. The former, wh i le i m por­
tant, do not typically yield as m uch
useful i nformation as the latter. Th is is
because N EPA-inventories usually
cover o n ly small areas of public lands
and often yield negative i nformation
(they tel l us where the plants are not).
Species-directed inventories, on the
other hand, help determ ine whether
particular plant species should be
added or removed fro m the sensitive
species l ist. BLM has expended consid­
erable effort i n species-directed i nven­
tories throughout the State,
particul arly in the San J oaq u i n Val ley,
the Moj ave and Colorado d eserts, and
the Great Basin of northeastern Cal i­
forni a and I nyo and Mono cou nties.
Much, however, remains to be done.
• D ES I G NATI O N O F ACECS
AN D RNAS
B LM has designated 40 ACECs and
RNAs, covering more than 433,000
acres, specifically to protect rare p lants
and other botan ical resources ( five
more have been proposed for this pur­
pose) . Such designation req uires that
special management attention be given
to these i m portant resources. There is
an i ndication that add itional fu nd i ng
may be forthcom i ng beginn ing i n fiscal
year 2001 to manage ACECs, RNAs,
and other special areas.
• M O N ITO R I N G
M ost m o n itori ng b y B L M perso nnel
in Cal ifornia consists of returning to
known sites of special status p l ants,
observing any threats, fi l l i ng out Cali­
forni a Natural Diversity Database
field su rvey forms, and possi b ly esti-
35
36
Canbya candida
m ati ng the n u m ber of i n d ividuals
u s ing a l ogarith m i c scale ( 1 - 1 0,
1 1 -1 00, 1 0 1 - 1 000, etc . ) . Several
q u antitative stud ies are conducted
regu larly i n c l u d i ng mon itoring of spe­
cial status p l ants on Red Mo u nta i n ,
Mendocino County; i n Clear Creek
and vicin ity, San Benito Cou nty; in the
Red H i l ls, Tuo l u m ne County; at Ash
Val l ey, Lassen Cou nty; and i n several
vernal pools in the Sacram ento Val l ey.
Begi n n i ng i n 1 998, l ong-term m o n i ­
toring was i nitiated a t t h e Algodones
Du nes, I m perial Cou nty, to track the
status of the six special status p lants
fo u n d there , as wel l as the patterns of
off-h ighway vehicle ( O HV) use i n the
southern part of the d u n es. C N PS
employees and vo l u nteers have been
assisting B LM i n this effo rt.
R A R E P L A N T C O N S E RVAT I O N
• RE S EARCH
Some recent research activities
include a cooperative project w\ith
CN PS, the California Department of
Fish and Game (CDFG), and The
Nature Conservancy to investigate the
seed germination requirem ents and
rei ntroduction of Owens Val l ey
checkerbloom (Sidalcea covillei) i nto its
native alkali meadow habitat; a three
year study in cooperation with CDFG to
better understand com m u n ity i nterac­
tions and grazing i m pacts on six vernal
pool plants and macroinvertebrates in
Tehama County; a study of the ecology
of California vervain ( Verbena californica)
i n the Red H i l ls ofTuolumne County; a
cooperative study with the U .5. Fish
and Wildlife Service, CN PS, and the
U n iversity of Montana to investigate
the ecophysiology offish Slough m i l k­
vetch (Astragalus lentiginosus var. piscinen­
sis ); and a q uantitative vegetation
analysis of the Pine Dunes Research
Natural Area, Lassen Cou nty.
• PROTECT I O N A N D R ESTO RATI O N
Many actions have been taken to
protect and restore the habitat of spe­
cial status plants and rare plant com­
m u n ities. Recent exam ples include: ( 1 )
massive rem oval of European beach­
grass, yel low bush lupine, and iceplant
on coastal d unes where the endangered
plants, H u m boldt Bay wallflower (Erysi­
mum menziesii ssp. eurekense) and beach
layia ( Layia carnosa), and the rare pink
sand verbena (Abronia umbellata ssp. bre­
viflora) are being displaced by both the
invasive and soi l altering attributes of
these weeds; ( 2 ) cooperative projects
with CNPS and Desert Survivors to
revegetate alkal i meadow habitats
inhabited by the special status p lants,
alkali ivesia (!vesia kingii var. kingii) and
Hal l's meadow hawksbeard ( Crepis run­
cinata ssp. ha/Iii), that have been dam­
aged by OHVs; ( 3) extensive restoration
of riparian and wetland vegetation in
the Mojave and Colorado deserts; (4)
protective fencing around several spe­
cial status plant occurrences; and ( 5)
development of species management
guides and habitat management plans
to di rect future management of special
status plant habitat.
• PU B L I C E D U CATI O N
BLM conducts n umerous fi eld tri ps
and natural history tal ks, both in the
fi eld and in schools and com m u nities.
I nterpretive signs and kiosks also he lp
spread the word about the i m portance
of conserving California's rare flora.
BLM is cooperating with an ad hoc
committee of Federal , State, and con­
su lting botanists to develop a fi eld
guide to the rare plants of northern
Californ ia.
• LAN D A C Q U I S ITI O N
B LM has a very active land acqu isi­
tion program in California. Many of the
lands acqu ired support populations of
special status plants. For example,
more than 1 00,000 acres of val uable
rare plant and animal habitat have
been acqu ired i n the Carrizo Plai n; the
recent acqu isition of the Payne Ranch
in Lake and Colusa cou nties has
brought 1 ,000 acres of serpenti ne habi­
tat su pporting adobe-lily (Fritillaria pluri­
flora) into public ownership; and the
acquisition of 7,200 acres of the former
Fort Ord Army Base wi l l ensure that
some of the last undisturbed maritime
chaparral habitat in California and sev­
eral rare plant and animal species
remain in public ownership.
• VO L U NT E E R ASS I STA N C E
BLM d epends heavily o n the assis­
tance of vol u nteers, includ ing those
from the CNPS. Vol u nteers have
hel ped in inventories for special status
plants, in restoring ri parian and d u n e
areas, a n d i n helping patrol areas l i ke
Fort Ord to ensure that recreationists
stay on designated routes.
In Cal ifornia, B LM c u rrently employs
botanists i n its State Office and i n
eight of its 1 5 Field Offices. I n addition
to botanists, other B LM personnel -
including rangeland management spe-

cialists, wi l d l ife biologists, natural
resource specialists, and ecologists -
spend conside ra b l e ti m e and effort
o n rare plant managem ent.
A recent development with broad
i m p l ications for the management of
rare plants and plant com m u n ities is
the adoption by B LM of standards for
rangeland health . B LM policy and reg­
u lations req u ire that its rangelands
(which comprise m ost of the lands
managed by BLM i n California) meet
these standards. There are standards
for special status species, biodiversity,
soil p rot e ct ion, and ri parian/wetland
management. BLM is currently con­
d ucting rangeland health assessments
on a l l of its grazi ng al lotments in Cal i-
I
I
R A R E P LA N T C O N S E RV AT I O N
fornia. I nterd isci pl i nary teams visit
each allotment and conduct qualitative
assessments of both u pland and ri pari­
an/wetland areas. They also review
mon itori ng and other i nformation
already on hand. Based on this infor­
mation a determination is made on
whether the allotment is m eeting or
making significant progress toward
m eeti ng the standards. If not, a change
in grazing management m ust be made
before the start of the next grazing sea­
son . In add ition to standards that
m ust be achi eved and/or maintai ned,
the re are also guidelines which must be
com p l ied with in order to graze the
public rangelands. These include such
practices as al l owing periods of rest
37
from grazi ng pressure in order to main­
tain or i m p rove the vigor of perennial
plants, altering grazing management
to take advantage of episodic events
i m portant to plant recruitment, and
observing prescribed uti l ization l i m its.
The i m plementation of these standards
and guidelines should result in an even
greater BLM comm itment to the conser­
vation of the rare plants and plant com­
m unities on California's public lands.
John Wi llough by is State Botanist for the
Bureau of Land Management, 2800 Cot­
tage Way, Room W-1 834, Sacramento, CA
95825.
 j
CNPS Botanical Survey Guidelines
DECEMBER 9 , 1 983
R E VI S E D J U N E 2 , 2 0 0 1
h e fo l lowing recom m enda­
tions are intended to help
those wh o prepare and review
environ mental documents determ in e
when a botan ical survey is needed ,
who should be considered q ual ified to
cond uct such su rveys, how su rveys
should be conducted , and what infor­
mation sho u l d be contained in the sur­
vey report. The Cal ifornia Native Plant
Society recom mends that lead agencies
not accept the resu lts of surveys u n l ess
they are conducted and reported
accord ing to these guidel i nes.
1 . Botanical su rveys are conducted in
order to d eterm ine the environ men­
tal effects of proposed projects on
all botanical resources, including
special status plants ( rare, th reat­
ened, and endangered plants) and
plant (vegetation) commun ities.
S pecial status pl ants are not l i m ited
to those that have been listed by
state and federal agencies but
incl ude any plants that, based on all
avai lable data, can be shown to be
rare, threatened, or endangered
under the fol l owing defi n itions:
A species, subspecies, or variety of
plant is "endangered" when the
prospects of its survival and repro­
d uction are in i m m ed iate jeopardy
fro m one or more causes, includ­
ing l oss of habitat, change i n habi­
2. Botanical surveys must be conduct­
tat, over-exploitation, predation,
com petition, or disease. A plant is
"threatened" when it is l i kely to
become end angered in the foresee­
able future in the absence of pro­
tection measures. A plant is " rare"
when, altho ugh not presently
threatened with extinction, the
species, subspecies, or variety is
38
fo und in such small n u m bers
throughout its range that it may
be endangered if its environ ment
worsens.1
Rare plant (vegetatio n ) commu nities
are those commu nities that are of
h ighly l i m ited distri b ution. These
communities may or may not con­
tain special status plants. The most
current version of the Cal ifornia N at­
u ral Diversity Database's List ofCali­
fornia Terrestrial Natural Communities2
should be used as a guide to the
names and status of com m u n ities.
Consistent with the California Native
Plant Society's goal of preserving
p l ant biod iversity on a regional and
l ocal scale, and with California Envi­
ron mental Quality Act environmen­
tal i m pact assessment criteria3,
su rveys should also assess i m pacts to
l ocally significant plants. Both plants
and plant com m u nities can be con­
sid ered significant iftheir local
occu rrence is on the outer l i m its of
known d istri bution, a range exten­
sion, a rediscovery, or rare or
u ncommon in a local context (such
as with i n a cou nty or region). Lead
agencies should address i m pacts to
these l ocally u n i q u e botan ical
resources regard less of their status
elsewhere in the state.
ed to determ ine if, or to the extent
that, special status or l ocally signifi­
cant plants and plant com m u n ities
wil l be affected by a proposed proj­
ect wh en any natural vegetation
occurs on the site and the proj ect
has the potential for d i rect or i ndi­
rect effects on vegetation.
3 . Those conducting botanical surveys
must possess the followi ng q ual ifica­
tions:
a. Experience conducting floristic
field su rveys;
b. Knowledge of plant taxonomy and
plant commu nity ecology and clas­
sification;
c. Fam i I iarity with the p lants o f the
area, including special status and
locally sign ificant p lants;
d. Fam i l iarity with the appropriate
state and federal statutes related
to plants and plant collecting; and,
e. Experience with analyzi ng i m pacts
of a project on native plants and
co m m u nities.
4. Botan ical surveys should be con­
du cted in a manner that wil l locate
any special status or local ly signifi ­
cant plants or plant com m u n ities
that may be present. Specifical ly,
botan ical surveys should be:
a. Condu cted in the field at the prop­
er times ofyear when special sta­
tus and locally significant plants
are both evident and identifiable.
When special status p lants are
known to occur in the type(s) of
habitat present in the project area,
nearby accessible occ u rrences of
the plants ( reference sites) should
be observed to determi ne that the
pl ants are identifiable at the time
of su rvey.
b. Floristic i n nature. A floristic sur­
vey requ i res that every plant
observed be identified to species,
su bspecies, or variety as applica­
ble. In order to properly character­
ize the site, a com pl ete list of
plants observed on the site shall
 C N P S B O TA N I C A L S U RV E Y G U I D E L I N E S
be included i n every botan ical sur­
vey report. I n additio n , a sufficient
n u m ber ofvisits spaced through­
out the growi ng season is neces­
sary to p re pare an accurate
i nventory of all plants that exist on
the site. The n u m ber of visits and
the timing between visits m ust be
d etermi ned by geographic l oca­
tion, the plant com m u n ities pres­
ent, and the weather patterns of
the year(s ) in wh ich the su rveys are
5. Com plete reports of botanical sur­
( conducted.
c . Conducted i n a manner that is
consistent with conservatio n eth ics
and accepted plant collection and
d ocu mentation techniq ues4,s. Col­
l ections (voucher specimens) of
special status and locally signifi­
cant plants should be made,
u n l ess such actions wo uld jeop­
ard ize the contin u ed existence of
the population. A single sheet
should be coll ected and d eposited
at a recognized p u b l ic herbari u m
for future reference. All collections
shall be made in accordance with
applicable state and fed eral perm it
requ i rements. Photography may
be used to document plant identi­
fication o n ly wh en the population
cannot withstand collecti on of
voucher specimens.
d. Conducted using systematic field
techniq ues in a l l habitats of the
site to ensure a thorough coverage
of potential i mpact areas. All habi­
tats withi n the project site m ust be
su rveyed thoroughly in order to
properly i nventory and docu ment
the plants present. The level of
effort requ i red per given area and
habitat is d ependent u pon the veg­
etation and its overall d iversity and
structural complexity.
e. Well d oc u mented . When a special
status plant (or rare p l ant com­
m u n ity) is l ocated, a California
N ative S pecies ( o r Com m u n ity)
Field S u rvey Form or e qu ivalent
written form, accom panied by a
copy of the appro p riate portion
r
of a 7. 5 - m i nute topogra p h i c map
with the occurrence mapped,
shall be com pl eted, i ncluded
with i n the survey report, and sep­
arately subm i tted to the Califor­
n ia N atural Diversity Database.
Po p ulation boundaries should be
mapped as accurately as possi ble.
The n u m ber of i nd ivid uals i n each
popu latio n should be counted or
esti m ated, as appro p ri ate.
veys shall be incl uded with all envi­
ronmental assessment documents,
includ ing N egative Declarations and
M itigated N egative Declarations,
Ti mber H arvesting Plans, Environ­
mental I m pact Reports, and Envi­
ronmental I mpact Statements.
S u rvey reports shall contain the fol­
lowing information:
a. Project location and description,
includ ing:
1 .A detailed map of the l ocation
and footpri nt of the proposed
project.
2 . A detailed descri ption of the
proposed project, incl u d i ng one­
time activities and ongoi ng activ­
ities that may affect botanical
resources.
3 . A descri ption of the general bio­
logical setti ng of the project area.
b. Methods, i nc l u d i ng:
1 . Survey methods for each of the
habitats present, and rationale
for the methods used .
2. Descri ption of reference site(s)
visited and phenological devel­
opment of the target special sta­
tus plants, with an assessment of
any conditions differing from the
project site that may affect their
identification.
3 . Dates of su rveys and rationale
for ti m i ng and i ntervals; names
of personnel conducti ng the sur­
veys; and total hours spent i n
t h e fi el d for each su rveyor on
each date.
39
4. Locati on of deposited voucher
specimens and herbaria visited.
c. Results, i ncluding:
1 . A description and map ofthe
vegetation commun ities on the
project site. The current stan­
dard fo r vegetati o n classifica­
tion, A Manual ofCalifornia
Vegetation 6, should be used as a
basis for the habitat descri p­
tions and the vegetation map. If
another vegetation classification
system is used, the report must
reference the system and p rovid e
the reason for its use.
2 . A description of the phenology
of each of the pl ant communi­
ties at the ti me of each survey
date.
3 . A l ist of all plants observed on
the proj ect site using accepted
scientific nomenclature, along
with any special status designa­
tion. The reference(s) used for
scientific nomenclature shall be
cited.
4. Written descri ption and d etailed
map(s) sh owi ng the location of
each special status or l ocally sig­
nifi cant plant fo und, the size of
each popu lation, and method
used to estimate or census the
population.
5 . Copies of all California Native
Species Field Su rvey Forms or
Natural Com m u n ity Field Survey
Forms and accompanyi ng maps.
d . Discussion, i nc l udi ng:
1 .Any factors that may have affect­
ed the results of the surveys (e.g. ,
drought, human disturbance,
recent fi re) .
2 . Discussion of any special local
or range-wide significance of any
plant population or com m u n ity
on the site.
3. An assessment of potential
i mpacts. Th is shall include a
map showi ng the distri bution of
special status and l ocally sign ifi ­
cant plants and comm un ities on
40 C N P S B O TA N I C A L S U R V E Y G U I D E L I N E S

the site in relation to the pro­

posed activities. Direct, indirect,
and c u m u lative i m pacts to the
plants and commun ities shall be
d iscussed.
4. Recommended measures to
avoid and/or mi n imize d i rect,
indirect, and cumu lative i mpacts.

e. References cited and persons con­

tacted.

f. Qualifications of fi eld personnel

i ncluding any special experience
with the habitats and special sta­
tus plants present on the site.

• N OTES

1 . Cal iforn ia Envi ronmental Qual ity Act

Guideli nes, § 1 5065 and § 1 5380.
2 . List of Californ ia Terrestrial Natural
Com m u n ities. Cal ifornia D e partm en t of
Fish and Game N atural Diversity Data­
base. Sacramento, CA.
3. Cal ifornia Environmental Qual ity Act
Guideli nes, Append ix G ( I n itial Study
Environmental Checklist).
4. Collecti ng Guidelines and Documenta­
tion Techniq ues. California Native Plant
Society Policy ( adopted March 4, 1 995).
5 . Ferren, W. R., J r. , D.L. Magney, and T.A.
Sholars. 1 99 5 . The Future of California
Floristics and Systematics: Collecti ng
Guid e l i nes and Documentation Tech­
niq ues. Madrofio 4 2 ( 2 ) : 1 97-2 1 0.
6. Sawyer, JO. and T. Keeler-Wolf. 1 99 5 . A
Manual ofCalifornia Vegetation. California
Native Plant Society. Sacramento, CA.
471 pp. Penstemon filiforrnis
 C N PS Po l i c i es a n d State m e n ts Regard i n g Rare P l a nts
Po licy Regardi ng
M itigation of I m pacts to
Rare and Endangered Plants
c The pol icy of the California N ative
Plant Society is that all potential direct,
i n d i rect, and c um u lative i m pacts to
rare, threatened, or endangered plants
and their hab itats must be assessed
and that appropriate m easures be
i m p lemented to prevent such i m pacts
resulting from proj ects. The pol icy of
the Society is also that environmental
documents and m itigation plans be
based on complete, accu rate, and cur­
rent scientific informatio n . Viabi l ity of
rare, threatened, or endangered plants
and their habitats takes precedence
over economic or political exped iency.
Because of the tremendous d iversity of
rare p lant habitats in Cal ifornia, and
the d ependence of rare pl ants on their
local habitats, it is imperative that m it­
igation m easures be d evelo ped on a
site-specific basis. Local environ mental
conditions, species biology, land use
patterns, and other factors must be
i n corporated i nto the design of mitiga­
tion plans.
The goals of this pol icy are to pre­
ve nt the d ec li ne of rare p lants and their
habitats and to ensure that effective
rare plant preservation measures are
i m p lemented .
Of the m itigation measures listed in
the California Environm ental Qual ity
Act, the Society ful ly endorses only that
of avoiding the i m pact. Measures to
m i n i m ize, to rectify, or to red uce or
elimi nate the i mpact over time are rec­
ognized by the Society as partial m iti­
gation. The Society d oes not recognize
off-site compensation as m itigation.
Guideli nes for proj ect review and
evaluation of m itigation proposals are
avai lable from the Cal ifornia Native
Plant Society.
Adoptedjune 1 987 by the
CNPS Board ofDirectors
Statement O p posi ng
Tran splantation as Mitigation
for I m pacts to Rare Plants
Th e California State Legislature
enacted the N ative Plant Protection
Act ( N PPA) i n 1 977. The N PPA i denti­
fies wid e-rangi ng and broad categories
of activities on private lands that
could result in the take ( ki l l i ng) of
state-l isted plants. These activities
include: ( 1 ) agricultural operations or
management practices i ncl uding clear­
i ng of land, ( 2 ) land clearing for fire
contro l , ( 3 ) tim ber operations i n
accordance with a l egal timber har­
vesti ng plan, (4) m i n i ng assessment
work, ( 5 ) performance by a publ i c
agency or p u b l i c uti l ity of its obl iga­
tion to provide service to the public,
(6) rem oval of listed plants from (a) a
canal , ( b ) lateral ditch, ( c ) b u i l d i ng
site, ( d ) road, or ( e ) other right of way
by the owner of the land. Few land use
or management activities fa l l outside
of these categories. U n der one i nter­
pretation of Section 1 9 1 3 of the
N PPA, land owners who wish to
engage in any of the afo rementioned
activities, and who have been
i nformed by the California Depart­
ment of Fish and Game ( Departm ent)
of the presence of state-l isted plants
on their property, need only provide
1 0 day notice and give the Depart­
ment the opportun ity to salvage the
p lants before proceedi ng. Th is wo uld
be the sole mitigatio n req uired for
destruction of listed p lants or their
habitat i n these cases.
Recent regulatory proposals by the
Department, statements by the Califor­
n ia Attorney General , and activities in
the courts and the state l egislature, sig­
nal that N PPA's provisions on trans­
plantation may soon become the
major, possibly the on ly, form of"pro­
tection" from u n l i m ited take for a l l
state-l isted plant taxa. For these rea­
sons, it has become necessary to review
the reasons why rel iance on transplan­
tati on to conserve state-listed plant
species is not only u n l i kely to succeed ,
but is l i kely to contribute to further
dec l i nes of these taxa, possibly to wide­
spread exti ncti ons.
Transplantation is rarely successful
in establishing rare plants at new loca­
tions. A study by the Department itself
( Fiedler, 1 99 1 ) found that, even under
opti m u m conditions with ample time
for planning, transplantation was effec­
tive in only 1 5% of cases studied. Other
reviews (e.g. Allen, 1 994; Howald,
1 996) have found similar problems.
There are many reasons for this poor
success rate:
1 . We often know very l ittle about the
biology of rare plants. We may not
be aware of all the intricate habitat
requ i rem ents of each listed species.
Rare plants are often specialists that
exploit a particular and un usual
combination of habitat attri butes.
They may requi re a particular soil
type, set of pol l inators, mycorh izal
fu ngi or other associate species,
aspect, hydrological regime, m icro­
climate or some combination of
these or other factors for survival.
41
42
2 . Su itable transplantation or propaga­
tion sites may not be avai lable, par­
ticularly with only 1 0 days notice.
3. Digging up, transporting, and
replanting plants, bulbs, rh izomes or
seeds i mposes a tremendous stress
on a plant. They can easily die in the
process.
4. Scientifical ly-tested , rel iable meth­
ods for salvage, propagation,
translocation or transpl antation are
not available for many rare species.
5 . Areas where the i m pacted taxon is
already present are often at the car­
ryi ng capacity of the habitat, and the
i ntrod uction of transplanted i n d ivid­
uals into the existing population wil l
d isru pt the eq u i l i brium of that popu­
l ation and wi l l not i ncrease the via­
b i lity of the taxon .
6 . Th e 1 0-day notice provision means
that landown ers can req u ire the
Department to salvage plants at any
time of the year, including times that
are inappropriate for physical dis­
ruption of the plant. Annual species
may not even be visible at some
ti mes of the year.
Transp lantation can also cause
problems at the target site. Genetic
conta m i nation can occur ifthe p lant
being transplanted can exchange
genetic material with l ocal taxa. Dis­
tu rbance at the target site m ay facili­
tate i nvasion by non-native i nvasive
species.
For al I of these reasons, the Cal ifor-
n ia Native Plant Society ( C N PS) d oes
not recognize off-site compensation as
appropriate m itigation for project
i m pacts and opposes the use of salvage
and transp lantation as mitigation for
i m pacts to rare and l i sted plants (Cali­
fornia Native Plant Society Rare Plant
Scientific Advisory Comm ittee, 1 9 9 1 ).
The und ersigned i nd ivid uals, botani­
cal societies and organ izations oppose
the use of transplantation as the p ri­
mary means of conservation of rare
plant species.
C N P S P O L I C I E S A N D S TAT E M E N T S
Signed,
Lori Hubbart, President,
California Native Plant Society
Barbara Ertter, Ph. D., Chair, CNPS
Rare Plant Scientific Advisory Committee
Ann Dennis, Ph. D.,
CNPS Vice President for Rare Plants
Carol C. Baskin, Ph. D.,
President, Botanical Society ofAmerica
J u ly 9, 1 998
• LITERAT U R E C IT E D
Allen, W. H . 1 994. Rei ntrod uction o f
endangered plants: biologists worry that
m itigation may be considered an easy
option in the political and legal frame­
works of conservation. Bioscience 44(2):
65-8.
California Native Plant Society Rare Plant
Scientific Advisory Com m ittee. 1 99 1 .
M itigation G u ideli nes Regard ing
I m pacts to Rare, Threatened and
Endangered Plants. Califo rnia Native
Plant Society, Sacramento, CA.
Fied ler, P. 1 99 1 . M itigation related trans­
plantatio n , translocation and rei ntro­
d u cti o n projects i n volvi n g en d a n gere d
and threatened and rare plant species
i n Cali fo rn ia. California Department of
Fish and Game, Sacramento, CA. 82
pp.
Howald, A.M. 1 996. Translocation as a
m itigation strategy: lessons from Cali­
fornia. In: D.A. Falk, C . I . M i l l ar, and M .
Olwell eds. Restoring Diversity: Strategies for
Reintroduction ofEndangered Plants. I sland
Press, Wash i ngton, D.C.
Poli cy on Appropriate
Application of Ex Situ
Conservation Techn iques
The Cal iforni a Native Plant Society
has always emphasized and wi l l always
emphasize in situ approaches to the
conservation of rare and endangered
plants. In situ conservation protects
and enhances populations and species
by protecting appropriate habitat with­
in the historic range of the target
species. In situ conservation is regarded
by this society and by existing biologi-
cal resource laws as the best available
approach for conserving biological
diversity at the species l evel .
In recent years, however, i t has
become clear that the rates of endan­
germent and extinction of entire species
are accelerating. Habitat destruction
remains the principle reason for accel­
erated endangerment in Cal ifornia, the
nation, and the world . The destruction
of biological ly val uable habitat must be
slowed, if not stopped, by using politi­
cal, legislative, and economic strate­
gies. Nevertheless, we recognize that for
some species the risk of extinction is so
high that only aggressive and extraord i­
nary measures may affect their conser­
vation. Such measures remove plants or
propagules from their habitats i nto
co ld storage, gardens, or managed
sites in the hope that the species can be
reestablished in the wild at some later
date. Those measures fall under the
realm of ex situ conservation.
Ex situ conservation i nvolves a tem­
porary, short-term set of germ plasm
preservation techniques that are usual­
ly applied as choices of last resort. The
techni ques include, but are not l i m ited
to: propagule col lection from natural
populations and cryogenic storage,
garden propagation, tissue cu lture,
transplantation, and the establ ishment
of new populations i n nature. Such
techniq u es do not conserve all of the
genetic variation, the metapop u lation
characteristics, the symbionts, the
associated species, the com m u n ity as a
whole, the habitat, or the ecosystem of
the endangered plant. Consequently,
they do not conserve a species in its
entirety and they do not conserve a
species withi n its evol utionary and eco­
l ogical contexts. For these reasons and
also because we lack a sol i d knowledge
of the effectiveness and Ii m its of ex situ
techniq ues at this time, we view the
appl ication of such tech ni q ues with
scientific skepticism .
H owever, the mem bers of C N PS rec­
ogn ize the gravity of the extinction
problem and wil l not oppose the use of

certai n ex situ conservation techniques
u nder certai n circu mstances. Those cir­
cumstances can be su m marized as one
of two general types:
1 . During mandated recovery of endan­
gered species, ex situ techniques may
be essential for establishing new pop­
ulations when all extant natural pop­
ulations are ful ly protected in situ.
Th is approach, if successfu l , can
result in a gross (as o pposed to net)
increase in the n umber of extant pop­
u lations of an endangered species.
All recovery activities, i ncl uding those
which use ex situ tech niq u es, m ust be
d esigned and executed by q ual ified
biologists with the approval of rele­
vant state and federal government
agencies (e.g., California Department
of Fish and Game, U.S. Fish and
Wi ldl ife Service).
2 . During the analysis of exti nction
probabilities for a given species ( usu­
ally based on demographic or mini­
m u m viable populati on stud ies) it is
determined that the remaining natu­
ral population(s) is (are) l i kely to go
extinct in the near future due to sto­
chastic, genetic, or natural ecological
factors. This approach can m i n i m ize
the effect of d egenerative exti nction
processes that are effective wh en the
population(s) is (are) very smal l .
Such analysis must b e conducted by
q ualified biologists with the approval
of relevant state and federal govern­
ment agencies (e.g., Cal ifornia
Department of Fish and Game,
U .S. Fish and Wil d life Service) .
We continue to strongly oppose the
use of ex situ conservation techniques
u nder the fo ll owing circumstances:
1 . When applied as m itigati on for
h uman-caused i m pacts to natural
populations other than those
i mpacts which operate on a global
scale (e.g., global warm i ng, acid
rain). Losses of plant populations
considered "significant" under the
Californ ia Environmental Quality Act
C N P S P O L I C I E S A N D S TA T E M E N T S
(CEQA) or the National Environ­
mental Pol i cy Act ( N E PA) cannot be
mitigated to less-than-signifi cant lev­
els using ex situ conservation tech­
niques. Decreases in the n u m ber of
individ u als and popu lations of an
endangered plant i m pacted by
hu man activity cannot be compen­
sated for i n this man ner.
2. When adeq uate ecological i nforma­
tion does not exist for the remai ning
natural populations of a target
species. Adeq uate stud ies of micro­
habitat selection, fec u ndity, essential
pollinators, co m m u n ity relation­
shi ps, and other i m portant biologi­
cal characteristics m u st be
completed before seeds or other
plant materials are removed from
natural habitats for an ex situ conser­
vation effort.
3 . When reestabl ishment in the wil d of
plant material stored ex situ co u l d
result i n genetic contamination of
existing wil d populations ofthe same
or d i fferent taxa. Such reestabl ish­
ment projects m ust be carefu l ly
reviewed to protect the target species
from genetic contamination.
4. When the ex situ techniq ues are not
based on scientifi c pri ncip les or
facts, or when the methods and
resu lts of such projects are not fu l ly
doc u mented.
5 . Wh en an ex situ conservation effort is
not designed or conducted by q uali­
fied biologists or with the kn owledge
and consent of relevant govern men­
tal agencies ( e.g., Cal ifornia Depart­
ment of Fish and Game, U.S. Fish
and Wi l d l ife Service).
• G LO S S A RY
cryogenic preservation: sto rage of rare
materials at very low tem peratures
( usually below -25 C)
ex situ conservation: conserving a
germ plasm, species, or natural com­
m u n ity i n the absence of its natural
43
habitat or ecosystem , usually by
rem oving propagul es from the habi­
tat and storing them temporari ly
"off site" (e.g., in a freezer, botanical
garden, etc . )
germplasm: the contents o f a species'
genes, the actual genetic material
( DNA contained in chro mosomes)
in situconservation: conserving a
germ pl asm, species, or com m u n ity
with i n its natural habitat or ecosys­
tem .
metapopulation: one o f several i nter­
acting popu lations of a species
propagule: any l iving material that can
be used to propagate a species;
incl u des seeds, fru its, rh izomes,
stol ons, or buds
species: fundamental category i n a tax­
onomic hierarchy, a "kind" of organ­
ism which shares similar appearance,
ecology and behavior with others of
its kind in time and space. For pur­
poses of this document it includes
su bspecies, varieties, and other
legally-recognized categories of
organisms.
stochastic: random, u n predictable
symbionts: di fferent kinds of organ­
isms that m ust l ive together in order
to m utually prosper
Adopted September 1 992 by
the CNPS Board ofDirectors
Policy with Regard
to Plant Co l lecting fo r
Ed u cational Pu rposes
The Cal ifornia Native Plant Society
( C N PS ) supports the use of plant and
wi l dflower col l ections as a val i d means
of provid i ng stu dents at many educa­
tional levels with knowledge of and
appreciation for the wonder, diversity,
and beauty of plant l ife. However, to
avoid breaking the law or damaging
the viability of populations of plants,
the instructor must m ake known sever-
44
al i mportant poi nts to the students
who wi l l be making the col l ections.
There are two levels of col lection for
ed ucational and scientific purposes
which are considered in this pol icy: ( 1 )
Col lection of plant specimens for
herbaria, and (2) Co l l ections of plant
and wi ldflower speci mens for lower
l evel science and biology classes. M ost
of the consid erations d iscussed apply
to both levels.
• It is i l legal to collect plants along a
highway right of way, in National
Parks, National Monu ments or
National Forests, State Parks, or
m ost local parks without a col l ecting
permit. Plants and wil dflowers grow­
i ng in such locations are part of a
natural system designed for p ub l ic
enjoyment, and i n m ost cases should
be left to natural processes. Perm its
for col lecti ng pl ants m ust be
obtai ned from the appropriate
su pervising agency.
• It is l egal and permissible to col l ect
wi ldflowers on private lands provid­
ed that permission of the landowner
is obtained. Particularly appropriate
sites for col lection are lands slated
for development.
• It is the respo nsi b i l ity of the instruc­
tor to ensure that the stud ents are
made aware of rare plants endemic
to the area i n which the col lecti ng is
to take place, and to caution the stu­
dents against collecting these plants.
It is not appropriate (and there are
su bstantial penalties ) to allow col­
lection of rare or endangered plants,
and areas known to contain rare
pl ants should be avoided. The
i nstructor may contact CN PS to fi n d
o u t about rare pl ants i n th e area in
q uestion.
• To increase the environ mental
awareness associated with making
the collection, the students should
be req uested to observe and d escribe
the habitat in which the plant was
growi ng.
C N P S P O L I C I E S A N D S TAT E M E N T S
• Col l ecting (at the h igh-school or
l ower d ivision col lege leve l ) shou ld
be l i m ited to the taking of as little of
the plant as necessary to al low iden­
tification.
• Al l collecting activities should be
done inconspicuously, so that casual
( u n i nformed ) observers are not
encouraged to do l i kewise.
• CN PS encou rages all botany and sci­
ence i nstructors to use co m mon,
especially weedy or garden, species
for demonstrating collecting tech­
niq ues, plant structures, and d i ag­
nostic featu res.
• The primary reason for collecting
plants for herbaria is to increase
knowledge of Cal ifornia's flora.
Repeated col lecting in wel l - known
areas may serve no useful purpose.
Wh il e it is i m portant to document
the d istri bution of plants, includ ing
rare species, it is critical to first eval­
uate the i m pact of collecti ng on the
plant population. Known and docu­
mented populations of rare plants
should not be subject to additional
col lection.
• A key to ensuring preservation of
Cal ifornia's diverse flora and fauna is
to deve lop a public informed about
the val ue of these natural resources.
For this reason , C N PS encourages
l i m ited and discri m i nating collection
of plants as part of the educational
process.
AdoptedJune 1 993 by the
CNPS Board ofDirectors
Po li cy on Col lecti ng
G u ideli nes and
Doc u mentation Tec h n iq u es
Little or no botanical data are being
gathered or supported by voucher col­
l ections on Cal iforn i a's flora wh i l e
more and more of Californ ia's botani­
cal heritage is being l ost to urban and
agricultural development.
The Californi a Native Plant Society
recommends that voucher specimens
be col lected and stored appropriately
to docu ment fl oristic data i ncl uded i n
environ mental review projects a n d sci­
entific studies, and that scientific docu­
mentation methods and needs should
be incl uded i n academic curricu la, as
outl i ned in the fo l l owing 1 4 recom­
mendations.
• Recom mendation 1 : Environmental
review projects (e.g., environ mental
im pact reports [ E I Rs] and statements
[ EISs ] , environmental assessments
[ EAs] , i nitial studies and negative dec­
larations, natural environmental stud­
ies) that are conducted in the State of
California and that include botanical
field observations should also include
voucher specimens, and/or photo­
graphic documentation consistent
with existing standards, deposited i n
o n e o r more herbaria listed in Index
Herbariorurn, Ed. 8 ( Hol mgren et al.
1 990) or su bsequent editions.
• Recommendation 2 : Th e thorough­
ness of documentation for a particu­
lar project should be commensurate
to the i m portance of the study, but
in any case should i nclude col l ection
of voucher specimens for target
species stud ies and noteworthy
botanical observations (e.g., range
extensions; state and cou nty records;
rediscoveries) .
• Recommendation 3 : Clients (e.g. ,
private or p u b l ic perm it applicants)
for whom environ mental stud ies are
cond ucted should be held fi nancially
responsibl e for the col lection, identi­
fication, and cu ration of botanical
vouchers; otherwise, there is l ittle
ch ance that documentation wil l
i m prove.
• Recommendation 4: Col l ection of
botanical vouchers and the deposi­
tion of them in formal herbaria
should be a requirement of the CEQA
and NEPA processes. CN PS recom­
mends that the responsible agencies
and legislative bodies undertake a

review of state and federal legislation
and make appropriate amendments
that wil l result in the collection and
preparation of botanical vouchers
becoming a formal part of the envi­
ronmental review process.
• Recommendation 5: Preparation of
botanical voucher speci mens should
be encouraged as an i m po rtant part
of the scientific process. I n stitutions
and d epartments that support
herbaria should develop pol icies
regarding the deposition of vouchers
by students, staff, and faculty. Sup­
port for herbaria should come not
o n ly from the host i nstitution or
department, but also from the users
who d eposit specimens. Agencies or
corporations that fund research
should be made aware of the i mpor­
tance of voucher specimens and
should req uest that the preparation
and cu ration of vo uchers be includ­
ed as a regu lar part of proposals and
budgets.
• Recom mendation 6: Academic insti­
tutions should include in their curric­
ula opportu nities to expose students
to the i mportance of scientific docu­
mentation and the need to prepare
and preserve botanical and other bio­
logical voucher specimens. There is an
urgent need to educate students in
the i m portance and functions of sys­
tematics col lections, whether these
students anticipate a future in aca­
demic or applied science or want to
be wel l-rounded citizens with under­
standing of experimental processes or
Cal ifornia's natural resources.
• Recom m endation 7: Herbari um
specimen collectors and label pre­
parers should take every opportun ity
to include a wide range of hi erarchi­
cal geographic and habitat data on
speci men labels, consistent with
existi ng standards, that wi l l i ncrease
the usefu l ness of specimens and wi l l
m ake access t o the information pos­
sible through computerization of
label data.
C N P S P O L I C I E S A N D S TAT E M E N T S
• Reco m m endation 8: One category of
hi erarchical data associated with
herbariu m speci mens should be that
which ( 1 ) identifies the project for
which the specimen serves as a
voucher, ( 2 ) lists the c l i ent, agency,
and/or institution associated with
the project, and ( 3 ) names the
report in which the speci men is
cited.
• Recommendation 9: I nvestigate the
feasi b i l ity of i ntegrating voucher
speci men label data with computeri­
zation efforts such as the Specimen
Management System for Cal ifornia
Herbaria (SMASCH ) to provide
mechan isms for biogeographical and
floristic stud ies.
• Recommen dation 1 0 : CN PS recom­
mends that the Association of Cal i­
forn ia Herbaria (AC H ) should take
an active role in organizing support
for and preservation of Cal ifornia's
herbaria.
• Recom mendation 1 1 : The Associa­
tion of Cal ifornia Herbaria, CN PS,
and the Cal iforn ia Botanical Society
(CBS) should coordinate their activi­
ties toward ( 1 ) preservation of Cal i­
forn ia's botanical heritage; (2)
long-term su pport for Cal iforn ia's
botanical education and docum enta­
tion centers; and ( 3 ) im proved docu­
mentation of California's botanical
resources through i m plementation of
statewide pol icies regarding the col­
lecti on, preparation, and curation of
voucher specimens for academic and
applied environmental and experi­
mental botanical stud ies.
• Reco m m endation 1 2 : Local , state,
and federal agencies should
strengthen and expand ( 1 ) thei r
req ui rements for documentation of
enviro n mental reports, particularly
the req u i rement for voucher speci­
mens; and ( 2 ) their relatio nsh i p with
academic institutions and organiza­
tions (e.g., ACH , C N PS, CBS) to
assist with the professional docu-
45
mentation of environ mental work
and with the education of future
agency staff and consu ltants; and
(3) their support for herbaria that
house voucher speci mens, which
docu ment the botan ical resources of
public lands and which document
the d iscl osures i n reports req ui red by
the CEQA and N E PA processes.
• Recom men dation 1 3 : Regulatory
agencies and other responsible par­
ties should consider developing a for­
mal interrelationship between ( 1 )
agencies or their consu ltants and ( 2 )
academic institutions or museums,
whereby the institutions wou l d pro­
vide for fee the botan ical documenta­
tion portion of environmental
reviews. Such an arrangement would
red uce or eliminate any burden p ub­
l i c agencies or private corporations
m ight antici pate collecti ng and cu rat­
ing botanical voucher speci mens,
wh ile i nsuri ng the col l ection and
preservation of i m portant specimens.
• Recomm endati on 1 4: The academic
i nstitutions of Cal ifornia with botany
programs and herbaria should con­
tinue and expand support for those
programs and herbaria. The d ocu­
mentati on and preservation of Cal i­
fornia's botanical heritage and the
future of botan ical research depend
upon the ed ucation of scientists,
resource managers, plan ners, and
consu ltants who have strong back­
grounds in professional botan ical
training.
Adopted March 1 995 by the
CNPS Board ofDirectors
Po l i cy on Nonvascu l ar Plants
• CO N C E RNS RELATI N G TO
C O N S E RVAT I O N O F N O N ­
VAS C U LA R P LA NTS
The Cal ifornia Native Plant Society
is concerned that nonvascular p lants
(cryptograms) such as l ichens, algae,
fu ngi, mosses, and l iverworts are not
usually considered to be a biological
46
resource by resource agencies or other
lead agencies in Cal ifornia Environ­
mental Qual ity Act (CEQA) or General
Plan Law documents.
By their u b i q uity, abundance, and
diversity, nonvascu lar plants are an
i m portant component of the Cal ifor­
nia fl ora. Many occupy habitats i n hos­
pitable to vascular p lants and may be
the only plant organisms that occu py
certain sites.
These plants, macro- and m icro­
scopic, are critical and essential within
the i ntegrated ecosystems. They pro­
vide habitat, forage, and refuge for ter­
restrial and aquatic vertebrates and
i nvertebrates. They modify soil or rock
s u bstrate which may allow other plants
to attach and grow, thereby i ncreasing
the potential d iversity of habitat. They
red uce organic material and enhance
u ptake of nutrients by other plants,
perhaps servi ng as symbionts, and fix
nitrogen that becomes available to
other organisms.
No nvascular plants have been
red uced in n u m ber, d iversity, abun­
dance, and range (as many species in
natural areas) by the red uction in habi­
tat area. Aq uatic ( freshwater and
marine) and terrestrial (desert, forest,
grassland, scrub, chaparral, and wood­
land) systems have all been affected to
some extent by h u man activity and all
contain nonvascu lar plants. Some
gro u ps of nonvascu lar plants can be
used to indicate the environmental
health of an area. Popu lation changes
C N P S P O L I C I E S A N D S TAT E M E N T S
o f some species may b e valuable for
measuring the effects of h uman activi­
ties on the environment. For example,
the loss of l ichens may i ndicate
i ncreased air poll utants. The loss of
mosses may suggest a decrease in soil
moisture. A change in the relative abun­
dance of algae may indicate chemical
or tem perature changes of water.
With these thoughts in m ind, the
C N PS makes the fo l l owi ng pol icy state­
ment concern ing nonvascular plants.
WHEREAS nonvascular plants are valid
taxonomic entities and are an important
component ofthe flora ofCalifornia; and
WHEREAS nonvascular plants provide
valuable biological functions, such as: provid­
ing habitat for invertebrates, providing forage
for terrestrial wildlife and birds, and reduc­
ing soil or rock substrates to sand or silt sized
particles to create soils; and
WHEREAS nonvascular plants ofall types
have been reduced from historic extent and
are being lost or adversely impacted at a
rapid rate throughout California; and
WHEREAS rare nonvascular plants have
not been provided legal protection by listing
as threatened or endangered under the fed­
eral or state Endangered Species Acts; and
WHEREAS nonvascular plants can be
important indicators ofthe health ofthe
environment; and
WHEREAS nonvascular plants add to the
biodiversity ofthe natural environment
The Cal ifornia Native Plant Society:
HEREBY supports all efforts to preserve
and conserve native nonvascular plants ofall
types; and
HEREBY opposes projects that adversely
affect the continued viability ofnative nonva­
scular plants ofany type unless appropriate
mitigation is provided to compensate, in­
kind, for losses ofnative nonvascular plants
prior to project impacts; and
HEREBY recommends avoidance of
impacts to native nonvascular plants; and
HEREBY urges full enforcement ofall laws
and regulations concerning nonvascular
plants that are consistent with CNPS policies
and purposes; and
HEREBY supports and recommends listing
ofrare nonvascular plants as threatened or
endangered under the federal and state
Endangered Species Acts as appropriate; and
HEREBYsupports and recommends state
and local government adoption ofpolicies
and ordinances to protect and conserve all
types ofnative nonvascular plants and com­
munities; and
HEREBY recommends that all CEQA and
General Plan Law documents address
impacts to native nonvascular plants and
communities for projects that may adversely
affect them.
Adopted March 1 992 by the
CNPS Board ofDirectors
 H i sto ry of t h e C N PS Rare P l a n t P rogra m a n d Inven tory
are plant stud ies have been a
focus of the California Native
Plant Society since its begin­
n i ng. I n 1 968, G . Ledyard Stebbi ns,
who was then President of the Society,
started a card fi le of California plants
with a d istribution of less than o n e
hund red m i les. These cards were sent
to botanists to solicit com ments.
U nder the d i rectio n of Roman Gan kin,
Chairman of the newly formed Rare
Plant Committee, these com ments
were evaluated and many more pl ants
were suggested for consideratio n . Sev­
eral in-house lists, com posed of over
800 plants, were circulated d u ring the
next three years. The first widely dis­
tri b uted C N PS l ist appeared in 1 9 7 1 .
I t contai ned 520 plants.
At the same time, W. Robert Powel l
became Director o fthe Rare Plant Pro­
ject. Early in 1 973 a major effort was
mounted to u pdate and expand our
information. Again in-house lists were
circu lated. The h igh-point of these
activities occurred in J u ly 1 974, when a
nu mber of professional and amateur
botanists from throughout the state
met for a mapping session at the U n i­
versity of Cal ifornia at Davis. This pro­
vided an excel lent opportun ity for the
participants to share their knowledge,
often i ncomplete, of California's rare
and endangered plants. It should be
em phasized that from the beginning,
CNPS rare plant investigations have
been based upon the first-hand knowl­
edge and field experience of a statewide
network of botanists who have been
generous in their cooperatio n . We con­
tinue to map l ocati ons i n d etail, con­
fi rm the existence of plants i n the field,
and record changes i n population size
as we refine our dataset.
In Decem ber 1 974, the Society pub­
l ished the first edition of its Inventory of
Rare and Endangered Vascular Plants ofCal­
ifornia, under the editorsh i p ofW.
Robert Powell. In its Main List were 704
p lants of p rimary concern . A second
l ist was formed of 554 plants consid­
ered rare but not presently endangered.
I n addition, 1 3 5 p lants were listed as
being of l i m ited distri bution but not
rare. Th is brought the total of plants
included in the first edition to 1 ,393
species, su bspecies, and varieties. At
the time of its publ ication, the CN PS
Inventory was the m ost detai led compi­
lation of rare plant data for any state in
the nation. It q u ickly became the m ost
widely used reference on the subject in
Cal iforn ia, and the prime source of
information for botan ists, private con­
su ltants, conservationists, and the
staffs of city, county, state, and federal
agencies.
Many of these same i n d ividuals, in
return, provided new i nformation,
refinem ents, and corrections. C N PS
responded by issuing supplementary
lists of additions and deletions. With
each passi ng year, it became more
obvious that a second edition of the
Inventory was needed. I n Novem ber
1 979, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
and C N PS cosponsored a second
review conference, once again on the
Davis cam pus. About fifty specialists
gave freely of their time and energy to
amend and correct provisional lists
that C N PS had developed for a pro­
posed second edition.
The second edition appeared i n
1 980, with james P. Smith , J r. , R. jane
Cole, and john 0 . Sawyer, J r. as editors.
There were several format changes. Th is
time 1 ,383 plants were arrayed in four
lists, the first one entitled " Presumed
Extin-::t in Cal ifornia." Th is was done in
an effort to bring special attention to
44 plants that were then known from
historic col lections on ly. It became a
c h a lle n ge to see if any of them could be
rediscovered (and several ofthem
were) . The plants on these four lists
were adopted by the California Depart­
ment of Fish and Game as constituting
its Special Plants List. A supplement to
the second edition was pub lished in
1 98 1 , and another in 1 982.
The appearance of the new edition
was fol lowed quickly by two other
major events in the Society's Rare Plant
Program - the hi ring of Richard York as
a fu l l-ti me botanist and the signi ng of a
Mem orandu m-of-Understanding with
the Cal iforn ia Department of fish and
Game's Natural Diversity Database
(CNDDB). The rare plant data that
already existed in our fi les, together
with the accelerated pace of acq uiring
new i nformation, had outstripped the
capacity of our group of volu nteers to
mai ntain current manual fi les and to
respond to inquiries in a timely fashion.
A fu l l-ti me employee had become a
necessity. Our agreement with CN DDB
led to establishing the CN PS botanist's
office and files within the faci l ities of
the Cal ifornia Department of Fish and
Game, the state agency charged with
i nventorying rare, threatened, endan­
gered, and sensitive plants and with
preparing the documentation needed
for state I isti ng of these plants. For a
more com p lete history of the Society's
Rare Plant P rogram and the role of the
CN PS Botanist, see Berg and Skinner
( 1 990), Powell ( 1 975, 1 978), Powell et
al. ( 1 98 1 ), Smith ( 1 987, 1 990), Tibor
( 1 999), and York et al. ( 1 982).
47
48 H I STO RY O F T H E C N P S R A R E P LA N T P R O G R A M A N D I N V E N TO RY

Plan n i ng for the third edition ofthe when we conducted pri mary research CNDDB, we com menced a detailed
Inventory began i n late 1 98 2 . Meetings for two new fields of i nformation, life com parison with the taxonomic con­
were held the fo l l owing year to d iscuss form and blooming time. I n J une 1 9 9 1 cepts and other i nformation contained
possible format changes and to solicit we circulated a req uest for new infor­ in TheJepson Manual, the monu mental
information on incompletely known mation to the data contri butors, now new work on Cal iforn ia's flora. Th is
plants. In J uly 1 983, through the gen­ n u m beri ng about 370. Later that year task extended i nto June 1 99 2 , and
erosity of many CN PS members, the we began the laborious process of entailed hundreds of name, status, and
Rare Plant Program was able to pur­ l i brary and herbari u m research on the d istribution changes. I n April of 1 992,
chase a computer. The work of enter­ more than 300 plants which are newly we circulated prel im i nary review lists of
ing a l l of our rare plant data i nto the added to this addition, and on the status changes and new p lants to the
computer began that summ er and was more than 35 plants sh ifted fro m List 4 contributors. We received wel l over
completed i n a relatively short time. I n to one of the h igher priority lists. Also 1 00 responses with tho usands of sug­
February 1 984, we once again held a i n late 1 9 9 1 , with exte nsive help from gested changes and i m provements. I n
statewid e meeting of amateur and pro­
fessional botanists at the U n iversity of
Cal ifornia at Davis. The third edition
was pu blished later that same year.
Work on the fourth edition began in
March 1 987, with the conversion of our
computerized data to dBase I l l + files.
Advances in database management
software improved our ability to organ­
ize and analyze the data and allowed
electronic coord ination with CNDDB.
To u pdate our i nformation, a l ist of
proposed status changes was circu lated
to more than 200 data contributors for
review. We also requested that any new
status or d istri bution i nformation be
brought to our attention at that time.
Meeti ngs were held i n Sacramento and
Berkeley in Decem ber 1 987, to discuss
fi nal status recom mendations and to
receive outstanding fi eld survey data.
These sol icitations resulted in an ava­
lanche of documentation.
I n ass i m i lating this information, we
systematically reeval uated the rarity
and endangerment ratings for more
than 700 of our highest priority plants.
Cou nty and topographic q uad data
were compared with CNDDB comput­
er fi l es. Habitat occurrence data were
assembled , categorized, and comput­ Mimulus shevockii
erized for more than 1 ,300 plants. Th is
i nformation was reviewed by botanists
at the CNDDB, Department of Fish
and Game Endangered Plant Project,
and The Nature Conservancy. The
fourth ed ition was published i n
Septem ber 1 988.
Work on the fifth ed ition com­
menced i n earnest i n S pri ng 1 99 1 ,

August 1 992, all p roposed changes to
date were reviewed in Sacramento by
the Rare Plant Sci entific Advisory Com­
mittee ( RPSAC) and several knowl­
edgeable guests, and by J u ly 1 993 the
first complete d raft of the d ata i n this
vol u me a ppeared for review. RPSAC
mem bers, CNDDB staff, and a n u m ber
of other selected experts reviewed the
data one fi nal time i n Fal l 1 993, and
hundreds of last m i n ute changes and
corrections were made at that time.
The fifth edition was p u blished in
February 1 994.
Efforts on the sixth edition began i n
mid-1 994. Research on elevational
range for all taxa was completed by
late 1 994. We q ueried several floristic
databases to identify possible rare
plants for addition, and other com par­
isons were performed to fi nd possible
deletions, status changes, and the l i ke.
These q ueries resu lted i n the need for a
large amount of l i brary and herbari u m
research. I n N ovember 1 995, prel i m i ­
nary review lists o f Inventory changes
were circulated to about 400 botanical
experts around the state. From 1 996
through 1 998, research and review
contin u ed on over 600 new additions,
400 status changes, and other modifi­
cations proposed for the sixth edition.
I n mid-1 998 and early 1 999, RPSAC
was reorganized with the assistance of
Barbara Ertter, focusing on a regional
approac h . Eleven RPSAC regional
meeti ngs were held around the state
d u ring much of 1 9 99. These m eeti ngs
represented an effort to bring the pro­
posed changes for the sixth ed ition
d i rectly to the regional botanical
H I S T O R Y O F T H E C N P S R A R E P L A N T P R O G R A M A N D I N V E N TO R Y
experts for review and formation of
consensus. Over 300 individ uals were
i nvited to these meetings, and many of
them attended or presented opinions
and data in absentia. At the conclusion
of these meeti ngs, the consensus
o pin ions and new data were then
processed, with assistance from
CNDDB. A large amount of fol low- u p
work, typically on taxonomic issu es,
was completed through early 2000.
The recommendations of RPSAC also
generated the need for m ore herbariu m
and l iterature work, completed d u ri ng
the fi rst half of 2000.
• LITERAT U RE C I T E D
Berg, K . , a n d M . Skin ner. 1 990. T h e CNPS
botanist is a reAection of the Society.
Fremontia 1 8 ( 4 ) : 1 3-1 5.
Powell, W. R., ed. 1 974. Inventory ofRare and
Endangered Vascular Plants ofCalifornia.
Special Publ ication No. 1 ( fi rst edition).
California Native Plant Society. Berkeley,
CA. i i i + 56 pp.
Powell, W. R. 1 975. Th e CNPS Rare Plant
Proj ect. Fremontia 2 ( 4 ) : 1 4-1 9.
Powell, W. R. 1 978. The CNPS Inventory - a
progress report. Fremontia 5 ( 4 ) : 28-29.
Powell, W.R., T. Duncan, and A.Q.
Howard. 1 98 1 . The Cal iforn ia Native
Plant Society Rare Plant Project. Pages
1 93-1 98 in: L.E. Morse and M .S.
Henifi n , eds. Rare plant conservation: geo­
graphical data organization. New York
Botan ical Garden . Bronx, NY.
Skin ner, M .W. and B . M . Pavli k, eds. 1 994.
Inventory ofRare and Endangered Vascular
Plants of California. Special Publication No.
(fifth edition). California Native Plant
Society. Sacramento, CA. vi + 338 pp.
49
Smith , J . P. , J r. , ed . 1 98 1 . First Supplement,
Inventory ofRare and Endangered Vascular
Plants ofCalifornia. Special Publication
No. 1 ( second edition). California Native
Plant Society. Berkeley, CA. 28 pp.
Smith , J . P. , J r. 1 987. Californ ia: leader i n
endangered plant protectio n . Fremontia
1 5 ( 1 ) : 3-7.
Smith , J . P. , J r. 1 990. A h istory ofthe rare
plant program and I nventory. Fremontia
1 8 ( 4 ) : 9-1 2.
Smith , J . P. , J r., and K. Berg, eds. 1 988.
Inventory ofRare and Endangered Vascular
Plants ofCalifornia. Special Publ ication
No. 1 ( fo u rth edition). Californ i a Native
Plant Society. Sacramento, CA. xvii i +
1 68 pp.
Smith , J . P., J r., and R. York, eds. 1 982. Sec­
ond Supplement, Inventory ofRare and
Endangered Vascular Plants ofCalifornia.
Special Pu blication No. 1 (second edi­
tion ) . California N ative Plant Society.
Berkeley, CA. 28 pp.
S m ith, J . P. , J r. , and R. York, eds. 1 984. lnven­
tory ofRare and Endangered Vascular Plants
ofCalifornia. Special Publication No. 1
(third ed ition). California Native Plant
Society. Berkeley, CA. xvii i + 1 74 pp.
Smith, J . P., J r., R.J . Cole, and J .O. Sawyer,
J r., eds. 1 980. Inventory ofRare and Endan­
gered Vascular Plants ofCalifornia. Special
Publication No. 1 (second edition ) . Cal­
i fornia Native Plant Society. Berkeley,
CA. vii + 1 1 5 pp.
Tibor, D. 1 999. The CNPS rare plant pro­
gra m . Fremontia 27 ( 2 ) : 4-6.
York, R. , J . P. Smith, J r. , and S . Cochrane.
1 982. New developments in the rare
plant progra m . Fremontia 9 ( 4 ) : 1 1 -1 3.
 N u m e rical A n a l ys i s of Th i s a n d Previ o u s Ed i ti o n s

LIST OR APPENDIX TAXA % F L O RA

s the fo l lowi ng n u merical

com parison of the plants in 1 9 7 4 , 1 ST E D I TI O N

the six Inventory ed itions 1 . Very Rare & Rare a n d Endangered 704 1 1 .1 %
demonstrates, the size of Cal iforn ia's Appendix I- Rare and Not Endangered 554 8 .8%
rare and endangered flora contin ues to Appendix I I- Mostly of Li m ited Distri bution 1 35 2.1%
grow (Table 1 ). The percentages given Total 1 ,393 2 2 .0%
below ind icate the portion of the total 1 980, 2 N D E DITION

native flora in California represented 1 . Presu m ed Exti nct i n Californi a 44 0 . 7%

by the plants on a particular l ist for the 2 . Rare and Endangered 656 1 0.4%
different editions. We estimate that the 3. Rare, But Not Endangered 446 7.1 %
flora as currently d escribed contains 4. Rare i n California, But Not Elsewhere 237 3 . 8%
6,300 native species, subspecies, and
Total 1 ,383 2 2 . 0%
varieties. Th is is the n u m ber of native
1 9 84, 3 RD E D ITION
taxa that are ful ly d escribed in TheJep­ 1 A. Presu m ed Exti nct in Cal ifo rnia 34 0.5%
son Manual (about 6,000 ) , p l us the 1 B. Rare or Endangered in Californi a and Elsewhere 604 9 . 6%
approxi mate n u m ber that receive
2 . R/ E in California, More Common Elsewh ere 1 98 3.1%
peripheral mention as m i nor taxa.
3 . Need More I nformati on 114 1 .8%
There is a net addition of 1 64 p lants
( 1 9% i ncrease) to our highest p riority 4. Pl ants of Lim ited Distri bution 449 7. 1 %
list ( 1 B) since the 1 994 edition. Over Total 1 ,399 2 2 . 2%
1 00 of these have been u pgraded to 1 9 8 8 , 4TH E D I T I O N

1 A. Presumed Extinct i n California 39 0.6%

List 1 B from a lower priority l ist, i n
som e cases because we have learned 1 B. Rare or Endangered i n Californ i a and Elsewhere 675 1 0. 7%
more about their rarity or endanger­ 2 . R/E i n Cal ifornia, More Common Elsewhere 1 77 2 . 8%
ment, but often because conditions 3 . Need More I nformation 1 49 2.4%
have worsened and they are now more 4. Plants of Lim ited Distri bution 508 8.1%
seriously endangered than before. Two Total 1 , 548 24. 6%
sobering facts have emerged d u ri ng 1 9 9 4 , STH E D I TI O N

preparation of this ed itio n : over 1 6% of 1 A. Presu med Extinct i n Cal ifornia 34 0.5%
Cal iforn ia's native plants are either 1 B. Rare or Endangered i n Cal iforn i a and Elsewhere 857 1 3 .6%
exceed i ngly rare or seriously endan­ 2 . R/E i n Cal iforn ia, More Common Elsewhere 272 4.3%
gered, and a ful l one third of our native 3 . N eed More I nformation 47 0 . 8%
flora is considered worthy of i nclusion 4. Plants of Li m ited Distri b ution 532 8.4%
i n the Inventory. Our best efforts to d ate
Total 1 , 742 2 7. 6%
simply have not been sufficient to stem
2 0 0 1 , 6TH E D I T I O N
the further deterioration of Cal ifornia's 1 A. Presu m ed Exti nct i n California 29 0.4%
rich native fl ora. 1 B . Rare or Endangered i n Californ ia and Elsewhere 1 ,0 2 1 1 6. 2%
In the last seven years we have identi­ 41 7 6 . 6%
2 . R/ E in California, More Common Elsewhere
fied 351 new rare and endangered
3 . N eed More I nformatio n 52 0 . 8%
plants (Table 2 ) . These new taxa fa l l
4. Plants of Lim ited Distri bution 554 8 . 8%
into a t least five categories: rare plants
Total 2 ,073 3 2 . 9%
which have been overlooked in previous
editions, plants which are becomi ng
Table 1 . N u m erical comparison of the six CNPS Inventory edi tio n s . We have reevaluated per­
cent of flora for past editions based on 6,300 native plants i n California.
50
 N U M E R I C A L A N A LY S I S O F T H I S A N D P R E V I O U S E D I T I O N S 51

TAXA N E W

C N PS L I ST % OF S T H E D I T I O N T O T H E 6 T H E D IT I O N % O F N E W TAXA

1 A. Presu med Exti nct in Cal ifornia 2% 2 0.5%

1 B. Rare or Endangered i n CA
and Elsewh ere 49% 96 1 7%
2 . R/E i n California, More Common
Elsewhere 1 6% 1 35 38%

3. Need More I nformation 3% 5 1 . 5%

4. Plants of Li m ited Distri bution 31% 1 13 32%
TOTA L 1 00% 351 1 00%

Table 2. Percentage of fifth edition taxa on each l ist com pared to the n u m ber and percentage of new sixth edition taxa on each l ist.

endangered as habitat l oss and other
th reats accelerate, new plants wh ich
have been described in Californ ia in the
last seven years, plants newly "created"
by taxonomic changes, and non-vascu­
lar plants (28 taxa) which have been
added to the Inventory for the first time.
A disproportionate n u m ber of the
taxa that are new to this Inventory have
been assigned to List 2 (Table 2 ) . In the
1 994 edition, List 2 represented only
1 6% of the plants, but this l i st compris­
es 38% of the newly added plants in the
sixth edition; this fol lows a trend also
noted in the fifth editio n . We assu me
this is pri m arily due to co nti n ued
botanical exploration on California's
fri nges, where most List 2 plants occur,
and to the addition of rare bryophytes
to this volu me, m ost of which also
occur elsewhere i n North America. The
continued growth of List 2 matches
our growing recogn ition of the i mpor­
tance of protecting plants that,
although more common elsewhere, are
rare here. By protecting populations
that are disj u nct or at edge of their
range, we make an i m portant contri­
bution to the conservation of genetic
d iversity and evolutionary processes
with i n species, and help to mai ntai n
the resil ience species need for survival
in the face of rapid environmental
change.
Cal iforn ia's rare Aora is d ispropor­
tionately rich in su bspecies and vari­
eties as com pared to the Aora as a
whole (Table 3 ) . Th is is unsu rprising
TAXO N O M I C RA N K
N u mber o f Fu l l Species
N u m ber of Subspecies or Varieties
% Su bspecies or Varieties
Table 3. Com parison of taxonomic ran k of plants i n the California Aora as a whole and the
current edition of the Inventory.
si nce su bspecies and varieties typically
have smaller ranges than species, and
are thus biologically rarer to begin
with, and consequently more suscepti­
ble to disru pti on. Su bspecies and vari­
eties are morphological ly, genetically,
and geographically d istinctive, and
m uch of Cal iforn ia's Aoristic d iversity is
expressed at this infra-specific l evel. It
is therefore essential that our conserva­
tion efforts include these ranks as wel l
as fu l l species if we are to preserve the
Cal iforni a Aora as the remarkable l iv­
ing evo l utionary laboratory that it is.
C A N AT I V E F L O R A 6TH E D I T I O N
4,839 1 ,397
1 , 1 59 676
1 8% 33%
 U ses of t h e CNPS Inven tory
he Californ i a Native Plant
Society has invested a large
amount of ti me, energy, and
mo ney to gather th is rare plant infor­
mation for one purpose: to promote
the preservation of rare plants and
their habitats. Our responsib ilities are
best served by com p lete and accu rate
information upon which to make
sound conservation j u dgments and
recom mendations. Although there
remain gaps to be fi l led, errors to be
corrected, and refi nements to be
made, the information is here for all to
use. The challenge for us is to use it
wisely.
We encourage conservationists, con­
sultants, planners, research ers, and
resou rce managers to use this Inventory
to educate landowners and p u b l ic poli­
cy makers about rare plant conserva­
tion. The information it contains
should help d i rect efforts to identify,
protect, and manage California's rarest
botan ical resources. Consultants and
planners preparing environmental d oc-
Petrophyton caespitosum ssp. acuminatum
52
u ments should review this information We also welcome suggested addi­
as a step in determ i n ing the potential tions, deletions, nomenclatural
for resource conflicts and the scope of changes, and transfers from one l ist to
botanical su rveys needed. Conserva­ another. We are especially eager to
tion ists and resou rce managers can use have errors brought to our attention.
the same information to review envi­ Please write the CN PS Botanist, Cali­
ronmental docum ents and prepare fornia Native Plant Society, 1 722 J
p u blic testi mony to infl uence decision Street, Su ite 1 7, Sacramento, CA
makers, and to gu ide rare plant protec­ 958 1 4.
tion and preserve acquisition and man­
agement. The C N PS pol icies
rep rod uced i n this volume should also
be consu lted for fu rther gui dance i n
these areas.
We are committed to the dissem ina­
tion of accu rate biological i nformation
to faci l itate plant conservation i n Cal i­
fornia. We offer our assistance to all
i nvolved i n this arena.
 Th e Rare, Th reate n ed ,
a n d E n d a ngere d P l a n ts of Cal i fo rn i a
he heart of the C N PS Inventory
is o u r assessment of the cur­
rent conservation status of
each of o u r state's rare, th reatened ,
and endangered plants. We p resent
these assessments together with a sum­
mary of cu rrent information on the d is­
tri buti on and ecology of each taxon.
We also include entries for plants that
were considered but rejected for one or
more reasons, as wel l as other scientific
names that have been used in the stan­
dard l iterature or in previous ed itions
of this Inventory.
Basis fo r I nclusion
The vast majority of the taxa i n this
Inventory are vascular plants ( ferns, fern
allies, gymnosperms, and flowering
plants). With this edition, we for the
fi rst ti me also present our evaluation of
rarity and en dangerment of Cal ifor­
n i a's bryophytes ( m osses, liverworts,
and hornworts) . Algae, fungi, and
l ichens are not treated here.
A plant m ust be native to California
to be i ncluded. Ornamentals, plants
escaped from cultivatio n , and natural­
ized plants are excluded. So are the
sporad ic hybrids that someti mes occur
u nder natural conditions. Th e relatively
trivial color variants and occasional
departures from typical vegetative or
floral conditions, referred to by
botanists as "forma," are simi larly
excluded.
Th is Inventory focuses on p lants that
are rare in Cal ifornia. A very small
n u m ber of plants that are sti l l some­
what common i n Californ ia are includ­
ed because they are i n d eclin e and face
further i mmediate threats. We recog-
n ize that extensive habitat alteration
and pervasive h u man i mpacts pose
serious th reats to m any other species
that are stil l common. H owever, eval u­
ation of th reats to species that are nei­
ther rare nor i m m i nently becom i ng so
is outside the scope of this Inventory. By
l i miting our scope i n this way, we in no
way i m ply that these species are not of
maJor concern .
Scientific Names
The plants in this Inventory are pre­
sented alphabetically by their scientific
names, the tec hni cal names that have
been properly publ ished for them
accord i ng to the International Code of
Botanical Nomenclature. See Shevock
( 1 9 93) for a general discussion of
nomenclature.
In its simplest form, a scientific name
has three parts. The fi rst is the genus
or generic name. It is always capital­
ized. The second part is the specific
epithet, often incorrectly cal led "the
species name." Together, these two
components make u p the species
name. If a scientifi c name is presented
in its most complete form, these two
words will be followed by the names of
one or more persons, often in an
abbreviated form, who fi rst publ ished
the specific epithet or subsequently
publ ished a taxonomic modificati on of
the plant. These names are the author­
ities. If a portion of an authority
occurs within parentheses, then the
author i n parentheses originally placed
the epithet in a d ifferent genus or
species, or once assigned it to a differ­
ent taxonomic rank. The name cited
outside the parentheses is that of the
person who publ ished the com b i na­
tion as it now appears.
Often the scientific name is more
com pl ex because botan ists have recog­
n ized categories below the level of
species. The two m ost useful are the
subspecies (abbreviated ssp. ) and the
variety (abbreviated var. ) These names
are also given according to the Interna­
tional Code and they have their own
auth orities.
Consider the example Penstemon new­
berryi Gray var. sonomensis (Greene) Jeps.
Penstemon is the gen us or generic name;
newberryi is the specific epithet; G ray,
for Asa Gray, is the author of the specif­
ic epithet; var. is the abbreviation for
variety; sonomensis is the su bspecific epi­
thet; ( Greene), for Edward L. Greene,
first described the var. sonomensis as a
fu l l species; and Jeps., for Wi llis Lynn
Jepson , m odified its taxonomic posi­
tion and made it a variety of P.
newberryi. Fol l owing the general practice
for foreign words and phrases, Latin
portions of the name (genus, species,
and infraspecific epithet) are typically
distingu ished from surro u nd i ng text
with u nderl i ning or italic typeface.
Co m mon N ames
Each of the plants also has a com­
mon or vernacular name (except for
the 2 8 no nvascu lar plants). We incl ude
th ese because it is often easier for
many of us to refer to a plant by a
more famil iar sou ndi ng name. Of
course, the majority of the p lants i n
t h i s book have no real common
names. M ost of them were coined by
Leroy Abrams for his Illustrated Flora of
the Pacific States. I n other instances, we
53
54
simply fol lowed his lead by contriving
n ames, usual ly by translati ng the Latin
or Greek roots i nto English or by select­
ing an appropriate geograph ical refer­
ence or person 's name. We have
attem pted to fo l low Kartesz and
Th ieret ( 1 99 1 ) i n matters of capital iza­
tion, spel l i ng, and hyphenation of
com mon names. Please see Appendix IV
for an i ndex between common and sci­
entific names.
Fam i ly Names
Each entry also i nc l udes the tech ni­
cal n am e of t h e fam i ly to which the
plant bel ongs. Note that all of these
names end with the suffix "-aceae. " A
few plant famil ies have older, alterna­
tive names that the International Code
a llows to be used because their wide­
spread acceptance predates formal
nomenclature. Gra m ineae is a perfectly
acceptable alternative for Poaceae;
Compositae for Asteraceae; Cruciferae
for Brassicaceae; U m bell iferae for Api­
aceae; Leguminosae for Fabaceae; and
Labiatae for Lamiaceae. However,
these old names are gradually losing
favor, so we have used the standard­
ized, modern names for these fam i l ies.
Nomenclatu ral U sage
We use what we consider to be the
current, best nomenclature based on
the recommendations ofRPSAC and
consu ltation with taxonomic authori­
ties. Many names i n this Inventory have
been i n use for a long time, appeari ng
i n M u nz ( 1 959, 1 968, 1 974) and
Abrams ( 1 923-1 960). Others have
been i ntrod uced or rei ntrod uced to
us i n TheJepson Manual ( H ickman
1 993 ), or descri bed new to science in
the last several years.
The usage in this Inventory does n ot
follow any single p u b l ished source,
though if other considerations are
equal, we fol low usage in the current
l i st mai ntained by TheJepson Manual
project. When the nomenclature we
R A R E , T H R E AT E N E D , A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS
use varies fro m that of TheJepson Manu­
al, we include i nformation i n the Notes
section of each entry describing the sit­
uatio n. See S ki n ner and Ertter ( 1 993)
for a d iscussion of taxonomic coordi­
nation between the Inventory and The
Jepson Manual.
Where there is disagreement among
experts on taxonomic d isti nctiveness,
we lean toward recogn izi ng doubtfu l ly
d isti nct taxa. Such taxa are typically
assigned to List 3. By encouragi ng pro­
tectio n until taxon om ic q uestions are
resolved, we hope to red uce expost facto
lamentation over taxa that have been
shown to be distinct on ly after their
d isappearance.
We d o not i nclude taxa that lack for­
mally published scientific n am es.
CN PS List
We have created five "l ists" in an
effort to categorize degrees of concern .
They are described as follows:
• LIST 1 A : P LA NTS P R ES U M E D
EXTI N CT I N CALI FORN I A
The 29 plants of List 1 A are presumed
extinct because they have n ot been seen
or collected i n the wi ld i n California for
many years. Although most of them are
restricted to Californ ia, a few are found
i n other states as wel l . I n many cases,
repeated attem pts have been made to
rediscover these plants by visiting known
historical locations. Even after such dili­
gent searchi ng, we are constrained
against sayi ng that they are extinct,
si nce for most of them rediscovery
re mains a d isti nct possibil ity. N ote
that care should be taken to distinguish
between "exti nct" and "extirpated." A
plant is extirpated i f it has been local ly
eliminated, but it may be doing q u ite
nicely elsewhere in its range.
We segregate these plants on their
own l ist to highl ight their pl ight and
encourage field work to relocate extant
populations. Si nce the publ ication of
the fifth edition, eight plants thought
to be extinct in California have been
rediscovered. These are Ventura marsh
m i l k-vetch (Astragalus pycnostachyus var.
lanosissimus), San Fernando Val l ey
spineflower ( Chorizanthe parryi var. fer­
nandina) , diamond-petaled Cal iforn ia
poppy ( Eschscholzia rhombipetala),
M ojave tarplant ( Hemizonia mohavensis),
water howellia ( Howellia aquatilis),
H owel l's m ontia (Mantia howellii),
northern adder's-tongue ( Ophioglossum
pusillum ) , and Shasta orthocarpus
( Orthocarpus pachystachyus). One plant,
frog's-bit buttercup ( Ranunculus
hydrocharioides), was inadvertently
placed on List 1 A in the fifth edition
and is n ow correctly placed on List 2.
Two plants that have n ot been seen
recently have been moved onto List 1 A:
Santa Barbara morning-gl ory ( Calyste­
gia sepium ssp. binghamiae) and mesq uite
neststraw (Stylocline sonorensis) .
All o ft h e plants constituti ng List 1 A
m eet the defi n itions o f Sec. 1 90 1 ,
Chapter 1 0 ( N ative Plant Protection
Act) or Secs. 2062 and 2067 ( Califor­
nia Endangered Species Act) of the
California Department of Fish and
Game Code, and are el igible for state
l isting (see Conserving Plants with Laws
and Programs . . . , above). Should these
taxa be rediscovered, it is mandatory
that they be fu l ly considered d u ri ng
preparation of environmental d ocu­
ments relating to the Cal iforn ia Envi­
ronmental Qual ity Act ( CEQA).
• LIST 1 B : P LA NTS RA R E , TH REAT­
E N E D, O R E N DA N G E R E D I N CAL I ­
FO R N I A A N D E LS EW H ERE
The 1 02 1 plants of List 1 B are rare
throughout their range. All but a few
are endemic to Cal iforn ia. All of them
are j u dged to be vul nerable u nder pres­
ent circu mstances or to have a high
potential fo r becom i ng so because of
their l i m ited or vul nerable habitat,
their l ow n u m bers of individuals per
population ( even though they may be
wide rangi ng), or their l i m ited n u m ber
of populations. Most of the plants of
List 1 B have declined sign ificantly over
the last century.

All of the plants constituting List 1 B
meet the d efi n itions of Sec. 1 90 1 ,
Chapter 1 0 ( N ative Plant Protection
Act) or Secs. 2062 and 2067 ( Califor­
nia Endangered Species Act) of the Cal­
ifornia Department of Fish and Game
Code, and are eligible for state listing.
It is mandatory that they be ful ly con­
sidered d uring preparation of environ­
m ental documents relating to CEQA.
• LI ST 2 : P LANTS RARE, TH REAT­
E N ED, O R E N DA N G E RE D I N CA L I ­
FO RN IA, B UT M O R E C O M M O N
ELS EWH E R E
Except for being common beyond
the boundaries of California, the 41 7
plants of List 2 would have appeared
on List 1 B. From the fed eral perspec­
tive, plants com mon in other states or
cou ntries are not eligi ble for considera­
tion under the provisions of the Endan­
gered Species Act. U nti l 1 979, a similar
pol icy was followed i n California. H ow­
ever, after the passage of the Native
Plant Protection Act, plants were con­
sidered for protection with out regard
to their d i stri bution outside the state.
With List 2, we recognize the i m por­
tance of protecting the geographic
range of widespread species. I n this
way we protect the d iversity of our own
state's Aora and help mai ntain evolu­
tionary process and genetic d iversity
with in species. Al l of the pl ants consti­
tuti ng List 2 meet the d efi n itions of
Sec. 1 90 1 , Chapter 1 0 ( Native Plant
Protection Act) or Secs. 2062 and
2067 ( California Endangered S pecies
Act) of the Califo rnia Department of
Fish and Game Code, and are eligible
for state l isting. It is mandatory that
they be ful ly considered d u ring prepa­
ration of environmental d ocu ments
relating to CEQA.
• LIST 3: P LANTS ABOUT W H I C H
W E N E ED M O RE I N FO RMATI O N
-
A REVI EW LIST
The 52 pl ants that com prise List 3
are u n ited by one common theme -
we lack the necessary information to
R A R E , T H R E A T E N E D , A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
assign them to one of the other lists or
to reject them. Nearly all of the plants
remai n i ng on List 3 are taxonom ically
problematic. For each List 3 p lant we
have provided the known information,
indicated in the Note where assistance
is needed, and tentatively assigned the
taxon to a more defin ite l ist. Data
regarding d istri bution, endangerment,
ecology, and taxonomic val idity wil l be
gratefu l ly received.
Some of the plants constituting List
3 meet the defi n itions of Sec. 1 90 1 ,
Chapter 1 0 ( Native Plant Protection
Act) or Secs. 2062 and 2067 ( Cal ifor­
n ia Endangered Species Act) of the
California Department of Fish and
Game Code, and are el igible for state
listi ng. We strongly recom mend that
List 3 plants be evaluated for consider­
ation d u ri ng preparation of environ­
mental documents relati ng to CEQA.
• LIST 4: P LANTS OF L I M ITED
D I STRI B UT I O N -A WATCH LIST
Th e 554 plants i n this category are
of l i m ited d i stri b ution or i nfreq uent
throughout a broader area i n Cal ifor­
n i a, and their vu l n erabil ity or suscepti­
b i l ity to threat appears relatively low at
this time. Wh i l e we can not call these
plants "rare" from a statewide per­
spective, they are uncommon en ough
that their status should be mon itored
regu larly. Should the degree of endan­
germent or rarity of a List 4 pl ant
change, we wi l l transfer it to a more
appropriate l ist.
Very few of the plants constituti ng
List 4 meet the defi n itions of Sec.
1 90 1 , Chapter 1 0 ( N ative Plant Protec­
tion Act) or Secs. 2062 and 2067 ( Cal­
ifornia Endangered Species Act) of the
Cal ifornia Department of Fish and
Game Code, and few, if any, are eligi­
ble for state l isting. Nevertheless, many
of them are significant local ly, and we
strongly recommend that List 4 plants
be evaluated for consideration duri ng
preparation of enviro n mental docu­
ments rel ating to C EQA. Th is may be
particularly appropriate for the type
55
l ocality of a List 4 plant, for popula­
tions at the periphery of a species'
range or in areas where the taxon is
especially uncommon or has sustained
heavy losses, or for populations
exhibiting u n usual morphology or
occurri ng on unusual substrates.
C N PS R-E-D Code
With the five CN PS Lists we maintain
a simple classification that reAects an
overal l level of conservation concern.
H owever, rarity and e nd angerment
are not strictly correlated, and our
approach to protecting plants that
occur only in Cal ifornia is somewhat
different from our approach to protect­
ing plants that also occur elsewhere.
Developing effective conservation
strategies requires that we d istinguish
among the separate factors that con­
tri bute to our List assignments. These
are: rarity, wh ich addresses n u m bers of
individuals and distri bution within Cali­
forn ia; endangerment, which addresses
the plant's vulnerabil ity to exti nction
for any reason; and distribution, which
describes the overall range of the plant.
Together these three elements form the
R-E-D Code. Each element in the code
is divided into three classes or degrees
of concern, represented by the number
1 , 2, or 3. In each case, higher numbers
indicate greater concern. The system is
summarized as follows:
• R- RA RITY
1 . Rare, but fo und i n sufficient n u m ­
bers a n d distri buted widely en ough
that the potential for exti nction is
low at this ti m e
2 . Distri buted in a l i m ited n u m ber of
occurrences, occasionally more if
each occu rrence is small
3 . Distributed i n one to several highly
restricted occurrences, or present in
such small n u m bers that it is seldom
reported
56
• E- E N DA N G E R M ENT
1 . Not endangered
2. Endangered in a portion of its range
3. Endangered thro ughout its range
• D - D I STRI B UTI O N
1 . More o r less widespread outsid e Cal­
ifornia
2. Rare outside California
3 . Endemic to Cal ifornia
For example, an R-E-D Code of 3-3-3
in dicates that the plant i n guestion is
l im ited to one population or several
restricted ones, that it is endangered
throughout its range, and that it is
endemic to California. A sum mary of
the R-E-D code system appears on the
inside front cover for easy reference.
State and Federal Status
For each taxon with official status
under the state and/or Federal endan­
gered species acts, the p lant's status is
presented. Our defi n itions conform to
those found in California state law and
federal regulations, d escri bed else­
where in this vol u me.
Distri bution
The d istri bution of the taxon is
described by county or island with in
California, together with other states
and cou ntries where we know the plant
to exist. We record only natural occur­
rences of rare plants, or occurrences
that have been reestablished with in the
species' historic range as part of an
approved recovery plan. For example,
although both Northern California
black walnut Uuglans hindsii) and Mon­
terey pine ( Pinus radiata) are widely
planted within the state, we track only
the few natural occurrences of these
taxa. When we indicate that a particular
p lant occurs in a particu lar cou nty, we
are making a positive statement that is
based upon specimens, photographs,
RA R E , T H R E AT E N E D , A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N TS
the literature, or field observations. In
no way does thi s i m ply that a plant does
not occur in other counties in California
or in other states. Our understandi ng of
plant distri bution constantly improves,
and new localities for rare plants are fre­
quently discovered, often i n unpredicted
circu mstances.
We use the sym bols " * " and "?" as
modifiers, which respectively express
exti rpation and uncertainty. They are
also are explained on the inside front
cover for easy reference.
* exti rpated
? uncertainty about d istri b ution
or identity
?* uncertainty about distri bution,
but extirpated if once present
( * ? ) occurrence confi rmed, but pos­
sibly extirpated
Quad rangles
To provide m ore detai led location
information, we have also cited the U .S.
Geological Survey ( USGS) 7.5 m i n ute
guadrangle ( guad) map for more than
1 500 plants on CN PS Lists 1 , 2, and 3 .
We employ a mod ified version of the
q uad numberi ng system previously
used by the California Department of
Water Resources. Please see Appendix I
to translate this system's guad n u m bers
i nto USGS topographic map names or
vice versa. In those few cases where a
q u ad is l isted without a letter following
the n u m ber, this ind icates that our
occurrence data are too vague to pin­
point its location on a 7.5 m i n ute
quad rangle. As with cou nties, this is
positive siting information - when we
ind icate that a plant has been reported
from an area on a topographic quad, it
is based on hard data. In no way does
this i m p ly that a plant does not occur
on a topographic quad we have not
l isted; rather, it may be there but
botan ists have yet to fi nd it. As with
d istribution, q uads are also often mod­
ified with the sym bols " * " and "?",
which respectively express extirpation
and u ncertainty (see above).
H abitat Types
For each taxon, we present one or
more habitats in wh ich a rare, threat­
ened, or endangered plant is typically
found. Th is informati on is compiled
from field su rvey forms, u n p u b l ished
reports, original descripti ons, floras,
and herbari um material. Note that for
habitats which typically occur within a
broader matrix of another habitat, we
usually l ist both. For exam ple, a rare
plant from Meadows and Seeps occur­
ring i n a matrix of U pper M ontane
Co niferous Forest would typically have
its habitat presented as "M eadows and
Seeps, U pper Montane Coniferous For­
est." Descriptors ( e.g., "sandy or grav­
el ly") often modify habitat types, as
fo l l ows:
( descriptor) pertains only to the habi­
tat type i m med iately pre­ \
J
ced ing
/ descriptor pertai ns to all habitat
types preced i ng
We are indebted to Robert F. Hol land
and john 0. Sawyer, Jr. for contributing
the followi ng brief characterizations,
which are presented in taxonomic rather
than alphabetical order. Please refer to
Hol land ( 1 986) for a more complete
discussion of the types and their clas­
sification.
• COASTAL D U N ES
Herbs or shru bs on coastal sand
deposits fro m Del Norte to San Diego
counties. Cover usually low near the
beach, i ncreasing with distance from
salt spray and blowing san d .
• D ES E RT D U N ES
Sand acc um u lations east of the
Pacific Crest from Modoc to I m perial
cou nties. Vegetation on desert d u nes
varies co nsiderably. Active d u n es usu­
ally su pport o n ly sparse herbs and
grasses, but partially stabi I ized or
sta b i l ized dunes often wi l l su pport
shrubs, i ncluding mesg u ite and cre­
osote bush.

• I N LA N D D U N ES
M ostly herbs, although shrubs may
be locally i m portant. Sand accumula­
tions i n and aro u n d the Great Val ley.
• COASTAL B L U F F S C RU B
Dense shru bs, prostrate to 1 -2
m eters tal l . Typically on fairly steep,
rocky sites exposed to consid erable
win d and salt spray because of proxim­
ity to the ocea n . Many p la nts succu­
lent, especially to the south. Found
from Del Norte to San Diego cou nties.
• C OASTAL S C R U B
Dense shrubs 0.5 t o 2 meters tal l
with scattered grassy openi ngs. Many
plants d ormant, even d ecid u o us, d u r­
ing periods of water stress. M ost sites
have shal low rocky soils, freq uently
with a southern or western exposure.
Many taxa adapted to fire by stu m p
sprouting or high seed prod uction.
• S O N O RA N D ES E RT S C RU B
Widely scattered creosote b ushes
with the considerable space between
them someti mes occu pied by ephemer­
al, colorfu l shows of ann uals fol lowi ng
particularly wet winters. Succulents
and microphyllous trees conspicuous,
especially i n rocky environ m ents. The
part of M u nz's ( 1 95 9 ) "Creosote bush
scru b" found rough ly south of the San
Bernard i n o / Riverside county l ine.
• M OJ AVEAN D ES E RT S C R U B
Wid ely scattered creosote bushes
with the considerable space between
them sometimes occupied by ephemer­
al, colorfu l shows of annuals following
particu larly wet winters. At elevations
of 2,000 feet or h igher, succulents or
m i crophyl lous trees lacking. This habi­
tat type constitutes m ost of M u nz's
( 1 959) "Creosote bush scru b" found
north of the San Bernard i n o / Riverside
county l i n e.
• G REAT BAS I N S C R U B
S h ru bs, ranging i n height from very
short, <20 centimeters, on very cold
sites or shal low soi l s to 1 o r 2 meters
R A R E , T H R E AT E N E D , A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
tal l on warmer sites where soils are
d eeper. Perenn ial grasses occ u py m uch
of the space between shrubs. Fou n d on
the Modoc Plateau, high Cascade
Range, Warner Mou ntains, H igh Sierra
Nevada, and North Coast Ranges.
• C H E N O P O D SCRU B
Usually gray, i ntricately branched,
m icrophyllous shrubs m ost com m on ly
on fin e-textured, al kaline and/or sal i ne
soils i n areas of im peded d rainage.
Diversity usually low to m o n oton ous.
Saltbushes and greasewood freq uently
dominate. This vegetation occurs from
Modoc Cou nty south to Mexico,
including parts of the Great Val l ey and
I n ner South Coast Ranges.
• C H A PARRA L
I m penetrably dense, evergreen,
leathery-leaved shrubs that are active
in winter, dormant in summer, and
adapted to freq uent fires either
through resprouti ng or seed carry-over.
There is a characteristic fl orula offi re­
foll owing a n nuals and short-l ived
peren nials. Mature stands may exceed
3-4 meters in height. It occurs on
d iverse su bstrates, many of which sup­
port disti nctive su ites of edaph ic indi­
cators. Chaparral may be successional
to conifer forests or oak woodlands, as
tree seedl i ngs can be found beneath
the shrub canopies.
• COASTA L P RA I RI E
Dense, fairly tall ( < 1 meter) peren ni­
al sod- and tussock-form ing grasses
and grass-l i ke herbs. They occur i n two
distinct settings: sandy marine terraces
within the zone of coastal fog ( usually
<350 meters elevation, within a matrix
ofN orthern Coastal Scrub), or on fi ne­
textured soi ls of ridgetops beyon d
coastal fogs ( usually >750 meters,
with i n a matrix of M ixed Evergreen or
North Coastal Conifer Forests). Inter­
mittent from the Santa Cruz area north
to southern Oregon .
• G REAT BAS I N G RASS LAN D
Pere n n ial sod-formin g and b u n c h
57
grasses. Presu med to have o n c e been
widespread on the Modoc Plateau
and northeastern California. Cu rrently
re presented as scattered, mostly
small, islands i n areas where grazing
pressu re has been l ow and fi re fre­
q uencies h igher than su rro u n d i ng
scru bs. Both u pl an d and bottom-land
forms occur.
• VA LLEY A N D FOOTH I LL
G RASS LA N D
I ntroduced, annual Mediterranean
grasses and native herbs. On m ost sites
the native b u n c h grass species, such as
needl e grass, have been largely or
entirely su pplanted by introd uctions.
Stands rich i n natives usually fou n d o n
u n usual su bstrates, su ch a s serpenti­
nite or somewhat alkal in e soils.
• VE R N A L P O O LS
Seasonal am p h i bious enviro n me nts
dominated by ann ual herbs and grass­
es adapted to germi nation and early
growth u nder water. Spri ng d esiccation
triggers flowering and fruit set, result­
i ng in colorfu l concentric bands
arou n d the drying pools.
• M EA DOWS A N D S E E PS
More or less dense grasses, sedges,
and herbs that th rive, at least seasonal­
ly, u nder moist or saturated condi­
tions. They occur from sea level to
tree l i n e and on many d ifferent sub­
strates. They may be surrounded by
grasslands, forests, or shru blands.
• P LAYAS
Non-vascular pl ants and sparse, gray
shrubs on poorly drained soils with
usually h igh sal i nity and/or a lka linity,
due to evaporation of water from
cl osed basins. Fou n d from the Modoc
Plateau to Sonoran Desert and i n the
San Joaq u i n Val l ey.
• P E B B LE O R PAV E M E NT P LA I N
H erb- and grass-do m i nated open­
ings of l ow cover, d o m inated by several
cushion-forming plants endemic to
dense, clay soils armored by a lag grav-
58
el of quartzite pebbles. Many of the
dominant taxa are themselves rare
plants. Found o n ly in the San Bernar­
d i n o M ountains.
• BOGS A N D F E N S
Wetlands, typ ically occu pyi ng sites
s u b-irrigated by cold, frequently acidic,
water. Plant growth d ense and low
growi ng, dominated by perenn ials
herbs or l ow shrubs. Saturated soils
freq uently allow su bstantial accu mu la­
tions of"peat. " From the Klamath
Ranges to North Coast Ranges, along
the North Coast and i n the northern
Sierra N evada.
• M A RS H ES A N D S WA M PS
Emergent, suffrutescent herbs adapt­
ed to seasonally or permanently satu­
rated soils. These include salt, brackish,
alkali, and fresh water marshes, as wel l
as swamps, with their woody domi­
nants and hydrophytic herbs. Found
thro ughout California.
• RI PA R I A N FO REST
Broadleaved, winter deciduous trees,
forming closed canopies, associated
with low- to m id-elevation perennial
and i ntermittent streams. Most stands
even-aged, reflecting their fl ood­
mediated, episodic reprod uctio n .
These habitats c a n b e fo u n d i n every
county and cli mate in Cal iforn ia.
• RI PA R I A N WOO D LA N D
Broadleaved, wi nter deciduous trees
with open canopies associated with
l ow- to m id -elevation streams. M ost
stands even-aged, reflecting their
flood-controlled, episodic reprod uc­
tion. Th is type tends to occu py more
i nterm ittent streams, often with cobbly
or bouldery bedloads.
• RI PA R I A N S C R U B
Streamside thickets dominated by
one or more wi l l ows, as wel l as by
other fast-growi ng shrubs and vines.
Most plants recolonize fol lowing flood
disturbance.
R A R E , T H R E AT E N E D , A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
• C I S M O NTAN E WOO D LA N D
Trees decid uous, evergreen , o r both,
with open canopies. Broadleaved trees,
especially oaks, d o m inate, although
con ifers may be present in or emergent
through the canopy. Understories may
be open and herbaceous or c losed and
shrubby. This type occurs on a variety
of sites below the conifer forests in
Mediterranean California.
• P I N YO N A N D J U N I PE R WOO D ­
LAN D
Open stands of roun d-topped
con ifers to 5 meters. Understories fre­
q u ently com prised of shrubs and herbs
seen in adjacent stands lacki ng trees.
They often form broad ecotones
between higher elevation forests and
lower elevation scru blands or grass­
lands.
• J O S H UA TREE WOO D LA N D
J oshua trees with open canopies are
usually the o n ly arborescent species
present. Shru bstories typically are
d iverse m ixtures of m icrophyl lous, ever­
green shrubs, semi-deciduous shru bs,
semi-succu lents, and succu l ents.
• S O N O RA N T H O R N WOO D LA N D
Succulents, m icrophyl l ou s herbs
and shrubs, especially of rocky envi­
ron ments. Tree- l i ke plants the visual
d o m i nant.
• B ROAD LEAV E D U P LAN D FO REST
Stands of evergreen or deciduous,
broadleaved trees 5 meters or m ore tall ,
forming closed canopies. Many, but not
all, with very poorly developed under­
stories. Several are seral to montane
conifer forests. It includes the "m ixed
evergreen forest" of the Coast Ranges.
• N O RTH C OAST C O N I F E RO U S
FO REST
Need l e-leaved evergreen trees in usu­
ally q u ite dense stands that may attai n
i m pressive heights. Usually on wel l ­
d rained, mo ist sites with i n t h e reach
of su m m er fogs, but not experiencing
m u c h wi nter s n ow. Th is typ e occ u rs i n
the wetter parts of the North Coast
Ranges.
• C LO S E D - CO N E C O N I FEROUS
FOREST
Dense, even-aged stands domi nated
by serotinous-coned conifers. Most
stands are even-aged due to fi re estab­
lish ment. Usually associated with ster­
ile, rocky soils, strong and steady
winds, and i m pai red drainage. Many
open stands have U nderstories com­
posed of chaparral or coastal scru b
species fro m surround ing areas. Fo u nd
i n most areas, except for the Great Val­
ley or deserts.
• LOWER M O NTA N E C O N I F E RO U S
FOREST
Open to dense stands of conifers
found at l ower and m i ddl e elevations
i n the m ountains. Broad leaved trees
may be present in the u nderstory.
Shrubstories may be dense assem­
blages of chaparral species, especially
i n seral stands. The upper l i mit of
lower montane con iferous forests more
or l ess coincides with the elevation of
maxim u m ann ual precipitation.
• U P P E R M O NTAN E C O N I F E R O U S
FO REST
Open to dense conifer forests, found
at high elevations i n the mountains.
Trees tend to be somewhat shorter
than at lower elevations. Shrubstories
tend to be open, drawn from adjacent
montane chaparral species, or lacking.
Above the elevation of maxim u m pre­
c i pitation, with growing seasons cur­
tailed by wi nter snow acc u m ulations.
• S U BA L P I N E C O N I FERO U S FOREST
Conifer forests and associated cl ear­
i ngs of highest elevations of tree estab­
lish ment. Th is type occurs in areas
where su bstantial snowpack accumu la­
tion and cold tem peratures l imit the
growing season to three months or less.

• A LP I N E B O U L D E R A N D ROCK
FIELD
Fel l-fields, talus slopes, a n d meadows
found above forest line. Favorable sites
may develop continuous turf, but in
most areas plants are tucked between
large nurse rocks that provide protec­
tion from harsh winter conditions.
• A LPI N E DWA R F S C RU B
Com pact, woody su bshrubs above
forest line, adapted to short growing
seasons resu lting from snow accumu la­
tion or harsh winter winds.
Elevation
We present an elevational range for
each taxon i n meters. The stated range
is for the Californ ia portion of a plant's
range o n ly ( i f the taxon also occurs
outside the state) . These elevational
range data have been accumulated
from l iterature, herbari u m speci mens,
and field survey i nformation .
Life Form
We provid e a brief d escri ption of
plant d u ration and l ife form. The
i nformation was primarily d eveloped
from p u b l ished and u n p u b l ished l iter­
ature and from herbari u m m aterial.
Our simpl ified classification system is
as fol l ows:
• D U RATI O N
Annuals grow from seed and repro­
d uce with in a single year.
Perennials l ive more than one year.
Annual/Perennials are variable
depen d i ng on environment and condi­
tions.
• G ROWTH FORM
Herbs are herbaceous and lack
above-ground woody tissue. Bulbifer­
ous herbs have fleshy underground
storage organs typically d erived from
scale leaves (this category includ es
cormiferous and other sim i lar plants i n
which storage organs have other ori-
R A R E , T H R E AT E N E D , A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
gi ns). Rhizomatous herbs have under­
ground stems ( rh izomes), typi cally
bearing shoots which develop into new
plants. Stoloniferous herbs have
above-ground runners ( stolons) which
typically root and produce new p lants.
Shrubs are smal ler woody perenn ials
that retai n m ost of their above-ground
woody tissue and are typically many­
stem m ed . Leaf succulents have thick,
fleshy leaves. Stem succulents have
thick, fleshy stems and red uced or
absent leaves.
Trees are larger woody perennials
that retain all of their above-gro u n d
wood tissue and are typical ly single­
stemmed.
Vines are twin ing woody peren nials
requi ring external support for growth.
Mosses are small green plants (one
of three groups of bryophytes) with
structures that resemble m i n iature
leaves and stem s. The leaves generally
have a m i d ri b called a costa. The
sporophyte (the spore-beari ng struc­
ture) is persistent for weeks.
Liverworts are small green plants
(one of three groups ofbryop hytes).
There are both leafy and thalloid types
- leafy l iverworts lack a m id ri b on the
leaves, wh i l e thalloid l iverworts have no
leaves. The sporophyte is sh ort-l ived.
• LEAF C O N D ITI O N ( FO R S H RU BS ,
TREES, V I N ES O N LY )
Deciduous plants shed their leaves
for part of the year.
Evergreen plants retain their leaves
for an entire year.
• S P E C I A L H A B I TAT
Aquatic plants are submerged or
fl oating on the water surface.
Emergent plants are rooted in water
but bear some fol i age out of the water.
• M O D E O F N UTRITI O N
Achlorophyllous plants lack chloro­
phyl l and l ive on existing organi c mat­
ter in the soi l .
Hemiparasitic plants are con nected
to host plants and derive energy, water,
59
and m inerals from them, but also
mai ntain their own fu nctional root sys­
tems or photosynthetic surfaces.
Parasitic plants are connected to host
plants and rely solely on them for energy,
water, and nutritional requirements.
Carnivorous p lants trap i nsects and
oth er small animals and d erive nour­
ishment from them .
A s i n m ost classifications, some of
the above d istinctions are somewhat
arbitrary, particu larly the d ivisions
between growth forms. Furthermore,
plant growth form can vary depending
on geography and l ocal envi ro n m e ntal
con d itions. Pere n n ials that are often
referred to as either suffrutescent herbs
or su bsh ru bs present special difficul­
ties. General ly, if these p lants d ie back
seasonally to the ground or to a small
crown of woody tissue we cl assified
them as herbs, and if they retai n m uch
or all of their woody above-ground tis­
sue we called them shrubs.
Bloom ing Period
We show the mo nths when each rare
plant is typically in bloom. For ferns
and other spore-bearing plants, we
have given the m onths when spores are
released and spore-bearing structures
such as sori are typ ically present on the
plant. We have not i ncl uded any com­
parable i nformation for gym nosperms
and nonvascular taxa.
Notes
Many entries include additional
notes on distribution, endangerment,
relationshi p to names in TheJepson Man­
ual, or important literature citations.
We have again included information
about legal status and endangerment in
neighboring states i n the notes; official
state designations are specifi cally indi­
cated as such and capital ized, as in
"State-listed as Endangered i n OR" . We
have made a special effort to i nd icate
m issing information about d istri bution,
endangerment, or taxonomy for each
60 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S

California Department of Fish and M u nz, P.A . 1 974. A Flora ofSouthern Califor­
entry, i n the hope that knowledgeable
Game. Sacramento, CA. 1 56 pp. nia. U n iversity of Cal ifornia Press. Berke­
users wil l fill i n the gaps. Abbreviations
ley, CA. 1 086 pp.
that are com m o n ly used in the notes Kartesz, J .T., and J .W. Thieret. 1 99 1 . Com­
are explained on the inside front cover. mon names for vascular plants: G uide­ Shevock, James R. 1 993. H ow plants get
l i nes for use and appl icati o n . Sida 1 4(3): their names and why names change. Fre­
• LITERAT U R E C ITED 42 1 -434. montia 2 1 ( 1 ) : 1 9-24.
M u nz, P.A. 1 959. A California Flora. In col­ Ski n ner, M ark W. and Barbara Ertter.
Abrams, L.R. 1 923-1 960. An Illustrated Flora
laboration with D. D. Keck. U n iversity of 1 993. Whither rare plants i n TheJepson
ofthe Pacific States, Washington, Oregon and
Californ ia Press. Berkeley, CA. 1 68 1 pp. Manual? Fremontia 2 1 (3 ) : 23-27.
California. Vol . 4 by R. Ferris. Stanford
U n iversity Press. Stanford, CA. 4 vols. M u nz, P.A. 1 968. Supplement to a California
Flora. Un iversity of Cali forn ia Press.
H ickman, J . C . , ed . 1 993. Thejepson Manual:
Berkeley, CA. 224 pp.
Higher Plants ofCalifornia. U n iversity of
Californ ia Press. Berkeley, CA. 1 400 pp.
Holland, R.F. 1 986. Preliminary Descriptions
ofthe Terrestrial Natural Communities of
California. Nongame-Heritage Program,

Ceanothus ophiochilus
I nve ntory of Rare a n d E n d a ngered P l a n ts of Ca l i fo rn i a

Abies amabilis ( Dougl . ) Forbes
" Pacific si lver fir" Pinaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1
Siskiyou; Oregon , Washington, a n d else­
where
702B, 7 1 9 D, 736A
Upper montane coniferous forest;
elevation 1 700-2 1 95 meters.
Tree (evergreen).
Known i n California only from isolated
groves. See Fremontia 1 6(3 ) : 1 9-20 ( 1 988)
for information on 736A occurrence.
Abies bracteata ( D. Don ) Poit.
"bristlecone fir" Pinaceae
List 1 8 I RED 3-1-3
Monterey, San Luis Obispo
270B, 2 7 1 A, 271 B, 295C, 296A, 296B,
296D, 3 1 9C, 320A, 320B, 320D, 342C,
3430, 344D
Broad leaved upland forest, chaparral,
lower montane coniferous forest / rocky;
elevation 2 1 0-1 600 meters.
Tree (evergreen ) .
Known only from the Santa Lucia Mtns.
Abies lasiocarpa ( H ook. ) N utt. var.
lasiocarpa
"subalpine fir" Pi naceae
List 2 / RED 2-1-1
Siskiyou; Arizona, Idaho, Nevada, Ore­
gon, Wash ington, and elsewhere
{ 684A, 701 C, 701 D, 702A, 702B, 71 9C,
l
7 1 90
Meadows and seeps, subalpine conifer­
ous forest, upper montane coniferous
forest; elevation 945-2225 meters.
Tree (evergreen).
See Madroiio 20(8):41 3-41 5 ( 1 970) for
distributional i nformation.
Abronia alpina Bdg.
" Ramshaw Meadows abronia"
Nyctagi naceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Federal Candidate
Tulare
306B*, 329C, 3300
Meadows and seeps (granitic, gravelly
margi ns); elevation 2400-2700 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J uly-August.
C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 63
Known from only two extant occurrences Most occu rrences have few plants.
at Ramshaw Meadows and Templeton Threatened by vehicles, non-native
Meadows. Threatened by tram pling from plants, and foot traffic. State-listed as
cattle and trail construction. See Botanical Endangered in Oregon .
Gazette 27:444-457 ( 1 899) for original
description, and Aliso 7(2):201 -205
( 1 970) for discussion ofrediscovery.
Abronia villosa Wats. var. aurita
(Abrams) Jeps.
Abronia maritima Wats. "chaparral sand-verbena" Nyctagi naceae
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
"red sand-verbena" Nyctaginaceae
Orange*, Riverside, San Diego
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
20C* , 33A, 49B, 50A, 50B, 64B, 66B,
Anacapa Island, Los Angeles, Orange,
66C, 67A, 67B, 68A, 68C, 69B, 71 B*,
Santa Barbara, San Clemente Island,
82C, 83A, 83B, 83D, 84C, 86C, 87A,
Santa Catalina Island, Santa Cruz Island,
87D, 88C*, 88D*
San Diego, San Luis Obispo, San Miguel
Island, San Nicolas Island, Ventura; Baja Chaparral, coastal scrub / sandy;
Californi a elevation 80- 1 600 meters.
Coastal d unes; elevation 0- 1 00 meters. Annual herb, blooms January-August.
Threatened by flood control activities
Perenn ial herb, blooms February­
November. and development. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey
Botanical Club 32(1 0):537 ( 1 905) for origi­
Nearly extirpated in southern California;
nal descri ption, Flora ofCalifornia 1 :455
more common to north? Field surveys
( 1 9 1 4) by W.L. Jepson for revised nomen­
needed. Hybrid izes with A. latifolia and A.
clature, and Brittonia 27(4):340 ( 1 995)
umbellata. See Botany ofCalifornia 2:4
for taxonomic treatment.
( 1 880) for original descri ption.
Abronia nana Wats. ssp. covillei Abutilon parvulum Gray
( H ei m erl ) M u nz "dwarf I n d ian-mal low" M alvaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
"Covi l le's dwarf abronia" Nyctaginaceae
San Bernard i no; Arizona, Baja California,
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Utah, and
I nyo, Mono, San Bernard ino; Nevada elsewhere
Great Basin scrub, Joshua tree "wood­ 1 76A
land", pi nyon and jun iper woodland,
subal pine coniferous forest, upper mon­ Chenopod scrub ( rocky); elevation
tane con iferous forest / carbonate,
sandy; elevation 1 600-3 1 00 meters.
900-1 300 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-May.
Perennial herb, blooms May-August. Known in Cal iforn ia from only two occur­
Threatened by carbonate mining and vehi­ rences in the Providence Mtns.
cles in the San Bernardino Mtns., and by
grazing in the White and Inyo mountains. Acacia minuta ssp. minuta
See Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections Considered but rejected: not in Cal ifor­
52: 1 97 ( 1 908) for original description,
nia; name misapplied to A. farnesiana var.
and Manual ofSouthern California Botany, pp. farnesiana, a non-native plant
1 50, 598 ( 1 935) by P. Munz for taxonom­
ic treatment.
Acacia smallii
Considered but rejected: not native; m is­
Abronia umbellata Lam . ssp. applied to A. farnesiana var. farnesiana
breviflora (Sta n d ! . ) M u nz
" p i n k sand-verbena" Nyctagi naceae Acalypha californica
List 1 B / RED 2-3-2
Considered but rejected : too com mon
Del Norte, Humboldt, Mendocino,
Mari n , Sonoma*; Oregon
485C, 503 D*, 537B, 569A, 569D, 585A,
585D, 654B, 655A, 672A, 672B, 672C,
689D, 706A, 706D, 723B, 723D, 740C
Coastal d unes; elevation 0- 1 0 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne-October.
64 C N P S I N V E NTORY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS
Acanthomintha duttonii (Abrams)
J o ke rst
"San Mateo thorn-mint" Lamiaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
San Mateo
428B*, 429A, 448D*
Chaparral, valley and foothill grassland /
serpentinite; elevation 50-300 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Known from only two extant natural
occurrences and one introduced popula­
tion ; three historical occurrences have
been extirpated. Seriously threatened by
Acanthornintha development, vehicles, and vandalism.
duttonii USFWS uses the name Acanthornintha obo­
vata ssp. duttonii. See Illustrated Flora ofthe
Pacific States 3:635 ( 1 95 1 ) by L. Abrams
for original description, and Madrano
38( 4 ) : 2 78-286 ( 1 991 ) for revised
nomenclature.
Acanthomintha ilicifolia ( G ray)
G ray
"San Diego thorn-mint" Lam i aceae
List 1 B / RED 2-3-2
State Endangered/Federal
Threatened
San Diego; Baja California
l OA, l O B, l OC, l l A* , l l B* , 20C, 2 1 B,
2 1 C* , 2 1 D, 22A, 22B, 22C*, 2 2 D, 34C,
35B, 35C, 35D, 36A, 36D
Chaparral, coastal scrub, valley and
foothill grassland, vernal pools / clay;
elevation 1 0-935 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms April-June.
Approximately 40% of the h istorical
occu rrences in California have been extir­
pated; threatened by urban ization, road
construction, vehicles, grazing, tram­
pling, erosion, and non-native plants.
Several occu rrences i ntroduced (22B,
34C, 35B, 36D), but few have survived.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Arts and Sciences 8:368 ( 1 872) for original
description.
Acanthomintha lanceolata C u rran
"Santa Clara thorn-mint" Lam iaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Alameda, Fresno, Merced, Monterey, San
Benito, Santa Clara, Stan islaus
Chaparral (often serpenti nite ), cismon­
tane woodland, coastal scrub / rocky;
elevation 80-1 200 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-J u ne.
Possi bly th reatened by grazing.
Acanthomintha obovata j eps. ssp.
cordata J okerst
"heart-leaved thorn-mint" Lamiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Los Angeles, Monterey, Santa Barbara,
San Luis Obispo, Ventura
Chaparral (openings), cismontane wood­
land, pi nyon and juniper woodland, val­
ley and footh i l l grassland / clay; elevation
785-1 540 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ly.
Possibly threatened by vehicles and graz­
i ng. See Madrano 38( 4 ):278-286 ( 1 991 )
for original description.
Acanthomintha obovata ssp.
duttonii
See Acanthomintha duttonii
Acanthomintha obovata jeps. ssp.
obovata
"San Ben ito thorn- m i nt" Lamiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Fresno, Monterey, San Benito, San Luis
Obispo
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, valley
and foothill grassland / heavy clay, alka­
line, serpentinite; elevation 395-1 500
meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ly.
Threatened by grazing.
Achillea millefolium var. gigantea
Considered but rejected : a synonym o f A.
millefoliurn; a common taxon
Achnatherum aridum U o nes)
Barkworth
" Mormon needle grass" Poaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1-1
I nyo, Mono, San Bernard i no; Arizona,
Nevada, and elsewhere
200A, 248B, 248C, 249A, 249C, 249D,
2SOB, 274C, 323B, 369C, 390C, 390D,
43 1 A
Joshua tree "woodland", pi nyon and
j u n iper woodland / carbonate; elevation
1 200-1 550 meters.
Peren nial herb, blooms May-J uly.
See Phytologia 74( 1 ) : 1 -25 ( 1 993) for
revised nomenclature.

Achnatherum d iegoense (Swallen)
Barkworth
"San Diego Cou nty n eedle grass" Poaceae
List 4 I RED 1 -2-1
Anacapa Island, Santa Cruz Island, San
Diego, San Miguel Island, San Nicolas
Island, Santa Rosa Island; Baja California
Chaparral, coastal scrub / rocky, often
mesic; elevation 1 0-700 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms February-J u ne.
See Madrano 33( 4):309-3 1 0 ( 1 986) for
d i stri butional i n formation, and Phytolo­
gia 7 4( 1 ) : 1 -2 S ( 1 9 9 3 ) for revised
nomenclature.
Achnatherum lemmonii (Vasey)
Barkworth var. pubescens
(Cram pto n ) Barkworth
"pu bescent need le grass" Poaceae
List 3 / RED 3-2-3
Lake, Tehama
S6SD, S96A, S96B
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest I serpentinite; elevation
1 030-1 3 1 S meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-July.
Move to List 1 B? Taxonomic questions
remain, since plant co-occurs with nom­
i nate variety. A synonym of A. lemmonii
i n TheJepson Manual, but author now
believes it is distinct. Threatened by
grazing. See Leaflets of Western Botany
7(9):220 ( 1 9 S S ) for origi nal descrip­
tion , Madrano 31 ( 1 ) :48-S6 ( 1 984) for
alternate taxonomic treatment, and Phy­
tologia 74( 1 ): 1 -2 5 ( 1 993) for revised
nomenclature.
Achnatherum stillmanii
Considered but rejected: too common
Acleisanthes longiflora Gray
"angel tru m pets" Nyctaginaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Riverside; Arizona, New Mexico, Texas,
and elsewhere
SSA
Sonoran desert scrub (carbonate);
elevation 90-9S meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May.
Known in Cal ifornia only from one occur­
rence in the Maria Mtns.
Adolphia californica Wats.
"California adolphia" Rhamnaceae
List 2 / RED 1 -3-1
San Diego; Baja Cal ifornia
C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS
1 0B, 1 0C, 1 1 A, 1 1 D, 22A, 22B, 22D,
3SB, 3SC, 3SD, 36A, 36D
Chaparral, coastal scrub, valley and
foothill grassland / clay; elevation
45-300 meters.
Shrub (decid uous), blooms
December-May.
Threatened by u rbanization, road con­
struction, non-native plants, and grazing.
Agastache parvifolia
Considered but rejected: too common
Agave shawii ( Enge l m . ) Gentry
"Shaw's agave" Liliaceae
List 2 I RED 3-3-1
San Diego; Baja California
1 1 B, 1 1 D, 22B
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub;
elevation 1 0-7S meters.
Shrub (leaf succulent), blooms
September-May.
Known in California from fewer than five
native occurrences. I ntroduced at several
locations, i nclud ing Cabrillo NM.
Agave utahensis
See Agave utahensis var. nevadensis
Agave utahensis ( Engle m . ) Gentry
var. eborispina ( H ester) Breitu ng
" ivory-spined agave" Li liaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-2
I nyo; Nevada
27SA, 27SD
Mojavean desert scrub (carbonate, rocky
slopes); elevation 94S-1 3 70 meters.
Shrub (leaf succulent), blooms
May-June.
Known in Cal ifornia only from the Nopah
Range. See A. utahensis i n TheJepson Man­
ual. On watch l ist i n Nevada. See Cactus
andSucculentjournal 1 4 : 1 3 1 ( 1 943) for
original description and 32:20 ( 1 960) for
revised nomenclature.
Agave utahensis ( Enge l m . ) Gentry
var. nevadensis Enge l m .
" Clark Mou ntain agave" Li liaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
I nyo, San Bernardino; Nevada
Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean
desert scrub, pinyon and juniper wood­
land / carbonate or volcanic; elevation
900-1 58S meters.
Shrub (leaf succulent), blooms May-July.
65
A synonym of A. utahensis in TheJepson
Manual. See Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical
Garden 1 6:390 ( 1 929) for original
description.
Ageratina herbacea (Gray) R. M .
King & H . Robinson
"desert agerati na" Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1
I nyo?, San Bernardino; Arizona, Baja Cal­
i fornia, New Mexico, Sonora (Mexico),
Texas, Utah, and elsewhere
1 76A, 200A, 200B, 2 25D, 249D
Pi nyon and juniper wood land (rocky);
elevation 1 S2S-2200 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms July-October.
Does plant occur in I nyo County? See
Phytologia 1 9( 4 ):222 ( 1 970) for revised
nomenclatu re.
Ageratina shastensis ( D.W. Taylor
& Steb.) R. M . King & H. Robi nson
"Shasta ageratina" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Shasta
Chaparral, lower montane con iferous
forest / rocky, carbonate; elevation
400-1 800 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J une-October.
Threatened by mining. See Madrano
2S( 4 ):2 1 8-220 ( 1 978) for original
description.
Agoseris elata
Considered but rejected : too common
Agropyron scribneri
See E/ymus scribneri
Agrostis aristiglumis
Considered but rejected : a synonym ofA.
microphylla; a common taxon
Agrostis blasdalei H itchc.
" Blasdale's b e n t grass" Poaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Mendocino, Mari n, Santa Cruz, Sonoma
409D, 48SB, 485C, S02C, S03A, S03D,
S20B, S20D, S37B, SS2B, S69A, S69D
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal du nes,
coastal prarie; elevation S-1 SO meters.
Perennial herb (rh izomatous), blooms
May-J u ly.
Known from fewer than fifteen occur­
rences. Historical occu rrences need field
su rveys. Threatened by agriculture and
recreatio n . I ncludes A. blasdalei var. mari­
nensis, which is state-listed Rare.
66 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Agrostis blasdalei var. blasdalei
See Agrostis blasdalei
Agrostis blasdalei var. marinensis
See Agrostis blasdalei
Agrostis clivicola var. clivicola
Considered but rejected: a synonym ofA.
densiflora; a common taxon
Agrostis clivicola var. punta­
reyesens1s
Considered but rejected: a synonym ofA.
densiflora; a common taxon
Agrostis hendersonii H itchc.
" H enderson's bent grass" Poaceae
List 3 / RED 3-2-2
Butte?, Calaveras, Merced , Shasta,
Tehama; Oregon *
42 1 A, 42 1 B, 459A, 477B*, 575A?, 594B,
628C, 628D, 646A, 647D
Valley and footh ill grassland ( mesic), ver­
nal pools; elevation 70-305 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
Move to List 1 B? Field surveys needed.
Identity of Butte County plants remains
questionable. One occurrence extirpated
by construction of Comanche Reservoir;
also th reatened by development. Candi­
date for state l isting i n Oregon , but pre­
sumed extinct there. Very similar to A.
microphylla; study needed . Chromosome
distinction exists between these two taxa
exists; see Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical
Club 72:541 -549 ( 1 945) and Southwestern
Naturalist 1 0: 2 1 1 -2 1 3 ( 1 965) for infor­
mation. See journal ofthe Washington Acad­
emy ofSciences 20( 1 5 ):381 ( 1 930) for
original description, Madrano 3(6):230
( 1 936) for first CA record, and Leaflets of
Western Botany ( 1 2 ) :258 ( 1 943 ) for sec­
ond CA record .
Agrostis hooveri Swall .
" Hoover's bent grass" Poaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Santa Barbara, San Lu is Obispo
1 70B, 1 71 A, 1 95C, 2 2 1 A, 2 2 1 B, 22 1 D,
222A, 245C, 2460
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, valley
and foothi l l grassland / usually sandy;
elevation 60-600 meters.
Perennial herb (stoloniferous), blooms
April-J uly.
Threatened by development.
Agrostis humilis Vasey
" m o u ntain bent grass" Poaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Alpine, Mariposa, Tuolumne; Nevada,
Oregon , Washington, and elsewhere
454A, 454C, 489C, 506D
Alpine bou lder and rock field , meadows
and seeps, subalpine coniferous forest;
elevation 2 700-3200 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-September.
To be expected elsewhere in California;
need i nformation. On review list in Ore­
gon. l ntergrades with A. thurberiana. See
Madrano 25( 4 ) : 232 ( 1 978) for first Cal i­
fornia record .
Agrostis microphylla var.
hendersonii
See Agrostis hendersonii
Alisma gramineum Lej .
"narrow-leaved water-plantain"
Alismataceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Lassen , Mendoci no, Modoc, Siskiyou;
Arizona, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico,
Oregon, Utah , Washington, and else­
where
567A, 640C, 657D, 674B, 675A, 675D,
692A, 709D, 71 5B, 726A
Marshes and swamps (assorted shallow
freshwater); elevation 390-1 800 meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous, aquatic),
blooms J u ne-August.
Allium anserinum
Considered but rejected : known only from
the type; see A. parishii, of wh ich it is prob­
ably a synonym
Allium atrorubens Wats. var.
atrorubens
"Great Basin onion" Li liaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1
Lassen , Mono; Arizona, Nevada, Oregon,
and elsewhere
470A, 470B, 602D, 620B, 620C, 620D
Great Basin scrub, pinyon and juniper
woodland / rocky or sandy; elevation
1 200-2 1 00 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
May-June.
Known i n California from fewer than ten
occurrences. See Botany ofthe King Explo­
ration, p. 352 ( 1 871 ) for original descrip­
tion, and Madrano 39(2):83-89 ( 1 992 )
for distribution in Californ ia.
Allium atrorubens Wats. var.
cristatum (Wats. ) D. McNeal
" I n yo onion" Li liaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
I nyo, San Bernardino; Nevada
Joshua tree "woodland", pinyon and
jun iper woodland / sandy or rocky;
elevation 1 200-2440 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
April-May.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Arts and Sciences 1 4:232 ( 1 879) for origi­
nal description.
Allium cratericola
Considered but rejected : too common
Allium davisiae
Considered but rejected : too common; a
synonym of A. lacunosum var. davisiae
Allium fimbriatum var. m unzii
See Allium munzii
Allium fimbriatum Wats. var.
purdyi ( Eastw. ) Own bey & Aase
" Pu rdy's onion" Li l iaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Colusa, Lake, Napa, Yolo*
Chaparral, cismontane woodland / ser­
penti n ite, clay; elevation 300-600
meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
Apri l-J u ne.
See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 2 : 1 1 0 ( 1 938)
for original description, and Aliso 1 3 :423
( 1 992) for revised nomenclature.
Allium fimbriatum var.
sharsmithiae
See Allium sharsmithae
Allium hickmanii Eastw.
" H ickman's onion" Li l iaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Monterey, San Luis Obispo
271 B, 272A, 295B, 296B, 365B, 366A,
366C, 366D
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral
(mariti me), coastal prarie, coastal scrub,
valley and footh i l l grassland; elevation
20-1 85 meters.
Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
Apri l-May.

Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Threatened by u rban ization,
grazing, road construction, and m i litary
activities. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botani­
cal Club 30:483-502 ( 1 903) for original
description.
Allium hoffmanii Trau b
" Beegu m onion" Liliaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3
Humboldt, Shasta, Tehama, Tri nity
Lower montane coniferous forest (ser­
penti nite); elevation 1 1 00-1 800 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
J u ne-J uly.
See Plant Life 28:63 ( 1 972) for original
description .
Allium howellii Eastw. var. clokeyi
Trau b
" Mt. Pi nos onion" Liliaceae
List 18 / RED 2-1 -3
Los Angeles?*, Santa Barbara, Ventura
1 63B*?, 1 63C*?, 1 65A, 1 65B, 1 90C,
1 90D, 1 9 1 C, 1 9 1 D, 1 93 D
Great Basin scrub, pi nyon a n d j u n i per
woodland; elevation 1 300-1 850 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
April-J une.
Did plant occur i n Los Angeles County?
Allium jepsonii (Tra u b ) Den ison & April-J u ly.
D. M cNeal
"Jepson's onion" Lil iaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Butte, Tuolumne
457B, 458B, 575B, 59 1 C, 592D
Cismontane woodland, lower montane
coniferous forest / serpentinite or vol­
canic; elevation 300-1 1 60 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
May-August.
Known from only two extended occur­
rences. See Plant Life 28:63 ( 1 972) for
original description, and Madrano
36(2 ) : 1 22-1 30 ( 1 989) for revised
nomenclature.
Allium marvinii A. David s .
"Yucaipa onion" Liliaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Riverside, San Bernard i no
84B, 1 05C
Chaparral (c l ay, openings); e l evation
760-1 065 meters.
Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
April-May.
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D PLA N T S
Known from only two occurrences i n the
Yucaipa and Beaumont area of the
southern San Bernard ino Mtns. Threat­
ened by u rbanization. Not in TheJepson
Manual. See Bulletin ofthe Southern Califor­
nia Academy ofSciences 20:49 ( 1 92 1 ) for
original description.
Allium membranaceu m
Considered b u t rejected: too common
Allium monticola
Considered but rejected: too common
Allium monticola var. keckii
Considered but rejected: a synonym of A.
monticola; a common taxon
Alli um munzii ( Tra u b ) D. M cNeal
" M u nz's onion" Li liaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Threatened/Federal
Endangered
Riverside
68A, 68B, 68D, 69A, 69B, 69D, 86C,
86D, 87D
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal
scrub, pinyon and juniper woodland, val­
ley and foothill grassland / mesic, clay;
elevation 300-1 070 meters.
Perennial herb (bul biferous), blooms
March-May.
Known from fewer than fifteen occur­
rences. Th reatened by development, clay
mini ng, agricu lture, grazi ng, vehicles, and
non-native plants. Cleveland NF has
adopted species management guideli nes.
Allium sanbornii A.W. Woo d var.
Allium nevadense Wats.
sanbornii
" N evada onion" Lil i aceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
San Bernardino; Arizona, Nevada, Ore­
gon, and elsewhere
1 76A, 224C
Pinyon and j u n i per woodland (sandy or
gravelly); elevation 1 300-1 700 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
April-May.
Known i n California from fewer than five
occurrences. See Botany ofthe King Explo­
ration p. 351 ( 1 87 1 ) for original descrip­
tion, and Madrano 39(2 ):83-89 ( 1 992 )
for distribution in Californ ia.
Allium parishii Wats.
"Parish's onion" Li liaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
I mperial, Riverside, San Bernard i no;
Arizona
67
Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean
desert scrub, pinyon and j u n i per wood­
land / rocky; elevation 900-1 465 meters.
Perennial herb (bul biferous), blooms
April-May.
Allium peninsulare Lem m o n var.
franciscanu m D. M c N eal & Ownbey
"Franciscan o nion" Li liaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Santa Clara, San Mateo, Sonoma
403D, 428B, 429A, 448C, 448D, 484B,
501A
Cismontane woodland, valley and
footh ill grassland / clay, often serpenti­
n ite; elevation 1 00-300 meters.
Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
May-J u ne.
See Phytologia 73( 4):3 1 0 ( 1 992) for origi­
nal description.
Allium sanbornii A . W. Woo d var.
congdonii J eps.
"Congdon's onion" Li l iaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
El Dorado, Mariposa, Nevada, Placer,
Tuolumne
Chaparral, cismontane woodland / ser­
pentinite or volcanic; elevation 300-700
meters.
Perennial herb (bul biferous), blooms
See Flora ofCalifornia 1 (6):275 ( 1 922) by
W.L. Jepson for origi nal description, and
Madrano 36(2): 1 22- 1 3 0 ( 1 989) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
"Sanborn's o n ion" Li liaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
Butte, Calaveras, El Dorado, Nevada,
Placer, Shasta, Tehama, Yuba; Oregon
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
montane coniferous forest / usually ser­
pentinite, gravelly; elevation 260-1 4 1 0
meters.
Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
May-September.
Known from smal l, widely scattered pop­
ulations. On review l ist in Oregon. See
Proceedings ofthe Academy ofNatural Sciences
of Philadelphia 20: 1 71 ( 1 868) for original
descri ption, and Madrano 36(2 ): 1 22-1 30
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Allium sanbornii var. tuolum nense
See Allium tuolumnense
68 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S

Allium sharsmithae (Trau b ) D. Allium tuolumnense (Trau b ) Aloysia wrightii Abrams

McNeal Denison & D . McNeal "oreganillo" Verbenaceae
"Sharsm ith's onion" Li l iaceae " Rawh ide H i l l o n io n " Li liaceae List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -1
List 18 / RED 2-1 -3 List 18 / RED 2-2-3 San Bernard i no; Arizona, Baja California,
Alameda, Santa Clara, Stan islaus Tuolumne Nevada, New Mexico, Sonora (Mexico),
Texas, Utah
42SA, 425B, 445D 458B, 458C, 458D
Joshua tree "woodland", pi nyon and
Chaparral, cismontane woodland / ser­ Cismontane woodland (serpentinite);
juniper woodland / rocky, often carbon­
pentinite, rocky; elevation 400-1 200 elevation 300-600 meters.
ate; elevation 900-1 600 meters.
meters. Perennial h erb (bulbiferous), blooms
Shrub (evergreen), blooms
Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms March-May.
Apri I-October.
March-May. Known from approximately twenty occur­
See Muhlenbergia 1 (9): 1 47 ( 1 906) for
Known only from the Mt. Hami lton rences. Threatened by grazing, urbaniza­
original description.
Range. tion, road maintenance, and vehicles. See
Plant Life 28:63 ( 1 972) for original descrip­
tion, and Madrano 36(2): 1 22-1 30 ( 1 989) Amaranthus watsonii Stanci l .
Allium shevockii D. McNeal
for revised nomenclature.
"Watson's amaranth" Amaranthaceae
"Spanish Needle onion" Liliaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 - 1
List 18 / RED 3 - 1 -3 Allium yosemitense Eastw. Imperial, San Bernard i no; Baja Califor­
Kern
"Yosem ite onion" Li liaceae n ia, Sonora (Mexico)
2 1 2A, 282C, 283D
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3 Mojavean desert scrub, Sonoran desert
Pinyon and j u n i per woodland, u pper scru b; elevation 20-1 700 meters.
State Rare
montane con iferous forest / rocky;
Mariposa, Tuolumne Annual herb, blooms April-September.
elevation 1 465-2500 meters.
43 7B, 437C, 438A, 438D, 456C See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
41 :505 ( 1 9 1 4) for original description.
J u ne. Broadleaved upland forest, chaparral,
Known from only three occurrences cismontane wood land, lower montane
at Spanish Need le and Sand Cyn. See coniferous forest I rocky, metamorphic Ambrosia ambrosioides
Madrano 34( 2 ) : 1 50-1 54 ( 1 987) for origi­ or granitic; elevation 535-2200 meters. Considered but rejected: not in Cal iforn ia
nal description. Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
April-J uly. Ambrosia chenopodiifolia ( Be nth . )
Allium siskiyouense Trau b Known from fewer than twenty occur­ Payne
rences. See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 1 : 1 32-
"Siskiyou onion" Li l i aceae 1 33 ( 1 934) for original description, Fre­ "San Diego bur-sage" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -1 montia 8(1 ) : 1 5-1 8 ( 1 980) for information List 2 / RED 3-3-1
Del Norte, H u m boldt, Siskiyou, Tri nity; on rediscovery, and Aliso 1 1 ( 1 ):27-35 San Diego; Baja Cal ifornia
Oregon ( 1 985) for taxonomic treatment. 1 0C, 1 1 A, 1 1 0
Lower montane coniferous forest, upper Coastal scrub; elevation 55-1 55 meters.
montane coniferous forest / rocky, some­ Alopecurus aequalis Sobo l . var.
times serpentin ite; elevation 900-2500 Shrub, blooms April-J une.
sonomensis Ru btzoff
meters. Known in Califo rnia from approxi­
Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms "Sonoma alopecurus" Poaceae mately ten occurrences. Threatened by
May-J uly. List 18 / RED 3-3-3 development.
Federal Endangered
Allium tribracteatum Torr. Mari n, Sonoma Ambrosia eriocentra
467B, 485C, 5 0 1 A, 502A, 502B, 502D, Considered but rejected : too common
"th ree-bracted o n ion" Liliaceae
503A
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Marshes and swamps (freshwater), ripar­ Am brosia pum ila ( N utt.) Gray
Calaveras, Tuolumne
ian scrub; elevation 5-2 1 0 meters.
472C, 473 B, 473D, 474A, 474B, 474C, "San Diego am brosia" Asteraceae
Perennial herb, blooms May-J uly. List 1 8 / RED 3-3-2
474D, 475A, 475D, 49 1 A, 49 1 D
Known from fewer than five native occur­ Federal-proposed, Endangered
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
rences, totall ing 200 individual plants as
forest, upper montane coniferous forest / Riverside, San Diego; Baja California
of 1 993. Two occurrences i ntroduced in
volcanic; elevation 1 220-3000 meters. 9B, 1 0B, 1 1 A, 1 1 D, 2 1 C, 22B, 22C, 22D,
1 987 ( 485C, 485D), but both appear to
Peren nial herb (bulbiferous), blooms have fai led as of 1 993. Historical locali­ 35D, 36A, 50C, 68C, 68D, 69A, 86B*
April-August. ties need field surveys. Threatened by cat­ Chaparral, coastal scrub, valley and
Threatened by vehicles. See Report ofthe tle trampling, wetland habitat loss, and foothill grassland, vernal pools / often in
Pacific Railroad Expedition 4: 1 48 ( 1 857) for non-native plants. See A. aequalis i n The disturbed areas; elevation 20-41 5 meters.
original description, and Aliso 1 1 ( 1 ) :27-35 Jepson Manual.
Perenn ial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
( 1 985) for revised treatment. May-September.
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Many occu rrences extirpated in San
Diego County. Threatened by develop­
ment. Confused with A. confertiflora, but
the two are q uite distinct. See Madroiio
39(2 ) : 1 S7 ( 1 992) for first Riverside
County record .
Ammobroma sonorae
See Pholisma sonorae
Ammoselinum giganteum Cou lt.
Rose
"desert sand-parsley"
List 2 / RED 3-1 -1
Riverside; Arizona, and elsewhere
Amsinckia grandiflora
69
62A, 62B
Sonoran desert scrub; elevation 400-400
meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-Apri l .
Known i n Cal iforn ia only from Hayfields
Dry Lake. Field surveys needed .
Amorpha californica N utt. var.
napensis Jeps.
& " Napa false i n digo" Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Monterey, Marin, Napa, Sonoma
Apiaceae
343D, 467A, 467B, 484A, 484C, 500B,
500C, 501 A, 501 B, 503A, 503D, 5 1 6C,
5 1 7B, 5 1 7C, 5 1 7D, 5 1 8C, 5 1 9C, 5 1 9D
Broadleaved upland forest (openings),
chaparral, cismontane woodland;
elevation 1 50-2000 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms April-J u ly.
See Manual ofthe Flowering Plants ofCalifor­
nia, p. 556 ( 1 925) by W.L. Jepson for orig­
i nal descri ption, and Rhodora 77:348-350
( 1 975) for taxonomic treatment.
Amphipappus fremontii var.
fremontii
Considered but rejected : too common
Amsinckia furcata
See Amsinckia vernicosa var. furcata
Amsinckia grandiflora (Gray)
Greene
"large-flowered fidd leneck" Boraginaceae
List 1 B I RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Alameda, Contra Costa, San Joaq uin
444B, 444C, 445A, 464A, 464D
Cismontane wood land, valley and
footh ill grassland; elevation 275-305
meters.
Annual h erb, blooms April-May.
Known from only three natural occur­
rences. Reduced by agricu lture, develop­
ment, and grazi ng; currently th reatened
by non-native plants and possibly by
altered fire frequ ency. Recent rei ntro­
d uctions h ave occu rred ( 444C, 464A,
4640) as part of State and Federal
recovery work, but most decl i n i ng as of
1 994. USFWS has designated critical
habitat. See Botany ofCalifornia 1 :525
( 1 876) for original descri ption, and Con­
servation Biology 7(3 ) : 5 1 0-526 ( 1 993) for
population biology.
70 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Amsinckia lunaris M acbr.
"bent-Aowered fid d leneck" Boraginaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Alameda, Contra Costa, Colusa, Lake,
Mari n , Napa, Santa Cruz, Shasta?, Siski­
you?, San Mateo, Sonoma
408C, 409D, 445B, 448B, 448C, 448D,
465B, 465C, 465D, 484C, 485A, 485B,
50 1 B, 5 1 6B, 533C, 533D, 534B, 547B,
547C, 548A, 549B, 549C, 564B
Coastal bl uffscrub, cismontane wood­
land, valley and footh ill grassland;
elevation 3-500 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms March-June.
Many col lections old; current status
information needed. Does plant occur in
Shasta and Siskiyou counties? Threat­
ened by development.
Amsinckia spectabilis var.
microcarpa
Considered but rejected : too common
Amsinckia vernicosa H. &A var.
furcata (Su ksd . ) Hoov.
"forked fidd leneck" Boraginaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Fresno, Kings, Kern, San Benito, San Luis
Obispo
Cismontane woodland, valley and
footh ill grassland; elevation 50-1 000
meters.
Annual herb, blooms February-May.
More common than previously thought.
Threatened by m i n i ng and grazi ng. See
Americanjournal ofBotany 44: 529-536
( 1 957) for discussion of taxonomy.
Amsinckia vernicosa var. vernicosa
Considered but rejected : too common
Androsace elongata L. ssp. acuta
(Greene) Robbins
"California androsace" Pri m u laceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
Alameda, Contra Costa, Colusa, Fresno,
Kern, Los Angeles*, Merced, San Bernar­
di no, San Benito, Santa Clara, San Diego,
Siskiyou, San Joaquin, San Luis Obispo,
Tehama?; Baja California, Oregon *
Chaparral, cismontane woodland,
coastal scrub, valley and foothi l l grass­
land; elevation 305-1 200 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms March-J u ne.
H igh ly local ized and often overlooked;
many occu rrences extirpated. Does plant
occu r in Tehama County? Very rare i n
Southern Cal ifornia. Endangered i n Ore­
gon . See Manual ofthe Botany ofthe Region
ofSan Francisco Bay, p. 238 ( 1 894) by E.
Greene for original descri ption, and
American Midland Naturalist 3 2 : 1 32-1 63
( 1 944) for taxonomic treatment.
Androsace filiformis Retz.
"slender-stem med androsace" Pri m ulaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1 -1
Siskiyou; Idaho, Oregon, Washington,
Wyoming, and elsewhere
732C, 733 D
Meadows and seeps, upper montane
coniferous forest; elevation 1 800-1 830
meters.
Annual herb, blooms J u ne-October.
Androsace occidentalis Pursh . var.
sim plex ( Ryd b.) St. John
"si mple androsace" Pri mu laceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Placer; Arizona, New Mexico, Texas,
Utah, and elsewhere
556C
Upper montane coniferous forest (usual­
ly mesic); elevation 1 675-1 700 meters.
Annual herb, blooms August-September.
Known i n Cal ifornia only from Emigrant
Gap. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
40(9):462 ( 1 9 1 3 ) for original description.
Androstephium breviflorum Wats.
"small-Aowered androsteph i u m " Li l i aceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
I nyo, Riverside, San Bernard ino; Arizona,
Nevada, Utah , and elsewhere
99D, 1 58C, 204B, 204C, 204D, 228B,
229D, 2 5 1 A
Mojavean desert scrub (bajadas);
elevation 220- 1 600 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
March-Apri l .
Need q uads for I nyo County. See Madrano
3 1 ( 3 ) : 1 92 ( 1 984) for distributional infor­
mation .
Angelica arguta
Considered but rejected: too common
Angelica callii Math. & Const.
"Cal i's angelica" Apiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Fresno, Kern, Tu lare
Cismontane wood land, lower moncane
coniferous forest / mesic; elevation
1 1 00-2000 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms June-J u ly.
See Madrano 24( 2 ) :78-83 ( 1 977) for
original description.
Angelica kingii (Wats. ) Cou lt. &
Rose
" King's angelica" Apiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
I nyo, Mono; Idaho, Nevada, Utah
Great Basin scrub, meadows and seeps,
pinyon and juniper woodland / mesic;
elevation 1 830-3080 meters.
Perennial herb, bloom s J u ne-August.
Known in California only from the White
Mtns. Threatened by grazing and erosion.
See Botany ofthe King Exploration p. 1 26
( 1 871 ) for original descri ption, and Con­
tributions from the U.S. National Herbarium
7: 1 58 ( 1 900) for revised nomenclature.
Angelica lucida L.
"sea-watch " Apiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
Del Norte, Humboldt, Mendocino; Ore­
gon, Wash ington, and elsewhere
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal du nes,
coastal scrub, marshes and swamps
(coastal salt); elevation 0-1 50 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-September.
Anisocarpus scabridus ( Eastw. )
B . G . Baldwin
"scabrid alpine tarplant" Asteraceae
List 18 / RED 2 - 1 -3
Colusa, Glen n, Lake, Mendocino, Shasta,
Tehama, Trin ity
565A, 581 C, 582D, 597B, 597C, 598A,
61 3C, 6 1 3D, 634D, 680� 680D
Upper montane coniferous forest (meta­
morphic, rocky); elevation 1 650-2300
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
Need quads for Glenn County. A syn­
onym of Raillardiopsis scabrida in TheJepson
Manual. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical
Club 32:2 1 6 ( 1 905) for origi nal descrip­
tion, and Navan 9 :462-471 ( 1 999) for
revised nomenclature.
Anomobryum filiforme ( D icks)
Sol ms.
Bryaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Humboldt, Mariposa?, Santa Cruz; Ore­
gon , and elsewhere
408B, 455D?, 655D

Broadleaved upland forest, lower mon­
tane coniferous forest, North Coast
coniferous forest / damp rock and soil on
outcrops, usually on roadcuts; elevation
1 00-1 000 meters.
Moss.
I nfreq uent in California but abu ndant i n
m uch o f its range. Need confirmation of
Yosem ite NP col lection (Mariposa Coun­
ty). See Pl. Crypt. Brit. Fasc. 4: 1 6 ( 1 80 1 )
for original description, and Bryothr. Eur.
25:331 ( 1 873) for revised nomenclature.
Antennaria flagellaris (Gray) Gray
"stoloniferous pussy-toes" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
Lassen, Modoc; I daho, Nevada, Oregon,
Washi ngton, and elsewhere
Great Basin scrub (vernally mesic);
elevation 1 450-2220 meters.
Perennial herb (stoloniferous), blooms
April-August.
Threatened by m i ni ng. See Madrofio
30(2): 1 29 ( 1 983) for first California
record .
Antennaria marginata Green e
"white-margi ned everlasti ng" Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
San Bernardino; Arizona, New Mexico,
and elsewhere
1 05A, 1 05D
Lower montane coniferous forest, upper
montane coniferous forest; elevation
2 1 50-2 1 50 meters.
Perennial herb (stoloniferous), blooms
May-August.
Known in California only from two occur­
rences on San Gorgonio Mtn. and in the
South Fork Santa Ana River area. See Pitto­
nia 3 :290 ( 1 898) for original description.
Antennaria pulchella Greene
" beautifu I pussy-toes" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -2
Alpine, El Dorado, Fresno, I nyo, Mono,
Tulare, Tuolum ne; Nevada
Alpine bou lder and rock field (stream
margi ns), meadows and seeps; elevation
2800-3700 meters.
Perennial herb (stoloniferous), blooms
J u ne-September.
See Leaflets ofBotanical Observation and Crit­
icism 2: 1 49 ( 1 9 1 1 ) for original descrip­
tion, and Madrofio 37(3 ) : 1 71 -1 83 ( 1 990)
for taxonomic treatment.
Antennaria racemosa
Considered but rejected: too com mon
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Antennaria suffrutescens Greene
"evergreen everlasting" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Del Norte, Hu mboldt; Oregon
Lower montane coniferous forest ( ser­
pentin ite ); elevation 500-1 600 meters.
Perennial herb (stoloniferous), blooms
Jan uary-J u ly.
See Pittonia 3:277 ( 1 898) for original
descri ption.
Antirrhinum cornutum
Considered but rejected : too common
Antirrhinum cyathiferum Ben th .
" Deep Canyon snapdragon"
Scrophulariaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Riverside; Arizona, Baja California, Sono­
ra (Mexico)
65A, 65B
Sonoran desert scrub ( rocky); elevation
0-800 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms February-Apri l.
Known in California only from the Deep
Cyn. area.
Antirrhinum filipes
Considered but rejected : too com mon
Antirrhinum ovatum Eastw.
"oval-leaved snapdragon" Scrophu lariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Kern, Monterey, Santa Barbara, San Ben­
ito, San Lu is Obispo, Ventura
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, piny­
on and j u n i per woodland , valley and
foothi l l grassland / clay or gypsu m , often
alkaline; elevation 200-1 000 meters.
Annual h erb, blooms May-November.
Appears only in favorable years. Threat­
ened by grazing and vehicles. See Bulletin
ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 32:2 1 3 ( 1 905)
for original descri ption.
Antirrhinum subcordatum Gray
"di morphic snapdragon" Scrophulariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Colusa, Glenn, Lake, Tehama
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest / sometimes serpentinite; elevation
1 85-800 meters.
Annual h erb, blooms Apri l-J u ly.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Arts and Sciences 20:306 ( 1 884) for origi­
nal description.
71
Antirrhinum virga Gray
"tall snapdragon" Scrophu lariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Lake, Mendocino, Napa, Sonoma
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest / rocky, openi ngs, often serpenti­
nite; elevation 1 00-201 5 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms June-Ju ly.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Arts and Sciences 7:3 73 ( 1 868) for original
descri ption, and Systematic Botany Mono­
graphs 22:53-57 ( 1 988) for taxonomic
treatment.
Aphanisma blitoides M o q .
"aphanisma" Chenopodiaceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-2
Anacapa Island, Los Angeles, Orange,
Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara Island,
San Clemente Island, Santa Catalina
Island, Santa Cruz Island, San Diego, San
Nicolas Island, Santa Rosa Island, Ventu­
ra; Baja Californ ia, Guadalupe Island
(Mexico)
1 1 B, 22B, 7 1 B, 71 D, 73A, 90C*, 1 41 D,
1 96B, 1 96D, ANAC, SBRA, 5CMC,
SCMN, SCMS, SCTE, SCTW, SCZA,
SNIC, SROS
Coastal bl uff scrub, coastal dunes,
coastal scrub / sandy; elevation 1 -305
meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-Ju ne.
In steep decline on main land, and also
decl i n i ng on islands. Known from only
four occu rrences on San N icolas Island,
and one each on Santa Catal ina and
Santa Cruz islands. Last seen on Santa
Rosa Island in 1 932; only seen once on
Anacapa Island (in 1 992). Threatened by
u rbanization, recreational development,
and foot traffic, and by feral herbivores
on Santa Catalina, Santa Cruz, and
Santa Rosa islands.
Arabis aculeolata Greene
"Waldo rock cress" Brassicaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon
. 720B, 736B, 736D, 738B, 738D, 739A,
739B
Broadleaved upland forest, lower mon­
tane coniferous forest, upper montane
coniferous forest / serpentinite; elevation
41 0-1 800 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Known i n Californ ia from fewer than ten
occurrences. Threatened by logging and
m i n i ng. On watch l ist i n Oregon . See
Rhodora 43( 5 1 1 ):352-353 ( 1 941 ) for tax­
onomic treatment, and Contributions from
the Gray Herbarium 204: 1 5 1 ( 1 973) for
taxonomic information.
72 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Arabis blepharophylla H . & A.

"coast rock cress" Brassicaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Contra Costa, Monterey, Mari n, Santa
Cruz, San Francisco, San Mateo, Sonoma
Broadleaved upland forest, coastal bluff
scrub, coastal prarie, coastal scru b;
elevation 3-1 1 00 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms February-May.
See Rhodora 43( 5 1 1 ):348-349 ( 1 941 ) for
taxonomic treatment, and Contributions
from the Gray Herbarium 204: 1 49-1 54
( 1 973) for taxonomic i nformation.

Arabis bodiensis Rol l .

" Bod ie H i l l s rock cress" Brassicaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2 - 1 -2
Fresno, I nyo, Mono, Tu lare; Nevada
330A, 3 9 1 C, 393C, 470A, 470B, 487A,
487B, 487C, 488A
Alpi ne bou lder and rock field, Great
Basin scrub, pi nyon and jun iper wood­
land, subal pine coniferous forest?;
elevation 2 1 95-3530 meters.
Peren nial herb, blooms June-August.
On watch l ist in Nevada. See Contributions
from the Gray Herbarium 2 1 2 : 1 1 3 ( 1 982)
for original description.

Arabis breweri var. austinae

Considered but rejected : too common

Arabis breweri Wats. var.

pecuniaria Rol l .
"San Bernard ino rock cress" Brassicaceae
. List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
. San Bernard ino
1 05D
Subalpine coniferous forest ( rocky);
.' -:�<'.' ' ..., � . '
•, .
elevation 2700-3200 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms March-August.
Known from only two occurrences in the
San Gorgonio WA. See Rhodora 43(51 1 ) :
409 ( 1 941 ) for taxonomic treatment.

Arabis cobrensis Jones

" Masonic rock cress" Brassicaceae
Antirrhinum ovatum List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Mono, Modoc; Nevada, Oregon, and
elsewhere
451 C, 470A, 470B, 470D, 486C, 487C,
690C
Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and j u n i per
woodland / sandy; elevation 1 3 75-2800
meters.
Peren nial herb, blooms J u ne-J uly.
See Rhodora 43( 5 1 1 ) :455-457 ( 1 941 ) for
taxonomic treatment.

Arabis constancei Rol l .
"Constance's rock cress" Brassicaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
Plumas, Sierra
573B, 589A, 589B, 589C, 590A, 590B,
605B, 606A, 606C
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest, upper montane coniferous forest /
serpentinite, rocky; elevation 975-2025
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J uly.
Threatened by road widening, logging,
mining, and urbanization. See Contribu­
tions from the Gray Herbarium 201 :4-6
( 1 971 ) for original description.
Arabis d ispar J ones
"pi nyon rock cress" Brassicaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1-1
I nyo, Mono, San Bernardi no, Tulare;
Nevada
1 03D, 1 3 1 D, 283B, 283C, 302A, 302C,
302D, 304A, 304B, 372A, 41 2C, 432B,
433C
Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean
desert scrub, pinyon and jun iper wood­
land / granitic, gravel ly; elevation
1 200-2400 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-June.
Rare i n San Bernardino County. See Con­
tributions to Western Botany 8:41 ( 1 898) for
original description.
Arabis fernaldiana Rol l . var. stylosa
(Wats. ) Rol l .
"stylose rock cress" Brassicaceae
List 3 / RED ?-1 - 1
Mono; Nevada
431 D, 433B, 450D
Great Basin scrub (carbonate, rocky);
elevation 2300-3080 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-J uly.
Move to List 2? Known in California only
from three occurrences; are these this
taxon ? Needs research. See Rhodora
43( 5 1 1 ) :430-432 ( 1 941 ) for taxonomic
treatment.
Arabis hirshbergiae S . D. Boyd
" H i rshberg's rock cress" Brassicaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
San Diego
20A, 33D
Pebble ( pavement} plain; elevation
1 400-1 400 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-May.
C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Known only from two occurrences near
Cuyamaca Lake. Threatened by grazing.
Not in TheJepson Manual. See Aliso 1 7: 203
( 1 998) for original description.
Arabis hoffmannii ( M u nz) Rol l .
" Hoffman n ' s rock cress" Brassicaceae
List 1 B I RED 3-3-3
Federal Endangered
Anacapa Island *, Santa Cruz Island,
Santa Rosa Island
ANAC*, SCZB, SCZC, SRON
Coastal bluff scrub, chaparral, coastal
scrub / rocky, volcanic; elevation 60-395
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms February-April .
Rediscovered i ndependently i n 1 985 by T.
H esseldenz and S. J u nak on Santa Cruz
Island; now known from only four small
occurrences. Feral herbivore populations
reduced, but stil l threatened by feral pigs;
also possibly threatened by erosion. Rein­
trod uction work on Santa Cruz Island
ongoing as of 1 996. Recent su rveys on
Anacapa Island have been u nsuccessfu l .
See Rhodora 43( 5 1 1 ) :407 ( 1 941 ) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Arabis johnstonii M u nz
"Joh nston's rock cress" Brassicaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Riverside
66A, 66B, 66C, 66D
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest / often on eroded clay; elevation
1 350-2 1 50 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms February-J u ne.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences
in the southern San Jacinto Mtns. Threat­
ened by recreational and residential
development i n Garner Val ley and fuel­
break mai ntenance on Desert Divide, and
possibly by cattle trampling. See Bulletin
ofthe Southern California Academy ofSciences
3 1 : 62-63 ( 1 932) for original descri ption,
and Rhodora 43(5 1 1 ):467-468 ( 1 941 ) for
taxonomic treatment.
Arabis koehleri Howe l l var.
stipitata Ro 1 1 .
" Koehler's stipitate rock cress" Brassicaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1 -2
Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon
722A, 736B, 737A, 738B, 738D, 739B,
739C, 739D, 740D
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest / serpentin ite, rocky; elevation
1 55-1 660 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-Ju ly.
73
On watch l ist in Oregon . See Rhodora
43( 5 1 1 ) :426 ( 1 94 1 ) for taxonomic
treatment.
Arabis l ignifera
Considered but rejected : unable to verify
the two reported Cal ifornia locations i n
I nyo a n d Mono counties
Arabis macdonaldiana Eastw.
" McDonald's rock cress" Brassicaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-3-2
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Del Norte, Mendocino, Siskiyou, Trin ity;
Oregon
600B, 686B, 738A, 738B, 738C, 738D,
739B, 739C, 740A
Lower montane coniferous forest, North
Coast coniferous forest, upper montane
coniferous forest / serpenti nite; elevation
1 3 5-1 800 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Threatened by mining. Endangered i n
Oregon, where plant needs taxonomic
study. Protected in part at Red Mtn.
ACEC ( BLM ), Mendocino County.
I ncl udes A. serpentinicola. See Rhodora
43( 5 1 1 ):350 ( 1 941 ) for taxonomic treat­
ment, and Contributions from the Gray
Herbarium 204: 1 49-1 54 ( 1 973) for taxo­
nomic information.
Arabis microphylla Nutt. var.
microphylla
"small-leaved rock cress" Brassicaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
Mono, Modoc, Plumas; Nevada, Oregon ,
Wash ington, a n d elsewhere
Pinyon and jun iper wood land (volcanic
or granitic, rocky); elevation 1 700-2700
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J uly.
See Rhodora 43( 5 1 1 ) :426-428 ( 1 941 ) for
taxonomic treatment.
Arabis modesta Rol l .
"modest rock cress" Brassicaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Napa, Siskiyou, Trin ity; Oregon
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest; elevation 1 20-800 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-J u ly.
l ntergrades with A. oregana in Siskiyou
Cou nty; may be a variety of that plant.
Endangered in Oregon . See Rhodora
43( 5 1 1 ) :350-352 ( 1 941 ) for taxonomic
treatment, and Contributions from the Gray
Herbarium 204: 1 49-1 54 ( 1 973 ) for taxo­
nomic information .
74 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Arabis oregana Ro l l .
"Oregon rock cress" Brassicaceae
List 4 I RED 1 - 1 - 1
Lake, Modoc, Napa, Siskiyou, Tri n ity;
Oregon
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest / serpentinite; elevation 600-1 830
meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May.
Many collections in Klamath region.
Exact taxonomic status of Napa County
occurrence needs to be determi ned . See
Rhodora 43( 5 1 1 ):349-350 ( 1 941 ) for tax­
onomic treatment, and Contributions from
the Gray Herbarium 204: 1 49-1 54 ( 1 973)
for taxonomic information.
Arabis parishii Wats.
" Parish's rock cress" Brassicaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
San Bernard ino
1 04B, 1 05A, 1 05B, 1 26 0, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 0,
1 320
Pebble (pavement) plain, pinyon and
j u n iper woodland, upper montane conif­
erous forest / rocky, quartzite on clay, or
sometimes carbonate; elevation
1 770-2900 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-May.
Known only from the San Bernard i no
Mtns. Threatened by vehicles, carbonate
m i ni ng, development, grazi ng, and road
construction. See Rhodora 43( 5 1 1 ):468-
469 ( 1 941 ) for taxonomic treatment.
Arabis pinzlae Ro l l .
" Pi nzl's rock cress" Brassicaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-2
Mono; Nevada
435A, 4500
Alpine boulder and rock field, subalpine
coni ferous forest (scree or sandy);
elevation 3000-3350 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms Ju ly.
Known in Cal ifornia from only two
occu rrences. On watch list i n Nevada.
See Contributions from the Gray Herbarium
2 1 2 : 1 1 0 ( 1 982) for original descri ption,
and Madrano 3 7 ( 1 ) : 64 ( 1 990) for first
California record .
Arabis pulchra j o n es var.
m unciensis J o nes
"Darwi n rock cress" Brassicaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
I nyo, San Bernardino; Nevada, and else­
where
1 040, 327, 349B, 349C, 370A, 370B,
3 72A, 390C, 41 2 0
Chenopod scrub, Mojavean desert scrub /
carbonate; elevation 1 1 00-2075 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms Apri l .
Need precise local ity i nformation for
q uad 327. See Rhodora 43 ( 5 1 1 ):459-460
( 1 941 ) for taxonomic treatment.
Arabis pygmaea Rol l .
"Tu l are Cou nty rock cress" Brassicaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
I nyo, Tu lare
Meadows and seeps (edges), subalpine
coniferous forest / volcanic or granitic,
gravelly or sandy; elevation 23 1 5-3400
meters.
Perennial herb, bloomsJune-J uly.
See Rhodora 43( 5 1 1 ):476 ( 1 941 ) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Arabis repanda Wats. var. greenei
jeps.
"Greene's rock cress" Brassicaceae
List 4 / RED 2-1 -3
I nyo, Madera, Mono, Tu lare
Subalpine coniferous forest, upper mon­
tane coniferous forest / granitic, tal us,
rocky or sandy; elevation 2345-3600
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
See Flora ofCalifornia 2(2):63 ( 1 936) by
W.L. Jepson for original description.
Arabis rigidissima Ro l l . var.
demota Ro l l .
"Carson Range rock cress" Brassicaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-2
Placer; Nevada
5540
Broad leaved u pland forest, upper mon­
tane coniferous forest / rocky; elevation
2255-2560 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms August.
Known in Cal iforn ia from only two occur­
rences near Martis Pk., and in Nevada
from eleven occurrences in the Carson
Range. Threatened by logging. On watch
l ist in Nevada. Not in TheJepson Manual.
Seejournal ofthe Arnold Arboretum 64:498
( 1 983) for original descri ption.
Arabis rigidissima Rol l . var.
rigidissima
"Trin ity Mou ntains rock cress" Brassicaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
H u m boldt, Siskiyou, Tri nity
Upper montane coniferous forest (gravel­
ly or rocky); elevation 1 600-2200 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
See Rhodora 43( 5 1 1 ) : 380-38 1 ( 1 941 ) for
original descri ption.
Arabis serpentinicola
Considered but rejected : a synonym of A.
macdonaldiana; a rare taxon
Arabis shockleyi M u nz
"Shockley's rock cress" Brassicaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Inyo, San Bernardi no; Nevada, and else­
where
1 04B, 1 30C, 1 3 1 B, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 0, 1 32 0,
326A, 3900, 41 OC
Pinyon and j u n iper wood land (carbonate
or quartzite, rocky or gravel ly); elevation
875-2205 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ne.
See Bulletin ofthe Southern California Acade­
my ofSciences 3 1 (2 ):61 ( 1 932) for original
descri ption, and Rhodora 43( 5 1 1 ) :457
( 1 941 ) for taxonomic treatment.
Arabis suffrutescens var.
horizontalis
Considered but rejected : a synonym ofA.
suffrutescens; a common taxon
Arabis tiehmii Ro l l .
"Tiehm's rock cress" Brassicaceae
List 1 B / RED 3 - 1 -2
Mono; Nevada
453B, 454A, 471 D
Alpi ne boulder and rock field (granitic);
elevation 2970-3590 meters.
Peren nial h erb, blooms J u ly-August.
Known in California from ten occur­
rences near Tioga Crest. On watch list i n
Nevada, where known from two occur­
rences. See journal ofthe Arnold Arboretum
64:496 ( 1 983) for original descri ption.
Arctomecon merriami i Cov.
"wh ite bear poppy" Papaveraceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
I nyo, San Bernard i no; Nevada
227B, 248B, 248C, 249A, 249D, 275D,
323B, 323C, 325D, 346B, 349A, 3 68C,
368D, 369B, 370A, 370B, 370D, 389C
Chenopod scrub, Mojavean desert scrub /
rocky; elevation 490-1 585 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-May.
I
 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 75

Historical occurrences need field surveys;
new occurrences found recently. Threat­
ened by mini ng and vehicles. On watch
l ist in Nevada. See Proceedings ofthe Biolog­
ical Society ofWashington 7:65-80 ( 1 892)
for original description, Mentzelia 3 : 2-5
( 1 977) for species account, Rhodora
95:209-2 1 2 ( 1 993) for taxonomic treat­
ment, and Madroiio 44(2) : 1 5 1 -1 69
( 1 997) for ecological information.
Arctostaphylos acutifolia
Considered but rejected: a synonym of A.
patula; a common taxon
Arctostaphylos andersonii Gray
"Santa Cruz manzanita" Ericaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, San Mateo
406C, 407D, 408B, 408C, 408D, 428A,
429A, 429D, 448C, 448D
Broadleaved u pland forest, chaparral,
North Coast coniferous forest I open­
i ngs, edges; elevation 60-700 meters.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms
November-Apri l .
Known from fewer than fifteen occur­
rences in the Santa Cruz Mtns. Confused
with other species merged with it as vari­
eties. Threatened by development. See
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
and Sciences 1 1 :83 ( 1 876) for original
description, and North American Flora
29:98 ( 1 9 1 4) for additional i nformation.
Arctostaphylos auriculata Eastw.
" Mt. Diablo manzanita" Ericaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1 -3
Contra Costa
464A, 464B, 464C, 464D
Chaparral (sandstone); elevation
1 35-650 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
January-March.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical
Club 32 :202 ( 1 905) for original descrip­
tion, and American Midland Naturalist
23:622 ( 1 940) for taxonomic treatment.
Arctostaphylos bakeri Eastw. ssp.
bakeri
" Baker's manzanita" Ericaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Rare
Sonoma
500C, 502B, 503A, 5 1 8A
Broadleaved u pland forest, chaparral /
often serpentinite; elevation 75-300
meters.
Shrub (evergreen ) , blooms
February-Apri l .
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
Threatened by road construction and
widening, non-native plants, and dump­
i ng, and potentially by development. See
Leaflets ofWestern Botany 1 : 1 1 5 ( 1 934) for
original descri ption.
Arctostaphylos bakeri Eastw. ssp.
sublaevis Wells
"The Cedars m anzanita" Ericaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Sonoma
5 1 8C, 5 1 9A, 5 1 9B, 5 1 9C, 5 1 9 D
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral /
serpentinite seeps; elevation 300-760
meters.
Shrub (evergreen ) , blooms
February-May.
See Four Seasons 8(2):63 ( 1 988) for origi­
nal description.
Arctostaphylos canescens ssp.
malloryi
See Arctostaphylos malloryi
Arctostaphylos canescens Eastw.
ssp. sonomensis ( Eastw. ) Wel ls
"Sonoma manzanita" Ericaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Humboldt, Lake, Mendocino, Sonoma,
Tehama
500C, 501 B, 550A, 5500, 5650, 581 B,
581 C, 582D, 597C, 597D, 600B, 670C,
6700
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest / sometimes serpentinite; elevation
1 80- 1 675 meters.
Shru b (evergreen), blooms January-Apri l .
Threatened by development. See Leaflets
of Western Botany 1 : 78 ( 1 933) for original
description, Four Seasons 7(3 ):42-46
( 1 985) for status update, and Madrano
35(4):330-341 ( 1 988) for revised
nomenclature.
Arctostaphylos catalinae Wel ls
"Santa Catal ina Island manzanita"
Ericaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Santa Catal ina Island
SCTE, SCTN, SCTS
Chaparral (volcanic); elevation 75-600
meters.
Shrub (evergreen ) , blooms
February-May.
Recoveri ng after removal offeral goats.
See Madroiio 1 9(6): 1 93 ( 1 968) for origi­
nal description.
Arctostaphylos cinerea
Considered but rejected: a hybrid
between A. canescens and A. viscida
Arctostaphylos confertiflora
Eastw.
"Santa Rosa Island manzanita" Ericaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Federal Endangered
Santa Rosa Island
SROE, SRON, SROS
Broadleaved upland forest, closed-cone
coniferous forest, chaparral / sandstone;
elevation 60-SOO meters.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms
February-Apri l .
Fewer than 400 plants were estimated to
occur as of 1 996. Threatened by cattle
grazing and feral herbivores. See Leaflets of
Western Botany 1 : 1 22 ( 1 934) for original
description.
Arctostaphylos cruzensis Roof
"Arroyo de la Cruz manzan ita" Ericaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Monterey, San Luis Obispo
247D, 271 B, 271 D, 272A, 296B
Broad leaved u pland forest, coastal bluff
scrub, closed-cone coniferous forest,
chaparral, coastal scrub, valley and
foothill grassland / sandy; elevation
60-3 1 0 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ) , blooms
December-March.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. See Leaflets of Western Botany 9:2 1 8
( 1 962) for original description .
Arctostaphylos densiflora M.S.
Baker
"Vi ne H i l l manzanita" Ericaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered
Sonoma
502A
Chaparral (acid marine sand); elevation
50-1 20 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
February-Apri l.
Known from only one occurrence on the
Sonoma Barren near Forestvi lle. Threat­
ened by fungal infection . See Leaflets of
Western Botany 1 (4):31 ( 1 932 ) for original
description.
76 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Arctostaphylos edm undsii J .T.
Howe l l
"Little Sur manzan ita" Ericaceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-3
Monterey
320E, 344B, 344C, 344D
Coastal bluff scrub, chaparral / sandy;
elevation 30-1 05 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
November-April .
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
Threatened by foot traffic and non-native
plants. I ncludes A. edmundsii var. parvifolia,
which is state-listed Rare. See Leaflets of
Western Botany 6(1 0 ) :202 ( 1 952) for orig­
i nal description and 9 ( 1 2 ): 1 88-1 96
( 1 96 1 ) for i nformation.
Arctostaphylos edm undsii var.
edmu ndsii
See Arctostaphylos edmundsii
Arctostaphylos edmundsii var.
parvifolia
See Arctostaphylos edmundsii
Arctostaphylos elegans
Considered but rejected : a synonym of A.
manzanita ssp. elegans; a common taxon
Arctostaphylos franciscana
See Arctostaphylos hookeri ssp. franciscana
Arctostaphylos gabrielensis Wells
"San Gabriel manzan ita" Ericaceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-3
Los Angeles
1 3 6A
Chaparral (rocky); elevation 1 500 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms March.
Known only from Mill Creek Summit
d ivide in the San Gabriel Mtns. See Four
Seasons 9(2):46 ( 1 992) for original
descri ption.
Arctostaphylos glandulosa ssp.
adamsii
Considered but rejected : too common
Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw.
ssp. crassifolia U eps. ) Wel ls
" Del Mar manzan ita" Ericaceae
List 18 / RED 3-3-2
Federal Endangered
San Diego; Baja California
22A, 22B, 35B, 35C, 36A, 36D
Chaparral ( maritime, sandy); elevation
0-3 65 meters.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms
December-Apri l .
Threatened b y urban ization, agricultural
conversion, and fuel mod i fication . Cal i­
fornia popu lations have declined great­
ly. See Madrano 1 (4):86 ( 1 922) for
original description, Madrano 1 9: 205
( 1 968) for revised nomenclature, and
Four Seasons 7(4): 5-27 ( 1 987) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Arctostaphylos glandulosa ssp.
glaucomollis
Considered but rejected: too common
Arctostaphylos glandulosa ssp.
mollis
Considered but rejected: too common
Arctostaphylos glandulosa ssp.
zacaens1s
Considered but rejected: too common
Arctostaphylos glutinosa Schrei b.
"Schrei ber's manzanita" Ericaceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-3
Santa Cruz
408B, 408C, 409D
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral /
diatomaceous shale; elevation 1 70-685
meters.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms
November-Apri l .
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
Threatened by road construction. See
American Midland Naturalist 2 3 : 61 7 ( 1 940)
for original descri ption.
Arctostaphylos hearstiorum
See Arctostaphylos hookeri ssp. hearstiorum
Arctostaphylos hispidula Howell
" H owell's manzan ita" Ericaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
Del Norte, Humboldt, Sonoma; Oregon
Chaparral (serpentinite or sandstone);
elevation 1 20- 1 250 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms March-Apri l.
Threatened by mining. Endangered in
Oregon . See A Flora ofNorthwest America,
p. 41 5 ( 1 903) by T.J . Howell for original
description.
Arctostaphylos hookeri D. Don
ssp. franciscana ( Eastw. ) M u nz
" Franciscan manzan ita" Ericaceae
List 1A
San Francisco*
448B*, 466C*
Coastal scrub (serpentin ite); elevation
60-300 meters.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms
February-April .
Last seen i n 1 942. Plant now occurs only
i n cultivation. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey
Botanical Club 32:201 ( 1 905) for original
descri ption, and Aliso 4( 1 ):95 ( 1 958) for
revised nomenclature.
Arctostaphylos hookeri D. Don
ssp. hearstiorum ( H oov. & Roof)
Wells
" Hearst's manzan ita" Ericaceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-3
State Endangered
San Luis Obispo
271 B, 272A
Chaparral (maritime), coastal prarie,
coastal scrub, valley and foothi l l grass­
land / sandy; elevation 55-200 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
February-Apri I .
Known from fewer than five occu rrences
in the Arroyo de la Cruz area. Threatened
by grazing and rangeland conversion. See
Four Seasons 2( 1 ) : 2 ( 1 966) for original
descri ption, and Madrano 1 9 :200 ( 1 968)
for revised nomenclature.
Arctostaphylos hookeri D. Don
ssp. hookeri
" Hooker's manzan ita" Ericaceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Monterey, Santa Cruz
344B, 365B, 365C, 366A, 3 66C, 366D,
387A
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
cismontane woodland, coastal scrub /
sandy; elevation 85-300 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
February-J u ne.
Threatened by agriculture, development,
fire suppression, and competition with
i ntroduced Eucalyptus.
Arctostaphylos hookeri D. Don
ssp. montana ( Eastw. ) Wells
" Mt. Tamalpais manzan ita" Ericaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-3
Mari n
467A, 467B
 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 77

Chaparral, valley and foothill grassland / Known from five occurrences on San Shrub (evergreen), blooms April-J uly.
serpentinite; elevation 1 60-760 meters. Bruno Mtn. Threatened by fu ngal infec­ To be expected in Glenn and Tehama
Shrub (evergreen), blooms tion, and possibly by alteration of fire counties. See Four Seasons 6(4):23 ( 1 983)
February-Apri l . regi mes. All occurrences are with in the for original description and 9(2): 54-59
boundaries of the San Bru no Mtn. HCP. ( 1 992) for revised nomenclature.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­ See Proceedings ofthe California Academy of
rences in the Mt. Tamalpais area. See Pro­ Sciences IV 20: 1 49 ( 1 93 1 ) for original
ceedings ofthe California Academy ofSciences description. Arctostaphylos manzanita Parry
1 :83 ( 1 897) for original descri ption, and ssp. elegans U eps.) Wells
Madrano 1 9(6):200 ( 1 968) for revised
nomenclature. Arctostaphylos insularis " Konocti manzanita" Ericaceae
Considered but rejected : too common List 1 8 I RED 2-1-3
Arctostaphylos hookeri D. Don Colusa, Glenn, Lake, Mendocino, Napa,
Arctostaphylos intricata var. Sonoma
ssp. ravenii Wel l s
intricata 5 1 7A, 5 1 7B, 533B, 534A, 534B, 534D,
" Presidio manzanita" Ericaceae 565A, 565D, 580C, 656A, 656D
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 Considered but rejected : too common; a
synonym of A. glandulosa ssp. glandulosa Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
State Endangered/Federal montane coniferous forest / volcanic;
Endangered elevation 395- 1 6 1 5 meters.
San Francisco Arctostaphylos intricata var.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms March-May.
448 B*, 466C oblongifolia
Rare in Napa County. See Erythea 1 : 1 5
Considered but rejected : too common; a
Chaparral, coastal prarie, coastal scrub / ( 1 893) for original description, Madrano
synonym of A. glandulosa ssp. glandulosa
serpentin ite outcrop; elevation 45-2 1 5 1 9(6):201 ( 1 968) for revised nomencla­
meters. ture, and Americanjournal ofBotany 27(3 ):
Shrub (evergreen), blooms Arctostaphylos klamathensis 1 86-1 90 for taxonomic discussion.
February-March. Edwards, Keeler-Wolf & Kn ight
Known from only one extant native " Klamath manzanita" Ericaceae Arctostaphylos manzanita ssp.
occurrence at the Presidio in San Francis­ List 1 B / RED 3-2-3 glaucescens
co; plants there belong to a si ngle clone. Shasta, Siskiyou, Tri nity Considered but rejected : too common
Five of six historical occu rrences extirpat­
ed by u rban ization; currently threatened 682B, 682C, 683A, 683D, 700C, 700D
by non-native plants, and possibly by Chaparral ( montane), lower montane Arctostaphylos manzanita Parry
foot traffic and vandalism. USFWS uses coniferous forest, subal pine coniferous ssp. laevigata ( Eastw. ) M u nz
the name A. pungens var. ravenii. See forest, upper montane coniferous forest /
"Contra Costa manzan ita" Ericaceae
Madrano 1 9(6): 200 ( 1 968) for original rocky, serpentinite or gabbro; elevation
List 1 B I RED 3-2-3
descri ption. 1 570-2000 meters.
Contra Costa
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms May-J u ly.
Arctostaphylos hooveri Wells 464A, 464B, 464C
Possi bly th reatened by road mai nte­
nance. See Four Seasons 6(4):20 ( 1 983) Chaparral (rocky); elevation 500- 1 1 00
" H oover's manzanita" Ericaceae meters.
for original descri ption.
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Shrub (evergreen), blooms
Monterey, San Luis Obispo January-February.
Arctostaphylos luciana Wells
Broadleaved upland forest, chaparral See Leaflets of Western Botany 1 : 7 6 ( 1 933)
( rocky), cismontane woodland, lower "Santa Lucia manzanita" Ericaceae for original description, and Aliso 4( 1 ):95
montane con iferous forest; elevation List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 ( 1 954) for revised nomenclature.
480- 1 0 1 0 meters. San Lu is Obispo
Shrub (evergreen), blooms 2 2 1 A, 246B, 246C, 246D, 270C
February-J u ne. Arctostaphylos manzanita ssp.
Chaparral, cismontane woodland / roofii
See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 9 : 1 52 ( 1 961 ) shale; elevation 350-850 meters.
for original description. Considered but rejected: too common
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
February-March.
Arctostaphylos imbricata Eastw. Arctostaphylos mendocinoensis
See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 1 0: 1 77
Wells
"San Bru no Mountain manzan ita" ( 1 965) for original descri ption.
Ericaceae "pygmy manzanita" Ericaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Arctostaphylos malloryi ( Kn ight &
State Endangered Ganki n ) Wells Mendocino
San Mateo 5690
"Mallory's manzanita" Ericaceae
448B List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Closed-cone coniferous forest (acidic
sandy clay); elevation 90-200 meters.
Chaparral, coastal scru b / rocky; Colusa, Shasta, Trin ity
elevation 275-365 meters. Shrub (evergreen ), blooms January.
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
Shrub (evergreen), blooms forest / volcanic; elevation 800-1 200 Known only from one occurrence on the
February-May. meters. Mendocino Plains. See Four Seasons
8(3 ):30 ( 1 989) for original description.
78 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Arctostaphylos m ewukka Merriam
ssp. truei ( Kn ight) Wells
"True's manzanita" Ericaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Butte, Nevada, Placer, Plumas, Yuba
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest; elevation 425- 1 3 1 0 meters.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms February-May.
l ntergrades with ssp. mewukka in Nevada
and Placer counties. See Four Seasons
3 ( 1 ): 1 9 ( 1 969) for original descri ption,
and Four Seasons 9(2):60-63 ( 1 992) for
revised nomenclature.
Arctostaphylos montana
See Arctostaphylos hookeri ssp. montana
Arctostaphylos montaraensis Roof
"Montara manzanita" Ericaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
San Mateo
448B, 448C
Chaparral ( mariti me), coastal scrub;
elevation 1 50-500 meters.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms January-March.
Arctostaphylos
morroensis
Known from approximately ten occur­
rences. Threatened by development and
vehicles. See Four Seasons 2(3):8 ( 1 967)
for original descri ption.
Arctostaphylos montereyensis
Hoov.
"Monterey manzan ita" Ericaceae
Llst 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Monterey
343A, 36SB, 36SC, 366A, 366D
Chaparral ( maritime), cismontane wood­
land, coastal scru b / sandy; elevation
30-730 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
February-March.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
Threatened by development. See Leaflets
of Western Botany 1 0:88 ( 1 964) for origi­
nal description.
Arctostaphylos morroensis Wies. & ton 31 : 1 02 ( 1 9 1 8) for original description,
Schreib.
"Morro manzanita" Ericaceae
Llst 1 B / RED 2-3-3
Federal Threatened
San Luis Obispo
246C, 247D
Chaparral ( mariti me), cismontane wood­
land, coastal d u nes (pre-Flandrian),
coastal scru b / sandy loam; elevation
5-205 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
December-March.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences in the Morro Bay area; estimated
to cover less than 350 acres as of 1 996.
Threatened by urban ization and alter­
ation of fire regimes, and possi bly by
non-native plants. Regional plan ning
effort ongoing, but appears inaequate as
of2000. See Madrano 5(1 ):42 ( 1 939) for
original descri ption.
Arctostaphylos myrtifolia Parry
" lone manzanita" Ericaceae
Llst 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Federal Threatened
Amador, Calaveras
476A, 476 B, 477A, 477B, 493C, 494B,
494C, 494D, 495A
Chaparral, cismontane woodland /
acidic, lone soil, clay or sandy; elevation
60-580 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
November-February.
Threatened by m i n i ng, development, and
fu ngal infection. Protected i n part at lone
Manzanita ACEC ( BLM ) and Apricum
Hill ER ( DFG), both in Amador County.
See Pittonia 1 :34 ( 1 887) for original
descri ption, Ecology 45(4): 792-808
( 1 964) for ecological d iscussion, and
Changing Seasons 1 ( 4 ): 4-1 9 ( 1 982) for
species account.
Arctostaphylos nissenana Merriam
" Nissenan manzan ita" Ericaceae
Llst 1 B / RED 3-2-3
El Dorado, Tuolumne
458B, 509B, 5 1 0A, 52SC, 526A, 526D
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral /
rocky; elevation 450-1 1 00 meters.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms
February-March.
Known from approximately ten occur­
rences. Threatened by development. See
Proceedings ofthe Biological Society ofWashing­
Four Seasons 1 (4):7-1 5 ( 1 966) for species
account, and Four Seasons 6( 4): 1 2-1 6
( 1 983) for range extension information.
Arctostaphylos nortensis Wells
" Del Norte manzanita" Ericaceae
Llst 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Del Norte; Oregon ?
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest / often serpenti nite; elevation
500-800 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms February.
Plant may occur i n adjacent Oregon. See
Four Seasons 8(1 ) : SO (1 988) for original
description and 9(2):54-59 ( 1 992) for
revised nomenclature.
Arctostaphylos obispoensis Eastw.
" Bishop manzanita" Ericaceae
Llst 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Monterey, San Lu is Obispo
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
cismontane woodland / serpenti nite,
rocky; elevation 1 50-980 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
February-J u ne.
See Leaflets of Western Botany 2:8 ( 1 937)
for original description.
Arctostaphylos osoensis Wells
"Oso manzanita" Ericaceae
Llst 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
San Luis Obispo
2470

Chaparral, cismontane woodland /
dacite porphyry buttes; elevation
300-500 meters.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms
February-March.
Known only from two occurrences in the
mountains north of Los Osos Valley.
Threatened by u rbanization. See Four
Seasons 9 ( 2 ) :45 ( 1 992) for original
descriptio n .
Arctostaphylos otayensis Wies. & Arctostaphylos pilosulaj eps.
Schreib.
"Otay manzanita" Ericaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
San Diego
1 0A, 1 0B, 1 0 D, 20D, 33D, 48D
Chaparral, cismontane wood land /
metavolcan ic; elevation 275-1 700
meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
January-March.
Historical occu rrences need field surveys.
See Madroiio 5 ( 1 ):43 ( 1 939) for original
description .
Arctostaphylos pacifica
Considered but rejected: a hybrid
between A. glandulosa and A. uva-ursi
Arctostaphylos pajaroensis Adams
" Pajaro manzan ita" Ericaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
Monterey, Santa Cruz*
366D, 386B, 386C, 386D, 387A, 408C*
Chaparral (sandy); elevation 30-760
meters.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms
December-March.
Threatened by development. Seejournal of
the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 56:41
( 1 940) for original description.
Arctostaphylos pallida Eastw.
"pallid manzanita" Ericaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Threatened
Alameda, Contra Costa
465C, 466A
Broadleaved u pland forest, closed-cone
coniferous forest, chaparral, cismontane
woodland, coastal scrub / sil iceous shale,
sandy or gravelly; elevation 1 85-465
meters.
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
December-March.
Known from thirteen occurrences in the
Contra Costa H i l ls of the Diablo Range.
Threatened by alteration of fire regimes,
non-native plants, and road construc­
tion, and possibly by development, fu n­
gal infection, and hybridization. Plants
from 465B are introduced. See Leaflets of
Western Botany 1 :76 ( 1 933) for origi nal
descri ption, and Four Seasons 7(4):28-46
( 1 987) for ecological assessment.
Arctostaphylos parryana ssp.
parryana
Considered but rejected: too common
Arctostaphylos parryana Lem m o n
ssp. tumescens Keeley, Boyki n , &
Massi h i
" i nterior manzan ita" Ericaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Los Angeles, San Bernardino
Chaparral ( montane), cismontane wood­
land; elevation 2 1 00-231 0 meters.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms
February-Apri l .
Not i n TheJepson Manual. See Madroiio
44(3): 264 ( 1 997) for original description.
Arctostaphylos parvifolia
Considered but rejected : a hybrid
between A. glandulosa and A. nevadensis
Arctostaphylos pechoensis D u d l .
" Pecho manzan ita" Ericaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
San Lu is Obispo
222A, 246C, 247D
Closed-cone con i ferous forest, chaparral,
coastal scrub / sil iceous shale; elevation
1 50-850 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
November-March .
Known only from Pecho H i l ls area.
Threatened by urbanization. See North
American Flora 29:98 ( 1 9 1 4) for original
descri ption.
Arctostaphylos peninsularis Wells
ssp. pen insularis
"Peni nsular manzanita" Ericaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Riverside?, San Diego; Baja Californ ia
1 9D, 65C?
Chaparral; elevation 1 350- 1 350 meters.
79
Shrub (evergreen), blooms April-May.
Plants from northwestern San Diego
County and adjacent Riverside County
formerly considered this taxon are A. rain­
bowensis. Plants from Santa Rosa Mtns.
(65C) may be more closely aligned with
A. parryana. Not in TheJepson Manual. See
Madroiio 21 ( 5 ) : 2 68 ( 1 972) for origi nal
description and 39(4):285-287 ( 1 992)
for taxonomic treatment.
&
Wies.
"Santa M argarita manzan ita" Ericaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Monterey, San Luis Obispo
220B, 245C, 245D, 246B, 270C, 2 7 1 A,
296A
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
cismontane wood land / shale; elevation
1 70-1 1 00 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
December-Marc h .
Threatened by road mai ntenance and
vehicles. See Erythea 8 : 1 0 1 ( 1 938) for
origi nal descri ption.
Arctostaphylos pilosula ssp.
pilosula
See Arctostaphylos pilosula
Arctostaphylos pilosula ssp.
pismoensis
See Arctostaphylos wellsii
Arctostaphylos pseudopungens
Considered but rejected: a synonym ofA.
pungens; a common taxon
Arctostaphylos pumila Nutt.
"sand mat manzanita" Ericaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Monterey
365B, 366A, 366C, 366D
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral
( maritime), cismontane wood land,
coastal du nes, coastal scrub / sandy,
openings; elevation 3-205 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
February-May.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Threatened by urbanization, and
by m i litary activities at Fort Ord .
80 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Arctostaphylos pungens ssp. Arctostaphylos regismontana Chaparral ( rhyolitic), cismontane wood­

chaloneorum Eastw. land; elevation 75-370 meters.
Considered but rejected: a synonym ofA. Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
" Ki ngs Mou ntain manzanita" Ericaceae
pungens; a common taxon February-Apri I .
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
Santa Clara, Santa Cruz?, San Mateo
Arctostaphylos pungens ssp. Seriously th reatened by development,
386B, 428B, 429A, 448C road construction, vehicles, and viticul­
laevigata ture. See Four Seasons 4(2) : 1 6 ( 1 972) for
Broadleaved u pland forest, chaparral,
See Arctostaphylos manzanita ssp. laevigata North Coast coniferous forest / granitic original descri ption and 9(2 ):60-63
or sandstone; elevation 305-730 meters. ( 1 992) for revised nomenclature.
Arctostaphylos purissima Wells Shrub (evergreen ), blooms Jan uary-Apri l .
" La Purisima manzanita" Ericaceae Are plants Ii-om Santa Cruz County this Arctostaphylos stanfordiana ssp.
List 18 I RED 2-3-3 taxon? Need quads for Santa Cruz Coun­ hispidula
Santa Barbara ty. Threatened by u rbanization. Not regen­ See Arctostaphylos hispidula
erating well. See Leaflets ofWestern Botany
1 45A, 1 45B, 1 70A, 1 70B, 1 70C, 1 70 D, 1 : 77 ( 1 933) for original description.
1 7 1 A, 1 95D, 1 96B, 1 96 D Arctostaphylos stanfordiana Parry
Chaparral (sandy); elevation 60-300 ssp. raichei K n i g ht
Arctostaphylos roofii
meters. " Raiche's manzanita" Ericaceae
Considered but rejected: a synonym of A.
Shrub (evergreen) , blooms manzanita ssp. roofii; a common taxon List 18 / RED 2-3-3
November-May. Lake, Mendocino
Threatened by u rbanization. See Madrofio 534A? , 535B, 550A, 550D, 600B
Arctostaphylos rudis j eps. & Wies.
1 9 : 1 95 ( 1 968) for original descri ption.
"sand mesa manzanita" Ericaceae Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest (openings) / rocky, often serpenti­
Arctostaphylos rainbowensis J . List 18 / RED 2-2-3
n ite; elevation 450-1 000 meters.
Keeley & Mass i h i Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo
Shrub (evergreen ) , blooms
1 45B, 1 70B, 1 70C, 1 71 A, 1 95B, 1 96A, February-April .
" Rai n bow manzanita" Ericaceae
1 96B, 1 96 D, 220C, 221 D
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 Threatened b y urbanization . See Four
Chaparral (maritime), coastal scrub / Seasons 7(3 ): 1 8 ( 1 985) for original
Riverside, San Diego
sandy; elevation 25-230 meters. description.
50A, 50B, 5 1 A, 5 1 B? , 68C, 69C, 69D
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
Chaparral; elevation 225-640 meters. November-February.
Arctostaphylos stanfordiana ssp.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms Severely reduced on Nipomo Mesa; more
January-February.
stanfordiana
widespread on Burton Mesa. See Erythea
8: 1 00 ( 1 938) for original descri ption. Considered but rejected: too common
Previously called A. peninsularis ssp. penin­
sularis or considered to be a hybrid
between A. glandulosa and A. glauca. Arctostaphylos silvicola j eps. &
Arctostaphylos stanfordiana var.
Threatened by agricultural conversion. repens
Not i n TheJepson Manual. See Madrofio Wies.
See Arctostaphylos stanfordiana ssp. decumbens
41 ( 1 ) : 2 ( 1 994) for original descri ption. " Bonny Doon manzan ita" Ericaceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Arctostaphylos tomentosa ( Pursh)
Arctostaphylos refugioensis Santa Cruz
Lind i. ssp. daciticola Wel ls
Gan ki n 408A, 408B, 408C, 408D
"dacite manzanita" Ericaceae
" Refugio manzanita" Ericaceae Chaparral, closed-cone coniferous forest,
lower montane coniferous forest / inland List 18 / RED 3-3-3
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
marine sands; elevation 1 20-600 meters. San Luis Obispo
Santa Barbara
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms 247D
1 43A, 1 45B, 1 69A, 1 69 D, 1 70C
February-March. Chaparral, cismontane woodland /
Chaparral (sandstone); elevation dacite porphyry buttes; elevation
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
300-820 meters. 1 00-300 meters.
rences. Threatened by sand m i n i ng and
Shrub (evergreen), blooms u rbanization. See Erythea 8 : 1 0 1 ( 1 938) Shrub (evergreen ) , blooms March.
December-May. for original descri ption.
Known only from Hollister Peak. Poten­
See Four Seasons 2(2): 1 3 ( 1 967) for origi­ tially threatened by urban ization. See
nal description . Arctostaphylos stanfordiana Parry Four Seasons 9(2):60 ( 1 992) for original
ssp. decumbens Wells description.

" Ri ncon manzanita" Ericaceae

List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Sonoma
501 A, 50 1 B, 5 1 8B, 5 1 9A

Arctostaphylos tomentosa ( Pu rsh)
Li n d i . ssp. eastwoodiana Wells
" Eastwood's manzanita" Ericaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
Santa Barbara
1 70A, 1 70B, 1 70C, 1 7 1 A, 1 96B
Chaparral ( maritime, sandy); elevation
90-365 meters.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms March.
Threatened by urbanization. See Madrano
1 9(6): 1 97 ( 1 968) for original description.
Arctostaphylos tomentosa ( Pu rsh )
Li n d i . ssp. insulicola Wells
"island manzanita" Ericaceae
List 4 I RED 1 -2-3
Santa Cruz Island, Santa Rosa Island
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral /
rocky; elevation 90-520 meters.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms
December-Ju ne.
Possibly threatened by feral herbivores.
See Madrano 1 9(6): 1 98 ( 1 968) for origi­
nal description.
Arctostaphylos tomentosa (Pursh)
Li n d i . ssp. subcordata ( Eastw. )
Wel ls
"Santa Cruz Island manzan ita" Ericaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz Island, San
Luis Obispo?, Santa Rosa Island
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral /
rocky; elevation 1 00-730 meters.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms January-Apri l.
Does plant occur i n San Luis Obispo
County? Possi bly threatened by feral her­
bivores. See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 1 : 6 1
( 1 933 ) for original descri ption, and
Madrano 1 9( 6 ) : 1 98 ( 1 968) for revised
nomenclature.
Arctostaphylos truei
See Arctostaphylos mewukka ssp. truei
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi ssp.
monoens1s
Considered but rejected: a synonym ofA.
uva-ursi; a common taxon
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi var.
leobreweri
Considered but rejected: a synonym ofA.
uva-ursi; a common taxon
C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F RA R E A N D E N DA N G E R E D P LA N TS
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi var.
marmens1s
Considered but rejected: a synonym of A.
uva-ursi; a common taxon
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi var.
suborbiculata
Considered but rejected: a synonym of A.
uva-ursi; a common taxon
Arctostaphylos virgata Eastw.
" Mari n manzanita" Ericaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Mari n
467A, 467B, 467E, 484C, 485C, 485D
Broadleaved upland forest, closed-cone
coniferous forest, chaparral, North Coast
coniferous forest / sandstone or granitic;
elevation 60-700 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ) , blooms
January-March .
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Threatened by fi re su ppression.
See Trees and Shrubs 1 : 203 ( 1 905) for
original descri ption.
Arctostaphylos vi ridissima ( Eastw. )
McMinn
"wh ite-haired manzan ita" Ericaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Santa Cruz Island
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral /
usually shale, rocky; elevation 1 00-500
meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
Decem ber-May.
Possi bly th reatened by feral herbivores.
See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 1 :62 ( 1 933)
for original descri ption, and Illustrated
Manual ofCalifornia Shrubs, p. 4 1 9 ( 1 939)
by H . McMinn for revised nomenclature.
Arctostaphylos wellsii Kn ight
"Wel ls's manzanita" Ericaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
San Luis Obispo
220B, 220C, 2 2 1 A, 2 2 1 B, 221 D, 222A,
246B, 270C
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral /
sandstone; elevation 30-400 meters.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms
December-Apri l .
Threatened by u rbanization. See Madrano
1 9(6) : 1 92-2 1 0 ( 1 968) for original
description, and Four Seasons 8(3 ) : 1 2-1 6
( 1 989) for revised nomenclature.
81
Arenaria congesta N utt. var.
charlestonensis M agui re
"Charleston sandwort" Caryophyl laceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-2
San Bernardino; Nevada
Pinyon and juniper wood land (sandy);
elevation 2200-2225 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J une.
Known i n California only from the New
York Mtns.; need quads. See Bulletin ofthe
Torrey Botanical Club 73(3 ):326 ( 1 946) for
original descri ption.
Arenaria howellii
See Minuartia howellii
Arenaria kingii ssp. compacta
Considered but rejected: too common
Arenaria lanuginosa ( M ichx. )
Rohrb ssp. saxosa (Gray) Magu ire
"rock sandwort" Caryophyllaceae
List 2 / RED 3 - 1 - 1
San Bernard ino; Arizona, Baja California,
New Mexico, Texas, Utah, and elsewhere
1 05A, 1 05C, 1 05D
Subalpine coniferous forest, upper mon­
tane coniferous forest / mesic, sandy;
elevation 1 800-2600 meters.
Perennial herb, bloom s J u ly-August.
See Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge
5(6): 1 8 ( 1 853) for original descri ption,
and American Midland Naturalist 46( 2):498
( 1 95 1 ) for revised nomenclature.
Arenaria macradenia Wats. var.
kuschei ( Eastw. ) M agui re
"Kusche's sandwort" Caryophyl laceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Los Angeles
1 63A, 1 63B
Chaparral (openings, granitic); elevation
1 220-1 695 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J une-J uly.
Known from approximately five occur­
rences. Possi bly threatened by land man­
agement activities, road mai ntenance,
and vehicles. See Proceedings ofthe Califor­
nia Academy ofSciences IV 20: 1 40 ( 1 93 1 )
for origi nal descri ption, and Crossosoma
22(2 ): 65-71 ( 1 996) for i nformation on
rediscovery.
82 C N P S I N V E NTO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS
Arenaria paludicola Rob.
"marsh sandwort" Caryophyl laceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Los Angeles * , Mendocino, San Bernar­
d i no*, Santa Cruz*, San Francisco* , San
Luis Obispo; Wash i ngton*
1 07D*, 2 2 1 D, 408 D*, 466C*, 585D
Bogs and fens, marshes and swamps
( freshwater); elevation 3-1 70 meters.
Perennial herb (stoloniferous), blooms
May-August.
Known from only two occurrences at
I nglenook Fen (Mendocino County) and
Black Lake Cyn. (San Luis Obispo Coun­
ty). Threatened by development, erosion,
and non-native plants. See Proceedings of
the California Academy ofNatural Sciences
3 : 6 1 ( 1 863) for original description.
Aristocapsa insignis (Curran ) Rev.
Arenaria rosei
See Minuartia rosei
Arenaria ursina Rob.
" Big Bear Val ley sandwort" Caryophyllaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Federal Threatened
San Bernardino
1 04B, 1 05A, 1 05B, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 0
Pebble (pavement) plain, pinyon and
j u n i per wood land / mesic, rocky;
elevation 1 800-2900 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
Known only from the vicinity of Big Bear
and Baldwin lakes in the San Bernardino
Mtns. Threatened by vehicles, develop­
ment, grazing, foot traffic, and trampl ing.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Arts and Sciences 29:294 ( 1 894) for original
description.
Argemone munita ssp. robusta
Considered but rejected : a synonym of A.
munita; a common taxon
Argyrochosma limitanea ( M axon) Amica cemua H owell
Wi nd ham var. limitanea "serpentine arnica" Asteraceae
"cloak fern " Pteridaceae Llst 4 I RED 1 - 1 -2
List 2 / RED 3-1 - 1 Del Norte, Humboldt, Siskiyou, Tri nity;
San Bernard i no; Arizona, Baja Cal ifornia, Oregon
New Mexico, Sonora (Mexico), Utah Lower montane coniferous forest (ser­
2250 penti n ite); elevation 500-1 920 meters.
Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Pinyon and j u n i per woodland (carbon­
ate, rocky); elevation 1 800-1 800 meters. April-J u ly.
Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), fertile Possibly threatened by logging.
Apri I-October.
Known in California only from the New Amica dealbata
York Mtns. See American Fernjournal 9: 70 Considered but rejected : too common
( 1 9 1 9) for original descri ption, Madrano
25(1 ):55 ( 1 978) for fi rst California col­
lection, Phytologia 41 ( 6):43 1 -43 7 ( 1 979) Amica fu lgens Pursh.
for nomenclature, and American Fernjour­ " h i l lside arn ica" Asteraceae
nal 77:37-41 ( 1 987) for revised nomen­ List 2 / RED 2-2-1
clature.
Lassen, Modoc, Plumas, Siskiyou?; Neva­
da, Oregon , Washington, and elsewhere
590D, 642 B, 642D, 659C, 659D, 673A,
& Hard ham 674B, 674C, 6740, 675A, 6750, 684A?,
" I ndian Valley spineAower" Polygonaceae 691A, 691 D, 693B, 693C, 707C, 7 1 0C,
71 1 D, 726A
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3
Monterey, San Lu is Obispo Great Basin scrub, lower montane con if­
erous forest, meadows and seeps / mesic;
244B, 244C, 245A, 270C, 293C, 295B elevation 1 495-2 700 meters.
Cismontane woodland (sandy); elevation
300-600 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-September.
Threatened by development. See Bulletin
ofthe California Academy ofSciences 1 :275
( 1 885) for origi nal descri ption, Great
Basin Naturalist Memoirs 2 : 1 69-1 90 ( 1 978)
for taxonomic treatment, and Phytologia
66(2): 83-88 ( 1 989) for revised nomen­
clatu re and taxonomic treatment.
Arenaria paludicola

Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
May-August.
Occurrence from Siskiyou County ( 684A)
may be erroneous. Threatened by grazing
and wetlands modification. Sim ilar to A.
sororia. See Rhodora 90: 24S-2 75 ( 1 988)
for taxonomic treatment.
Arnica sororia
Considered but rejected: too common
Arnica spathulata Greene
" Klamath arnica" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Del Norte, H u m boldt, Siskiyou, Tri nity;
Oregon
Lower montane coniferous forest (ser­
pentinite ); elevation 1 000-1 800 meters.
Perenn ial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
May-August.
Arnica tomentella
Considered but rejected: taxonomic
problem, but needs reevaluation
Arnica venosa Hall
"Shasta County arnica" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Shasta, Tri nity
Cismontane woodland, lower montane
coniferous forest / often in distu rbed
areas; elevation 400-1 490 meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
May-June.
Threatened by loggi ng. Some plants seem
i ntermediate to A. discoidea.
Arnica viscosa Gray
"Mt. Shasta arn i ca" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Siskiyou, Trin ity; Oregon
Subalpine coniferous forest, upper mon­
tane coniferous forest / rocky; elevation
1 705-2745 meters.
Perennial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
August-September.
Endangered in Oregon . See Proceedings of
the American Academy ofArts and Sciences
1 3 :374 ( 1 878) for original description .
Artemisia cana ssp. bolanderi
Considered but rejected : too common
Artemisia m ichauxiana
Considered but rejected: too common
C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Artemisia nesiotica Raven
" island sagebrush" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Santa Barbara Island , San Clemente
Island, San Nicolas Island
Coastal scrub (rocky), valley and footh ill
grassland; elevation 5-1 75 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
April-September.
Possibly threatened by non-native plants.
Recovering on San Clemente Island after
removal of feral herbivores. See Aliso
5(3):341 ( 1 963) for original descri ption.
Artemisia palmeri Gray
"San Diego sagewort" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
San Diego; Baja Cal ifornia
Chaparral, coastal scrub, riparian scrub,
riparian woodland / sandy, mesic;
elevation 1 5-9 1 5 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms
May-September.
Threatened by development and flood
control projects.
Asarum marmoratum Piper
"marbled wild-ginger" Aristolochiaceae
List 2 / RED 3 - 1 - 1
Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon
699D, 738A, 739A
Lower montane con i ferous forest;
elevation 200-1 800 meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
April-August.
See Proceedings ofthe Biological Society of
Washington 29:99 ( 1 9 1 6) for original
descri ption, and Brittonia 42( 1 ):33-37
( 1 990) for taxonomic treatment.
Asclepias asperula ( Dene. )
Woodson ssp. asperula
"antelope-horns" Asclepiadaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 - 1
San Bernardi no; Arizona, Idaho, Nevada,
New Mexico, Sonora (Mexico), Texas,
Utah, and elsewhere
Mojavean desert scrub, pi nyon and
j u n i per woodland / rocky; elevation
9 1 5-2 1 95 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-September.
See Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical Garden
41 : 1 93 ( 1 954) for revised nomenclature.
Asclepias cryptoceras ssp.
cryptoceras
Considered but rejected : not in California
83
Asclepias giffordii
Considered but rejected: a synonym of A.
speciosa; a common taxon
Asclepias nyctaginifolia Gray
" M ojave m i l kweed" Asclepiadaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
San Bernardi no; Arizona, Nevada, New
Mexico
1 99B, 1 99C, 224C, 249C
Mojavean desert scrub, pinyon and juni per
woodland; elevation 1 000-1 700 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ne.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Arts and Sciences 1 2 :69 ( 1 876) for original
descri ption, and Annals ofthe Missouri
Botanical Garden 41 : 1 55-1 56 ( 1 954) for
taxonomic treatment.
Asclepias solanoana Woodson
"serpentine m i l kweed" Asclepiadaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Colusa, Glenn, Lake, Mendoci no, Napa,
Shasta, Sonoma, Tehama, Trinity, Yolo
Chaparral, cismontane wood land, lower
montane coniferous forest / serpentinite;
elevation 230-1 860 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
Not common where it occurs. Threat­
ened by grazing, veh icles, loggi ng, m i n­
i ng, and geothermal development. See
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
and Sciences 1 0:76 ( 1 874) for original
description, and Madroiio 24( 3 ) : 1 S9-1 77
( 1 977) for information on floral ecology.
Aspidotis carlotta-halliae (Wagn . &
Gilb. ) Lel l i nger
"Carlotta Hall's lace fern" Pteridaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Alameda, Monterey, Marin , San Benito,
San Lu is Obispo
Chaparral, cismontane woodland / gen­
erally serpentinite; elevation 1 00-1 400
meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), fertile
January-December.
Fertile hybrid between A. californica and A.
densa; sometimes backcrosses. See Ameri­
canjournal ofBotany 44:738 ( 1 957) for orig­
inal description, and American Fernjournal
58: 1 41 ( 1 968) for revised nomenclature.
84 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Asplenium septentrionale ( L. )
Hoffm .
"northern spleenwort" Aspleniaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Shasta, Tehama, Tulare; Arizona, Baja
California, Idaho, New Mexico, Oregon,
Utah, and elsewhere
33 1 A, 626A, 643C, 644D
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest, subalpine con iferous forest, upper
montane coniferous forest / rocky,
granitic; elevation 1 6 1 5-3350 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), fertile
J u ly-August.
Known in California from fewer than ten
occurrences. On review list in Idaho, and
endangered i n Oregon . See Madrofio
25(4):232 ( 1 978) for distributional
information.
Asplenium trichomanes L. ssp.
trichomanes
"maidenhair spleenwort" Aspleniaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Del Norte; Arizona, Idaho*, New Mexico,
Oregon, Wash ington, and elsewhere
740D
Lower montane coniferous forest ( rocky);
elevation 1 85-200 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), fertile
May-J u ly.
Known i n California only !Tom near
Hiouchi. Extirpated in Idaho. See Madroflo
29( 1 ):57 ( 1 982) for first California record .
Asplenium trichomanes­
ramosum L.
"green spleenwort" Aspleniaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Sierra; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon , Utah,
Washington, and elsewhere
5 72C
Subalpine coniferous forest (rocky, carbon­
ate or granitic); elevation 2050 meters.
Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), fertile
June-August.
Known in Cal i fornia only from the Sierra
Buttes. Endangered i n I daho and Ore­
gon. See Madroflo 1 2(4): 1 28 ( 1 953) for
first Californ ia record.
Asplenium vespertinum Maxon
"western spleenwort" Aspleniaceae
List 4 I RED 1 -2-2
Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San
Bernardi no, San Diego, Ventura; Baja
California
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal
scrub / rocky; elevation 1 80-1 000 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), fertile
February-June.
See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
27: 1 97 ( 1 900) for original description.
Asplenium viride
See Asplenium trichomanes-ramosum
Aster brickellioides var.
brickellioides
Considered but rejected: too common; a
synonym of A. brickellioides
Aster chilensis var. lentus
See Aster lentus
Aster greatae Parish
"Greata's aster" Asteraceae
List 18 / RED 2-1 -3
Los Angeles
1 08B, 1 09A, 1 09B, 1 1 0A, 1 1 0B, 1 1 0C,
1 1 1 A, 1 34C, 1 35A, 1 35B, 1 35 D, 1 3 6A,
1 3 6C, 1 36 D, 1 37C, 1 3 7D
Broadleaved upland forest, chaparral,
cismontane woodland, lower montane
con i ferous forest, riparian woodland /
mesic; elevation 300-201 0 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
June-October.
See Bulletin ofthe Southern California Academy
ofSciences 1 : 1 5 ( 1 902) for original descrip­
tion, and Phytologia 71 (3) : 1 67-1 70 ( 1 99 1 )
for nomenclatural correction.
Aster lentus Greene
"Suisun Marsh aster" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Contra Costa, Napa, Sacramento, San
Joaq uin, Solano
463A, 479B, 479C, 480A, 480B, 480C,
480D, 48 1 B, 48 1 C, 481 D, 482A, 482B,
482C, 482D, 483A, 483D, 498D, 500D
Marshes and swamps (brackish and
freshwater); elevation 0-3 meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
May-November.
Seriously threatened by marsh habitat
alteration and loss. l ntergrades i nto A.
chilensis. USFWS uses the name A. chilensis
var. lentus. See Manual ofthe Botany ofthe
Region ofSan Francisco Bay, p. 1 80 ( 1 894)
by E. Greene for original description.
Aster paludicola
Considered but rejected : a synonym ofA.
occidentalis var. yosemitanus; a common
taxon
Aster peirsonii
Considered but rejected : too common
Astragalus agnicidus Barneby
" H u m boldt m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered
H u m boldt, Mendocino
5688, 61 7A, 635D
Broadleaved upland forest, North Coast
coniferous forest / disturbed areas;
elevation 1 95-750 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-September.
Rediscovered in 1 987 by R. Sutherland,
R. Bittman, and K. Berg near M i randa;
known from only four occurrences.
Threatened by grazing and logging. See
Madroflo 1 4( 1 ):37-40 ( 1 957) for origi nal
description, and Fremontia 1 6( 1 ) : 1 3- 1 4
( 1 988) for discussion o f red iscovery and
20(4) : 2 1 -22 ( 1 992) for management
update.
Astragalus agrestis G. Don
"pu rple m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Lassen , Sierra; I daho, Nevada, New Mex­
ico, Oregon, Utah, Washington ,
Wyomi ng, a n d elsewhere
5 70A, 657B, 658A, 658D
Great Basin scrub, meadows and seeps /
vernally mesic; elevation 1 560- 1 650
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-July.
Known in California only from five occur­
rences on the Madeline Plains. See Memoirs
ofthe New York Botanical Garden 1 3 : 6 1 8-622
( 1 964) for taxonomic treatment.
Astragalus albens Green e
"Cushen bury m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Federal Endangered
San Bernardi no
1 30C, 1 3 1 8, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 D

Joshua tree "wood land", Mojavean
desert scrub, pi nyon and juniper wood­
land I carbonate or granitic; elevation
1 095-2000 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms March-May.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Threatened by carbonate mining
and vehicles. See Bulletin ofthe California
Academy ofSciences 1 : 1 56 ( 1 885) for origi­
nal description, and Fremontia 1 6( 1 ):20-21
( 1 988) for discussion of mining threats.
Astragalus allochrous Gray var.
playanus U ones ) l sely
"playa m i l k-vetch " Fabaceae
List 2 I RED 3-2-1
San Bernardino; Arizona, New Mexico,
Texas, Utah, and elsewhere
1 73B, 1 74A
Mojavean desert scrub (sandy); elevation
800 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April .
Known in California only from two occur­
rences near Goffs. I ncludes A. wootoni var.
wootoni. See Contributions to Western Botany
8:6 ( 1 898) for original description.
Astragalus anxius M e i n ke & Kaye
"Ash Valley m i l k-vetch " Fabaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1 -3
Lassen
675C, 676D
Great Basin scrub, pinyon and juniper
woodland, upper montane coniferous
forest / volcanic; elevation 1 550-1 645
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Protected in part by Ash Valley RNA
(BLM ). See Fremontia 1 6( 1 ) : 1 5-1 7 ( 1 988)
for brief species accou nt (as A. tegetari­
oides) and BLM management plans, and
Madrano 39(3): 1 93-204 ( 1 992) for origi­
nal description.
Astragalus argophyllus T. & G var.
argophyllus
"si lver-leaved m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 2 I RED 3-2-1
I nyo, Lassen, Mono; Arizona, Idaho,
Nevada, Utah, and elsewhere
41 3A, 41 3B, 432C, 638D
Meadows and seeps, playas / alkal ine or
sal ine; elevation 1 240-2350 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Threatened by grazing a n d trampli ng;
BLM wil l fence both Lassen Cou nty
occurrences. See Memoirs ofthe New York
Botanical Garden 1 3 : 626-628 ( 1 964) for
revised nomenclature.
Astragalus atratus Wats. var.
mensanus Jones
" Darwin Mesa m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-3-3
I nyo
304B, 304C, 304D, 349D
Great Basin scrub, Joshua tree "wood­
land", pinyon and jun iper woodland /
volcanic clay, gravel ly; elevation
1 340-23 1 5 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-June.
Threatened by grazing. See Memoirs ofthe
New York Botanical Garden 1 3 :473 ( 1 964)
for taxonomic treatment.
Astragalus austinae
Considered but rejected : too common
Astragalus bicristatus Gray
"crested m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernard i no
Lower montane coniferous forest, u pper
montane coniferous forest / sandy or
rocky; elevation 1 700-2745 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-August.
Possi bly threatened by m i n i ng and
veh icles.
Astragalus brau ntonii Parish
"Brau nton 's m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3
Federal Endangered
Los Angeles, Orange, Ventura
87C, 87D, 1 09B, 1 1 OA, 1 1 1 B, 1 1 1 C*,
1 1 1 D* , 1 1 2B, 1 1 2C*, 1 1 2D, 1 1 3A, 1 38D
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
coastal scrub, valley and foothill grassland /
recent bums or disturbed areas, usually
carbonate; elevation 4-640 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-July.
Known from fewer than ten extant occur­
rences, with fewer than 300 total plants
as of 1 997. Threatened by development
and alteration of local fire regimes. See
Bulletin ofthe Southern California Academy of
Sciences 2 :26-27 ( 1 903) for original
descri ption, and Fremontia 1 9(3):6-7
( 1 99 1 ) for species account.
85
Astragalus breweri Gray
"Brewer's milk-vetch" Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Colusa, Lake, Mendocino, Mari n, Napa,
Sonoma, Yolo
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, mead­
ows and seeps, valley and footh i l l grass­
land / often serpentin ite, volcanic;
elevation 90-730 meters.
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-June.
Populations have been lost to develop­
ment and road construction. See System­
atic Botany 1 7(3 ):367-3 79 ( 1 992) for
distributional information.
Astragalus californicus
Considered but rejected : too common
Astragalus calycosus var. calycosus
Considered but rejected: too common
Astragalus casei
Considered but rejected : too common
Astragalus cimae J on es var. cimae
"Cima m i l k-vetch " Fabaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-2
San Bernard ino; Nevada
200A, 200B, 200C, 2 0 1 A, 201 B, 201 D,
224C, 225D, 226A, 226B, 226D
Great Basin scrub, Joshua tree "wood­
land", pinyon and juniper woodland /
clay; elevation 890-1 850 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-May.
Known in California from fewer than
twenty occurrences. Threatened by graz­
ing. On watch list i n Nevada. See Memoirs
ofthe New York Botanical Garden 1 3 : 505-508
( 1 964) for taxonomic treatment.
Astragalus cimae J o nes var.
sufflatus Barneby
"inflated m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
I nyo
327D, 349A, 349C, 350D, 3 9 1 C
Great Basin scrub, pinyon and juniper
woodland I carbonate, rocky; elevation
1 500-2075 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Known only from the Saline Valley area.
See Aliso 2(3):208 ( 1 950) for original
descri ption, and Memoirs ofthe New York
Botanical Garden 1 3 : 505-509 ( 1 964) for
taxonomic treatment.

86 C N P S I N V E NTO RY O F RA R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Astragalus clarianus J e ps.
"Clara H u nt's m i l k-vetch " Fabaceae
List 1 8 I RED 3-3-3
State Threatened/Federal
Endangered
Napa, Sonoma
500B, 5 1 6C, 5 1 6 D, 5 1 7C, 5 1 7D
Chaparral (openings), cismontane wood­
land, valley and footh i l l grassland / ser­
pentinite, volcan ic, rocky, clay; elevation
75-275 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Known from only four occurrences.
Threatened by urbanization, recreational
development, and non-native p lants;
largest known population covered by
dredge material in 1 990. See Manual ofthe
Flowering Plants ofCalifornia, p. 578 ( 1 925)
by W. L. Jepson for original description,
and Systematic Botany 1 7(3):367-379
( 1 992) for distri butional information.
Astragalus clevelandii Greene
"Cleveland's m i l k-vetch " Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Colusa, Lake, Napa, San Benito, Tehama,
Yolo
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, ripari­
an scru b / serpentinite seeps; elevation
200-1 500 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J une-September.
Astragalus congdonii
Considered but rejected : too common
Astragalus crotalariae ( Benth . )
Gray
"Salton m i l k-vetch " Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
I m perial, Riverside, San Diego; Arizona,
Baja California
Sonoran desert scrub (sandy or gravelly);
elevation 60-250 meters.
Perenn ial h erb, blooms January-Apri l .
Astragalus deanei ( Ryd b. ) Barneby
" Dean's m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3
San Diego
9A, 9B, 9C, 1 0 B, 1 1 A, 20B, 2 1 C, 2 1 D
Chaparral, coastal scrub, riparian scrub;
elevation 75-670 meters.
Astragalus ertterae
,_
Perenn ial herb, blooms February-May.
Known from fewer than fifteen occur­
rences. Seriously threatened by develop­
ment. See North American Flora 24:355
( 1 92 9 ) for origi nal descri ption, and
Memoirs ofthe New York Botanical Garden
1 3 :845-846 ( 1 964) for taxonomic
treatment.
Astragalus didymocarpus H . & A
var. m ilesianus ( Rydb.) J eps.
" M i les's m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo, Ventu ra
1 40B, 1 41 A, 1 44B, 1 69B, 1 70B, 1 94C,
1 94D, 220D, 246B, 246C, 247A, 247B,
247D
Coastal scrub (clay); elevation 20-90
meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-J u ne.
Threatened by development. See Bulletin
ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 53(3 ) : 1 69
( 1 926) for original description, and Flora
ofCalifornia 2 ( 1 ):376-377 ( 1 936) by W.L.
Jepson for revised nomenclature.
Astragalus douglasii var. parishii
Considered but rejected : too common
Astragalus douglasii (T. & G . ) Gray
var. perstrictus ( Rydb. ) M u nz
"Jacu m ba m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-2
I m perial, San Diego; Baja California
7A, 7B, 8A, 8B, 8D, 9A, 1 9D
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, valley
and foothi l l grassland / rocky; elevation
900-1 3 70 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms Apri l-J u ne.
Astragalus ertterae Barneby &
Shevock
"Walker Pass m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 1 8 I RED 3-1 -3
Kern
259A
Pinyon and j u n i per wood land (sandy,
granitic); elevation 1 705-1 900 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-May.
Known in California from only three
occurrences near Walker Pass. See Aliso
1 1 (4): 585-588 ( 1 987) fo r original
description.
Astragalus funereus J ones
"black m i l k-vetch " Fabaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-2
I nyo, Nevada

326B, 368A, 368D, 369C
Mojavean desert scrub (sometimes car­
bonate, gravel ly, clay, or rocky); elevation
1 280-1 500 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-May.
Known in California from only five occur­
rences. On watch list in Nevada. See Con­
tributions to Western Botany 1 2: 1 1 -1 2
( 1 908) for original description, and Mem­
oirs ofthe New York Botanical Garden 1 3:
686-688 ( 1 964) for taxonomic treatment.
Astragalus geyeri Gray var. geyeri
"Geyer's m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 2 / R E D 3-2-1
Inyo, Lassen, Mono; Arizona, Idaho,
Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and
elsewhere
372B, 41 1 B, 41 2D, 602A, 602B, 602D,
620B, 620C, 6 2 1 A, 621 D
Chenopod scrub, Great Basin scrub /
sandy; elevation 1 1 60-1 550 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-August.
State-listed as Sensitive in Washington .
See Memoirs ofthe New York Botanical Gar­
den 1 3 :894-895 ( 1 964) for taxonomic
treatment.
Astragalus gilmanii Tides.
"Gil man's m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
I nyo; Nevada
302A, 302C, 302D, 324C, 325D, 368A
Great Basin scrub, pinyon and juniper
woodland / gravelly or rocky; elevation
2000-3050 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
On watch l ist in Nevada. See Proceedings
ofthe Biological Society of Washington 50:20
( 1 937) for original description.
Astragalus insularis Kel l . var.
harwoodii M unz & McBurn.
" Harwood's m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
I m perial, Riverside, San Diego; Arizona,
Sonora (Mexico)
6B, 1 3 D, 1 8 B, 1 9A, 30A, 3 1 C, 33B, 58C,
59C, 6 1 A, 61 D
Desert d unes (sandy or gravel ly);
elevation 0-300 meters.
Annual herb, bloomsJanuary-May.
Astragalus inversus Jones
"Susanvi lle m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Lassen, Modoc, Shasta, Siskiyou
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­
erous forest, pinyon and j un iper wood­
land / often disturbed areas; elevation
950-1 8SO meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-September.
Astragalus inyoensis Sheld.
" I nyo m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
I nyo, Mono; Nevada
Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and j u n i per
wood land / mostly volcanic, sometimes
carbonate; elevation 1 500-3050 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-Ju ly.
Known in Cal ifornia only from the White
and I nyo mountains. Potentially threat­
ened by mining. On watch list in Nevada.
See Contributions from the U.S. National
Herbarium 4:86 ( 1 893) for original
desciption, and Memoirs ofthe New York
Botanical Garden 1 3 :483-484 ( 1 964) for
taxonomic treatment.
Astragalus iodanthus Wats. var.
diaphanoides Barneby
"transparent m i l k-vetch " Fabaceae
List 4 I RED 1 -1 -1
Lassen, Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon ,
Utah
Chenopod scrub, Great Basin scrub
(sandy, clay); elevation 1 200-1 405
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-June.
Not in TheJepson Manual. See Leaflets of
Western Botany 4( 4 ):SO ( 1 944) for original
descri ption.
Astragalus jaegerianus M u nz
" Lane Mou ntain m i l k-vetch " Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Federal Endangered
San Bernard ino
206A, 206B, 206C
Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean
desert scrub / gran itic, sandy or gravel ly;
elevation 900-1 200 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms Apri l-June.
Known from only four occurrences,
totalling fewer than 200 plants. Threat­
ened by mining and vehicles, and possi­
bly by Army activities at Ft. Irwin ( DOD).
See Leaflets of Western Botany 3 :49-80
( 1 941 ) for original descri ption.
Astragalus johannis-howellii
Barne by
" Long Valley milk-vetch " Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
State Rare
87
Mono; Nevada
433 B, 433C, 433 D, 434A, 486C, 487D
Great Basin scrub (sandy loam ) ;
elevation 2040-2530 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J une-August.
Threatened by grazing, vehicles, and min­
i ng. Usually found in swales i n vicinity of
former or present hot springs activity. See
Leaflets ofWestern Botany 8( 5): 1 24-1 25
( 1 957) for original description, and Mem­
oirs ofthe New York Botanical Garden 1 3:
467-468 ( 1 964) for taxonomic treatment.
Astragalus kentrophyta Gray var.
danaus ( Barneby) Barneby
"Sweetwater Mou ntains m i l k-vetch "
Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Alpine, Fresno, I nyo, Mono, Tuolumne
Alpine boulder and rock field, subalpine
coni ferous forest ( rocky, tal us); elevation
3000-3660 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J uly-September.
See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 5 : 1 54 ( 1 951 )
for revised nomenclature, and Memoirs of
the New York Botanical Garden 1 3 :362-363
( 1 964) for taxonomic treatment.
Astragalus kentrophyta Gray var.
elatus Wats.
"spiny- leaved m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
I nyo; Nevada
372A, 41 2 B
Su balpine coniferous forest ( rocky,
sometimes carbonate); elevation 3000
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms June-September.
See Memoirs ofthe New York Botanical Garden
1 3:367 ( 1 964) for taxonomic treatment.
Astragalus lemmonii Gray
" Lemmon's m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-2
Lassen, Mono, Modoc, Plumas, Sierra;
Nevada, Oregon
433C, 434A, 434D, 570B, 5 7 1 A, 587D,
660A, 67SC, 676D, 7 1 2A
Great Basin scrub, meadows and seeps,
marshes and swamps ( lake shores);
elevation 1 280-2200 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
Threatened by land conversion and
pipeline construction. See Proceedings of
the American Academy ofArts and Sciences
8:627 ( 1 873) for original description,
and Memoirs ofthe New York Botanical Gar­
den 1 3 : 1 1 09-1 1 1 1 ( 1 964) for taxonomic
treatment.
88 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Astragalus lentiformis Gray
" l ens-pod m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 1 B I RED 3-2-3
Plu mas
586B, 586C, 587A, 587B, 587C, 588A,
588D, 603C, 604D
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­
erous forest / volcanic, sandy; elevation
1 460-1 9 1 0 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J uly.
Threatened by road maintenance.
Astragalus lentiginosus Hook. var.
antonius Barneby
"San Antonio m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
Los Angeles, San Bernard i no
1 34C, 1 34D, 1 35A
Lower montane coniferous forest, upper
montane coniferous forest; elevation
1 500-2600 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ly.
See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 4( 5): 1 00
( 1 945) for original description, and Mem­
oirs ofthe New York Botanical Garden 1 3:
926-927 ( 1 964) for taxonomic treatment.
Astragalus lentiginosus Hook. var.
borreganus J ones
" Borrego m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
I mperial, Riverside, San Bernardi no, San
Diego; Arizona, Baja California, Nevada,
Sonora (Mexico)
Mojavean desert scrub, Sonoran desert
scrub / sandy; elevation 30-270 meters.
Annual h erb, blooms February-May.
See Memoirs ofthe New York Botanical Gar­
den 1 3 :953-954 ( 1 964) for revised
nomenclature.
Astragalus lentiginosus var.
chartaceus
Considered but rejected: not in California
Astragalus lentiginosus Hook. var.
coachellae F. S hreve & Wiggins
" Coachella Valley m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Federal Endangered
Riverside
82B, 82C, 82D, 83A, 83B, 83D, 1 04D
Sonoran desert scrub (sandy); elevation
60-655 meters.
Ann ual/perennial herb, blooms
February-May.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences in the Coachella Valley. Protected in
part i n Coachella Valley Preserve System.
Threatened by urbanization, vehicles, and
wind energy development. See Memoirs of
the New York Botanical Garden 1 3 : 9 5 1 -952
( 1 964) for taxonomic treatment.
Astragalus lentiginosus Hook. var.
kernensis U eps. ) Barneby
" Kern Plateau m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
I nyo, Tulare; Nevada
306B, 306C, 307D, 329C, 330D, 394A
Meadows and seeps, subal pine conifer­
ous forest / sandy; elevation 2350-2750
meters.
Perenn ial herb, bloomsJu ne-J u ly.
See Memoirs ofthe New York Botanical Garden
1 3 : 929 ( 1 964) for taxonomic treatment.
Astragalus lentiginosus Hook. var.
m icans Barneby
"sh i n i ng m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
I nyo
390C, 391 A, 391 D
Desert dunes; elevation 850-1 1 75
meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms March-June.
Known only from dunes in Eureka Valley,
within Death Val ley NP. Habitat previously
degraded by vertical traffic; populations
recovering well, but stil l threatened by ver­
tical trespass, foot traffic, and recreation,
and possibly by non-native Russian thistle.
Recovery plan has been completed by
BLM. See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 8(1 ):22
( 1 956) for original description, Memoirs of
the New York Botanical Garden 1 3:952-953
( 1 964) for taxonomic treatment, and Bio­
logical Conservation 46:21 7-242 ( 1 988) for
population biology.
Astragalus lentiginosus Hook. var.
piscinensis Barneby
"Fish Slough m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Federal Threatened
I nyo, Mono
41 3B, 41 3C, 432A, 432C
Playas (alkaline); elevation 1 1 30-1 300
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms June-J u ly.
Known from eight occurrences near Fish
Slough, totalling about 3200 individual
plants as of 1 992. Threatened by fisheries
development, hydrological alteration,
agriculture, tram pling and grazing, and
veh icles. Protected in part at Fish Slough
ACEC ( BLM ). See Brittonia 29:376-381
( 1 977) for original descri ption.
Astragalus lentiginosus var.
semotus
Considered but rejected : too common
Astragalus lentiginosus Hook. var.
sesq uimetralis ( Ryd b. ) Barne by
"Sodavi l le m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2
State Endangered
I nyo; Nevada
390A
Meadows and seeps (alkaline); elevation
955-965 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-J uly.
Known in Cal iforn ia from only one occur­
rence at Big Sand Spring, in Death Val ley
NP. Only two occurrences known in Neva­
da, both on private land. Most of Califor­
nia occurrence protected by new fencing
errected by BLM i n 1 996; u nfenced por­
tion sti ll threatened by trampling and
vehicles. State-listed as Critically Endan­
gered in Nevada. See North American Flora
24:41 4 ( 1 929) for origi nal description,
and Brittonia 29:3 76-381 ( 1 977) for dis­
cussion of California occurrence.
Astragalus lentiginosus Hook. var.
sierrae Jones
"Big Bear Valley m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
San Bernard ino
1 05A, 1 05B, 1 30C, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 D
Mojavean desert scrub, meadows and
seeps, pi nyon and juniper woodland,
upper montane con iferous forest / grav­
elly or rocky; elevation 1 800-2600
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms Apri l-August.
Known only from Big Bear Valley and the
Baldwin Lake region, where it is threat­
ened by urbanization. See Revision ofNorth
American Species ofAstragalus, p. 1 24 ( 1 923)
by M . E. Jones for original description,
and Memoirs ofthe New York Botanical Garden
1 3 :925 ( 1 964) for taxonomic treatment.

Astragalus leucolobus Jones
" Big Bear Valley wool lypod" Fabaceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernard i no,
San Diego?
65C, 1 04B, 1 05A, 1 05B, 1 30C, 1 3 1 C,
1 3 1 D, 1 34B, 1 34C, 1 34D
Lower montane coniferous forest, pebble
(pavement) plain, pi nyon and juniper
woodland, u pper montane coniferous
forest I rocky; elevation 1 750-2665
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Does plant occur in San Diego Cou nty?
Threatened by development and vehicles.
Astragalus macrodon ( H. & A.)
Gray
"Salinas m i l k-vetch " Fabaceae
List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -3
Kern, Monterey, San Benito, San Luis
Obispo
Chaparral (openi ngs), cismontane wood­
land, valley and footh i l l grassland / sand­
stone, shale, or serpentinite; elevation
250-950 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-July.
Astragalus magdalenae Greene var.
peirsonii ( M u nz & McBurn . )
Barne by
" Peirson's m i l k-vetch " Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
State Endangered/Federal
Threatened
I mperial, San Diego( * ? ) ; Arizona, Baja
Cal i fornia, Sonora (Mexico)
2A, 2B, 1 3C, 1 4A, 1 4B, 1 4D, 27C, 28A,
28D, 30A, 30D, 47D( * ? )
Desert dunes; elevation 55-250 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms Decem ber-April.
Known i n California from fewer than
twenty occurrences. Plant not seen in San
Diego Cou nty in several decades; extant
in San Diego County? Threatened by vehi­
cles in the Algodones Du nes. See Bulletin
ofthe Southern California Academy ofSciences
3 1 :67 ( 1 932) for original description, and
Memoirs ofthe New York Botanical Garden
1 3: 928 ( 1 964) for taxonomic treatment.
Astragalus miguelensis Greene
"San M iguel I sland m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Anacapa Island, San Clemente Island,
Santa Cruz Island, San Miguel Island,
Santa Rosa Island
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal d u nes,
coastal scrub; elevation 3-1 50 meters.
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Perennial herb, blooms March-J uly.
Blooms intermittently throughout the
year. See Pittonia 1 :33 ( 1 887) for original
descri ption.
Astragalus mohavensis Wats. var.
hemigyrus (Clokey) Barneby
"curved-pod milk-vetch" Fabaceae
List 1 A
I nyo* ; Nevada
327D*
Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean
desert scrub / carbonate; elevation
1 250-1 600 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-June.
Known i n California from o n e record
from Darwin Mesa in 1 941 . Field work
needed . State-listed as Critically Endan­
gered i n Nevada, where collection in
1 985 was fi rst since 1 939. See Madroiio
6(7):220 ( 1 942 ) for original description,
Aliso 2:207 ( 1 950) for revised nomencla­
ture, and Memoirs ofthe New York Botanical
Garden 1 3 : 1 025 ( 1 964) for taxonomic
treatment.
Astragalus monoensis Barneby var.
monoensis
"Mono m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
State Rare
Mono
433C, 434A, 434B, 45 1 C, 452A, 452B,
452C, 453D
Great Basin scrub, upper montane conif­
erous forest I pum ice, gravelly or sandy;
elevation 2 1 1 0-3355 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-August.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Threatened by road maintenance,
vehicles, and sheep grazing. See Leaflets of
Western Botany 4:55 ( 1 944) for original
description, and Systematic Botany 8(4):423
( 1 983) for revised nomenclature.
Astragalus monoensis Barneby var.
ravenii ( Barneby) Isley
"Raven's m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-3
Fresno, I nyo, Mono
373A, 373B, 41 4B, 45 1 C
Alpine boulder and rock field, upper
montane coniferous forest / gravel ly;
elevation 3355-3460 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J uly-Septem ber.
89
Known from approximately five occur­
rences. See Aliso 4: 1 3 1 ( 1 958) for original
description, Memoirs ofthe New York Botani­
cal Garden 1 3:967-968 ( 1 964) for taxo­
nomic treatment, and Systematic Botany
8( 4 ):423 ( 1 983) for revised nomenclature.
Astragalus nevinii Gray
"San Clemente Island milk-vetch" Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
San Clemente Island
SCMC, SCMN
Coastal dunes, coastal scrub, valley and
foothill grassland; elevation 5-225
meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms February-J uly.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Reduced by feral herbivores; feral
goats now removed from the island .
Astragalus nutans Jones
" Providence Mou ntains m i l k-vetch"
Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
I m perial, Riverside, San Bernardino
Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean
desert scrub, pi nyon and jun iper wood­
land, Sonoran desert scru b / sandy or
gravel ly; elevation 450-1 950 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-October.
Astragalus nuttallii (T. & G . ) J .T.
Howel l var. nuttallii
" N uttall's m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Alameda*, Monterey, Santa Barbara,
San Francisco*, San Luis Obispo, San
Mateo
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal du nes;
elevation 3-1 20 meters.
Perennial herb, bloomsJan uary­
November.
See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 5( 6): 1 07
( 1 948) for revised nomenclature.
Astragalus oocarpus Gray
"San Diego m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
San Diego
20A, 20B, 20D, 2 1 D, 33A, 33B, 33C,
33D, 34A, 49D
Chaparral (openi ngs), cismontane wood­
land; elevation 305-1 500 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-August.
Known from approxi mately twenty occur­
rences. Threatened by development, road
maintenance, and recreation.

90 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Astragalus oophorus Wats. var.
lavinii Barneby
" Lavi n 's m i l k-vetch"
Fabaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-2
Mono; Nevada
487C, 487D
Great Basin scrub; elevation 2450-3050
meters.
Perennial herb, bloomsJune.
Known in Cal i fornia only from the Bodie
H i l ls. On watch l ist i n Nevada. See Britto­
nia 36(2): 1 67-1 73 ( 1 984) for original
description.
Astragalus oophorus Wats. var.
oophorus
"egg m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
I nyo, Mono; Nevada
Great Basin scrub, pinyon and juniper
woodland, subalpine coniferous forest /
gravelly or sandy; elevation 1 500-3 1 70
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May.
See Botany ofthe King Exploration, p. 73
( 1 871 ) for original descri ption.
Astragalus pachypus Greene var.
jaegeri M u nz & McBurn ey
"Jaeger's m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3
Riverside, San Diego
48A, 48C, 49A, 49B, SOB, 67C, 84A,
84B, 84C, 85D
Chaparral, cismontane wood land,
coastal scrub, valley and footh ill grass­
land / sandy or rocky; elevation 365-91 5
meters.
Shrub, blooms December-June.
Known from about six occurrences; to be
looked for in northern San Diego County,
west ofWarner Springs. Some habitat
probably lost d u ri ng creation ofVail
Lake; also threatened by urban ization.
See Bulletin ofthe Southern Academy ofSci­
ences 3 1 :67 (1 932) for original descrip­
tion, and Memoirs ofthe New York Botanical
Garden1 3:489 (1 964) for taxonomic
treatment.
Astragalus panamintensis
Considered but rejected: too common
Astragalus pauperculus Greene
" depau perate m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Butte, Placer, Shasta, Tehama, Yu ba
Chaparral, cismontane wood land, valley
and foothill grassland / vernally mesic,
volcanic; elevation 60-855 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-June.
See Systematic Botany 1 7(3 ):367-379
( 1 992) for distributional i nformation.
Astragalus platytropis Gray
"broad-keeled m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
I nyo, Mono; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon,
Utah, and elsewhere
369B, 369C, 372A, 41 0C, 41 2B, 41 3A,
488A, 488B, 488D, 489C
Alpine boulder and rock field , pinyon and
j un iper woodland, subalpine coniferous
forest / rocky; elevation 2345-3550
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms June-September.
Threatened by grazing, tram pl ing, and
vehicles. On review l ist i n Oregon. See
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
and Sciences 6:526 ( 1 865) for original
description, and Memoirs ofthe New York
Botanical Garden 1 3:979-981 (1 964) for
taxonomic treatment.
Astragalus preussii Gray var.
laxiflorus Gray
" Lancaster m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-2
Los Angeles; Arizona, Nevada
1 6 1 A, 1 6 1 B
Chenopod scrub; elevation 700-700
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-May.
Known in Cal iforn ia only from near Lan­
caster, where extremely rare; only report­
ed once in recent years. Field work
needed. See Proceedings ofthe American
Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 3:369 ( 1 878)
for original description, and Memoirs of
the New York Botanical Garden 1 3:576
( 1 964) for taxonomic treatment.
Astragalus preussii Gray var.
preuss11
" Preuss's m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1 -1
I nyo, San Bernardino; Arizona, Nevada,
Utah
273C, 273D
,,
Chenopod scrub, Mojavean desert scru b /
clay; elevation 750-780 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Known i n California from only one or
two occurrences. Field work needed . See
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
and Sciences 6:222 ( 1 864) for original
description, and Memoirs ofthe New York
Botanical Garden 1 3:575-576 (1 964) for
taxonomic treatment.
Astragalus pseudiodanthus
Barne by
"Tonopah m i l k-vetch " Fabaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-2
Mono; Nevada
469B, 469D
Great Basin scrub (stabilized dunes);
elevation 2025-2075 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Known i n Cal ifornia from fewer than ten
occurrences. Threatened by grazi ng. See
Leaflets of Western Botany 3:99 ( 1 942) for
original descri ption, and Systematic
Botany 8:422 ( 1 983) for alternate taxo­
nomic treatment as A. iodanthus var.
pseudiodanthus.
Astragalus pulsiferae Gray var.
pulsiferae
" Pulsifer's m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 1 8 I RED 3-2-2
Lassen, Plumas, Sierra; Nevada
586A, 586C, 586D, 587D, 604C
Great Basin scrub, lower montane con if­
erous forest, pi nyon and jun iper wood­
land I volcanic, sandy or rocky; elevation
1 300-1 800 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
Need q uads for Sierra County. Threat­
ened by development. On watch l ist i n
Nevada. See Proceedings ofthe American
Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 0:69 ( 1 874)
for original description, and Memoirs of
the New York Botanical Garden 1 3:970-972
(1 964) for taxonomic treatment.
Astragalus pulsiferae Gray var.
suksdorfii ( H owel l ) Barneby
"Su ksdorf's m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-2
Lassen, Modoc, Plumas, Shasta; Nevada,
Oregon, Washi ngton
587B, 603C, 606B, 621 A, 624C, 625D,
638B, 638C, 638D, 639A, 639B, 639C,
6408, 642C, 642D, 643A, 644A, 644D,
656C, 657C, 675A, 676B, 676D, 692A,
6920

Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­
erous forest, pinyon and j u n iper wood­
land / volcan ic, clay, often gravelly or
rocky; elevation 1 300- 1 950 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-August.
On watch l ist in Nevada, and state-l ist­
ed as Endangered in Washi ngton. See
Erythea 1 : 1 1 1 ( 1 893 ) for original descrip­
tion, and Memoirs ofthe New York Botanical
Garden 1 3 :968-971 ( 1 964 ) for taxonomic
treatment.
Astragalus pycnostachyus Gray var.
lanosissimus ( Ryd b. ) M u nz &
McBurn.
"Ventura marsh milk-vetch" Fabaceae
List: 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal­
proposed, Endangered
Los Angeles*, Orange * , Ventura
72A*, 90B*, 1 1 1 0* , 1 1 2 0 * , 1 1 4B,
1 41 0*
Coastal d unes, marshes and swamps
(edges, coastal salt); elevation 1 -3 5
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms June-October.
Rediscovered near Oxnard in 1 997; now
known from only one occurrence. Threat­
ened by development. See North American
Flora 24:357-358 ( 1 929 ) for original
descri ption, and Memoirs ofthe New York
Botanical Garden 1 3 :81 3 ( 1 964 ) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Astragalus pycnostachyus A. Gray
var. pycnostachyus
"coastal marsh m i l k-vetch " Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
H u m boldt*, Marin, San Mateo
409A ( * ? ) , 409B ( * ? ) , 429B, 429C,
467B*, 485C, 4850, 637B*, 672C*
Coastal d u nes ( mesic), marshes and
swamps (coastal salt, streamsides);
elevation 0-30 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-October.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
Possibly threatened by cattle trampl ing
and erosion. See Proceedings ofthe American
Academy ofArts and Sciences 6:526 ( 1 865 )
for original description, and Memoirs ofthe
New York Botanical Garden 1 3 : 8 1 1 -8 1 3
( 1 964 ) for taxonomic treatment.
C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Astragalus rattani i Gray var.
jepsonianus Barneby
"Jepson's m i l k-vetch " Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Colusa, Glenn, Lake, Napa, Tehama,
Yolo
5 1 6A, 5 1 6B, 5 1 7A, 5320, 533C, 533 0,
547B, 547C, 548A, 564A, 5640, 6 1 2 B
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, valley
and foothill grassland / often serpenti­
n ite; elevation 320-700 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J une.
Most occu rrences small and widely scat­
tered . See Aliso 4 : 1 3 7 ( 1 958 ) for original
descri ption, Memoirs ofthe New York Botan­
ical Garden 1 3 : 1 0 5 2 ( 1 964 ) for taxonom­
ic treatment, and Systematic Botany 1 7(3 ) :
3 6 7-3 7 9 ( 1 992 ) for d i stri butional i nfor­
mation.
Astragalus rattanii Gray var.
rattan i i
" Rattan's m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Colusa, Glenn, H u m boldt, Lake, Mendo­
cino, Sonoma, Tehama, Trin ity
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
montane coniferous forest / gravelly
stream banks; elevation 30-825 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-July.
See Systematic Botany 1 7( 3 ) :367-379
( 1 992 ) for distri b utional i nformation.
Astragalus ravenii
See Astragalus monoensis var. ravenii
Astragalus sepultipes
Considered but rejected: too common
Astragalus serenoi var. serenoi
Considered but rejected: not in Californ ia
Astragalus serenoi ( Ku ntze) Sheld
var. shockleyi Uones) Barneby
"naked m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
I nyo, Mono; Nevada
350B, 350C, 3 9 1 B, 392B, 392C, 3920,
4 1 1 C, 41 1 0, 41 2 B, 4 1 2C, 43 1 A
Chenopod scrub, Great Basin scrub,
pinyon and juniper wood land / alkal i ne,
granitic alluvium; elevation 1 500-22 5 0
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-Ju ly.
91
See Proceedings ofthe California Academy
ofSciences I I 5 : 6 5 9 ( 1 89 5 ) for origi nal
description, and Brittonia 36 ( 2 ) : 1 67-
1 73 ( 1 984 ) for revised nomenclature.
Astragalus shevockii Barneby
"Shevock's m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-3
Tulare
307B, 308A
Upper montane coniferous forest
(granitic, sandy); elevation 1 890-1 965
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-July.
See Brittonia 29:376-381 ( 1 977 ) for origi­
nal description.
Astragalus subvestitus U eps.)
Barne by
" Kern County m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Kern, Tu lare
Great Basin scrub, meadows and seeps,
pinyon and j u n i per woodland / gravelly
or sandy; elevation 2450-2750 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J une-J u ly.
See Flora ofCalifornia 2 ( 1 ) :361 ( 1 936 ) by
W.L. Jepson for original description, and
Memoirs ofthe New York Botanical Garden
1 3 :685-686 ( 1 964 ) for revised nomen­
clature.
Astragalus tegetarioides
See Astragalus anxius
Astragalus tener Gray var. ferrisiae
Liston
" Ferris's m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Butte, Colusa*, Glenn, Solano*, Sutter*,
Yolo*
497B*, 497C*, 4980*, 530B*, 544A*,
546A* , 5460*, 560B, 5 6 1 A, 5 6 1 B,
562B, 577C, 593C*
Meadows and seeps (vernally mesic), val­
ley and footh i l l grassland (subalkaline
Aats); elevation 5-75 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
Rediscovered i n 1 989 by V. Oswald in
Butte Sink WA (OFG); known only from
four extant occurrences. Most h istorical
habitat destroyed by agriculture. See Brit­
tonia 42 ( 2 ) : 1 00-1 04 ( 1 990 ) for original
description, and Systematic Botany
1 7(3 ):367-379 ( 1 992) for distributional
information.
92 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Astragalus tener Gray var. tener
"alkali m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Alameda, Contra Costa* , Merced, Mon­
terey*, Napa, San Benito*, Santa Clara*,
San Francisco*, San Joaq u i n * , Solano,
Sonoma*, Stanislaus*, Yolo
365B*, 385B*, 385C*, 403A, 423 B*,
423C, 423D, 424A* , 427B, 428A*,
445B*, 447A*, 447B*, 447D*, 462A*,
463C*, 465A*, 465C*, 466A*, 466C*,
466D*, 481 B, 481 D, 482A, 483A, 484B*,
497B, 498A*, 498C, 498D, 499D*,
500D* , 51 3B, 5 1 3C, 51 4A*, 5 1 4D*
Playas, valley and footh ill grassland
(adobe clay), vernal pools / alkal ine;
elevation 1 -60 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-June.
Last collection i n Bay Area from 1 95 9 .
Threatened b y habitat destruction, espe­
cially agricultural conversion, and pro­
tected only at J epson Prairie Preserve,
Solano County. See Proceedings ofthe
American Academy ofArts and Sciences
6 : 206 ( 1 864) for origi nal description,
and Systematic Botany 1 7(3 ):367-379
( 1 992) for distri butional information.
Astragalus tener Gray var. titi
( Eastw. ) Barneby
"coastal d u nes m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Los Angeles*, Monterey, San Diego(*?)
1 1 B*, 22B(*?), 36B( * ? ), 90A*, 1 1 2 D*,
366C
Coastal bluff scrub (sandy), coastal
dunes, coastal prarie ( mesic); elevation
1 -50 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Known from only one occurrence on the
Monterey Pen i nsula. San Diego County
occurrences have not been documented
since the 1 970's, despite rediscovery
attempts in the 1 980's. Threatened by
u rbanization, recreational activities, and
non-native plants. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey
Botanical Club 3 2 : 1 95-1 96 ( 1 905) for
original description, and Memoirs ofthe
New York Botanical Garden 1 3 : 1 048 ( 1 964)
for taxonomic treatment.
Astragalus traskiae Eastw.
"Trask's m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
State Rare
Santa Barbara Island, San Nicolas Island
SBRA, SNIC
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal d u n es,
coastal scrub; elevation 5-245 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms February-J u ly.
Populations on Santa Barbara Island
decli ned severely i n the late 1 980's. Possi­
bly th reatened by Navy activities on San
Nicolas Island. See Proceedings ofthe Cali­
fornia Academy ofSciences I l l 1 : 1 02 ( 1 898)
for original description, and Memoirs of
the New York Botanical Garden 1 3 :461 -463
( 1 964) for taxonomic treatment.
Astragalus tricarinatus Gray
"tri ple-ribbed m i l k-vetch " Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Federal Endangered
Riverside, San Bernard ino
64C, 65D, 83A, 83B, 1 04C, 1 04D
Joshua tree "woodland", Sonoran desert
scrub / sandy or gravel ly; elevation
450-830 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms February-May.
Known from approximately eight occur­
rences, totalling fewer than 1 00 plants.
Possibly threatened by pipeline mainte­
nance and veh icles.
Astragalus trichopodus var.
lonchus
Considered but rejected: too common
Astragalus trichopodus var.
trichopodus
Considered but rejected: too common
Astragalus u mbraticus Sheld.
" Bald Mou ntain m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 2 / RED 2- 1 - 1
Humboldt; Oregon
670B, 671 A, 671 B, 671 D, 687B, 687D,
688B, 688D, 704C
Cismontane woodland, lower montane
coniferous forest; elevation 1 50-1 250
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Possibly threatened by loggi ng. On watch
l ist in Oregon.
Astragalus webberi Gray
"Webber's m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Plumas, Sierra
605C, 605 D, 606D
Lower montane coniferous forest;
elevation 800- 1 220 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Known from approximately ten occur­
rences. Undocumented in Sierra County;
need quads. See Botany ofCalifornia 1 : 1 54
( 1 876) for original description.
Astragalus whitneyi Gray var.
lenophyllus ( Ryd b.) Barne by
"woolly-leaved m i l k-vetch" Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Alpine, Butte, Nevada, Placer, Plumas,
Sierra
Alpine boulder and rock field, subalpine
coniferous forest ( rocky); elevation
2 1 35-3050 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
See North American Flora 24(6):341 ( 1 929)
for original description, and Aliso 2(3):205
( 1 950) for revised nomenclature.
Astrolepis cochisensis
See Astrolepis cochisensis ssp. cochisensis
Astrolepis cochisensis (Good d . )
Benham & Wi nd ham ssp.
cochisensis
"scaly cloak fern" Pteridaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1
San Bernard i no; Arizona, Baja California,
New Mexico, and elsewhere
249C, 249D
Joshua tree "woodland", pinyon and
j u n i per woodland / carbonate; elevation
900-1 800 meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), fertile
April-October.
Need quad for occu rrence in the Provi­
dence Mtns. See Muhlenbergia 8 : 93 ( 1 9 1 2)
for original description, Madrano 25(1 ):57
( 1 978) for distributional information,
Phytologia 41 (6):431 -437 ( 1 979) for
nomenclature, Americanjournal ofBotany
75: 1 38 ( 1 988) for taxonomic discussion,
and American Fernjournal 82(2):57 ( 1 992)
for revised nomenclature.
Atractylocarpus flagellaceus ( C
M u e l l . ) Wi l liams
Dicranaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Trinity; and elsewhere
668C
Cismontane woodland; elevation
1 00-500 meters.
Moss.
Known in California from only one occur­
rence near Helena. Disjunct from Mexico
and South America. See Syn. Muse. Frond
2:597 ( 1 95 1 ) for original descri ption,
and The Bryologist 3 1 : 1 1 0 ( 1 928) for
revised nomenclature.

Atriplex argentea N utt. var.
hillmanii J o n es
" H i l l man's silverscale" Chenopod iaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Lassen, Modoc?, Plumas; Nevada, Oregon
587D
Great Basin scrub, meadows and seeps I
alkal ine; elevation 1 200-1 700 meters.
Annual herb, blooms J une-September.
Does plant occur in Modoc County?
Need q uads for Lassen Cou nty. See Con­
tributions to Western Botany 1 1 : 2 1 (1 903)
for original description.
Atriplex cordulata jeps.
"heartsca\e" Chenopod i aceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Alameda, Contra Costa, Butte, Fresno,
Glenn, Kings, Kern, Madera, Merced , San
Joaq u i n * , Solano, Stan islaus*, Tulare,
Yolo*
2 1 5B, 2 1 6A, 2 1 6C, 242A, 242D, 264B,
287B, 287C, 288A, 288B, 288C, 288D,
334C, 359A* , 359B, 360A, 380C*,
381 A*, 381 B, 381 D, 401 B*, 40 1 D* ,
403A, 403 B * , 403C*, 403D, 422C,
423C, 423D, 424A* , 445B, 463C, 463D,
464A, 48 1 A, 481 C, 481 0, 498D, 5 1 3C*,
561 D, 562B
Chenopod scrub, meadows and seeps,
valley and footh ill grassland (sandy) /
sal ine or alkal i ne; elevation 1 -375
meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms April-October.
Need q uads for King and San Joaquin
counties. Similar to A. coronata var.
coronata.
Atriplex coronata Wars. var.
coronata
"crownscale" Chenopod i aceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Alameda, Contra Costa, Fresno, Kings,
Kern, Glenn, Merced, Monterey, San
Joaq u i n ? , San Luis Obispo, Solano,
Stan islaus
Chenopod scrub, valley and foothill
grassland, vernal pools / alkal ine;
elevation 1 -590 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-October.
Does plant occur in San Joaq u i n County?
Simi lar to A. cordulata and A. vallicola. See
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
and Sciences 9: 1 1 4 ( 1 874) for original
descri ption.
Atriplex coronata Wats. var.
notatior Jeps.
"San Jaci nto Valley crownscale"
Chenopodiaceae
C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Federal Endangered
Riverside
68A, 69A, 84C*, 85A, 85C, 85D
Playas, valley and footh i l l grassland
( mesic), vernal pools / alkaline; elevation
380-500 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-August.
Known from one extended but fragment­
ed population in the San Jacinto Valley.
Threatened by flood control, agriculture,
urbanization, vehicles, and pipel ine con­
struction. See A Flora ofCalifornia 1 ( 4):437
( 1 9 1 4) by W.L. Jepson for original
descri ption.
Atri p lex coulteri ( M og . ) D. D i etr.
"Cou lter's saltbush" Chenopod iaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
Anacapa Island, Los Angeles, Orange,
Riverside, Santa Barbara, San Bernar­
d i no, San Clemente Island , Santa Catali­
na Island, Santa Cruz Island, San Diego,
San Miguel Island, Santa Rosa Island;
Baja Cal iforn ia
1 OC, 1 1 A, 1 1 B, 1 1 D, 22C, 34A, 49D, 52B,
70C, 7 1 A, 71 B, 71 D, 85C, 87� 1 1 3D,
1 42A, 1 42B, 1 43A, 1 45B, 1 70C, ANAC,
SCMC, SCTN, SCTS, SCTW, SCZA, SCZB,
SCZC, SCZD, SMIE, SROE, SRON
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal du nes,
coastal scrub, valley and foothill grass­
land / al kal ine or clay; elevation 3-460
meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms March-October.
Few recent sightings. Need q uads for
Riverside County. Threatened by develop­
ment, and probably by feral herbivores.
Atriplex depressa J eps.
" brittlescale" Chenopod i aceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Alameda, Butte, Contra Costa, Colusa,
Fresno, Glenn, Kern, Madera, Merced,
Solano, Stanislaus*, Tu lare, Yolo
265A, 288C, 334B* , 335B*, 358C*,
359A, 359B, 359D*, 360A, 381 A* ,
401 B*, 40 1 D*, 402A, 423B*, 423D,
424A* , 443 B*, 445B, 463C, 463D,
48 1 B, 481 D, 498D, 5 1 3B, 5 1 3C, 5 1 4A*,
546A, 546D, 547A, 561 D, 562B, 562D,
564A, 578C*
Chenopod scrub, meadows and seeps,
playas, valley and footh ill grassland, ver­
nal pools / alkali ne, clay; elevation 1 -320
meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms May-October.
93
Threatened by development, grazing, and
trampling. Closely related to A. minuscula
and A. parishii; a synonym of the latter in A
California Flora ( 1 959) by P. Munz. See Pit­
tonia 2:304 ( 1 892) for original description.
Atriplex erecticaulis Stutz, Chu &
Sand erson
" Earl i m art orache" Chenopod iaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Kings, Kern, Tulare
264B, 287B, 287C, 288A, 288B, 288D,
3 1 2A
Valley and foothi l l grassland; elevation
40-1 00 meters.
Annual herb, blooms August-September.
Not in TheJepson Manual. See Madrano
44( 1 ):89 ( 1 997) for original description.
Atriplex gardneri ( M o g . ) D. Dietr
var. falcata U o n es) Welsh
"falcate saltbush" Chenopod iaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Lassen, Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon ,
Utah , Washington, Wyom i ng, a n d else­
where
620C, 6 2 1 A, 621 C, 638C, 639D, 640C,
640D, 6 9 1 A, 693A, 708D
Chenopod scrub, Great Basin scrub /
often alkal ine; elevation 1 200-1 700
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
See Contributions to Western Botany 1 1 : 1 9
( 1 903) for origi nal description, and Great
Basin Naturalist 44( 2 ): 1 9 1 ( 1 984) for
revised nomenclature.
Atriplex joaquiniana A . Nels.
"San Joaq u i n spearscale" Chenopod iaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Alameda, Contra Costa, Colusa, Glenn,
Merced, Monterey, Napa, Sacramento,
San Benito, Santa Clara*, San Joaq u i n * ,
Solano, Tu lare*, Yolo
340D, 385B*, 385C, 403A, 403B,
406 D*, 423C, 427B, 445B, 446A,
462A* , 463A, 463 B, 463C, 463D, 464A,
464B*, 464C* , 465D*, 480B*, 480C*,
48 1 B, 481 D, 482A, 483A, 498C*, 498D,
499D, SOOD, 5 1 1 A, 5 1 3B, 5 1 3C, 530B*,
547A, 547C, 562B, 564A, 578C*
Chenopod scrub, meadows and seeps,
playas, valley and footh i l l grassland /
alkaline; elevation 1 -320 meters.
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-October.
Need historical quads for Tu lare County.
Threatened by grazing, agricu lture, and
development. See Proceedings ofthe Biologi­
cal Society of Washington 1 7:99 ( 1 904) for
original descri ption.
94 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Atriplex minuscula Stand ! .
" l esser saltscale" Chenopod iaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Butte, Fresno, Madera, Merced * , Tu lare*
2S7C* , 2SSD*, 359B, 359D*, 3 S 1 A,
3S1 B, 3 S 1 C, 3S 1 D, 40 1 B*, 401 C,
402A* , 561 D
Chenopod scrub, playas, valley and
footh ill grassland / alkali ne, sandy;
elevation 1 5-200 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-October.
Known from approximately five extant
occurrences. Need historical quads for
Tu lare County. Historical occurrences
extirpated by agricultu re. Closely related
to A. depressa and A. parishii; a synonym of
the latter in A California Flora ( 1 959) by P.
Mu nz. See North American Flora 21 : 5 1
( 1 9 1 6) for original description.
Atriplex pacifica A. Nels.
"South Coast saltscale" Chenopod iaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-2
Anacapa Island, Los Angeles, Orange,
Riverside, San Clemente Island, Santa
Catalina Island, Santa Cruz Island, San
Diego, San N icolas Island, Santa Rosa
Island, Ventura*; Arizona, Baja Califor­
n ia, Sonora (Mexico)
1 OC( * ?), 1 1 B, 22A, 22B, 22C*, 52A,
52D, 6SA, 7 1 B * , 71 D, 73A, S5C, S5D,
90C*, 1 4 1 0* , ANAC, SCTE, SCTN,
SCTS, SCZB, SCZC, SNIC
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal du nes,
coastal scrub, playas; elevation 0-1 00
meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-October.
Appears rare throughout range. Many
known occurrences extirpated ; need
information. Most Channel Islands con­
tain only a few occurrences each. Need
quads for San Clemente and Santa Rosa
islands. Greatly reduced by u rban ization
on main land . See Proceedings ofthe Biologi­
cal Society of Washington 1 7:99 ( 1 904) for
original descri ption.
Atriplex parishii Wats.
" Parish's brittlescale" Chenopod iaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2
Los Angeles*, Orange*, Riverside, San
Bernardino*, San Diego*; Baja California
66D*, 6SA, 71 B?*, 71 D * , 72A?* , S3D*,
S5C, S9C*, 90C*, 1 1 1 A* , 1 1 1 C* ,
1 3 1 D*
Chenopod scrub, playas, vernal pools;
elevation 25-1 900 meters.
Annual herb, blooms J u ne-October.
Plant col lected only once ( i n 1 993) i n
California since 1 974; probably sti ll
extant in Baja Cal ifornia. Threatened by
development, agricultural conversion,
and grazing. Taxonomic reeval uation
indicates plant is only from southern Cal­
ifornia, but is closely related to more
northern A. depressa and A. minuscula. See
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
and Sciences 1 7:377 ( 1 SS2) for original
description.
Atriplex patula ssp. spicata
See Atriplexjoaquiniana
Atriplex persistens Stutz & C h u
"vernal pool smal lscale" Chenopod iaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Glenn, Merced, Solano, Stanislaus*,
Tu lare
2S7B, 2SSA* , 40 1 B, 402A, 402 B, 403A,
422C, 422 D * , 423 D, 424A*, 49SD,
562B
Vernal pools (alkal ine); elevation 1 0-1 1 5
meters.
Annual herb, blooms July-October.
Possi bly threatened by agricultu re and
flood control activities. Not i n TheJepson
Manual. See Madrano 40( 4 ):209-2 1 3
( 1 993) for original descri ption.
Atriplex serenana A. Nels. var.
davidsonii (Sta n d ! . ) M u nz
" Davidson's saltscale" Chenopod iaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-2
Los Angeles( * ?), Orange, Riverside,
Santa Barbara*, Santa Catalina Island,
Santa Cruz Island * , San Diego, Santa
Rosa Island, Ventura; Baja California
71 A, 71 B, 71 D, 73A( *?), S5D, SSA,
1 1 1 D* , 1 40B, 1 42 B * , SCZC*
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub / alka­
line; elevation 1 0-200 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-October.
Is plant extirpated from Los Angeles
Cou nty? Known from Santa Cruz Island
from a single collection in 1 930. Need
q uads for San Diego Cou nty and Santa
Catalina and Santa Rosa islands. See
North American Flora 21 :57 ( 1 9 1 6 ) for
original description.
Atriplex subtilis Stutz & G . L. Chu
"subtle orache" Chenopod iaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Butte, Fresno, Kings, Kern, Madera,
Merced, Tu lare
241 B, 264C, 2S7B, 2SSA, 3 1 0B, 3 1 2A,
334C, 334D, 359B, 40 1 B, 401 D, 402D,
561 0
Valley and foothi l l grassland; elevation
40-1 00 meters.
Annual herb, blooms August-October.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Not in TheJepson Manual. See
Madrano 44( 2 ): 1 S4 ( 1 997) for original
description.
Atriplex tularensis Cov.
" Bakersfield smallscale" Chenopod iaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered
Kern( * ? )
2 1 4B( *?), 2 1 5A* , 239C*
Chenopod scrub; elevation 90-200
meters.
Annual herb, blooms J u ne-October.
Possibly extinct. Three historical occur­
rences extirpated by agriculture; only
remaining occurrence at Kern Lake Pre­
serve is probably an undescribed form of
A. serenana, not A. tularensis as previously
thought. I m mediate taxonomic study
warranted. Threatened by lowering of
water table and hybridization with A. sere­
nana. See Contributions from the U.S. Nation­
al Herbarium 4: 1 S2 ( 1 S93) for original
descri ption, and Fremontia 1 9( 2 ): 1 5-1 S
( 1 99 1 ) for species account and discus­
sion of management.
Atriplex vallicola Hoov.
" Lost H i l ls crownscale" Chenopod iaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Fresno, Kings, Kern, Merced, San Luis
Obispo
2 1 6B, 2 1 SA, 2 1 SB, 241 C, 241 D, 242A,
242C, 242D, 243C, 244D, 265B*, 2650,
266A, 2S9C, 2900, 359B, 3S 1 C, 3S3B
Chenopod scrub, valley and foothill
grassland, vernal pools / alkaline;
elevation 50-635 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-August.
Threatened by grazi ng, agricultu ral con­
version, and energy development. Plants
from San Luis Obispo County are proba­
bly an un named new taxon . See Leaflets of
Western Botany 2(S): 1 30-1 3 1 ( 1 93S) for
original descri ption.
Ayenia compacta Rose
"aye n ia" Stercu l iaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1
Riverside, San Bernard i no, San Diego;
Arizona, Baja California, Sonora ( Mexico)
7B, 1 SC, 1 9A, 1 9 B, 1 90, 200, 32A, 32B,
32C, 3 2 D, 33A, 47C, 47D, 6 1 B, 62B,
64C, 65B, 65C, 66A, 790, S3 0, 1 76A

Mojavean desert scrub, Sonoran desert
scru b / rocky; elevation 1 50- 1 095
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-Apri l .
Azolla mexicana C. Pres!
"Mexican mosqu ito fern" Azol laceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
Butte, Kern, Lake, Modoc, Nevada,
Plumas, Santa Clara, San Diego, Tulare;
Arizona, Baja California, Guadalupe
Island (Mexico), Idaho, Nevada, New
Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washi ngton, and
elsewhere
Marshes and swamps ( ponds, slow
water); elevation 30-1 00 meters.
Ann u al/peren nial herb, ferti le August.
Too com mon? Difficult to distinguish
from A. filiculoides, which is common. See
American Fernjournal 34(3 ): 69-84 ( 1 944)
for a review of New World Azolla.
Baccharis malibuensis Beaucham p
& H enrickson
" M alibu baccharis" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Los Angeles
1 1 2C, 1 1 3 D
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal
scrub; elevation 1 50-260 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms August.
Known only from four occurrences near
Malibu Lake in the Santa Monica Mtns. ;
fewer than 1 00 individuals a s o f 1 995.
Threatened by u rban ization. Not in The
Jepson Manual. See Aliso 1 4(3 ):202 ( 1 995)
for original description.
Baccharis plummerae Gray ssp.
glabrata Hoov.
"San Simeon baccharis" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Monterey, San Luis Obispo
271 A, 271 B, 2 72A, 296D
Coastal scrub; elevation 50-480 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms June.
Known only from three occurrences.
Probably threatened by grazing. See
Vascular Plants ofSan Luis Obispo County,
p. 302 ( 1 970) by R. Hoover for original
descri ption.
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 95
Baccharis plummerae Gray ssp. Known only from the area of Shasta and
plum merae Scott valleys. See Annals ofthe Missouri
Botanical Garden 2 2 : 1 30 ( 1 935) for origi­
" Pl u m m er's baccharis" Asteraceae nal descri ption.
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Anacapa Island, Los Angeles, Santa Bar­ Balsamorhiza macrolepis Sharp
bara, Santa Cruz Island, San Luis Obis­
po, Ventura
var. macrolepis
Broadleaved upland forest, chaparral, " big-scale balsamroot" Asteraceae
cismontane wood land, coastal scrub / List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
rocky; elevation 5-425 meters. Alameda, Butte, Colusa, Lake, Mariposa,
Shrub (deciduous), blooms Napa, Placer, Santa Clara, Solano, Sono­
May-October. ma, Tehama
406D, 437B, 438D, 445 B, 446A, 447A,
Threatened by development, and by feral
465C, 482B, 499C, 501 B, 527D, 528A,
animals on Santa Cruz Island.
528D, 547C, 548A, 575A, 596B, 608C,
630D
Baccharis vanessae Beauc h .
Chaparral, cismontane wood land, valley
"Encin itas baccharis" Asteraceae and foothi l l grassland / sometimes ser­
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3 pentinite; elevation 90-1 400 meters.
State Endangered/Federal Perennial herb, blooms March-J une.
Threatened See Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical Garden
San Diego 22: 1 32 ( 1 935) for original descri ption.
2 1 D, 22A, 22B, 34C, 35C, 35 D, 36D,
51 B Balsamorh iza sericea W.A. Weber
Chaparral (maritime, sandstone);
"si l ky balsamroot" Asteraceae
elevation 60-720 meters.
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -2
Shrub (deciduous), blooms
Siskiyou, Tri nity; Oregon
August-November.
683D, 700A, 700C
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Almost extirpated from Encin itas Lower montane coniferous forest (ser­
area. Threatened by development and pentinite); elevation 1 3 1 0-1 740 meters.
recreation . See Phytologia 46( 4 ) : 2 1 6-222 Perenn ial herb, blooms Apri l-May.
( 1 980) for original description, and On watch list in Oregon. Perhaps not dis­
Madrano 40( 2 ): 1 33 ( 1 993) for range ti nct from B. macrolepis var. platylepis. See
extension information. Phytologia 50( 5):357-359 ( 1 982) for orig­
inal descri ption.
Bacopa nobsiana
Considered but rejected : a synonym of B. Balsamorhiza serrata Nels. &
rotundifolia; a com mon, non-native taxon Macbr.
"serrated balsam root" Asteraceae
Bahia dissecta List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Considered but rejected : too common
Modoc; Nevada, Oregon, Washi ngton
724D
Baileya multiradiata var.
Great Basin scrub ( rocky); elevation
multiradiata 1 400- 1 600 meters.
Considered but rejected: too common
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-June.
See Botanical Gazette 56( 6):479 ( 1 9 1 3 ) for
Balsamorhiza hookeri N utt. var. original description.
lanata Sharp
"woolly balsa m root" Asteraceae Batis maritima
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 Considered but rejected : too common
Siskiyou
700A, 70 1 A, 701 D, 71 6B, 71 6C, 71 7B Benitoa occidentalis
Cismontane woodland; elevation See Lessingia occidentalis
800- 1 520 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-June.
96 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Bensoniella oregona (Abrams &
Bacig.) Morton
"benson iella" Saxifragaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2
State Rare
Humboldt; Oregon
652B, 653A, 671 D
Bogs and fens, lower montane con iferous
forest (openi ngs), meadows and seeps /
mesic; elevation 94S-1 400 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly.
Known in Cal iforn ia from approximately
ten occurrences. Threatened by logging
and grazi ng. Candidate for state listing i n
Oregon, where known from only a few
occurrences. See Contributions from the
Dudley Herbarium 1 :95 ( 1 929) for original
description, and Leaflets ofWestern Botany
1 0: 1 8 1 ( 1 96S) for revised nomenclature.
Berberis fremontii Torr.
"Fremont barberry" Berberidaceae
List 3 / RED ?-?-1
San Bernardi no, San Diego; Arizona, Baja
California, Nevada, Sonora (Mexico),
and elsewhere
7B, 8A*, 9B, 1 3 1 D * , 200A, 200B, 2 24C,
225D
Chaparral, Joshua tree "woodland", piny­
on and juniper woodland I rocky;
elevation 840- 1 850 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms April-J u ne.
Taxonomy extremely complex; as treated
here includes B. haematocarpa and B. hig­
ginsiae, but these may be distinct taxa.
Defin itive study needed . See Report on the
U.S. and Mexican Boundary Survey, p. 30
( 1 859) by W. Emory for original descrip­
tion, and Phytologia 5 2 : 22 1 -226 ( 1 982)
for relationship between Berberis and
Mahonia.
Berberis higginsiae
See Berberis fremontii
Berberis nevinii Gray
"Nevi n 's barberry" Berberidaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernard i no,
San Diego
33A, 49A, 49B, 49C, 50A, 67C, 1 06C,
1 08B, 1 1 0B, 1 1 1 A, 1 3 7C, 1 3 7D*, 1 38A,
1 63 D
Chaparral, cismontane woodland,
coastal scrub, riparian scrub / sandy or
gravelly; elevation 295-825 meters.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms March-Apri l .
Many h istorical occurrences have been
extirpated; l i kely fewer than 1 000 plants
remaining as of 1 9 9 2 . Threatened by
development and road maintenance.
Angeles N F has adopted species man­
agement gu ideli nes. See Synoptical Flora of
North America 1 ( 1 ):69 ( 1 895) for origi­
nal description , and journal ofthe Linnean
Society ofLondon 57(369):354 ( 1 96 1 ) for
revised nomenclature.
Berberis pinnata Lag ssp. insularis
M u nz
" island barberry" Berberid aceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Anacapa Island * , Santa Cruz Island,
Santa Rosa Island*
ANAC*, SCZA, SCZB, SROW*
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
cismontane woodland, coastal scrub /
rocky; elevation 75-400 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
February-May.
Known from only three occurrences.
Bel ieved to be extirpated from Anacapa
Island after surveys in 1 994 or 1 995.
Last seen on Santa Rosa Island in 1 930;
despite recent surveys. Threatened by feral
herbivores. See ChangingSeasons 1 (3 ) : 1 4
( 1 981 ) fo r revised nomenclature.
Berberis sonnei
Considered but rejected: a synonym of B.
aquifolium var. repens; a common taxon
Bergerocactus emoryi ( Enge l m . )
Britt. & Rose
"golden-spined cereus" Cactaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
San Clemente Island, Santa Catalina
Island, San Diego; Baja Californ ia
1 OC, 1 1 A, 1 1 B, 1 1 D, 22B, SCMC,
SCMN, SCMS, SCTN , SCTS, SCTW
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
coastal scru b / sandy; elevation 3-395
meters.
Shrub (stem succu lent), blooms
May-June.
Threatened by development, horticultur­
al collecting, and feral goats. See Ameri­
canjournal ofScience I I 1 4:338 ( 1 852) for
original description, and Contributions
from the U.S. National Herbarium 1 2 :474
( 1 909) for revised nomenclature.
Betu la pumila L.var. glandulifera
Regel
"resi n birch" Betulaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Butte*, Lassen, Modoc, Plu mas, Siski­
you, Tehama; Idaho, Oregon , Washing­
ton , and elsewhere
606B, 606C, 607A, 607C* , 623B, 625C,
641 C, 642C, 673B, 674A, 708A, 724B,
725D, 734D
Bogs and fens, lower montane coniferous
forest, meadows and seeps, marshes and
swamps, subalpine coniferous forest /
mesic; elevation 1 3 1 0-2285 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms April-August.
Threatened by grazing.
Blennosperma bakeri H eiser
"Sonoma sunshine" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Sonoma
483 B, 500C, 501 B, 501 C, 501 D, 502A,
5 1 8D
Valley and footh i l l grassland ( mesic), •
vernal pools; elevation 1 0-1 1 0 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Known only from Lagu na de Santa Rosa
and the Sonoma area. Threatened by
urbanization, grazi ng, and agriculture.
See Madroiio 9(3 ): 1 03-1 04 ( 1 947) for
origi nal descri ption.
Blennosperma nanum ( Hook. )
Blake var. robustum J .T. Howe l l
" Point Reyes blennosperma" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
State Rare
Mendoci no, Mari n
485B, 485C, 569A
Coastal prarie, coastal scrub; elevation
1 0- 1 45 meters.
Annual herb, blooms February-April.
Known from fewer than fifteen occur­
rences. Possi bly th reatened by grazi ng
and tram pling. Plants found near Fort
Bragg in 1 988 appear closest to this
taxon. Some Pt. Reyes populations inter­
mediate to var. nanum. See Leaflets of West­
ern Botany 5 : 1 05-1 08 ( 1 948) for original
description.

Blepharidachne kingii (Wats. )
H ack.
" Ki ng's eyelash grass" Poaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1-1
I nyo, Mono; Idaho, Nevada, and else­
where
302A, 327C, 346B, 347C, 350B, 390C,
41 2D, 43 1 A
Great Basin scrub (usually carbonate);
elevation 1 065-2 1 3 5 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May.
Endangered in Idaho.
Blepharizonia plumosa ( Kel I . )
Greene ssp. plumosa
"big tarplant" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Alameda, Contra Costa, San Joaq u i n * ,
Stan islaus*, Solano*
443C*, 444B, 445A, 445B, 446A,
462C*, 463 B, 463C, 464A, 465A(* ?),
48 1 C( * ?), 481 D(*?)
Valley and footh ill grassland; elevation
30-505 meters.
Annual herb, bloomsJu ly-October.
Need h istorical quads for Solano County.
H istorical occurrences probably extirpat­
ed by agriculture and non-native plants;
also threatened by residential develop­
ment. See Proceedings ofthe California Acad­
emy ofSciences I 5 :49 ( 1 873) for original
descri ption.
Bloomeria humilis Hoov.
"dwarf goldenstar" Li l iaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
State Rare
Monterey?, San Lu is Obispo
2 72A
Coastal bluff scrub, chaparral, valley and
foothi l l grassland; elevation 1 0-1 20
meters.
Peren nial herb (bul biferous), blooms
J u ne.
Known from only two occurrences i n the
Arroyo de la Cruz area. Does plant occur
in Monterey Cou nty? See Plant Life 1 1 :
20-22 ( 1 955) for original description.
Boerhavia annulata
Considered but rejected: too common; a
synonym of Anulocaulis annulatus
Boerhavia coulteri
Considered but rejected : too common
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Bolandra californica Gray
"Sierra bolandra" Saxifragaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Alpine, Amador, Calaveras, El Dorado,
Mariposa, Stan islaus, Tuolumne
Lower montane con iferous forest, upper
montane coniferous forest / mesic, rocky;
elevation 975-2450 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms June-J uly.
Boschniakia hookeri Walp.
"small grou ndcone" Orobanchaceae
List 2 / RED 3 - 1 - 1
Del Norte, Hu mboldt, Mendocino,
Marin; Oregon, Washi ngton, and else­
where
467A, 467B, 5 50D, 670A, 704C, 740A
North Coast coniferous forest; elevation
90-885 meters.
Perennial herb (rh izomatous, parasitic),
blooms April-August.
How rare is plant outside Cal iforn ia?
Parasitic on Gaultheria shallon and Vaccini­
um spp. See Report ofthe Pacific Railroad
Expedition 3 :479 ( 1 844-45 ) for origi nal
descri ption.
Boschniakia strobilacea
Considered but rejected: too common
Botrychium ascendens W. Wagner
"u pswept m oonwort" Ophioglossaceae
List 2 I RED 3-1-1
Butte, El Dorado, Tehama; Idaho, Neva­
da, Oregon , Washi ngton, Wyoming, and
elsewhere
523A, 607B, 607C
Lower montane coniferous forest
(mesic); elevation 1 500-1 830 meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), ferti le
J uly-August.
Known in Cal ifornia from only two
occurrences: near Jonesvi lle on the Butte
and Tehama Cou nty border, and south
of Fallen Leaf Lake, El Dorado County.
On watch list in Nevada, candidate for
state listing in Oregon , and state-l isted
as Sensitive in Washington. See American
Fernjournal 76(2):36 ( 1 986) for original
description, and Madrano 36(2): 1 3 1 - 1 3 6
( 1 989) for discussion ofJonesvi lle
records.
97
Botrychium crenu latum W. Wagner
"scalloped moonwort" Ophioglossaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Butte, Colusa, Los Angeles, Mono,
Modoc?, San Bernardino, Tehama, Tulare;
Arizona, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah,
Washi ngton, Wyoming, and elsewhere
1 05A, 1 05B, 1 05C, 1 34D, 1 3 5D, 306C,
43 1 C, 43 1 D, 35 1 B, 564B, 564C, 607B,
607C, 626A
Bogs and fens, lower montane conifer­
ous forest, meadows and seeps, marsh­
es and swamps (freshwater); elevation
1 500-3280 meters.
Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), fertile
J u ne-J u ly.
Scattered but not common anywhere i n
Cal ifornia. Does plant occur i n Modoc
Cou nty? On watch list in Nevada, candi­
date for state l isting i n Oregon , and
state-l isted as Sensitive i n Wash ington.
Threatened by grazing and trampling.
See American Fernjournal 71 (1 ) : 2 1 ( 1 98 1 )
for origi nal descri ption , and Madrano
36( 2 ) : 1 3 1 - 1 3 6 ( 1 989) for d istri butional
information .
Botrychium l ineare W. H . Wagner
"slender moonwort" Oph ioglossaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-2
Fresno; Idaho, Oregon , Washington, and
elsewhere
395A
Upper montane coniferous forest;
elevation 2600-2600 meters.
Perennial herb, unknown when fertile.
Known in Cal ifornia from only one small
occu rrence near Piute Pass. Not i n The
Jepson Manual. Endangered in Oregon ,
a n d state-l isted a s Sensitive i n Washi ng­
ton . See American Fernjournal 84( 1 ) : 5
( 1 994) for original description.
Botrychium lunaria ( L. ) Sw.
"common moonwort" Ophioglossaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Mono, Modoc, Sierra?, Tuolumne; Ari­
zona, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Ore­
gon , Utah , Washington , and elsewhere
690B, 708A
Meadows and seeps, subalpine conifer­
ous forest, upper montane coniferous
forest; elevation 2280-3400 meters.
Peren n ial herb (rh izomatous), fertile
August.
Does plant occur in Sierra County? Need
q uads for Mono and Tuolumne counties.
On review list in Idaho, endangered in
Oregon , and state-listed as Sensitive i n
Washington .
98 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Botrychium minganense Victorin
" Mingan m oonwort" Ophioglossaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Butte, Fresno, Nevada?, Tehama; Ari­
zona, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon , Utah,
Washington, and elsewhere
3 940, 607B, 607C
Lower montane con iferous forest
( mesic); elevation 1 S00- 1 830 meters.
Perenn ial herb ( rhizomatous), fertile
July-August.
Does plant occur in Nevada County?
Sensitive in Idaho, and endangered in
Oregon. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical
Club 83(4):261 -280 ( 1 9S6) for compari­
son with B. lunaria, and Madrano 36(2):
1 3 1 -1 36 ( 1 989) for California records.
Botrychium montanum W. Wagner
"western gobl i n " Ophioglossaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Butte, Tehama; Idaho, Oregon , Washi ng­
ton , and elsewhere
607B, 607C
Lower montane coniferous forest
( mesic); elevation 1 S00-1 830 meters.
Perenn ial herb ( rhizomatous), fertile
J u ly-August.
Known in California only from fou r occur­
rences near Jonesville. Endangered in Ore­
gon . See American Fernjournal 71 ( 1 ):29
( 1 981 ) for original description, and
Madrano 36(2): 1 3 1 -1 36 ( 1 989) for first
California records.
Botrychium pinnatum St. j o h n
"northwestern moonwort"
Oph ioglossaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1 -1
Siskiyou; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah,
Washi ngton , and elsewhere
698C, 701 B
Lower montane coniferous forest?,
meadows and seeps, upper montane
coniferous forest / mesic; elevation
1 770-201 0 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), fertile
August-October.
Known in California only from two occu r­
rences near Etna and Mt. Shasta. Threat­
ened i n Idaho, endangered in Oregon,
and state-l isted as Sensitive in Washi ng­
ton . See American Fernjournal 1 9 : 1 1
( 1 929) for original descri ption.
Botrychium pumicola
Considered but rejected: not in Califor­
n ia; only known California occurrence on
Mt. Shasta a m isidentification
Botrychium virginianum ( L.) Swartz
" rattlesnake fern" Ophioglossaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Siskiyou; Arizona, I daho, Nevada, New
Mexico, Oregon , Texas, Utah, Washi ng­
ton , Wyoming, and elsewhere
701 B, 70 1 C
Bogs and fens; elevation 1 300-1 300
meters.
Perennial herb, fertile June.
Known i n Californ ia only from one occur­
rence from the Salmon Mtns. Not in The
Jepson Manual.
Bouteloua eriopoda (Torr. ) Torr.
"black grama" Poaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
San Bernard ino; Arizona, Baja California,
Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Utah,
Wyoming, and elsewhere
Joshua tree "woodland", pinyon and
j un iper woodland; elevation 900-1 900
meters.
Perenn ial herb (stoloniferous), blooms
May-August.
Threatened by grazing. See Report ofthe
Pacific Railroad Expedition 4( S): 1 S S ( 1 8S6)
for revised nomenclature, and Annals ofthe
Missouri Botanical Garden 66(3):397-398
( 1 979) for taxonomic treatment.
Bouteloua simplex
Considered but rejected : not in California
Bouteloua trifida Th u rb.
"red grama" Poaceae
List 2 / RED 3 - 1 - 1
I nyo, San Bernard i no; Arizona, Nevada,
Sonora (Mexico), and elsewhere
1 23A, 1 76A, 2 0 1 A, 201 C, 22SD, 249A,
249B, 249D, 274C, 298D, 323B, 323C
Mojavean desert scrub (carbonate,
rocky); elevation 700-2000 meters.
Peren nial herb, blooms May-September.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Arts and Sciences 1 8 : 1 77 ( 1 883) for origi­
nal description, and Annals ofthe Missouri
Botanical Garden 66(3 ):399-400 ( 1 979)
for taxonomic treatment.
Boykinia rotundifolia
Considered but rejected: too common
Brickellia frutescens
Considered but rejected : too common
Brickellia knappiana
Considered but rejected : a hybrid, possi­
b ly between 8. multi�ora and 8. ca/ifor­
nicum or B. desertorum
Brickellia nevinii
Considered but rejected : too common
Brodiaea californica Lin d i . var.
leptandra (Greene) Hoov.
"narrow-anthered Californ i a brodiaea"
Liliaceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Lake, Napa, Sonoma
499B, SOOB, SOOC, S01 A, S01 B, S 1 6C,
S 1 7A, S 1 7B, S 1 7C, S 1 7D, S 1 8B, S 1 8D
Broadleaved upland forest, chaparral,
lower montane coniferous forest;
elevation 1 1 0-9 1 S meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
May-J uly.
Threatened by residential development.
See Pittonia 1 : 74 ( 1 887) for original
descri ption, American Midland Naturalist
2 2 :S 70 ( 1 939) for revised nomencla­
ture, and University ofCalifornia Publica­
tions in Botany 60:40 ( 1 97 1 ) for
taxonomic treatment.
Brodiaea coronaria (Sal isb. ) Engler
ssp. rosea (Greene) N iehaus
" I ndian Valley brodiaea" Lil iaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered
Colusa, Glenn, Lake, Tehama
S33C, S47B, S47C, S48A, S48C, S64A,
S96B, S96C
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
cismontane woodland, valley and foothill
grassland / serpentinite; elevation
33S-1 4SO meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
May-J u ne.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Threatened by vehicles, dumpi ng,
and horticultural collecting. See Bulletin of
the California Academy ofSciences 2 : 1 3 7
( 1 886) for original description, and
American Midland Naturalist 22: S60-S 6 1
( 1 939) for revised nomenclature.
Brodiaea filifolia Wats.
"thread-leaved brodiaea" Li l iaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Threatened
Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San
Bernard i no, San Diego

35B, 35C, 36A, 36D, 5 1 A, 5 1 B, 5 1 C,
5 1 D, 5 2A, 65C, 68A, 68B, 69A, 69C,
69D, 70B, 70C, 70D, 85C, 85D, 1 07A,
1 09A
Chaparral (openings), cismontane wood­
land, coastal scrub, playas, valley and
foothill grassland, vernal pools / often
clay; elevation 40-1 220 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
March-June.
Seriously threatened by residential devel­
opment, agriculture, grazing, and vehi­
cles. Hybridization with B. orcuttii and B.
terrestris ssp. kernensis probably caused by
European honeybee. See Proceedings ofthe
American Academy ofArts and Sciences
1 7:38 1 ( 1 882) for original description.
Brodiaea insignis U eps.) N iehaus
" Kaweah brod iaea" Li liaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
State Endangered
Tulare
308A, 308B, 308C, 309D, 332A, 332B,
332C, 332D, 333A
Cismontane wood land , valley and
footh ill grassland / granitic or clay;
elevation 1 50-1 400 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
April-J u ne.
Known only from the Tu le and Kaweah
River drainages. Threatened by residen­
tial development, road mai ntenance,
grazing, and non-native plants. See Flora
ofCalifornia 1 (6 ):288 ( 1 922) by W.L. Jep­
son for original descri ption, and University
ofCalifornia Publications in Botany 60:52
( 1 971 ) for revised nomenclature.
Brodiaea kinkiensis N iehaus
"San Clem ente Island brod iaea" Liliaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
San Clemente Island
SCMC, SCMS
Val ley and footh i l l grassland (clay);
elevation 305-600 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
May-J u ne.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Feral herbivores removed from
San Clemente Island , and vegetation
recovering. See Madrano 1 9:223-225
( 1 966) for original descri ption.
Brodiaea orcuttii (Greene) Baker
'
"Orcutt's brodiaea" Li liaceae
List 1 B I RED 1 -3-2
Riverside, San Diego; Baja California
C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
9B, 1 0A, 1 0C, 20A, 20C, 2 1 A, 2 1 B, 2 1 C,
22A, 22B, 2 2C, 22D, 33C, 33D, 34A,
34D, 35A, 35B, 35C, 49D, 50B, 5 1 A,
65C, 68C, 69C, 69D
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
cismontane woodland , meadows and
seeps, valley and foothi l l grassland , ver­
nal pools / mesic, clay, sometimes ser­
pentin ite; elevation 30-1 6 1 5 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
May-J uly.
Historical occurrences need field surveys.
Seriously threatened by development, vehi­
cles, road construction, and dumping.
Hybridizes with B. filifolia. See Bulletin ofthe
California Academy ofSciences 2: 1 38 ( 1 886)
for original description, and University of
California Publications in Botany 60:59-6 1
( 1 971 ) for taxonomic treatment.
Brodiaea pallida Hoov.
"Chinese Camp brodiaea" Li liaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Threatened
Calaveras, Tuolumne
458B, 458C, 459A, 459B
Valley and foothill grassland (vernal
streambeds, serpentinite); elevation
385-385 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
May-June.
Known from only two occurrences near
Chinese Camp. Part of one occurrence
destroyed by construction in 1 982;
remainder threatened by residential devel­
opment. Hybridizes with B. elegans ssp. ele­
gans. See Leaffets ofWestern Botany 2:1 29-
1 30 ( 1 938) for origi nal description.
Bromus polyanth us
Considered but rejected: a synonym of B.
carinatus var. carinatus; a common taxon
Bruchia bolanderi Lesq .
Bruchianceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-2
Fresno, Mariposa, Nevada, Plumas,
Tehama, Tu lare, Tuolumne; Oregon
285D, 396C, 437A, 472D, 555D, 589C,
626A
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps, upper montane conifer­
ous forest / damp soi l ; elevation
1 700-2800 meters.
Moss.
99
In vegetative state simi lar in appearance
to Leptobryum pyriforme. Sporophytes d is­
tinctive. See Memoirs ofthe California Acade­
my ofSciences 1 :5 ( 1 868) for original
descri ption.
Buddleja utahensis
Considered but rejected: too common
Bulbostylis capillaris ( L.) Clarke
"thread-leaved beakseed " Cyperaceae
List: 4 / RED 1 -2-1
Butte, Fresno, Mariposa, Nevada,
Plu mas, Sierra, Tehama, Tuolumne; Ari­
zona, New Mexico, Oregon*, Texas, and
elsewhere
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps, upper montane conifer­
ous forest; elevation 395-2075 meters.
Annual herb, blooms J u ne-August.
Endangered in Oregon. See Sida 4:98-99
( 1 971 ) for taxonomic treatment.
Bursera hindsiana
Considered but rejected : unable to verify
presumed California occurrence in south­
ern San Diego Cou nty.
Bursera microphylla Gray
"elephant tree" Bu rseraceae
List 2 / RED 3-1 -1
I m perial, Riverside, San Diego; Arizona,
Baja Californ ia, Sonora (Mexico)
7A, 1 8B, 1 8C, 1 9A, 3 1 C, 3 1 D, 46B, 65D
Sonoran desert scrub ( rocky); elevation
200-700 meters.
Tree (deciduous), blooms June-Ju ly.
Known i n California from fewer than
twenty occurrences. State-listed as H ighly
Safeguarded in Arizona.
Cakile edentula ssp. californica
Considered but rejected: not native; a
synonym of C. edentula
Calamagrostis bolanderi Th u rb.
" Bolander's reed grass" Poaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
H u m boldt, Mendoci no, Sonoma
502A, 502B, 502C, 502D, 520B, 520D,
537B, 568B, 569A, 569D, 689A, 689C
Bogs and fens, closed-cone coniferous
forest, coastal scrub, meadows and seeps
( mesic), marshes and swamps (freshwa­
ter), North Coast coniferous forest /
mesic; elevation 0-1 85 meters.
Perennial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
J u ne-August.

1 00 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Calamagrostis crassiglu mis Th u rb.
"Thu rber's reed grass" Poaceae
List 2 / RED 3-3-1
Del Norte, H u mboldt?, Mendoci no,
Mari n , Sonoma; Wash ington, and else­
where
485C, 502A, 569D, 585D, 740C
Coastal scrub (mesic), marshes and
swamps (freshwater); elevation 1 0-45
meters.
Perenn ial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
May-J u ly.
Known in California from fewer than ten
occurrences. Undocu mented in H u m­
boldt County; need q uads. Threatened
by grazing at Pt. Reyes NS. See C. stricta
ssp. inexpansa i n TheJepson Manual. See
Botany ofCalifornia 2 : 2 8 1 ( 1 880) for origi­
nal description.
Calamagrostis densa
Considered but rejected: a synonym of C.
koelerioides; a common taxon
Calamagrostis foliosa Kearn.
" leafy reed grass" Poaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
State Rare
Del Norte, H u m boldt, Mendocino
Coastal bluff scrub, North Coast conifer­
ous forest / rocky; elevation 0-1 220
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-September.
Many occurrences located in the King
Range, H u mboldt Cou nty. Threatened by
grazing. See Contributions from the U.S.
National Herbarium 3:83 ( 1 892) for origi­
nal description .
Calamagrostis ophitidis U .T.
Howe l l ) Nygren
"serpentine reed grass" Poaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Lake, Marin, Napa, Sonoma
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest, meadows and seeps, valley and
foothill grassland / serpentinite; elevation
90-1 065 meters.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Calamintha chandleri
See Satureja chandleri
Caland rinia breweri Wats.
" Brewer's caland ri n ia" Portu lacaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
Contra Costa, Los Angeles, Mendocino,
Monterey, Mariposa, Marin , Napa, Santa
Barbara, San Bernard i no, Santa Clara,
Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Island, San
Diego, San Luis Obispo, San Mateo,
Sonoma, Santa Rosa Island, Ventura;
Baja Cal ifornia
Chaparral, coastal scrub / sandy or
loamy, d isturbed sites and burns;
elevation 1 0-1 220 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms March-J u ne.
Plant appears to be widely scattered but
u ncommon everywhere, and most collec­
tions are old. Field surveys needed. See
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
and Sciences 1 1 : 1 24 ( 1 876) for original
description.
Calandrinia maritima N utt.
"seaside calandri n ia" Portu lacaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
Anacapa Island, Los Angeles, Orange,
Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara Island, San
Clemente Island, Santa Catalina Island,
Santa Cruz Island, San Diego, Santa Rosa
Island, Ventura; Baja California
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub, valley
and footh ill grassland / sandy; elevation
5-300 meters.
Annual herb, blooms February-August.
Calliandra eriophylla Benth.
"fairyd uster" Fabaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1
I m perial, San Diego; Arizona, Baja Cali­
fornia, and elsewhere
1 2B, 1 3A, 1 3 B, 1 3C, 1 3D, 26A, 26D,
2 7D, 32C, 3 2 D
Sonoran desert scrub (sandy or rocky);
elevation 1 20- 1 500 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms
January-March .
Calochortus catalinae Wats.
" Catalina mari posa l i ly" Liliaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Los Angeles, Orange, Santa Barbara,
Santa Catalina Island, Santa Cruz Island,
San Diego, San Lu is Obispo, Santa Rosa
Island, Ventura
Chaparral, cismontane woodland ,
coastal scrub, valley and foothi l l grass­
land; elevation 1 5-700 meters.
Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
February-May.
Threatened by development.
,
Calochortus clavatus Wats. var.
avius j eps.
"Pleasant Valley mari posa li ly " Li liaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Amador, El Dorado, Mariposa*
420D*, 492A, 508B, 508C, 508D, 509A,
509B, 509D, 524C, 524D, 525D
Lower montane coniferous forest
Uosephine silt loam and volcan ic);
elevation 305-1 800 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
May-J u ly.
Threatened by development and logging,
and possibly by horticultural collecting.
Calochortus clavatus Wats. var.
clavatus
"club-haired mari posa li ly" Li l iaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3
Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, San Benito,
San Lu is Obispo, Ventura
Chaparral, cismontane woodland,
coastal scrub, valley and footh ill grass­
land I usually serpentinite, clay, rocky;
elevation 75-1 300 meters.
Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
May-J une.
Calochortus clavatus Wats. var.
gracilis Own bey
"slender mari posa l i ly" Li liaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Los Angeles
1 08B, 1 09A, 1 09B, 1 35 D, 1 37A, 1 37B,
1 38A, 1 38D, 1 62C
Chaparral, coastal scrub; elevation
360-1 000 meters.
Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
March-May.
Known from only nine occurrences. Threat­
ened by development. See Annals ofthe Mis­
souri Botanical Garden 27(4):371 -561 ( 1 940)
for original description.
Calochortus clavatus ssp.
recurvifolius
See Calochortus clavatus var. recurvifolius
Calochortus clavatus Wats. var.
recurvifolius ( Hoov.) Fied ler &
Zebell
"Arroyo de la Cruz mariposa l i ly" Li l iaceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-3
San Lu is Obispo
272A

Coastal bl uff scrub, chaparral ( mar­
itime), coastal prarie, lower montane
coniferous forest; elevation 1 0-1 20
meters.
Perennial herb (bul biferous), blooms
June-Ju ly.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
Threatened by grazing. See Leaflets of
Western Botany 1 0(8): 1 26 ( 1 964) for orig­
inal description, and Madrofio 42(3):406
( 1 995) for revised nomenclature.
Calochortus coeruleus var. nanus
Considered but rejected: a synonym of C.
elegans; a common ta.xon
Calochortus coeruleus var.
westonii
See Calochortus westonii
Calochortus concolor
Considered but rejected: too common
Calochortus dunnii Pu rd y
" D u n n's mari posa l i ly" Liliaceae
Llst 1 8 / RED 2-2-2
State Rare
San Diego; Baja California
9C, 1 OA, 1 OB, 1 OD, 1 9C, 20A, 20D, 21 A,
33D, 49C
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral /
gabbroic or metavolcanic, rocky; elevation
380-1 830 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
April-June.
See Proceedings ofthe California Academy of
Sciences 1 1 1 2 : 1 47 ( 1 901 ) for original
description.
Calochortus elegans
Considered but rejected: too common
Calochortus elegans var.
oreophyllus
Considered but rejected : a synonym of C.
elegans; a common ta.xon
Calochortus excavatus Greene
" I nyo Cou nty star-tulip" Liliaceae
Llst 18 / RED 2-3-3
I nyo, Mono
3 5 1 B, 35 1 C, 3 5 1 D, 372B, 372C, 393A,
393B, 393C, 393D, 41 3A, 41 3B, 41 3C,
41 3D, 4 1 4A, 432C, 432D, 45 1 A, 451 D
Chenopod scrub, meadows and seeps /
alkaline, mesic; elevation 1 1 50-2000
meters.
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Peren nial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
April-J u ly.
Most occurrences are small remnants of
former populations. Threatened by
groundwater pumping, development,
road maintenance, and grazing. See Pitto­
nia 2:71 ( 1 890) for original description,
and Proceedings ofthe California Academy of
Sciences 1 1 1 2 : 1 46 ( 1 901 ) for taxonom ic
treatment.
Calochortus greenei Wats.
"Greene's m ariposa lily" Li l i aceae
Llst 1 8 / RED 3-2-2
Modoc, Siskiyou; Oregon
682B, 71 6A, 732B, 732C, 733B, 733C,
733D, 734A, 734D
Cismontane woodland, meadows and
seeps, pinyon and j u n i per woodland,
upper montane coniferous forest / vol­
canic; elevation 1 03 5-1 890 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
June-August.
Threatened by development, horticu ltur­
al collecting, grazing, vehicles, and com­
petition with other plants. Cand idate for
state l isting i n Oregon . See Proceedings of
the American Academy ofArts and Sciences
1 4:264 ( 1 879) for original description,
and Proceedings ofthe California Academy of
Sciences I l l 2 : 1 29 ( 1 901 ) for taxonomic
treatment.
Calochortus kennedyi var. munzii
Considered but rejected: a synonym of C.
kennedyi; a common taxon
Calochortus longebarbatus Wats.
var. longebarbatus
" long-haired star-tu lip" Li l iaceae
Llst 18 / RED 1 -2-1
Lassen, Modoc, Shasta, Siskiyou; Ore­
gon, Washington
662B, 662C, 676D, 677B, 679B, 680A,
693B, 693C, 694A, 694B, 694C, 694D,
695A, 695C, 695D, 696C, 696D, 71 0C,
71 0D, 71 1 0
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­
erous forest (openings and drai nages),
meadows and seeps, vernal pools / clay,
mesic; elevation 1 005- 1 900 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
June-August.
1 01
Many occurrences have few plants. Threat­
ened by grazing, logging, development,
and vehicles. On watch list in Oregon, and
state-listed as Sensitive in Washington. See
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
and Sciences 1 7:381 ( 1 882) for original
description, and Proceedings ofthe California
AcademyofSciences 1 1 1 2 : 1 30 ( 1 901 ) for tax­
onomic treatment.
Calochortus monanthus Own bey
"single-flowered mariposa l i ly" Li liaceae
Llst 1 A
Siskiyou*
734D*
Meadows and seeps; elevation 745-800
meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
June.
Known only from the type collection (in
1 876) along the Shasta River, now mostly
converted to agriculture. Red iscovery
attempts u nsuccessfu l . See Annals ofthe
Missouri Botanical Garden 2 7:3 71 -560
( 1 940) for original description.
Calochortus nudus var. shastensis
Considered but rejected : a hybrid
Calochortus obispoensis Lem mon
"San L u i s mari posa l i ly" Li l iaceae
Llst 1 8 / RED 2-2-3
San Lu is Obispo
2 2 1 A, 2 2 1 B, 221 D*, 246B, 246C, 246D,
247D, 2 7 1 A
Chaparral, coastal scrub, valley and
foothill grassland / often serpentinite;
elevation 75-730 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
May-J u ly.
Threatened by grazing, development,
road construction, and recreation, and
potentially by mining. Seejournal ofEcolo­
gy 75:977-995 ( 1 987) for population
biology.
Calochortus palmeri Wats. var.
munzii Own bey
"Munz's mariposa l i ly" Liliaceae
Llst 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Riverside
66A, 66B, 67A, 84A
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest; elevation 1 200-2200 meters.
Perennial herb (bul biferous), blooms
June-J uly.
Known from only a few occurrences i n
the San Jaci nto Mtns. See Aliso 4:88
( 1 958) for original description.
1 02 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Calochortus palmeri Wats. var.
palmeri
" Pal m er's mariposa li ly" Li l iaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Kern, Los Angeles, Riverside, Santa Bar­
bara, San Bernard i no, San Lu is Obispo,
Ventura
65C, 66D, 1 04A, 1 04B, 1 05A, 1 05B,
1 05 0, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 2C, 1 33C, 1 33 0, 1 3 60,
1 660, 1 68A, 2 1 2A, 2 1 2B, 2 1 2C, 220A,
237A, 238A, 245D, 268D
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest, meadows and seeps / mesic;
elevation 1 000-2200 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
May-J u ly.
Declining rapidly; occurs in wet meadows
where seriously threatened by grazing.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Arts and Sciences 1 4:266 ( 1 879) for origi­
nal description, and Annals ofthe Missouri
Botanical Garden 2 7:459 ( 1 940) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Calochortus panamintensis
Own bey ( Rev. )
" Panamint mariposa l i ly" Li l i aceae
List 4 j RED 1 -2-3
I nyo
Pinyon and j u n i per woodland; elevation
2 500-3200 meters.
Perenn ial herb (bu lbiferous), blooms
June-J u ly.
Threatened by tram pling. See Annals ofthe
Missouri Botanical Garden 27( 4 ):371-561
( 1 940) for original description, and Inter·
mountain Flora 6:501 ( 1 977) for revised
nomenclature.
Calochortus plummerae Greene Calochortus pulchellus Ben th .
" P l u m mer's mariposa l i ly" Lil i aceae " Mt. Diablo fairy-lantern" Li liaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 List 1 B j RED 2-2-3
Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Contra Costa, Solano?
Bernard ino, Ventu ra 464A, 464B, 464C, 464D, 465A, 465B,
66B, 67A, 69A, 69C, 70A, 84A*, 84B, 4650, 482C, 499A?
85A, 85B, 86B, 87C, 87D, 1 05B, 1 05C,
1 050, 1 06B, 1 06C, 1 060, 1 07A, 1 07B,
1 07C, 1 08A, 1 08B, 1 08C*, 1 09A,
1 090?, 1 1 0A, 1 1 0B * , 1 1 0C*, 1 1 1 B,
1 1 1 0* , 1 1 2C, 1 1 2 0*, 1 1 3A, 1 1 3 B,
1 1 3C, 1 1 3 0, 1 1 4A, 1 3 1 0, 1 33C, 1 330,
1 340*, 1 3 50, 1 36C*, 1 3 60, 1 370,
1 38A, 1 38C* , 1 380, 1 3 9C, 1 390, 1 40B
Chaparral, cismontane woodland,
coastal scrub, lower montane con iferous
forest, valley and footh ill grassland /
granitic, rocky; elevation 1 00-1 700
meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
May-J u ly.
Significantly red uced by development,
and continues to decl ine. Less common
at h igher elevations. Hybridizes with C.
weedii var. intermedius in the San Jose H i l ls
and Puente Hi lls. See Pittonia 2 : 70 ( 1 890)
for origi nal description, and Annals ofthe
Missouri Botanical Garden 2 7: 5 1 5 ( 1 940)
for taxonomic treatment.

Calochortus persistens Own bey

"Siskiyou mariposa l i ly" Li liaceae
List 1 B j RED 3-3-3
State Rare
Siskiyou
71 7B, 71 8A, 7350
Lower montane con iferous forest, North
Coast coniferous forest j rocky; elevation
1 000-1 735 meters.
Perennial herb (bul biferous), blooms
J u ne-Ju ly.
Threatened by disturbance and non­
native plants. Klamath NF has adopted
species management guideli nes. See Calochortus raichei
Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical Garden
27:448 ( 1 940) for original descri ption.

Chaparral, cismontane woodland , ripari­
an woodland, valley and foothill grass­
land; elevation 30-840 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
April-J u ne.
Does plant occur in Solano Cou nty?
Threatened by grazi ng, urbanization, hor­
ticultural collection, and feral pigs. See
Proceedings ofthe California Academy ofSci­
ences I l l 2 : 1 1 8 ( 1 90 1 ) for taxonomic treat­
ment, and journal ofEcolofY 75:977-995
( 1 987) for population biology.
Calochortus raichei Farwig & Girard
"The Cedars fairy-lantern " Li l iaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Sonoma
5 1 9A, 5 1 9B, 5 1 9C, 5 1 9 D
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral /
serpentinite; elevation 200-490 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
May-August.
Known only from The Cedars near
Guerneville. Potentially threatened by
mining and road construction. See Her­
bertia 43( 1 ) : 2-9 ( 1 987) for origi nal
description, and Fremontia 1 5( 2 ): 1 8
( 1 987) fo r species account.
Calochortus simulans ( H oov. )
,
M u nz
"San Lu is Obispo mariposa l i ly" Lil iaceae
,
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
Santa Barbara, San Lu is Obispo
1 93B, 244A, 244C, 2440, 245A, 245B,
245C, 245D, 246A, 246B, 246D, 268C
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
montane con iferous forest, valley and
foothill grassland / sandy, often gran itic,
sometimes serpenti nite; elevation
395-1 1 00 meters.
Peren nial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
April-May.
Apparently i ntergrades with C. venustus.
See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 4:4 ( 1 944)
for original descri ption.
•
Calochortus striatus Parish
"alkali mariposa l i ly" Li liaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
Kern, Los Angeles, San Bernardino,
Tu lare; Nevada
1 02A, 1 3 1 A, 1 3 1 B, 1 3 1 0, 1 35C, 1 6 1 A,
1 6 1 B, 1 85C, 1 850, 1 86C, 1 86D, 206A,
206C, 2 1 5B, 235B, 235C, 236B, 260A,
260B, 260C, 260D, 283C, 284C, 288D
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Chaparral, chenopod scrub, Mojavean
desert scrub, meadows and seeps (alka­
line, mesic); elevation 70-1 595 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
April-J u ne.
Threatened by grazi ng, urban ization,
and road construction. On watch list i n
Nevada.
Calochortus syntrophus Cal lahan
"Callahan's mariposa l i ly" Li liaceae
List 3 / RED 3-3-3
Shasta
663B
Cismontane woodland, lower montane
coniferous forest; elevation 525-525
meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
May-J u ne.
Move to List 1 B? Known from only one
occurrence, with about 200 individ uals
as of 1 999. Threatened by horticultural
collecting. Similar to C. superbus; needs
taxonomic research. Not in TheJepson
Manual. See Herbertia 49:20 ( 1 993) for
original description.
Calochortus tiburonensis H i l l
"Ti buron mari posa l i ly" Li l iaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Threatened/Federal
Threatened
Marin
466B
Val ley and footh ill grassland (serpenti­
n ite); elevation 50-1 50 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
March-J u ne.
Known from only one occu rrence at Ring
Mtn. Preserve on the Tiburon Peninsula.
Threatened by recreational activities and
non-native plants. See Madrano 22( 2):
1 00-1 04 ( 1 973) for original descri ption,
and journal ofEcolo?Y 75:977-995 ( 1 987)
for population biology.
Calochortus umbellatus A.W.
Wood
"Oakland star-tulip" Li liaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Alameda, Contra Costa, Mari n, Santa
Clara, Santa Cruz*, San Mateo, Stanislaus
Broadleaved upland forest, chaparral ,
cismontane wood land, lower montane
coniferous forest, valley and foothi l l
grassland / often serpentinite; elevation
1 00-700 meters.
1 03
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
March-May.
Protected at Ring Mtn. Preserve on
Tiburon Peninsula, Marin County. See
Botanical Gazette 54:405 ( 1 9 1 2) for origi­
nal description, and Proceedings ofthe Cali­
fornia Academy ofSciences 1 1 1 2 : 1 23-1 24
( 1 901 ) for taxonomic treatment.
Calochortus uniflorus
Considered but rejected : too common
Calochortus venustus var.
sangumeus
Considered but rejected: a synonym of C.
venustus; a common taxon
Calochortus weedii A.W. Wood var.
intermedius Ownbey
"i ntermed i ate mariposa l i ly" Liliaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside
49B, 52A, 5 2 B, 68A, 68D, 69B, 70A,
70B, 70C, 70D, 7 1 A, 71 D, 87B, 87C,
87D, 88A, 88B*, 1 08C, 1 090
Chaparral, coastal scrub, valley and
foothill grassland / rocky; elevation
1 80-855 meters.
Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
May-J u ly.
Threatened by development, road
construction, and fuel mod ification.
Hybrid izes with C. plummerae in San Jose
Hills and Puente H i lls. See Annals ofthe
Missouri Botanical Carden 27( 4):51 9
( 1 940 ) for original descri ption.
Calochortus weedii A.W. Wood var.
vestus Purdy
" late-flowered mariposa l i ly" Li l i aceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Monterey, Santa Barbara, San Lu is Obis­
po, Ventura
1 40B, 1 41 A, 1 41 B, 1 4 1 0, 1 42A, 1 42B,
1 64A, 1 66C, 1 660, 1 67C, 1 680, 1 690,
1 90C, 295C, 296B, 296A, 296C, 296D
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, ripari­
an woodland / often serpentinite;
elevation 275-900 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
J u ne-August.
Threatened by grazing and development.
See Proceedings ofthe California Academy of
Sciences 1 1 1 2 : 1 33 ( 1 90 1 ) for original
descri ption.
1 04 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Calochortus westonii Eastw.
"Shirley Meadows star-tu lip" Li l iaceae
List 1 8 I RED 2-2-3
Kern, Tu lare
2 6 1 A, 285A, 2850, 308A, 308B, 3080,
332A
Broadleaved upland forest, lower mon­
tane coniferous forest, meadows and
seeps / granitic; elevation 1 500-2 1 05
meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
May-J u ne.
Threatened by logging and road construc­
tion. Seq uoia NF has adopted species
management guidel ines. See Proceedings of
the California Academy ofSciences IV 20: 1 36
( 1 93 1 ) for original description.
Calycadenia fremontii
Considered but rejected: too common
Calycadenia hooveri Carr
" H oover's calycadenia" Asteraceae
List 18 / RED 2-1 -3
Calaveras, Madera, Merced, Mariposa,
Stanislaus
400A, 420B, 420C, 42 1 A, 440B, 440C,
441 A, 441 B, 4590, 477B
Cismontane wood land, valley and
foothi l l grassland / rocky; elevation
65-300 meters.
Annual herb, blooms J uly-September.
See Brittonia 27: 1 3 6 ( 1 975) for original
description.
Calycadenia oppositifolia (Greene)
Greene
" Butte County calycadenia" Asteraceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Butte
559B, 575B, 576A, 576B, 5760, 577A,
5 9 1 C, 592B, 592C, 5920, 5930, 6080
Chaparral, cismontane wood land, lower
montane coniferous forest, meadows
and seeps, valley and foothi l l grassland /
volcanic or serpenti n ite; elevation
21 5-945 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms April-J u ly.
Can be locally abundant. Threatened by
development, road construction, and
grazing. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical
Club 9 : 1 1 0 ( 1 882) for original descrip­
tion, and Flora Franciscana p. 423 ( 1 897)
for revised nomenclature.
Calycadenia tenella
Considered but rejected: too common
Calycadenia truncata ssp.
microcephala
Considered but rejected : a synonym of C.
truncata; a common taxon
Calycadenia villosa DC.
"dwarf calycadenia" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-3-3
Kern* , Monterey, San Luis Obispo
2 1 30*, 244B*, 245A, 245 0*, 246C* ,
269D*, 2 70A* , 271 B*, 292B*, 294C*,
295A, 295B, 295C, 296A, 2960, 3 1 8C,
3 1 90
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, mead­
ows and seeps, valley and footh i l l grass­
land / rocky; elevation 285-1 3 50 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-October.
Probably consists of northern and south­
ern u n recognized subspecies. Habitat
lost to construction of San Antonio
Reservoir; also threatened by urban iza­
tion , vehicles, and non-native plants.
Calyptridium parryi Gray var.
hesseae Tho m as
"Santa Cruz Mou ntains pussypaws"
Portu l acaceae
List 3 / RED ?-?-3
Monterey, San Benito, Santa Clara, Santa
Cruz*
3 1 9B, 4070*, 408B*, 408C*, 4080*,
425C, 426D
Chaparral, cismontane wood land;
elevation 305- 1 1 1 5 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Move to List 1 B? Location, rarity, and
endangerment i nformation needed,
i ncluding quads for Monterey and San
Benito counties.
Calyptridium pulchellum ( Eastw. )
Hoov.
" Mari posa pussypaws" Portulacaceae
List 18 / RED 3-3-3
Federal Threatened
Fresno, Madera, Mariposa
397C, 398B, 41 8C, 41 80, 41 9B
Chaparral, cismontane wood land /
sandy or gravel ly, gran itic; elevation
400-1 220 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-August.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
Threatened by development, grazing, and
vehicles. USFWS uses the name Cistanthe
pulchella. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical
Club 29:79 ( 1 902) for original description,
Leaflets ofWestern Botany 2( 1 3 ):222-225
( 1 940) for revised nomenclature, Brittonia
27: 1 97-208 ( 1 975) for taxonomic treat­
ment, and Madrano 28(3): 1 88 ( 1 981 ) for
d istributional information.
Calyptridium quadripetalum Wats.
"four-petaled pussypaws" Portulacaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Glenn, Lake, Napa, Sonoma, Tehama,
Tri nity
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest / sandy or gravel ly, usually serpen­
tinite; elevation 31 S-2040 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J une.
Threatened by vehicles. See Proceedings of
the American Academy ofArts and Sciences
20:356 ( 1 885) for original description.
Calystegia atriplicifolia Hal lier f ssp.
buttensis Bru m mitt
" Butte Cou nty m orning-glory"
Convolvulaceae
List 18 / RED 2- 1 -3
Butte, Shasta, Tehama
592A, 592B, 592C, 5920, 608C, 6090,
663B
Lower montane con iferous forest;
elevation 600-1 200 meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
May-J u ly.
Can be variable. See Kew Bulletin 35(2):327
( 1 980) for original description.
Calystegia collina (Greene)
Bru m m itt ssp. oxyphylla Bru m m itt
"Mt. Sai nt Helena morni ng-glory"
Convolvu laceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Lake, Mendocino, Sonoma
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest, valley and foothi l l grassland / ser­
pentinite; elevation 305- 1 0 1 0 meters.
Perenn ial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
April-J u ne.
Threatened by road mai ntenance. See
Kew Bulletin 35(2):328 ( 1 980) for original
description.

Calystegia collina (Greene)
Bru m m itt ssp. venusta Bru m mitt
"South Coast Range morni ng-glory"
Convolvu laceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Fresno, Monterey, Santa Barbara, San
Benito
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, valley
and footh ill grassland / serpentinite or
sed imentary; elevation 425-1 1 30 meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
April-J une.
Can be relatively abundant and tolerant
of d isturbance. See Kew Bulletin 35(2):328
( 1 980) for original description.
Calystegia macrostegia (Greene)
Bru m mitt ssp. amplissima Bru m m itt
" island morn ing-glory" Convolvu laceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Santa Barbara Island, San Clemente
Island, San Nicolas Island
Coastal bluffscrub, coastal d unes, valley
and footh ill grassland / rocky; elevation
1 0-275 meters.
Peren nial herb, blooms February-J u ly.
i Relatively common and widespread where
it occurs. See Kew Bulletin 35(2):327
�
( 1 980) for original description.
Calystegia macrostegia ssp.
macrostegia
Considered but rejected: too common
Calystegia malacophylla (Greene)
M u nz var. berryi ( Eastw. ) Bru m m itt
" Berry's morn i n g-glory" Convolvu laceae
List 3 / RED ?-1 -3
Fresno, Tu lare
3 3 1 A, 353C, 354B, 354D, 355A
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest; elevation 6 1 0-2440 meters.
Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
J uly-August.
Move to List 1 B? May hybridize with C.
occidentalis ssp. fulcrata. See C. malacophylla
ssp. malacophylla i n The Jepson Manual. See
Proceedings ofthe California Academy ofSci­
ences I l l 2:287 ( 1 902) for original descrip­
tion, and Kew Bulletin 29:502 ( 1 974) for
taxonomic revision.
Calystegia peirsonii (Abrams)
Bru m m itt
" Peirson's morni ng-glory" Convolvulaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Los Angeles
(
C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Chaparral, chenopod scrub, cismontane
woodland , coastal scrub, lower montane
coniferous forest, valley and foothill
grassland; elevation 30-1 500 meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
May-J une.
Threatened by grazing. lntergrades with
other Calystegia spp. See Illustrated Flora of
the Pacific States 3:387 ( 1 95 1 ) by L.
Abrams for original description, and
Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical Garden
52(2 ) :2 1 4-2 1 6 ( 1 965) for revised
nomenclature.
Calystegia purpurata (Greene)
Bru m m itt ssp. saxicola ( Eastw. )
Bru m m itt
"coastal b l u ff morn i n g-glory"
Convolvulaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Mendoci no, Marin, Sonoma
485B, 485C, 502C, 503A, 503D, 520B,
5200, 537B
Coastal d unes, coastal scrub; elevation
1 5- 1 05 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-August.
See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
30(9):495 ( 1 903) for original descrip­
tion, and Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical
Garden 52(2):2 1 4 ( 1 965) for revised
nomenclature.
Calystegia sepium ( L. ) R. Br. ssp.
binghamiae (Greene) Bru m m itt
"Santa Barbara morn ing-glory"
Convolvulaceae
List 1 A
Los Angeles*, Santa Barbara*
1 1 1 0* , 1 42B*
Marshes and swamps (coastal); elevation
0-20 meters.
Perenn ial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
Apri l-May.
Probably extirpated by wetland modifica­
tion and u rbanization. See Bulletin ofthe
California Academy ofSciences 2:41 7 ( 1 887)
for original description.
Calystegia soldanella
Considered but rejected : too com mon
Calystegia stebbinsii Bru m m itt
"Stebbins's morn i ng-glory" Convolvulaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
El Dorado, Nevada
5 1 0B, 526C, 5 27D, 542A, 542D
1 05
Chaparral (openi ngs), cismontane wood­
land / serpentinite or gabbroic; elevation
1 85-730 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Apri 1-J u ly.
Known from fewer than fifteen occur­
rences. Threatened by development, vehi­
cles, road mai ntenance, and alteration of
fire regimes. See Kew Bulletin 29:499
( 1 975) for original description.
Calystegia subacaulis H . & A ssp.
episcopalis Bru m m itt
"Cambria morni ng-glory" Convolvulaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
San Luis Obispo
246C, 2470, 271 D
Chaparral, cismontane woodland;
elevation 60-500 meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
April-May.
l ntergrades with ssp. subacaulis. See Kew
Bulletin 35(2):327 ( 1 980) for original
description.
Camissonia arenaria (A. Nels. )
Raven
"sand eve n i ng-primrose" Onagraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -1
I m perial, Riverside, San Bernardino; Ari­
zona, Sonora (Mexico)
Sonoran desert scrub (sandy or rocky);
elevation 70-91 5 meters.
Annual/perennial herb, blooms
March-May.
Similar to C. cardiophylla. See American
journal ofBotany 2 1 (9): 575 ( 1 934) for
original description, Brittonia 1 6(3 ):281
( 1 964) for revised nomenclature, and
Contributions from the U.S. National Herbari­
um 37(5 ) : 236-237 ( 1 969) for taxonomic
treatment.
Cam issonia benitensis Raven
"San Benito evening-pri m rose" Onagraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Federal Threatened
Fresno, San Benito
339B, 339C, 339D, 340B, 340D, 363D
Chaparral, cismontane wood land /
serpentinite alluvi u m , clay or gravel ly;
elevation 600-1 280 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Known only from the New l d ria area.
Threatened by vehicles. Protected in part
at ACEC ( B LM). See Contributions from the
U.S. National Herbarium 37(5):332 ( 1 969)
for original descri ption.
1 06 C N P S I N V E NTO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS
Camissonia boothii ( Doug!. ) Raven
ssp. alyssoides ( H . & A . ) Raven
"Pine Creek eveni ng-pri m rose" Onagraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -1
Lassen, Modoc; Nevada
Great Basin scrub / sandy; elevation
600-1 700 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-August.
Usually common during favorable springs,
as in Lassen County in 1 993. See Brittonia
1 6:285 ( 1 964) for revised nomenclature,
Contributions from the U.S. National Herbari­
um 37(5):362-364 ( 1 969) for taxonomic
treatment, and Madroflo 44( 1 ) : 1 06-1 08
( 1 997) for clarification of taxonomy.
Camissonia boothii ( Doug! . ) Raven
ssp. boothii
" Booth's eveni ng-pri m rose" Onagraceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1
I nyo, Mono, San Bernard i no; Arizona,
Nevada, Washi ngton
1 3 2C, 1 33A, 1 58D, 209D, 282B, 470D
Joshua tree "wood land'', pi nyon and
juniper woodland; elevation 900-2400
meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms April-May.
Possibly threatened by m i n i ng. See Britto­
nia 1 6:285 ( 1 964) for revised nomencla­
ture, Contributions from the U.S. National
Herbarium 37( 5 ) :365-366 ( 1 969) for
taxonomic treatment, and Madroflo
44( 1 ) : 1 06-1 08 ( 1 997) for clarification
of taxonomy.
Camissonia boothii ( Doug! . ) Raven
ssp. intermedia ( M u nz) Raven
"hairy eveni ng-pri m rose" Onagraceae
List 2 / RED 2-1-1
I nyo, Mono, San Bernard i no; Nevada
274C, 279A, 302B, 346B, 41 0C, 41 1 B,
4SA, 453D
Great Basin scrub (sandy), pi nyon and
juniper woodland ; elevation 1 500-21 SO
meters.
Annual herb, blooms J u ne.
See North American Flora I I 5 : 1 52 ( 1 965)
for original description, Contributions from
the U.S. National Herbarium 37:364 ( 1 969)
for revised nomenclature, and Madrano
44( 1 ): 1 06-1 08 ( 1 997) for clarification of
taxonomy.
Camissonia boothii ssp. inyoensis
Considered but rejected: too common
Camissonia claviform is (Torr. &
Fre m . ) Raven ssp. cruciform is ( Kel I . )
Raven
"cruciform eveni ng-primrose" Onagraceae
List 2 / RED 2-1-1
Lassen, Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon
602A, 602D, 620C, 62 1 A, 621 D, 638C,
638D, 639D, 707D
Chenopod scrub, Great Basin scrub;
elevation 600-1 400 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J uly.
See Proceedings ofthe California Academy of
Sciences 2:227 ( 1 863) for original descrip­
tion, Brittonia 1 6:282 ( 1 964) for revised
nomenclature, and Contributions from the
U.S. National Herbarium 37:2 1 3-2 1 4
( 1 969) for taxonomic treatment.
Camissonia claviformis ssp.
lancifolia
Considered but rejected : too common
Camissonia graciliflora
Considered but rejected: too common
Camissonia guadalupensis (Wats. )
Raven ssp. clementina ( Raven )
Raven
"San Clemente Island evening-pri m rose"
Onagraceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
San Clemente Island
SCMC, SCMN
Coastal du nes; elevation 0-30 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
See Aliso 5:332 ( 1 963) for original descrip­
tion, Brittonia 1 6:284 ( 1 964) for revised
nomenclature, and Contributions from the
U.S. National Herbarium 37(5):275 ( 1 969)
for taxonomic treatment.
Camissonia hardhamiae Raven
" Hardham's eveni ng-primrose" Onagraceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Monterey, San Lu is Obispo
24SA, 24SB, 246A, 293B, 3 1 9 D
Chaparral, cismontane woodland /
sandy, decom posed carbonate, d isturbed
or burned areas; elevation 240-6 1 0
meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
Known from approximately ten occur­
rences. Threatened by proposed road
construction in San Luis Obispo County
See Contributions from the U.S. National
Herbarium 37( 5):301 ( 1 969) for original
descri ption.
Camissonia heterochroma
Considered but rejected : too common
Camissonia integrifolia Raven
" Kern River eveni ng-pri m rose" Onagraceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
Kern
259C, 260A, 2 6 1 D
Chaparral; elevation 700- 1 000 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May.
See Contributions from the U.S. National
Herbarium 37(5):344 ( 1 969) for origi nal
descri ption.
Camissonia kernensis ( M u nz)
Raven ssp. kernensis
" Kern Cou nty eveni ng-pri m rose"
Onagraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3
Kern, Santa Barbara
Chaparral, Joshua tree "woodland", pi ny­
on and jun iper woodland / sandy or grav­
el ly, granitic; elevation 790-1 800 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May.
See Americanjournal ofBotany 1 8: 737
( 1 93 1 ) for original description, Brittonia
1 6:284 ( 1 964) for revised nomenclature,
and Contributions from the U.S. National
Herbarium 37( 5):309-3 1 0 ( 1 969) for tax­
onomic treatment.
Camissonia lewisii Raven
" Lewis's evening-pri m rose" Onagraceae
List 3 / RED ?-?-2
Los Angeles, Orange*, San Diego; Baja
California
1 0B, 1 0C, 1 1 A, 1 1 D, 22C, 34D, 36A,
5 1 A, 70B*, 73A, 90A, 90B, 1 1 1 A, 1 1 1 C,
1 1 1 D, 1 1 3 D
Coastal bluff scrub, cismontane wood­
land, coastal dunes, coastal scrub, valley
and foothi l l grassland / sandy or clay;
elevation 0-300 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-J u ne.
Move to List 4? Location, rarity, and
endangerment i nformation needed.
Dried material d ifficult to identify; appar­
ently other taxa are often m isidentified as
C. lewisii. See Contributions from the U.S.
National Herbarium 37(5):275 ( 1 969) for
original descri ption.

Camissonia minor (A. Nels.) Raven
" Nelson's eveni ng-pri mrose" Onagraceae
List 2 / RED 2-1-1
Lassen , Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon ,
Utah, Washington , Wyo m i ng, a n d else­
where
602A, 602B, 620C, 620D, 62 1 A, 62 1 D
Chenopod scrub, Great Basin scrub
(sandy); elevation 1 200-1 220 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ly.
Need q uads for Modoc County. See Bul­
letin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 26 : 1 30
( 1 899) for original description, Brittonia
1 6:285 ( 1 964) for revised nomenclature,
and Contributions from the U.S. National
Herbarium 37(5):371 -373 ( 1 969) for tax­
onomic treatment.
Camissonia pterosperma
Considered but rejected : too common
Camissonia sierrae Raven ssp.
alticola Raven
" Mono Hot Springs eveni ng-pri m rose"
Onagraceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Fresno, Madera, Mariposa?
395B, 41 4B, 41 5B, 41 5C, 41 6D, 41 7A,
41 7B, 41 7D, 436B?
Lower montane con iferous forest, upper
montane coniferous forest / granitic,
gravel and sand pans; elevation
1 340-241 0 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-August.
Known from approxi mately fifteen occur­
rences. Mariposa County record ( 436B)
needs verification. See Contributions from
the U.S. National Herbarium 37(5):329
( 1 969) for original description.
Camissonia sierrae Raven ssp.
s1errae
I 405C, 406A, 425B, 425C, 425D, 426A,
I "Yosemite eveni ng-primrose" Onagraceae
,l
f
L.ist 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Fresno, Madera, Mariposa, Tuolumne
Cismontane woodland, lower montane
coniferous forest; elevation 500-1 300
meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Can be locally abundant. Distinction from
ssp. alticola needs further study. See Contri­
butions from the U.S. National Herbarium
37(5):326 ( 1 969) for original description.
C N P S I N V E N TO RY OF R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Camissonia tanacetifolia (T. & G . )
Raven ssp. q uadriperforata Raven
"Sierra Valley eve n i ng-pri m rose"
Onagraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Lassen, Plu mas, Sierra
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­
erous forest / clay, sandy; elevation
1 300- 1 770 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Difficult to identify from ssp. tanacetifolia.
See Contributions from the U.S. National
Herbarium 37(5):248 ( 1 969) for original
descri ption.
Cam panu la californica ( Ke l l . ) H e l ler
"swamp harebell" Cam pan ulaceae
List 1 B I RED 2-2-3
Mendocino, Marin, Santa Cruz*, Sonoma
408D * , 485B, 485C, 485D, 502A*,
503A* , 503D* , 5 1 9A*, 520A, 520B,
520D, 537B, 537C, 53 7D, 552A, 552B,
553A, 568B, 568C, 569A, 569D, 585D
Bogs and fens, closed-cone coniferous
forest, coastal prarie, meadows and
seeps, marshes and swamps (freshwater),
North Coast coniferous forest / mesic;
elevation 1 -405 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
June-October.
Many occurrences have few plants.
Threatened by grazing, development,
marsh habitat loss, and loggi ng. See Pro­
ceedings ofthe California Academy ofSciences I
2 : 1 58 ( 1 86 1 ) for original description.
Campanula exigua Rattan
"chaparral harebell" Campanu laceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Alameda, Contra Costa, San Benito,
Santa Clara, Stanislaus
Cam panula wilkinsiana Green e
339B, 339C, 340D, 363A, 384B, 405B,
"Wi lkin's harebel l"
426B, 426C, 426D, 445 D, 446C, 464B,
464C
Chaparral (rocky, usually serpentin ite);
elevation 275-1 250 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Possibly threatened by m i n i ng and vehi­
cles. See Botanical Gazette 1 1 :339 ( 1 886)
for original description, and Madroiio
27(4): 1 49-1 63 ( 1 980) for taxonomic
treatment.
Cam panula griffinii
Considered but rejected: too common
1 07
Campanula scabrella Engel m .
"rough harebell" Campanu laceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Modoc, Shasta, Siskiyou, Tri n ity; Idaho,
Oregon , Washi ngton, and elsewhere
Alpine boulder and rock field (serpenti­
nite or volcan ic); elevation 2285-2800
meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
August-September.
See Madroiio 27( 4 ) : 1 79- 1 80 ( 1 980) for
d istri butional information.
Campanula sharsmithiae N . Mori n
"Sharsmith's harebel l " Cam pan u laceae
List 1 B I RED 3-2-3
Santa Clara, Stanislaus
425B, 426A
Chaparral (serpentinite, rocky); elevation
490-855 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-June.
Known from only approximately five
occurrences. Threatened by mining and
vehicles. See Madrano 27( 4): 1 49- 1 63
( 1 980) for original descri ption.
Campanula shetleri H eckard
"Castle Crags harebe l l " Campanu laceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
Shasta, Siskiyou
682A, 682B
Lower montane coniferous forest (rocky);
elevation 1 220-1 830 meters.
Perenn ial herb (rh izomatous), blooms
June-September.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
See Madroiio 20( 4):231 -235 ( 1 969) for
original description.
Campanu laceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Siskiyou, Tehama, Trin ity
625C, 667A, 667B, 668A, 684C, 698A,
698B, 698C
Meadows and seeps, subal pine conifer­
ous forest, upper montane coniferous
forest; elevation 1 525-2600 meters.
Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Ju ly-September.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Threatened by grazing and
recreation.
1 08 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS
Alpine boulder and rock field , subalpine
coniferous forest, upper montane conif­
erous forest / rocky, talus and scree;
elevation 1 900-2835 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms June-J u ly.
See Proceedings ofthe Biological Society of
Washington 1 1 : 1 70 ( 1 897) for original
description.
Cardamine gam bellii
See Rorippa gambellii
Cardamine gemmata
See Cardamine nuttallii var. gemmata
Cardamine nuttallii Greene var.
gemmata (Greene) Rol l .
"yellow-tubered toothwort" Brassicaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-2
Del Norte; Oregon, Washi ngton
739B, 739C, 740A
Canbya candida Lower montane coniferous forest, North
Coast con iferous forest / serpentinite;
elevation 1 00-700 meters.
Perennial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
April-May.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
Possi bly threatened by min ing. Candidate
for state listing in Oregon . USFWS uses
the name C. gemmata. See Pittonia 1 : 1 62
( 1 888) for original descri ption, and Har­
vard Papers in Botany 4:43-48 ( 1 993) for
revised nomenclature.
Cardamine pachystigma (Wats. )
Can bya candida Parry
Rol l . var. dissectifolia ( Detl . ) Rol l .
"pygmy poppy" Papaveraceae
"dissected-leaved toothwort" Brassicaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
List 3 / RED ?-?-3
I nyo, Kern, Los Angeles, San Bernardino
Butte, Glenn, Mendocino, Placer, Sono­
Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean ma, Tehama
desert scrub, pinyon and juniper wood­
land / sandy, granitic; elevation 534D, 540D, S69D, 574B, 5 75A, 575D,
5 8 1 A, 58 1 C, 591 C, 592A, 592B, 592D,
600-1 200 meters.
597B, 600B, 631 c
Annual herb, blooms March-J u ne.
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
Threatened by development and non­ forest / usually serpenti nite, rocky;
native plants. See Proceedings ofthe Ameri­ elevation 255-2 1 00 meters.
can Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 2: S 1
( 1 876) for original description. Perennial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
February-May.
Move to List 1 B? Location, rarity, and
Canotia holacantha endangerment i nformation needed . See
Considered but rejected: not in California
American Journal of Botany 23:575
( 1 936) for original descri ption, and
Cardam ine bellidifolia L. var. Harvard Papers i n Botany 4:43-48
( 1 993) for revised nomenclature.
pachyphylla Cov. & Lei b.
"fleshy toothwort" Brassicaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -1
Lassen, Plu mas, Shasta, Siskiyou; Oregon
Carex albida Bai ley
"white sedge" Cyperaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Sonoma
502A, 502B*
Bogs and fens, marshes and swamps
(freshwater); elevation 1 5-90 meters.
Perennial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
May-Ju ly.
Known from only one confirmed extant
occu rrence at Pitkin Marsh, with fewer
than 1 000 plants as of 1 993; three h istori­
cal occu rrences extirpated by wetland
drainage and spraying of chem ical efflu­
ents. Threatened by competition with
other plants, and potentially by altered
hydrology. See Memoirs ofthe Torrey Botani­
cal Club 1 :9 ( 1 889) for original description,
and Leaflets ofWestern Botany 8(7): 1 78-1 80
( 1 957) for taxonomic discussion.
Carex arcta Boott
"northern clustered sedge" Cyperaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Del Norte, Humboldt, Mendocino?,
Tu lare; I daho, Oregon, Washi ngton,
and elsewhere
283D, 652B, 653C, 672A, 672C
Bogs and fens, North Coast coniferous
forest ( mesic ); elevation 60- 1 400 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-August.
Does plant occur in Mendocino County?
Carex atherodes Spreng.
"awned sedge" Cyperaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Lassen, Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, New
Mexico, Oregon , Utah, Washington, and
elsewhere
67SC, 692A
Meadows and seeps, marshes and
swamps, pi nyon and j u n i per woodland /
mesic; elevation 1 300- 1 400 meters.
Perennial herb (stolon iferous), blooms
J u ne-August.
On review list in Oregon .
Carex buxbaumii Wah le n b.
" Buxbau m's sedge" Cyperaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
Glenn, H u m boldt, I nyo, Mari n , Plumas,
Shasta, Siskiyou, Sonoma, Tehama,
Tu l are , Tuolumne; and elsewhere
Bogs and fens, meadows and seeps
(mesic), marshes and swamps; elevation
3-3300 meters.

Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
March-August.
Carex califomica Bai ley
"California sedge" Cyperaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Mendoci no, Sonoma?; Idaho, Oregon,
Washington, and elsewhere
537B, 552B, 553A, 568B, 568C, 569A,
569D
Bogs and fens, closed-cone coniferous
forest, coastal prarie, meadows and
seeps, marshes and swamps ( margi ns);
elevation 90-250 meters.
Perenn ial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
May-August.
Does plant occur in Sonoma Cou nty?
Sensitive i n Idaho. See Memoirs ofthe Tor­
rey Botanical Club 1 :9 ( 1 889) for origi nal
description.
Carex comosa Boott
" bristly sedge" Cyperaceae
List 2 / RED 3-3-1
Contra Costa, Lake, Mendocino, San
Bernardino*, Santa Cruz*, San Francis­
co*, Shasta, San Joaq u i n , Sonoma;
Idaho, Orego n * , Washi ngton , and else­
where
1 07D?*, 407C* , 408D?*, 462B, 480D,
503D, 5 1 8C, 535A, 550A, 678C
Coastal prarie, marshes and swamps
( lake margins), valley and foothill grass­
land; elevation 0-425 meters.
Perennial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
May-Septem ber.
,. Location, rarity, and endangerment
i nformation needed; need historical
q uads for San Francisco Cou nty. Fairly
widely d istri buted, but apparently rarely
collected. Threatened by marsh drainage.
Endangered in I daho, endangered in
Oregon , and state-l isted as Sensitive i n
Washi ngton.
Carex congdonii Bai l ey
"Congdon's sedge" Cyperaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Fresno, I nyo, Madera, Mono, Mariposa,
Tu lare, Tuolumne
Alpine bou lder and rock field, su bal pine
coniferous forest (rocky); elevation
2600-3900 meters.
Perenn ial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
Ju ly-August.
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 1 09
Carex davyi M kze. Meadows and seeps, pi nyon and j u n iper
woodland, su bal pine coniferous forest /
" Davy's sedge" Cyperaceae often pu mice; elevation 1 370-2 1 05
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3 meters.
Alpine, Amador, Calaveras, El Dorado, Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Nevada, Placer, Tuolumne May-September.
Subalpine coniferous forest, u pper mon­
tane coniferous forest; elevation
Carex hystericina M u h l .
1 500-3200 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ne. " bottlebrush sedge" Cyperaceae
List 2 / RED 3-3-1
Simi lar to C. petasata.
Tri n ity; Arizona, Idaho, Oregon, Wash­
i ngton, and elsewhere
Carex eleocharis Bai ley
649A, 667D
"spikerush sedge" Cyperaceae Marshes and swamps (stream banks);
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1 elevation 6 1 0 meters.
Inyo, Mono; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon*, Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
Wash i ngton, and elsewhere J u ne.
43 1 C, 432A, 450D Known i n California only from Rush
Great Basin scrub, subalpine coniferous Creek. Endangered i n Oregon, and
forest; elevation 3500-41 00 meters. state-listed as Sensitive i n Was h i ngton.
Perenn ial herb (rh izomatous), blooms
July-August. Carex incurviformis M kze. var.
Endangered in Oregon, and state-l isted danaensis (Stacey) F.J . Herm .
as Sensitive in Wash i ngton .
"Dana's sedge" Cyperaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
Carex geyeri Boott
I nyo, Mono, Tu lare, Tuolu mne; a n d else­
"Geyer's sedge" Cyperaceae where
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1 Alpine boulder and rock field; elevation
Butte, H u m boldt, Plumas, Sierra, Siski­ 3700-4000 meters.
you, Tri nity; Oregon , and elsewhere Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­ J u ly-August.
erous forest; elevation 1 1 55-2 1 00 See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 2 : 1 66 ( 1 939)
meters. for original description and 7(1 2 ): 288
Perenn ial herb (rh izomatous), blooms ( 1 955) for revised nomenclature, and
May-J u ne. Madrano 37(1 ):64 ( 1 990) for information
Threatened by loggi ng. on Mono County collection.
Carex gigas ( Ho l m ) M kze. Carex incu rviform is var.
incurviformis
"Siskiyou sedge" Cyperaceae
Considered but rej ected : not in California
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Del Norte, Pl u mas, Siskiyou, Tri nity;
Oregon Carex inops Bai ley ssp. inops
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­ "long-stoloned sedge" Cyperaceae
ows and seeps, upper montane conifer­ List 3 / RED ?-1 - 1
ous forest / mesic, sometimes serpentinite H u m boldt, Lassen, Modoc, Shasta, Siski­
seeps; elevation 71 0-2345 meters. you; Oregon, Wash ington, and elsewhere
Perennial herb (rh izomatous), blooms 680D, 681 A, 682 D, 686C, 696B, 698A,
May-J u ly. 698D
Endangered in Oregon. Lower montane coniferous forest ( rocky);
elevation 1 000-2000 meters.
Carex halliana Bai l ey Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
"Hall's sedge" Cyperaceae Apri l-June.
List 2 I RED 3-1 -1 Move to List 2? Need q uads for Lassen
and Modoc cou nties. Simi lar to C. penn­
Siskiyou; Oregon, Washi ngton, and else­
where sy/vanica var. vespertina (not in California).
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
7038, 71 38, 7 1 3 D, 720C Arts and Sciences 22: 1 26 ( 1 886) for origi­
nal description.
 110 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Carex jepsonii
Considered but rejected: a synonym of C.
whitneyi; a common taxon
Carex lasiocarpa Ehrh.
"slender sedge" Cyperaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Lassen, Plu mas; Idaho, Oregon , Wash­
i ngton, and elsewhere
572B, 623B, 624B, 625A, 625B
Bogs and fens, marshes and swamps
(freshwater, lake margins); elevation
1 800-2 1 00 meters.
Perenn ial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
June-J u ly.
Known in Cal i fornia from only six occur­
rences. On review l ist in Oregon .
Carex leptalea Wah l .
"Aaccid sedge" Cyperaceae
List 2 I RED 3-2-1
Del Norte, Humboldt, Mari n * , Trin ity;
Idaho, Oregon , and elsewhere
485C* , 654B, 666B, 689A, 689C, 722B
Bogs and fens, meadows and seeps
( mesic), marshes and swamps; elevation
0-700 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
May-J uly.
Apparently extirpated in Marin County by
wetland conversion. Sensitive in Idaho.
Carex limosa L.
"shore sedge" Cyperaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Butte, El Dorado, Fresno, Lassen,
Plumas, Siskiyou, Tuolu mne; Nevada,
and elsewhere
396A, 456A, 522C, 524A, 590D, 607C,
607D, 608D, 625A, 625B, 674A, 682B
Bogs and fens, lower montane coniferous
forest, meadows and seeps, marshes and
swamps, u pper montane coniferous for­
est; elevation 1 200-2700 meters.
Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
June-August.
Possi bly more widespread in the Sierra
Nevada.
Carex livida (Wa h l . ) Wi l l d .
" livid sedge" Cyperaceae
List 1A
Mendoci no*; I daho, Oregon , Washing­
ton , and elsewhere
569D*
Bogs and fens; elevation 0 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
June.
Known in California only from one col­
lection (in 1 866) near Mendocino. Field
surveys unsuccessful. Extirpated from
Californ ia; Sensitive in Idaho, and endan­
gered i n Oregon.
Carex lyngbyei Horn e m .
" Lyngbye's sedge" Cyperaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Del Norte, Humboldt, Mendocino,
Marin; Oregon, and elsewhere
485D, 537B, 584C, 585D, 655A, 672C,
672D, 689D, 723B, 740C
Marshes and swamps (brackish or fresh­
water); elevation 0- 1 0 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
May-August.
Carex norvegica Retz.
"Scand inavian sedge" Cyperaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Mono; Idaho, New Mexico, Oregon,
Utah, Wash ington, and elsewhere
432A, 450D
Alpine boulder and rock field, meadows
and seeps (mesic); elevation 2900 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
August.
Endangered in Oregon, and state-listed
as Sensitive in Washington. See Madrano
37(1 ):64 ( 1 990) for first California
reports ( 1 986) of this circumboreal
species.
Carex obispoensis Stacey
"San Luis Obispo sedge" Cyperaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Monterey, San Lu is Obispo
245C, 246B, 246C, 247D, 2 7 1 A, 271 B,
272A, 295C, 296B, 320D
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral ,
coastal prarie, coastal scrub, valley and
foothill grassland / often serpentinite
seeps; elevation 1 0-790 meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
April-June.
Threatened by grazing.
Carex occidentalis Bai l ey
"western sedge" Cyperaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1-1
Mono, San Bernard i no; Arizona, Idaho,
Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming,
and elsewhere
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps; elevation 1 900 meters.
Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
J u ne-August.
Known in California only from the San
Bernard ino and White mou ntai ns; need
q uads. Endangered in Idaho. See Memoirs
ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 1 : 1 4 ( 1 889) for
original description.
Carex parryana Dewey var. hallii
( O l ney) Kukenth .
" Parry's sedge" Cyperaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Mono; Nevada, and elsewhere
43 1 C, 43 1 D
Meadows and seeps, subalpine conifer­
ous forest; elevation 2850-3200 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Ju ly.
Known in Cal ifornia from only two
occu rrences near Station Pk. and Poison
Creek in the Wh ite Mtns. See Madrano
35(2): 1 64 ( 1 988) for first two Cal ifor­
nia reports (second erroneous; actually
C. norvegica) and 37( 1 ): 6 5 ( 1 990) for
explanation of error.
Carex paucifructus
Considered but rejected : a synonym of C.
mariposana; a common taxon
Carex petasata Dewey
" Liddon's sedge" Cyperaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1-1
Alpine, Lassen, Mono, Modoc; Oregon ,
and elsewhere
432A, 642A, 642B, 690C
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps; elevation 600-3200
meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne-J u ly.
Need quads for Alpine Cou nty.
Carex praticola Ryd b.
"meadow sedge" Cyperaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Del Norte, Humboldt, Madera, Mono,
Tuolumne; Idaho, Oregon, Washi ngton ,
a n d elsewhere
397B, 454A, 472C, 670C, 671 D, 672C,
696A, 704A, 706D, 740C
Meadows and seeps (mesic); elevation
0-3200 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
On review l ist in Oregon.
1

Carex saliniformis Mackenzie
"deceivi ng sedge" Cyperaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Humboldt, Mendocino, Santa Cruz*,
Sonoma
407C* , 408 D*, 503B, 537A, 537B,
552B, 5 52C, 569A, 569D, 585D, 689A,
706D
Coastal prarie, coastal scrub, meadows
and seeps, marshes and swamps (coastal
salt) / mesic; elevation 3-230 meters.
Perennial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
J une.
See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
36(8):477 ( 1 909) for original description.
Carex scirpoidea Michx. ssp.
pseudoscirpoidea ( Ryd b. ) D.A.
D u n lop
"si ngle-spi ked sedge" Cyperaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Inyo, Mono; Idaho, Nevada, New Mexi­
co, Oregon, Washi ngton, Wyom ing,
Utah, and elsewhere
41 4B, 41 5A, 453 B
Alpine bou lder and rock field, meadows
and seeps, subalpine coniferous forest
(rocky) / mesic, often carbonate;
elevation 3200-3700 meters.
Peren nial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
J u ly-September.
Possibly threatened by grazing. See Mem­
oirs ofthe New York Botanical Garden 1 : 78
t
( 1 900) for original descri ption, and
Navan 7:355-356 ( 1 997) for revised
nomenclature.
Carex scoparia Schk.
"pointed broom sedge" Cyperaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Pl umas, Shasta; Oregon , and elsewhere
628B
Great Basin scrub (mesic); elevation
1 30- 1 000 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May.
Need quads for Plumas County.
Carex serpenticola P. F. Zi ka
"serpenti ne sedge" Cyperaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1-2
Del Norte; Oregon
738A, 738B, 739A, 739B, 73 9C, 740A,
740D
Meadows and seeps (mesic, serpenti­
n ite); elevation 60-1 200 meters.
C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Perennial herb (rh izomatous), blooms
March-May.
Not in TheJepson Manual. See Madrano
45(3):261 ( 1 998) for original description.
Carex sheldonii M kze.
"Sheldon's sedge" Cyperaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Lassen, Modoc, Placer, Pl umas; Idaho,
Oregon , Utah , and elsewhere
587B, 588A, 588C, 604D, 605C, 606C,
675A, 677A, 677B, 692A, 692D
Lower montane coniferous forest ( mesic),
marshes and swamps (freshwater), ripari­
an scrub; elevation 1 200-1 755 meters.
Perennial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
May-August.
Need q uads for Placer County. Threat­
ened by grazing. On review list in Idaho.
Carex tahoensis S m i l ey
"Tahoe sedge" Cyperaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
El Dorado, Fresno, I nyo, Mono, Tuolumne
Al pine boulder and rock field, subalpine
coniferous forest (rocky); elevation
2835-38 1 0 meters.
Perennial herb (rh izomatous), blooms
July-August.
See University of California Publications
in Botany 9 : 1 1 9 ( 1 9 2 1 ) for origi nal
descri ption.
Carex tiogana D.W. Taylor & J .
Mastrogiuseppe
"Tioga Pass sedge" Cyperaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1 -3
Mono
453C, 471 D
Meadows and seeps ( mesic, lake mar­
gi ns); elevation 3 1 00-3300 meters.
Perennial herb, bloomsJuly-August.
Known from only three small occur­
rences. See Novon 9( 1 ): 1 20 ( 1 999) for
original descri ption.
Carex tompkinsii J .T. Howe II
"Tom pkins's sedge" Cyperaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
State Rare
Fresno, Mariposa, Tuolumne
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
montane coniferous forest, upper mon­
tane coniferous forest / sometimes
granitic; elevation 420-1 830 meters.
111
Perennial herb (rh izomatous), blooms
May-J u ly.
See Leaflets of Western Botany 9( 1 2 ) :
1 85-1 87 ( 1 961 ) for original descri ption.
Carex vallicola Dewey
"valley sedge" Cyperaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1
Alpine, Lassen, Mono, Modoc, Sierra;
Arizona, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico,
Oregon , Utah, Washington, Wyoming,
and elsewhere
488A, 489D, 505A, 570A, 673B, 724B
Great Basin scrub, meadows and seeps /
mesic; elevation 1 52 5-2805 meters.
Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
J u ly-August.
State-l isted as Sensitive in Washi ngton.
See Americanjournal ofScience I I 82:40
( 1 86 1 ) for original description.
Carex viridula Michx. var. viridula
"green sedge" Cyperaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Del Norte, Humboldt, Mendoci no; and
elsewhere
689A, 689C, 723B, 739C, 740B, 740C
Bogs and fens, marshes and swamps
(freshwater), North Coast coni ferous for­
est ( mesic); elevation 0-1 600 meters.
Perennial herb, bloom s J u ne-September.
Does this plant occur in the Sierra Neva­
da? Need quads for Mendocino County.
Carex vulpinoidea Michx.
"fox sedge" Cyperaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Butte, Shasta, Siskiyou, Tehama, Tri nity;
Arizona, Oregon , and elsewhere
560A, 577B, 577C, 594D, 628B, 628C,
629A
Marshes and swamps (freshwater), ripar­
ian woodland; elevation 30-1 200 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-June.
Need quads for Siskiyou and Tri nity
counties.
Carex whitneyi
Considered but rejected : too common
112 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Carlowrightia arizonica Gray
"Arizona carlowrightia" Acanthaceae
List 2 I RED 3-2-1
San Diego; Arizona, Baja California, and
elsewhere
32B, 47C
Sonoran desert scrub (sandy, granitic
alluvi u m ) ; elevation 28S-430 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms March-May.
Known i n Cal ifornia from only one
extended popu lation at Anza Borrego
SP and on adjacent private land. Possi­
bly threatened by recreational activities.
See Madrano 35(3 ):279 ( 1 988) for d i stri­
bution in California.
Carlquistia muirii (Gray) B.G.
Baldwi n
" M u ir's tarplant" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
Fresno, Kern, Monterey, Tulare
258B, 284D, 285D, 3 3 1 C, 343C, 353C,
353D, 374B, 374C, 374D, 375A, 375B,
376A, 394C
Chaparral (montane), lower montane
coniferous forest, upper montane conif­
erous forest; elevation 1 1 00-2500
meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
J u ly-August.
A synonym of Raillardiopsis muirii in The
Jepson Manual. See Botany ofCalifornia
1 : 6 1 8 ( 1 876) for original descri ption,
and Novon 9 :462-471 ( 1 999) for revised
nomenclature.
Carnegiea gigantea ( Engel m . ) Britt.
& Rose
"saguaro" Cactaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
I m perial, Riverside, San Bernardino; Ari­
zona, Sonora ( M exico)
1 1 E, 1 1 F, 26A, 26B, 41 D, 75, 94B, 1 20C,
1 2 1 C, 1 2 1 D
Sonoran desert scrub ( rocky); elevation
50- 1 500 meters.
Shrub (stem succulent), blooms
May-J u ne.
Need precise local ity i nformation for
quad 75. State flower of Arizona, where
state-listed as High ly Safeguarded. See
journal ofthe New York Botanical Garden
9 : 1 88 ( 1 908) for revised nomenclature.
Carpenteria californica Torr.
"tree-anemone" Philadelphaceae
List 1 8 I RED 3-2-3
State Threatened
Fresno, Madera
377A, 396C, 397B, 397C, 397D, 398A
Chaparral, cismontane wood land / usu­
ally gran itic; elevation 340-1 340 meters.
Shrub (evergreen) , blooms May-J u ly.
Known from only seven occu rrences.
There are h istorical reports of i ntroduced
plants in Madera County. Threatened by
development, road construction, logging,
vehicles, and overgrazing. Special man­
agement is necessary since reprod uction
is fire dependent. Protected in part at
Carpenteria BA (USFS). See Aliso
2( 2): 1 1 5-1 1 8 ( 1 950) for species
account, and Fremontia 1 0(4): 2 1 -22
( 1 983) for discussion of propagation.
Cassia covesii
See Senna covesii
Castela emoryi (Gray) Moran &
Felger
"crucifixion thorn" Simarou baceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1
Imperial, Riverside, San Bernard i no; Ari­
zona, Sonora (Mexico)
6A, 6B, 26B, 30D, 41 B, 62A, 62B, 77D,
1 00A, 1 22A, 1 22B, 1 47C, 1 48B, 1 5 1 C,
1 52D, 1 54A, 1 54B?, 1 74A, 1 8 1 C, 204C
Mojavean desert scrub, playas, Sonoran
desert scrub / gravel ly; elevation 90-670
meters.
Shrub (decid uous), blooms April-J u ly.
Protected in part at Crucifixion Thorn
Natural Area ( B LM ), Im perial County.
Castilleja affinis H . & A ssp. litoralis
( Pe n n e l l ) Ch uang & Heckard
"Oregon coast I n d ian paintbrush"
Scro p h u I ari aceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Del Norte, H u m boldt, Mendocino;
Oregon
585A, 585D, 740B, 740C
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal d u nes,
coastal scru b / sandy; elevation 1 5-1 00
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne.
Need q uads for H u m boldt County.
Threatened by development and recre­
ational activities. See Proceedings ofthe
Academy ofNatural Sciences ofPhiladelphia
99: 1 83 ( 1 947) for original description,
and Novon 2(3): 1 85 ( 1 992) for revised
nomenclature.
Castilleja affinis H . & A ssp.
neglecta (Zeile) Chuang & Heckard
"Ti buron I ndian pai ntbrush"
Scrophu lariaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
State Threatened/Federal
Endangered
Marin, Napa, Santa Clara
406B, 466B, 482B, 484C
Valley and foothi l l grassland (serpenti­
n ite); elevation 60-400 meters.
Perennial herb ( hemi parasitic), blooms
April-J une.
Known from six occurrences. Protected in
part at Ring Mtn. Preserve, Mari n Coun­
ty. Threatened by development, gravel
mining, and grazing.
Castilleja ambigua H . & A ssp.
humboldtiensis ( Keck) Chuang &
Heckard
" H u m boldt Bay owl's-clover"
Scrophu lariaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
H umboldt, Mendoci no, Mari n
485B, 485D, 568C, 569D, 655A, 672B,
672C, 672D, 689A
Marshes and swamps (coastal salt);
elevation 0-3 meters.
Annual herb (hem iparasitic), blooms
Apri I-August.
Threatened by coastal development. See
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
and Sciences IV 1 6:536 ( 1 927) for original
description, Systematic Botany 1 6( 4):
644-666 ( 1 99 1 ) for revised nomencla­
ture, and Madrano 45( 4 ):326 for d istribu­
tion i nformation.
Castilleja arachnoidea ssp.
arachnoidea
Considered but rejected: too common; a
synonym of C. arachnoidea
Castilleja arachnoidea ssp.
schizotricha
See Castilleja schizotricha
1

Castilleja arachnoidea ssp.
shastensis
Considered but rejected : a synonym of C.
arachnoidea; a common taxon
Castilleja brevilobata
See Castilleja hispida ssp. brevilobata
Castilleja campestris ( Benth . )
Ch uang & Heckard ssp. succulenta
( Hoov. ) Ch uang & H eckard
"succu lent owl's-clover"
Scrophulariaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
State Endangered/Federal
Threatened
Fresno, Madera, Merced, Mariposa, San
Joaq u i n , Stanislaus
377B, 378B, 378D, 379A, 379D*, 398C,
398D, 399C, 420C, 42 1 A, 42 1 B, 42 1 C,
421 D, 422A, 422B, 440D, 441 A, 478B
Vernal pools (often acidic); elevation
50-750 meters.
Annual herb (hemiparasitic), blooms
April-May.
Threatened by u rbanization, agriculture,
flood control, grazing, and trampl ing. See
Leaflets ofWestern Botany 1 ( 1 9): 228-229
( 1 936) for original descri ption, and Sys­
tematic Botany 1 6( 4):644-666 ( 1 991 ) for
revised nomenclature.
Castilleja cinerea Gray
"ash-gray I ndian paintbrush"
Scrophulariaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Federal Threatened
San Bernard i no
1 04B, 1 05A, 1 05B, 1 06A, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 D
MoJavean desert scrub, meadows and
seeps, pebble ( pavement) plain, pi nyon
and j u n iper wood land, upper montane
coniferous forest (clay open ings);
elevation 1 800-283 5 meters.
Perennial herb (hemiparasitic), blooms
J u ne-August.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences in the eastern San Bernardino
Mtns. Threatened by vehicles, develop­
ment, non-native plants, and grazing. See
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
and Sciences 1 9:93 ( 1 883) for original
description.
Castilleja culbertsonii
Considered but rejected: a synonym of C.
lemmonii; a common taxon
C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Castilleja densiflora ( Ben th .)
Ch uang & Heckard ssp. obispoensis
( Keck) Ch uang & Heckard
"Obispo I n d ian paintbrush"
Scrophulariaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
San Lu is Obispo
221 B, 222A, 246C, 246D, 247A, 247D,
271 B, 271 D, 2 72A, 296D
Val ley and foothi l l grassland; elevation
1 0-400 meters.
Annual herb, blooms Apri l.
Threatened by development. See Proceed­
ings ofthe California Academy ofSciences IV
1 6 :539 ( 1 927) for original description,
and Systematic Botany 1 6:656 ( 1 99 1 ) for
revised nomenclature.
Castilleja d isticha
Considered but rejected: too common; a
synonym of C. applegatei ssp. disticha
Casti lleja elata
See Castilleja miniata ssp. elata
Castilleja ewanii
See Castilleja montigena
Castilleja exserta ssp. venusta
Considered but rejected: too common
Castilleja franciscana
Considered but rejected : too common; a
synonym of C. subinclusa ssp. franciscana
Casti lleja gleasonii Elmer
" Mt. Gleason I ndian paintbrush"
Scroph u l ariaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
State Rare
Los Angeles
1 36A, 1 3 6B, 1 3 6C, 1 36D
Lower montane coniferous forest, pi nyon
and j u n i per wood land / granitic;
elevation 1 1 60-2 1 70 meters.
Perenn ial herb (hemiparasitic), blooms
May-J u ne.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
Threatened by proxim ity to campgrou nds,
fuelwood cutting, and vehicles. See C. pru­
inosa in TheJepson Manual. Angeles NF has
adopted species management guideli nes.
See Botanical Gazette 39:51 ( 1 905) for
original description.
1 13
Castilleja grisea D u n kle
"San Clemente Island I n d ian paintbrush"
Scrophu lariaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
San Clemente Island
SCMC, SCMN, SCMS
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub /
rocky; elevation 1 0-535 meters.
Perennial herb (hemiparasitic), blooms
December-August.
Feral herbivores removed from San
Clemente Island, and vegetation recover­
i ng. See Bulletin ofthe Southern California
Academy ofSciences 42:31 ( 1 943) for origi­
nal description .
Castilleja hispida Benth. ssp.
brevilobata ( Pi per) Ch uang &
Heckard
"short-lobed I nd ian paintbrush"
Scrophulariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon
Lower montane coniferous forest (ser­
pentin ite, edges and openi ngs); elevation
1 20-1 700 meters.
Perennial herb (hemiparasitic), blooms
Apri 1-J u ly.
On review list in Oregon . See Proceedings
of the Biological Society of Washington
3 3 : 1 64 ( 1 920) for original descri ption,
and Memoirs ofthe New York Botanical
Garden 2 1 :33-35 ( 1 971 ) for revised
nomenclature.
Castilleja hololeuca
See Castilleja lanata ssp. hololeuca
Castilleja lanata Gray ssp.
hololeuca (Greene) Ch uang &
Hec kard
"white-felted I ndian pai ntbrush"
Scrophulariaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Anacapa Island, Santa Cruz Island, San
Miguel Island, Santa Rosa Island
ANAC, SCZA, SCZB, SCZC, SCZD, SM I E,
SM IW, SRON
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
coastal scru b / rocky; elevation 20-365
meters.
Perenn ial herb (hemiparasitic), blooms
February-Septem ber.
Threatened by feral herbivores on Santa
Cruz and Santa Rosa islands; also by
grazing on Santa Rosa Island.
1 14 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Castilleja lasiorhyncha (Gray)
Chuang & Heckard
"San Bernard i n o Mou ntains owl's-clover"
Scrophulariaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Riverside*, San Bernard ino
66B*, 83C*, 1 05A, 1 05B, 1 05C, 1 06A,
1 06B, 1 07A, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 D, 1 32C, 1 33 D
Chaparral, meadows and seeps, pebble
( pavement) plain, upper montane conif­
erous forest / mesic; elevation 1 300-2390
meters.
Ann ual herb (hemiparasitic), blooms
J u ne-August.
Threatened by veh icles and recreation. See
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
and Sciences 1 2:82 ( 1 876) for original
description, and Systematic Botany 1 6( 4 ):
644-666 ( 1 99 1 ) for revised nomenclature.
Castilleja lassenensis
Considered but rejected: a synonym of C.
lemmonii; a common taxon
Castilleja latifolia H . & A.
"Monterey I ndian pai ntbrush"
Scrophulariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Monterey, Santa Cruz, San Lu is Obispo
Closed-cone coniferous forest, cismon­
tane wood land (openi ngs), coastal
dunes, coastal scrub / sandy; elevation
0-1 8S meters.
Perenn ial herb (hemiparasitic), blooms
February-September.
Castilleja mollis Pen n .
Threatened by non-native plants and
"soft-leaved I nd ian pai ntbrush"
sand min ing.
Castilleja latifolia ssp. latifolia
See Castilleja latifolia
Castilleja latifolia ssp.
mendocinensis
See Castilleja mendocinensis
Castilleja leschkeana
Considered but rejected: not in Califor­
n ia; name m isappl ied to C. chrymactis,
native to Alaska, extinct waif in California
Castilleja longispica
Considered but rejected: too common
Castilleja martinii var. clokeyi
Considered but rejected: a synonym of C.
applegatei ssp. martinii; a com mon taxon
Castilleja mendocinensis ( Eastw. )
Pen n .
" Mendocino coast I nd ian paintbrush"
Scrophulariaceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Humboldt, Mendocino
537C, 537D, 552B, 552C, 553A, 569A,
569D, 585A, 585D, 60 1 B, 601 D, 689C
Coastal bluff scrub, closed-cone conifer­
ous forest, coastal du nes, coastal prarie,
coastal scrub; elevation 0-1 60 meters.
Perennial herb (hemiparasitic), blooms
April-August.
Threatened by coastal development,
recreation, non-native plants, and habi­
tat fragmentation. Related to C. affinis
ssp. litoralis.
Castilleja miniata Hook. ssp. elata
( Pi per) M u nz
"Siskiyou I n d ian pai ntbrush"
Scrophulariaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon
698C, 721 C, 738A, 738D, 739A, 739B,
739C, 739D, 740A, 740D
Bogs and fens, lower montane coniferous
forest (seeps) / often serpentinite;
elevation 0- 1 750 meters.
Perennial herb (hemiparasitic), blooms
May-August.
Some speci mens confused with C. miniata
ssp. miniata.
Scro p h u lariaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Federal Endangered
San Miguel Island ?*, Santa Rosa Island
SMIW?* , SRON, SROW
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal du nes;
elevation 5-20 meters.
Perenn ial herb (hemi parasitic), blooms
April-August.
Known from Carrington Pt. Peninsula
and west ofJaw Gulch ( both Santa Rosa
Island); also one unconfirmed location at
Pt. Bennett (San Miguel Island ), where
not seen since 1 938, despite recent sur­
veys. Mainland plants previously i ncl uded
i n C. mollis are C. affinis ssp. affinis. Threat­
ened by cattle grazing and trampli ng,
feral herbivores, and non-native plants.
Likely parasitic on /socoma menziesii var.
sedoides. See Madrano 38(2) : 1 4 1 - 1 42
( 1 99 1 ) for taxonomic reassessment.
Castilleja montigena Heckard
"Heckard's I n d ian paintbrush "
Scrophu lariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
San Bernard ino
Lower montane con iferous forest, pinyon
and j u n i per woodland, upper montane
coniferous forest; elevation 1 950-2800
meters.
Perennial herb ( hemi parasitic), blooms
May-August.
Presumed to be a stabil ized species of
hybrid origi n, with C. applegatei ssp. mar­
tinii and C. angustifolia as parents; see the
former in TheJepson Manual. See Systematic
Botany 5 ( 1 ):71 -85 ( 1 980) for d iscussion
of origin and taxonomy.
Castilleja neglecta
See Castilleja affinis ssp. neglecta
Castilleja payneae
Considered but rejected: a synonym of C.
arachnoidea; a common taxon
Castilleja peirsonii
Considered but rejected: too common
Castilleja pilosa ssp. jusselii
Considered but rejected: too common; a
synonym of C. pilosa
Castilleja plagiotoma Gray
"Mojave I n dian paintbrush"
Scrophulariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Kern, Los Angeles, San Bernard i no, San
Luis Obispo
Great Basin scrub (alluvial), Joshua tree
"woodland", lower montane coniferous
forest, pinyon and jun iper woodland;
elevation 300-2500 meters.
Peren nial herb ( hemi parasitic), blooms
April-June.
Castilleja praeterita
Considered but rejected : too common
Castilleja psittacina
Considered but rejected: a synonym of C.
pilosa; a common taxon
Castilleja rubicundula U eps.)
Ch uang & H eckard ssp. rubicundula
" p i n k creamsacs" Scrophulariaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Butte, Colusa, Lake, Napa

532C, 5320, 547B, 547C, 5470, 548A,
561 D, 563C, 564D, 5 76B, 593C* , 594D
Chaparral (openi ngs), cismontane wood­
land, meadows and seeps, valley and
foothill grassland / serpentinite; elevation
20-900 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-June.
Possibly threatened by m i n i ng, vehicles,
and road construction. See Manual ofthe
Flowering Plants ofCalifornia, p. 943 (1 925)
by W.L. Jepson for original description,
and Systematic Botany 1 6( 1 ):658 ( 1 99 1 )
for taxonomic treatment.
Castilleja schizotricha Green m .
"split-hair I nd ian paintbrush"
Scrophu lariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Siskiyou; Oregon
Upper montane coniferous forest
(decomposed granitic or marble);
elevation 1 500-2300 meters.
Peren nial herb (hemiparasitic), blooms
J u ly-August.
Endangered in Oregon.
Castilleja subinclusa ssp.
franciscana
Considered but rejected : too common
Castilleja u liginosa Eastw.
" Pitkin M arsh I nd i an paintbrush"
Scrophulariaceae
List 1 A
State Endangered
Sonoma*
502A*
Marshes and swamps (freshwater);
elevation 60 meters.
Pere n n ial herb ( hemiparasitic), blooms
J une-J u ly.
Known from two occurrences in Pitkin
Marsh and Trembley's Marsh. Last
known remai ning plant died i n 1 987,
despite management efforts; field surveys
needed, although no access allowed by
landowner after 1 987. See C. miniata ssp.
miniata in TheJepson Manual. See Leaflets of
Western Botany 3: 1 66-1 1 7 ( 1 942) for
original description.
Caulanthus amplexicaulis Wats.
var. barbarae U T Howe l l ) M u nz
"Santa Barbara jewel-flower" Brassicaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1 -3
Santa Barbara
1 68B, 1 69A, 1 93C, 1 940
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
cismontane wood land / serpenti nite;
elevation 470-1 220 meters.
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Annual herb, blooms May-J uly.
Known from approximately five occur­
rences in the San Rafael Mtns. Possibly
threatened by grazing. See Leaflets ofWest­
ern Botany 9:223 ( 1 962) for original
description .
Caulanthus californicus (Wats. )
Pays.
"Californ ia jewel-flower" Brassicaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Fresno, Ki ngs*, Kern, Santa Barbara, San
Lu is Obispo, Tulare*, Ventura*
1 9 1 B*, 1 9 1 C* , 1 92A, 1 92 B * , 1 920,
2 1 4A*, 2 1 6 B * , 2 1 7C, 2 1 7D, 2 1 8A*,
2 1 90*, 239B*, 239A*, 2390*, 240A*,
240B*, 242 B*, 244C, 2 6 2 D * , 2640*,
265A, 265C*, 266A*, 266B*, 267A*,
287B* , 287C*, 2870*, 2880*, 291 B * ,
29 1 C* , 291 0*, 3 1 0C*, 3 1 1 A* , 3 1 4A*,
31 4C*, 31 5A*, 31 5C* , 3 1 5D
Chenopod scrub, pi nyon and juni per
wood land, valley and footh i l l grassland I
sandy; elevation 70-1 000 meters.
Annual h erb, blooms February-May.
Need historical quads for Ventura County.
Over 35 historical occurrences extirpated;
new populations recently discovered.
Threatened by agriculture, urbanization,
energy development, and grazing, and
possibly by non-native plants. See Fremon­
tia 1 6( 1 ): 1 8-1 9 ( 1 988) for species
account.
Caulanth us coulteri Wats. var.
lemmonii (Wats. ) M u nz
"Lem mon's jewelflower" Brassicaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Alameda*, Fresno, Kings, Kern, Mon­
terey, Santa Barbara, San Benito, San
Joaq u i n , San Luis Obispo, Stanislaus,
Ventura
1 66B, 1 90A, 1 9 1 B, 1 92B, 1 92C, 2 1 7C,
2 1 8A, 243D, 244A, 244B, 244C, 245A,
245D, 267A, 267B, 267C, 268A, 269B,
269C, 270A, 291 B, 291 C, 292D, 293D,
294C, 295A, 3 1 7A, 338B, 339A, 342D,
424B, 445A, 445D
Pinyon and juniper wood land, valley and
footh ill grassland; elevation 80-1 220
meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Need q uads for San Benito Cou nty.
Threatened by development. See Pro­
ceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
and Sciences 2 3 : 2 6 1 ( 1 888) for origi nal
descri ption, and Aliso 4(3 ) : 503 ( 1 960)
for revised nomenclature.
115
Caulanthus glaucus
Considered but rejected : too common
Caulanthus heterophyllus var.
pseudosimulans
Considered but rejected : not yet pub­
l ished
Caulanthus major Uones) Pays. var.
nevadensis Rol l .
"slender jewelflower" Brassicaceae
List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -1
Alpine, Lassen, Plu mas; Nevada, Oregon
Pinyon and j u n i per wood land (often
rocky); elevation 1 500-2500 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-J uly.
Candidate for state l isting in Oregon .
Caulanthus simulans Pays.
" Payson's jewel-flower" Brassicaceae
List 4 I RED 1 -2-3
Riverside, San Diego
Chaparral, coastal scrub / sandy,
granitic; elevation 90-2200 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-June.
Confused with C. heterophyllus var. pseu­
dosimulans (unpubl ished), which is more
coastal and, unl ike C. simulans, appears
after fires. Some populations threatened
by proposed reservoir construction, but
many populations occur on public lands
(Anza Borrego SP, BLM, and USFS). Also
th reatened by urbanization, grazing, and
road construction.
Caulanthus stenocarpus
Considered but rejected: a synonym of C.
heterophyllus var. heterophyllus; a common
taxon
Cau lostramina jaegeri ( Ro l l . ) Rol l .
"Jaeger's cau lostrami na" Brassicaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
I nyo
349C, 350B, 350D, 392D
Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and j u n iper
woodland, subal pine coniferous forest /
carbonate, rocky; elevation 2 1 3 5-2800
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Known from approximately five occur­
rences in the I nyo Mtns. See Contributions
from the Dudley Herbarium 3: 1 74 ( 1 941 )
for original description, and Contributions
from the Gray Herbarium 204: 1 55-1 57
( 1 973) for revised nomenclature.
116 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Ceanothus arboreus Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral; Cismontane woodland, lower montane
Considered but rejected: too common elevation 235-755 meters. coniferous forest; elevation 900-2000
Shrub (evergreen), blooms April-J u ne. meters.
Need verification of specimens from Shrub (evergreen ), blooms May-June.
Ceanothus confusus J .T. H owel l
quads 49B and 50A. Threatened by
" Rincon Ridge ceanothus" Rham n aceae development. Ceanothus gloriosus J. H owel l var.
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
exaltatus J . H owe II
Lake, Mendocino, Napa, Sonoma
Ceanothus divergens Parry "glory brush" Rham naceae
500B, 50 1 A, 501 B, 502A* , 5 1 7A, 5 1 7B,
5 1 7C, 5 1 7D ? * , 5 1 8B, 5 1 9A, 533C, "Calistoga ceanothus" Rham n aceae List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -3
535A, 5350, 549A List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3 Mendocino, Marin, Sonoma
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral, Lake, Napa, Sonoma Chaparral; elevation 30-6 1 0 meters.
cismontane wood land / volcanic or ser­ 500B, 501 A, 501 B, 5 1 6C, 5 1 7B, 5 1 7C, Shrub (evergreen ) , blooms March-May.
pentinite; elevation 75-1 065 meters. 5 1 70, 533C I
See Leaflets of Western Botany 2:44 ( 1 937)

1
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms Chaparral (serpentinite or volcanic, for original descri ption.
February-Apri l . rocky); elevation 1 70-950 meters.
Threatened by development. Closely relat­ Shrub (evergreen ), blooms Ceanothus gloriosus j .T. Howe l l
ed to C. prostratus. See Leaflets ofWestern February-March. I

Botany 2 : 1 60-1 62 ( 1 939) for original var. gloriosus

Threatened by development in The Gey­
description. sers geothermal area. Closely related to
C. purpureus.
Ceanothus cuneatus var.
decumbens Ceanothus ferrisae M c M i n n
Considered but rejected: not published
"Coyote ceanothus" Rhamnaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Ceanothus cuneatus ( H ook.) N utt. Federal Endangered
var. fascicularis ( M cM i n n ) Hoov. Santa Clara
" Lo m poc ceanothus" Rhamnaceae 406A, 406B, 407D
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 Chaparral, coastal scrub, valley and
Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo foothill grassland / serpentin ite; elevation
1 20-460 meters.
Chaparral (sandy); elevation 5-400
meters. Shrub (evergreen), blooms January-May.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms Known from fewer than five occurrences
February-Apri l. in the Mt. Hami lton Range. Threatened
Threatened by non-native plants. See by expansion of Anderson Reservoir spill­
Ceanothus, p. 250 ( 1 942) by H. McMinn way, development, and alteration of fire
for original description, and Leaflets of regimes. See Madrano 2 ( 1 1 ):89-90
Western Botany 1 0( 1 6):350 ( 1 966) for ( 1 933) for original description.
revised nomenclature.
Ceanothus foliosus Parry var.
Ceanothus cuneatus ( Hook.) N utt. vineatus McMi n n
var. rigid us ( N utt. ) Hoov.
"Vi ne H i l l ceanothus" Rhamnaceae
"Monterey ceanothus" Rham naceae List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 Mendoci no*, Sonoma
Monterey, Santa Cruz, San Luis Obispo 502A
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral, Chaparral; elevation 45-305 meters.
coastal scru b / sandy; elevation 3-200
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms March-May.
meters.
Nearly extirpated in Sonoma Cou nty;
Shrub (evergreen), blooms February-April. now confirmed from only one occur­
Threatened by development. l ntergrades rence. Known from one h istorical occur­
with var. fascicularis in San Lu is Obispo rence in Mendocino County, but u nable
County. to relocate; need quads.
Ceanothus cyaneus Eastw. Ceanothus fresnensis Abrams
" Lakeside ceanoth us" Rham naceae "Fresno ceanoth us" Rhamnaceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-2 List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Riverside?, San Diego; Baja California Calaveras, Fresno, Madera, Mariposa,
1 0A, 1 0C, 20A, 20D, 2 1 A, 2 1 B, 2 1 C, Tu lare, Tuolumne
2 1 D, 22B, 49B?, 50A?
" Point Reyes ceanothus" Rhamnaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Mendocino, Marin, Sonoma
Coastal bluff scrub, closed-cone con ifer­
ous forest, coastal du nes, coastal scrub /
sandy; elevation 5-520 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms March-May.
Ceanothus gloriosus J .T. H owel l
var. porrectus J .T. Howe l l
" Mt. Vision ceanoth us" Rhamnaceae
List 18 / RED 3 - 1 -3
Marin
485B, 485C, 4850
Closed-cone coniferous forest, coastal
prarie, coastal scrub, valley and footh ill
grassland; elevation 25-305 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
February-May.
Known from fewer than fifteen occur­
rences in the Mt. Vision area near Pt.
Reyes. Some plants destroyed by quarry­
i ng; occurs in areas grazed by cattle.
Ceanothus hearstiorum H oov. &
Roof
"H earst's ceanoth us" Rhamnaceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-3
State Rare
San Luis Obispo
271 B, 272A
Chaparral ( maritime), coastal prarie,
coastal scrub; elevation 75-245 meters.
Shrub (evergreen) , blooms March-April .
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
Possibly threatened by grazing. See Four
Seasons 2: 1 -5 ( 1 966) for original
description.

l

Ceanothus impressus var.
impressus
Considered but rejected: too common
Ceanothus impressus var.
. .
mpomens1s
Considered but rejected: a synonym of C.
impressus; a common taxon
Ceanothus insularis
See Ceanothus megacarpus var. insularis
Ceanothus jepsonii var. albiflorus
Considered but rejected: too common
Ceanothus j e pson ii var. j e pson ii
Considered but rejected: too common
Ceanothus maritimus H oov.
" m ariti me ceanothus" Rham naceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
State Rare
San Lu is Obispo
271 B, 272A
Coastal bluff scrub, chaparral ( mar­
itime), valley and foothi l l grassland;
elevation 1 0- 1 50 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
Jan uary-March.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
Possibly threatened by grazi ng. See
Leaflets ofWestern Bot.any 7( 4): 1 1 1 -1 1 2
( 1 953) for original descri ption .
Ceanoth us masonii McMi n n
" M ason's ceanothus" Rhamnaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
State Rare
Marin
467B, 485A
Chaparral (rocky, serpentinite); elevation
430-500 meters.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms March-Apri l .
Known from approximately five occur­
rences. May be a variety of C. gloriosus.
See Madrano 6( 5): 1 71 -1 73 ( 1 942) for
original description.
Ceanothus megacarpus N utt. var.
insularis ( Eastw. ) M u nz
"island ceanoth us" Rham naceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3
Anacapa Island, San Clemente Island,
Santa Catalina Island, Santa Cruz Island,
San Miguel Island* , Santa Rosa Island
Chaparral (sandy); elevation 30-600
meters.
C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Shrub (evergreen), blooms
December-April .
Last seen on San Miguel Island in 1 886.
Ceanothus megacarpus var.
pendulus
Considered but rejected : a synonym of
C. megacarpus var. megacarpus; a com mon
taxon
Ceanothus ophiochilus Boyd, Ross
& Arnseth
Rhamnaceae
"Vail Lake ceanoth us"
List 1 B I RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Threatened
Riverside
498, SOA
Chaparral (gabbroic or pyroxenite-rich
outcrops); elevation 580- 1 065 meters.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms
February-March.
Known from only three occurrences near
Vail Lake; first discovered in 1 989. Threat­
ened by proposed development, alteration
of fire regimes, firebreak construction, and
long-term hybridization with C. crassifolius.
See Phytologia 70(1 ): 28-41 ( 1 99 1 ) for orig­
inal description.
Ceanoth us otayensis M c M i n n
"Otay M ou ntai n ceanothus" Rham naceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-2
San Diego; Baja California
l OA, l OB, l OD
Chaparral ( metavolcanic or gabbroic);
elevation 600- 1 1 00 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms January-Apri l .
Known in Cal ifornia only from the San
Miguel and Otay mou ntai ns. Probably
origi nated as hybrid between C. crassifolius
and C. greggii var. perplexans; see the for­
mer in TheJepson Manual. Threatened by
alteration of fire regi mes, and possi bly by
Border Patrol activites. See Ceanothus
2:273 ( 1 942) for original descri ption .
Ceanoth us papillosus var.
roweanus
Considered but rejected: too common
Ceanothus pinetorum Cov.
" Kern ceanothus" Rhamnaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Inyo, Kern, Tulare
Lower montane coniferous forest, sub­
alpine coniferous forest, upper montane
coniferous forest / rocky, granitic;
elevation 1 600-2745 meters.
117
Shrub (evergreen), blooms May-J u ly.
Known only from the Kern Plateau. Mate­
rial from the Klamath Mtns. sim ilar and
needs fu rther study. See Contributions from
the U.S. National Herbarium 4:80 ( 1 893) for
original description.
Ceanothus prostratus var. laxus
Considered but rejected: a synonym of C.
prostratus; a com mon taxon
Ceanothus purpureus J eps.
"holly-leaved ceanoth us" Rham naceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Napa, Solano, Sonoma
482B, 499B, 499C, 500A, 5 1 6C, 5 1 9C
Chaparral, cismontane woodland I vol­
canic, rocky; elevation 1 20-640 meters.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms
February-J u ne.
Threatened by agriculture, residential
development, and alteration of fire
regi mes. See A Flora of Western Middle Cali­
fornia , p. 258 ( 1 90 1 ) by W. L. Jepson for
origi nal descri ption, and Fremontia 1 5( 4 ) :
2 5-26 ( 1 988) for species account.
Ceanothus rigidus
See Ceanothus cuneatus var. rigidus
Ceanothus roderickii Knight
"Pine H i l l ceanothus" Rham naceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
State Rare/Federal Endangered
El Dorado
5 1 0B, 5 1 1 A, 527D
Chaparral, cismontane woodland / ser­
pentinite or gabbroic; elevation 260-630
meters.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms May-J une.
Known from approxi mately ten occur­
rences. Threatened by residential devel­
opment and alteration of fire regimes.
See Four Seasons 2(4):23-24 ( 1 968) for
original description.
Ceanothus sonomensis J .T. Howe l l
"Sonoma cean oth us" Rham n aceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Napa, Sonoma
500B, 500C, 50 1 A
Chaparral (sandy, serpentinite or vol­
canic); elevation 2 1 5-800 meters.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms
February-April .
Known from approximately ten occur­
rences; only one occurrence known from
Napa County. Seriously threatened by
development. Closely related to C. cuneatus.
1 18 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Ceanothus verrucosus N utt. Celtis reticulata Centaurium namophilum var.

"wart-stemmed ceanoth us" Rhamnaceae Considered but rejected: too common nevadense
List 2 I RED 2-2-1 Considered but rejected: a synonym of C.
Centaurium exaltatum exaltatum; a common taxon
San Diego; Baja California
1 1 A, 1 1 B, 1 1 D, 2 1 A, 228, 22C, 220, Considered but rejected: too common
35B, 35C, 35D, 36A, 36D
Chaparral; elevation 1 -380 meters. Centaurium namophilum var.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms namophilum
December-Apri l . Considered but rejected: not i n Cal ifor­
Threatened by development. nia; misidentification of C. exaltatum; a
common taxon

Ceanothus ophiochilus

Centromadia parryi (Greene)
Greene ssp. australis ( Keck) B.G.
Baldwi n
"southern tarplant" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2
Los Angeles, Orange, Santa Barbara,
Santa Catalina Island ?, San Diego, Ven­
tura; Baja California
22B, 34C, 34D, 3SB, 3SD, 70D, 7 1 A,
71 B, 72A, 88A, 88C*, 89B*, 89C*, 89D,
90A* , 90B*, 90D, l l OB*, l l l B* , l l l C* ,
l l l D* , 1 1 3 B, 1 4 1 C(*?), 1 41 D, 1 43A,
1 43B, SCTE?
Marshes and swamps (margins), valley
and foothi l l grassland (vernally mesic),
vernal pools; elevation 0-42S meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-November.
Need confirmation of Santa Catal ina
Island occu rrences. Many Orange County
occurrences recently extirpated. Many his­
torical occu rrences also extirpated; need
information. Population fragmentation a
serious problem, and plant continues to
be threatened by urbanization, vehicles,
and foot traffic. A synonym of Hemizonia
parryi ssp. australis in TheJepson Manual. See
Madroflo 3 ( 1 ) : 1 S ( 1 93S) for original
description, and Novon 9:462-471 (1 999)
for revised nomenclature.
Centromadia parryi (Greene)
Greene ssp. congdonii ( Rob. &
Gree n m . ) B.G. Baldwi n
"Congdon's tarplant" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Alameda, Contra Costa, Monterey, Santa
Clara, Santa Cruz*, San Lu is Obispo,
Solano*
246C, 342A?, 342 B*, 364C, 36SA,
36SB, 36SC, 36SD, 366D, 386B*,
386C( * ? ), 427B, 427D*, 428A( * ? ),
446A, 446B, 446C, 447A*, 447B*,
464C, 464D, 46SA*, 482C*
Val ley and foothi l l grassland (alkaline);
elevation 1 -230 meters.
Annual herb, blooms June-November.
Severely threatened by development. A
synonym of Hemizonia parryi ssp. congdonii
i n TheJepson Manual. See Botanical Gazette
2 2 : 1 69 ( 1 896) for original descri ption,
and Novon 9:462-47 1 ( 1 999) for revised
nomenclature.
Centromadia parryi ssp. rudis
Considered but rejected : too common
C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Centromadia pungens ( H . & A. )
Greene ssp. laevis ( Keck) B.G.
Baldwin
"smooth tarplant" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
Orange*, Riverside, San Bernardi no, San
Diego
2 1 C, 32A* , 32B*, 3 5 D, 36A* , 36B*,
47D* , SOB, 67B, 68A, 68C, 68D, 69A,
69B, 69D, 84C, 8SA, 8SB, 8SC, 8SD,
86A, 86B, 86D, 87A, 87B, 87D, 1 06B*,
1 06C, 1 07A, 1 07D*, 1 08C*
Chenopod scrub, meadows and seeps,
playas, riparian woodland , valley and
footh ill grassland / alkaline; elevation
0-480 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-September.
Many h istorical occu rrences may be extir­
pated; need information. Freq uently con­
fused with other Centromadia species such
as C. parryi ssp. australis in Orange and
Los Angeles counties, and C. pungens ssp.
pungens in Kern County. Need historical
quads for Orange County. Threatened by
agricultu re, u rbanization, and flood con­
trol projects. A synonym of Hemizonia pun­
gens ssp. laevis in TheJepson Manual. See
Madroflo 3 : 1 4 ( 1 93 S ) for original descrip­
tion, and Novon 9:462-471 ( 1 999) for
revised nomenclature.
Centrostegia insignis
See Aristocapsa insignis
Centrostegia leptoceras
See Dodecahema leptoceras
Centrostegia vortriedei
See Systenotheca vortriedei
Cerastium beeringianum var.
capillare
Considered but rejected : too common
Cercidium microphyllum (Torr. )
Rose &jtn .
"l ittle-leaved palo verde" Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -1
San Bernardino; Arizona, Baja California,
Sonora (Mexico)
Mojavean desert scrub ( rocky or gravel­
ly); elevation 4S-1 070 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms April-May.
119
Known in California only from along the
Colorado River. Threatened by develop­
ment. Hybrids with C. floridum ssp. floridum
reported. See Report ofthe Pacific Railroad
Expedition 4:82 ( 1 8S7) for original descrip­
tion, Contributions from the Cray Herbarium
70:66 ( 1 924) for revised nomenclature,
and Proceedings ofthe California Academy of
Sciences IV 40:24-2 7 ( 1 974) for taxonomic
treatment.
Cercocarpus betuloides T. & G var.
blancheae (C. Schneider) Little
"island mou ntai n-mahogany" Rosaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Los Angeles, Santa Catalina Island, Santa
Cruz Island, Santa Rosa Island, Ventura
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral;
elevation 30-600 meters.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms February-May.
Does plant occur on other Chan nel
Islands?
Cercocarpus minutiflorus
Considered but rejected: too common
Cercocarpus traskiae Eastw.
"Catalina Island mou ntain-mahogany"
Rosaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Santa Catal ina Island
SCTS
Chaparral, coastal scrub / rocky,
sausserite gabbro; elevation 1 00-2 SO
meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms March-May.
Known from only one occu rrence of 1 1
matu re trees in Wi ld Boar Gully; one of
the rarest trees in Californ ia. Mainland
occurrence of one plant from Los Angeles
County ( 1 1 3C) needs confirmation; pos­
sibly i ntroduced or hybrid with C. betu­
loides var. betuloides. Threatened by feral
herbivores and hybrid ization. Recovery
work in progress. See Proceedings ofthe
California Academy ofSciences I l l 1 : 1 36
( 1 898) for original description, and Con­
servation Bioloy 3 ( 1 ) : S 2-S8 ( 1 989) for
discussion of hybridization.
Cereus giganteus
See Carnegiea gigantea
1 20 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Chaenactis carphoclinia Gray var.
peirsonii U eps.) M u nz
" Peirson's pincushion" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
Imperial, Riverside?, San Diego
3 1 B, 3 1 D, 32A, 46D, 47D
Sonoran desert scrub (sandy); elevation
3-500 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-Apri l .
Known o n l y from t h e eastern Santa Rosa
Mtns, where known from few collections.
Does plant occur in Riverside Cou nty?
See Madrano 1 ( 1 7):259 ( 1 929) for origi­
nal descri ption, and Manual ofSouthern
California Botany, p. 567 ( 1 93 5 ) by P.
M u nz for revised nomenclature.
Chaenactis douglasii ( Hook.) H . &
A var. alpina Gray
"alpine dusty maidens" Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1
Alpine, El Dorado, I nyo, Siskiyou,
Tuolumne; Nevada, Oregon , and else­
where
302A, 489C, 507A, 522C, 523B, 698B,
698C
Alpine boulder and rock field (granitic);
elevation 3000-3400 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms July-September.
lntergrades downslope with var. douglasii.
California plants are atypical; plants more
uniform outside California. See Synoptical
Flora ofNorth America 1 (2):341 ( 1 884) for
origi nal description, and Proceedings ofthe
California Academy ofSciences 1 1 5:699
( 1 895) for additional information.
Chaenactis glabriuscula DC. var.
orcuttiana (Greene) Hall
Asteraceae
"Orcutt's pincushion"
List 18 / RED 2-3-2
Los Angeles, Orange*, San Diego, Ventu­
ra; Baja California
1 1 B, 1 1 D, 22B, 22C, 36A, 36B, 36D,
52B*, 70C* , 71 D * , 90B, 1 1 4B, 1 41 D
Coastal bluff scrub (sandy), coastal
du nes; elevation 3-1 00 meters.
Annual herb, blooms Jan uary-August.
Threatened by development and recre­
ation. See Western American Scientist 3: 1 57
( 1 887) for original description, and Uni­
versity ofCalifornia Publications in Botany
3 : 1 92 ( 1 907) for revised nomenclature.
Chaenactis parishii Gray
" Parish's chaenactis" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1-2
Riverside, San Diego; Baja California
1 9 B, 1 9C, 20A, 48D, 49A, 65C, 66B,
66C, 66D, 83C
Chaparral ( rocky); elevation 1 3 00-2500
meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Arts and Sciences 20:299 ( 1 885) for origi­
nal descri ption.
Chaenactis suffrutescens Gray
"Shasta chaenactis" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1-3
Siskiyou, Tri n ity
668B, 682A, 682B, 683 B, 683C, 684C,
685B, 685C, 698B, 698C, 699B, 699C,
699D, 700A, 700D, 701 B, 7 1 6A, 71 7D?,
71 8C, 71 8D, 733A
Lower montane coniferous forest, upper
montane coniferous forest / sandy, ser­
penti nite; elevation 760-2800 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-September.
Rare on the Shasta-Tri nity NF. Possibly
th reatened by development.
Chaetadelpha wheeleri Gray
" d u n e broom" Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
I nyo, Mono; Nevada, Oregon
390C, 390D, 391 A, 391 B, 432A, 450C
Desert d u nes, Great Basin scrub,
Mojavean desert scrub / sandy; elevation
850- 1 900 meters.
Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Apri 1-Septem ber.
Threatened by vehicles. See Proceedings of
the American Academy ofArts and Sciences
9:2 1 8 ( 1 874) for original descri ption,
and Madrono 2 1 (7) :459-462 ( 1 972) for
taxonomic treatment.
Chamaebatia austral is ( Bdg. )
Abrams
"southern mou ntain m isery" Rosaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
Los Angeles, San Diego; Baja California
Chaparral (gabbroic or metavolcan ic);
elevation 300-700 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
November-May.
Threatened by agricu lture. See Madrono
27( 4):1 1 1 ( 1 980) for range extension
i nformation.
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana
Considered but rejected: a synonym of
Cupressus lawsoniana; a common taxon
Chamaecyparis nootkatensis
See Cupressus nootkatensis
Chamaesyce abramsiana (Wheeler)
Koutni k
"Abrams's spu rge" Euphorbiaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Imperial, Riverside, San Bernard ino; Ari­
zona, Baja California, Nevada, Sonora
(Mexico)
4B, 5A, 1 6A, 59C, 1 76A, 1 99C
Mojavean desert scrub, Sonoran desert
scrub / sandy; elevation 5-9 1 5 meters.
Annual herb, blooms
September-November.
See Bulletin ofthe Southern California Acade­
my ofSciences 33 : 1 09 ( 1 934) for original
descri ption, Madrano 32(3): 1 88 ( 1 985)
for revised nomenclature, and Rhodora
43:240 ( 1 941 ) for taxonomic treatment.
Chamaesyce arizonica ( Enge l m . )
Arth ur
"Arizona spurge" Euphorbiaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1
Imperial?, Riverside, San Diego; Arizona,
Baja Cal iforn ia, and elsewhere
47B, 47C, 83D
Sonoran desert scrub (sandy); elevation
50-300 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms March-Apri l .
Undocumented i n I m perial County;
need q uads. See Madrano 32(3 ) :
1 87-1 89 ( 1 985) for revision of
Chamaesyce nomenclature.
Chamaesyce hooveri (Wheeler)
Koutni k
" H oover's spurge" Euphorbiaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Federal Threatened
Butte, Glenn, Merced, Stanislaus,
Tehama, Tu lare
333B, 334A, 402B, 441 A, 441 C, 441 D,
562B, 576B, 593B, 593C, 594A
Vernal pools; elevation 2 5-250 meters.
Annual herb, bloomsj uly-August.
Threatened by grazing, agricu lture, and
non-native plants. See Proceedings ofthe
Biological Society of Washington 53:9 ( 1 940)
for original description, and Madrano
32(3 ): 1 87-1 89 ( 1 985) for revised
nomenclature.
Chamaesyce ocellata ( Dur. & H i lg.)
M i l lsp ssp. rattanii (Wats. ) Koutn i k
"Stony Creek spurge" Euphorbiaceae
List 1 8 I RED 2-2-3
Colusa, Glenn, Tehama
564A, 594B, 594C, 595A, 595C, 596A,
596D, 6 1 20, 627C

Chaparral, valley and foothill grassland
(sandy or rocky); elevation 85-800
meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-October.
Need quads for Colusa County. Con­
fused with ssp. ocellata. See Proceedings of
the American Academy ofArts and Sciences
20:372 ( 1 885) for original description,
Rhodora 43 :97-1 54, 1 68-286 ( 1 941 ) for
taxonomic treatment, and Madrono
32(3): 1 87-1 89 ( 1 985) for revised
nomenclature.
Chamaesyce parishii
Considered but rejected: too common
Chamaesyce parryi ( Enge l m . ) Ryd b.
" Parry's spurge" Euphorbiaceae
List 2 I RED 3-1-1
San Bernardino; Arizona, Nevada, New
Mexico, Texas, Utah, and elsewhere
1 76B, 1 77A, 1 77D, 201 C
Desert d u nes, Mojavean desert scrub
(sandy); elevation 395-730 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-November.
Known in Cali fornia only from the vici nity
of Kelso. See American Naturalist 9:350
( 1 875) for original description, and Bul­
letin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 40:53
( 1 9 1 3 ) for revised nomenclature.
Chamaesyce pediculifera
Considered but rejected: too common
Chamaesyce platysperma
( Engel m . ) S h i n ners
"flat-seeded spurge" Euphorbiaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-2
Imperial, Riverside, San Bernardi no?, San
Diego; Arizona, Sonora (Mexico)
30D, 32C, 82C, 1 30B?
Desert d u nes, Sonoran desert scrub
(sandy); elevation 65-1 00 meters.
Annual herb, blooms February­
September.
Known in California from only four
herbari u m collections (need confi rma­
tion) and a 1 987 collection from Imperial
County. See Desert Plants 2 ( 2 ) : 1 04-1 OS
( 1 980) for species accou nt.
Chamaesyce revoluta ( Engel m . )
Small
"revolute spu rge" Eu phorbiaceae
List 4 I RED 1 -1 - 1
Riverside, San Bernard ino, San Diego;
Arizona, Baja California, Nevada, New
Mexico, Texas, and elsewhere
C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS
Mojavean desert scru b ( rocky); elevation
1 095-3 1 00 meters.
Annual herb, blooms August-September.
See Flora ofthe Southeastern United States,
p. 7 1 1 ( 1 903) by J . K. Small for revised
nomenclature, and Madrano 44(2):205
( 1 997) for occu rrence information.
Chamaesyce vallis-mortae Mi l lsp.
" Death Valley sand mat" Euphorbiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
I nyo, Kern, San Bernardino
Mojavean desert scru b (sandy or gravel­
ly); elevation 230-1 300 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-October.
Threatened by veh icles and trampl ing.
See Field Columbian Museum Botanical Series
2(1 ) :403 ( 1 9 1 6) for original descri ption.
Cheilanthes clevelandii
Considered but rejected: too common
Cheilanthes clokeyi
Considered but rejected : not published
Cheilanthes cochisensis
See Astrolepis cochisensis
Cheilanthes fibrillosa
Considered but rejected: a sterile hybrid
between C. covillei and C. newberryi
Cheilanthes lim itanea var.
limitanea
See AT2J1rochosma limitanea var. limitanea
Cheilanthes newberryi
Considered but rejected: too com mon
Cheilanthes viscida
Considered but rejected : too com mon
Cheilanthes wootonii Maxon
"Wooton 's lace fern" Pteridaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1
Inyo, San Bernardino; Arizona, Baja Cali­
fornia, Nevada, New Mexico, Sonora
(Mexico), Utah, and elsewhere
200A, 22SD
Joshua tree "wood land", pi nyon and
ju niper wood land / rocky; elevation
1 600-1 900 meters.
Perenn ial herb (rhizomatous), ferti le
May-October.
121
Reported from the Panamint Mtns. in A
Flora ofSouthern California ( 1 974) by P.
Munz; need quads. See Proceedings ofthe
Biological Society of Washington 3 : 1 46 ( 1 9 1 8)
for original description, Madrono 25( 1 ):56
( 1 978) for distri butional i nformation,
and Phytologia 41 (6):431 -437 ( 1 979) for
nomenclature.
Chenopodium gigantosperm um
See Chenopodium simplex
Chenopodium nevadense
Considered but rejected : too common
Chenopodium simplex (Torr. ) Raf.
"large-seeded goosefoot" Chenopod iaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
I nyo, Modoc, Pl u mas; a n d elsewhere
Lower montane coniferous forest (open­
i ngs, disturbed areas), pinyon and juniper
woodland (carbonate); elevation
1 400-2400 meters.
Annual herb, blooms June-October.
Chlorogalum grandiflorum H oov.
"Red H i l l s soaproot" Li liaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Amador, El Dorado, Placer, Tuolumne
458B, 458C, 459A, 459D, 493 B, 509D,
5 1 0B, 5 1 1 A, 525B, 527D
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
montane con iferous forest / serpentinite
or gabbroic; elevation 245-1 005 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
May-J u ne.
Threatened by development, min ing, and
vehicles. Protected i n part at Red H i l ls
ACEC ( BLM ), Tuolumne County. See
Leaflets ofWestern Botany 2(8): 1 28 ( 1 938)
for original descri ption.
Chlorogalum parviflorum
Considered but rejected : too common
Chlorogalum pomeridianum ( DC.)
Ku nth. var. minus Hoov.
"dwarf soaproot" Li liaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Colusa, Lake, San Lu is Obispo, Sonoma,
Tehama
246C, 246D, 247D, 5 1 9 D, 533C, 548A,
564D, 596A, 596B, 596C
Chaparral ( serpenti nite ); elevation
305-1 000 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
May-August.
See Madrano 5( 5): 1 44 ( 1 940) for original
descri ption.
1 22 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS
Chlorogalum purpureum Bdg. var.
purpureum
"purple amole" Li l iaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3
Federal Threatened
Monterey
295A, 295B, 295C, 3 1 8C*
Chaparral, cismontane wood land, valley
and foothill grassland / gravel ly, clay;
elevation 240-340 meters.
Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
April-J u ne.
Known from only approxi mately five
occu rrences near Jolon on Ft. H u nter
Liggett. Threatened by foot traffic, vehi­
cles, and m i l i tary activities, and poten­
tially by grazing.
Chlorogalum purpureum Bdg. var.
reductum H oov.
"Camatta Canyon amole" Lil iaceae
List 18 / RED 3-3-3
State Rare/Federal Threatened
San Luis Obispo
245A
Cismontane woodland (serpentin ite);
elevation 600-6 1 5 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
Apri l-May.
Known from only two occu rrences in the
La Panza Range. Threatened by vehicles,
and potentially by grazing. A portion of
one occu rrence has been fenced by CNPS
and USFS, but vertical trespass sti ll
occurs. See Leaflets of Western Botany
1 0: 1 23 ( 1 964) for original description.
Chorizanthe angustifolia
Considered but rejected: too common
Chorizanthe biloba var. biloba
Considered but rejected: too common
Chorizanthe biloba Good m . var.
immemora Rev. & Hard ham
"San Ben ito spineflower" Polygonaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Fresno, Monterey, San Benito
3 1 6B, 340B, 340D, 385C
Chaparral, cismontane wood land;
elevation 600-800 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-September.
Known from fewer than five occurrences.
See Phytologia 66(2): 1 37-1 3 9 ( 1 989) for
original descri ption.
Chorizanthe blakleyi Hard ham
" Blakley's spineflower" Polygonaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
Santa Barbara, Ventura
1 66A, 1 66B, 1 92B, 1 92C, 1 93A, 1 93B,
1 93 0, 1 94C, 1 940
Chaparral; elevation 600- 1 600 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Possibly threatened by vehicles, recre­
ation, road mai ntenance, and non-native
plants. Closely related to C. palmeri. See
Leaflets of Western Botany 1 0:95 ( 1 964) for
original description, and Phytologia
66(2): 1 41 -1 42 ( 1 989) for taxonomic
treatment.
Chorizanthe breweri Wats.
" Brewer's spineflower" Polygonaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-3
San Luis Obispo
2 2 1 A, 2 2 1 B, 246B, 246C, 246D
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
cismontane woodland, coastal scrub /
serpenti nite, rocky or gravel ly; elevation
45-800 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-August.
Known from approximately twenty occur­
rences. Possibly threatened by road con­
struction. Closely related to C. staticoides.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Arts and Sciences 1 2: 270 ( 1 877) for original
description, and Phytologia 66( 2 ) : 1 63-1 64
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Chorizanthe californica var.
suksdorfii
See Mucronea californica
Chorizanthe cuspidata Wats. var.
cuspidata
"San Francisco Bay spineflower"
Polygonaceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Alameda*, Marin, Santa Clara?, San
Francisco, San Mateo, Sonoma?
448B, 448C, 448D, 466C, 466D*, 467A,
485B?, 485C?, 502C?, 5030?
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal d u nes,
coastal prarie, coastal scrub / sandy;
elevation 3-2 1 5 meters.
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-August.
Plant may occur in Santa Clara County;
need more i nformation. Closely related
to C. pungens. Some plants from Pt. Reyes,
Marin County ( 485B, 485C) to Bodega
Head , Sonoma County ( 502C, 5030)
probably intermediate to var. villosa. See
C. cuspidata in TheJepson Manual. See Pro­
ceedings ofthe Davenport Academy ofNatural
Sciences 4:60 ( 1 884) for original descrip­
tion, and Phytologia 66(2): 1 27-1 29
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Chorizanthe cuspidata Wats. var.
villosa ( Eastw. ) M u nz
"woolly-headed spineflower" Polygonaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Mari n, Sonoma
485B, 485C, 502C, 503D
Coastal dunes, coastal prarie, coastal
scrub / sandy; elevation 3-60 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-August.
Known from fewer than ten occu rrences.
See C. cuspidata in TheJepson Manual. See
Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 30:485
( 1 903) for original description, and Phy­
tologia 66( 2): 1 27- 1 30 ( 1 989) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Chorizanthe douglasii Benth.
" Douglas's spineflower" Polygonaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Monterey, San Benito, San Lu is Obispo
Chaparral, cismontane woodland ,
coastal scrub, lower montane con iferous
forest / sandy or gravel ly; elevation
5 5-1 600 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ly.
See Phytologia 66(2): 1 1 8-1 20 ( 1 989) for
taxonomic treatment.
Chorizanthe fimbriata var.
fimbriata
Considered but rejected : too common
Chorizanthe fimbriata var.
laciniata
Considered but rejected : too common
Chorizanthe howellii Good m .
" Howell's spineflower" Polygonaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
State Threatened/Federal
Endangered
Mendocino
569A, 585D
Coastal d unes, coastal prarie, coastal
scru b / sandy; elevation 0-35 meters.
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Known from only seven occu rrences near
Ten Mile River dunes north of Fort Bragg.
Threatened by recreational activities, vehi­
cles, and non-native plants. Closely relat­
ed to C. pungens. See Annals ofthe Missouri
Botanical Garden 2 1 :44 ( 1 934) for original
description, and Phytologia 66(2): 1 3 1 -1 32
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Chorizanthe insignis
See Aristocapsa insignis
Chorizanthe leptoceras
See Dodecahema leptoceras
Chorizanthe parryi Wats. var.
fernandina (Wats. ) Jeps.
Chorizanthe leptotheca Good m .
"San Fernando Valley spineflower"
" Pen insular spineflower" Polygonaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
Riverside, San Bernard ino, San Diego;
Baja California
Chaparral, coastal scrub, lower montane
coniferous forest / all uvial fan, granitic;
elevation 300- 1 900 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-August.
Much habitat already lost to develop­
ment; also threatened by non-native
grasses. Closely related to and d ifficult to
distinguish from C. staticoides. See Annals
ofthe Missouri Botanical Garden 2 1 : 6 1
( 1 934) for original description, a n d Phy­
tologia 66( 2 ) : 1 59-1 60 ( 1 989) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Chorizanthe orcuttiana Parry
Chorizanthe parryi Wats. var.
"Orcutt's spineflower" Polygonaceae
parryi
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
" Parry's spineflower"
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
San Diego
1 1 B, 22B, 22C*, 35C* , 36D
Chaparral ( mariti me), closed-cone conif­
erous forest, coastal scrub / sandy open­
i ngs; elevation 3-1 25 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Known from only three occu rrences i n
Encinitas a n d Pt. Loma. Most historical
habitat urban ized . Threatened by foot
traffic. See Phytologia 66( 2 ): 1 83 ( 1 989)
for taxonomic treatment.
Chorizanthe palmeri Wats.
" Palmer's spineflower" Polygonaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Monterey, Santa Barbara, San Benito?,
San Lu is Obispo
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, valley
and foothill grassland / rocky, serpenti­
nite; elevation 60-700 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-August.
Does plant occur in San Benito County?
Isolated populations show local differ­
ences. Taxonomic revision in Phytologia
66(4):295-441 ( 1 989) indicates species
occurs mainly in the Santa Lucia Mtns. of
Montery and San Lu is Obispo counties.
See Proceedin� ofthe American Academy of
Arts and Sciences 1 2:271 ( 1 877) for original
description, and Phytologia 66(2 ): 1 35-1 37
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Polygonaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Candidate/Federal Candidate
Los Angeles, Orange*, Ventura
88D*, 1 1 0A*, 1 1 2B, 1 3 7C*, 1 3 7D*,
1 38A* , 1 38B, 1 38D*, 1 62B*
Coastal scrub (sandy); elevation
1 50- 1 220 meters.
An nual herb, blooms April-June.
Rediscovered in 1 999; now known from
only two occurrences. Most historical
habitat is now heavily u rbanized. Serious­
ly threatened by development. See Botany
ofCalifornia 2:481 ( 1 880) for original
descri ption, and Phytologia 66(2 ) : 1 47- 1 49
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Polygonaceae
List 3 / RED ?-2-3
Los Angeles( * ? ) , Riverside, San
Bernardino
49B, 68A, 68B, 68C, 69A, 84A, 84B,
86C, 86D, 1 06C, 1 06 D, 1 07A, 1 07B,
1 07D, 1 08B, 1 08C, 1 1 0A( * ? ) , 1 1 0B(*?),
1 1 3D(*?), 1 33C?
Chaparral, coastal scrub / sandy or
rocky, openings; elevation 40- 1 705
meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne.
1 23
Move to List 1 B? Location and rarity
i nformation needed. Known from about
twenty occurrences in Riverside County.
Habitat dwindling rapidly due to urban­
ization; may be extirpated from Los
Angeles County. Previously confused with
C. procumbens; often misidentified as this
plant. See Proceedin� ofthe American Acad­
emy ofArts and Sciences 1 2 : 2 71 ( 1 877) for
original descri ption, and Phytologia
66( 2 ) : 1 47-1 49 ( 1 989) for taxonomic
treatment.
Chorizanthe polygonoides T. & G
var. longispina (Good m . ) M u nz
"long-spined spineflower" Polygonaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
Riverside, San Diego; Baja California
9B, 1 1 B, 20A, 20D, 2 1 C?, 22A, 22B,
33D?, 36D, 49A, 49B, 50A, 50B, 5 1 B,
66D, 68B, 68C, 68D, 69B, 69C, 69D,
85C, 86C, 86D
Chaparral, coastal scrub, meadows and
seeps, valley and footh ill grassland /
often clay; elevation 30-1 450 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ly.
Much habitat already lost to develop­
ment; also threatened by non-native
grasses. See Leaflets of Western Botany
7(1 0):23 6 ( 1 955) for original descrip­
tion, and Phytologia 66(2 ) : 1 76- 1 79
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Chorizanthe procumbens
Considered but rejected : too common
Chorizanthe pungens Benth . var.
hartwegiana Rev. & H ard ham
"Ben Lomond spineflower" Polygonaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
Federal Endangered
Santa Cruz
387B, 407C, 408A?, 408B, 408C, 408D
Lower montane coniferous forest ( mar­
itime ponderosa pine sandhi l ls);
elevation 90-6 1 0 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ly.
Known only from sandhill parklands in
the Santa Cruz Mtns. Threatened by sand
mining, development, and non-native
plants. See C. pungens in TheJepson Manual.
See Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical Garden
2 1 :37 ( 1 934) for original descri ption, and
Phytologia 66( 2 ) : 1 23-1 26 ( 1 989) for taxo­
nomic treatment, and Fremontia 24( 4 ):
8-1 1 ( 1 996) for taxonomic discussion.
1 24 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS
Chorizanthe pungens Benth. var.
pungens
" Monterey spineAower" Polygonaceae
List 1 B I RED 2-2-3
Federal Threatened
Monterey, Santa Cruz, San Lu is Obispo*
271 B*, 342A, 365B, 365C, 366A, 3 66C,
3660, 386B, 386C, 387A, 3870, 4070
Chaparral ( mariti me), cismontane wood­
land, coastal du nes, coastal scrub, valley
and footh ill grassland / sandy; elevation
3-450 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-June.
Col lected in San Luis Obispo Cou nty only
once ( 1 842). Threatened by urban ization,
recreational development and activities,
agriculture, military activities, and non­
native plants. See C. pungens in TheJepson
Manual. See Phytologia 66(2): 1 23-1 25
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment, and Fre­
montia 24( 4 ):8-1 1 ( 1 996) for taxonomic
discussion.
Chorizanthe rectispina Good m .
"straight-awned spineAower" Polygonaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
Monterey, Santa Barbara, San Lu is
Obispo
1 96 0, 245A, 245B, 246A, 246B, 294B,
295A, 295B
Chaparral, cismontane woodland,
coastal scrub; elevation 200-1 035
meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J uly.
Known from approximately twenty occur­
rences. See Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical
Garden 2 1 : 72 ( 1 934) for original descrip­
tion, and Phytologia 66(2): 1 43 ( 1 989) for
taxonomic treatment.
Chorizanthe robusta Parry var.
hartwegii ( Benth . ) Rev. & Morgan
"Scott's Valley spineAower" Polygonaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3
Federal Endangered
Santa Cruz
407C, 4080
Meadows and seeps (sandy), valley and
foothi l l grassland ( m udstone and Purisi­
ma outcrops); elevation 230-245 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ly.
Known from only three occurrences i n
Scotts Valley. Threatened b y development.
See C. robusta in TheJepson Manual. See Phy­
tologia 67(5):357-360 ( 1 989) for revised
nomenclature, and Fremontia 24( 4 ):8-1 1
( 1 996) for taxonomic discussion.
Chorizanthe robusta Parry var.
robusta
"robust spineAower" Polygonaceae
List 1 8 I RED 3-3-3
Federal Endangered
Alameda*, Monterey, Santa Clara*,
Santa Cruz, San Mateo*
3 1 80*, 342A*, 366A, 3660*, 386B( * ? ) ,
387A, 387B, 3870, 407B* , 407C*,
4080( * ? ) , 427C*, 448B*, 465C*
Cismontane woodland (openings),
coastal dunes, coastal scrub / sandy or
gravel ly; elevation 3-300 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-September.
Most populations extirpated, and now
known from only four extended occur­
rences. Threatened by development, recre­
ation, mining, and non-native plants. See
C. robusta in TheJepson Manual. See Phytolo­
gia 66(2) : 1 30-1 3 1 ( 1 989) for taxonomic
treatment, and Fremontia 24( 4 ):8-1 1
( 1 996) for taxonomic discussion.
Chorizanthe spinosa Wats.
" M ojave spineAower" Polygonaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Kern, Los Angeles, San Bernard i no
Chenopod scrub, Joshua tree "wood­
land", Mojavean desert scrub; elevation
6-1 300 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ly.
Threatened by vehicles and energy devel­
opment. See Flora ofCalifornia 2 :481
( 1 880) by S. Watson for original descrip­
tion, and Phytologia 66( 2 ) : 1 09-1 1 0
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Chorizanthe staticoides ssp.
chrysacantha
Considered but rejected : a synonym of C.
staticoides; a common taxon
Chorizanthe staticoides var.
compacta
Considered but rejected : a synonym of C.
staticoides; a common taxon
Chorizanthe stell ulata
Considered but rejected : too common
Chorizanthe valida Wats.
"Sonoma spineAower" Polygonaceae
List 18 / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Marin, Sonoma*
4670*, 485C, 500C* , 502A* , 5 1 9C*
Coastal prarie (sandy); elevation 1 0-305
meters.
Annual herb, bloom s J u ne-August.
Thought extinct for 77 years; only known
extant occurrence was rediscovered i n
1 980 a t Pt. Reyes N S . Closely related to
C. pungens. See Proceedings ofthe American
Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 2 : 2 7 1 ( 1 877)
for original descri ption, Phytologia 66(2):
1 32-1 34 ( 1 989) for taxonomic treat­
ment, Fremontia 1 8( 1 ): 1 7-1 8 ( 1 990) for
species account, and Madrano 39(4):
271 -280 ( 1 992) and 40(4):285-288
( 1 993) for discussion of grazi ng effects.
Chorizanthe ventricosa Good m .
"potbell ied spineA ower" Polygonaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Fresno, Monterey, San Benito, San Luis
Obispo
Cismontane woodland, valley and
foothi l l grassland / serpenti n ite; elevation
65-1 235 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-September.
Closely related to C. palmeri. See Leaflets of
Western Botany 2(2): 1 93 ( 1 939) for origi­
nal description, and Phytologia 66(2): 1
39- 1 40 ( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Chorizanthe vortriedei
See Systenotheca vortriedei
Chorizanthe wheeleri Wats.
"Wheeler's spineAower" Polygonaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Santa Cruz Island, Santa Rosa Island
Chaparral, coastal scrub, valley and
footh ill grassland / gravelly or rocky;
elevation 5-600 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ly.
Mainland occurrences are C. staticoides; a
closely-related widespread taxon. See Pro­
ceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts and
Sciences 1 2:272 ( 1 877) for original descrip­
tion, and Phytologia 66( 2 ) : 1 64-1 66 ( 1 989)
for taxonomic treatment.
Chorizanthe xanti Wats. var.
leucotheca Goodm .
"wh ite-bracted spineA ower" Polygonaceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernardino
65C, 83A, 83B, 83C, 830, 84A, 870,
1 04C, 1 040, 1 07B, 1 62 0
Mojavean desert scrub, pi nyon and
j uniper woodland; elevation 300-1 200
meters.

Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne.
See Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical Garden
2 1 :60 ( 1 934) for original descri ption,
and Phytologia 66(2): 1 60- 1 63 ( 1 989) for
taxonomic treatment.
Chrysothamnus albidus (Gray)
Greene
"white-flowered rabbitbrush" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
I nyo, Kern, Mono; Nevada, Utah
Chenopod scrub, meadows and seeps,
playas / saline or alkaline; elevation
300-1 950 meters.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms
J u ne-Novem ber.
Threatened by hydrological changes, and
possibly by vehicles and non-native
plants. Protected in part at Fish Slough
ACEC ( BLM ). See Proceedings ofthe Ameri­
can Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 7:209
( 1 882) for original descri ption, and
Erythea 3(7): 1 07 ( 1 895) for revised
nomenclature.
Ch rysotham nus axillaris
Considered but rejected: too common; a
synonym of C. viscidiflorus ssp. axillaris
Ch rysotham nus depressus
Considered but rejected: too common
Ch rysotham nus gram ineus Hall
" Panamint rock-goldenrod" Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 2-1-1
I nyo, San Bernard i no?; Nevada
325D, 372A, 392D, 41 0C
Pinyon and j u n i per woodland, subalpine
coniferous forest / carbonate, rocky;
elevation 2200-2900 meters.
Peren nial herb, blooms June-August.
Known from the Inyo and Panamint
mountains. Does plant occur in San
Bernard i no County? See Muhlenbergia
2 :342 ( 1 9 1 6) for original descri ption.
Chrysotham n us greenei (Gray)
Greene
"Greene's rabbitbrush" Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1
I nyo; Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico,
Utah, and elsewhere
279A, 346B, 348B, 41 1 A
Chenopod scrub (sandy o r rocky);
elevation 1 340- 1 830 meters.
)
C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS
Shrub (decid uous), blooms October.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Arts and Sciences 1 1 :75 ( 1 876) for original
descri ption, and Erythea 3(6):94 ( 1 895)
for revised nomenclature.
Chrysothamnus parryi ssp.
bolanderi
Considered but rejected : a hybrid
between C. nauseosus ssp. albicaulis and
Ericameria discoidea
Cicuta bolanderi
Considered but rejected : a synonym of C.
maculata var. bolanderi; a common taxon
Cicuta maculata var. bolanderi
Considered but rejected : too common
Cinna bolanderi Scri bner
" Bo lander's woodreed" Poaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Fresno, Mariposa, Tu lare
Meadows and seeps, upper montane
coniferous forest / mesic, streamsides;
elevation 1 670-2440 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
Possibly threatened by logging and graz­
ing. See Proceedings ofthe Academy ofNatural
Sciences ofPhiladelphia 1 884:290 ( 1 884) for
original description, and Sida 1 4(4):590
( 1 991 ) for taxonomic treatment.
Cirsium and rewsii (Gray) J e ps.
" Franciscan thistle" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Contra Costa, Mari n , San Francisco, San
Mateo* , Sonoma( * ? )
409A* , 448B, 465B, 466C, 467D, 485A,
485B, 485C, 4850, 502C, 5030(*?)
Broadleaved upland forest, coastal bluff
scrub, coastal prarie, coastal scrub /
mesic, sometimes serpenti n ite; elevation
0-1 3 5 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-July.
Threatened by development and non­
native plants. See Proceedings ofthe Ameri­
can Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 0:45
( 1 874) for original descri ption, and A
Flora of Western Middle California , p. 506
( 1 90 1 ) by W. L. Jepson for revised
nomenclature.
Cirsium campylon
See Cirsium fontinale var. campy/on
1 25
Cirsium ciliolatum ( Henders. ) J .T.
Howe l l
"Ashland thistle" Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 3-3-1
State Endangered
Siskiyo u ; Oregon
733C, 733D
Cismontane woodland, valley and
footh ill grassland; elevation 800- 1 400
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-August.
Known in Cal ifornia from fewer than ten
occu rrences. Threatened by agriculture
and road mai ntenance. On review l ist
in Oregon . See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botan­
ical Club 27:348 ( 1 900) for original
descri ption.
Cirsium crassicaule (Greene) J e ps.
"slough thistle" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Kings, Kern, San Joaquin
241 D, 264C, 265A, 265B, 265D, 289C,
444A, 462D
Chenopod scrub, marshes and swamps
(sloughs), riparian scrub; elevation
3-1 00 meters.
Annual/perennial herb, blooms
May-August.
Threatened by agriculture and non-native
plants. Population sizes fluctuate widely.
Cirsium fontinale Greene var.
campylon ( H . K. Shars m . ) Kei l & C.
Turner
" Mt. H a m i lton thistle" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Alameda, Santa Clara, Stanislaus
406A* , 406B, 407A, 407B, 425B, 426A,
426C, 426D, 427D, 445D
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, valley
and foothill grassland / serpenti n ite
seeps; elevation 1 00-890 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms February­
October.
Threatened by urbanization, trampl ing,
and grazing. See Phytologia 73(4):3 1 2-3 1 7
( 1 992) for revised nomenclature.
1 26 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Cirsium fontinale (Greene) jeps. var.
fontinale
"fou ntain th istle" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
San Mateo
429A, 4480
Chaparral (openings), valley and foothil l
grassland / serpentinite seeps; elevation
90- 1 75 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne-October.
Known from only fou r occurrences in the
vicin ity of Crystal Springs Reservoir. Seri­
ously th reatened by u rbanization , d u mp­
ing, road mai ntenance, and non-native
plants. See Bulletin ofthe California Academy
ofSciences 2 : 1 5 1 -1 52 ( 1 886) for original
description.
Cirsium fontinale (Greene) Jeps.
var. obispoense J .T. Howe l l
"Chorro Creek bog thistle" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
San Luis Obispo
2 2 1 B, 246C, 2 7 1 A
Chaparral, cismontane wood land / ser­
pentin ite seeps; elevation 35-365 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms February-J uly.
Known from approximately ten occur­
rences. Threatened by grazing, develop­
ment, and proposed water d iversions.
See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 2 : 7 1 ( 1 938)
for original description.
Cirsium hydrophilum (Greene)
Jeps. var. hydrophilum
"Suisun th istle" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Federal Endangered
Solano
482A
Marshes and swamps (salt); elevation
0-1 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ly-September.
Rediscovered in 1 989 by N. Havlik on
Grizzly Island in the Su isun Marsh; now
known from two occurrences. Threat­
ened by altered hydrology and competi­
tion from native and non-native plants.
Protected in part at Grizzly Island WA
and Peytonia Slough ER (both OFG). See
Proceedings ofthe Academy ofNatural Sciences
ofPhiladelphia 44:358 ( 1 892) for original
descri ption.
Cirsium hydrophilum (Greene)
Jeps. var. vaseyi (Gray) J .T. Howe l l
"Mt. Tamalpais thistle" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Marin
467A, 467B, 484C
Broadleaved upland forest, chaparral,
meadows and seeps / serpentinite seeps;
elevation 240-620 meters.
Peren nial herb, blooms May-August.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences
on Mt. Tamalpais. Threatened by road
construction and non-native plants. See
Synoptical Flora ofNorth America 1 (2):
403-404 ( 1 884) for original description.
Cirsium loncholepis Petrak
" La Graciosa thistle" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Threatened/Federal
Endangered
Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo
1 7 1 A* , 1 95C*, 1 950, 1 96A, 1 96B,
2 2 1 B*, 22 1 0
Coastal d u nes, coastal scrub, marshes
and swamps (brackish ) / mesic; elevation
4-220 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
Known from approximately twenty occur­
rences. Threatened by development, vehi­
cles, groundwater pumpi ng, and non­
native plants, and possibly by grazing.
Cirsium nidulum
Considered but rejected: too common
Cirsium occidentale ( N utt. ) J eps.
var. compactum Hoov.
"com pact cobwebby thistle" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Monterey?, San Francisco*, San Lu is
Obispo
271 B, 271 C, 271 0, 272A, 344C?, 448B*
Chaparral, coastal du nes, coastal prarie,
coastal scrub; elevation 5-1 50 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Threatened by grazing and i nsect
predation, and potentially by road con­
struction and development. Some i nland
plants weakly separated from var. occiden­
tale. Compact, low-growi ng plants from
Monterey Cou nty (344C) are probably
not var. compactum.
Cirsium praeteriens J . F. M acbride
"lost th istle" Asteraceae
List 1 A
Santa Clara*
428B*
Habitat u n known; elevation 0-1 00
meters.
Perennial herb, bloom s J u n e-J uly.
Known from only two col lections from
Palo Alto ( last i n 1 90 1 ). Perhaps repre­
sents a casual i ntroduction from the Old
World. Not in TheJepson Manual. See Con­
tributions from the Gray Herbarium 53: 1 9
( 1 9 1 8) for original description.
Cirsium rhothophilum Blake
"su rf th istle" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
State Threatened
Santa Barbara, San Lu is Obispo
1 45B, 1 71 A, 1 71 C, 1 96B, 1 960, 221 0,
2470
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal d u nes;
elevation 3-60 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-June.
Threatened by vehicles, foot traffic, and
non-native plants. See Botanical Gazette
39:45 ( 1 905) for original description .
Cirsium walkerianu m
Considered but rejected: a synonym o f C.
quercetorum; a common taxon
Clarkia amoena ( Leh m . ) Nels. &
Macbr. ssp. whitneyi (Gray) Lewis &
Lewis
"Whitney's farewel l-to-spring" Onagraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Humboldt, Mendoci no
569A, 585A, 5850, 6 1 80, 654C
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub;
elevation 1 0- 1 00 meters.
Annual herb, bloomsJune-August.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Arts and Sciences 7:340 ( 1 865) for original
descri ption.
Clarkia australis E. Small
"Small 's southern clarkia" Onagraceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Madera, Mariposa, Tuolumne
41 8B, 438B, 439A, 455C, 456A, 456C,
4560, 4570, 474C
Cismontane woodland, lower montane
coniferous forest; elevation 800-2075
meters.

Annual herb, blooms May-August.
Threatened by logging. See Canadianjour­
nal ofBotany 49: 1 2 1 1 -1 2 1 7 ( 1 97 1 ) for
taxonomic treatment.
Clarkia biloba ( Durand) Nels. &
Macbr. ssp. australis Lewis & Lewis
" Mariposa clarkia" Onagraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Mariposa, Tuolumne
41 9B, 438A, 438B, 438C, 439B, 439C,
439D, 458B
Chaparral, cismontane woodland;
elevation 300-945 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Threatened by road mai ntenance and
non-native plants.
Clarkia biloba ( Durand) Nels. &
Macbr. ssp. brandegeae Ueps. )
Lewis & Lewis
" Brandegee's clarkia" Onagraceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Butte, El Dorado, Nevada, Placer, Yuba
526C, 527D, 541 C, 557C, 558A, 558B,
558C, 558D, 559B, 559D, 575D
Chaparral, cismontane woodland / often
roadcuts; elevation 295-885 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J uly.
Threatened by road mai ntenance and fire
suppression. See Flora ofCalifornia 2:585
( 1 936) by W.L. Jepson for original descrip­
tion, and University ofCalifornia Publications
in Botany 20(4):323 (1 955) for revised
nomenclature.
Clarkia borealis E. Small ssp. arida
E. Small
"Shasta clarkia" Onagraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Shasta
646A, 646D, 664D
Cismontane woodland, lower montane
coniferous forest (openings); elevation
490-595 meters.
Annual h erb, blooms J une-August.
Known from only th ree occu rrences near
Shingletown. Very simi lar to ssp. borealis;
study needed. See Canadianjournal of
Botany 49: 1 2 1 1 -1 2 1 7 ( 1 971 ) for original
descri ption.
(
I
C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Clarkia borealis E. Small ssp.
borealis
"northern clarkia" O nagraceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
Shasta, Trin ity
664A, 664D, 665B, 665D, 680B, 680C,
68 1 0
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
montane coniferous forest; elevation
400-1 340 meters.
Annual herb, blooms J u ne-September.
Known only from fewer than twenty
occurrences. Need quads for Tri nity
Cou nty. See Canadianjournal ofBotany
49 : 1 2 1 1 - 1 2 1 7 ( 1 971 ) for taxonomic
revision.
Clarkia bottae
Considered but rejected : see Clarkia
lewisii, a name previously misapplied to
this taxon
See Clarkia lewisii
Clarkia breweri (Gray) Greene
" Brewer's clarkia" Onagraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Alameda, Fresno, Merced, Monterey, San
Benito, Santa Clara, Stanislaus
Chaparral, cismontane woodland,
coastal scrub / often serpenti n ite;
elevation 2 1 5-1 000 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
Threatened by cattle grazing, and poten­
tially by reservoir construction.
Clarkia calientensis
See Clarkia tembloriensis ssp. calientensis
Clarkia concinna Fisch. & M ey.
(Greene) ssp. autom ixa Bowman
"Santa Clara red ribbons" Onagraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3
Alameda, Santa Clara
Chaparral, cismontane woodland;
elevation 90-1 500 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J uly.
See Madroiio 34( 1 ):41 -47 ( 1 987) for
original descri ption.
Clarkia concinna Fisc h . & M ey.
(Greene) ssp. raichei G. Allen, V.
Ford & L. Gottlieb
" Raiche's red ribbons" Onag raceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Mari n
485B
1 27
Coastal bluff scrub; elevation 0-1 00
meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
Known from only one occurrence near
Tamales. Threatened by grazi ng, road
mai ntenance, and non-native plants. See
Madroiio 37( 4 ):305-3 1 0 ( 1 990) for origi­
nal descri ption.
Clarkia delicata (Abrams) Nels. &
Macbr.
"delicate clarkia" Onagraceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
San Diego; Baja California
9A, 9B, l OA, 1 0B, 20D, 2 1 A, 2 1 B, 2 1 D,
2 2A, 33C, 34A, 34B, 34C, 34D, 35C
Chaparral, cismontane woodland;
elevation 235-1 000 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Threatened by development and road
i mprovement.
Clarkia exilis Lewis & Vasek
"slender clarkia" Onagraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Kern, Tu lare
Cismontane woodland; elevation
1 20-1 000 meters.
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-May.
See Evolution 1 8 :26-42 ( 1 964) for occur­
rence information.
Clarkia franciscana Lewis & Raven
"Presidio clarkia" Onagraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Alameda, San Francisco
465C, 466C
Coastal scrub, valley and footh i II grass­
land (serpenti n ite); elevation 25-335
meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-Ju ly.
Known from fewer than five occurrences.
Threatened by Army activities, veh icles,
urban ization and non-native plants. See
Brittonia 1 0 :7-1 3 ( 1 958) for original
descri ption, and Madrano 39( 1 ): 1 -7
( 1 992) for i nformation on Alameda
Cou nty occurrence.
1 28 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N O E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Clarkia gracilis ( Pi per) Nels. &
Macbr. ssp. albicaulis Ueps.) Lewis &
Lewis
"wh ite-stem med clarkia" Onagraceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Butte, Tehama
575B, 575D, 576A, 591 C, 592B, 592C,
592D, 593D, 608C, 608D
Chaparral, cismontane woodland /
sometimes serpenti nite; elevation
245-1 085 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J uly.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Threatened by urbanizatio n . See
University ofCalifornia Publications in Botany
2 :239 ( 1 907) for original descri ption
and 20:24 1 -392 ( 1 955) for taxonomic
treatment.
Clarkia gracilis ( Pi per) Nels. &
Macbr. ssp. tracyi Ueps. ) Abdel­
Hameed & R. Snow
"Tracy's clarkia" Onagraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Colusa, H u m boldt, Lake, Mendoci no,
Napa, Tehama, Trin ity
Chaparral (openings, usually serpenti­
nite); elevation 65-650 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J uly.
Threatened by residential development.
See Flora ofCalifornia 2 : 584 ( 1 936) by
W.L. Jepson for original descri ption.
Clarkia imbricata Lewis & Lewis
"Vi ne H i l l clarkia" Onagraceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Sonoma
502A
Chaparral, valley and footh ill grassland /
acidic sandy loam; elevation 50-75
meters.
Annual herb, bloomsJune-August.
Known from only two extant occur­
rences, one of which is introd uced ; a
th ird , natural occurrence has been extir­
pated . Threatened by development and
road maintenance. See Madrano 1 2( 2 ):38
( 1 953) for original descri ption.
Clarkia j olonensis Parnell
"Jolon clarkia" Onagraceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Monterey
294B, 295A, 295B, 3 1 8A, 3 1 8C, 3 1 9A,
3 1 9C, 320A, 320B, 320E, 342D, 343D,
344B, 344D, 3 66C, 366D
Chaparral, cismontane woodland,
coastal scrub; elevation 20-660 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Threatened by grazing. See Madrano
20(6):322 ( 1 970) for original description.
Clarkia lewisii Raven & Parnell
" Lewis's clarkia" Onagraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Monterey, San Benito
Broadleaved u pland forest, closed-cone
coniferous forest, chaparral, cismontane
wood land, coastal scru b; elevation
30-6 1 0 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
See Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical Garden
64:642 ( 1 977) for revised taxonomy.
Clarkia lingulata Lewis & Lewis
" Merced clarkia" Onagraceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered
Mariposa
438B
Chaparral, cismontane woodland;
elevation 400-455 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-June.
Known from only two occurrences along
the Merced River. Largest occurrence
damaged by herbicide spraying in 1 984;
also possibly threatened by road widen­
i ng. Multiagency conservation agreement
signed in 1 994. See Madrano 1 2(2 ):35
( 1 953) for original descri ption.
Clarkia mildrediae
Considered but rejected: see Clarkia mil­
drediae sspp. lutescens and mildrediae
Clarkia mildrediae ( Hel l er) Lewis
and Lewis ssp. lutescens Gottl ieb
and Janeway
"golden-anthered clarkia" Onagraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Butte, Plu mas, Sierra, Yuba
Cismontane woodl and, lower montane
coniferous forest (openings) / often
roadcuts; elevation 275-1 750 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms J u ne-August.
Threatened by road mai ntenance, alter­
ation of fire regimes, and logging. Not i n
TheJepson Manual. See Madrano 44(3):250
( 1 997) for original descri ption.
Clarkia mildrediae ( Hel ler) Lewis &
Lewis ssp. mildrediae
" M i ldred's clarkia" Onagraceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
Butte, Plumas
590B, 59 1 A, 591 B, 591 C, 592A, 592D,
607D
Cismontane woodland, lower montane
coniferous forest / sandy, usually
granitic; elevation 245-1 7 1 0 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-August.
Clarkia mosquinii E. S m a l l
"Mosq u i n 's clarkia" Onagraceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3
Butte
574B, 575A, 575B, 575C, 575D, 591 C,
591 D
Cismontane woodland, lower montane
coniferous forest / rocky, roadsides;
elevation 1 85-1 1 70 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Rediscovered in 1 99 1 by L. Janeway. See
Canadianjournal ofBotany 49: 1 2 1 1 -1 2 1 7
( 1 971 ) for original descri ption, Madrano
40( 4): 268-269 ( 1 993) for information
on rediscovery, and Madrano 42( 1 ): 79-82
( 1 995) for taxonomic discussion.
Clarkia mosquinii ssp. mosquinii
See Clarkia mosquinii
Clarkia mosquinii ssp. xerophila
Considered but rejected : a synonym of C.
mosquinii; a rare taxon
Clarkia rostrata W.S. Davis
"beaked clarkia" Onagraceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
Merced, Mariposa, Stanislaus, Tuolumne
41 9C, 420C, 42 1 A, 439C, 440A, 440C,
440D, 441 A, 442A, 459A, 459C
Cismontane woodland, valley and
foothi l l grassland; elevation 60-500
meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
See Brittonia 22:270-284 ( 1 970) for origi­
nal description.
Clarkia rubicunda ssp. blasdalei
Considered but rejected: a synonym of C.
rubicunda; a common taxon
Clarkia rubicunda ssp. rubicunda
Considered but rejected : too common
and taxonomic problem

Clarkia speciosa Lewis & Lewis ssp.
i mmaculata Lewis & Lewis
" Pismo clarkia" Onagraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Rare/Federal Endangered
San Luis Obispo
2 2 1 A, 2 2 1 B, 22 1 0
Chaparral ( margins, openings), cismon­
tane woodland, valley and footh i l l grass­
land / sandy; elevation 25-1 85 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Known from only five occurrences.
Threatened by development and road
mai ntenance, and possibly by grazing.
USFWS uses the name C. speciosa var.
immaculata. See University ofCalifornia Publi­
cations in Botany 20:291 ( 1 955) for origi­
nal descri ption.
Clarkia speciosa ssp. speciosa
Considered but rejected: too common
Clarkia springvillensis Vasek
"Spri ngvi lle clarkia" Onagraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
State Endangered/Federal
Threatened
Tu lare
308A, 308B, 309A, 332A, 332D
Chaparral, cismontane wood land, valley
and footh ill grassland / gran itic;
elevation 335-1 220 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J uly.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences in the Tu le and Kaweah river
d rainages. Threatened by non-native
plants, overgrazing, vehicles, road main­
tenance, logging, and residential develop­
ment. Sequoia NF has adopted species
management guidelines. Protected in
part at Springvi lle Clarkia ER ( DFG ). See
Madrano 1 7(7):220 ( 1 964) for original
descri ption.
Clarkia tembloriensis Vasek ssp.
calientensis (Vasek) Holsi nger
"Vasek's clarkia" Onagraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Kern
238C, 239D
Valley and footh i l l grassland; elevation
275-500 meters.
Annual herb, blooms Apri l .
C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS
Known from only three occu rrences near
Caliente Creek. Threatened by grazi ng
and non-native plants. Perhaps best
treated as C. calientensis. See Systematic
Botany 2 : 2 52-255 ( 1 977) for original
description and 1 0( 2 ) : 1 55-1 65 ( 1 985)
for taxonomic treatment.
Clarkia tembloriensis ssp.
tern bloriensis
Considered but rejected : too common
Clarkia virgata Greene
"Sierra clarkia" Onagraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Amador, Calaveras, El Dorado, Mari­
posa, Tuolumne
Cismontane woodland, lower montane
coniferous forest; elevation 400-1 1 00
meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
May form sterile hybrids with C. australis.
Clarkia xantiana Gray ssp.
parviflora ( Eastw. ) Lewis & Raven
" Kern Canyon clarkia" Onagraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Kern
260B, 284B
Cismontane woodland; elevation
1 000-1 500 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-June.
Known from only two occurrences in the
Kern River drai nage. Threatened by road
construction. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey
Botanical Club 30:492 ( 1 903) for original
descri ption, and Madrano 39(3 ): 1 63-1 69
( 1 992) for revised nomenclature.
Claytonia bellidifolia
See Claytonia megarhiza
Claytonia lanceolata Pursh. var.
peirsonii M . & J .
" Peirson's spri ng beauty"
Portulacaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
San Bernardino
1 08A, 1 34D
Subal pine coniferous forest, upper mon­
tane coniferous forest / scree; elevation
2 1 3 5-2745 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Cleome serrulata
1 29
Known only from five occurrences in the
San Gabriel Mtns. Threatened by tram­
pling and proposed ski area expansion.
Angeles N F has adopted species manage­
ment guidelines. A synonym of C. lanceola­
ta in TheJepson Manual. See Bulletin ofthe
Torrey Botanical Club 49:352 ( 1 922) for
original description.
Claytonia megarhiza (Gray) Wats.
"fell-fields claytonia" Portu lacaceae
List 2 I RED 2-1-1
Alpine, Mono, Modoc, Mariposa, Neva­
da, Tuolumne; Oregon, and elsewhere
435B, 436A, 454C, 454D, 472D, 506D,
523B, 5 55A, 690C
Alpine boulder and rock field, subal pine
coniferous forest ( rocky or gravelly);
elevation 2600-3300 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
Claytonia palustris Swanson &
Kel l ey
"marsh c laytonia" Portu lacaceae
List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -3
Butte, Fresno, Pl umas, Siskiyou, Tehama,
Tul are
Meadows and seeps (mesic), marshes
and swamps; elevation 1 000-2500
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
See Madrano 34(2) : 1 55-1 61 ( 1 987) for
original description.
Claytonia saxosa
Considered but rejected: too com mon
Claytonia spathulata var. rosulata
Considered but rejected : too common; a
synonym of C. exigua ssp. exigua
Claytonia umbel lata Wats.
"Great Basin claytonia" Portu lacaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Alpine, Lassen * , Mono, Modoc?, Siski­
you; Nevada, Oregon
488A, 505B, 603A* , 699C, 700C
Subal pine coniferous forest (tal us);
elevation 1 705-3500 meters.
Peren nial herb, blooms May-August.
Does plant occur in Modoc County? See
Botany ofthe King Exploration, p. 43 ( 1 871 )
for original description.
Considered but rejected : not native i n
California
1 30 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Cleomella brevipes Wats.
"short-ped icelled cleomella" Capparaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
I nyo, Lassen, Mono, San Bernardino;
Nevada
Meadows and seeps, marshes and
swamps, playas / alkal ine; elevation
395-2 1 95 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-October.
Possibly threatened by veh icles and tram­
pling. See Proceedings ofthe American Acade­
my ofArts and Sciences 1 7:365 ( 1 882) for
original description, and University of
Wyoming Publications in Science 1 ( 2 ) :44
( 1 922) for taxonomic treatment.
Cleomella hillmanii A. Nels.
" H i l l man's cleomella" Capparaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Lassen; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon
602A, 620D
Chenopod scrub, Great Basin scru b /
clay; elevation 1 220 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Known in Cal ifornia only from four occur­
rences. Not in TheJepson Manual. See Pro­
ceedings ofthe Biological Society of Washington
1 8: 1 71 ( 1 905) for original description.
Cneoridium dumosum
Considered but rejected: too common
Cochlearia groenlandica
See Cochlearia officinalis var. arctica
Cochlearia officinalis L. var. arctica
( DC.) Gelert
"Arctic spoonwort" Brassicaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Del Norte; Oregon, Washington, and
elsewhere
740C
Coastal bl uff scrub (on basaltic sea
stack); elevation 0-50 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Known in Cal ifornia only from a sea
stack off Crescent City. Endangered in
Oregon . See Madrano 28(3):86 ( 1 98 1 ) for
California record.
Collinsia antonina
Considered but rejected: a synonym ofC.
parryi; a common taxon
Collinsia bartsiifolia var.
bartsiifolia
Considered but rejected: too common
Colli nsia concolor
Considered but rejected : too common
Colli nsia corymbosa H erder
"round-headed chinese houses"
Scrophulariaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
H umboldt, Mendocino, Marin?, San
Francisco* , Sonoma
466C*, 569A, 585D
Coastal d unes; elevation 0-20 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-June.
Scattered distribution. Does plant occur i n
Marin County? Need quads for Humboldt
County and for "Russian colony"(Sonoma
County). May intergrade with C. bartsiifolia
var. bartsiifolia.
Collinsia franciscana
See Collinsia multicolor
Collinsia greenei
Considered but rejected: too common
Collinsia linearis
Considered but rejected: too common
Collinsia multicolor Li n d i . & Paxton
"San Francisco collinsia" Scrophu lariaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Monterey, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, San
Francisco, San Mateo
366C, 408C, 409D, 427D, 428B, 429A,
448B, 448C, 448D, 466C
Closed-cone coniferous forest, coastal
scrub / sometimes serpentinite; elevation
30-250 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Threatened by non-native plants and
u rbanization.
Colli nsia parryi
Considered but rejected : too common
Collinsia sparsiflora var.
sparsiflora
Considered but rejected: too common
Collinsia sparsiflora var. arvensis
Considered but rejected: too common
Collomia debilis var. larsenii
See Collomia larsenii
Collomia diversifolia Greene
"serpentine collomia" Polemoniaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Contra Costa, Colusa, Glenn, Lake, Men­
docino, Napa, Yolo, Shasta, Stan islaus
Chaparral, cismontane woodland / ser­
pentinite, rocky or gravelly; elevation
300-600 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J une.
Collomia larsenii ( Gray) Payson
"talus col lomia" Polemoniaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Shasta, Siskiyou; Oregon , Washi ngton
626A, 644A, 644D, 71 3C
Alpine boulder and rock field, closed­
cone coniferous forest, subalpine conifer­
ous forest, upper montane coniferous
forest / volcanic talus; elevation
22 1 0-3500 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
July-October.
Known in California from fewer than five
occurrences. Threatened by foot traffic.
On watch list in Oregon.
Collomia rawsoniana Greene
"flaming tru m pet" Polemoniaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Madera, Mariposa
397A, 397B, 41 7C, 41 7D, 41 8A, 41 8C,
418D
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps, riparian scrub / mesic;
elevation 780-2200 meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
J u ly-August.
Need quads for Mariposa County. Poten­
tially threatened by hydroelectric develop­
ment, grazi ng, and logging. l nteragency
agreement has been established between
USFWS and USFS, and Sierra NF has
adopted species management guidelines.
See American Midland Naturalist 31 : 2 1 6-231
( 1 944) for original description.
Collomia tracyi Mason
"Tracy's collomia" Polemoniaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Del Norte, Humboldt, Lassen, Siskiyou,
Tehama, Tri n ity
Lower montane coniferous forest;
elevation 300- 2 1 00 meters.
Annual herb, blooms J u ne-J u ly.

S i m i lar to C. tinctoria, but does not
i ntergrad e.
Colubrina californica Jtn .
" Las Ani mas colu brina" Rham naceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1
I m perial, Riverside, San Diego; Arizona,
Baja California, Sonora ( M exico)
1 2 B, 2 6 D, 32B, 43A, 42B, 59B, 6 1 �
6 1 C, 62A, 62B, 62C, 62D, 78C, 80D?*
Mojavean desert scrub, Sonoran desert
scrub; elevation 1 0-1 000 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms Apri l-J une.
See Proceedings ofthe California Academy of
Sciences IV 1 2: 1 085 ( 1 924) for original
descri ption, and Brittonia 23:36 ( 1 971 )
for distri butional i nformation.
Comarostaphylis diversifolia
( Parry) Greene ssp. diversifolia
"su m mer hol ly" Ericaceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-2
Orange, Riverside, San Diego; Baja
Cal iforn ia
1 0B, 1 0C, 1 0D, 2 1 B, 22B, 22C, 22D,
35A, 35B, 35C, 35D, 36A, 36D, 47C?,
5 1 B, 69C, 70C
Chaparral; elevation 30-550 meters.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms Apri l-June.
Threatened by development and gravel
mining.
Comarostaphylis diversifolia ssp.
planifolia
Considered but rejected: too common
Condalia globosajtn . var.
pu bescens Jtn.
"spi ny abrojo" Rham naceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
I m perial, Riverside; Arizona, Baja Califor­
nia, Sonora (Mexico), and elsewhere
Sonoran desert scrub; elevation
1 40-1 000 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms March-May.
See Proceedings ofthe California Academy of
Sciences IV 1 2 : 1 087 ( 1 924) for original
description, and Brittonia 1 4:332-368
( 1 972) for taxonomic treatment.
Conioselinum chinense
Considered but rejected: too common; a
synonym of C. pacificum
C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Convolvulus simulans Perry
"small-Aowered morni ng-glory"
Convolvulaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
Contra Costa, Kern, Los Angeles,
Orange, Riverside, Santa Barbara, San
Benito, San Clemente Island, Santa
Catalina Island, Santa Cruz Island, San
Diego, San Joaq uin, San Lu is Obispo,
Stanislaus; Baja California
Chaparral (openi ngs), coastal scrub, val­
ley and footh ill grassland / clay, serpenti­
nite seeps; elevation 30-700 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-July.
Rare in southern Californ ia. See Rhodora
33:76 ( 1 93 1 ) for original descri ption.
Corallorhiza trifida Chatel.
"northern coralroot" O rchidaceae
List 2 I RED 3-3-1
Plu mas; Nevada, Oregon, and elsewhere
590B
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps (edges) / mesic; elevation
1 370-1 700 meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous, ach loro­
phyllous), blooms J u ne-J u ly.
Known in California from only one occur­
rence near Buck's Lake. See The Wasmann
journal ofBiolo?)I 3 6 : 1 99-200 ( 1 978) for
information on California occurrence, Fre­
montia 1 9( 1 ):22-23 ( 1 991 ) for account of
recent discovery ( 1 990), and The Wild
Orchids ofCalifornia, p. 56-58 ( 1 995) by R.
Coleman for species account.
Cordylanthus bernardinus
See Cordylanthus eremicus ssp. eremicus
Cordylanthus brunneus ssp.
capillaris
See Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. capillaris
Cordylanthus capitatus Benth.
"Yaki ma bird 's-beak" Scrophulariaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Wash­
ington
690B, 707C, 708A, 724A, 724C, 725A
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­
erous forest, pi nyon and juniper wood­
l and; elevation 1 800-2320 meters.
Annual herb (hemiparasitic), blooms
J uly-September.
131
Known in Cal ifornia from fewer than ten
occurrences. See Systematic Botany Mono­
graphs 1 0:69-73 ( 1 986) for taxonomic
treatment.
Cordylanthus eremicus ( Cov. &
Mort. ) M u nz ssp. eremicus
"desert bird's-beak" Scrophulariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
I nyo, San Bernardino
Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean
desert scrub, pinyon and juni per wood­
land ; elevation 1 000-2800 meters.
Annual herb ( hemi parasitic), blooms
July-October.
Includes C. bernardinus. See Systematic
Botany Monographs 1 0 : 8 9-9 2 ( 1 986) for
revised taxonomic treatment.
Cordylanthus eremicus ( Cov. &
Mort. ) M u nz ssp. kernensis Ch uang
& Heckard
" Kern Plateau bird 's-beak"
Scrophu lariaceae
List 1 8 I RED 2-1-3
I nyo, Kern, Tulare
283D, 306A, 306B, 306C, 307D, 329B,
329C, 329D
Great Basin scrub, Joshua tree "wood­
land", pi nyon and jun iper woodland,
u pper montane coniferous forest;
elevation 1 675-3000 meters.
Annual herb ( hemi parasitic), blooms
July-September.
Known only from the Kern Plateau
region. See Systematic Botany Monographs
1 0:89-92 ( 1 986) for original descri ption.
Cordylanthus ferrisianus
Considered but rejected: a synonym of C.
rigidus ssp. rigidus; a common taxon
Cordylanthus helleri
Considered but rejected : too com mon; a
synonym of C. kingii ssp. he/Jeri
Cordylanthus littoralis ssp.
littoral is
See Cordylanthus rigidus ssp. littoralis
1 32 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Cordylanthus maritimus Benth.
ssp. maritimus
"salt marsh bird's-beak" Scroph u lariaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Los Angeles, Orange, Santa Barbara, San
Diego, San Luis Obispo, Ventura; Baja
California
1 1 A, 1 1 B*, 1 1 D, 71 B, 72A, 89C, 89D*,
1 1 2 D * , 1 1 4B, 1 1 4D, 1 42A, 247D
Coastal d unes, marshes and swamps
(coastal salt); elevation 0-30 meters.
Annual herb (hemiparasitic), blooms
May-October.
Threatened by vehicles, road construc­
tion, foot traffic, and loss of salt marsh
habitat. See Madrano 3 1 ( 3 ): 1 8S-1 90
( 1 984) for i nformation on parasitism.
Cordylanthus maritimus Benth.
ssp. palustris ( Be h r) Ch uang &
Heckard
" Point Reyes bird 's-beak" Scrophu lariaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
Alameda*, H u m boldt, Mari n , Santa
Clara*, San Mateo* , Sonoma; Oregon
427B*, 428A*, 447B*, 447C*, 448D*,
466B*, 466D*, 467A, 467B, 484A,
484D, 48SB, 48SC, 48SD, S02C, S03D,
6S4B, 6SSA, 672B, 672C, 672D
Marshes and swamps (coastal salt);
elevation 0-1 0 meters.
Annual herb (hemi parasitic), blooms
J u n e-October.
Once rather common in proper habitat;
now greatly reduced by development.
Also threatened by foot traffic, non­
native plants, altered hydrology, and cat­
tle grazing and tram pling. State l isted as
Endangered in Oregon. See Brittonia
2 S : 1 3S-1 S8 ( 1 973) for original descrip­
tion, and Madrano 41 (4):3 1 6-327 ( 1 994)
for ecological discussion.
Cordylanthus mollis Gray ssp.
hispidus ( Pe n n . ) Chuang & Heckard
" h ispid bird's-beak" Scrophu lariaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
Alameda, Kern, Merced, Placer, Solano
2 1 SD, 382B, 402C, 403A, 403B, 403C,
403D, 423C, 44SB, 481 B, S28D
Meadows and seeps, playas, valley and
foothill grassland / alkal i ne; elevation
1 -1 SS meters.
Annual herb (hemiparasitic), blooms
J u ne-September.
Apparently extirpated from much of the
lower San Joaq u i n Val ley. Threatened by
agricultural conversion, development,
and grazing. See Brittonia 2S: 1 3S-1 S8
( 1 973) for revised nomenclature.
Cordylanthus mollis Gray ssp.
moll is
"soft bird 's-beak" Scro p h u lariaceae
Ust 1 B I RED 3-2-3
State Rare/Federal Endangered
Contra Costa, Mari n * , Napa, Sacramen­
to*, Solano, Sonoma*
480C*, 48 1 B, 481 C, 481 D, 482A, 482C,
482D, 483A, 483 B*, 483D, 484A*
Marshes and swamps (coastal salt);
elevation 0-3 meters.
Annual herb (hemiparasitic), blooms
J u ly-November.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Threatened by erosion and marsh
drainage. See Proceedings ofthe American
Academy ofArts and Sciences 7:327-402
( 1 867) for original description, and
Madrano 2S(2 ) : 1 07 ( 1 978) for red iscov­
ery in Napa County.
Cordylanthus nevinii
Considered but rejected: too common
Cordylanthus nidularius J.T. Howe l l
" Mt. Diablo bird 's-beak" Scrop h u lariaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Rare
Contra Costa
464B
Chaparral (serpentinite); elevation
600-800 meters.
Annual herb (hemiparasitic), blooms
J u ly-August.
Known from only one occu rrence on Mt.
Diablo. Threatened by trail construction
and recreation, and possibly by fire
supression. See Leaflets ofWestern Botany
3(9):207 ( 1 943 ) for original description,
and Systematic Botany Monographs 1 0:48-SO
( 1 986) for taxonomic treatment.
Cordylanthus orcuttianus Gray
"Orcutt's bird 's-beak" Scro p h u lariaceae
List 2 / RED 3-3-1
San Diego; Baja California
1 0B, 1 0C, 1 1 0
Coastal scrub; elevation 1 0-3SO meters.
Annual herb (hemiparasitic), blooms
March-September.
Seriously threatened by u rban ization.
Cordylanthus pallescens
See Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. pallescens
Cordylanthus palmatus ( Ferris)
Macbr.
"palmate-bracted bird 's-beak"
Scrophu lariaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Alameda, Colusa, Fresno, Madera, San
Joaq u i n * , Yolo
3S9A*, 3 60A, 3 8 1 A* , 3 8 1 B, 44SB,
446A, 462A*, S 1 3B, S4SC*, S46A,
S46D, S62D
Chenopod scrub, valley and foothill
grassland (alkaline); elevation S-1 SS
meters.
Annual herb ( hemi parasitic), blooms
May-October.
Known from only n i n e occurrences.
Plants from Glenn County are i ntro­
duced (S62B). Threatened by agricul­
ture, u rbanization, veh icles, altered
hydrology, grazi ng, and i n d u strial devel­
opment. Conservation research ongo­
i ng. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
4S :399-423 ( 1 9 1 8 ) for origi nal descrip­
tion, Fremontia 1 7( 1 ): 20-23 ( 1 989) for
i nformation on Spri ngtown Alkali Sink
occu rrence (ALA Co. ) , and Environmental
Management 1 7: 1 1 S-1 27 ( 1 993) for pop­
ulation biology.
Cordylanthus parviflorus (Ferris)
Wiggins
"pu rple bird's-beak" Scrophu lariaceae
Ust 2 / RED 3-1 -1
San Bernardi no; Arizona, Idaho, Nevada,
Utah
1 76A, 1 99B, 200A, 224C, 22SD
Joshua tree "wood land", Mojavean
desert scrub, pi nyon and j u n i per wood­
land; elevation 700-2200 meters.
Annual herb (hemi parasitic), blooms
August-October.
See Systematic Botany Monographs 1 0: 7 S-77
( 1 986) for taxonomic treatment.
Cordylanthus pringlei
Considered but rejected : too common
Cordylanthus rigid us ( Be nth . ) J eps.
ssp. brevibracteatus (Gray) Mu nz
"short-bracted bird's-beak"
Scroph u lariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Kern, Tulare

Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest, pi nyon and ju niper woodland,
upper montane coniferous forest / open­
i ngs, granitic; elevation 1 000-2590
meters.
Annual herb (hemiparasitic), blooms
J uly-August.
See Botany ofCalifornia 1 :622 ( 1 876) for
original description, Aliso 4(1 ) : 98 ( 1 958)
for revised nomenclature, and Systematic
Botany Monographs 1 0:46 ( 1 986) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Cordylanthus rigidus ( Benth . ) Jeps.
ssp. littoralis ( Ferris) Chuang &
Heckard
"seasid e bird 's-beak" Scrophulariaceae
List 1 B I RED 2-3-3
State Endangered
Monterey, Santa Barbara
1 70B, 1 70D, 1 9SC, 1 96 D, 36SB, 36SC,
366A* , 3 66C* , 3 66D, 387D
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral
( mariti me), cismontane wood land,
coastal d unes, coastal scrub / sandy,
often distu rbed sites; elevation 0-21 S
meters.
Annual herb (hemi parasitic), blooms
May-October.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Threatened by development,
energy projects, vehicles, and m i litary
operations. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botani­
cal Club 45:399-423 ( 1 9 1 8) for original
descri ption, and Systematic Botany Mono­
graphs 1 0:35-48 ( 1 986) for taxonomic
treatment.
Cordylanthus tecopensis M u nz &
Roos
"Tecopa bird 's-beak" Scrophu lariaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-2
I nyo, San Bernardino; Nevada
252B, 27SB, 27SC, 276A, 322D*
Mojavean desert scrub, meadows and
seeps / mesic, alkaline; elevation 60-900
meters.
Ann ual herb (hemiparasitic), blooms
J u ly-October.
Known in California from approximately
five occurrences. Th reatened in Nevada.
See Aliso 3(2): 1 1 1 - 1 29 ( 1 955) for origi­
nal descri ption.
Cordylanthus tenuis Gray ssp.
barbatus Ch uan g & Heckard
" Fresno County bird 's-beak"
Scrophulariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Fresno
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Lower montane coniferous forest;
elevation 1 300-2000 meters.
Annual herb (hemiparasitic), blooms
J uly-August.
Plants from Madera and Mariposa coun­
ties may be this taxon; need confirma­
tion. See Systematic Botany Monographs
1 0: 50-62 ( 1 986) for original description.
Cordylanthus tenuis Gray ssp.
brunneus U eps.) M u nz
"serpentine bird 's-beak" Scrophulariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Lake, Napa, Sonoma
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
cismontane wood land / usually serpenti­
n ite; elevation 475-9 1 5 meters.
Annual herb (hemiparasitic), blooms
J u ly-August.
Threatened by development and road
mai ntenance. See Systematic Botany Mono­
graphs 1 0: 50-62 ( 1 986) for taxonomic
treatment.
Cordylanthus tenuis Gray ssp.
capillaris ( Pen n . ) Ch uang & Heckard
" Pennell's bird's-beak" Scrophulariaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
State Rare/Federal Endangered
Sonoma
502B, 5 1 8B
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral /
serpentinite; elevation 45-305 meters.
Annual herb (hemiparasitic), blooms
J u ne-September.
Known from fewer than five occurrences.
Threatened by dumping, vehicles, and
road maintenance, and potentially by
development. See Systematic Botany Mono­
graphs 1 0 : 50-62 ( 1 986) for taxonomic
treatment.
Cordylanthus tenuis Gray ssp.
pallescens ( Pen n . ) Ch uang &
Heckard
"pallid bird's-beak" Scrophulariaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Siskiyou
682A, 682B, 698B, 699A, 699B, 699C,
699D, 700A
Lower montane coniferous forest (gravel­
ly, volcan ic alluvium); elevation
695-1 645 meters.
Annual herb (hemiparasitic), blooms
J uly-September.
1 33
Known from only one extended occur­
rence near Black Butte. Threatened by
development and road maintenance.
lntergrades with ssp. viscidus; how distinct
is it? Further research needed. See System­
atic Botany Monographs 1 0: 50-62 ( 1 986)
for taxonomic treatment.
Coreopsis douglasii
Considered but rejected: too common
Coreopsis gigantea
Considered but rejected: too common
Coreopsis hamiltonii ( El mer) H . K.
Sharsm .
" Mt. H a m i lton coreopsis" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Alameda, Santa Clara, Stanislaus
40SB, 42SC, 426C, 426D, 444D, 44SD
Cismontane woodland (rocky); elevation
550-1 300 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences
in the Mt. Hamilton Range. See Botanical
Gazette 41 :323-324 ( 1 906) for original
descri ption, and Madrano 4(7): 2 1 4-2 1 S
( 1 938) for revised nomenclature.
Coreopsis maritima ( N utt. )
Hook. f.
"sea dahlia" Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
San Diego; Baja California
1 1 B, 1 1 D, 22B, 22C, 3SC, 36A, 36D, 5 1 C
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub;
elevation 5- 1 SO meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-May.
Corethrogyne filaginifolia ( H . & A.)
Nutt. var. incana ( N utt. ) Can by
"San Diego sand aster" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2
San Diego; Baja California
1 1 B, 1 1 D, 22B
Chaparral, coastal bluff scrub, coastal
scru b; elevation 3-1 1 5 meters.
Perennial herb, bloomsJu ne-September.
Known in California from o n ly six occur­
rences. Threatened by development. A
synonym of Lessingia filaginifolia var. filagini­
folia in TheJepson Manual; taxonomic study
needed .
1 34 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Corethrogyne filaginifolia ( H. & A.)
N utt. var. linifolia Hall
" Del M ar Mesa sand aster" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
San Diego
22B, 22C, 3SC, 36D
Coastal bluff scrub, chaparral ( maritime,
openings), coastal scrub / sandy;
elevation 1 5- 1 SO meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-September.
Threatened by development, trampling,
non-native plants, and road maintenance.
A synonym of Lessingia filaginifolia var. filagini­
folia in TheJepson Manual; additional taxo­
nomic work ongoing as of l 999.
Corethrogyne leucophylla Jeps.
"branching beach aster" Asteraceae
List 3 / RED 1 -2-3
Monterey, Santa Cruz, San Lu is Obispo,
San Mateo
22 1 D, 272A, 296D, 320B, 344B, 344C,
344D, 366A, 366C, 409 D
Closed-cone coniferous forest, coastal
du nes; elevation 3-60 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-December.
Move to List 4? Needs taxonomic study;
a synonym of Lessingia filaginifolia var.
filaginifolia in TheJepson Manual.
Corydalis caseana ssp. caseana
Considered but rejected : too common
Coryphantha alversonii (Coult.)
Orcutt
"foxtail cactus" Cactaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
I m perial, Riverside, San Bernardino
Mojavean desert scrub, Sonoran desert
scrub / sandy or rocky, usually granitic;
elevation 75-1 525 meters.
Shrub (stem succulent), blooms
April-J une.
Collection from Arizona m isidentified. A
synonym of Escobaria vivipara var. alversonii
i n TheJepson Manual.
Coryphantha vivipara ( N utt.) Britt.
& Rose var. rosea (Clokey) L. Benson
"viviparous foxtail cactus" Cactaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
San Bernard ino; Arizona, Nevada
200A, 200B, 225D, 226A, 249D
Mojavean desert scrub, pi nyon and
j u n i per wood land / carbonate; elevation
1 250-2700 meters.
Shrub (stem succulent), blooms
May-June.
Known i n California from fewer than
twenty occurrences. Threatened by horti­
cultural collecting. A synonym of Escobaria
vivipara var. rosea i n TheJepson Manual. See
Madrano 7(3 ):75 ( 1 943) for original
descri ption.
Crepis nana ssp. ramosa
Considered but rejected : too common
Crepis runcinata T. & G ssp. hallii
Babe. & Steb.
"Hall 's meadow hawksbeard " Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 3-3-1
I nyo, Lassen, Mono; Nevada
2 76A, 324C, 32SD, 41 1 C, 4 1 3 B , 41 3C,
432C, 434A, 4SOC, 451 D, 469C, 470B,
487C, 656C
Mojavean desert scrub, pinyon and
j u n iper wood land / mesic, alkaline;
elevation 1 250-1 450 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Threatened by grazing and groundwater
d rawdown . See Carnegie Institution ofWash­
ington Publication 504: 1 04 ( 1 938) for orig­
i nal description.
Crossosoma bigelovii
Considered but rejected : too common
Crossosoma californicum N utt.
"Catali na crossosoma" Crossosomataceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
Los Angeles, San Clemente Island , Santa
Catal ina Island; Guadal upe Island
(Mexico)
73A, SCMC, SCTE, SCTN, SCTS, SCTW
Chaparral, coastal scrub / rocky;
elevation 0-500 meters.
Shrub (decid uous), blooms
February-May.
Threatened by development on main­
land. Recovering well on San Clemente
Island. See Aliso 9: 1 7 1 - 1 78 ( 1 978) for
taxonomic treatment.
Croton wigginsii Wheeler
"Wiggi ns's croton" Euphorbiaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
State Rare
Imperial; Arizona, Baja Cal ifornia, Sono­
ra (Mexico)
2A, 2B, 1 3 B, 1 3C, 1 3 D, 1 4A, 1 4B, 1 4D,
1 S D, 2 7C, 2 7D, 28A, 28D
Desert dunes, Sonoran desert scrub;
elevation 50-1 00 meters.
Shrub, blooms March-May.
Known in California from one extended
population. See Contributions from the Gray
Herbarium 1 24:37 ( 1 939) for original
descri ption.
Cryptantha alpicola
Considered but rejected: a synonym of C.
humilis; a common taxon
Cryptantha clevelandii Greene var.
dissita Utn . ) Jeps. & Hoov.
"serpenti ne cryptantha" Boraginaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Lake, Napa, Sonoma
499B, 5 1 8A, 534B, 534D, 549C
Chaparral (serpentinite); elevation
395-580 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Historical sites need field surveys. See C.
clevelandii in TheJepson Manual. See Flora of
California 3(2):348 ( 1 943) by W.L. J epson
for original descri ption.
Cryptantha clokeyi Jtn.
"Clokey's cryptantha" Boraginaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
San Bernard i n o
1 82A
Mojavean desert scrub; elevation
800-900 meters.
Annual herb, blooms Apri l .
Known only from near Barstow. Poten­
tially threatened by expansion of Ft. I rwin
(DOD). Seejournal ofthe Arnold Arboretum
20:387 ( 1 939) for original description.
Cryptantha costata Bdg.
"ribbed cryptantha" Boraginaceae
List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -2
I m perial, I nyo, Riverside, San Bernard ino,
San Diego; Arizona, Baja California
Desert du nes, Mojavean desert scrub,
Sonoran desert scrub / sandy; elevation
60-500 meters.
Annual h erb, blooms February-May.
Cryptantha crinita Greene
"silky cryptantha" Boraginaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Shasta, Tehama
6 1 0B, 61 1 A, 61 1 C, 628A, 628B, 628C,
629A, 629D, 64SD, 646C, 647A, 647D
Cismontane woodland, lower montane
coniferous forest, riparian scrub, riparian
woodland, valley and footh i l l grassland /
gravelly stream beds; elevation 85-300
meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-May.

i Threatened by vehicles and gravel m i n i ng.
I See Erythea 3:66 ( 1 895) for original
I
descri ption.
�.
Cryptantha crymophila Jtn.
"subalpine cryptantha" Boraginaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1-3
Alpine, Mono, Tuolumne
489A, 489C, 490A, 490B, 490D, 506C,
506D, 522C
Su bal pine coniferous forest (volcanic,
rocky); elevation 2600-3200 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
Seejournal ofthe Arnold Arboretum 21 :65
( 1 940) for original description.
Cryptantha excavata Bdg.
"deep-scarred cryptantha" Boraginaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Colusa, Lake, Yolo
Cismontane woodland (sandy or gravel­
ly); elevation 1 00-500 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
(
I Cryptantha ganderi Jtn .
"Gander's cryptantha"
Boraginaceae
List 18 / RED 3-3-2
San Diego; Arizona, Baja California,
Sonora (Mexico)
31 B, 47C, 47D
Desert du nes, Sonoran desert scrub
(sandy); elevation 1 60-400 meters.
Annual herb, blooms February-May.
Known in California from fewer than five
occurrences. Seriously threatened by devel­
opment and vehicles. How rare is this plant
in Mexico? See Madrano 40(4):268 ( 1 993)
for first Arizona record and distributional
i nformation.
Cryptantha glomeriflora Greene
l "clustered-Aower cryptantha" Boraginaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
l Alpine, I nyo, Fresno, Mono, Nevada, Sier­
ra, Tulare, Tuolumne
Great Basin scrub, meadows and seeps,
subalpine coniferous forest, u pper mon­
tane coniferous forest / granitic or vol­
canic, sandy; elevation 1 800-3750
meters.
Annual herb, bloomsJu ne-September.
May be a reduced alpine derivative of C.
affinis. See Pittonia 1 : 1 1 6 ( 1 887) for origi­
nal description, and Contributions from the
Gray Herbarium 74:3-1 1 4 ( 1 925) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
J
Cryptantha hispidula
Considered but rejected: too common
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Cryptantha hoffmannii
Considered but rejected: a synonym of C.
virginensis; a common taxon
Cryptantha holoptera (Gray)
Macbr.
"winged cryptantha" Boraginaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
I mperial, I nyo, Riverside, San Bernard i no,
San Diego; Arizona, Baja California,
Nevada, Sonora (Mexico)
Mojavean desert scrub, Sonoran desert
scrub; elevation 1 00-1 200 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-April .
Cryptantha hooveri Jtn .
" Hoover's cryptantha" Boraginaceae
List 1 8 I RED 2-2-3
Alameda, Contra Costa, Madera,
Merced , San Joaquin, Stanislaus
440B, 441 A, 445D, 464A, 481 D
Valley and foothill grassland (sandy);
elevation 3- 1 50 meters.
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-May.
Need i nformation on current status and
distribution, i ncluding quads for Merced
and San Joaq uin counties. Seejournal of
the Arnold Arboretum 1 8:23 ( 1 93 7) for
original description .
Cryptantha incana Greene
"Tu lare cryptantha" Boraginaceae
List 18 I RED 3-1-3
I nyo, Tu lare
307A, 308D, 3 5 1 C
Lower montane coniferous forest (gravel­
ly or rocky); elevation 1 430-2000 meters.
Annual herb, blooms June-August.
See Leaflets ofBotanical Observation and Crit­
icism 1 : 79 ( 1 904) for original descri ption.
Cryptantha mariposae Jtn .
" Mariposa cryptantha" Boraginaceae
List 18 / RED 2-1 -3
Calaveras, Mariposa, Stanislaus,
Tuolumne
41 9B, 440B, 458B, 458C, 476C
Chaparral (serpentinite, rocky); elevation
200-650 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
See Contributions from the Gray Herbarium
74:73 ( 1 925) for original descri ption.
Cryptantha nubigena
Considered but rejected : too com mon
1 35
Cryptantha rattanii Greene
" Rattan's cryptantha" Boraginaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Fresno, Merced, Monterey, San Benito
Cismontane woodland, riparian wood­
land, valley and foothill grassland ;
elevation 245-9 1 5 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J uly.
See C. decipiens in TheJepson Manual.
Cryptantha roosiorum M u nz
"bristlecone cryptantha" Boraginaceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-3
State Rare
I nyo
372A
Subalpine coniferous forest (carbonate,
rocky); elevation 2440-3230 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-Ju ly.
Known from only two occurrences in the
I nyo Mtns. Threatened by vehicles. See
Aliso 3: 1 24-1 25 ( 1 955) for origi nal
descri ption.
Cryptantha scoparia A. Nels.
"gray cryptantha" Boraginaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
I nyo, Lassen; Nevada, Oregon, Washing­
ton , and elsewhere
Chenopod scrub, Great Basin scrub,
pi nyon and jun iper woodland; elevation
1 890-2745 meters.
Annual herb, bloom s J u ne-J u ly.
Plants from I nyo County may be an unde­
scribed taxon also occurring in Nye
County, Nevada. See C. nevadensis in The
Jepson Manual. See Botanical Gazette 54: 1 44
( 1 9 1 2 ) for original descri ption.
Cryptantha subretusa
Considered but rejected: a synonym of C.
sobolifera; a common taxon
Cryptantha traskiae J t n .
"Trask's cryptantha" Boraginaceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-3
San Clemente Island, San Nicolas Island
SCMC, SCMN, SNIC
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal dunes,
coastal scrub; elevation 1 5-400 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-June.
Possi bly th reatened by non-native plants
and Navy activities. See Contributions from
the Gray Herbarium 74: 77-78 ( 1 925) for
original description.
1 36 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS
Cryptantha tumulosa ( Pays.) Pays.
"New York Mou ntains cryptantha"
Boraginaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
I nyo, San Bernard i no; Nevada
Mojavean desert scrub, pinyon and
j u n i per wood land / gravelly or clay,
gran itic or carbonate; elevation
920-2 1 00 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
On watch l ist in Nevada.
Cupressus abramsiana C.B. Wolf
"Santa Cruz cypress" Cupressaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Santa Cruz, San Mateo
408B, 408C, 408D, 409A
Closed-cone con iferous forest, chaparral,
lower montane coniferous forest / sand­
stone or granitic; elevation 280-800
meters.
Tree (evergreen ).
Known from fewer than ten occurrences
in the Santa Cruz Mtns. Possi bly threat­
ened by development, agriculture, alter­
ation of fire regimes, and introgression
from planted C. macrocarpa. Largest
known specimen was cut down in 1 983.
See Aliso 1 : 2 1 5-222 ( 1 948) for origi nal
descri ption, and Madrano 2(4): 1 89-1 94
( 1 952) for distri butional information.
Cupressus arizonica Greene ssp.
nevadensis (Abrams) E. M u rray
"Pi ute cypress" Cupressaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3
Kern, Tulare
23 7D, 260B, 260C, 260D, 2 6 1 A, 261 D,
284C, 285D
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
cismontane woodland, pinyon and
juniper woodland; elevation 720-1 830
meters.
Tree (evergreen ) .
Threatened b y grazing a n d m i n ing. BA
and RNA establ ished by USFS and BLM
for this plant. See Torreya 1 9 :92 ( 1 9 1 9 )
for original descri ption.
Cupressus bakeri J e ps.
" Baker's cypress" Cupressaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
Modoc, Plu mas, Shasta, Siskiyou,
Tehama; Oregon
Chaparral, lower montane con iferous
forest / serpenti nite or volcanic; elevation
820-1 995 meters.
Tree (evergreen ) .
Threatened b y fire suppression. Endan­
gered in Orego n . Includes C. bakeri ssp.
matthewsii. See Flora ofCalifornia 1 :61
( 1 909) by W.L. Jepson for original descrip­
tion, Fremontia 1 6(3 ) : 1 7-1 8 ( 1 988) for
species account, and Madrano 39(1 ):79
( 1 992) for distributional information.
Cupressus bakeri ssp. matthewsii
See Cupressus bakeri
Cupressus forbesii J eps.
"Tecate cypress" Cupressaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-2
Orange, San Diego; Baja Californ ia
9C, 1 OA, 1 OB, 1 OC, 1 OD, 20D, 70B, 87C,
87D
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral ;
elevation 255-1 500 meters.
Tree (evergreen).
Known in California from fewer than five
occurrences. Threatened by alteration of
fire regimes, and by development in
Orange County. Riverside Cou nty trees
planted . Protected in part at Otay Mtn .
ACEC ( BLM), San Diego Cou nty. See
Madrano 1 :75 ( 1 922) for original descrip­
tion, Aliso 9: 1 89- 1 96 ( 1 978) for informa­
tion, and Fremontia 1 3(3):3-1 0 ( 1 985)
for species account.
Cupressus goveniana Gord . ssp.
govemana
"Gowen cypress" Cu pressaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Federal Threatened
Monterey
366C
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral
( mariti me); elevation 30-300 meters.
Tree (evergreen ).
Known from only two native occu rrences
in the Monterey area. Threatened by
development and altered fire regimes,
and possibly by non-native plants.
Cupressus goveniana Gord . ssp.
pigmaea ( Lem mon ) J . Bartel
"pygmy cypress" Cupressaceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Mendocino, Sonoma
520D, 537B, 53 7C, 537D, 552B, 568B,
568C, 568D, 569A, 569D
Closed-cone con iferous forest ( podzol­
like soi l); elevation 30-500 meters.
Tree (evergreen).
Threatened by development and vehicles.
See Phytologia 70( 4):229-230 ( 1 990) fo r
revised nomenclature.
Cupressus guadalupensis ssp.
forbesii
See Cupressus forbesii
Cupressus lawsoniana
Considered but rejected: too common
Cupressus macrocarpa Gord .
" M onterey cypress" Cupressaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Monterey
366C
Closed-cone coniferous forest; elevation
1 0-30 meters.
Tree (evergreen).
Known from only two native occurrences
in the Monterey area; widely planted and
natural ized elsewhere.
Cupressus nevadensis
See Cupressus arizonica ssp. nevadensis
Cupressus nootkatensis D. Don
"Alaska cedar" Cupressaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon, a n d else­
where
Upper montane coniferous forest;
elevation 650-2500 meters.
Tree (evergreen).
Cupressus pygmaea
See Cupressus goveniana ssp. pigmaea
Cupressus stephensonii C.B. Wolf
"Cuyamaca cypress" Cupressaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3
San Diego
20A, 20B
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
riparian scrub / gabbroic; elevation
1 035-1 705 meters.
Tree (evergreen ).
Known from o n ly two smal l occurrences
near Cuyamaca Pk. Threatened by fre­
q uent wildfi re; the 1 950 Conej o fire
extirpated plant over part of its range.
Cleveland NF has adopted species man­
agement gu ideli nes. Protected i n part at
Ki ng Creek RNA ( USFS). A synonym of
C. arizonica ssp. arizonica i n TheJepson
Manual, but genetic evidence does not
su pport this interpretation .

Cuscuta howelliana
Considered but rejected: too common
Cuscuta jepsonii
Considered but rejected: too common; a
synonym of C. indecora var. indecora
Cusickiella quadricostata ( Ro l l . )
Rol l .
" Bodie Hills cusickiella" Brassicaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
Mono; Nevada
470A, 470B, 470D, 486C, 487C, 487D,
r S04C, S04D
I Great Basin scrub, pinyon and ju niper
� woodland / clay or rocky; elevation
2000-2800 meters.
I
I
Peren nial herb, blooms May-J uly.
Not as common as previously thought.
Threatened by mining, grazing, and vehi­
cles. On watch list in Nevada. See Contri­
butions from the Dudley Herbarium 3:366
( 1 946) for original description.
Cymopterus aboriginum
Considered but rejected: too common
Cymopterus cinerarius
Considered but rejected: too common
Cymopterus deserticola Bdg.
"desert cymopterus" Apiaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Kern, Los Angeles, San Bernardino
1 32B*, 1 57C*, 1 83A, 1 83B, 1 84A,
1 84B, 1 84C, 1 85A*, 1 8SC, 1 8SD, 208D,
2 1 0D, 233C
Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean
desert scrub / sandy; elevation 630-1 SOO
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-May.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences, apparently all located on Edwards
AFB. Threatened by sheep grazing, vehi­
cles, and urbanization. See University ofCal­
ifornia Publications in Botany 6 : 1 68 ( 1 91 S)
for origi nal description.
Cymopterus gilmanii Mort.
"Gil man's cymopterus" Apiaceae
List 2 I RED 2-1 - 1
I nyo, San Bernardino; Nevada
248B, 248C, 249A, 249D, 274D, 323B,
326A, 34SC, 368B, 368D, 369B, 369C,
390B, 390C, 390D, 391 D, 41 1 D
Mojavean desert scrub (often carbon­
ate); elevation 1 000-2000 meters.
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-May.
Occurrences are usually very smal l .
Cymopterus ripleyi
See Cymopterus ripleyi var. saniculoides
Cymopterus ripleyi Barneby var.
saniculoides Barneby
"sanicle cymopterus" Apiaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-2
I nyo; Nevada
30SB, 323B, 327A, 327B, 328C, 349C,
349D
J oshua tree "wood land", Mojavean
desert scru b / sandy, carbonate;
elevation 1 000-1 660 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J une.
Known in California from fewer than ten
occurrences. Threatened by cattle grazing
on BLM land at Lee Flat. A synonym of C.
ripleyi in TheJepson Manual. See Leaflets of
Western Botany 3:82 ( 1 941 ) for original
descri ption.
Cynanchum utahense ( Engel m . )
Woodson
" Utah vi ne m i l kweed" Asclepiadaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -1
Imperial, Riverside, San Bernardino, San
Diego; Arizona, Nevada, Utah
Mojavean desert scrub, Sonoran desert
scrub / sandy or gravel ly; elevation
1 S0-1 420 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Cypripedium califomicum Gray
"California lady's-slipper" Orchidaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
Butte, Del Norte, H u m boldt, Mendoci­
no, Mari n * , Plumas, Shasta, Siskiyou,
Sonoma, Tri nity; Oregon
Bogs and fens, lower montane coniferous
forest / seeps and stream banks, usually
serpentinite; elevation 30-27SO meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
April-August.
Threatened by horticultural collecting
and logging. Many protected popula­
tions on USFS land not reproducing. On
watch list in Oregon. See Proceedings ofthe
American Academy ofArts and Sciences 7:389
( 1 868) for original description, and Fre­
montia 1 7( 2 ) : 1 7- 1 9 ( 1 989) and The Wild
Orchids ofCalifornia, p. 62-64 ( 1 995) by
R. Coleman for species accounts.
1 37
Cypripedium fasciculatum Wats.
"clustered lady's-slipper" Orchidaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
Butte, Del Norte, H umboldt, Nevada,
Pl umas, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz*, Shas­
ta, Sierra, Siskiyou, San Mateo, Tehama,
Trinity, Yuba; Idaho, Oregon, Utah,
Washington, Wyoming, and elsewhere
Lower montane coniferous forest, North
Coast coniferous forest / usually serpen­
tinite seeps and streambanks; elevation
1 00-243S meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
March-J uly.
Widely scattered, but most occurrences
small. Not seen recently in Santa Clara or
San Mateo counties. Threatened by log­
ging and horticultural collecting. Monitor­
ing needed for protected populations on
USFS lands to assess reproduction, which
may be inadequate. Threatened in Idaho,
candidate for state l isting in Oregon , and
state-listed as Threatened in Washington.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Arts and Sciences 1 7:380 ( 1 882) for original
description, Lindleyana 2(1 ):SS3-S7
( 1 987) for distributional information, and
Fremontia 1 7(2): 1 7-1 9 ( 1 989) and The
Wild Orchids ofCalifornia, p. 6S-68 ( 1 99S)
by R. Coleman for species accou nts.
Cypripedium montanum Lin d i .
"mou ntain lady's-slipper" Orchidaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
Del Norte, Glenn, H umboldt, Madera,
Mendocino, Modoc, Mariposa, Pl u mas,
Santa Cruz( * ?), Shasta, Sierra, Siskiyou,
San Mateo( * ?), Sonoma, Tehama, Trini­
ty, Tuo l u m ne; Idaho, Oregon, Washi ng­
ton , Wyoming, and elsewhere
Broadleaved upland forest, cismontane
wood land, lower montane coniferous
forest, North Coast con iferous forest;
elevation 1 8S-222S meters.
Perenn ial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
March-August.
Widely scattered , but most occurrences
smal l . Many protected popu lations on
USFS land not reproduci ng. Threatened
by logging and horticu ltural collecting.
On watch l ist in Oregon . See Fremontia
1 7(2): 1 7- 1 9 ( 1 989) and The Wild Orchids
ofCalifornia, p. 69-72 ( 1 99S) by R. Cole­
man for species accounts.
Dalea arborescens
See Psorothamnus arborescens var.
arborescens
1 38 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS

Dalea californica
Considered but rejected: a synonym of
Psorothamnus aborescens var. simplicifolius; a
common taxon

Dalea ornata ( Hook.) Eat. & Wright

"ornate d alea" Fabaceae
List 2 / RED 3-3-1
Lassen; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon , Wash-
i ngton
62 1 B, 639C
Pi nyon and juni per wood land (clay,
rocky); elevation 1 3 65-1 700 meters.
Peren nial herb, bloomsJune.
Known in California from only one occur­
rence northwest of Shaffer Mtn . ; o nly
250 plants seen in 1 997. See Madrano
32(2) : 1 23 ( 1 985) for California record.

Darlingtonia californica Torr.

"Californ ia pitcherplant" Sarracen iaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
Butte, Del Norte, Nevada, Plumas, Shas­
ta, Sierra, Siskiyou, Trinity, Yuba; Oregon
Bogs and fens, meadows and seeps I
mesic, generally serpenti nite seeps;
elevation 0-2585 meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous, carnivo­
rous), blooms April-J u ly.
Threatened by horticultural collecting
and mining. On watch list i n Oregon . See
Fremontia 1 4( 2 ) : 1 8 ( 1 986) for habitat
i nformation.

Dedeckera eurekensis Rev. &J .T.

Howell
"J u ly gold" Polygon aceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
State Rare
I nyo, Mono
350A, 350B, 370A, 370B, 390C, 390D,
41 3A, 41 3C, 4 1 3 D
Mojavean desert scrub (carbonate);
elevation 1 220-2200 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms June-August.
Known from approximately twenty occur­
rences. Reproductive capabilities extremely
limited, and no juvenile plants or seedl ings
currently known. See Brittonia 28:245-251
( 1 976) for original description, Madrano
28(2):86-87 ( 1 981 ) and 32( 2 ) : 1 22-1 23
( 1 985) for range extension information, Darlingtonia californica
and Phytologia 66(3):238-241 ( 1 989) for
taxonomic treatment.
\ �
.
L.JI
.

Deinandra arida ( Keck) B.G.
Baldwi n
" Red Rock tarplant" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
State Rare
Kern
235B, 235C
Mojavean desert scrub (clay, volcanic
tuft); elevation 300-950 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-November.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences
near Red Rock Cyn . in the Mojave
Desert. Protected at Red Rock Cyn. SP.
State-listed as Hemizonia arida; see th is
name i n TheJepson Manual. See Aliso
4( 1 ): 1 09 ( 1 958) for origi nal descrip­
tion, and Novon 9 :462-471 ( 1 9 9 9 ) for
revised nomenclature.
Deinandra bacigalupi B . G . Baldwi n
" Livermore tarplant" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Alameda
445B
Meadows and seeps (alkaline); elevation
1 50-1 85 meters.
Annual herb, bloomsJune-October.
Known from only two occurrences near
Livermore. Needs field su rveys. Potential­
ly threatened by development. Not i n The
Jepson Manual. See Madrano 46( 1 ):55
( 1 999) for original descri ption.
Deinandra clementina ( Bdg.) B.G.
Baldwin
"island tarplant" Asteraceae
° List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Anacapa Island, Santa Barbara Island,
San Clemente Island, Santa Catal ina
Island, San Nicolas Island
Coastal bluff scrub, valley and foothill
grassland; elevation 1 5-200 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms Apri l-J u ly.
A synonym of Hemizonia clementina in The
Jepson Manual. See Erythea 7:70 ( 1 899) for
original description, and Novon 9:462-471
( 1 999) for revised nomenclature.
Deinandra conjugens ( Keck) B.G.
Baldwin
"Otay tarplant" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2
State Endangered/Federal
Threatened
San Diego; Baja California
1 0B, l OC, 1 1 A, 1 1 B, 1 1 D
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Coastal scrub, valley and footh ill grass­
land / clay; elevation 25-300 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Threatened by development, agriculture,
vehicles, illegal dumping, non-native
plants, and Border Patrol activities. Known
in Baja California from only one occur­
rence. State and federally listed as Hemizo­
nia conjugens; see this name in TheJepson
Manual. See Aliso 4( 1 ) : 1 09 ( 1 958) for origi­
nal description, Madrano 25(3) : 1 59 ( 1 978)
for information on distribution and taxon­
omy, and Novon 9:462-471 ( 1 999) for
revised nomenclature.
Deinandra floribunda Davids. &
M oxley
"Tecate tarplant" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
San Diego; Baja California
7B, 8A, 8D, 9B*, 9C, 9 D, 1 9C, 1 9 D
Chaparral, coastal scrub; elevation
70- 1 220 meters.
Annual herb, blooms August-October.
Threatened by development. A synonym
of Hemizonia floribunda in TheJepson Manu­
al. See Novon 9:462-471 ( 1 999) for taxo­
nom ic treatment.
Deinandra halliana ( Keck) B.G.
Baldwi n
" Hall's tarplant" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Fresno, Monterey, San Benito, San Lu is
Obispo
244A, 268A, 268B, 292D, 3 1 5C, 3 1 6 D,
339A, 339B, 340C, 362D
Chenopod scrub, cismontane wood land,
valley and foothi l l grassland / clay;
elevation 300-950 meters.
Annual h erb, blooms April-May.
Threatened by grazing and non-native
plants. Appears only in u n usually wet
years. A synonym of Hemizonia clementina
i n TheJepson Manual. See Madrano 3(1 ) : 1 2
( 1 93 5 ) for original descri ption , and
Novon 9 :462-471 ( 1 999) for revised
nomenclature.
Deinandra increscens ( H . M H a l l )
B.G. Baldwi n ssp. foliosa ( H oover)
B . G . Baldwi n
"leafy tarp lant" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Monterey?, Santa Barbara, San Luis
Obispo
1 96A, 220B, 245C, 245D
1 39
Valley and foothi l l grassland; elevation
300-500 meters.
Annual herb, blooms J u ne-September.
Does plant occur in Monterey County?
Threatened by development. See The Vascu­
lar Plants ofSan Luis Obispo County, California,
p. 288 ( 1 970) by R.F. Hoover for original
description, and Novon 9:462-471 ( 1 999)
for revised nomenclature.
Deinandra increscens ( Keck) B.G.
Baldwi n ssp. villosa (Tanowitz) B.G.
Baldwi n
"Gaviota tarplant" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Santa Barbara
1 44B, 1 45A, 1 71 D, 1 96 D
Coastal b l u ff scrub, coastal scrub, valley
and foothi l l grassland; elevation 35-430
meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-October.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
Seriously threatened by energy develop­
ment and non-native plants. Conserva­
tion bank establ ished by DFG in 1 996.
State and federally-l isted as Hemizonia
increscens ssp. villosa; see this name i n The
Jepson Manual. See Systematic Botany
7(3 ):3 1 4-339 ( 1 982) for original
descri ption, and Novon 9:462-47 1
( 1 999) for revised nomenclature.
Deinandra minthornii U eps. ) B.G.
Baldwin
"Santa Susana tarplant" Asteraceae
State Rare
Los Angeles, Ventura
1 1 2 B, 1 1 2C, 1 1 3A, 1 1 3C, 1 1 3 D, 1 38C,
1 38D
Chaparral, coastal scrub / rocky;
elevation 280-760 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms
J u ly-November.
Threatened by development. State-listed
as Hemizonia minthornii; see this name i n
TheJepson Manual. See Manual ofthe Flower­
ing Plants ofCalifornia, p. 1 092 ( 1 925) by
W.L. Jepson for original descri ption, and
Novon 9:462-471 ( 1 999) for revised
nomenclature.
1 40 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Deinandra mohavensis ( Keck) B.G.
Baldwi n
" M ojave tarplant" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1-3
State Endangered
Kern, Riverside, San Bernardino*, San
Diego
48C, 49A, 49B, 66B, 84A, 84D, 1 32C*,
235B?, 235C?, 236C, 236D
Chaparral ( mesic), riparian scrub;
elevation 850-1 600 meters.
Annual herb, blooms July-October.
Rediscovered in 1 994 by A. Sanders i n
the San Jacinto Mtns., Riverside County.
State-I isted as Hemizonia mohavensis; see
this name in TheJepson Manual. See
Madrano 3 ( 1 ) : 9-1 0 ( 1 935) for original
description and 44( 2 ) : 1 97-203 ( 1 997)
for i nformation on rediscovery, and
Novon 9:462-471 ( 1 999) for revised
nomenclature.
Deinandra pallida
Considered but rejected: too common
Deinandra paniculata (Gray)
Davidson & Moxley
"panicu late tarplant" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San
Diego; Baja California
Coastal scrub, valley and footh ill grass­
land / usually vernally mesic; elevation
25-940 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-November.
Threatened by development. Confused
with 0. conjugens and 0. fasciculata. See
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
and Sciences 1 9 : 1 7 ( 1 883) for original
description.
Deinandra pentactis
Considered but rejected: too common
Delphinium bakeri Ewan
" Baker's larkspur" Ran u nculaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Rare/Federal Endangered
Marin, Sonoma*
484B*, 485A, 485B* , 502B*
Coastal scru b; elevation 80-305 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-May.
Known from only one occurrence along
Salmon Creek; fewer than 70 i ndividuals
known as of2000. Occurrences extirpat­
ed by agricu ltural conversion; th reatened
by road maintenance. See Bulletin ofthe
Torrey Botanical Club 69: 1 44 ( 1 942) for
original descri ption.
Delphinium californicum T. & G
ssp. interius ( Eastw. ) Ewan
" Hospital Canyon larkspur" Ranuncu laceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-3
Alameda, Contra Costa, Merced, San
Benito, Santa Clara, San Joaq u i n , San
Lu is Obispo
243D, 363D, 404B, 426A, 426D, 444C,
444D, 445D, 464B
Chaparral (openi ngs), cismontane wood­
land ( mesic); elevation 230-1 095 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-J une.
See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 2 : 13 7 ( 1 938)
for original description.
Delphinium gypsophilum Ewan
ssp. gypsophilum
"gypsum-loving larkspur" Ranuncu laceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Alameda, Fresno, Ki ngs, Kern, Madera,
Merced, Monterey, San Benito, San
Joaq u i n , San Luis Obispo, Stanislaus,
Ventura
Chenopod scrub, cismontane wood land ,
valley and foothi l l grassland; elevation
1 00-825 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms February-May.
Threatened by road construction and
mai ntenance, energy development, and
grazing.
Delphinium gypsophilum Ewan
ssp. parvitlorum Lewis & E p l .
"small-flowered gypsum-loving larkspur"
Ranuncu laceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3
Monterey, San Lu is Obispo
Cismontane wood land , valley and
footh ill grassland; elevation 200-350
meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms March-J u ne.
See Brittonia 8:5 ( 1 954) for origi nal
descri ption.
Delphinium hansenii (Greene)
Greene ssp. ewanianum Warnock
" Ewan's larkspur" Ran u nculaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Calaveras, Kern, Madera, Tu lare
Cismontane woodland, valley and
footh i l l grassland / rocky; elevation
60-600 meters.
Perennial h erb, blooms March-May.
To be expected in other foothill areas of
the Sierra Nevada; need i n formation.
Populations are very local; many in devel­
oping areas. See Phytologia 68(1 ) : 1 -6
( 1 990) for origi nal description.
Delphinium hesperium Gray ssp.
cuyamacae (Abrams) Lewis & Epl.
" Cuyamaca larkspur" Ran u ncu laceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
State Rare
Riverside, San Diego
1 9B, 20A, 33C, 49C, 49D, 66B, 67D
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps / mesic; elevation
1 220-1 630 meters.
Perenn ial herb, bloom s J u n e-J uly.
Threatened by development. See Bulletin
ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 32:538 (1 905)
for original description.
Delphinium hutchinsoniae Ewan
" H utchi nson's larkspur" Ran uncu laceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-3
Monterey
320B, 320D, 320E, 344B, 344C, 344D,
365B, 366C
Broadleaved upland forest, chaparral ,
coastal prarie, coastal scrub; elevation
0-400 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-June.
Known from approxi mately ten occur­
rences. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botan­
ical Club 78:379 ( 1 95 1 ) for original
description.
Delphinium inopinum U eps. ) Lewis
& Epl.
"unexpected larkspur" Ranu ncu laceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Fresno, I nyo, Kern, Tu lare, Ventura
Upper montane con iferous forest
( rocky); elevation 1 890-2800 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J uly.
Delphinium kinkiense
See Delphinium variegatum ssp. kinkiense
Delphinium luteum Heller
"yellow larkspur" Ran uncu laceae
List 18 / RED 3-3-3
State Rare/Federal Endangered
Mari n , Sonoma

485B, 502A* , 502C* , 503D
Chaparral, coastal prarie, coastal scru b /
rocky; elevation 0-1 00 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms March-May.
Known from only three occurrences.
Plants from Marin County are apparently
not hybrids with 0. decorum ssp. decorum;
hybridizes with 0. nudicaule. Threatened
by development, grazing, and road main­
tenance, and possibly by horticultural
collecting. See Bulletin ofthe Southern Cali­
fornia Academy ofSciences 2 : 68-69 ( 1 903)
for original description.
Delphinium parishii ssp.
purpureum
See Delphinium parryi ssp. purpureum
Delphinium parishii Gray ssp.
subglobosum (Wiggi ns) Lewis &
Epl.
"Colorado Desert larkspur" Ranuncu laceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -2
I m perial, Riverside, San Diego; Baja Cali­
fornia
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, pi nyon
and juniper woodland, Sonoran desert
scrub; elevation 600-1 800 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-June.
Delphinium parryi Gray ssp.
blochmaniae (Greene) Lewis & Epl.
" d u n e larkspur" Ran u ncu laceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-3
Santa Barbara, San Lu is Obispo, Ventura
1 1 3A, 1 1 4A, 1 70A, 1 70B, 1 7 1 A, 1 95B,
1 96B, 1 96 D, 221 D, 246A, 246D, 271 A
Chaparral (mariti me), coastal du nes;
elevation 0-200 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-May.
Field work needed. Threatened by
development.
Delphinium parryi Gray ssp.
purpureum ( Lewis & Epl . ) Warnock
" Mt. Pinos larkspur" Ranuncu laceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Kern, Ventura
Chaparral, Mojavean desert scrub, piny­
on and juniper woodland; elevation
1 000-2600 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Possibly th reatened by development. See
Brittonia 8: 1 5 ( 1 954) for o ri g i n a l descrip­
tion, and Phytologia 68( 1 ): 1 -3 ( 1 990) for
revised nomenclature.
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Delphinium pratense
Considered but rejected : a synonym of 0.
gracilentum; a common taxon
Delphinium purpusii Bdg.
Ran u nculaceae
" Kern Cou n ty larkspur"
List 18 / RED 2-1 -3
Kern, Tulare
238B, 259B, 260A, 260B, 260C, 2 6 1 A,
26 1 C, 261 D, 262D, 284B, 284C, 330C
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, piny­
on and juniper wood land / rocky, often
carbonate; elevation 300-1 340 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-May.
Precise location and endangerment infor­
mation needed . H istorical occurrences
need field surveys. See Botanical Gazette
27:444 ( 1 899) for original description.
Delphinium recurvatum Greene
"recu rved larkspur" Ran u nculaceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Alameda, Contra Costa, Colusa*, Fres­
no, Kings, Kern, Merced, Monterey, San
Luis Obispo, Solano, Tu lare
2 1 7B, 2 1 7C, 2 1 8A, 2 1 8B, 2 1 8 D, 240C,
240D, 241 C, 241 0, 242D, 243C, 243D,
264A, 264D, 265A, 265B, 265D, 267A,
287B, 288A, 288D, 290C, 291 B, 291 D,
292A, 3 1 0B, 3 1 2B, 3 1 4B, 3 1 5C, 3 1 6B*,
3 1 8A, 338D, 341 D, 359B, 359D, 383B,
463C, 463D, 498B, 547D*
Chenopod scrub, cismontane wood land,
valley and foothill grassland / alkal ine;
elevation 3-750 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-May.
Many h i storical occu rrences; need cur­
rent i nformation on status. Much habi­
tat converted to agricu lture; also
threatened by grazi ng. Abundant on
Carrizo Plain i n 1 99 5 .
Delphinium stachydeum (Gray)
Tides.
"spiked larkspur" Ran u nculaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1
Lassen, Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon ,
Utah, Washi ngton, a n d elsewhere
640A, 656A, 656C, 673B, 673C, 674B,
674C, 674D, 675D, 690C, 708A
Great Basin scrub, upper montane conif­
erous forest (edges) / rocky; elevation
1 300-2 600 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
See Botanical Gazette 1 2:52 ( 1 887) for
original description, Proceedings ofthe Bio­
logical Society of Washington 27:61 ( 1 9 1 4)
for revised nomenclature, and Brittonia
8: 1 -22 ( 1 954) for taxonomic treatment.
1 41
Delphinium trolliifolium
Considered but rejected : too common
Delphinium uliginosum Curran
"swa m p larkspur" Ranu ncu laceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Colusa, Lake, Napa, Siskiyou
Chaparral, valley and foothi l l grassland /
serpentinite seeps; elevation 340-600
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J une.
H ighly localized. Hybrid izes with 0. hes­
perium ssp. pallescens. See Bulletin ofthe Cal­
ifornia Academy ofSciences 1 : 1 5 1 ( 1 885) for
original description.
Delphinium umbraculorum Lewis &
Epl.
" u m brella larkspur" Ran u ncu laceae
List 18 / RED 2-1 -3
Monterey, Santa Barbara, San Lu is Obis­
po, Ventura
1 40A, 1 41 B, 1 42A, 1 66B, 1 66C, 1 67C,
1 67D, 1 68B, 1 92C, 1 93B, 1 93C, 2 1 9 D,
2 20B, 270C, 343D, 366C
Cismontane woodland; elevation
400-1 600 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-June.
Need q uads for Monterey County.
Hybridizes with 0. parryi ssp. parryi. See
Brittonia 8 : 1 9 ( 1 954) for original descrip­
tion, and Phytologia 67(6):490-491 ( 1 989)
for taxonomic treatment.
Delphinium variegatum T. & G ssp.
kinkiense ( M u nz) Warnock
"San Clemente Island larkspur"
Ranuncu laceae
List 18 / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
San Clemente Island
SCMC, SCM N, SCMS
Val l ey and footh i l l grassland (coastal);
elevation 75-500 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-April.
Feral herbivores removed from San
Clemente Island , and vegetation recover­
ing. Du biously distinct from 0. variegatum
i n Phytologia 68(1 ): 1 -3 ( 1 990); may be
difficult to distinguish from ssp. thornei.
USFWS uses the name 0. kinkiense ssp.
kinkiense. See Aliso 7:69 ( 1 969) for origi­
nal description.
1 42 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Delphinium variegatum T. & G ssp.
thornei M u nz
"Thorn e's royal larkspur" Ran u ncu laceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
San Clemente Island
SCMC, SCMS
Cismontane woodland, valley and
foothi l l grassland (coastal); elevation
250-575 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms March-May.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
Feral herbivores removed from San
Clemente Island, and vegetation recov­
eri ng. May be d i fficult to d isti nguish
from ssp. kinkiense.
Dendromecon harfordii Kel l . var.
harfordii
"Channel Island tree poppy" Papaveraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Santa Cruz Island, Santa Rosa Island
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral /
rocky; elevation 1 5-420 meters.
Shrub (evergreen) , blooms
March-Novem ber.
Threatened by feral herbivores; i ncreasing
on Santa Cruz Island after reduction of
feral sheep population. See 0. harfordii in
TheJepson Manual. USFWS uses the name
0. rigida ssp. harfordii.
Dendromecon harfordii Kel l . var.
rhamnoides (Greene) M u nz
" island tree poppy" Papaveraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
San Clemente Island * , Santa Catalina
Island
SCMN*, SCMS* , SCTE, SCTN , SCTW
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal
scrub; elevation 1 50-520 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms April-J u ne.
Known from approximately five occur­
rences. Last seen on San Clemente Island
i n 1 966. Threatened by feral herbivores.
Most of the year a few plants are in
flower. See 0. harfordii in TheJepson Manu­
al. USFWS uses the name 0. rigida ssp.
rhamnoides.
Dendromecon rigida ssp. harfordii
See Oendromecon harfordii var. harfordii
Dendromecon rigida ssp.
rhamnoides
See Oendromecon harfordii var. rhamnoides
Dentaria gemmata
See Cardamine nuttallii var. gemmata
Dentaria pachystigma var.
dissectifolia
See Cardamine pachystigma var. dissectifolia
Deschampsia atropurpurea
(Wah I . ) Scheele
"mountain hair grass" Poaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
Siskiyou, Tri nity; Oregon , and elsewhere
Meadows and seeps, subalpine conifer­
ous forest, u pper montane coniferous for­
est / mesic; elevation 1 71 0-2300 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
Dicentra chrysantha
Considered but rejected: too common
Dicentra formosa ( H aw. ) Wal p ssp.
oregana ( Eastw. ) M u nz
"Oregon bleeding heart" Papaveraceae
List 4 I RED 1 -2-2
Del Norte, H u m boldt, Siskiyou; Oregon
Lower montane coniferous forest (ser­
pentinite ); elevation 425- 1 485 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-May.
Commercially exploited i n Oregon; on
watch list. See 0. formosa in TheJepson Man­
ual. See Proceedings ofthe California Academy
ofSciences IV 20: 1 44 ( 1 93 1 ) for original
description, and Brittonia 1 3: 1 -57 ( 1 961 )
for taxonomic treatment.
Dicentra nevadensis Eastw.
"Tu lare County bleeding heart"
Papaveraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3
Fresno, Tulare
Alpine boulder and rock field, subal pine
coniferous forest (gravelly or sandy,
openings); elevation 2200-3050 meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
J u ne-October.
Can be confused with 0. formosa. See Pro­
ceedings ofthe California Academy ofSciences
IV 20: 1 43 ( 1 93 1 ) for original description,
and Brittonia 1 3 : 1 -57 ( 1 961 ) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Dicentra ochroleuca
Considered but rejected: too common
Dicentra pauciflora
Considered but rejected : too common
Dichanthelium lanuginosum ( E l l . )
Gou ld var. thermale ( Bolan d . )
Spellen b erg
"Geysers d ichanthelium" Poaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered
Sonoma
533C, 534D
Closed-cone coniferous forest, riparian
scrub, valley and foothill grassland /
hydrothermally-altered soil; elevation
305-825 meters.
Perennial herb, bloomsjune-August.
Known only from The Geysers geother­
mal area. Threatened by energy develop­
ment and erosion. A synonym of Panicum
acuminatum var. acuminatum i n TheJepson
Manual. See Madroiio 23(3): 1 5 1 ( 1 975)
for taxonomic treatment.
Dichelostemma lacuna-vernalis
Considered but rejected : a synonym of 0.
capitatum ssp. capitatum; a common taxon
Dichelostemma venustum
Considered but rejected: a sporadic
hybrid between 0. ida-maia and 0. conges­
tum or 0. multiflorum
Dichondra donnelliana
Considered but rejected: too common
Dichondra occidentalis House
"western d ichondra" Convolvu laceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
Los Angeles?, Mari n ?, Orange, Santa
Barbara, Santa Catalina Island, Santa
Cruz Island, San Diego, San Miguel
Island, Santa Rosa Island , Ventura; Baja
Cal ifornia
Chaparral, cismontane woodland,
coastal scrub, valley and foothill grass­
land; elevation 50-500 meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
March-J u ly.
Records for Marin County are q uestion­
able; report from Los Angeles Cou nty
needs confirmation . See Muhlenbergia
1 : 1 30-1 3 1 ( 1 906) for original descri ption.
Didymodon norrisii Zand .
Pottiaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-2
Humboldt, Lake, Madera, Tuolumne;
Oregon
41 7A, 474A, 549A, 549B, 549C, 565B,
671 C
Cismontane wood land, lower montane
coniferous forest / i ntermittently mesic,
rock; elevation 600-1 700 meters.

Moss.
See The Bryologist 1 02(1 ): 1 1 2- 1 1 5 ( 1 999)
for original description.
Dimeresia howellii Gray
"doublet" Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 2-1-1
Lassen, Modoc, Siskiyou; I daho, Nevada,
Oregon
659D, 673B, 675C, 676B, 676C, 690B,
690C, 692A, 692B, 692D, 707B, 707C,
709D, 7 1 2B, 71 3A, 71 3B, 724A, 725A
Lower montane coniferous forest, pi nyon
and j u n i per woodland / volcanic, xeric;
elevation 1 340-2380 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-September.
Threatened in Idaho. Protected in part at
Ash Valley RNA ( BLM ), Lassen Cou nty.
See Synoptical Flora ofNorth America ed . 2,
1 ( 2 ):449 ( 1 886) for original descri ption,
and Fremontia 1 6( 1 ): 1 5-1 7 ( 1 988) for
brief species account and BLM manage­
ment plans.
Diplacus aridus
See Mimulus aridus
Diplacus clevelandii
See Mimulus clevelandii
Diplacus grandiflorus
Considered but rejected: a synonym of
Mimulus bifidus ssp. bifidus; a common
taxon
Diplacus parviflorus
See Mimulus flemingii
Dirca occidentalis Gray
"western leatherwood" Thymelaeaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Alameda, Contra Costa, Mari n , Santa
Clara, San Mateo, Sonoma
428A, 428B, 428C, 429A, 429D, 447A,
448C, 464C, 465B, 465C, 465D, 466A,
467B, 482C, 484C, 485D, 502C, 503D
Broadleaved upland forest, closed-cone
coniferous forest, chaparral, cismontane
woodland, North Coast coniferous for­
est, riparian scrub, riparian woodland I
mesic; elevation 50-395 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms
January-April .
Popu lations declin ing; not reproduc­
i ng wel l .
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Discelium nudum ( D icks.) Bri d .
Disceliaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Del Norte; Washington, and elsewhere
723D
Coastal bluff scrub (soil, on clay banks);
elevation 1 0-50 meters.
Moss ( emphemeral).
Very rare throughout its range i n the
Northern Hemisphere. See Pl. Crypt. Brit.
Fasc. 4:7-1 0 ( 1 801 ) for original descrip­
tion, and Bryol. Univ. 1 :366 ( 1 826) for
revised nomenclature.
Dissanthelium californicum ( N utt.)
Be nth.
"Californ ia dissanthel i u m " Poaceae
List 1 A
San Clemente Island *, Santa Catalina
Island * ; Guadal upe Island (Mexico)*
Coastal scrub; elevation 5-500 meters.
Annual herb, blooming period unknown .
Known in California from only two col­
lections; need quads. Last seen in 1 848
on San Clemente Island, and before
1 9 1 2 on Santa Catal ina Island (exact
year u nknown ). Feral goats may have
caused exti nction; goat population now
removed from San Clemente Island and
controlled on Santa Catal ina Island .
Ditaxis adenophora
See Oitaxis clariana
Ditaxis californica
See Ditaxis serrata var. californica
Ditaxis clariana Ueps. ) Webster
"gland u lar ditaxis" Eu phorbiaceae
List 2 I RED 3-2-1
Imperial, Riverside, San Bernard ino; Ari­
zona, Sonora (Mexico)
1 3 D, 25C, 26D, 60B, 6 1 A, 64B, 65A,
65B, 95A, 1 47C
Mojavean desert scrub, Sonoran desert
scru b / sandy; elevation 0-465 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms October-March.
Ditaxis serrata (Torr. ) A.A. Hel ler
var. californica ( Bdg. ) Stei n man n &
Felger
"California ditaxis" Eu phorbiaceae
List 3 / RED ?-2-3
Riverside, San Diego; Sonora ( Mexico)*
47D, 6 1 A, 61 B, 62A, 62B, 63A, 63C,
65A, 78C
Sonoran desert scrub; elevation 30-1 000
meters.
1 43
Perennial herb, blooms
March-December.
Move to List 1 B? Known from fewer than
twenty occurrences, most with few plants.
Known in Sonora (Mexico) from only one
collection. Threatened by vehicles. A syn­
onym of 0. californica in TheJepson Manual.
See Madrano 42(4):455-457 (1 995) for
revised nomenclature.
Dithyrea maritima A. Davids.
"beach spectac lepod " Brassicaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2
State Threatened
Los Angeles*, Santa Barbara, Santa
Catalina Island*, San Lu is Obispo, San
Miguel Island * , San N icolas Island; Baja
Cal ifornia
90B*, 90C*, 1 1 2 D*, 1 71 A, 1 96A, 1 968,
1 96D, 221 B, 221 D, 247D, SMIE*,
SM IW* , SNIC
Coastal d u nes, coastal scrub (sandy);
elevation 3-50 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
March-May.
Known in Cal ifornia from fewer than
twenty occurrences; extirpated from half
of its historical range. Need historical
quads for Santa Catalina Island. Last
seen on San Miguel Island i n 1 932, and
i n Los Angeles County i n 1 932. Threat­
ened by tram pling, vehicles, and non­
native plants. See Erythea 2 : 1 79 ( 1 894)
for original description.
Dodecahema leptoceras (Gray)
Rev. & H ard ham
"slender-horned spineflower" Polygonaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernard i no
49B, 50A, 67A, 67B*, 69A*, 69B, 70B,
84C*, 1 04C, 1 06C, 1 06D*, 1 07A* ,
1 07B, 1 07D*, 1 1 0A*, 1 33C*, 1 3 7A,
1 37B*, 1 37C*, 1 37D, 1 38A
Chaparral, cismontane woodland,
coastal scrub (alluvial fan ) / sandy;
elevation 200-760 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-June.
Many historical occurrences lost to urban­
ization and stream channel ization; cur­
rently threatened by development, sand
and gravel mi ning, flood control, pro­
posed reservoir construction, vehicles, and
non-native plants. See Proceedings ofthe
American Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 2:269
( 1 877) for original description, Great Basin
Naturalist Memoirs 2: 1 69-1 90 ( 1 978) for
taxonomic treatment, Phytologia 66(2):
83-88 ( 1 989) for revised nomenclature,
and Madrano 44(3 ):305 ( 1 997) for discus­
sion ofVail Lake occurrence.
1 44 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Dodecatheon pulchellum ( Raf. )
Merr.
"beautifu l shooti ngstar" Pri m u l aceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
I nyo, Mono, Modoc; Idaho, Nevada,
New Mexico, Oregon , Wash ington,
Wyoming, and elsewhere
Great Basin scrub, meadows and seeps,
pinyon and juni per woodland / mesic;
elevation 1 000-2200 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Possibly threatened by grazing and tram­
pling. Seejournal ofArnold Arboretum 29:
2 1 2 ( 1 948) for revised nomenclature.
Downingia concolor Greene var.
brevior McVaugh
"Cuyamaca Lake down i ngia"
Campanu laceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered
San Diego
20A, 33D
Meadows and seeps (vernally mesic), ver­
nal pools; elevation 1 400-1 500 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J uly.
Known from seven occurrences in the
Cuyamaca Lake area. Threatened by
development, altered hydrology, graz­
i ng, and recreation. Habitat restoration
and seed i ntroduction occurred i n 1 994;
conservation activities occurring as of
1 997. See Memoirs ofthe Torrey Botanical
Club 1 9(4) : 1 -57 ( 1 941 ) for origi nal
description.
Downingia humilis
See Downingia pusilla
Downingia laeta (Greene) Greene
"Great Basin downi ngia" Campanu laceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Lassen, Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon,
Utah, Wyoming, and elsewhere
620B, 639B, 656C, 657D, 675D, 677A,
677B, 677C, 692A
Great Basin scrub (mesic), meadows and
seeps, marshes and swam ps (assorted
shallow freshwater), pi nyon and j un iper
woodland (mesic), vernal pools;
elevation 1 220-2200 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Known in Cal ifornia from fewer than ten
occurrences. On watch l ist in Oregon .
See Erythea 1 : 2 3 8 ( 1 893) for original
description, and Leaflets ofBotanical Obser­
vation and Criticism 2 :45 ( 1 9 1 0) for revised
nomenclature.
Downingia pusilla ( D. Don) Torr.
"dwarf down i ngia" Campanu laceae
List 2 / RED 1 -2-1
Merced, Mariposa, Napa, Placer, Sacra­
mento, Solano, Sonoma, Stanislaus,
Tehama, Yu ba; South America
420C, 42 1 B, 440B, 440C, 440D, 441 A,
459C, 481 B, 481 D, 483A, 483 B, 496A,
496B, 496D, 497C, 498B, 498C, 498D,
499B, 499C, 500A, 500D, 5 0 1 A, 501 D,
502A, 5 1 2B, 5 1 8D, 528A, 528B, 528C,
528D, 594B, 595A, 595D, 61 0B, 6 1 0C,
61 1 D
Valley and foothi l l grassland ( mesic),
vernal pools; elevation 1 -445 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms March-May.
Threatened by u rbanization, agricu lture,
grazing, vehicles, and ind ustrial forestry.
Draba asterophora Pays. var.
asterophora
"Tahoe draba" Brassicaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-2
Alpine, El Dorado, Mono, Tuolumne;
Nevada
453B, 522C, 522D, 523D
Alpine bou lder and rock field, subalpine
coniferous forest; elevation 2500-3505
meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
Known in California from fewer than ten
occurrences. On watch list in Nevada.
See Americanjournal ofBotany 4:263
( 1 91 7) for original descri ption.
Draba asterophora Pays. var.
macrocarpa C . L. H itchc.
"Cup Lake d raba" Brassicaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-3
El Dorado
523D
Subalpine coniferous forest ( rocky);
elevation 2 500-28 1 5 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
Known from only two occu rrences near
Cup Lake and Saucer Lake below Ralston
Pk. See Proceedin� ofthe Biological Society of
Washington 1 1 :64 ( 1 941 ) for original
descri ption .
Draba aureola Wats.
"golden d raba" Brassicaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1 -2
Shasta, Siskiyou, Tri nity; Oregon , Wash­
i ngton
625B, 626A, 699C, 700D
Alpine bou lder and rock field, subal pine
coniferous forest / serpentin ite or vol­
canic; elevation 2000-3355 meters.
Perennial herb, bloomsJu ly-August.
Known in California from eight occur­
rences near Mt. Eddy and Mt. Lassen . On
watch list in Oregon , and state-listed as
Sensitive in Washington.
Draba breweri Wats. var. cana
( Ryd b. ) Rol l .
"hoary d raba" Brassicaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Mono; Wash ington, and elsewhere
434C, 488A
Alpine boulder and rock field, meadows
and seeps, subalpine coniferous forest /
carbonate; elevation 3000-3505 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J uly.
Known in California from only two occur­
rences near Lake Genevieve and Wheeler
Pk. State-l isted as Sensitive in Washi ng­
ton. A synonym ofO. cana in Thejepson
Manual. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical
Club for original description, and Harvard
Papers in Botany 4:43-48 ( 1 993) for
revised nomenclature.
Draba californica (Jeps . ) Rol l . &
Price
"California d raba" Brassicaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
I nyo, Mono; Nevada
Al pine bou lder and rock field, meadows
and seeps; elevation 3000-4250 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
Can be local ly common. Threatened by
grazi ng and road construction . On
watch l ist in Nevada. See Manual ofthe
Flowering Plants ofCalifornia, p. 443
( 1 92 5 ) by W.L. J epson for original
descri ption, and Aliso 1 2( 1 ) : 1 7-27
( 1 988) for revised nomenclature.
Draba cana
See Draba breweri var. cana
Draba carnosula O . E. Sch u lz
" Mt. Eddy d raba" Brassicaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1 -3
Del Norte, Siskiyou, Tri n ity
668B, 684C, 698B?, 699C, 699D, 700D,
738C, 738D
Subal pine coniferous forest, u pper mon­
tane coniferous forest / serpenti nite,
rocky; elevation 1 935-3000 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August.

Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Occurrence (type locality) from
Mt. Shasta ( 698B) may be m islocated.
Draba corrugata var. corrugata
Considered but rejected: too common
Draba corrugata Wats. var. saxosa
(A. Davids.) M . & J .
"rock draba" Brassicaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
Riverside
65C, 83C
Alpine boulder and rock field , subalpine
coniferous forest, upper montane conif­
erous forest I rocky; elevation
2440-3 600 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-September.
Known only from the San Jacinto and
Santa Rosa mountains. See Bulletin ofthe
Southern California Academy ofSciences 1 9( 1 ):
1 1 ( 1 920) for original descri ption, Bulletin
ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 49( 1 2):352
( 1 922) for revised nomenclature, and Uni­
versity ofWashington Publications in Biolog)'
1 1 :33 ( 1 941 ) for taxonomic treatment.
Draba crassifolia var. nevadensis
Considered but rejected: not in Cali for­
n ia; name m isapplied to 0. albertina; a
common taxon
Draba cruciata Pays.
" M i neral King d raba" Brassicaceae
List 18 / RED 2-1-3
Tulare
308A, 330D, 3 3 1 A, 353A
Subalpine coniferous forest (gravel ly);
elevation 2 500-33 1 5 meters.
Peren nial herb, blooms June-August.
See Americanjournal ofBotany 4:265
( 1 9 1 7) for original descri ption.
Draba cruciata var. integrifolia
See Oraba sharsmithii
Draba douglasii var. crockeri
Considered but rejected : a synonym of
Cusickiella douglasii; a common taxon
Draba douglasii var. douglasii
Considered but rejected: a synonym of
Cusickiella douglasii; a common taxon
I
C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 1 45
Draba howellii Wats. Draba praealta Greene
" H owell's d raba" Brassicaceae "su bal pine d raba" Brassicaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2 List 2 / RED 2-1-1
Del Norte, Humboldt, Shasta, Siskiyou, Fresno, I nyo, Mono, Tuolum ne; Nevada,
Tri nity; Oregon Oregon, Wash ington, Wyoming, and
elsewhere
Subalpine coniferous forest ( rocky);
elevation 1 370-3000 meters. 394A, 394B, 434D, 453B, 453C
Perennial herb, blooms j u ne-J uly. Meadows and seeps (mesic); elevation
Candidate for state l isting in Oregon . 2500-341 5 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms j u ly-August.
Draba howellii var. camosula See Pittonia 3:306 ( 1 898) for original
See Oraba carnosula descri ption.
Draba incrassata ( Ro l l . ) Rol l . Draba pterosperma Pays.
"winged-seed d raba" Brassicaceae
"Sweetwater Mountai ns d raba"
Llst: 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Brassicaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1-3 Siskiyou
Mono Upper montane coniferous forest (rocky
or gravel ly, often carbonate); elevation
434D, 487B, 488A, 488B, 488C
1 800-2500 meters.
Alpine boulder and rock field ( rhyol itic
tal us); elevation 2500-3965 meters. Perennial herb, bloomsjune-August.
Perenn ial herb (stoloniferous), blooms Known only from the Marble and Salmon
J uly-August. mou ntains.
Draba lemmonii var. incrassata Draba ciuadricostata
See Oraba incrassata See Cusickiel/a quadricostata
Draba lonchocarpa Ryd b. var. Draba sharsmithii Rol l . & Price
lonchocarpa " Mt. Whitney draba" Brassicaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-3
"spear-fruited d raba" Brassicaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1 - 1 Fresno, I nyo, Tu lare
I nyo, Mono; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, 308A, 352A, 352D, 373D, 41 6 D
Utah, Washington, Wyomi ng, and else­ Alpine boulder a n d rock field, subalpine
where coniferous forest; elevation 3355-3960
394A, 43 1 C, 434C, 434D meters.
Alpine boulder and rock field (carbonate, Perenn ial herb, blooms j u ly-August.
scree); elevation 3000-3295 meters. Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
Perennial herb, blooms June-J u ly. Need q uads for Fresno Cou nty. See
Madrano 5 ( 5 ) 1 5 1 ( 1 940) for original
See Memoirs ofthe New York Botanical Gar­
description .
den 1 : 1 8 1 ( 1 900) for original descri ption.
Draba sierrae C.W. S harsm.
Draba monoensis Rol l . & Price
"Sierra d raba" Brassicaceae
"White Mou ntains d raba" Brassicaceae
List 18 I RED 2-1-3
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Fresno, I nyo, Mono
Mono
394A, 41 4B, 4 1 4C, 4 1 5A, 41 5 D, 43 1 C,
43 1 C, 450D
450D
Alpine boulder and rock field, meadows
Alpine boulder and rock field (granitic or
and seeps; elevation 3000-3960 meters.
carbonate); elevation 3500-4265 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms August.
Perennial herb, bloomsJune-August.
Known only from the White Mtns. Possi­ See Madrofio 5: 1 49 ( 1 940) for original
bly threatened by grazing. See Aliso 1 2( 1 ) :
descri ption.
1 7-27 ( 1 988) for original description.
Draba stenoloba var. ramosa
Draba nivalis var. elongata
Considered but rejected: a synonym of 0.
Considered but rejected: too common, albertina; a common taxon
but needs reevaluation; a synonym of 0.
lonchocarpa var. lonchocarpa
1 46 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Draba subumbellata Rol l . & Price
"mound d raba" Brassicaceae
List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -2
I nyo, Mono; Nevada
Alpine boulder and rock field , alpine
dwarf scrub? / carbonate; elevation
3000-41 1 5 meters.
Perenn ial herb, bloomsJu ly.
On watch l ist in Nevada. See Aliso 1 2( 1 ):
1 7-27 ( 1 988) for original description.
Drosera anglica H uds.
" English s u ndew" Droseraceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1
Lassen, Nevada, Plumas, Shasta, Sierra,
Siskiyou; Idaho, Oregon , Washi ngton,
and elsewhere
5 54B, 555A, 605C, 606B, 607A, 607C,
623C, 624D, 625A, 625B, 662B, 673B,
674A, 7 1 9 D
Bogs a n d fens, meadows and seeps
(mesic); elevation 1 300-2000 meters.
Perennial herb (carnivorous), blooms
June-August.
Drosera obovata
Considered but rejected : a steri le hybrid
of 0. anglica and 0. rotundifolia
Drosera rotundifolia
Considered but rejected : too common
Dryopteris filix-mas ( L. ) Schott
" m ale fern" Dryopteridaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
I nyo, Mono, San Bernard i no*; Arizona,
Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon,
Utah , Washington , and elsewhere
1 3 1 C* , 41 2A, 43 1 C, 43 1 D
Upper montane coniferous forest
(granitic, rocky); elevation 2400-3 1 00
meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous ), fertile
July-September.
Known in Californ ia from only five occur­
rences in the White Mtns. Endangered i n
Oregon . See Madrano 35(2 ) : 1 64 ( 1 988)
for i nformation on second occu rrence in
California.
Dudleya abramsii Rose ssp. affinis
K. Nakai
"San Bernardi n o Mou ntains d u d leya"
Crassulaceae
List 1 B I RED 2-2-3
San Bernard i no
1 05A, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 D, 1 32C; 1 32 D
Pebble ( pavement) plain, pinyon and
j u n i per woodland, u pper montane conif­
erous forest / gran itic, quartzite, or car­
bonate; elevation 1 585-2600 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J une.
Known only from the San Bernard i no
Mtns. Threatened by development and
l i mestone min ing. See Madrano 34( 4):349
( 1 987) for original descri ption.
Dudleya abramsii Rose ssp.
bettinae ( H oov. ) J . Bartel
"San Lu is Obispo serpentin e d u d l eya"
Crassulaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
San Lu is Obispo
246C, 247A, 247B, 247D
Chaparral, coastal scrub, valley and
foothill grassland / serpentinite, rocky;
elevation 20-1 80 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J uly.
Known from fewer than ten occu rrences.
See Leaflets of Western Botany 1 0( 1 1 ) : 1 86
( 1 965) for origi nal descri ption, and
Phytologia 70( 4 ) : 229-230 for revised
nomenclatu re.
Dudleya abramsii Rose ssp. murina
( Eastw. ) Moran
"San Lu is Obispo d u d leya" Crassulaceae
List 18 / RED 2-1 -3
San Lu is Obispo
2 2 1 A, 2 2 1 B, 246C, 246D, 247D
Chaparral, cismontane woodland / ser­
pentinite; elevation 90-300 meters.
Shrub (leaf succulent), blooms May-J u ne.
Dudleya abramsii ssp. parva
See Oudleya parva
Dudleya alainae Reiser
" Banner dud leya" Crassulaceae
List 3 / RED 3-2-3
San Diego
33D
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest / rocky; elevation 800-1 200
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J uly.
Move to List 1 B? A synonym of 0. saxosa
ssp. a/aides in TheJepson Manual. See Cactus
and Succulentjournal 56: 1 47-1 48 ( 1 984)
for original description. Taxonomic ques­
tions remain unanswered by treatment i n
Cactus and Succulentjournal 58: 1 1 1 -1 1 5
( 1 986); critical evaluation needed.
Dudleya attenuata (Wats. ) Moran
ssp. orcuttii ( Rose) Moran
"Orcutt's d u d l eya" Crassulaceae
List 2 / RED 3-3-1
San Diego; Baja California
11D
Coastal bluffscrub, chaparral, coastal
scrub / rocky or gravel ly; elevation 3-50
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Known in California only from Border
Field SP. Possi bly threatened by tram­
pling and Border Patrol activities. See Bul­
letin ofthe New York Botanical Garden 3 :36
( 1 903) for original descri ption.
Dudleya bettinae
See Oudleya abramsii ssp. bettinae
Dudleya blochmaniae ( Eastw. )
Moran ssp. blochmaniae
" Bloch man's d u d l eya" Crassulaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-3-2
Los Angeles, Orange, Santa Barbara, San
Diego, San Luis Obispo, Ventura; Baja
Californ ia
36A, 36B, 5 1 C, 52A, 52B, 1 1 2C, 1 1 3 B,
1 1 3D, 1 1 4A, 1 96B, 2 2 1 B, 246C, 247B,
247D
Coastal bluff scrub, chaparral, coastal
scrub, valley and foothi l l grassland /
rocky, often clay or serpenti n ite; elevation
5-450 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences in California, and fewer than five
i n Baja California. Seriously threatened
by development. Northern and southern
popu lations genetically distinct.
Dudleya blochmaniae ssp.
brevifolia
See Oudleya brevifolia
Dudleya blochmaniae ( Eastw. )
Moran ssp. insularis Moran
"Santa Rosa Island dud leya" Crassulaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Santa Rosa Island
SROE
Coastal bluff scrub; elevation 3 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-Apri l .
Known from only o n e occurrence near
Old Ranch Pt. Population has been
fenced as of 1 996; stil l possibly threat­
ened by cattle trampling, grazing by feral
herbivores, and horticultural col lecting.

Dudleya brevifolia ( Mora n ) Moran
"short-leaved dud leya" Crassulaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered
San Diego
22B, 22C
Chaparral ( maritime, openings), coastal
scrub / Torrey sandstone; elevation
30-250 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms Apri l .
Known from fewer than five occurrences
in the Del Mar and La Jolla areas. Serious­
ly threatened by urbanization, vehicles,
foot trafffic, and fire break construction.
State-listed as 0. blochmaniae ssp. brevifolia;
see this name i n TheJepson Manual. See
Baileya 1 9: 1 46 ( 1 975) for revised nomen­
clature, and Fremontia 1 3( 1 ) : 2 1 ( 1 985)
for species account.
Dudleya calcicola Bartel & Shevock
" l i m eston e dud leya" Crassulaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Inyo, Kern, Tu lare
Chaparral, pinyon and juniper woodland /
carbonate; elevation 500-2600 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms Apri l-August.
See Madroiio 30( 4):21 0-2 1 6 ( 1 983) for
original description and 34( 4 ) :334-353
( 1 987) for alternate treatment.
Dudleya candelabrum Rose
"cand leholder dud leya" Crassulaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Santa Cruz Island, San Miguel Island,
Santa Rosa Island
SCZA, SCZB, SCZC, SMIE, SROE, SROW
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
coastal scrub / rocky; elevation 5-61 0
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ly.
Threatened by feral herbivores. See Bulletin
ofthe New York Bownical Garden 3(9): 1 -45
( 1 903) for original descri ption.
Dudleya cymosa ( Lemaire) Britton
& Rose ssp. agourensis K. Nakai
"Santa Mon ica Mtns. dudleya"
Crassu laceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Federal Threatened
Los Angeles, Ventura
1 1 2 B, 1 1 3A, 1 1 3 D
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Chaparral, cismontane woodland /
rocky, volcanic; elevation 200-500
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J une.
Known only from the western Santa
Monica Mtns. Threatened by develop­
ment. A synonym of 0. cymosa ssp. ovatifo­
lia i n TheJepson Manual; USFWS also uses
this name. See Madroiio 34( 4 ) :339 ( 1 987)
for original description.
Dudleya cymosa ( Le m . ) Britt. &
Rose ssp. costafolia J . Bartel &
Shevock
" Pierpoint Springs dud leya" Crassulaceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-3
Tul are
308B, 332A
Chaparral, cismontane woodland / car­
bonate; elevation 1 435-1 600 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Known only from the Middle Fork of the
Tu le River. Threatened by potential l ime­
stone m i ning and horticultural collecting.
See Aliso 1 2( 4 ):701 -704 ( 1 990) for origi­
nal descri ption.
Dudleya cymosa ( Lem . ) Britt. &
Rose ssp. crebrifolia K. Nakai &
Verity
"San Gabriel River dud leya" Crassulaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Los Angeles
1 09B
Chaparral (gran itic); elevation 275-425
meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-July.
Known only from the type locality along
the San Gabriel River. See Madroiio
34( 4):334-353 ( 1 987) for original
descri ption.
Dudleya cymosa ( Le m . ) Britt. &
Rose ssp. marcescens Moran
" marcescent d u d l eya" Crassulaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
State Rare/Federal Threatened
Los Angeles, Ventura
1 1 2C, 1 1 3B, 1 1 3C, 1 1 3 D
Chaparral (volcanic); elevation 1 50-520
meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms Apri l-J une.
1 47
Known from only eight occurrences in the
Santa Monica Mtns. Threatened by
development and foot traffic. See
Madroiio 1 4(3): 1 06 ( 1 957) for original
description.
Dudleya cymosa ( Le m . ) Britt. &
Rose ssp. ovatifolia ( Britt.) Moran
"Santa Mon ica Mountai ns d u d leya"
Crassulaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Federal Threatened
Los Angeles, Orange
70A, 1 1 2C, 1 1 2D
Chaparral, coastal scru b / volcanic;
elevation 1 50-1 675 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-J u ne.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
Threatened by development and recre­
ation. Does not include 0. cymosa ssp.
agourensis.
Dudleya cymosa ssp. paniculata
Considered but rejected: too common
Dudleya densiflora ( Rose) Moran
"San Gabriel Mountains dud leya"
Crassulaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Los Angeles
1 09A, 1 09B
Chaparral, coastal scrub, lower montane
coniferous forest / granitic, cliffs and
canyon walls; elevation 300-520 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-J u ly.
Known from approxi mately five occur­
rences. Threatened by m i n i ng and devel­
opment.
Dudleya gnoma S. McCabe
"m unch kin d u d leya" Crassulaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3
Santa Rosa Island
SROE
Coastal bluff scrub (gravelly, volcanic);
elevation 20-70 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May.
Known from only one occurrence near
East Pt., with only 3200 individuals as of
1 994. Threatened by erosion, and possi­
bly by tram pling. Most of population has
been fenced by N PS as of 1 994. Not i n
TheJepson Manual. See Madroiio 44( 1 ):49
( 1 997) for original descri ption.
1 48 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Dudleya greenei Rose
"Greene's d u d leya" Crassulaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Santa Catalina Island, Santa Cruz Island,
San Miguel Island, Santa Rosa Island
Coastal bluff scrub, chaparral, cismon­
tane woodland, coastal scrub / volcanic
cliffs; elevation 1 -245 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-Ju ly.
Threatened by cattle trampling and feral
herbivores on Santa Rosa Island .
Dudleya multicaulis ( Rose) M oran
" many-stem m ed dud leya" Crassulaceae
List 1 B / RED 1 -2-3
Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San
Bernardi no, San Diego
49B, 5 1 B, 5 1 C, 5 2A, 52D, 69A, 69B,
69C, 70B, 70C, 70D, 7 1 A, 71 B*, 71 D,
86C, 87B*, 87C, 87D, 88B*, 88D, 90B*,
1 08B, 1 09A, 1 09 0, 1 1 1 D, 1 1 2 B, 1 1 20
Chaparral, coastal scrub, valley and
foothill grassland / often clay; elevation
1 5-790 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms Apri l-J u ly.
Seriously threatened by development,
road construction, grazing, and recre­
ation. See Bulletin ofthe New York Botanical
Garden 3:38 ( 1 903) for original descrip­
tion, and Madrano 45( 3 ) : 2 1 5-220 ( 1 998)
for population ecology information.
Dudleya nesiotica ( Moran) M oran
"Santa Cruz Island d u d leya" Crassulaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Rare/Federal Threatened
Santa Cruz Island
SCZA
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub I rocky
or gravelly, clay; elevation 1 0-50 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Known from only one extended occur­
rence near Frasier Pt. Threatened by
non-native plants, and possibly by feral
herbivores and horticultural col lecti ng.
See Desert Plant Life 22: 99 ( 1 9 51 ) for
original descri ption.
Dudleya parva Rose & Davids.
"Conej o dud leya" Crassulaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Federal Threatened
Ventura
1 1 3A, 1 1 3 B, 1 39D
Coastal scrub, valley and footh i l l grass­
land / rocky or gravel ly, clay; elevation
60-450 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Known from approximately ten occur­
rences from the western end of Simi Hills
to Conejo Grade. Threatened by horticul­
tural collecting, recreation, vehicles, and
urbanization. Federally-listed as 0. abramsii
ssp. parva; see this name i n TheJepson Man­
ual. See Bulletin ofthe Southern California
Academy ofSciences 22:5 ( 1 923) for original
description, and Madrano 30(3 ) : 1 91
( 1 983) for distributional information.
Dudleya saxosa Uones) Britt. &
Rose ssp. saxosa
" Panamint d u d leya" Crassulaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2 - 1 -3
I nyo
302D, 3250
Mojavean desert scrub, pinyon and
jun iper wood land / granitic or carbon­
ate, rocky; elevation 1 1 00-2200 meters.
Shrub (leaf succu lent), blooms April­
September.
Known only from the Panamint Mtns.
See Contributions to Western Botany 8:28
( 1 898) for original descri ption, and Bul­
letin ofthe New York Botanical Garden 3 : 1 5
( 1 903) for revised nomenclature.
Dudleya setchellii Ueps.) Britt. &
Rose
"Santa Clara Valley d u d leya" Crassulaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Federal Endangered
Santa Clara
406A, 406B, 406C, 406D, 407A, 407B,
4270
Cismontane wood land , valley and
foothill grassland / serpentinite, rocky;
elevation 60-365 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Known from fewer than fifteen occur­
rences in the Santa Clara Valley. Threat­
ened by u rbanization, vehicles, and
grazing.
Dudleya stolonifera Moran
" Lagu na Beach dud leya" Crassu laceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Threatened/Federal
Threatened
Orange
70C, 71 B, 71 D
Chaparral, cismontane woodland,
coastal scrub, valley and footh ill grass­
land / rocky; elevation 1 0-260 meters.
Perennial herb (stoloniferous), blooms
May-J uly.
Known from approxi mately six occur­
rences near Lagu na Beach. Threatened by
development, recreation, and non-native
plants, and possibly by horticu ltural col­
lecting. See Bulletin ofthe Southern Califor­
nia Academy ofSciences 48: 1 05-1 1 4 (1 950)
for original description.
Dudleya traskiae ( Rose) M oran
"Santa Barbara Island d u d l eya"
Crassulaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Santa Barbara Island
SBRA
Coastal bl uff scrub, coastal scru b /
rocky; elevation 30-1 1 0 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms February-July.
Known from eleven occurrences. See Bul­
letin ofthe New York Botanical Garden 3:34
( 1 903) for original description, and Fre­
montia 5(4):37-38 ( 1 978) for discussion
of rediscovery and 1 4(4):3-6 ( 1 987) for
i nformation on recovery work.
Dudleya variegata (Wats . ) Moran
"variegated d u d l eya" Crassu l aceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
San Diego; Baja Cal ifornia
1 0A, 1 0B, 1 0C, 1 0D, 1 1 A, 1 1 D, 2 1 B,
2 1 C, 2 1 D, 22A, 22B, 22C, 22D, 35D, 36A
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal
scrub, valley and foothill grassland, vernal
pools / clay; elevation 3-550 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-June.
Threatened by development and grazing.
Dudleya verityi K. Nakai
"Verity's d u d l eya" Crassulaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Federal Threatened
Ventura
1 1 3 B, 1 1 4A
Chaparral, cismontane woodland,
coastal scru b / volcanic; elevation
60-1 20 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Known from only three occurrences near
Conejo Mtn. Threatened by mining, Aood
control activities, and development. See
Cactus and Succulentjournal 55: 1 96-200
( 1 983) for original descri ption.
Dudleya virens
See Dudleya virens ssp. virens

Dudleya virens ssp. hassei
Considered but rejected: too com mon
Dudleya virens ( Rose) Moran ssp.
insularis ( Rose) Moran
"island green d u d l eya" Crassulaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Los Angeles, Santa Catalina Island, San
Nicolas Island
73A, 90C, SCTE, SCTN, S CTS, SNIC
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub /
rocky; elevation 5-300 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
See Bulletin ofthe New York Botanical Garden
3(9):35 ( 1 903) for original description,
and Haseltonia 3:2 ( 1 995) for revised
nomenclature.
Dudleya virens ( Rose) Moran ssp.
Vlrens
" bright green d u dleya" Crassulaceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-2
San Clemente Island
SCMC, SCMS
Coastal bluff scrub, chaparral, coastal
scrub / rocky; elevation 5-400 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ly.
See Bulletin ofthe New York Botanical Garden
3 :34 ( 1 903) for original descri ption,
Desert Plant Life 1 4:1 90-1 93 ( 1 943) for
revised nomenclature and Haseltonia
3 : 1 -9 ( 1 99 5 ) for taxonomic treatment.
Dudleya viscida (Wats. ) Moran
"sticky dud leya" Crassulaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Orange, Riverside, San Diego
22C, 3SC, 36A, 36B, 50B, 5 1 A, 5 1 B,
51 C, 69C, 70D
Coastal bluff scrub, chaparral, coastal
scrub / rocky; elevation 1 0-550 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J une.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Th reatened by development and
road construction. See Proceedings ofthe
American Academy ofArts and Sciences
1 7:372 ( 1 882) for original description.
Eatonella congdonii
See Lembertia congdonii
Echinocactus polycephalus var.
polycephalus
Considered but rejected: too common
C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Echinocereus engelmannii ( Parry)
Rue m pler var. howei L. Benson
" H owe's h edgehog cactus" Cactaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
San Bernardino
1 73A, 1 74A
Mojavean desert scrub; elevation
430-775 meters.
Shrub (stem succu lent), blooms
April-May.
Probably threatened by horticultural col­
lecting. Not in TheJepson Manual. See Cac­
tus and Succulentjournal 46:80 ( 1 974) for
original description.
Echinocereus engelmannii var.
munzii
Considered but rejected: a synonym of E.
engelmannii; a common taxon
Eleocharis decumbens
Considered but rejected: too common; a
synonym of E. montevidensis
Eleocharis parvula ( R. & S. ) Li n k
"small spikerush" Cyperaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -1
Butte, Contra Costa, Glenn, H u m boldt,
Napa, Orange, Siskiyo u , San Luis Obis­
po, Sonoma, Ventura; Oregon, Washing­
ton, and elsewhere
Marshes and swamps; elevation 1 -2 530
meters.
Perenn ial herb, bloom s J u ne-September.
See Wasmannjournal ofBiolog)' 33( 1 -2 ):
98 ( 1 975) for discussion of California
distribution.
Eleocharis quadrangulata ( M ichx. )
R. & S.
"four-angled spikerush" Cyperaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Butte, Merced, Shasta, Tehama; and else­
where
423C, 423D, 559C, 560A, 560B, 560D,
576B, 577C, 593B, 595A, 6 1 0C, 628D,
647D
Marshes and swamps (freshwater);
elevation 30-500 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-September.
Elodea brandegeae
Considered but rejected: a synonym of E.
canadensis; a common taxon
1 49
Elymus californicus ( Bo l . ) Gould
"Californ ia bottle-brush grass" Poaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Monterey?, Mari n , Santa Cruz, San
Mateo, Sonoma
Broadleaved upland forest, cismontane
woodland, North Coast coniferous for­
est, riparian woodland; elevation 1 5-470
meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-November.
Does plant occur in Monterey County?
Elymus scribneri Jones
"Scribner's wheat grass" Poaceae
List 2 / RED 2 - 1 -1
Mono, Nevada, and elsewhere
432A, 434D
Alpine boulder and rock field; elevation
2900-4200 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J uly-August.
Known in Cal iforn ia only from the
White Mtns.
Empetrum hermaphroditum
See Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum
Empetrum nigrum L. ssp.
hermaphroditum ( Lange) Bocher
"black crowberry" Empetraceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Del Norte, Humboldt; Oregon , and else­
where
689C, 723B, 740C
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal prarie;
elevation 1 0-200 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms April-J u ne.
Threatened by trampling and cattle graz­
ing. See E. nigrum in TheJepson Manual.
See Four Seasons 4( 4 ) : 1 9-20 ( 1 974) for
species account, and Madrano 23(5):299
( 1 976) for discussion of H u mboldt
Cou nty discovery.
Enceliopsis covillei ( Nels.) Blake
" Panamint daisy" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
I nyo
302A, 302B, 302C, 325B, 325C
Mojavean desert scrub (subalkal ine);
elevation 400- 1 830 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms March-J une.
Threatened by horticu ltural collecting,
mining, and grazing. See Proceedings ofthe
California Academy ofSciences I I 5 : 702
( 1 895) for original description.
1 50 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Enceliopsis nudicaulis
See Enceliopsis nudicaulis var. nudicaulis
Enceliopsis nudicaulis (Gray) A.
Nels. var. corrugata Cro n q .
"Ash Meadows d aisy" Asteraceae
List 3 / RED 3-1-2
Federal Threatened
I nyo; Nevada
349A, 370A, 370D
Mojavean desert scrub (carbonate);
elevation 1 235- 1 405 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Move to List 1 B? Known in California
from only two occurrences near Teakettle
J u nction; is Cal iforn ia material intermedi­
ate with var. nudicaulis? Not in TheJepson
Manual. State-l isted as Critically Endan­
gered in Nevada. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey
Botanical Club 99( 5 ): 246 ( 1 972) for origi­
nal description.
Enceliopsis nudicaulis (Gray) A.
Nels. var. nudicaulis
"naked-stem med daisy" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -1
I nyo, Mono, San Bernard i no; Arizona,
Idaho, Nevada, Utah, and elsewhere
Great Basin scrub, Mojavean desert
scrub / volcanic or carbonate; elevation
950-2000 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-May.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Arts and Sciences 8 : 656 ( 1 873) for original
description, and Botanical Gazette 47:433
( 1 909) for revised nomenclature.
Enneapogon desvauxii Beauv.
" n i ne-awned pappus grass" Poaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
San Bernard ino; and elsewhere
1 76A, 200A, 226A, 249D
Pinyon and j u n i per woodland ( rocky, car­
bonate); elevation 1 275-1 82 5 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms August­
September.
Entosthodon kochii Cru m &
Anderson
Fu nariaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-3
Mari posa
438C
Cismontane wood land (soil); elevation
500-1 000 meters.
Moss.
Known only from the type location along
the Merced River. See The Bryologist 58
( 1 ) : 1 -1 5 ( 1 955) for original description.
Ephedra funerea
Considered but rejected : too common
Epilobium canum ssp.
septentrionale
See Epilobium septentrionale
Epilobium howellii Hoch
"subalpine fireweed " O n agraceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
Fresno, Mono, Sierra
396A, 396B, 41 6D, 571 C
Meadows and seeps, subalpine conifer­
ous forest / mesic; elevation 2000-2700
meters.
Perennial herb (stoloniferous), blooms
J u ly-August.
Known from only four occurrences. Rari­
ty and endangerment i nformation need­
ed . Need quads for Mono County. See
Phytologia 73(6):460-462 ( 1 992) for orig­
i nal descri ption.
Epilobium latifolium
Considered but rejected : too common
Epilobium luteum Pursh
"yellow wi llowherb" Onagraceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Plu mas, Siskiyou; Oregon , Wash i ngton ,
a n d elsewhere
589D, 738A
Lower montane coniferous forest (alongs
streams and seeps), meadows and seeps;
elevation 1 500-1 705 meters.
Perennial h erb (stoloniferous), blooms
J u ly-September.
On review l ist i n Oregon . See Systematic
Botany 1 8( 2 ) : 2 1 8-228 ( 1 993 ) for infor­
mation on hybridization.
Epilobium nivium Bdg.
"Snow Mou ntain wi llowherb" Onagraceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3
Colusa, Glenn, Lake, Mendocino, Trinity
564B, 564C, 565A, 565D, 581 C, 589A,
598A, 598B
Chaparral, upper montane coniferous
forest / rocky; elevation 795-2500
meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms July-October.
Threatened by recreation and foot traffic,
and possibly by logging. See Zoe 3 :
242-243 ( 1 892) for original descri ption.
Epilobium oreganum Greene
"Oregon fireweed" Onagraceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-2
Del Norte, El Dorado, Glenn, Humboldt,
Mendocino, Shasta, Siskiyou, Tehama,
Tri n ity; Oregon
523C, 523D, 58 1 A, 597C, 598A, 632A,
632D, 633D, 634D, 652A, 652B, 653A,
653B, 666B, 667A, 667B, 669B, 669C,
670B, 670C, 682A, 684D, 686A, 686B,
686C, 699C, 699D*, 703C, 720C, 720D,
721 C, 721 D, 735A, 739A
Bogs and fens, lower montane coniferous
forest, upper montane con iferous forest /
mesic; elevation 500-2240 meters.
Perennial herb, bloom s J u n e-September.
Unable to confirm many h istorical occur­
rences on Shasta-Trinity NF; is it more
common elsewhere? Threatened by log­
ging. Known from fewer than 1 000
plants at about twenty localities in Ore­
gon , where candidate for state l isting.
See Pittonia 1 :255 ( 1 888) for original
descri ption.
Epilobium palustre L.
"marsh willowherb" Onagraceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
El Dorado, Pl umas; I daho, Washi ngton,
and elsewhere
523D, 625A
Bogs and fens, meadows and seeps
( mesic); elevation 2200 meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
J u ly-August.
Known in California only from Grass Lake
(El Dorado County) and Wi llow Lake
(Plumas County). On monitor list in
Idaho.
Epilobium rigidum H ausskn .
"Siskiyou Mou ntains wi llowherb"
Onagraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon
Lower montane coniferous forest ( ser­
pentin ite); elevation 1 50- 1 200 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms July-August.
On watch l ist in Oregon .

Epilobium septentrionale ( Keck)
Raven
" H u m boldt County fuchsia" Onagraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Humboldt, Mendocino, Trin ity
Broadleaved u pland forest, North Coast
coniferous forest I sandy or rocky;
elevation 45-1 800 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms j u ly-September.
See Carnegie Institution ofWashington Publi­
cation 520: 2 1 9 ( 1 940) for original
descri ption, and Annals ofthe Missouri
Botanical Garden 63:335 ( 1 976) for
revised treatment.
Epilobium siskiyouense ( M u nz)
H och & Raven
"Siskiyou fi reweed" Onagraceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-2
Siskiyou, Tri nity; Oregon
667A, 667B, 682B, 684A, 684B, 684C,
686D, 699C, 700C, 700D, 7 1 9 D, 736A,
736B, 7380
Alpine boulder and rock field, subal pine
coniferous forest, upper montane conif­
erous forest / rocky, serpentinite;
elevation 1 700-2500 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ly-September.
Known in California from fewer than
twenty occurrences. Candidate for state
l isting in Oregon . See North American Flora
I I 5:205 ( 1 965) for original description,
and Madrano 27(3 ) : 1 46 ( 1 980) for
revised nomenclature.
Equisetum palustre L.
" m arsh h orsetai l " Eq u isetaceae
List 3 / RED 3-?-1
Lake, Napa, San Francisco, San Mateo;
Idaho, Oregon, Washi ngton, and else­
where
448B, 532C
Marshes and swamps; elevation 45-1 000
meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), u nknown
when ferti le.
Move to List 2? Location, rarity, and
endangerment information needed;
need q uads for Lake and San Mateo
counties. Scarcity poorly u n derstood .
Napa Cou nty occurrence ( 532C) locat­
ed in 1 994 is perhaps only the second
confirmed in Cal iforn ia.
Eremalche kernensis C. B. Wolf
" Kern mal low" M alvaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3
Federal Endangered
Kern
C N PS I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N TS 1 51
2 1 6A, 2 1 6B, 2 1 6C, 2 1 7A, 241A, 241 C, Eriastrum filifolium
242A, 242B, 242C, 242D, 265B* Considered but rejected : too common
Chenopod scrub, valley and foothill
grassland; elevation 70-1 000 meters.
Eriastrum hooveri U eps. ) M ason
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
" Hoover's eriastru m " Polemoniaceae
White-flowered plants of Kern County
(E. kernensis sensu stricto) known from
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Federal Threatened
fewer than twenty occurrences. Seriously
threatened by agriculture, grazing, and Fresno, Kings, Kern, Santa Barbara, San
oil development. See E. parryi ssp. kernen­ Benito, San Lu is Obispo, Tulare
sis in TheJepson Manual. See Phytologia Chenopod scrub, pinyon and jun iper
72( 1 ) :48-54 ( 1 992) for alternate taxo­ woodland, valley and foothill grassland;
nomic treatment which i ncl udes laven­ elevation 50-9 1 5 meters.
der-flowered plants and broadens range
to west. Annual herb, blooms March-:J uly.
Threatened by agriculture, grazing, u rban­
ization, energy development, and vehicles.
Eriastrum brandegeae M ason See Madrano 45( 4):290-300 (1 998) for
" Brandegee's eriastru m " Polemon iaceae ecological information.
list 18 / RED 2-2-3
Colusa, Glenn, Lake, Santa Clara, Eriastrum luteum ( Benth . ) M ason
Tehama
"yellow-flowered eriastru m" Polemoniaceae
426D, 533 B * , 534A, 534D, 548B, 564A,
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3
5640, 565A, 5800, 596A, 5960, 61 2B,
61 2C, 61 2 D, 6 1 3A, 630C, 631 D Monterey, San Luis Obispo
Chaparral, cismontane woodland / 1 92B, 2 1 7C, 245B, 245C, 246A, 246B,
246D, 269C, 269D, 270B, 292B, 294C,
volcanic; elevation 305-1 030 meters.
295B, 296A
Annual herb, blooms April-August.
Broadleaved upland forest, chaparral,
Threatened by grazing, vehicles, recre­ cismontane woodland / sandy or gravel­
ation, and development. Does not i nclude ly; elevation 290-1 000 meters.
E. tracyi. See Madrano 8(3):88-89 ( 1 945)
for original description. Annual herb, blooms May-June.
See Madrano 8:81 ( 1 945) for revised
nomenclature.
Eriastrum densifolium ssp.
densifolium
Eriastrum pluriflorum ssp.
Considered but rejected : too common
sherman-hoytae
Considered but rejected: a synonym of E.
Eriastrum densifolium ( Ben th . ) pluriflorum; a common taxon
Mason ssp. sanctorum ( M l kn . )
Mason
Eriastrum tracyi H . Mason
"Santa Ana River wool lystar"
Polemoniaceae "Tracy's eriastrum " Polemoniaceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-3
List 18 / RED 3-3-3
State Rare
State Endangered/Federal
Colusa, Glenn, Santa Clara, Tehama,
Endangered
Tri nity
Orange*, Riverside, San Bernard i no
426A, 426D, 564A, 564C, 564D, 6 1 2D,
87C*, 1 06C, 1 06 0, 1 07A, 1 07B*, 1 07C,
1 070 650C
Chaparral, cismontane woodland;
Chaparral, coastal scrub (alluvial fan) /
sandy or gravel ly; elevation 1 50-6 1 0 elevation 3 1 5-760 meters.
meters. Annual herb, blooms J une-J uly.
Perennial herb, blooms j u ne-September. Threatened by vehicles and grazi ng. A
Known from one extended but fragment­ synonym of E. brandegeae in TheJepson
ed population. Threatened by develop­ Manual. See Madrano 8(3 ):87 ( 1 945) for
ment, vehicles, sand and gravel min ing, original descri ption.
flood control projects, and non-native
plants. See Crossosoma 1 0( 5): 1 -8 ( 1 984)
and Fremontia 1 3(3): 1 9-20 ( 1 985) for
species accounts, Fremontia 1 7( 3 ) : 20-2 1
( 1 989) for discussion o f ecology, and Sys­
tematic Botany 23(3 ) : 3 5 1 -368 ( 1 999) for
taxonomic i nformation.
1 52 C N P S I N V E N TORY O F RA R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS

Eriastrum virgatum ( Benth. )
Mason
"vi rgate eriastru m " Polemon iaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3
Monterey, San Benito
Coastal bluff scrub, chaparral, coastal
d u nes, coastal scrub / sandy; elevation
45-700 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J uly.
Ericameria brachylepis
Considered but rejected: too common
Ericameria cuneata (Gray)
McClatchie var. macrocephala
U rbatsch
" Lagu n a Mountains goldenbush"
Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
San Diego
1 9B, 1 9C, 1 9 D, 20D
Chaparral (granitic); elevation
1 1 95-1 850 meters.
Shrub, blooms September-December.
Known on ly from the Laguna Mtns. See
Madrofio 23(6):338-345 ( 1 976) for origi­
nal descri ption.
Ericameria fasciculata ( Eastw. )
Macbr.
" Eastwood's golden bush" Asteraceae
List 18 / RED 3-3-3
Monterey
365B, 365C, 366A, 3 66C, 366D, 386C
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral
( mariti me), coastal d unes, coastal scrub /
sandy, open ings; elevation 30-2 75
meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms J uly-October.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences in the Monterey Bay area. Threat­
ened by development. See Bulletin ofthe
Torrey Botanical Club 32:2 1 5 ( 1 905) for
original description.
Ericameria gilmanii ( Blake) G.
N esom
"Gi lman's golden bush" Asteraceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-3
I nyo, Kern
2 58B, 302A, 392D
Subalpine coniferous forest, upper mon­
tane coniferous forest / carbonate or
granitic, rocky; elevation 2 1 00-3400
meters.
Shrub, blooms August-September.
See Madrano 37(1 ) : 63 ( 1 990) for first Broad leaved upland forest, lower mon­
Kern County record , and Phytologia tane coniferous forest, pi nyon and
68(2): 1 44-1 55 ( 1 990) for revised j u n i per wood land, u pper montane
nomenclature. coniferous forest / rocky, granitic;
elevation 1 500-2440 meters.
Ericameria nana N utt. Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
July-August.
"dwarf golden bush" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -1
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. See University ofCalifornia Publica­
I nyo, Mono, San Bernard i no; Idah o, tions in Botany 6: 1 74 ( 1 9 1 5) for original
Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and description, and Phytologia 72(3): 1 57-208
elsewhere ( 1 992) for taxonomic treatment.
Pi nyon and juniper wood land ( rocky, car­
bonate or gran itic); elevation 1 585-2800
meters.
Erigeron angustatus Greene
Shrub, blooms J u ly-November. "narrow-leaved daisy" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3
Lake, Napa, Sonoma
Ericameria ophitidis U .T. Howell)
G. N esom 500A, 500B, 502B, 5 1 6C, 5 1 6 D, 51 7A,
5 1 7B, 5 1 9 D, 533C, 548B
"serpentine golden bush" Asteraceae
Chaparral ( serpentin ite); elevation
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 80-1 50 meters.
Shasta, Tehama, Trin ity
Perennial herb, blooms May-September.
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
See Bulletin ofthe Southern California Acade­
forest / generally serpentinite; elevation
my ofSciences 1 :88 ( 1 885) for original
1 1 80-1 690 meters.
description, and Phytologia 72(3): 1 57-208
Shrub, bloom s J u ne-August. ( 1 992) for taxonomic treatment.
See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 6:85 ( 1 950)
for original description, and Phytologia Erigeron aphanactis var. congestus
68( 2 ) : 1 44-1 55 ( 1 990) for revised
Considered but rejected : too common
nomenclature.
Erigeron argentatus
Ericameria palmeri (Gray) H a l l ssp.
Considered but rejected: too common
palmeri
" Palmer's golden bush" Asteraceae
Erigeron biolettii Greene
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
San Diego; Baja Cal ifornia "streamside d aisy" Asteraceae
List 3 / RED ?-?-3
9B, 1 0B, 1 1 A, 1 1 B* , 1 1 D, 2 1 C, 2 2D,
34D Humboldt, Mendocino, Mari n , Napa,
Solano, Sonoma
Chaparral, coastal scrub / mesic;
elevation 30-600 meters. 482B, 484A, 500C, 5 0 1 A, 502B, 503A,
5 1 6C, 5 1 7C, 5 1 7D, 551 C, 6 1 7D
S h rub (evergreen ), blooms
J u ly-November. Broadleaved upland forest, cismontane
woodland, North Coast coniferous forest /
Known in Californ ia from only six occur­
rocky, mesic; elevation 30-1 1 00 meters.
rences. Threatened by development.
USFWS uses the name Haplopappus Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne-September.
palmeri ssp. palmeri. Move to List 1 B? Location , rarity, and
endangerment information needed . Most
collections are very old. l ntergrades with
Erigeron acris var. debilis
E. inornatus. See Manual ofthe Botany ofthe
See Trimorpha acris var. debilis Region ofSan Francisco Bay, p. 1 8 1 ( 1 894)
by E. Greene for original description, and
Erigeron aequifolius Hall Phytologia 72(2): 1 57-208 ( 1 992) for tax­
onomic treatment.
"Hall's daisy" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
Fresno, Kern, Tu lare
Erigeron blochmaniae Greene
258B, 307B, 307C, 330C, 374C, 374D, " Blochman's leafy d aisy" Asteraceae
375C, 375D List 1 8 I RED 2-2-3
Santa Barbara, San Lu is Obispo
1 45B, 1 7 1 A, 1 71 C, 1 95B, 1 96B, 1 96D,
22 1 B, 22 1 0, 247D

Coastal dunes, coastal scrub; elevation
3-45 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
J u ly-August.
Threatened by development, non-natives,
and vehicles. See Pittonia 3 : 2 7-28 ( 1 896)
for original description, and Phytologia
72(3 ) : 1 57-208 ( 1 992) for taxonomic
treatment.
Erigeron bloomeri Gray var.
nudatus (Gray) Cro n q .
"Waldo daisy" Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 2-1-1
Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon
700A, 701 A, 737B, 738A, 738B, 738C,
739A
Lower montane coniferous forest, upper
montane coniferous forest / serpentinite;
elevation 600-2300 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms June-J u ly.
Erigeron breweri var. bisanctus
Considered but rejected : a synonym of E.
breweri; a common taxon
Erigeron breweri Gray var.
jacinteus ( Ha l l ) Cronq.
"San Jaci nto Mou ntains daisy" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernardino
Subal pine coniferous forest, upper mon­
tane coniferous forest / rocky; elevation
2 700-2900 meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
J u ne-September.
See University ofCalifornia Publications in
Botany 1 : 1 27 ( 1 902) for original descrip­
tion, and Phytologia 72(3 ) : 1 57-208
( 1 992) for taxonomic treatment.
Erigeron calvus Cov.
" bald daisy" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
I nyo
350C
Great Basin scrub; elevation 1 200-1 200
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May.
Known only from near Keeler; field sur­
veys needed. Closely related to E. divergens,
and also confused with E. aphanactis var.
aphanactis; detailed study needed. See Pro­
ceedinlJ ofthe Biological Society ofWashington
7:69 ( 1 89 2 ) for original description
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Erigeron cervinus Greene
"Siskiyou daisy" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Del Norte, Siskiyou, Tri nity; Oregon
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps; elevation 2 5-1 900 meters.
Perenn ial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
June-August.
Incl udes E. delicatus. Endangered i n
Oregon.
Erigeron compactus Blake var.
compactus
"cushion d aisy" Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1
I nyo; Nevada, Utah, Wyoming
392A, 392C, 392D, 41 2A, 41 2C
Pi nyon and juniper woodland ( rocky or
gravel ly, carbonate) ; elevation
1 300-2900 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-Ju ly.
Known in California from the White and
Inyo mountains. See ProceedinlJ ofthe Bio­
logical Society ofWashington 35:78 ( 1 922) for
original description, and Brittonia 6(2): 1 87
( 1 947) for taxonomic treatment.
Erigeron decumbens N utt. var.
robustior (Cronq.) Cronq.
"robust daisy" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
H umboldt, Mendoci no, Trinity
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps / sometimes serpentinite;
elevation 200-61 0 meters.
Perennial herb, bloom s J u ne-Ju ly.
See Madrano 35(2 ) :8 1 -82 ( 1 988) for tax­
onomic treatment.
Erigeron delicatus
See Erigeron cervinus
Erigeron disparipilus Cronq.
"Snake River daisy" Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 3-3-1
Lassen; Idaho, Oregon , Washi ngton
673A, 673B
Great Basin scrub; elevation 2620
meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms June-J u ly.
Known i n Cal iforn i a from one small
occurrence from Hat Mtn. i n Warner
Mtns.; one plant collected in 1 9 9 3 .
Endangered in Orego n . Not in TheJepson
Manual. See Brittonia 6(2 ) : 1 94 ( 1 947)
for origi nal descri ption.
1 53
Erigeron elegantulus Greene
"vo lcan ic daisy" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
Lassen, Modoc, Shasta, Siskiyou,
Tehama; Oregon
Alpine boulder and rock field, Great
Basin scrub, pinyon and juniper wood­
l and, subalpine coniferous forest, upper
montane coniferous forest / volcanic;
elevation 1 000-2665 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-August.
Protected in part at Ash Valley RNA
( B LM), Lassen County. See Fremontia
1 6(1 ) : 1 5-1 7 ( 1 988) for brief species
account and BLM management plans.
Erigeron flexuosus
Considered but rejected : too common; a
synonym of E. lassenianus var. lassenianus
Erigeron foliosus var. blochmaniae
See Erigeron blochmaniae
Erigeron foliosus var. franciscensis
Considered but rejected : too common
Erigeron inornatus Gray var.
calidipetris G. Nesom
"hot rock daisy" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Butte, Lassen, Modoc, Plu mas, Shasta,
Siskiyou
Lower montane coniferous forest (sandy,
volcanic); elevation 1 1 00- 1 905 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-September.
See Phytologia 72( 3 ) : 1 57-208 ( 1 992) for
original descri ption.
Erigeron inornatus Gray var. keilii
G. Nesom
" Keil's daisy" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
Fresno, Tu lare
308B, 354B, 374D, 375A, 375C, 37SD
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps; elevation 1 800-2 200
meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms June-Septem ber.
See Phytologia 72(3) : 1 57-208 ( 1 992) for
original descri ption.
Erigeron inornatus var. reductus
Considered but rejected : a synonym of E.
reductus var. reductus; a common taxon
1 54 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Erigeron lobatus
Considered but rejected : not in Califor­
nia; m isidentification of E. divergens; a
common taxon
Erigeron mariposanus Congd .
" Mariposa daisy" Asteraceae
List 1 A
Mariposa*
41 9B*
Cismontane woodland; elevation
600-800 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-August.
Suspected to have occurred in special ized
habitat. Last seen in 1 900. See Erythea
7: 1 85 ( 1 900) for original description,
and Phytologia 72(3) : 1 57-208 ( 1 992) for
taxonomic treatment.
Erigeron miser Gray
"starved d aisy" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
Nevada, Placer
555A, 555C, 555D
Upper montane coni ferous forest
(rocky); elevation 1 840-2620 meters.
Perennial herb, bloomsJune-October.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Arts and Sciences 1 3 :272 ( 1 878) for original
description, and Phytologia 72(3 ) : 1 57-208
( 1 992) for taxonomic treatment.
Erigeron multiceps Greene
" Kern River daisy" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Fresno, Tul are
306B, 306C, 307A, 307B, 307D, 330C,
3530
Meadows and seeps, upper montane
coniferous forest (openi ngs); elevation
1 500-2500 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J une-September.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences on the Kern Plateau. Possi bly
threatened by grazi ng, vehicles, and log­
ging. Sequioa NF has adopted species
management gu idelines. Simi lar to E.
divergens. See Pittonia 2 : 1 67 ( 1 89 1 ) for
original description, and Phytologia
73(3 ) : 1 86-202 ( 1 992) for taxonomic
information.
Erigeron nevadincola Blake
"Nevada daisy" Asteraceae
List 2 I RED 2-1-1
Lassen, Plu mas, Sierra; Nevada
570A, 586A, 586B, 586D, 602D
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­
erous forest, pi nyon and j u n iper wood­
land / rocky; elevation 1 400-2900
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
See E. eatonii var. nevadincola in TheJepson
Manual. See Proceedings ofthe Biological Soci­
ety ofWashington 35:78 ( 1 922) for original
description, and Phytologia 73(3): 1 9 1 -1 92
( 1 992) for alternate taxonomic treatment.
Erigeron parishii Gray
" Parish's daisy" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-3-3
Federal Threatened
Riverside, San Bernardino
1 03B, 1 03C, 1 04B, 1 30C, 1 3 1 A, 1 3 1 C,
1 3 1 0, 1 32 0
Mojavean desert scrub, pinyon and
juniper woodland / usually carbonate;
elevation 800-2000 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Threatened by carbonate m i n i ng, veh i­
cles, and residential development. See
Synoptical Flora ofNorth America 1 ( 2 ) : 2 2 1
( 1 884) for original descri ption, a n d Fre­
montia 1 6( 1 ):20-2 1 ( 1 988) for d iscussion
of mining threats.
Erigeron petrophilus var.
petrophilus
Considered but rejected: too common
Erigeron petrophilus Greene var.
sierrensis G. Nesom
"northern Sierra d aisy" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Butte, El Dorado, Nevada, Plu mas,
Sierra, Yu ba
Cismontane woodland, lower montane
coniferous forest, upper montane conif­
erous forest / sometimes serpentinite;
elevation 300-1 980 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
J u ne-October.
See Phytologia 72(3): 1 57-208 ( 1 992) for
original description.
Erigeron petrophilus Green e var.
viscidulus (Gray) G . N esom
" Klamath daisy" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -2
Humboldt, Shasta, Siskiyou, Tri n ity;
Oregon
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest, meadows and seeps, upper mon­
tane coniferous forest / sometimes ser­
pentinite; elevation 1 500-2700 meters.
Perenn ial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
J u ly-September.
I ntergrades with E. reductus. E. petrophilus
Endangered i n Oregon . See Synoptical
Flora ofNorth America 1 ( 2 ) : 2 1 5 ( 1 884)
for original descri ption, and Phytologia
72(3 ) : 1 5 7-208 ( 1 992) for taxonomic
treatment.
Erigeron sanctarum Wats.
"Saint's d aisy" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz Island, San
Luis Obispo, Santa Rosa Island
Chaparral, cismontane woodland,
coastal scrub; elevation 1 60-3 50 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
March-July.
Threatened by development. Known from
Santa Cruz Island from a si ngle collection
in 1 965.
Erigeron serpentinus G. N esom
"serpentine daisy" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1 -3
Sonoma
5 1 80, 5 1 9C, 5 1 9 0
Chaparral (serpentinite, seeps); elevation
60-670 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
Known only from The Cedars and along
Porter Creek. Similar to E. angustatus. See
Phytologia 72(3 ) : 1 57-208 ( 1 992) for orig­
i nal descri ption.
Erigeron supplex Gray
"supple d aisy" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
H u m boldt*, Mendocino, Mari n * ,
Sonoma
485C* , 520B, 520D, 537A, 537B, 537C,
5370, 5690
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal prarie;
elevation 1 0-50 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Need historical quad for H umboldt Coun­
ty. Threatened by coastal development.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Arts and Sciences 24:83 ( 1 889) for original
description, and Madroflo 33( 4 ): 308-309
( 1 986) for distributional i nformation.
Erigeron uncialis Blake var. uncialis
" l i m estone d aisy" Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
I nyo, San Bernardino; Nevada
1 3 1 D, 249D, 350D, 369B, 372A

Great Basin scrub, subal pine coniferous
forest / carbonate; elevation 2 1 00-2900
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J une-J u ly.
Erigeron utahensis Gray
" Utah daisy" Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
San Bernardino; Arizona, Nevada, Utah,
and elsewhere
1 76A, 225D
Pi nyon and juni per wood land (carbon­
ate); elevation 1 500-2320 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Known i n Cal ifornia only from the Provi­
dence and New York mountains. See
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
and Sciences 1 6 :89 ( 1 880) for origi nal
descri pti o n .
Eriochloa aristata
Considered but rejected: not native;
i ntroduced from Arizona
Eriodictyon altissimum Wells
" I nd ian Knob m ou ntai nbalm"
Hydrophyllaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
San Luis Obispo
221 B, 247D
Chaparral (maritime), cismontane wood­
land, coastal scru b / sandstone; elevation
80-270 meters.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms March-June.
Known from six occurrences i n the I rish
H ills and I n dian Knob. Threatened by
u rban ization, energy development, and
veh icles, and possibly by alteration of
fire regi mes and non-native plants. See
Madrano 1 6(6): 1 84- 1 86 ( 1 962) for origi­
nal descri ption .
Eriodictyon angustifolium N utt.
"narrow-leaved yerba santa"
Hydrophyl laceae
List 2 / RED 2-1-1
San Bernardino; Arizona, Baja Californ ia,
Nevada, Utah, and elsewhere
1 76C, 200A, 224C, 225D
Pi nyon and juniper wood land; elevation
1 500-1 900 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms May-August.
Known in Cali forn ia only from the New
York and Granite mountains.
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 1 55
Eriodictyon capitatum Eastw. Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-October.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences
" Lom poc yerba santa" Hyd rophyllaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
near lone. Threatened by vehicles and
mining. Protected i n part at Apricum Hill
State Rare/Federal Endangered ER ( DFG). See Leaflets ofWestern Botany
Santa Barbara 7( 1 0) :237-238 ( 1 955) for original
1 45A, 1 45B, 1 68C, 1 70B, 1 71 A, 1 95C description, and Phytologia 66(4):320-
321 ( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral
(maritime) / sandy; elevation 40-900
meters. Eriogonum apricum J .T. Howe l l var.
Shrub (evergreen) , blooms May-August. prostratum Myatt
Known from only seven occurrences. " I rish H i l l buckwheat" Polygonaceae
Threatened by non-native plants and List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
alteration of fi re regi mes. See Leaflets of
State Endangered/Federal
Western Botany 1 :40-41 ( 1 933) for origi­ Endangered
nal descri ption.
Amador
494B, 495A
Eriodictyon tomentosum
Chaparral (openings, lone soil ); elevation
Considered b u t rejected: too common
90-1 20 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms June-Ju ly.
Eriodictyon traskiae ssp. traskiae
Known from only two occurrences near
Considered but rejected: a synonym of E.
I rish Hill and Carbondale Mesa on the
traskiae; a common taxon lone Formation. Threatened by vehicles,
mini ng, and erosion. See Madrano 20(6):
Eriodictyon trichocalyx var. 320 ( 1 970) for original description, and
Phytologia 66(4):320-321 ( 1 989) for taxo­
lanatum
Considered but rejected: too com mon nomic treatment.
Eriogonum arborescens
Eriogonum alpinum Engel m .
Considered but rejected: too common
"Trin ity buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-3
Eriogonum argillosum J .T. H owel l
State Endangered
Siskiyou, Tri nity "clay-loving buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
683A, 699C, 700D
Monterey, San Benito, Santa Clara
Alpine boulder and rock field, subal pine
coniferous forest, upper montane conifer­ Cismontane wood land (serpentinite or
ous forest / serpentinite, rocky; elevation clay); elevation 1 50-800 meters.
21 85-2900 meters. Annual herb, blooms March-June.
Perennial herb (rh izomatous), blooms See Phytologia 66( 4 ):3 76 ( 1 989) for taxo-
June-September. nomic treatment.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences
in the Mt. Eddy and Cory Pk. areas. See Eriogonum baileyi Wats. var.
Botanical Gazette 7:6 ( 1 882) for original praebens (Gan d . ) Rev.
description, and Phytologia 66(4):356-357
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment. "Bailey's woolly buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
Eriogonum ampullaceum I nyo, Lassen, Plumas, Mono, Sierra;
Nevada
Considered but rejected: too common
Great Basin scrub, meadows and seeps,
pinyon and juniper woodland / sandy;
Eriogonum apricum j .T. H owel l var. elevation 1 300-2900 meters.
apricum Annual herb, blooms May-September.
"lone buckwheat" Polygonaceae See Taxon 32(2):294 ( 1 983) for revised
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 nomenclature, and Phytologia 66( 4 ):381
State Endangered/Federal ( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Endangered
Amador Eriogonum beatleyae
494C, 495A Considered but rejected: not in California
Chaparral (openings, lone soil); elevation
60-1 45 meters.
1 56 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Eriogonum bifurcatum Rev.
"forked buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-2
I nyo, San Bernard i no; Nevada
2 73 D, 274A, 298A
Chenopod scrub (sandy); elevation
700-8 1 0 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-June.
Known in California from six occur­
rences. Threatened in Nevada. See Aliso
7(3):357-360 ( 1 97 1 ) for original
descri ption, and Phytologia 66(4):363
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Eriogonum breedlovei (J .T. Howe l l )
Rev. var. breedlovei
" B reed l ove's buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Kern
237A, 237B, 260C, 260D
Pinyon and j u n i per woodland, u pper
montane con iferous forest I often car­
bonate; elevation 1 890-2590 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms June-August.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences in the Piute Mtns. See Mentzelia
1 : 1 9-2 1 ( 1 975) for original description,
and Phytologia 66(4):323 ( 1 989) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Eriogonum breedlovei (J .T. Howell)
Rev. var. shevockii J .T. Howel l
"The Need les buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Kern, Tulare
Pinyon and j u n i per woodland, u pper
montane con iferous forest / granitic,
rocky; elevation 1 6 1 5-2575 meters.
Perennial herb, bloomsJuly-September.
See Mentzelia 1 : 1 9-2 1 ( 1 975 ) for original
description, and Phytologia 66(4):323
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Eriogonum butterworthianum J .T.
Howe l l
"Butterworth 's buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1 -3
State Rare
Monterey
3 1 9B, 3 1 9C
Chaparral (sandstone); elevation
585-730 meters.
Perennial herb, bloomsJune-J uly.
Known from only four occu rrences near
Arroyo Seco i n the Santa Lucia Mtns.
Possibly threatened by tram pling. See
Leaflets ofWestern Botany 9(9- 1 0): 1 53-
1 54 ( 1 961 ) for origi nal descri ption, and
Phytologia 66( 4):328 ( 1 989) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Eriogonum caninum
See Eriogonum luteolum var. caninum
Eriogonum cithariforme
Considered but rejected: too common
Eriogonum collinum Jones
" h i l l buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -1
Lassen, Nevada; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon
Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and j u n iper
woodland / vertisol clay; elevation
1 300-1 800 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms June-Septem ber.
Not in TheJepson Manual. See Contributions
to Western Botany 1 1 : 1 5 ( 1 903) for original
description, and Phytologia 66(4):368-369
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Eriogonum congdonii (S. Stokes)
Rev.
"Congdon's buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Shasta, Siskiyou, Tri nity
Lower montane coniferous forest (ser­
penti nite); elevation 1 000-2345 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms J u ne-August.
See Aliso 7( 2): 220 ( 1 970) for original
description, and Phytologia 66(4):349
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Eriogonum contiguum ( Rev. ) Rev.
" Reveal's buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1
I nyo, San Bernard ino; Nevada
298A, 298C, 323B, 323C, 324A, 324D,
346D, 367C
Mojavean desert scrub (sandy); elevation
30-1 000 meters.
Annual herb, blooms February-J u ne.
Need quads for San Bernard i no County.
See Phytologia 2 3 : 1 75 ( 1 972) for original
description and 66( 4 ):359 ( 1 989) for
taxonomic treatment.
Eriogonum crocatum A. Davids.
"Conejo buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
State Rare
Ventura
1 1 3A, 1 1 3 B, 1 1 3C, 1 1 4A
Chaparral, coastal scrub, valley and
footh i l l grassland / Conejo volcanic out­
crops, rocky; elevation 50-580 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ly.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Threatened by potential develop­
ment. See Bulletin ofthe Southern California
Academy ofSciences 23: 1 7 ( 1 924) for origi­
nal description, and Phytologia 66(4):338-
339 ( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Eriogonum dasyanthemum
Considered but rejected: too common
Eriogonum deserticola
Considered but rejected : too common
Eriogonum diclinum Rev.
"Jaynes Canyon buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Siskiyou, Tri nity; Oregon
Upper montane coniferous forest (often
serpentinite); elevation 1 700-2400
meters.
Perennial herb, bloomsJune-September.
On watch l ist in Oregon . See Aliso 7(2):
2 1 8 ( 1 970) for original descri ption, and
Phytologia 66(4):354 ( 1 989) for taxonom­
ic treatment.
Eriogonum eastwoodianum J .T.
H owel l
" Eastwood's buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Fresno, Monterey
Cismontane woodland (sandy or clay);
elevation 500- 1 000 meters.
Annual herb, blooms J u ne-J u ly.
Margi nally distinct from E. temblorense;
needs study. See Phytologia 66( 4):374-375
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Eriogonum elegans
Considered but rejected : too common
Eriogonum eremicola J .T. H owe l l
& Rev.
"Wi ldrose Canyon buckwheat"
Polygonaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1 -3
I nyo
302A, 350B, 350D
Pi nyon and j u n i per woodland, upper
montane coniferous forest / sandy or
gravel ly; elevation 2200-3 1 00 meters.
Annual herb, blooms June-September.

Known from only five occurrences. See
Phytologia 66( 4 ):365 ( 1 989) for taxonom­
ic treatment.
Eriogonum ericifolium T. & G var.
thornei Rev. & Hendrickson
"Thorne's buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
State Endangered
San Bernardino
2250
Pinyan and j u n i per woodland (gravel ly);
elevation 1 800-1 830 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
Known from only two occu rrences i n
t h e New York .Mtns. See Madrano 2 3 ( 4 ) :
205-209 ( 1 975) for original description,
and Phytologia 66( 4 ):3 1 3 ( 1 9 8 9 ) for tax-
onomic treatment.
Eriogonum esmeraldense var.
esmeraldense
Considered but rejected : too common
Eriogonum foliosum Wars.
"leafy buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-2
Riverside, San Bernard ino, San Diego;
Baja California
20D, 48C, 66B, 1 05A, 1 05B, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 0
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest, pi nyon and jun iper wood land /
sandy; elevation 1 200-2200 meters.
Annual herb, blooms J uly-October.
Easily confused with E. davidsonii; possi­
bly overlooked . Most occu rrences not
seen recently; need field su rveys. See Phy­
tologia 66( 4):382 ( 1 989) for taxonomic
treatment.
Eriogonum giganteum Wars. var.
compactum D u n kle
"Santa Barbara Island buckwheat"
Polygonaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
State Rare
Santa Barbara Island
SBRA
Coastal bluff scrub ( usually rocky);
elevation 1 0-300 meters.
Shrub (decid uous), blooms May-August.
Known from fewer than fi fteen occur­
rences, but popu lation n u m bers are
i ncreasi ng. See Bulletin ofthe Southern Cal­
ifornia Academy ofSciences 4 1 : 1 30 ( 1 943 )
for original description, and Phytologia
66(4) :3 1 8-3 1 9 ( 1 989) for taxonomic
treatment.
C N P S I N V E NTO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Eriogonum giganteum Wats. var.
formosum K. Bdg.
"San Clemente Island buckwheat"
Polygonaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
San Clemente I sland
SCMC, SCMN, SCMS
Coastal bluff scrub ( rocky); elevation
1 0-455 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms
March-October.
Possibly threatened by Navy activities.
Feral herbivores removed from San
Clemente Island, and vegetation recov­
eri ng. See Phytologia 66( 4):3 1 8-3 1 9
( 1 989) fo r taxonomic treatment.
Eriogonum giganteum Wats. var.
giganteum
"Santa Catalina Island buckwheat"
Polygonaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3
Santa Catalina Island
Chaparral, coastal scrub / rocky; elevation
1 0-535 meters.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms
March-October.
Widely planted on mainland; potentially
causing loss of reproductive isolation
within the whole of the E. fasciculatum/
E. giganteum complex. I ntroduced on
Santa Cruz Island, but removal efforts
ongoing. Possibly threatened by road
maintenance and development. See Pro­
ceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
and Sciences 20:371 ( 1 885) for original
descri ption, and Phytologia 66(4) :295-4 1 4
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Eriogonum gilmanii S. Stokes
"Gil man's buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-1-3
I nyo
369C, 370A, 390B, 390C, 390D
Mojavean desert scrub (gravel ly);
elevation 1 220-2225 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-September.
See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 3 ( 1 ): 1 6
( 1 941 ) for original descri ption, and Phy­
tologia 66( 4):335 ( 1 989) for taxonomic
treatment.
Eriogonum gossypinum Curran
"cottony buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Fresno, Kings, Kern, San Luis Obispo
Chenopod scrub, valley and foothill grass­
land / clay; elevation 1 00-550 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-Septem ber.
1 57
See Phytologia 66(4):372 ( 1 989) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Eriogonum gracilipes
Considered but rejected: too common
Eriogonum grande var. dunklei
See Eriogonum grande var. rubescens
Eriogonum grande Greene var.
grande
"island buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Anacapa Island, San Clemente Island,
Santa Catalina Island, Santa Cruz Island
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub, valley
and foothill grassland; elevation 3-460
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-October.
See Phytologia 66(4):333-334 ( 1 989) for
taxonomic treatment.
Eriogonum grande Greene var.
rubescens (Greene) M u nz
"red-fl owered buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Anacapa Island, Santa Cruz Island, San
Miguel Island, Santa Rosa Island
ANAC, SCZA, S M I E, SM IW, SRON
Coastal bluff scrub, chaparral, coastal
scrub; elevation 1 0-245 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-October.
Threatened by feral herbivores, and by cat­
tle grazing on Santa Rosa Island. I ncludes
E. grande var. dunklei. See Pittonia 1 :39
( 1 887) for original description, and Phy­
tologia 66( 4 ):333-334 ( 1 989) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Eriogonum grande Greene var.
timorum Rev.
"San N icolas Island buckwheat"
Polygon aceae
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
State Endangered
San Nicolas Island
SNIC
Coastal bluff scrub; elevation 1 0-2 1 5
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-October.
Possibly threatened by Navy activities, ero­
sion, non-native plants, and hybridization
with i ntroduced Eriogonum spp. See Aliso
7(2):229 ( 1 970) for original description,
and Phytologia 66(4):333-334 ( 1 989) for
taxonomic treatment.
1 58 C N P S I N V E NTO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS
Eriogonum heermannii D u r. & H i lg.
var. floccosum M u nz
"Clark Mou ntain buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3
San Bernardino
Pinyon and j u n i per wood land (carbon­
ate); elevation 900-2400 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms August­
October.
See Phytologia 66( 4):3 1 4-3 1 6 ( 1 989) for
taxonomic treatment.
Eriogonum heermannii D u r. & H i lg.
var. occidentale S. Stokes
"western Heermann's buckwheat"
Polygonaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Fresno, Monterey, San Ben ito
Cismontane wood land (clay or shale);
elevation 600-1 000 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms j u ly-October.
See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 1 ( 4 ):30
( 1 932 ) for original descri ption, and Phy­
tologia 66(4):3 1 4-3 1 6 ( 1 989) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Eriogonum heracleoides N utt. var.
heracleoides
"parsni p-flowered buckwheat"
Polygonaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 - 1
Lassen, Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon ,
Washington, Wyomi ng, a n d elsewhere
Great Basin scrub, lower montane con if­
erous forest, pi nyon and jun iper wood­
l and, upper montane coniferous forest /
often rocky; elevation 1 200-2930 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J une-August.
Close to E. umbellatum. See Phytologia
66( 4 ):347 ( 1 989) for taxonomic
treatment.
Eriogonum hirtellum J .T. H owel l &
Bacig.
" Klamath Mountai n buckwheat"
Polygonaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
Del Norte, Siskiyou
71 9A, 721 A, 7360, 737B, 737C, 738A,
7380
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest, upper montane coniferous forest /
serpentinite; elevation 6 1 0-1 900 meters.
Peren nial herb (rh izomatous), blooms
J u ly-September.
Possibly threatened by logging and graz­
i ng. Klamath NF has adopted species
management guidelines. See Leaflets of
Western Botany 9: 1 74-1 76 ( 1 961 ) for orig­
inal descri ption, and Phytologia 66( 4 ):355
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Eriogonum hoffmannii S. Stokes
var. hoffmannii
" Hoffmann's buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
I nyo
302A, 325B, 325C, 326A, 326D
Mojavean desert scrub, pi nyon and
jun iper wood land / rocky; elevation
1 000-1 700 meters.
Annual herb, bloomsjune-September.
See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 1 (3):23
( 1 932) for original descri ption, Madrano
22(7):379-380 ( 1 974) for redescription,
and Phytologia 66(4):365 ( 1 989) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Eriogonum hoffmannii S. Stokes
var. robustius S. Stokes
"robust Hoffmann's buckwheat"
Polygonaceae
List 18 / RED 2-1 -3
I nyo
300B, 323C, 324A
Mojavean desert scrub (sandy); elevation
300-1 200 meters.
Annual herb, blooms August-November.
See Leaflets of Western Botany 3( 1 ) : 1 6
( 1 941 ) for original descri ption, Madrano
22(7):379-380 ( 1 974) for redescri ption,
and Phytologia 66( 4):365 ( 1 989) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Eriogonum hookeri
Considered but rejected: too common
Eriogonum intrafractum Cov. &
Mort.
"jointed buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-3
I nyo
323B, 325D, 326A, 368A, 368C, 368D
Mojavean desert scrub (carbonate);
elevation 6 1 0- 1 830 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-October.
See journal ofthe Washington Academy ofSci­
ences 26:305 ( 1 936) for original descrip­
tion, and Phytologia 66( 4 ):359 ( 1 989) for
taxonomic treatment.
Eriogonum kearneyi var. kearneyi
Considered but rejected : a synonym of E.
nummulare; a common taxon
Eriogonum kelloggii Gray
" Kellogg's buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-3
State Endangered/Federal
Candidate
Mendocino
600B, 600C
Lower montane coniferous forest (rocky,
serpentin ite); elevation 925-1 220 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
Known from only five occurrences in the
Red Mtn. area near Leggett. Potentially
threatened by m i ning. Protected in part
at Red Mtn. ACEC ( BLM ). See Proceedings
of the American Academy ofArts and Sciences
8:293 ( 1 870) for original description,
and Phytologia 66(4):351 ( 1 989) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Eriogonum kennedyi Wats. var.
alpigenum M . & J .
"southern alpine buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
Los Angeles, San Bernard ino, Ventura
1 05C, 1 05 0, 1 34C, 1 35 0, 1 90C
Alpine boulder and rock field, subal pine
coniferous forest / granitic, gravel ly;
elevation 2600-3 500 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J uly-September.
See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
5 1 :296 ( 1 924) for original descri ption,
and Phytologia 66(4):3 26-32 7 ( 1 989) for
taxonomic treatment.
Eriogonum kennedyi Wats. var.
austromontanum M . & J .
"southern mou ntain buckwheat"
Polygonaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3
Federal Threatened
San Bernard i no
1 05A, 1 05B, 1 26 0, 1 30C, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 0,
1 3 20
Lower montane coniferous forest (gravel­
ly), pebble ( pavement) plain; elevation
1 770-2375 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-September.
Threatened by vehicles, development,
grazing, and non-native plants. See Bul­
letin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 51 :295
( 1 924) for origi nal description, and Phy­
tologia 66(4):326-327 ( 1 989) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 1 59

Eriogonum kennedyi var. kennedyi
Considered but rejected: too common
Eriogonum kennedyi Wats. var.
pinicola Rev.
" Kern buckwheat" Polygon aceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3
Kern
2 1 1 B, 2 1 2A( * ? )
Chaparral, pinyon and juniper woodland /
clay; elevation 1 340-1 950 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Known from only three occurrences from
the Sweet Ridge area. Threatened by
wi nd energy development and vehicles.
See Phytologia 66( 4):326-328 ( 1 989) for
taxonomic treatment.
Eriogonum kennedyi var. purpusii
Considered but rejected: too common
Eriogonum latens
Considered but rejected: too common
Eriogonum libertini Rev.
" O u bakel l a Mou ntain buckwheat"
Polygonaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Shasta, Siskiyou, Tehama, Tri nity
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest / serpentinite; elevation
1 200-1 720 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne-August.
See Madrano 28(3 ) : 1 63- 1 66 ( 1 98 1 ) for
origi nal descri ption, and Phytologia
66( 4 ) : 349 ( 1 989) for taxonomic
treatment.
Eriogonum luteolum Greene var.
caninum (Greene) Rev.
"Tiburon buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 3 / RED ?-2-3
Alameda, Colusa, Lake, Marin , Napa,
Santa Clara, San Mateo, Sonoma*
407A, 448C, 465C, 466B, 466C, 467A,
467B, 4670, 484B, 484C, 499B, 499C,
502B* , 5 1 6A, 5 1 7A, 5 1 7B( * ? ), 5490
Chaparral, coastal prarie, valley and foot­
hill grassland / serpentin ite; elevation
1 0-500 meters.
Annual herb, blooms J u ne-Septem ber.
Move to List 1 B? Location information
needed, especially quads for Colusa
Cou nty. Not clearly distinguishable from
var. luteolum; E. luteolum is simi lar to E.
gracile to the south, and E. vimineum to the
northeast. Threatened by development
and non-native plants. See Flora Francis­
cana, pp. 1 50-1 5 1 ( 1 89 1 ) by E. Greene
for original description, and Phytologia
66( 4 ):378-3 79 ( 1 989) for alternative
treatment which restricts var. caninum to
Alamdea and Marin counties.
Eriogonum microthecum N utt. var.
alpinum Rev.
" northern l imestone buckwheat"
Polygonaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Alpine, Mono, Tuolumne
Alpine dwarf scrub, Great Basin scrub /
sometimes rocky or gravel ly; elevation
2500-3300 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ly-September.
See Brigham Young University Science Bulletin
1 3( 1 ) : 3 1 ( 1 97 1 ) for original description,
and Phytologia 66(4): 3 1 1 -3 1 3 ( 1 989) for
taxonomic treatment.
Eriogonum microthecum var.
corym bosoides
Considered but rejected : too common
Eriogonum microthecum N utt. var.
johnstonii Rev.
"J ohnston's buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
Los Angeles, San Bernardino
1 04B, 1 08A, 1 34B, 1 34C
Subal pine coniferous forest, upper mon­
tane con iferous forest / rocky; elevation
2225-2900 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms Ju ly­
September.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences;
most in designated wilderness areas.
Angeles NF has adopted species manage­
ment guideli nes. See Phytologia 66( 4 ):3 1 3
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Eriogonum microthecum N utt. var.
lapidicola Rev.
"I nyo Mou ntains buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Inyo; Nevada
Pinyon and ju niper woodland, subal pine
coniferous forest / carbonate, rocky;
elevation 2600-3 1 00 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms J u ly­
September.
See Phytologia 66( 4):3 1 3 ( 1 989) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Eriogonum microthecum N utt. var.
panamintense S. Stokes
"Panamint Mou ntains buckwheat"
Polygonaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
I nyo
302A, 348C, 350B, 3500
Pi nyon and j u n i per woodland, subalpine
coniferous forest / rocky; elevation
1 900-3250 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms
June-October.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
See Phytologia 66(4):3 1 3 ( 1 989) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Eriogonum mohavense
Considered but rejected : too common
Eriogonum nervulosum (S.
Sto kes) Rev.
"Snow Mountain buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Colusa, Glenn?, Lake, Napa, Sonoma,
Yolo
5 1 7B, 5 1 9C, 532C, 5320, 533C, 5340,
548A, 548C, 5640, 56SA
Chaparral (serpentin ite); elevation
300-2 1 OS meters.
Perennial herb (rh izomatous), blooms
June-September.
Known from approxi mately twenty
occurrences. U ndocumented in Glenn
Cou nty; need q uads. Threatened by
energy development, m i n i ng, and vehi­
cles. See Phytologia 40:467 ( 1 978) for
revised nomenclature and 66(4):350
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Eriogonum nortonii Greene
"Pin nacles buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
Monterey, San Benito
341 A, 341 B, 343A, 3430, 363C, 3 64B,
3640, 385C, 3860
Chaparral, valley and foothi l l grassland /
sandy, often on recent burns; elevation
300-975 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-June.
Known from approximately twenty occur­
rences. See Phytologia 66( 4 ):376 ( 1 989)
for taxonomic treatment.
1 60 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Eriogonum nudum Benth . var.
decurrens (S. Stokes) Bowerman
" Ben Lomond buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Alameda, Santa Cruz
408D, 428C, 446D
Chaparral, cismontane wood land, lower
montane coniferous forest (maritime
ponderosa pine sand h i l ls) / sandy;
elevation 50-800 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms June-October.
Threatened by development and sand
m i n ing. See Phytologia 66( 4 ):329-333
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Eriogonum nudum Benth . var.
indictum Ueps.) Rev.
"protrud i ng buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Fresno, Kern, Merced, Monterey, San
Benito, San Lu is Obispo
Chaparral, chenopod scrub, cismontane
woodland / clay, serpenti nite; elevation
1 50-800 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-December.
Not always d istinct from var. auriculatum
in Fresno and San Ben ito counties. See
Flora ofCalifornia 1 (4):421 ( 1 9 1 4) by W.L.
Jepson for origi nal description, and Phy­
tologia 66( 4 ):329-332 ( 1 989) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Eriogonum nudum Benth . var.
murinum Rev.
"mouse buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3
Tu lare
332A, 332B, 332D, 354C, 354D
Chaparral, cismontane wood land, valley
and foothi l l grassland / sandy; elevation
365-1 1 30 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J une-November.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences; some degraded by road improve­
ments along General's Highway. Sequoia­
Kings Canyon NP has adopted species
management gu idelines. See Aliso 7(2):
228 ( 1 976) for original description, and
Phytologia 66( 4):329-332 ( 1 989) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Eriogonum nudum Benth. var.
paralinum Rev.
"Del Norte buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Del Norte; Oregon
723B, 723D
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal prarie;
elevation 5-80 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms June-September.
This variety is the coastal expression of E.
nudum. On review l ist in Oregon . See Phy­
tologia 66(3):258 ( 1 989) for original
description and 66( 4):329-33 1 ( 1 989)
for taxonomic treatment.
Eriogonum nudum Benth. var.
regirivum Rev. & J . Stebbins
"Kings River buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Fresno
355A, 376A, 376D, 377D
Cismontane woodland (carbonate,
rocky); elevation 1 50-300 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms August­
November.
Known only from one occurrence in the
Kings River Cyn . ; about 1 000 plants
known as of 1 998. See Phytologia 66(3 ):
246-248 ( 1 989) for original description
and 66( 4 ):329-332 ( 1 989) for taxonomic
treatment.
Eriogonum nudum var.
scap1gerum
Considered but rejected: too common,
and possibly a synonym of var. deductum;
a common taxon
Eriogonum nummulare
Considered but rejected: too common
Eriogonum nutans
See Eriogonum nutans var. nutans
Eriogonum nutans var. glabrum
Considered but rejected : not native and
taxonomic problem; occurs in California
only as a roadside waif from NV, and is
d ubiously disti nct from E. nutans
Eriogonum nutans T. & G var.
nutans
"nodding buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1
Lassen, Mono; Nevada, Oregon, Utah
470A, 602A, 602D, 620A, 620B, 620C,
620D, 6380
Chenopod scrub, Great Basin scrub /
sandy or gravel ly; elevation 1 220-3000
meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-October.
On review list in Oregon. See Proceedings of
the American Academy ofArts and Sciences
8 : 1 8 1 ( 1 870) for original description,
Madrano 2 7(3 ): 1 42 ( 1 980) for first Cali­
fornia occurrence, and Phytologia 66(4):
366 ( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Eriogonum ochrocephalum Wats.
var. alexanderae Rev.
"Alexander's buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Mono; Nevada
470A
Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and juniper
woodland / shale or gravel ly; elevation
1 300-2 1 00 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-Ju ly.
See Great Basin Naturalist 45:276 ( 1 985)
for original description, and Phytologia
66(4 ) : 3 2 1 ( 1 989) for taxonomic
treatment.
Eriogonum ochrocephalum S.
Watson var. ochrocephalum
"ochre-flowered buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Lassen; Nevada, Oregon
Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and j u n iper
wood land / volcanic or clay; elevation
1 200-241 0 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Known i n California only from Long Val­
ley; need quads. Threatened by m i n ing.
See Botany ofCalifornia 2 :480 ( 1 880) for
original description, and Phytologia 66(4):
321 ( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. var.
eximium (Tides . ) J .T. Howell
"brown-margi ned buckwheat"
Polygonaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1-1
Alpine, El Dorado; Nevada
Alpine boulder and rock field, subal pine
coniferous forest / granitic, sandy;
elevation 1 800-3400 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-August.
lntergrades with var. nivale. See Proceed­
ings ofthe Biological Society of Washington
36 : 1 8 1 ( 1 923) for origi nal descriptio n ,
Mentzelia 1 : 1 9 ( 1 9 76) for revised
nomenclature, and Phytologia
66(4):335-336 ( 1 989) for taxonomic
treatment.
Eriogonum ovalifolium N utt. var.
vineum (Small) Jeps.
"Cushen bury buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Federal Endangered
San Bernardino
1 04B, 1 05A, 1 30C, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 0, 1 320
Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean
desert scrub, pinyon and j u n i per wood­
land / carbonate; elevation 1 400-2440
meters.

Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
Threatened by mi ning and vehicles. See
Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 2S:40-53
( 1 898) for original description, Fremontia
1 6(1 ):20-2 1 ( 1 988) for discussion of min­
i ng threats, and Phytologia 66( 4):335-337
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Eriogonum panamintense var.
mensicola
Considered but rejected: a synonym of E.
panamintense; a common taxon
Eriogonum parvifolium var.
lucid um
Considered but rejected: a synonym of E.
parvifolium; a common taxon
Eriogonum parvifolium var. paynei
Considered but rejected : a synonym of E.
parvifolium; a common taxon
Eriogonum pendulum Wats.
"Waldo buckwheat" Polygonaceae
Llst 2 / RED 3-2-1
Del Norte; Oregon
739B, 739C, 740A
Lower montane coniferous forest, upper
montane con iferous forest / serpentinite;
elevation 230-1 000 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms August­
September.
Known in Cal ifornia from approximately
ten occurrences. Threatened by m i n i ng.
On watch l ist in Oregon . See Phytologia
66( 4 ):3 1 4 ( 1 989) for taxonomic
treatment.
Eriogonum polypodum Small
"Tu lare County buckwheat" Polygonaceae
Llst 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Fresno, Tu lare
Subalpine coniferous forest (gran itic,
sandy or gravel ly); elevation 2400-3500
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
See Phytologia 66( 4):354-355 ( 1 989) for
taxonomic treatment.
Eriogonum prattenianum D u rand
var. avium Rev. & Shevock
" Kettle Dome buckwheat" Polygonaceae
Llst 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Fresno, Madera
Lower montane coniferous forest, upper
montane con iferous forest / granitic or
metamorphic; elevation 1 200-2895
meters.
C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Perennial herb, bloomsJune-August.
See Phytologia 66(3): 249-250 ( 1 989) for
original description and 66(4):350
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Eriogonum prociduum Rev.
"prostrate buckwheat" Polygonaceae
Llst 1 B / RED 2-2-2
Lassen, Modoc; Nevada, Oregon
658C, 659A, 675C, 676D, 690B, 690C,
69 1 A, 692A, 692B, 707C, 708C, 708D,
725A, 725D
Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and juniper
woodland, upper montane coniferous
forest / volcanic; elevation 1 300-2705
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
Threatened by trampl ing. On watch l ist i n
Nevada, a n d candidate for state l isting in
Oregon . Protected in part at Ash Val ley
RNA ( BLM ), Lassen County. See Aliso
7(4):41 5-41 9 ( 1 972) for original descrip­
tion, Fremontia 1 6( 1 ) : 1 5- 1 7 ( 1 988) for
brief species account and BLM manage­
ment plans, and Phytologia 66(4):321
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Eriogonum puberulum Wats.
"downy buckwheat" Polygonaceae
Llst 2 / RED 3 - 1 - 1
I nyo; Nevada, and elsewhere
369B, 369C
Pi nyon and juniper woodland (sandy or
gravelly, carbonate); elevation
1 300-2900 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-September.
Known in California from only two occur­
rences in the Cottonwood Mtns. See Phy­
tologia 66( 4 ):383 ( 1 989) for taxonomic
treatment.
Eriogonum pyrolifolium Hook. var.
pyrolifolium
"pyrola-leaved buckwheat" Polygonaceae
Llst 2 / RED 2-1 -1
Lassen, Shasta, Siskiyou; Idaho, Oregon,
Washi ngton , and elsewhere
624B, 626A, 698C, 71 3C, 7 1 3 D
Alpine boulder and rock field (sandy or
gravel ly, pum ice); elevation 1 67S-3200
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-September.
See E. pyrolifolium in The Jepson Manual.
See Phytologia 66( 4):355-356 ( 1 989) for
taxonomic treatment.
Eriogonum rixfordii
Considered b u t rejected: too common
1 61
Eriogonum rosense
Considered but rejected: too common
Eriogonum rupinum
Considered but rejected: a synonym of E.
panamintense; a common taxon
Eriogonum shockleyi Wats. var.
shockleyi
"Shockley's buckwheat" Polygonaceae
Llst 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
I nyo, Mono; Arizona, Idaho, Nevada, and
elsewhere
Pinyon and juniper wood land (gravel ly,
carbonate); elevation 1 700-2700 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-Ju ly.
Threatened in Idaho. See Phytologia
66( 4 ) :323-324 ( 1 989) for taxonomic
treatment.
Eriogonum siskiyouense Small
"Siskiyou buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Siskiyou, Trin ity
Lower montane coniferous forest ( rocky,
often serpentinite); elevation 970-2 740
meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J une-September.
See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
25:44 ( 1 898) for original descri ption,
and Phytologia 66(4):348 ( 1 989) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Eriogonum spergulinum var.
pratense
Considered but rejected: a synonym of E.
spergulinum; a common taxon
Eriogonum strictum Benth . var.
greenei (Gray) Rev.
"Greene's buckwheat" Polygonaceae
Llst 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Colusa, Mendoci no, Siskiyou, Tehama,
Tri nity
Lower montane coniferous forest ( serpen­
tin ite, rocky); elevation 800-2 1 00 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J uly-September.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Arts and Sciences 1 2 :83 ( 1 870) for original
description, and Phytologia 40:467 ( 1 978)
for revised nomenclature and 66( 4 ):337-
338 ( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
1 62 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Eriogonum temblorense J .T.
Howe l l & Twisse l m a n n
"Temblor buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Kern, Monterey, San Lu is Obispo
2 1 7B, 2 1 7D, 243A, 266C, 267B, 269A,
2 9 1 C, 292B, 293B, 3 1 6D
Valley and foothi l l grassland (clay or
sandstone); elevation 300- 1 000 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-September.
Marginally distinct from E. eastwoodianum;
needs study. Threatened by energy devel­
opment. See Leaflets of Western Botany
1 0:45 ( 1 963 ) for original descri ption,
and Phytologia 66(4):375 ( 1 989) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Eriogonum ternatum H owe l l
"ternate buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Del Norte, Siskiyou, Sonoma, Tehama;
Oregon
Lower montane coniferous forest (ser­
pentinite ) ; elevation 305-2225 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms June-August.
See Phytologia 66( 4 ):348-349 ( 1 989) for
taxonomic treatment.
Eriogonum tripodum Greene
"tripod buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Amador, Colusa, El Dorado, Lake, Mari­
posa, Napa, Placer, Tehama, Tuolumne
Chaparral, cismontane woodland / often
serpentin ite; elevation 200-1 600 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms May-July.
Threatened by m i n i ng. See Pittonia 1 :39
( 1 887) for original description, and Phy­
tologia 66(4):350-3 5 1 ( 1 989) for taxo-
nomic treatment.
Eriogonum truncatum T. & G.
" Mt. Diablo buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 1A
Alameda*, Contra Costa* , Solano*
445A* , 445B*, 464A* , 464B*, 464C*,
48 1 D* , 482A*
Chaparral, coastal scrub, valley and
footh ill grassland / sandy; elevation
1 05-600 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-November.
Last seen in 1 940. Recent attempts to
rediscover this plant have been u nsuc­
cessfu l . Much habitat elimi nated by graz­
i ng and urbanization. See Proceedings of
the American Academy ofArts and Sciences
8: 1 73 (1 870) for original descri ption,
and Phytologia 66(4):375-376 ( 1 989) for
taxonomic treatment.
Eriogonum twisselmannii U .T.
H owe l l ) Rev.
"Twissel m a n n 's buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
State Rare
Tulare
308A, 308D
Upper montane coniferous forest
(granitic); elevation 2375-2805 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-September.
Known only from fewer than fifteen occur­
rences in Sequoia NF. Protected in part at
Slate Mtn. BA. See Leaflets ofWestern Botany
1 0( 1 ): 1 3 ( 1 963) for original description,
and Phytologia 66(4):352 ( 1 989) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Eriogonum umbellatum var.
aureum
See Eriogonum umbellatum var. glaberrimum
Eriogonum umbellatum Torrey var.
bahiiforme (Torrey & A. Gray)
J epson
"bay buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Alameda, Contra Costa, Colusa, Glenn,
Humboldt, Lake, Mendocino, Monterey,
Napa, San Benito, Santa Clara, Siskiyou,
San Joaq u i n , Stanislaus
Cismontane woodland, lower montane
coniferous forest / rocky, often serpenti­
n ite; elevation 700-2200 meters.
Peren nial herb, blooms July-September.
See Phytologia 66( 4 ): 341 -346 ( 1 989) for
taxonomic treatment.
Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var.
glaberrimum (Gand . ) Rev.
"green buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-2
Modoc, Siskiyou; Oregon
708A, 71 9D, 724B, 726B
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­
erous forest, u pper montane coniferous
forest / sandy or gravel ly; elevation
1 545-2300 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne-September.
Known in Cal ifornia only from Sniktaw
Creek (Siskiyou County) and northeast­
ern Modoc Cou nty (where it is either rare
or undercol lected ). Endangered in Ore­
gon. See Taxon 1 7:53 1 -532 ( 1 968) for
revised nomenclature, and Phytologia
66(4):341 -347 ( 1 989) for taxonomic
treatment.
Eriogonum umbellatum var.
hausknechtii
Considered but rej ected : not in California
Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var.
humistratum Rev.
" Mt. Eddy buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Siskiyou, Tri n ity
Alpine boulder and rock field, chaparral,
meadows and seeps, subalpine conifer­
ous forest, upper montane coniferous
forest / rocky, usually serpentinite;
elevation 1 700-2800 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-October.
l ntergrades with var. polyanthum. See Phy­
tologia 66(3 ):260 ( 1 989) for original
descri ption and 66(4):341 -345 ( 1 989)
for taxonomic treatment.
Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var.
juniporinum Rev.
"ju n i per buckwheat" Polygonaceae
list 2 / RED 3-1-1
San Bernardino; Nevada
1 76A, 200B, 225D, 249C, 250B
Mojavean desert scrub, pi nyon and
juniper woodland; elevation 1 300-2500
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-October.
Similar to var. subaridum. See Great Basin
Naturalist 45:279 ( 1 985) for original
descri ption, and Phytologia 66(4):341 -347
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var.
minus jtn.
"alpine sulfu r-flowered buckwheat"
Polygonaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Los Angeles, San Bernardino
Subalpine coniferous forest, u pper mon­
tane coniferous forest / gravelly;
elevation 1 800-3000 meters.
Perennial herb, bloomsJune-September.
See Bulletin ofthe California Academy ofSci­
ences 1 7:64 ( 1 9 1 8) for original descrip­
tion, and Phytologia 66(4):341 -344
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Eriogonum umbellatum var.
munz11
Considered but rejected : too common

Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var.
torreyanum (Gray) J on es
"Donner Pass buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Nevada, Placer, Sierra
538B, 539A, 5 55A, 555B, 555D
Meadows and seeps, u pper montane
coniferous forest / volcanic, rocky;
elevation 1 855-2620 meters.
Perennial herb, bloomsJu ly-September.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
Simi lar to var. glaberrimum. Draft i nterim
management guide prepared by USFS i n
1 993. See Fremontia 1 (3 ) : 2 0 ( 1 973) fo r
d iscussion o f rediscovery a t type locality,
and Phytologia 66( 4):341 -347 ( 1 989) for
taxonomic treatment.
Eriogonum vestitum j .T. H owell
t ,
" l d ria buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Fresno, Merced, San Benito
Valley and footh ill grassland; elevation
400-900 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-August.
See Phytologia 66(4):375 ( 1 989) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Eriogonum wrightii Benth . var.
olanchense U .T. H owe l l ) Rev.
"Olancha Peak buckwheat" Polygonaceae
List 1 B I RED 3-1 -3
Tulare
329D
Alpine boulder and rock field, subalpine
coniferous forest (gravelly or rocky);
elevation 3260-3 S35 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-September.
Known from only two occurrences on
Olancha Pk. See Leaflets ofWestern Botany
6 : 1 5 1 ( 1 95 1 ) for original description,
and Phytologia 66( 4):324-326 ( 1 989) for
taxonomic treatment.
Erioneuron pilosum ( Buckl . ) Nash
"hai ry erioneuron" Poaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1
I nyo, San Bernardino; Nevada, and else­
where
226A, 249D, 2 74C, 369C
Pinyon and juniper woodland ( rocky,
sometimes carbonate); elevation
1 500-2000 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-June.
See Americanjournal ofBotany 48:565-573
( 1 96 1 ) for taxonomic treatment.
C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Eriophyllum confertiflorum ( DC.)
Gray var. tanacetiflorum (Greene)
J eps.
"tansy-leaved woolly su nflower" Asteraceae
List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -3
Calaveras, Mariposa
Cismontane woodland, lower montane
coniferous forest; elevation 305-1 340
meters.
Shrub, blooms May-J uly.
See Pittonia 2 : 2 1 ( 1 889) for original
description, and Manual ofthe Flowering
Plants ofCalifornia, p. 1 1 6 ( 1 925) by W.L.
Jepson for revised nomenclature.
Eriophyllum congdonii Bdg.
"Congdon's woolly sunfl ower" Asteraceae
List 1 B I RED 2-2-3
State Rare
Mariposa
437C, 438A, 438B, 438D
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
montane con iferous forest / rocky, meta­
morphic; elevation 500-1 900 meters.
An nual herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Threatened by non-native plants. See
Botanical Gazette 27:449-450 ( 1 899) for
original description.
Eriophyllum jepsonii Greene
"Jepson's wool ly sunfl ower" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Alameda, Contra Costa, Kern, San Ben i­
to, Santa Clara, Stan islaus, Ventura
Chaparral, cismontane woodland,
coastal scrub / sometimes serpentinite;
elevation 200-1 025 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-June.
Eriophyllum lanatum ( Pu rsh)
Forbes var. hallii Const.
"Fort Tejon woolly su nflower" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Kern, Santa Barbara
1 89C, 1 92C, 1 93D
Chaparral, cismontane woodland;
elevation 1 065-1 500 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Known from only three occu rrences.
Threatened by grazing and trampling.
See University ofCalifornia Publications in
Botany 1 8 :94-96 ( 1 937) for revised
nomenclature.
1 63
Eriophyllum lanatum ( Pursh)
Forbes var. obovatum (Greene) Hall
"southern Sierra wool ly su n flower"
Asteraceae
List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -3
Fresno, Kern, San Bernard ino, Tu lare
Lower montane coniferous forest, upper
montane coniferous forest; elevation
1 300-2500 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u n e-J uly.
Simi lar to var. lanceolatum.
Eriophyllum latilobum Ryd b.
"San M ateo woolly su nflower" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
San Mateo
429D * , 448D
Cismontane woodland (serpentinite,
often on roadcuts); elevation 45-1 SO
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Known from only one extant occurrence,
which was red iscovered in 1 981 by K.
Culligan and M. Showers. Threatened by
development, erosion, and road mainte­
nance.
Eriophyllum mohavense Utn . ) Jeps.
" Barstow woolly sunfl ower" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
San Bernard i no
1 8 1 B, 1 82A, 1 83A, 1 83B, 1 84A, 206C,
207B, 208B, 208C, 208D, 209A, 209D,
233C
Chenopod scrub, Mojavean desert scrub,
playas; elevation 500-960 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
Threatened by energy development, road
improvements, vehicles, and grazi ng. Pro­
tected in part at an ACEC ( BLM ).
Eriophyllum nevinii Gray
" Nevi n 's woolly sunfl ower" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
Santa Barbara Island, San Clemente
Island, Santa Catalina Island
SBRA, SCMC, SCMN, SCMS, SCTE
Coastal bl uff scrub, coastal scrub;
elevation 5-41 0 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms April-August.
Feral herbivores removed from San
Clemente Island, and vegetation recover­
ing. Populations also appear to be recov­
ering on Santa Barbara Island .
1 64 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Eriophyllum nubigenum Green e
"Yosem ite woolly su nflower" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
Madera, Mariposa, Tuolumne
43 6B, 437A, 437D, 454C, 456C
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest, upper montane coniferous forest /
gravelly; elevation 1 525-2365 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-August.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. See Madrono 29(2 ) : 1 23 ( 1 982) for
i nformation on rediscovery.
Eriophyllum nubigenum var.
congdonii
See Eriophyllum congdonii
Erodium macrophyllum H . & A.
"round-leaved fi laree" Geran iaceae
List 2 / RED 2-3-1
Alameda, Butte, Contra Costa, Col usa,
Fresno, Glenn, Kings, Kern, Lake, Lassen,
Los Angeles, Merced, Monterey, Napa,
Riverside, Santa Barbara, San Benito,
Santa Cruz Island, San Diego, San
Joaq u i n , San Luis Obispo, San Mateo,
Solano, Sonoma?, Stanislaus.
1 0C, 2 1 A, 67C, 68B, 68D, 69B, 85C,
86C, 1 1 2C, 1 62B, 1 68B, 1 69A, 1 90A,
1 93 D, 262D, 269A, 29 1 B, 339B, 339C,
3 6 1 C, 362C, 363A, 363D, 403B, 424B,
443C, 444B, 445A, 445B, 462C, 463B,
464A, 464B, 465C, 465D, 481 D, 5 1 4C,
532C, 546D, 547D, 577D, 578C
Cismontane woodland, valley and
footh ill grassland / clay; elevation
1 5-1 200 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Most collections h istorical; need i nfor­
mation on current d istribution. Does
plant occur in Sonoma County? Need
q uads for Lassen, Monterey, San Mateo,
Tehama, and Ventura counties. Threat­
ened by urbanization and non-native
plants. See Boisseira 20: 1 -1 54 ( 1 972) for
taxonomic treatment.
Eryngium aristulatum Jeps. var.
hooveri Sheikh
" Hoover's button-celery" Apiaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Alameda, San Benito( * ? ) , Santa
Clara( *?), San Luis Obispo
246C, 247D*, 271 D*, 385B( * ? ), 427B,
428A(*?), 428B(*?)
Vernal pools; elevation 3-45 meters.
Ann ual/perennial herb, bloomsJu ly.
Almost all collections old; need informa­
tion on extant occurrences. Is it extant i n
Santa Clara County? Alameda county.
occurrence ( 427B) needs confirmation .
Many historical occurrences extirpated by
agricu lture, urbanization, and overgraz­
ing. See Madrano 30(2):93- 1 0 1 ( 1 983)
for original description .
Eryngium aristulatum Jeps. var.
parishii (Coult. & Rose) Math . &
Const.
"San Diego button-celery" Apiaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-3-2
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Riverside, San Diego; Baja California
7A, 1 0C, 1 1 A, 1 1 D, 22A, 22B, 2 2C, 22D,
35B, 36A, 36B, 36D, 5 1 C, 68C, 69D
Coastal scrub, valley and foothi l l grass­
land , vernal pools / mesic; elevation
20-620 meters.
Annual/perennial herb, blooms
April-J u ne.
Threatened by agriculture, urbanization,
road maintenance, grazing, vehicles, and
foot traffic. See Contributions from the U.S.
National Herbarium 7:57 ( 1 900) for origi­
nal description, and American Midland
Naturalist 25(2):361 -387 ( 1 941 ) for
revised nomenclature.
Eryngium constancei Sheikh
"Loch Lomond button-celery" Apiaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Lake, Sonoma
51 7D, 533B, 533C
Vernal pools; elevation 460-855 meters.
Annual/perennial herb, blooms
April-J u ne.
Known only from three occurrences.
Threatened by development. Occurrence
protected at Loch Lomond ER ( DFG),
but entire watershed not protected; pre­
viously damaged by dredging of vernal
lake. See Madrano 30( 2 ) : 93- 1 0 1 ( 1 983)
for original description.
Eryngium mathiasiae
Considered but rejected: too common
Eryngium pendletonensis K. L.
Marsden & M . G . Sim pson
" Pend leton button-celery" Apiaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
San Diego
36B, 51 C, 52A, 52D
Coastal bl uff scrub, valley and foothill
grassland, vernal pools / clay vernally
,
mesic; elevation 1 5- 1 1 0 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Threatened by m i l itary activities, hydro­
logical alteration, and non-native plants.
Not in TheJepson Manual. See Madrono
46( 1 ) : 6 1 ( 1 999) for original description.
Eryngium pinnatisectum J eps.
"Tuolumne button-celery" Apiaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Amador, Calaveras, Sacramento,
Tuol u m ne
458B, 458C, 458D, 459A, 459B, 475C,
476C, 477D, 493B, 494C, 495A, 51 1 D
Cismontane woodland , lower montane
coniferous forest, vernal pools / mesic;
elevation 70-9 1 5 meters.
Annual/perennial herb, blooms
June-August.
Threatened by agriculture. See Madrano
1 : 1 05 ( 1 923) for original descri ption.
Eryngium racemosum J eps.
" Delta button-celery" Apiaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
State Endangered
Merced, San Joaq u i n * , Stanislaus
402A, 402B, 402D, 403A, 423A, 423C,
423D, 424A*, 441 D, 443 B*, 443C*,
444A* , 461A*, 462D*
Riparian scrub (vernally mesic clay
depressions); elevation 3-30 meters.
Annual/perennial herb, blooms
June-August.
Threatened by agriculture and flood con­
trol activities. See Flora ofCalifornia 2 ( 1 ):
659 ( 1 936) by W.L. Jepson for original
description.
Eryngium spinosepalum Math .
"spiny-sepaled button-celery" Apiaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Fresno, Madera, Stan islaus, Tu lare,
Tuolumne
309A* , 332B, 333A, 333B, 333D, 355B,
356A, 356D, 377B, 378D*, 398C, 399D,
440B, 459A
Valley and foothill grassland, vernal
pools; elevation 1 00-255 meters.
Annual/perennial herb, blooms
April-May.
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 1 65

Known from approximately twenty
occurrences. Threatened by develop­
ment, grazing, and agricu lture. Appar­
ently i ntergrades with E. castrense, and
possibly E. vaseyi.
Erysimum ammophilum Heller
"coast wallflower" Brassicaceae
list 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Monterey, Santa Cruz, San Mateo, Santa
Rosa Island
3 66A, 3 66 D, 387A, 387D, 409D
Chaparral ( m aritime), coastal dunes,
coastal scrub / sandy, openi ngs;
elevation 0-60 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms February-J u ne.
Need quads for Santa Rosa Island . Occur­
Erysimum franciscanum G . Rossb.
"San Francisco wal l flower" Brassicaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Mari n , Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, San
Francisco, San Mateo, Sonoma
Chaparral, coastal du nes, coastal scrub,
valley and foothill grassland / often ser­
pentin ite or granitic; elevation 0-520
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-J u ne.
Rare and declin ing in Santa Cruz County.
I ncl udes E. franciscanum var. crassifolium.
I nland plants approach E. capitatum. See
Aliso 4( 1 ) : 1 1 8- 1 2 1 ( 1 958) for original
descri ption.
Erysimum franciscanum var.
Erysimum menziesii ( H ook. ) Wettst
ssp. eurekense R. Price
" H u m bo ldt Bay wallflower" Brassicaceae
list 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
H u m boldt
654B, 655A, 672B, 672C
Coastal d u nes; elevation 0-1 0 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-April.
Known only from five occurrences i n the
Hu mboldt Bay area. Threatened by devel­
opment, vehicles, and non-native plants.
Included in state-listed Endangered E.
menziesii. Protected in part at Manila
Dunes ACEC (BLM) .

rences from San Diego County previously crassifolium

incl uded in this species are E. capitatum ssp.
capitatum. Threatened by development.
Erysimum capitatum ( Douglas)
Greene ssp. angustatum (Greene) R.
Price
"Contra Costa wal lflower" Brassicaceae
list 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Contra Costa
48 1 0
I n land du nes; elevation 3-20 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-J u ly.
Known from only three occurrences at
the Antioch Du nes. Seriously th reatened
by min ing, agricultural conversion, non­
native plants, and industrial develop­
ment. Recovery work in progress. State
and federally l isted as E. capitatum var.
angustatum. See Pittonia 3 : 1 32 ( 1 896) for
original descri ption, and Biological Conser­
vation 65:257-278 ( 1 993) for population
biology.
Erysimum capitatum ( Douglas)
, Greene ssp. lompocense ( Rossbach)
R. Price
"San Luis Obispo wal l flower" Brassicaceae
Erysimum menziesii ( Hook. ) Wettst
See Erysimum franciscanum
ssp. menziesii
"Menzies's wal lflower" Brassicaceae
Erysimum insulare Greene ssp.
insulare list 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
" island wal l flower" Brassicaceae Endangered
list 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
Mendoci no, Monterey
Anacapa Island , Santa Cruz Island * , San
366C, 553A, 569A, 585D
Miguel Island, Santa Rosa Island
Coastal d unes; elevation 0-35 meters.
ANAC, SCZB* , S M I E, SM IW, SRON
Perennial herb, blooms March-June.
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal du nes;
elevation 0-300 meters. Known from only ten occurrences. Nearly
extirpated on the Monterey Pen insula.
Perennial herb, blooms March-J uly.
Seriously threatened by development,
Last seen on Santa Cruz Island in 1 966. vehicles, and non-native plants.
Erysimum insulare Greene ssp.
Erysimum menziesii ( Hook.) Wettst
suffrutescens (Abrams) R. Price ssp. yadonii R. Price
"suffrutescent wallflower" Brassicaceae "Yadon's wal l flower" Brassicaceae
list 4 I RED 1 -2-3 list 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, San Luis State Endangered/Federal
Obispo, Ventura Endangered
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal d u nes, Monterey
coastal scrub; elevation 0-1 50 meters.
366A
Perenn ial herb, blooms Jan uary-J u ly.
Coastal d unes; elevation 0-1 0 meters.
Threatened by coastal development, vehi­
Perennial herb, blooms May-September.
cles, and non-native plants. I ncl udes E.
suffrutescens var. grandifolium. Hybridizes
locally with E. capitatum.
Known only from six occu rrences near
Mari na on Monterey Bay. Threatened by
development and sand mi ning. I ncluded

!
in state-l isted Endangered E. menziesii.
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3 Erysimum menziesii
Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo Considered but rejected: see Erysimum
Chaparral, coastal scrub / sandy; menziesii sspp. eurekense, menziesii, and Erysimum suffrutescens var.
elevation 60-500 meters. yadonii grandifolium
See Erysimum insulare ssp. suffrutescens

I
Perenn ial herb, blooms February-May.
lntergrades locally with ssp. capitatum and
E. insulare ssp. suffrutescens.
See Erysimum menziesii sspp
Erysimum suffrutescens var.
lompocense
See Erysimum capitatum ssp. lompocense
1 66 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E, A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Erysimum suffrutescens var.
suffrutescens
See Erysimum insulare ssp. suffrutescens
Erysimum teretifolium Eastw.
"Santa Cruz wallflower" Brassicaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Santa Cruz
407C, 408C, 408D
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest / in land marine sands; elevation
1 20-6 1 0 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-J u ly.
Seriously threatened by development,
sand mining, and vandal ism . See Leaflets
of Western Botany 2( 5 ) : 73 ( 1 938) for origi­
nal descri ption.
Erythronium citrinum Wats. var.
citrinum
"lemon-colored fawn l i ly"
List 4 / RED 1 -1 - 1
Del Norte, Humboldt, Siskiyou, Tri n ity;
Oregon
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest / usually serpentin ite; elevation
1 50-1 1 30 meters.
Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
March-Apri l .
See E. citrinum i n TheJepson Manual.
Erythronium citrinum Wats. var.
roderickii Shevock & Allen
"Scott Mountains fawn li ly"
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
Tri nity
666B, 667A, 683B, 683D
Lower montane con iferous forest (ser­
pentinite); elevation 900- 1 340 meters.
Perennial herb (bul biferous), blooms
April-J u ne.
Not i n TheJepson Manual. See Phytologia
7 1 (2): 1 0 1 -1 03 ( 1 991 ) for original
descri ption.
Erythronium cliftonii
Considered but rejected: not publ ished
Erythronium grandiflorum ssp.
pusaterii
See Erythronium pusaterii
Erythronium helenae Appleg.
"St. Helena fawn lily" Li liaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Lake, Napa, Sonoma
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
montane coniferous forest, valley and
foothil l grassland / volcanic or serpenti­
nite; elevation 350-1 220 meters.
Perenn ial herb (bul biferous), blooms
March-May.
Threatened by horticu ltural collecting,
road construction, and geothermal devel­
opment. See Contributions from the Dudley
Herbarium 1 : 1 88 ( 1 933) for original
description, and Madrano 3(2 ) : 1 09
( 1 935) for taxonomic treatment.
Erythronium hendersonii Wats.
" H enderson's fawn l i ly" Li l i aceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon
68SB, 7 1 8C, 734A, 736C, 736D, 740D
Lower montane coniferous forest;
Liliaceae elevation 300-1 600 meters.
Perennial herb (bul biferous), blooms
April-J uly.
Forms hybrid swarms with E. citrinum in
Oregon . See Proceedings ofthe American
Academy ofArts and Sciences 22:479 ( 1 887)
for original description, and Madrano
3(2):91 ( 1 935) for taxonomic treatment.
Erythronium howellii Wats.
" H owell's fawn l i ly" Li l iaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1-2
Del Norte, H u m boldt; Oregon
Li l iaceae 670C, 738A, 738B, 739A, 739B, 739C,
740B, 740D
Lower montane coniferous forest, North
Coast coniferous forest / sometimes ser­
penti n ite; elevation 200-1 1 45 meters.
Perennial herb (bul biferous), blooms
April-May.
Endangered in Oregon. See E. citrinum in
TheJepson Manual. See Proceedings ofthe
American Academy ofArts and Sciences
22 :480 ( 1 887) for original description,
and Madrano 3(2 ):89 ( 1 93 5 ) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Erythronium klamathense Appleg.
" Klamath fawn l i ly" Liliaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -1
Shasta, Siskiyou; Oregon
Meadows and seeps, upper montane
coniferous forest; elevation 1 200-1 850
meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
April-J uly.
See Contributions from the Dudley Herbarium
1 : 1 5 1 ( 1 93 0 ) for original descri ption,
and Madrano 3(2) :64 ( 1 935) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Erythronium oregonum
Considered but rejected : not i n Cal ifornia
Erythronium pluriflorum Shevock,
Bartel & G. Allen
"Sh uteye Peak fawn l i ly" Li l iaceae
List 18 / RED 2-1 -3
Madera
41 7B, 41 7C, 41 7D
Meadows and seeps, subalpine conifer­
ous forest, u pper montane coniferous
forest / granitic, rocky; elevation
2300-2550 meters.
Perenn ial herb (bul biferous), blooms
May-J u ly.
Known only from Chiqu ito Ridge and
Shuteye Pk. in the San Joaqu i n River
watershed; occurrences h ighly localized.
See Madrano 37( 4):261 -273 ( 1 990) for
origi nal descri ption.
Erythronium pusaterii ( M u nz &j .T.
Howe l l ) Shevock, Bartel & G . Allen
" Kaweah fawn l i ly" Li liaceae
List 1 8 I RED 3-1-3
Tulare
308A, 308D, 331 C
Meadows and seeps, subalpine conifer­
ous forest / granitic or metamorphic;
elevation 2 1 00-2775 meters.
Perennial herb (bul biferous), blooms
May-J uly.
Known from fewer than five occurrences.
Protected in part at Slate Mtn. Baja
California (USFS). See Leaflets of Western
Botany 1 0(7): 1 04-1 05 ( 1 964) for original
description, and Madrano 37( 4 ):261 -273
( 1 990) for revised nomenclature.
Erythronium revolutum S m .
"coast fawn l i ly" Li liaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Del Norte, Humboldt, Mendocino, Siski­
you, Sonoma; Oregon, Washington, and
elsewhere
503A, 551 C, 552A, 568D, 600B, 600C,
601 A, 61 6C, 63SA, 653B, 653C, 671 A,
671 D, 672C, 688A, 688D, 699B, 739C
Bogs and fens, broadleaved u pland for­
est, North Coast coniferous forest /
mesic, stream banks; elevation 0-1 065
meters.
Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
March-June.

On watch l ist i n Oregon , and state­
l isted as Sensitive in Washi ngton . See
Madrano 3 ( 2 ):93-99 ( 1 93 5 ) for taxo­
n omic treatment.
Erythronium taylorii Shevock &
Allen
" Pi lot Ridge fawn lily" Li l iaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Tuolumne
456C
Lower montane coniferous forest (meta­
morphic, rocky); elevation 1 340-1 400
meters.
Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
April-May.
Known only from the type locality near
Pilot Ridge. Not in TheJepson Manual. See
Madrano 4( 4):360 ( 1 997) for original
description.
Erythronium tuolumnense Appleg.
"Tuolumne fawn l i ly" Li liaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Tuolumne
457B, 458A, 474B, 474C, 475C, 475D
Broadleaved u pland forest, chaparral,
cismontane woodland, lower montane
coniferous forest; elevation 5 1 0-1 220
meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
March-June.
Threatened by logging, vehicles, horticul­
tural collecting, and reforestation with
herbicides. See Contributions from the Dud­
ley Herbarium 1 : 1 53 ( 1 930) for original
description, and Madrano 3 ( 2 ) : 68 ( 1 93 5 )
for taxonomic treatment.
Eschscholzia covillei
Considered but rejected : too common; a
synonym of E. minutiflora ssp. covillei
Eschscholzia hypecoides Ben th .
"San Benito poppy" Papaveraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Fresno, I m perial, Mendoci no, Monterey,
San Benito, San Lu is Obispo
Chaparral , cismontane woodland, valley
and foothi l l grassland / serpentinite clay;
elevation 360-1 500 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-June.
Eschscholzia lemmonii Greene ssp.
kernensis ( M u nz) C. Clark
"Tejon poppy" Papaveraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Kern
C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
1 89B, 2 1 3C, 2 1 4A, 2 1 4D, 2 1 6B, 2 1 6C,
2 1 7A, 2 1 7B, 238C, 241 C, 241 D, 242C,
242D, 262D
Chenopod scrub, valley and foothi l l
grassland; elevation 1 60-1 000 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Probably threatened by grazing and non­
native plants. See Aliso 4: 90 ( 1 9 58) for
origi nal description, and Madrano 33(3 ) :
224 ( 1 986) for revised nomenclature.
Eschscholzia lemmonii ssp.
lemmonii
Considered but rejected: too common
Eschscholzia lobbii
Considered but rejected: too common
Eschscholzia minutiflora ssp.
minutiflora
Considered but rejected: too common
Eschscholzia minutiflora Wats. ssp.
twisselmannii C. Clark & Fau l l
" Red Rock poppy" Papaveraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Kern
234A, 234C, 235A, 235B, 235C, 236D
Mojavean desert scrub (volcanic tuff);
elevation 680-1 230 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Known only from the Rand and El Paso
mountains. Threatened by veh icles. See
E. minutiflora in TheJepson Manual. See
Madrano 38( 2 ) : 73-79 ( 1 99 1 ) for origi nal
descri ption .
Eschscholzia procera Greene
" Kernvi lle poppy" Papaveraceae
List 3 / RED ?-?-3
Kern
2 1 2B, 238A, 260B, 284C
Cismontane woodland (sandy flood­
plain); elevation 8 1 0-1 025 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms June-August.
Move to List 1 B? Needs taxonomic clari­
fication. Th reatened by urban ization. See
E. californica in TheJepson Manual.
1 67
Eschscholzia ramosa (Greene)
Greene
"island poppy" Papaveraceae
List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -2
Santa Barbara Islan d , San Clemente
Islan d , Santa Catal i na I sland, Santa
Cruz Island, San M iguel Island ?, San
Nicolas Island, Santa Rosa Islan d ;
Guadalupe Island ( M exico)
Coastal bluff scrub, chaparral, coastal
scrub; elevation 0-380 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Does plant occur on San Miguel Island?
See Bulletin ofthe California Academy ofSci­
ences 1 ( 4): 1 82 ( 1 885) for original descrip­
tion, and Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
1 3 : 2 1 7 ( 1 886) for revised nomenclature.
Eschscholzia rhombipetala Greene
"diamond-petaled Cal iforn ia poppy"
Papaveraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Alameda, Contra Costa*, Colusa*, San
Luis Obispo, Stanislaus*
243 B * , 243C, 244C?* , 424B*, 443C*,
445A, 463C*, 464A* , 48 1 D* , 563D*
Valley and footh i l l grassland (alkaline,
clay); elevation 0-975 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-Apri l .
Rediscovered o n Carrizo Plain by David
Keil in 1 992; not seen in 1 995 su rveys.
Also found in at Lawrence Livermore Lab­
oratory, Alameda County in 1 997. H istor­
ical occurrence for San Joaquin County
from literature lacks documentation;
occurrence from La Panza, San Luis Obis­
po County (244C) probably misidentified
E. lemmonii ssp. lemmonii. Threatened by
agriculture and grazi ng.
Escobaria vivipara var. alversonii
See Coryphantha alversonii
Escobaria vivipara var. rosea
See Coryphantha vivipara var. rosea
Eucnide rupestris ( Bail I . ) Thom ps.
& Ernst
"rock nettle" Loasaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Imperial, San Diego; Arizona, Baja Cali­
fornia, Sonora (Mexico)
5B, 6B, 7A, 1 7C, 1 8C, 1 8D
Sonoran desert scrub; elevation 500-600
meters.
Annual herb, blooms December-Apri l .
1 68 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Eupatorium shastense Shrub (deciduous), blooms June-August. Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
See Ageratina shastensis J u ly-September.

Ferocactus acanthodes var. Need historical quads for Kern County.

acanthodes
Euphorbia arizonica
See Chamaesyce arizonica Considered but rejected: too common; a
synonym of F cylindraceus var. cylindraceus
Euphorbia exstipulata Engel m . var.
exstipulata Ferocactus viridescens (T. & G . )
Britt. & Rose
" Clark Mou ntain spu rge" Euphorbiaceae
List 2 / RED 3-3-1 "San Diego barrel cactus" Cactaceae
San Bernard ino; Arizona, and elsewhere List 2 / RED 1 -3-1
San Diego; Baja California
249D
1 0B, 1 0C, 1 1 A, 1 1 B, 1 1 D, 2 1 B, 2 1 C,
Mojavean desert scrub (rocky); elevation
22A, 22B, 22C, 22D, 35C, 35D
1 800-2000 meters.
Chaparral, coastal scrub, valley and
Annual herb, blooms September.
foothill grassland, vernal pools; elevation
Known in Cal ifornia only from Clark
3-450 meters.
Mtn. Threatened by mining.
Shrub (stem succu lent), blooms
May-J u n e.
Euphorbia hooveri Seriously threatened by u rbanization,
See Chamaesyce hooveri vehicles, horticultural collecting, agricul­
ture, and non-native plants.
Euphorbia misera Benth.
"cl iff spurge" Euphorbiaceae Festuca arizonica
List 2 / RED 2-2-1 Considered but rejected: not document­
ed in California
Orange, Riverside, San Clemente Island,
Santa Catalina Island, San Diego; Baja
California, Guadalupe Island (Mexico) Festuca californica var. parishii
1 1 B, 1 1 D, 22B, 36A* , 52B, 70C, 71 D, Considered but rejected : too common,
83A, 83B, SCMC, SCMS, SCTN and possibly a synonym of F californica; a
Coastal bl uff scrub, coastal scrub / common taxon
rocky; elevation 1 0-500 meters.
Shrub, blooms December-August. Festuca minutiflora Ryd b.
Threatened by development. "small-flowered fescue" Poaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Euphorbia ocellata var. rattanii Mono, Tuolumne; and elsewhere
See Chamaesyce ocellata ssp. rattanii 453B, 453C, 454A, 488A
Alpine boulder and rock field; elevation
Euphorbia parishii 3200-4050 meters.
Considered but rejected: a synonym of Peren nial herb, bloom s J u ly.
Chamaesyce parishii; a com mon taxon Can be confused with F brachyphylla. See
Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 32(1 1 ):
Euphorbia pediculifera 608 ( 1 905) for original description.
Considered but rejected : a synonym of
Chamaesyce pediculifera; a common taxon Fimbristylis spadicea
See Fimbristylis thermalis
Euphorbia platyspermum
See Chamaesyce platysperma Fimbristylis thermalis Wars.
"hot springs fi m bristylis" Cyperaceae
Fendlerella utahensis (Wars. ) Hel ler List 2 / RED 2-2-1
"yerba desierto" Philadelp haceae I nyo, Kern * , Mono, San Bernardi no; Ari­
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1 zona, Nevada
I nyo, San Bernardino; Arizona, Nevada, 1 07A, 324A, 346B, 41 3B, 41 3C, 4 1 3 D,
and elsewhere 432C
Lower montane coniferous forest, Meadows and seeps (alkal ine, near hot
Mojavean desert scrub, pi nyon and springs); elevation 1 20- 1 340 meters.
j u n i per woodland / carbonate; elevation
1 300-2800 meters.
See lntermountain Flora 6:88 ( 1 977) for
revised nomenclature.
Fissidens aphelotaxifolius Purs.
Fissidentaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Madera, Siskiyou; Washi ngton, and else­
where
41 7C, 70 1 C
Lower montane coniferous forest, upper
montane coniferous forest / rock, stream
channels, waterfal ls; elevation 2000-2200
meters.
Moss.
See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
1 03:35-38 ( 1 976) for original description.
Fissidens pauperculus H owe
Fissidentaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Humboldt, Monterey, Mari n , Santa Cruz
467A, 672D, 706A
North Coast coniferous forest (damp
coastal soi l ) ; elevation 1 0-1 00 meters.
Moss.
Need quads for Monterey and Santa
Cruz counties. See Erythea 2 : 9 7- 1 01
( 1 894) for original description.
Forsellesia pungens var. glabra
See Glossopetalon pungens
Forsellesia stipulifera
Considered but rejected: a synonym of
Glossopetalon spinescens; a common taxon
Frankenia palmeri Wars.
" Pal mer's frankenia" Frankeniaceae
List 2 / RED 3-3-1
San Diego; Baja Californ ia, Sonora
( Mexico)
1 1 A, 1 1 B, 1 1 D, 22C
Coastal dunes, marshes and swamps
(coastal salt), playas; elevation 0-1 0
meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Seriously th reatened by development.
Frasera neglecta
See Swertia neglecta
Frasera puberulenta
Considered but rejected: too common; a
synonym of Swertia puberulenta

Frasera tubulosa
Considered but rejected: too common; a
synonym of Swertia tubulosa
Frasera umpquaensis
See Swertia umpquaensis
Fra.xinus trifoliata
Considered but rejected: taxonomic
problem
Fremontodendron californicum
ssp. napensis
Considered but rejected: a synonym of F
californicum; a common taxon
Fremontodendron californicum
ssp. obispoense
Considered but rejected : a synonym of F
californicum; a common taxon
Fremontodendron decumbens R.
Lloyd
" Pi n e H i l l flannelbush" Stercu I iaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
State Rare/Federal Endangered
El Dorado, Nevada
5 1 0B, 5 1 1 A, 542A
Chaparral, cismontane woodland /
gabbroic or serpentinite, rocky; elevation
425-760 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms Apri l-J u ly.
Known from fewer than ten occu rrences
in the Pine Hill area (El Dorado County),
and one near Grass Val ley (Nevada Coun­
ty). Threatened by development and alter­
ation of fire regi mes. Protected in part by
Pine H i l l ER ( DFG). See F californicum ssp.
decumbens in TheJepson Manual; USFWS
uses this name also. See Brittonia 1 7:382
( 1 965) for original descri ption, Fremontia
1 3( 1 ):3-6 ( 1 985) for species account, Sys­
tematic Botany 1 6( 1 ):3-20 ( 1 991 ) for
revised nomenclature and taxonomic
treatment, and Madrano 41 ( 4):277-289
( 1 994) for pol li nation biology.
Fremontodendron mexicanum A.
Davids.
"Mexican flannelbush" Sterculiaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2
State Rare/Federal Endangered
San Diego; Baja California
l OA, l O B*, l OC, l OD, l l B* , 1 9B
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
cismontane woodland / gabbroic,
metavolcanic, or serpentin ite; elevation
1 0-490 meters.
C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Shrub (evergreen) , blooms March-June.
Known from fewer than fifteen occur­
rences, though only observed at two loca­
tions in recent years; fewer than 1 00
plants are estimated to remain as of l 993.
Specimens from Kern, Los Angeles, Mon­
terey, and Orange counties probably erro­
neous. Threatened by urbanization. See
Bulletin ofthe Southern California Academy of
Sciences 1 6:50 ( 1 9 1 7) for original descrip­
tion, and Systematic Botany 1 6( 1 ):3-20
(1 991 ) for taxonomic treatment.
Fritillaria affinis var. tristulis
Considered but rejected: not yet pub-
1 ished; see F lanceolata var. tristulis
See Fritillaria /anceo/ata var. tristulus
Fritillaria agrestis Greene
"stin kbells" Lil i aceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Alameda, Contra Costa, Fresno, Kern,
Mendoci no, Monterey, Mariposa, Placer,
Sacramento, Santa Barbara, San Benito,
Santa Cruz*, San Lu is Obispo, San
Mateo*, Stanislaus, Tuolumne, Ventura
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, piny­
on and j u n i per woodland, valley and
footh i l l grassland / clay, sometimes ser­
penti n ite; elevation 1 0-1 555 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
March-J u ne.
Threatened by development.
Fritillaria biflora var. biflora
Considered but rejected: too common
Fritillaria biflora Li nd i . var. ineziana
Jeps.
" H i llsborough chocolate l i ly" Lil i aceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
San Mateo
448D
Cismontane woodland, valley and
footh i l l grassland / serpentin ite; elevation
1 50 meters.
Perennial h erb (bulbiferous), blooms
March-Apri l .
Known only from the Hillsborough area.
See Flora ofCalifornia 1 (6):306-307
( 1 922) by W.L. Jepson for original
description.
Fritillaria brandegei Eastw.
"Greenhorn fritillary" Li liaceae
List 18 / RED 2-1 -3
Kern, Tulare
1 69
2 1 2C, 2 6 1 A, 261 B, 261 C, 261 D, 285A,
285B, 285C, 285D, 307B, 308A, 308B,
308C, 308D
Lower montane coniferous forest
(granitic); elevation 1 500-2 1 00 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
April-June.
See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
30:484 ( 1 903) for original descri ption.
Fritillaria eastwoodiae MacFarlane
" Butte County friti llary" Li l iaceae
List 3 / RED ?-2-3
Butte, Nevada, Placer, Shasta, Tehama,
Yuba
S41 D, S S7C, 557D, 558B, 558C, 558D,
559A, 5 74B, 574C, 575A, 575B, 5 75D,
576A, 5 76B, 577A, 591 B, 5 9 1 C, 5 9 1 D,
592A, 592B, 592C, 592D, 626B, 627A,
627B, 644C, 645A, 645 B, 645C, 645D
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
montane coniferous forest (openings) /
sometimes serpenti n ite; elevation
50-1 500 meters.
Perennial herb (bul biferous), blooms
March-May.
Move to List 1 B? Plants from Shasta
and Tehama Cou nty may be different
taxon ; needs study. Threatened on pri­
vate lands by logging and development.
See Leaflets of Western Botany 1 : 5 5 ( 1 9 33)
for origi nal description as F phaeanthera,
and Madrano 25( 2) : 93-1 00 ( 1 978) for
revised nomenclature.
Fritillaria falcata (J eps.) D. E. Beetle
"tal u s friti llary" Li liaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Alameda, Monterey, San Benito, Santa
Clara, Stanislaus
339B, 339C, 343C, 425B, 426A, 445D
Chaparral, cismontane woodland , lower
montane coniferous forest / serpentinite,
often tal us; elevation 300-1 525 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
March-May.
Threatened by vehicles. See Flora ofCalifor­
nia 1 (6):309 ( 1 922) by W. L. Jepson for
original description, and Madrano 7(5):
1 33-1 59 ( 1 944) for revised nomenclature.
Fritillaria glauca
Considered but rejected: too common
Fritillaria grayana
See Fritillaria roderickii
1 70 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Fritillaria lanceolata Pursh. var.
tristulis Grant
" Mari n checker l i ly" Li l iaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Mari n
467A, 467B, 484C, 485B, 485C, 485D
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal prarie,
coastal scru b; elevation 1 5-1 SO meters.
Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
February-April .
Known from approximately ten occur­
rences. Some occurrences threatened by
grazing, and all by small size. Plants seem
not to set seed, but to reproduce by off­
sets. See F affinis var. tristulis in TheJepson
Manual. See Flora ofCalifornia 1 :( 6)308
( 1 922) by W.L. Jepson for original
descri ption.
Fritillaria liliacea Li n d i .
"fragrant friti l lary" Li liaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Alameda, Contra Costa, Monterey,
Mari n , San Benito, Santa Clara, San
Francisco, San Mateo, Solano, Sonoma
366C* , 386B, 406B, 407A, 407B, 427D,
429A, 429C, 447A, 448C, 448D, 464B,
465C, 466A* , 481 D, 484A, 484C, 484D,
485A, 485B, 485C, 485D, 498D, 501 A,
50 1 B, 501 C*, 502B, 502D*
Cismontane woodland, coastal prarie,
coastal scrub, valley and footh i l l grass­
land / often serpentinite; elevation 3-41 0
meters.
Perennial herb (bul biferous), blooms
February-April .
Threatened by grazi ng, agricu lture,
u rbanization, and non-native plants.
Quite variable.
Fritillaria ojaiensis A. Davids.
"Ojai friti l lary" Li l i aceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo?, Ventura
1 40A, 1 40B, 1 41 A, 1 66D, 1 67C, 1 68C,
1 68D
Broadleaved u pland forest (mesic), chap­
arral, lower montane coniferous forest /
rocky; elevation 300-670 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
March-May.
Known from approximately five occur­
rences. Does plant occur in San Lu is Obis­
po Cou nty? Closely related to F affinis.
Fritillaria phaeanthera
See Fritillaria eastwoodiae
Fritillaria pinetorum A. D avi d s .
" p i ne fritillary" Liliaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Alpine?, Fresno, Kern, Los Angeles,
Mono, San Bernardi no, Tu lare, Ventura
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest, pi nyon and jun iper woodland,
subalpine coniferous forest, upper mon­
tane coniferous forest / gran itic or meta­
morphic; elevation 1 800-3300 meters.
Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
May-Ju ly.
Does plant occur in Alpine County? Can
be confused with F atropurpurea. See
Muhlenbergia 4:67 ( 1 908) for original
description.
Fritillaria pluriflora Benth.
"adobe-li ly" Li l i aceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Butte, Colusa, Glenn, Lake, Napa,
Solano, Tehama, Yolo
497C, 498A* , 498C*, 5 1 5D, 5 1 6A,
531 B, 532A, 532B, 532C, 532D, 547B,
547C, 547D, 563B, 563C, 563D, 564A,
564D, 576A, 576C*, 5 77A* , 579A,
580A, 580D, 593B, 593C* , 593D, 594A,
595D, 596C, 596D, 61 0B, 6 1 2 D
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, valley
and footh ill grassland / often adobe;
elevation 60-705 meters.
Peren nial herb (bul biferous), blooms
February-Apri l .
Threatened b y grazi ng, vehicles, develop­
ment, mining, and horticultural collecting.
Fritillaria purdyi Eastw.
"Purdy's fritil lary" Li liaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3
Colusa, Glenn, Hu mboldt, Lake, Mendo­
cino, Napa, Tehama, Tri nity, Yolo; Oregon
Chaparral, cismontane wood land, lower
montane con iferous forest / serpentinite;
elevation 400-2255 meters.
Perennial herb (bul biferous), blooms
March-June.
Endangered i n Oregon.
Fritillaria roderickii Kn ight
" Roderick's fritillary" Liliaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered
Mendocino
537B*, 537C, 5 5 1 C, 5 5 1 D, 567D, 569A
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal prarie, valley
and footh ill grassland; elevation 1 5- 1 20
meters.
Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
March-May.
Known from fewer than ten occu rrences.
Plants i ntroduced in Mendocino (5370)
and Sonoma counties. Threatened by
road mai ntenance, residential develop­
ment, and erosion. Taxonomic val idity
has been questioned; fu rther study need­
ed . A synonym of F bif/ora var. bif/ora i n
TheJepson Manual. USFWS uses t h e name
F grayana. See Four Seasons 2(2): 1 4-1 6
( 1 967) for original descri ption.
Fritillaria striata Eastw.
"striped adobe-li ly" Li l iaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Threatened
Kern, Tulare
2 1 3C, 239A, 261 C, 262B, 262D, 309B*,
309C, 3 1 0A*, 3 1 0D
Cismontane woodland, valley and
footh ill grassland / usually clay; elevation
1 35-1 455 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
February-Apri l .
Threatened b y agricu lture, urbanization,
grazing, and non-native plants. See Pro­
ceedings ofthe California Academy ofSciences
IV 20: 1 36 ( 1 93 1 ) for original description.
Fritillaria viridea Kel l .
"San Ben ito friti l lary" Li liaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Monterey, San Benito, San Luis Obispo
246C, 339B, 339C, 339D
Chaparral (serpentin ite); elevation
200-1 525 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
March-May.
Needs study; plants from Monterey
County may be F ojaiensis. Threatened by
vehicles and expansion of m i n i ng. See
Proceedings ofthe California Academy ofSci­
ences 2:9 ( 1 863) for original description.
Galium ambiguum var. ambiguum
Considered but rejected : too common
Galium ambiguum var.
siskiyouense
Considered but rejected: too common
Galium andrewsii Gray ssp. gatense
( Dem pster) Dem pster & Steb.
"serpenti ne bedstraw" Rubiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Alameda, Contra Costa, Fresno, Mon­
terey, San Benito, Santa Clara, San Luis
Obispo
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
montane coniferous forest / serpentinite,
rocky; elevation 1 50-1 450 meters.
 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 1 71

Perennial herb, blooms Apri l-J u ly.

See Brittonia 1 0: 1 86 ( 1 958) for original
description, and Flora ofCalifornia 4(2):
35-36 (1 979) by L. Dempster for taxo­
nomic treatment.

Galium angustifolium N utt. ssp.

borregoense Dempster
"Borrego bedstraw" Rubiaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-3
State Rare
San Diego
32B, 32D, 47C
Sonoran desert scrub ( rocky); elevation
3 50-1 250 meters.
Peren nial herb, blooms March.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
See Madrano 21 (2):88 (1 971 ) for original
description, and Flora ofCalifornia 4(2):
23-24 ( 1 979) by L. Dempster for taxo­
nomic treatment.

Galium angustifolium ssp.

foliosum
Considered but rejected: too common

Galium angustifolium N utt. ssp.

gabrielense ( M u nz & J t n . ) Dem pster
& Steb.
"San Antonio Canyon bedstraw" Rubiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Los Angeles, San Bernard i no
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest / granitic, sandy or rocky; elevation
1 200-2650 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-August.
See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
5 1 :299 ( 1 924) for original description,
Madrano 21 (2):90 ( 1 971 ) for revised
nomenclature, and Flora ofCalifornia
4(2):23-25 (1 979) by L. Dempster for
taxonomic treatment.

Galium angustifolium N utt. ssp.

gracillimum Dem pster & Steb.
"slender bedstraw" Rubiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Riverside, San Bernard i no Fritillaria striata
Joshua tree "woodland", Sonoran desert
scru b / granitic, rocky; elevation
1 30-1 550 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
See Madrano 21 (2):90 (1 971 ) for original
descri ption, and Flora ofCalifornia 4(2):
23-26 ( 1 979) by L. Dem pster for taxo­
nomic treatment.
1 72 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Galium angustifolium Nutt. ssp.
jacinticum Dem pster & Steb.
"San J acinto Mou ntains bedstraw"
Rubiaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-3
Riverside
83C, 84D
Lower montane coniferous forest;
elevation 1 350-2 1 00 meters.
Peren nial herb, bloomsJune-August.
Known only from three occu rrences i n
t h e Lake Fulmor a n d Black Mtn. area of
the San Jacinto Mtns. See Madrano 21 ( 2 ):
92 ( 1 971 ) for original descri ption, and
Flora ofCalifornia 4(2 ) :23-26 ( 1 979) by L.
Dem pster for taxonomic treatment.
Galium angustifolium N utt. ssp.
onycense ( Dem pster) Dempster &
Steb.
"O nyx Peak bedstraw" Rubiaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
Kern
259A, 259B, 260A, 283D, 284D
Cismontane woodland, pinyon and
jun iper wood land / granitic, rocky;
elevation 860-2300 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ly.
Known only from the Onyx Pk. area.
See Brittonia 1 0: 1 89 ( 1 958) for origin al
description, Madrano 21 ( 2 ) : 94 ( 1 971 )
for revised nomenclature, and Flora of
California 4( 2 ) : 2 6 ( 1 979) by L. Dem pster
for taxonomic treatment.
Galium buxifolium Green e
" box bedstraw" Rubiaceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-3
State Rare/Federal Endangered
Santa Cruz Island, San Miguel Island
SCZA, SCZB, SCZC, SMIE
Coastal bluff scrub, closed-cone conifer­
ous forest, coastal scrub / rocky;
elevation 5-400 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms March-J u ly.
Known from approximately twenty occur­
rences. Threatened by feral herbivores.
See Bulletin ofthe California Academy ofSci­
ences 2 : 1 50 ( 1 886) for original descrip­
tion, and Flora ofCalifornia 4( 2):20-2 1
( 1 979) b y L . Dem pster for taxonomic
treatment.
Gali um californicum H . & A ssp.
luciense Dem pster & Steb.
"Cone Peak bedstraw" Rubiaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
Monterey
295C, 296A, 296B, 296D, 3 1 9C, 3 1 9D,
320B, 320D, 343C
Broadleaved u pland forest, chaparral,
cismontane woodland, lower montane
con iferous forest; elevation 400-1 525
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March­
September.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
See Madrano 1 8( 4 ): 1 07 ( 1 965) for origi­
nal description, and Flora ofCalifornia
4(2):39-40 ( 1 979) by L. Dempster for
taxonomic treatment.
Galium californicum H . & A ssp.
miguelense (Greene) Dem pster &
Steb.
"San M iguel Island bedstraw" Rubiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
San Miguel Island , Santa Rosa Island
Cismontane woodland; elevation 30-60
meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms March-July.
Th reatened by feral herbivores and cattle
grazing on Santa Rosa Island . See Pittonia
1 :34 ( 1 887) for original description, and
University ofCalifornia Publications in Botany
46:32 ( 1 968) and Flora ofCalifornia 4(2):
39-42 ( 1 979) by L. Dempster for taxo­
nomic treatments.
Galium californicum H . & A ssp.
prim um Dem pster & Steb.
"Cal ifornia bedstraw" Ru biaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Riverside, San Bernard ino
66B, 67A, 84D, 1 07D
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest / gran itic, sandy; elevation
1 350-1 700 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J uly.
Known from only three occurrences. See
University ofCalifornia Publications in Botany
46:30 ( 1 968) for original descri ption,
and Flora ofCalifornia 4(2):39-41 ( 1 979)
by L. Dempster for taxonomic treatment.
Galium californicum H. & A ssp.
sierrae Dempster & Steb.
"El Dorado bedstraw" Rubiaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
State Rare/Federal Endangered
El Dorado
5 1 0B, 5 1 1 A, 527D
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
montane coniferous forest / gabbroic;
elevation 1 00-585 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
Th reatened by development, vehicles,
and recreational activities. See University
ofCalifornia Publications in Botany 46:30
( 1 968) for original description, and Flora
of California 4( 2):39-40 ( 1 979) by L.
Dempster for taxonomic treatment.
Galium catalinense Gray ssp.
acrispum Dempster & Steb.
"San Clemente Island bedstraw" Rubiaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
State Endangered
San Clemente Island
SCMC, SCMN , SCMS
Valley and foothill grassland; elevation
25-275 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms
March-August.
Possi bly threatened by Navy activities.
Feral herbivores removed from San
Clemente Island, and vegetation recover­
ing. See University ofCalifornia Publications in
Botany 64:1 1 ( 1 973) for original descrip­
tion, and Flora ofCalifornia 4(2):20 ( 1 979)
by L. Dem pster for taxonomic treatment.
Galium catalinense Gray ssp.
catalinense
"Santa Catalina Island bedstraw"
Rubiaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3
Santa Catal ina Island
SCTE, SCTN , SCTS, SCTW
Chaparral, coastal scrub; elevation
5-300 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms
February-J u ly.
Threatened by feral herbivores. See
Synoptical Flora ofNorth America ed . 2,
1 ( 2 ):445 ( 1 88 6 ) for origi nal descrip­
tion , and University ofCalifornia Publica­
tions in Botany 64: 1 1 ( 1 973) and Flora of
California 4(2):20 ( 1 979) by L. Dem pster
for taxonomic treatments.
Galium clementis Eastw.
"Santa Lucia bedstraw" Rubiaceae
List 18 / RED 2-1 -3
Monterey
3 1 9B, 3 1 9C, 343C, 343D, 344A
Lower montane con iferous forest, upper
montane coniferous forest / granitic or
serpentinite, rocky; elevation 1 1 30- 1 780
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-July.
See Leaflets of Western Botany 1 :56 ( 1 933)
for original descri ption, and Flora ofCali­
fornia 4( 2):38 ( 1 979) by L. Dem pster for
taxonomic treatment.

Galium diftonsmithii ( De m pster)
Dem pster & Steb.
"Santa Barbara bedstraw" Rubiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Los Angeles, Monterey, Santa Barbara,
San Lu is Obispo, Ventura
Cismontane woodland; elevation
200-1 220 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J uly.
See Brittonia 1 0: 1 83 ( 1 9S8) for original
description, and Flora ofCalifornia 4(2):44
( 1 979) by L. Dempster for taxonomic
treatment.
Galium glabrescens ssp.
glabrescens
Considered but rejected : too common
Galium glabrescens ( Eh rend . )
Dem pster & Ehrend ssp. modocense
Dem pster & Eh ren d .
" Modoc bedstraw" Rubiaceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Modoc
673B, 690B, 690C, 707C, 724A
Great Basin scrub (gravelly or rocky,
tal us); elevation 1 SS0-283S meters.
Peren nial herb, blooms June-August.
See Brittonia 1 7:333 ( 1 96S) for original
description, and Flora ofCalifornia 4(2):
34-3S ( 1 979) by L. Dempster for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Galium grande McClat.
"San Gabriel bedstraw"
Ru biaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
Los Angeles
1 09B, 1 1 OA, 1 63 D
Broadleaved u pland forest, chaparral,
cismontane woodland, lower montane
coniferous forest; elevation 42S-1 SOO
meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms January-J u ly.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
See Erythea 2: 1 24 ( 1 894) for original
descri ption, and Flora ofCalifornia 4(2):47
( 1 979) by L. Dem pster for taxonomic
treatment.
Galium hardhamiae Dem pster
" Hardham's bedstraw"
Rubiaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
Monterey, San Lu is Obispo
270C, 2 7 1 A, 271 B, 29SC, 296A, 296B,
296C, 296D
C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral /
serpentinite; elevation 39S-97S meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-October.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. See Madroiio 1 6( S ): 1 66 ( 1 962) for
original description, and Flora ofCalifornia
4(2 ) :3S ( 1 979) by L. Dempster for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Galium hilendiae Dempster &
Ehren d ssp. cameum ( H ilend. &
H owe l l ) Dem pster & Eh ren d .
" Panamint M ou ntai ns bedstraw"
Rubiaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
Inyo
302A, 302D, 348C
Mojavean desert scrub, pinyon and
juniper woodland / gravelly or rocky;
elevation 1 6S0-3400 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
Known only from the Panam int Mtns.
See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 1 : 1 36 ( 1 9 34)
for original description, Brittonia 1 7: 3 1 1
( 1 963) for revised nomenclature, and
Flora ofCalifornia 4(2):29 ( 1 979) by L.
Dem pster for taxonomic treatment.
Galium hilendiae Dem pster &
Ehrend ssp. kingstonense
( Dem pster) Dem pster & Eh ren d .
" Ki ngston Mou ntains bedstraw" Rubiaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1 -2
San Bernardino; Nevada
2SOB, 274C
Lower montane coniferous forest, pi nyon
and juniper woodland / rocky; elevation
1 200-2 1 00 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne.
Known in Cal ifornia from fewer than five
occurrences in the Ki ngston Mtns. Poten­
tial ly th reatened by min ing. Threatened
in Nevada. See Brittonia 1 0: 1 90 ( 1 9S8)
for original description, and Flora ofCali­
fornia 4( 2 ) : 29 ( 1 979) by L. Dempster for
taxonomic treatment.
Galium hypotrichium Gray ssp.
tomentellum Ehrend.
"Telescope Peak bedstraw" Ru biaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1 -3
Inyo
302A
Subal pine coniferous forest (talus);
elevation 3300-3550 meters.
Perenn ial herb, bloom s J u ne-August.
1 73
Known from only one occu rrence on
Telescope Pk. in the Panamint Mtns. See
Contributions from the Dudley Herbarium
S : 1 2 ( 1 9S6) for original description, and
Flora ofCalifornia 4( 2 ) : 3 1 -32 ( 1 979) by L.
Dem pster for taxonomic treatment.
Galium jepsonii H i le n d . & H owell
"Jepson's bedstraw" Rubiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Los Angeles, San Bernardino
Lower montane coniferous forest, u pper
montane coniferous forest / granitic,
rocky or gravel ly; elevation 1 S40-2SOO
meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
July-August.
See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 1 : 1 3S ( 1 934)
for original descri ption, and Flora ofCali­
fornia 4( 2):22 ( 1 979) by L. Dem pster for
taxonomic treatment.
Gali um johnstonii Dem pster & Steb.
"Joh nston 's bedstraw" Rubiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernard ino,
San Diego?
Chaparral, lower montane con iferous
forest, pinyon and juniper woodland,
riparian woodland; elevation 1 220-2300
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-J u ly.
Does plant occur in San Diego Cou nty?
See Madrofio 21 (2 ):84 ( 1 971 ) for original
description, and Flora ofCalifornia 4( 2):
22-23 ( 1 979) by L. Dem pster for taxo­
nomic treatments.
Galium munzii H i lend. & Howell
" M u nz's bedstraw" Rubiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
San Bernard ino; Arizona, Nevada, and
elsewhere
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­
erous forest, pinyon and j u n i per wood­
land, upper montane coniferous forest;
elevation 1 1 00-22SO meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J uly.
See Leaflets of Western Botany 1 : 1 3 S ( 1 934)
for original descri ption, and Flora ofCali­
fornia 4( 2) :30-3 1 ( 1 979) by L. Dem pster
for taxonomic treatment.
1 74 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Gal i u m nuttallii G ray ssp. insulare
Ferris
"N uttal l's island bedstraw" Rubiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Santa Catalina Island, Santa Cruz Island,
Santa Rosa Island
Chaparral, cismontane wood land,
coastal scrub, lower montane coniferous
forest; elevation 3-440 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-J u ne.
See Contributions from the Dudley Herbarium
4:338 ( 1 95 5 ) for original descri ption,
and Flora ofCalifornia 4(2):43-44 ( 1 979)
by L. Dempster for taxonomic treatment.
Galium oreganum Britt.
"Oregon bedstraw" Rubiaceae
List 3 / RED 3-?-1
Del Norte?, Siskiyou?; Oregon , Washi ng­
ton, and elsewhere
738A?
Lower montane con iferous forest, North
Coast coni ferous forest; elevation 1 500
meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
May-September.
Move to List 2? Location, rarity, and
endangerment information needed.
Apparently known i n Cal iforn ia from only
a si ngle 1 95 1 collection from Siskiyou
County, near the Del Norte County l ine.
Common in Oregon. See Bulletin ofthe
Torrey Botanical Club 2 1 : 3 1 ( 1 894) for
original description, and Flora ofCalifornia
4( 2): 1 6-1 7 ( 1 979) by L. Dem pster for
taxonomic treatment.
Galium serpenticum Dem pster ssp.
scotticum Dem pster & Eh ren d .
"Scott Mou ntain bedstraw" Rubiaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Siskiyou, Trin ity
683B, 684A, 684B, 699C, 700A, 700B,
700C, 70 1 B, 70 1 C, 701 D, 71 7B
Lower montane coniferous forest (ser­
pentin ite); elevation 1 000-2075 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
Threatened by loggi ng. See Brittonia
1 7:326 ( 1 965) for original description,
and Flora ofCalifornia 4(2):33-34 ( 1 979)
by L. Dem pster for taxonomic treatment.
Galium serpenticum Dem pster ssp.
warnerense Dem pster & Ehre n d .
"Warner Mountains bedstraw" Rubiaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-2
Modoc; Oregon
724B, 725A
Meadows and seeps, pi nyon and juniper
woodland, subalpine coniferous forest /
rocky, tal us; elevation 1 450-2750
meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
J u ne-J u ly.
Known in Cal ifornia from only twelve
occurrences in the Warner Mtns. Endan­
gered in Oregon . See Brittonia 1 7:325
( 1 965) for original descri ption, and Flora
ofCalifornia 4(2):33-34 ( 1 979) by L.
Dempster for taxonomic treatment.
Galium wrightii Gray
"Wright's bedstraw" Rubiaceae
List 2 / RED 3 - 1 - 1
San Bernardino; Arizona, Baja Californ ia,
New Mexico, Sonora (Mexico), Texas,
and elsewhere
249 D
Lower montane coniferous forest, pi nyon
and jun iper woodland / carbonate,
rocky; elevation 1 600-2000 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms June-October.
Known in Cal ifornia from only three
occurrences near Clark Mtn. See Flora of
California 4( 2 ) : 2 1 ( 1 979) by L. Dem pster
for taxonomic treatment.
Galvezia speciosa ( N utt . ) Gray
" island snapdrago n " Scro p h u l ariaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
Santa Barbara Island* , San Clemente
Island, Santa Catalina Island; Guadal upe
Island ( Mexico)
SBRA*, SCMC, SCMN, SCMS, SCTE,
SCTN
Coastal scru b / rocky; elevation 0-900
meters.
Shrub, blooms February-May.
Collected only once ( 1 863) on Santa Bar­
bara Island . Feral h erbivores removed
from San Clemente Island, and vegeta­
tion recovering. See Madrano 2 1 (5 ):380
( 1 972) for distributional information.
Gaura coccinea
Considered but rejected: too common
Gentiana affinis var. affinis
Considered but rejected: not i n Califor­
nia; name apparently m isapplied to G.
affinis var. ovata; a common taxon
Gentiana affinis Griseb var.
parvidentata Kusnez.
"small-toothed prairie gentian"
Gentianaceae
List 3 / RED ?-?-1
Modoc; Idaho, Oregon , and elsewhere
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­
erous forest; elevation 1 220-1 830 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J uly-September.
Move to List 2? Location, rarity, and
endangerment information needed.
Searches of major herbaria in 1 992 fai led
to identify confirmed California localities.
See G. affinis var. ovata in TheJepson Manual.
Gentiana aquatica
See Gentiana fremontii
Gentiana bisetaea
See Gentiana setigera
Gentiana fremontii Torr.
"moss gentian" Gentianaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
San Bernardino; Oregon , and elsewhere
1 05A, 1 05D
Meadows and seeps (mesic), upper mon­
tane coniferous forest; elevation
2400-2700 meters.
Annual herb, bloom s J u n e-August.
Not G. aquatica, previously misapplied to
G. fremontii.
Gentiana newberryi
Considered but rejected: too common
Gentiana plurisetosa C. Mason
" Klamath gentian" Gentianaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Del Norte, Humboldt, Siskiyou, Trin ity;
Oregon
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps, upper montane conifer­
ous forest / mesic; elevation 1 200- 1 900
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J uly-September.
Endangered in Oregon. See Madrano
37( 4):289-292 ( 1 990) for original
description, and 36( 1 ) :49-50 ( 1 989) for
revised nomenclature of formerly con­
fused G. setigera.
Gentiana prostrata Haenke
"pygmy gentian" Gentianaceae
List 2 / RED 2 - 1 - 1
Inyo?, Mono; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon ,
Utah, a n d elsewhere

43 1 C
Alpine boulder and rock field , meadows
and seeps ( mesic); elevation 3500-3800
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
Does plant occur in I nyo County? Endan­
gered i n Oregon .
Gentiana setigera Gray
"Mendocino gentian" Gentianaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-2
Del Norte, Mendocino; Oregon
600B, 739B, 739C, 740A
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps / mesic; elevation
490- 1 065 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms August­
September.
Threatened by mining activities and wet­
land alteration. Candidate for state list­
i ng in Oregon . See Madroiio 3 6 ( 1 ):49-50
( 1 989) for revised nomenclature.
Gentiana tenella
Considered but rejected: a synonym of
Gentianella tenella ssp. tenella; a com mon
taxon
Geothallus tuberosus Cam p b.
Sphaerocarpaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Riverside, San Diego
1 1 B, 22A, 22B
Coastal scrub (mesic), vernal pools / soi l ;
elevation 1 0-600 meters.
Liverwort (ephemeral).
Recently reported at Camp Pend leton;
probably extirpated elsewhere i n urban­
ized San Diego County. Most su itable
historic habitat lost to u rbanization.
Need quads for Riverside County. Mono­
typic genus. See Botanical Gazette 21 : 1 3
( 1 896) for original descri ption.
Geraea viscida (Gray) Blake
"sticky geraea"
Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 2-1-1
I m perial, San Diego; Baja California
7A, 7B, 8A, 8B, 8C, 8D, 9C, 9D, 1 9A,
1 9D, 20C
Chaparral (often in disturbed areas);
elevation 450- 1 700 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J une.
C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N O E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Geum aleppicum j acq.
"Aleppo avens" Rosaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Lassen, Modoc, Siskiyou; Oregon, and
elsewhere
622B, 639B, 640A, 677B, 698B, 698C,
699D
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­
erous forest, meadows and seeps;
elevation 450-1 500 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-August.
G ilia aliquanta ssp. aliquanta
Considered but rejected : too common
Gilia aliquanta ssp. breviloba
Considered but rejected: too com mon
Gilia australis
Considered but rejected: too com mon
Gilia campanulata
Considered but rejected: too common
Gilia cana ssp. bernardina
Considered but rejected: too common
Gilia cana ssp. cana
Considered but rejected: too common
Gilia cana ssp. speciosa
Considered but rejected: too common
Gilia capitata Sims. ssp.
chamissonis (Greene) V. Grant
"dune gi lia" Polemoniaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
Mari n , San Francisco, Sonoma
448 B, 466C, 466D, 467B, 467D, 485B,
485C, 485D, 502C, 503B, 503D
Coastal du nes, coastal scrub; elevation
2-200 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-Ju ly.
Threatened by urbanization, recreational
development, and non-native plants, and
possibly threatened by trampling. See
Erythea 3 : 1 05 ( 1 895) for original descrip­
tion, and Aliso 2(3 ):309 ( 1 950) for
revised nomenclature.
Gilia capitata Uones) Hel ler ssp.
pacifica Sims.
" Pacific gil ia " Polemon iaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
Del Norte, H u mboldt, Mendocino;
Oregon
1 75
537B, 552B, 553A, 567A, 569A, 569D,
601 B, 6 1 7C, 635A, 637B, 653B, 654C,
672C, 689C, 689D, 723B, 739C, 740C
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal prarie;
elevation 5-300 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-August.
Threatened by development and recre­
ational activities. See Aliso 2(3 ):305
( 1 950) for original description.
Gilia capitata Sims ssp. tomentosa
( Bran d ) V. Grant
"wool ly-headed gilia" Polemon iaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Mari n, Sonoma( * ? )
467A*, 467B*, 485A, 485B, 485 D*,
502B*, 502C*, 503B*, 503 D*, 5 1 9C*,
520B*, 520D( * ? )
Coastal bluff scrub ( rocky, outcrops);
elevation 1 5- 1 55 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-July.
Known from only three occurrences near
Tamales and Salt Pt. SP. Threatened by
urban ization, road maintenance, and
erosion. l ntergrades with ssp. capitata i n
northeastern San Francisco Bay area.
See Aliso 2(3):304 ( 1 950) for revised
nomenclature.
Gilia caruifolia Abrams
"caraway-leaved gi lia" Polemon iaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 - 1
Riverside, San Diego; Baja California
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest / sandy, openi ngs; elevation
1 400-2300 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-August.
See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
32:540 ( 1 905) for original description,
and Aliso 3 ( 1 ):87 ( 1 954) for taxonomic
treatment.
Gilia hutchinsifolia
Considered but rejected : too common
Gilia interior ( Mason & A. Grant) A.
Grant
"i nland gilia" Polemoniaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Kern, Tulare
Cismontane woodland , J oshua tree
"woodland", lower montane coniferous
forest / rocky; elevation 700-1 700
meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
See Madroiio 9(7): 2 1 7 ( 1 948) for origi­
nal descri ption , and Natural History ofthe
Phlox Family 1 :80 ( 1 95 9 ) for revised
nomenclature.
1 76 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A NTS
Gilia inyoensis
Considered but rejected: too common
Gilia latiflora (Gray) Gray ssp.
cuyamensis A. & V. Grant
"Cuyama gilia" Polemon iaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Kern, Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, San
Luis Obispo?, Ventura
Pinyan and j u n i per woodland (sandy);
elevation 600-2000 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Does this plant occur i n San Lu is Obispo
County? See Aliso 3(3) :270 ( 1 956) for
original description.
Gilia latiflora ssp. elongata
Considered but rejected: too common
Gilia leptantha Parish ssp.
leptantha
"San Bernard i n o gilia" Po lemon iaceae
List 18 / RED 2-1 -3
San Bernardino
1 04B, 1 05A, 1 05B, 1 05C, 1 05 D
Lower montane con iferous forest (sandy
or gravel ly); elevation 1 500-2350 meters.
An nual herb, blooms June-August.
Known only from the San Bernardino
Mtns. See Zoe5(5):74 ( 1 900) for original
description, and Aliso 3(3) :234-237
( 1 956) for taxonomic treatment.
Gilia leptantha Parish ssp.
pinetorum A. & V. Grant
Polemon iaceae
"pine gilia"
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Kern, Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo,
Ventura
Lower montane coniferous forest ( rocky
or sandy); elevation 1 500-2800 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
See Aliso 3(3):239 ( 1 956) for original
description.
Gilia maculata
See Linanthus maculatus
Gilia millefoliata F. & M .
"dark-eyed gilia" Polemon iaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
Del Norte, H u m boldt, Mendoci no,
Mari n, San Francisco*, Sonoma; Oregon
466C* , 485B, 485C, 503D, 568B, 569A,
585D, 672C, 689D, 723B, 740B, 740C
Coastal du nes; elevation 2-20 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-Ju ly.
Threatened by development, vehicles,
foot traffic, grazing, and non-native
plants. Endangered in Oregon . See Aliso
3 ( 1 ):33 ( 1 954) for taxonomic treatment.
Gilia nevinii Gray
Polemon iaceae
"Nevi n 's gi lia"
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Anacapa Island , Santa Barbara Island,
San Clemente Island, Santa Catalina
Island, Santa Cruz Island, San Nicolas
Island *, Santa Rosa Island; Guadalupe
Island (Mexico)
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub, valley
and foothill grassland; elevation 5-400
meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-J u ne.
Last seen on San Nicolas Island i n 1 901 .
Extremely rare on northern Channel
Islands; more widespread on southern
Channel Islands.
Gilia ripleyi Barneby
"Ripley's gi l ia" Polemoniaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
I nyo, San Bernardino; Nevada
256B, 300B, 302D, 323A, 325B, 325D,
349C, 368D, 372C, 372D, 390B, 41 1 D
Mojavean desert scrub (carbonate);
elevation 305-1 770 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-Ju ne.
Easily confused with G. latifolia. See
Leaflets ofWestern Botany 3: 1 29 ( 1 942) for
original description.
Gilia sinistra jones ssp.
pinnatisecta ( Mason & A. Grant)
Day
"pin nate-leaved gilia" Po lemon iaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Glenn, Humboldt, Lake, Mendocino,
Napa, Tehama, Trin ity
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest / serpentinite or volcanic; elevation
300-2200 meters.
Annual herb, blooms June-August.
See Madrano 9(7):220 ( 1 948) for original
description, and Navan 3:332 ( 1 993) for
revised nomenclature.
Gilia splendens ssp. grantii
Considered but rejected: too common
Gilia tenuiflora Benth . ssp.
amplifaucalis A. & V. Grant
"tru m pet-throated gilia" Polemoniaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Monterey, San Lu is Obispo
Cismontane woodland, valley and
footh i l l grassland / sandy; elevation
390-900 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-April.
See Aliso 3(3):246 ( 1 956) for original
description.
Gilia tenuiflora Benth . ssp. arenaria
( Be nth . ) A. & V. Grant
"sand gilia" Polemon iaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
State Threatened/Federal
Endangered
Monterey
365B, 365C, 366A, 366C, 366D, 387D
Chaparral (maritime), cismontane wood­
land, coastal dunes, coastal scru b /
sandy, openings; elevation 0-45 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Seriously threatened by develop­
ment, sand mining, vehicles, recreational
activities, and non-native plants. Inter­
grades with ssp. tenuiflora near the Sal inas
River mouth. See Aliso 3(3):246 ( 1 956)
for revised nomenclature.
Gilia tenuiflora Benth . ssp.
hoffmannii ( Eastw. ) A. & V. Grant
" Hoffman n's slender-flowered gilia"
Polemoniaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Federal Endangered
Santa Rosa Island
SROE, SRON
Coastal dunes, coastal scrub; elevation
1 0-30 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
Known from only three occurrences at
East Pt., Skunk Pt., and near Carrington
Pt. Threatened by grazing and trampling,
although much of East Pt. site is fenced
(NPS). See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 2:283
( 1 940) for original description, and Aliso
3(3):247 ( 1 956) for revised nomenclature.
Gilia yorkii Shevock & A. G. Day
" Monarch gilia" Polemoniaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Fresno
375D
Chaparral, cismontane wood land /
carbonate outcrops; elevation
1 290- 1 830 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-Ju ly.
Known only from near Boyden Cave in
Kings River Cyn. Not in TheJepson Manual.
See Madrano 45(2): 1 3 7 ( 1 998) for origi­
nal description.

Gil mania luteola ( Cov. ) Cov.
"golden carpet" Polygonaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
I nyo
324A, 324D, 346C
Chenopod scrub (alkaline barrens);
elevation 1 5-500 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-April.
Known from approximately five occur­
rences in Death Valley N M . See Contribu­
tions from the U.S. National Herbarium 4: 1 90
( 1 893) for original description, Fremontia
1 1 ( 4 ):25-26 ( 1 984) for species account,
and Phytologia 66(3 ) :243-244 ( 1 989) for
taxonomic treatment.
Githopsis diffusa ssp. candida
Considered but rejected: Probably a syn­
onym of G. diffusa; a common taxon
Githopsis diffusa Gray ssp. filicaulis
( Ewan ) N. Mori n
"Mission Canyon bluecu p" Campanu laceae
List 3 / RED ?-3-3
Riverside, San Diego
20B*, 2 1 A, 2 1 B, 2 1 D* , 22D, 67C
Chaparral (mesic, distu rbed areas);
elevation 450-700 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Move to List 1 B? Known i n California
from fewer than five occurrences. Threat­
ened by development. Taxonomic distinc­
tiveness needs study. See Rhodora 41 :3 1 2
( 1 939) for original descri ption, and Sys­
tematic Botany 8( 4 ):465 ( 1 983) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Githopsis filicaulis
See Githopsis diffusa ssp. filicaulis
Githopsis latifolia
Considered but rejected : not native and
not naturalized in Californ ia; a synonym
of Legousia speculum-veneris
Githopsis pulchella
Considered but rejected: too common
Githopsis pulchella Vatke ssp.
serpentinicola N. Mori n
"serpentine bl u ecup" Campan ulaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Amador, El Dorado, Mariposa, Stanis­
laus, Tuolumne
Cismontane wood land (serpentinite or
lone); elevation 320-6 1 0 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-June.
C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
See Systematic Botany 8( 4 ):456 ( 1 983) for
original description.
Githopsis tenella N. Mori n
"del icate bl uecup" Campanu laceae
List 1 8 I RED 2-1 -3
Kern, Monterey?, Tu lare
2 1 3C, 261 A, 285C
Chaparral, cismontane woodland /
mesic; elevation 1 1 00-1 900 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Possibly also in the Cholame Hills, Mon­
terey Cou nty; need confirmation. See Sys­
tematic Botany 8(4 ) :465 ( 1 983) for origi nal
description.
Glehnia littoralis (Gray) Miq ssp.
leiocarpa ( M ath . ) H u lt.
"American gleh n ia" Apiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
Del Norte, Humboldt, Mendocino; Ore­
gon , Washington, and elsewhere
Coastal d u nes; elevation 0-20 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
Threatened by non-native plants and vehi­
cles. See Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical Gar­
den 1 5:95 ( 1 928) for origi nal description,
and Flora ofAlasko and Yukon 7: 1 1 80 ( 1 947)
for revised nomenclature.
Glossopetalon pungens Bdg.
"pu ngent glossopetalon"
Crossosomataceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-2
San Bernard ino; Nevada
249D
Chaparral, pi nyon and juniper woodland /
carbonate; elevation 1 675-2000 meters.
Shrub (decid uous), blooms May-J une.
Known in Californ ia from only one occur­
rence in Forsel lesia Cyn . in the Clark
Mtns. On watch l ist in Nevada. See Aliso
9: 1 71 -1 78 ( 1 978) for discussion of trans­
fer to Crossosomataceae. USFWS uses
the name G. pungens var. glabra. See Ameri­
can Midland Naturalist 27(2):503-504
( 1 942 ) for original descri ption.
Glyceria grandis Wats.
"American manna grass" Poaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
H u m boldt, Mendoci no, Mono, Placer;
and elsewhere
470B, 487C, 505D, 537B, 538B, 671 D
Bogs and fens, meadows and seeps,
marshes and swamps (stream ban ks and
lake margins); elevation 1 5-1 980 meters.
1 77
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
J u ne-August.
Glyptopleura marginata
Considered but rejected : too common
Glyptopleura setulosa
Considered but rejected: too common
Goodmania luteola ( Parry) Rev. &
B. Ertter
"golden good man ia" Polygon aceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
Fresno, I nyo, Kern, Los Angeles, Madera,
Mono, Tu lare; Nevada
Mojavean desert scrub, meadows and
seeps, playas, valley and footh i l l grass­
land / alkaline or clay; elevation 20-2200
meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-August.
Possibly threatened by groundwater low­
ering and tram pling by cattle. See Bulletin
ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 1 0 :23 ( 1 883) for
original description, Brittonia 28:427-429
( 1 976) for revised nomenclature, and Phy­
tologia 66( 4 ):389 ( 1 989) for taxonomic
treatment.
Gratiola heterosepala Mason &
Bacig.
" Boggs Lake hedge-hyssop"
Seraph u lariaceae
List 1 8 I RED 1 -2-2
State Endangered
Fresno, Lake, Lassen, Madera, Merced,
Modoc, Placer, Sacramento, Shasta, Sis­
kiyou, San Joaq u i n , Solano, Tehama;
Oregon
398A, 398D, 42 1 A, 495B, 495 D, 496A,
498D, 5 1 1 C, 5 1 2 B * , 5 1 2 D, 527C, 528A,
528D, 533D, 534A, 593B, 594B, 628A,
628B, 628C, 628D, 639B, 643A, 643 B,
659C, 6 6 1 A, 66 1 C, 678B, 678D, 690C,
693B, 709A, 709B, 709C, 709D, 7 1 0B,
7 1 0C, 7 1 1 B, 7 1 1 C, 71 1 D, 71 3 D, 726C,
72 7C, 727D
Marshes and swamps ( lake margins), ver­
nal pools / clay; elevation 1 0-2375
meters.
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-August.
Threatened by agriculture, development,
grazing, trampling, and vehicles. Known
from one occurrence in Oregon, where
state listed as Threatened. USFS and BLM
have completed a draft conservation strat­
egy. Lassen NF has adopted species man­
agement guidelines. See Madrano 1 2( 5):
1 50-1 52 ( 1 954) for original description.
1 78 C N P S I N V E NTO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Grindelia camporum var.
parviflora
Considered but rejected: a synonym of G.
camporum var. camporum; a common
taxon
Grindelia fraxino-pratensis Rev. &
Beatley
"Ash Meadows gum plant" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-2
Federal Threatened
I nyo; Nevada
322C, 322D
Meadows and seeps ( mesic clay);
elevation 635-700 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J une-October.
Known i n California from only two extant
occu rrences in Carson Slough in the
Amargosa Desert. Threatened by water
d iversion, habitat alteration, and non­
native plants. State-listed as Critically
Endangered in Nevada. See Bulletin ofthe
Torrey Botanical Club 98:332 ( 1 971 ) for
original descri ption.
Grindelia hallii
See Grindelia hirsutula var. ha/Iii
Grindelia stricta var. angustifolia
Grindelia hirsutula H . & A var. hallii
(Steyerm . ) M .A. Lan e
"San Diego g u m plant" Asteraceae
List 1 B I RED 2-2-3
San Diego
9B?, 1 OD?, 1 9 B, 1 9C, 20A, 20D, 22B,
33B, 33C, 33D
Chaparral, lower montane con iferous
forest, meadows and seeps, valley and
foothill grassland; elevation 1 85-1 745
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms July-October.
Threatened by grazing and road mainte­
nance. See Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical
Garden 2 1 :229 ( 1 934) for origi nal
description, and Novon 2(3 ) : 2 1 5-2 1 7
( 1 992) fo r revised nomenclature.
Grindelia hirsutula H. & A var.
maritima (Greene) M .A. Lan e
"San Francisco gu mplant" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Monterey, Mari n , Santa Cruz, San Fran­
cisco, San Luis Obispo, San Mateo
271 D, 272A, 344B, 366C, 366D, 387B,
387D, 387E, 408C, 409B, 409D, 429C,
448B, 448C, 466C, 467A, 467B, 467D,
467E, 485B, 485C, 485D
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub, valley
and foot h i l l grassland / sandy or serpen­
tinite; elevation 1 5-400 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms
August-September.
Threatened by coastal development and
non-native plants. Can be d ifficult to iden­
tify. See Pittonia 2:289 ( 1 892) for original
description, and Novon 2(3):21 5-2 1 7
( 1 992) for revised nomenclature.
Grindelia latifolia ssp. latifolia
Considered but rejected: a hybrid and
synonym of G. stricta var. platyphylla and
G. camporum var. camporum; common taxa
Grindelia maritima
See Grindelia hirsutula var. maritima
Grindelia paludosa
Considered but rejected: a hybrid
between G. stricta var. angustifolia and G.
camporum var. camporum
Grindelia stricta ssp. blakei
Considered but rejected: a synonym of G.
stricta var. stricta; a common taxon
Considered but rejected: too common
Gutierrezia californica
Considered but rejected: too common
Gymnosteris nudicaulis
Considered but rejected: not in Cal ifornia
Habenaria elegans var. maritima
Considered but rejected: a synonym of
Piperia elegans; a common taxon
Hackelia amethystina j .T. Howe l l
"amethyst stickseed" Boraginaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Glenn, Lake, Mendocino, Plumas,
Tehama, Tri nity
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps, upper montane conifer­
ous forest / openi ngs, disturbed areas;
elevation 1 500-2 1 30 meters.
Peren nial herb, blooms J u ne-J uly.
See Leaflets of Western Botany 3 : 1 25 ( 1 942)
for original description, and Memoirs ofthe
New York Botanical Garden 26( 1 ):2 1 3-2 1 4
( 1 976) for taxonomic treatment.
Hackelia bella
Considered but rejected: too common
Hackelia brevicula U eps. ) Gentry
" Poison Canyon stickseed" Boraginaceae
List 3 / RED ?-1 -3
I nyo, Mono; Nevada?
41 2A, 41 2B, 431 C, 43 1 D
Broadleaved u pland forest, Great Basin
scrub, subalpine coniferous forest;
elevation 2600-3200 meters.
Perennial herb, bloom s J u ly-August.
Move to List 1 B? Known from fewer than
ten occurrences in the White Mtns. Need
field su rveys. Does plant occur in Neva­
da? Similar to H. floribunda. See Southwest­
ern Naturalist 1 9(2): 1 39-1 46 ( 1 974) for
revised nomenclature, and Memoirs ofthe
New York Botanical Garden 26( 1 ):205-206
( 1 976) for taxonomic treatment.
Hackelia cusickii ( Pi per) Brand
"Cusick's stickseed" Boraginaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -1
Lassen , Modoc, Shasta, Siskiyou; Neva­
da, Oregon
Alpine bou lder and rock field , pinyon and
ju n iper wood land ( rocky loam), sub­
alpine coniferous forest; elevation
1 200-2000 meters.
Peren nial herb, blooms April-J u ly.
Possibly threatened by grazing. See Mem­
oirs ofthe New York Botanical Garden
26( 1 ):203-204 ( 1 976) for taxonomic
treatment.
Hackelia longituba
Considered but rejected: a synonym of H.
velutina; a common taxon
Hackelia mundula
Considered but rejected: too common
Hackelia sharsmithii Jtn.
"Sharsmith's stickseed" Boraginaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 -2
Fresno, I nyo, Tulare; Nevada
329A, 329B, 329D, 330A, 352A, 352D,
373B, 373C, 373 D
Alpine bou lder and rock field, subalpine
coniferous forest / granitic, rocky;
elevation 3000-3700 meters.
Peren nial herb, blooms J u ly-September.
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 1 79

Seejournal ofthe Arnold Arboretum 20:398 Haplopappus parishii Harmonia nutans (Greene) B.G.
( 1 939) for original description, and Mem­ Considered but rejected : a synonym of Baldwi n
oirs ofthe New York Botanical Garden 26( 1 ): Ericameria parishii var. parishii; a common
1 49-1 50 ( 1 976) for taxonomic treatment. "nodd i ng harmonia" Asteraceae
taxon
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Hackelia velutina Napa, Sonoma
Haplopappus peirsonii
Considered but rejected : too common Chaparral, cismontane woodland / rocky
Considered but rejected : too common; a or gravel ly, volcanic; elevation 75-975
synonym of Tonestus peirsonii meters.
Halimolobos virgata ( N utt. ) Sch u lz
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
"virgate halimolobos" Brassicaceae Haplopappus propinquus A synonym of Madia nutans in TheJepson
List 2 / RED 3-1-1 Considered but rejected : a synonym of Manual. See Pittonia 2 : 227 ( 1 892) for orig­
I nyo, Mono; Nevada, and elsewhere Ericameria brachylepis; a common taxon i nal description, and Novon 9 :462-471
41 2A, 41 2B, 41 2C ( 1 999) for revised nomenclature.
Meadows and seeps, pi nyon and jun iper Haplopappus racemosus ssp.
woodland; elevation 2000-3000 meters. congestus Harmonia stebbinsii (T.W. N elson
Perennial herb, blooms J une-J uly. See Pyrrocoma racemosa var. congesta & J . P. Nelson ) B.G. Baldwi n
See Contributions from the Gray Herharium "Stebbi ns's harmon ia" Asteraceae
3(8):241 -288 ( 1 943 ) for taxonomic Haplopappus uniflorus ssp. List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
treatment and d iscussion of the genus. gossypinus Shasta, Tehama, Trin ity
See Pyrrocoma uniflora var. gossypina 596A, 596B, 630C, 631 D, 632A, 632C,
Halodule wrightii 6320
Considered but rejected: not native Harmonia doris-nilesiae (T.W. Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
Nelson & J . P. Nelso n ) B.G. Baldwi n forest / serpenti n ite; elevation 400-1 580
Haplopappus brickellioides meters.
"Niles's harmonia" Asteraceae
Considered but rejected: a synonym of List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Annual herb, blooms May-June.
Hazardia brickellioides; a common taxon Tri nity Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Possibly threatened by road
632B, 632C, 632D, 633A, 649C, 650C, mai ntenance. A synonym of Madia steb­
Haplopappus canus 651 B, 651 C, 651 D binsii in TheJepson Manual. See Brittonia
See Hazardia cana Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower 32(3 ):323 ( 1 980) for original descrip­
montane coniferous forest / usually ser­ tion, and Novon 9:462-471 ( 1 999) for
Haplopappus detonsus pentinite, openi ngs, rocky; elevation revised nomenclature.
See Hazardia detonsa 650-1 660 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly. Harpagonella palmeri Gray
Haplopappus eastwoodiae Threatened by logging, recreation, and
" Pa l mer's grappl i n ghook" Boraginaceae
road mai ntenance. A synonym of Madia
See Ericameria fasciculata List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
doris-nilesiae in TheJepson Manual. See Brit­
tonia 37( 4 ):394-396 ( 1 985) for original Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, Santa
Haplopappus eximius descri ption, and Novon 9 :462-471 ( 1 999) Catalina Island, San Diego; Arizona, Baja
See Tonestus eximius for revised nomenclature. Cal ifornia, Sonora (Mexico)
Chaparral, coastal scrub, valley and
Harmonia hallii ( Keck) B.G. foothi l l grassland / clay; elevation
Haplopappus gilmanii 20-830 meters.
See Ericameria gilmanii Baldwi n
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
"Hall's harmonia" Asteraceae
I nconspicuous and easily overlooked.
Haplopappus junceus List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 Threatened by development and non­
See Machaerantherajuncea Col usa, Lake, Napa, Yolo native plants.
5 1 6B, 5 1 7A, 532C, 532D, 533A, 533D,
Haplopappus lucidus 547B, 547C, 548A Hastingsia bracteosa var.
See Pyrrocoma lucida Chaparral (serpenti nite); elevation bracteosa
500-900 meters.
Considered but rejected : not in California
Haplopappus lyallii Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne.
See Tonestus !ya/Iii Threatened by m i n i ng. A synonym of Hazardia brickellioides
Madia ha/Iii in TheJepson Manual. See
Madrano 3 ( 1 ) : 5 ( 1 935) for origi nal Considered but rejected: too common
Haplopappus ophitidis descri ption, and Novon 9:462-471
See Ericameria ophitidis ( 1 999) for revised nomenclature.
1 80 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Hazardia cana (Gray) Green e
"San Clemente Island hazardia" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-2
San Clemente Island ; Guadalupe Island
( Mexico)
SCMC, SCMS
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub, ripari­
an scrub; elevation 60-500 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
J u n e-September.
Known in California from fewer than
twenty occurrences. Feral herbivores
removed from San Clemente Island, and
vegetation recovering. See Proceedings of
the American Academy ofArts and Sciences
1 1 :75 ( 1 876) for original description ,
Aliso 5(3) :343 ( 1 963) for species
account, and Madrano 26(3): 1 05-1 27
( 1 979) for taxonomic treatment.
Hazardia detonsa ( Greene) Greene
"island hazard ia" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Anacapa Island, Santa Cruz Island, Santa
Rosa Island
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
coastal scrub / rocky, volcan ic; elevation
5-580 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms
February-November.
I ncreasing on Santa Cruz Island after
reduction offeral sheep population.
Hybridizes with H. squarrosa var. grinde­
lioides. See Madrano 26(3 ) : 1 05-1 27
( 1 979) for revised nomenclature.
Hazardia orcuttii (Gray) Greene
"Orcutt's hazard ia" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2
San Diego; Baja California
35C, 36D
Chaparral, coastal scrub / often clay;
elevation 85-85 meters.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms
August-October.
Known in California from only one occur­
rence in Lux Cyn. Threatened by u rban iza­
tion. See Madrano 26(3 ): 1 05- 1 27 ( 1 979)
for revised nomenclature and 28( 1 ):38
( 1 98 1 ) for first California record .
Hazardia stenolepis
Considered but rejected: too common
Hecastocleis shockleyi
Considered but rejected: too common
Hedeoma nanum (Torr. ) Briq var.
californicum W.S. Stewart
"Califo rnia mock-pen nyroyal" Lamiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
I nyo, San Bernard i no; Arizona, Nevada
Joshua tree "woodland", pi nyon and
j u n iper wood land / rocky, often carbon­
ate; elevation 855-2 1 00 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-June.
See Sida 8:265 ( 1 980) for taxonomic
treatment.
Heleocharis parvula
See Eleocharis parvula
Helianthella castanea Greene
" Diablo helianthella" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Alameda, Contra Costa, Mari n * , San
Francisco* , San Mateo
445D, 446B, 447A, 448B, 463C, 464A,
464B, 464C, 464D, 465A, 465B, 465C*,
465D, 466A, 467A* , 482C, 483 D
Broadleaved upland forest, chaparral,
cismontane woodland, coastal scrub,
riparian woodland, valley and footh i l l
grassland; elevation 60-1 300 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Threatened by u rban ization, grazi ng, and
fire su ppression.
Helianthemum greenei Rob.
"island rush-rose" Cistaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Federal Threatened
Santa Catalina Island , Santa Cruz Island,
San Miguel Island * , Santa Rosa
Island( * ? )
SCTN, SCZA, SCZB, SCZC, SM IW*
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
cismontane woodland, coastal scrub /
rocky; elevation 1 5-490 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms March-J u ly.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Last col lected on Santa Rosa
Island in 1 930's; need historical quads.
Last collected on San Miguel Island in
1 939; need locality information . Threat­
ened by feral herbivores on Santa Cruz
Island; recoveri ng on Santa Catalina
Island, and i ncreasi ng on Santa Cruz
Island after reduction offeral sheep pop­
u lation. Also threatened by altered fire
regimes. Hybridizes with H. scoparium.
Helianthemum suffrutescens
Schre i b.
"Bisbee Peak rush-rose" Cistaceae
List 3 I RED 2-2-3
Amador, Calaveras, El Dorado, Sacra­
mento, Tuolumne
458B, 476B, 493C, 494B, 494C, 495A,
51 OB, 5 1 1 A, 527D
Chaparral (often serpentinite, gabbroic,
or lone soi l); elevation 45-840 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms April-J u ne.
Move to List 1 B? Threatened by m i n i ng,
development, and vehicles. Herbarium
material ind icates taxon is conspecific
with H. scoparium, but field studies reveal
differences; defin itive taxonomic study
needed. A synonym of H. scoparium in The
Jepson Manual.
Helianthus exilis Gray
"serpentine su nflower" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Colusa, Glenn, Lake, Napa, Shasta, Siski­
you, Sonoma, Tehama, Tri nity
Chaparral, cismontane woodland /
serpentin ite seeps; elevation 1 50- 1 525
meters.
Annual herb, blooms J u ne-November.
Difficult to distinguish from H. bolanderi;
see that plant i n TheJepson Manual.
Helianthus niveus ( Benth . ) Bdg.
ssp. tephrodes (Gray) Heiser
"Algodones D u nes sunflower" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-2
State Endangered
I m perial; Arizona, Sonora (Mexico)
2A, 2B, 1 3 B, 1 3C, 1 4A, 1 4B, 1 4D, 27C,
28D
Desert du nes; elevation 50-1 00 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms September-May.
Threatened by vehicles. See Report on the
U.S. and Mexican Boundary Survey, p. 90
( 1 859) by W. Emory for original descrip­
tion, and Memoirs ofthe Torrey Botanical
Club 22(3):39-43 ( 1 969) for revised
nomenclature.
Helianthus nuttallii T. & G ssp.
parishii (Gray) Heiser
" Los Angeles sunfl ower" Asteraceae
List 1 A
Los Angeles*, Orange* , San Bernardino*
71 B*, 1 05B*, 1 05C*, 1 07D*, l l OB*,
l l OC*, 1 1 1 D* , 1 63C*
Marshes and swamps (coastal salt and
freshwater); elevation 1 0-500 meters.

Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
August-October.
Last seen in 1 937. Exti rpated by urban­
ization. See Proceedings ofthe American
Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 4: 7 ( 1 883)
for original description, and Memoirs of
the Torrey Botanical Club 22(3 ) : 1 47-1 S 2
( 1 969) for taxonomic treatment.
Helodium blandowii (Web. &
Mohr) Warnst.
Helodiaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Fresno; Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Wash ing­
ton, and elsewhere
394D
Meadows and seeps, subalpine conifer­
ous forest / damp soil; elevation
2000-2700 meters.
Moss.
Known in Cal iforni a from only two occur­
rences in Kings Canyon N P. Very distinc­
tive d u e to abu ndant paraphyl lia ( m i nute
leaf-like structures borne on the stems or
branches among the leaves). See Bot.
Taschenb. p. 332 ( 1 807) for original
descri ption, and Krypt. Fl. Brandenburg
2:692 ( 1 90S) for revised nomenclature.
Hemitomes congestum
Considered but rejected: too common
Hemizonia arida
See Deinandra arida
Hemizonia calyculata
See Hemizonia congesta ssp. calyculata
Hemizonia clementina
See Deinandra clementina
Hemizonia congesta
See Hemizonia congesta ssp. leucocephala
Hemizonia congesta DC. ssp.
calyculata Babe. & H al l
" Mendocino tarplant" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Lake, Mendocino
Cismontane woodland, valley and foot­
hill grassland / sometimes serpenti n ite;
elevation 22S-1 400 meters.
Annual herb, blooms j uly-November.
C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Hemizonia congesta DC. ssp.
leucocephala (Ta nowitz) Kei l
" H ayfield tarplant" Asteraceae
List 3 I RED ?-?-3
Mendocino, Marin, Sonoma
467B, 484B, 484D, 48SB, S01 A, S02A,
S02B, S02C, S02D, S 1 7C, S 1 8D, S 1 9A,
S34C, S68B
Coastal scrub, valley and foothill grass­
land; elevation 2 S-36S meters.
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-October.
Move to List 1 B? Precise location, rarity,
and endangerment i nformation needed .
lntergrades with ssp. congesta; dried
plants may be ind istinguishable. Many
herbarium collections are m isidentified.
Threatened by agricultu re and urban iza­
tion. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
1 1 0 : 1 5 ( 1 983) for original description,
and Phytologia 73(3):2S9-260 ( 1 992) for
revised nomenclature.
Hemizonia congesta DC. ssp. tracyi
Babe. & Hall
"Tracy's tarplant" Asteraceae
List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -3
Humboldt, Mendoci no, Trin ity
Coastal prarie, lower montane con iferous
forest, North Coast coniferous forest /
openi ngs, sometimes serpentinite;
elevation 1 20-1 200 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-October.
Hemizonia conjugens
See Deinandra conjugens
Hemizonia floribunda
See Deinandra floribunda
Hemizonia halliana
See Deinandra halliana
Hemizonia increscens ssp. villosa
See Deinandra increscens ssp. villosa
Hemizonia minthornii
See Deinandra minthornii
Hemizonia mohavensis
See Deinandra mohavensis
Hemizonia multicaulis ssp.
multicaulis
Considered but rejected: a synonym of H.
congesta ssp. congesta; a common taxon
1 81
Hemizonia multicaulis ssp. vernalis
Considered but rejected: a synonym of H.
congesta ssp. congesta; a common taxon
Hemizonia parryi ssp. australis
See Centromadia parryi ssp. australis
Hemizonia parryi ssp. congdonii
See Centromadia parryi ssp. congdonii
Hemizonia pungens ssp. laevis
See Centromadia pungens ssp. laevis
Hemizonia tracyi
See Hemizonia congesta ssp. tracyi
Herissantia eris pa ( L. ) Brizicky
"curly herissantia" M alvaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1 - 1
San Diego; Arizona, Baj a Californ ia,
Sonora (Mexico), Texas, and elsewhere
7A, 32C
Sonoran desert scrub; elevation 700-725
meters.
Annual/perenn ial herb, blooms
August-September.
Known in Californ ia from only two occur­
rences at Mountain Spri ngs Grade and
Val l ecito Wash.
Hesperevax acaulis var. acaulis
Considered but rejected: too common
Hesperevax acaulis var.
ambusticola
Considered but rejected: too common
Hesperevax caulescens ( Ben t h . )
Gray
" h ogwallow starfish" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Alameda, Amador, Butte, Contra Costa,
Colusa, Fresno, Glenn, Kern, Merced,
Napa, San Diego*, San Joaquin, San Lu is
Obispo, Solano, Stan islaus, Sutter,
Tehama, Yolo
Val ley and foothi l l grassland (mesic,
clay); elevation 0-505 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-June.
Threatened by development and agricul­
ture. See Proceedings ofthe American Acade­
my ofArts and Sciences 7:356 ( 1 868) for
revised nomenclature, and Systematic
Botany 1 7(2):293-3 1 0 ( 1 992) for taxo-
nomic treatment.
1 82 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Hesperevax sparsiflora (Gray)
Green e var. brevifolia (Gray)
Morefield
"short-leaved evax" Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Humboldt, Mendocino, Marin, Santa
Cruz, San Francisco*, Sonoma; Oregon
408B, 448B*, 485B, 485C, 4850, 502C,
520B, 5200, 537B, 553A, 569A, 622C,
672C
Coastal bl uff scrub (sandy), coastal
dunes; elevation 0-2 1 5 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-June.
Threatened by logging and development.
May intergrade with var. sparsif/ora in the
San Francisco Bay area. On review list in
Oregon . See Synoptical Flora ofNorth Ameri­
ca 1 (2 ):229 ( 1 884) for original descrip­
tion, and Systematic Botany 1 7:293-3 1 0
( 1 992) for revised nomenclature.
Hesperolinon adenophyllum
(Gray) Small
"glandu lar western flax" Linaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3
Hu mboldt*, Lake, Mendoci no
533B, 533C, 534A, 534B, 5340, 548B?,
549A, 549B, 549C, 5490, 550A, 565A,
565B, 565C, 5650, 566A, 566C, 5660,
567A, 567B, 5820, 583C, 654C*
Chaparral, cismontane wood land, valley
and footh ill grassland / serpentinite;
elevation 1 50- 1 3 1 5 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-August.
Threatened by geothermal development,
recreation, and grazi ng. See Proceedings of
the American Academy ofArts and Sciences
8: 624-625 ( 1 873) for original descrip­
tion, and University ofCalifornia Publications
in Botany 32: 235-3 1 4 ( 1 961 ) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Hesperolinon bicarpellatum ( H . K.
Sharsm . ) H . K. Sharsm .
"two-carpel late western flax" Linaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3
Lake, Napa, Sonoma
499B, 500A, 5 1 6A, 5 1 6B, 5 1 6C, 5 1 60,
5 1 7A, 5 1 7B, 533B, 533C, 5330, 549A
Chaparral (serpenti nite); elevation
60-1 005 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Previously confused with H. serpentinum,
wh ich also occurs on serpentin ite soils in
the same general area. Threatened by
development and grazing. See University of
California Publications in Botany 32:235-3 1 4
( 1 961 ) for taxonomic treatment.
Hesperolinon breweri (Gray) Small
" Brewer's western flax" Li naceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Contra Costa, Napa, Solano
464A, 464B, 464C, 4640, 499A, 499B,
499C, 51 50
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, valley
and foothill grassland / mostly serpenti­
nite; elevation 30-900 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Need i n formation on status of occur­
rences. Threatened by development,
and several occu rrences threatened by
construction of Los Vaq ueros Reservoir.
See University ofCalifornia Publications in
Botany 32:235-3 1 4 ( 1 961 ) for taxonom­
ic treatment.
Hesperolinon congestum (Gray)
Small
" Mari n western flax" Linaceae
List 18 / RED 3-3-3
State Threatened/Federal
Threatened
Marin , San Francisco, San Mateo
429A, 4480, 466B, 466C, 467A, 467B,
484C, 4840
Chaparral, valley and foothill grassland /
serpentinite; elevation 5-370 meters.
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-J u ly.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Protected in part at Ri ng Mtn .
Preserve, Marin Cou nty. Threatened by
development and foot traffic. See Pro­
ceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
and Sciences 6 : 5 2 1 ( 1 865) for origi nal
description , and University ofCalifornia
Publications in Botany 3 2 : 235-3 1 4 ( 1 961 )
for taxonomic treatment.
Hesperolinon didymocarpum H . K.
Sharsm .
" Lake County western flax" Linaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
State Endangered
Lake
533B, 533C, 5330
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, valley
and footh ill grassland / serpentinite;
elevation 330-365 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences
in the Big Cyn. area near Midd letown.
Potentially threatened by grazing, agricul­
ture, and u rban ization. See University of
California Publications in Botany 32:235-3 1 4
( 1 961 ) for original descri ption.
Hesperolinon drymarioides
(Curran ) Small
"drymaria-like western Aax" Linaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Colusa, Glenn, Lake, Napa, Yolo
532C, 5320, 548A, 564A, 564B, 5640,
565B, 565C, 5650
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
cismontane woodland, valley and footh ill
grassland / serpentinite; elevation
1 00-1 1 30 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-August.
Known from approximately twenty occur­
rences. Threatened by mining and vehi­
cles. See Bulletin ofthe California Academy of
Sciences 1 : 1 52 ( 1 885) for original descrip­
tion, and University ofCalifornia Publications
in Botany 32 :235-3 1 4 ( 1 96 1 ) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Hesperolinon serpentinum N .
McCarten
"Napa western flax" Linaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Alameda, Lake, Napa, Stan islaus
404B, 4250, 4450, 500A, 5 1 6A, 5 1 6B,
5 1 6D, 5 1 7A, 532C, 533A
Chaparral (serpenti nite); elevation
50-800 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. One occu rrence protected at
ACEC ( BLM ), rest on private land and
u nprotected . Threatened by brush clear­
ing and gradi ng. See Madrano ( 1 994, in
press) for original description.
Hesperolinon tehamense H . K.
Sharsm.
"Tehama Cou nty western flax" Linaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
Glenn, Tehama
580C, 5800, 596A, 596B, 596C, 608C
Chaparral, cismontane woodland /
serpentin ite; elevation 1 00-1 000 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Known from approximately ten occur­
rences, mostly on Mendoci no NF and
BLM lands, where locally abundant.
Threatened by vehicles and road mai nte­
nance. See University ofCalifornia Publica­
tions in Botany 32: 298 ( 1 961 ) for original
descri ption.
Hesperomecon linearis
Considered but rejected: too com mon; a
synonym of Meconella linearis

Heterotheca monarchensis York,
Shevock & Semple
" Monarch golden-aster" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1 -3
Fresno
375D
Cismontane woodland (carbonate);
elevation 1 095- 1 850 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-October.
Known from two occurrences in the Kings
River Cyn. Not in TheJepson Manual. See
University ofWaterloo Biolo:f!J' Series 37:52
( 1 996) for original description.
Heterotheca shevockii (Semple)
Semple
"Shevock's golden-aster" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
Kern
238B, 239A, 260C, 261 C, 261 D
Chaparral, cismontane wood land /
sandy; elevation 230-900 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms
August-November.
Known only from the lower Kern River
Cyn . in the Greenhorn Mtns. Possibly
threatened by road maintenance and
recreational activities. A synonym of H.
villosa var. shevockii i n TheJepson Manual.
See Phytologia 73(6):453 ( 1 992) for origi­
nal description, and University ofWaterloo
Biolo:f!J' Series 37: 1 48 ( 1 996) for revised
nomenclature.
Heterotheca villosa var. shevockii
See Heterotheca shevockii
Heuchera abramsii Ryd b.
"Abrams's a l u m root" Saxifragaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Los Angeles, San Bernard ino
Upper montane con iferous forest
( rocky); elevation 2800-3500 meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
J u ly-August.
Heuchera alpestris
See Heuchera parishii
Heuchera brevistaminea Wiggi ns
" Lagu na M ou ntai ns alum root"
Saxifragaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
San Diego
1 9B, 1 9C, 20A
Broadleaved u pland forest, chaparral,
cismontane wood land, riparian scrub /
rocky; elevation 1 370-2000 meters.
C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 1 83
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms Heuchera merriamii
April-Septem ber. Considered but rejected: too common
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
See Contributions from the Dudley Herbarium
1 : 1 00 ( 1 929) for original descri ption.
Heuchera parishii Ryd b.
" Parish's a l u m root" Saxifragaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
Heuchera chlorantha
Considered but rejected: not native i n Riverside, San Bernardino
California 83C, 1 05A, 1 05B, 1 05C, 1 05D, 1 06A,
131C
Heuchera duranii Alpine boulder and rock field, lower mon­
tane coniferous forest, subalpine conifer­
Considered but rejected: a synonym o f H.
ous forest, upper montane coniferous
parvifolia; a common taxon forest / rocky; elevation 1 500-3800
meters.
Heuchera elegans Abrams Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
"urn-flowered alu mroot" Saxifragaceae J u ne-August.
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 I ncl udes H. alpestris .
Kern, Los Angeles, San Bernardino
Cismontane wood land, lower montane Heuchera rubescens Torr. var.
con iferous forest, upper montane conif­ versicolor (Greene) M . G . Stewart
erous forest / rocky; elevation
1 1 55-2650 meters. "San Diego Cou nty a l u m root"
Saxifragaceae
Perenn ial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
May-August.
San Diego; Baja Californ ia, Texas, and
elsewhere
Heuchera hirsutissima Rosend., 20A, 48D, 49D
Butt. & Lak.
Chaparral, lower montane con i ferous
"shaggy-haired alu m root" Saxifragaceae forest / rocky; elevation 1 500-4000
List 1 8 / RED 3-1 -3 meters.
Riverside Perennial herb (rh izomatous), blooms
65C, 65D, 83C, 83D May-June.
Subalpine coniferous forest, upper mon­
tane coniferous forest / rocky; elevation Hibiscus californicus
1 830-3500 meters. See Hibiscus lasiocarpus
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
May-J uly. Hibiscus lasiocarpus Cav.
"rose-mallow" Malvaceae
Heuchera leptomeria var. List 2 I RED 2-2-1
peninsularis Butte, Contra Costa, Colusa, Glenn,
See Heuchera rubescens var. versicolor Sacramento, San Joaq u i n , Solano, Sutter,
Yolo; and elsewhere
Heuchera maxima Greene 462A, 462B, 463A, 463D, 479B, 479C,
480A, 480B, 480C, 480D, 496C, 497D,
" island a l u m root" Saxifragaceae
5 1 3 D, 529B, 529C, 544C, 545A, 545B,
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3
545D, 5 6 1 A, 561 B, 561 C, 561 D, 576B,
Anacapa Island, Santa Cruz Island, Santa 576C, 577B, 577C, 577D, 592C
Rosa Island
Marshes and swamps (freshwater);
ANAC, SCZA, SCZB, SCZC, SCZD, SRON elevation 0-1 20 meters.
Coastal bluff scrub, chaparral, cismon­ Perennial herb ( rhizomatous, aquatic,
tane woodland, coastal scru b / rocky; emergent), bloomsJu ne-September.
elevation 1 0-500 meters.
Most occurrences are very smal l . Serious­
Perennial herb (rh izomatous), blooms ly th reatened by development, agricul­
February-May. ture, recreation, and channelization of
Surveys i n 1 994-1 996 have located many the Sacramento River and its tributaries.
new popu lations. Threatened by feral Widespread but also threatened in east­
herbivores on Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa ern North America. California plants
islands, and potentially threatened by apparently unique in rhizomatous­
seabird rookery on Anacapa Island. stoloniferous propagation.
1 84 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

H ierochloe odorata ( L. ) Wah l .

"vanil la-grass" Poaceae
List 2 I RED 3-1 -1
Shasta, Siskiyou; Oregon , Washi ngton,
and elsewhere
644A, 682B, 732C
Meadows and seeps (mesic); elevation
1 500-1 830 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Apri l-J u ly.
Known in Cal ifornia from only three
occurrences. Unconfirmed specimens at
the Californ ia Academy of Sciences have
been recorded from Yosemite NP, San
Pedro Val ley (San Mateo County), and
Fern Cyn. ( Mendocino County); need ver­
ification. Possibly threatened by grazing.
On review l ist i n Oregon .

Hoita strobilina (H. & A. ) Ryd b.

" Loma Prieta hoita" Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
Alameda*, Contra Costa*, Santa Clara,
Santa Cruz
387B, 387E, 406D, 407A, 407B, 407D,
427C
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, ripari­
an woodland / usually serpentinite, Holocarpha macradenia
mesic; elevation 30-600 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-October.
Need historical quads for Alameda and
Contra Costa counties. Threatened by
urbanization. See North American Flora
24: 1 1 ( 1 91 9) for revised nomenclature,
and Memoirs ofthe New York Botanical Gar­
den 61 : 1 -1 1 4 ( 1 990) for taxonomic
treatment.

Hollisteria lanata
Considered but rejected: too common

Holocarpha macradenia ( DC.)

Greene
"Santa Cruz tarplant" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Threatened
Alameda*, Contra Costa*, Monterey,
Mari n * , Santa Cruz
386B, 386C, 387A, 387B, 407C, 408D,
447A*, 466A*, 466D*, 467A*, 483D*
Coastal prarie, coastal scrub, valley and
footh ill grassland / often clay, sandy;
elevation 1 0-220 meters.
Annual herb, blooms June-October.
l C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Known from fewer than fifteen occur­
rences. All extant Contra Costa County
occurrences ( 465B, 466A) are i ntro­
duced; nearly half have failed as of 1 995.
Last remain i ng natural population i n the
San Francisco Bay Area extirpated by
development in 1 993. Seriously threat­
ened by urbanization, agriculture, non­
native plants, and lack of appropriate
ecological disturbance. See Fremontia
5(4): 1 5-1 6 ( 1 978) for species accou nt.
Holocarpha virgata (Gray) Keck
ssp. elongata Keck
"gracefu l tarplant" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Orange, Riverside, San Diego
Chaparral? , cismontane woodland,
coastal scrub, valley and foothi l l grass­
land; elevation 60-1 1 00 meters.
Annual herb, bloomsJu ly-November.
Known in Riverside County only from
Santa Rosa Plateau. See Aliso 4 : 1 1 1
( 1 958) for origi nal description.
Hordeum intercedens N evski
"vernal barley" Poaceae
List 3 I RED ?-2-2
Anacapa Island, Fresno?, Ki ngs, Los
Angeles, Mono, Orange, Riverside, Santa
Barbara, Santa Barbara Island, San Beni­
to, San Clemente Island, Santa Catalina
Island, Santa Cruz Island, San Diego, San
Miguel Island, San Mateo, San Nicolas
Island, Santa Rosa Island, Ventura; Baja
California
9 D, 52A, 52B, 70B, 70C, 7 1 A, 7 1 D, 8SC,
87C, 1 1 3 B, 1 42B, 336C, 38SD, ANAC,
SBRA, SCMC, SCM N, SCMS, SCTS,
SCZA, SCZB, SCZC, SCZD, SM IW, SNIC
Coastal dunes, coastal scrub, valley and
footh i l l grassland (sal ine Aats and
depressions), vernal pools; elevation
S-1 000 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms March-June.
Move to List 1 B? Location and rarity infor­
mation needed, especially quads for Los
Angeles, Mono, and San Mateo counties,
and Santa Rosa Island. Does plant occur
in Fresno County? Most mainland occur­
rences have been extirpated by develop­
ment; others are threatened . Previously
confused with H. pusillum. See Nordicjour­
nal ofBotany 2:307-321 ( 1 982) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Horkelia bolanderi Gray
" Bolander's horkelia" Rosaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Colusa*, Lake, Mendocino
S33B, S33C, S34A, S34B, SSOD, S6SD
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest, meadows and seeps, valley and
foothill grassland / edges, vernally mesic
areas; elevation 4S0-1 1 00 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J une-August.
Known from only five extant occurrences.
Need historical quads for Colusa County.
Threatened by vehicles, and possibly by
development. See Systematic Botany 1 8( 1 ):
1 37-1 44 ( 1 993) for taxonomic treatment.
Horkelia clevelandii
Considered but rejected : too common
Horkelia congesta Hook. ssp.
nemorosa Keck
"Josephine horkel ia" Rosaceae
List 2 / RED 3-3-1
Del Norte; Oregon
739A
North Coast coniferous forest (clay, ser­
penti n ite seeps); elevation 300-800
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-Ju ly.
Known in Cal ifornia from only one occur­
rence at Shelly Creek.
Horkelia cuneata Lind i . ssp.
puberula (Greene) Keck
"mesa horkelia" Rosaceae
Llst 1 B / RED 2-3-3
Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside*, Santa
Barbara, San Bernardino*, San Diego*,
San Luis Obispo, Ventura*
SOB*, SOD*, 68C*, 69C, 71 D, 84A*,
84B*, 1 07A*, 1 07C*, 1 07D*, 1 08A* ,
1 08B*, 1 08C, 1 09A*, 1 09B*, 1 09C*,
1 09D*, 1 1 0A*, 1 1 0B*, 1 1 0C*, 1 1 0D*,
1 1 1 A* , 1 1 1 C* , 1 1 1 D* , 1 40B*, 1 41 A* ,
1 42B, 1 43A* , 1 68D*, 1 70B, 1 95C, 1 96D,
22 1 A* , 221 B, 222A* , 246B* , 269C*
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal
scrub / sandy or gravelly; elevation 70-8 1 0
meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms February­
September.
Many historical occurrences extirpated;
need current i nformation on status of
occurrences. lntergrades with other sspp.;
populations representing true ssp. puberu­
la declini ng. See Pittonia 1 : 1 02 ( 1 887) for
origi nal description, and Lloydia 1 :87-88
( 1 938) for revised nomenclature.
1 85
Horkelia cuneata Li n d i . ssp. sericea
(Gray) Keck
" Kellogg's horkelia" Rosaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Alameda*, Mari n * , Monterey, Santa Bar­
bara, Santa Cruz, San Francisco*, San
Luis Obispo, San Mateo
1 70B*, 1 71 A, 1 71 D, 1 96A*, 1 96B*,
1 96D*, 220C, 221 D, 247D*, 271 D,
293C, 36SB, 36SC, 366A, 366C*, 366D,
386C* , 387B*, 408C, 408D, 409D, 448B,
46SC*, 466C* , 466D* , 467D*, 48SC*
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral
( m ariti me), coastal scrub / sandy or grav­
el ly, openi ngs; elevation 1 0-200 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-September.
H istorical occurrences need field surveys.
Threatened by coastal development.
Occurrence from the Crocker Hills proba­
bly last remai ning location in San Fran­
cisco Bay. Remai ning plants less distinct
from ssp. cuneata than those formerly
occurring near San Francisco.
Horkelia fusca ssp. tenella
Considered but rejected: too common
Horkelia hendersonii Howe l l
"Henderson's horkelia" Rosaceae
Llst 1 B / RED 3-3-2
Siskiyou; Oregon
73SB
Upper montane coniferous forest
(gran itic); elevation 2000-2300 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-August.
Known in Cal iforn ia from only one occur­
rence. Endangered in Oregon .
Horkelia hispidula Ryd b.
"White Mou ntains horkelia" Rosaceae
Llst 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
I nyo, Mono
41 2B, 43 1 B, 43 1 C, 43 1 D
Alpine dwarf scrub, Great Basin scrub,
subal pine coniferous forest; elevation
3000-3400 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-August.
See North American Flora 22:278 ( 1 908)
for original description.
1 86 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Horkelia marinensis ( El mer) Cru m
" Point Reyes horkel ia" Rosaceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-3
Mendoci no, Marin, Santa Cruz, San
Mateo
387E, 408C?, 408D, 448C, 485C, 502C,
537C, 537D, 568B, 569A, 585A, 585D
Coastal dunes, coastal prarie, coastal
scrub / sandy; elevation 5-350 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-September.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Populations from near Ft. Bragg,
Mendocino Cou nty may be varietally dis­
tinct. Historical occurrences need field
surveys. Threatened by non-native plants
and residential development. See System­
atic Botany 1 8( 1 ) : 1 37-1 44 ( 1 993) for dis­
tributional information.
Horkelia parryi Greene
" Parry's horkelia" Rosaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3
Amador, Calaveras, El Dorado, Mariposa
439A, 439B, 476A, 477B, 494C, 495A,
509B, 509D, 5 1 0A
Chaparral, cismontane woodland / espe­
cially lone formation; elevation 80-1 035
meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Potentially threatened by clay m i n i ng.
Horkelia rydbergii
Considered but rejected: too common
Horkelia sericata Wats.
" Howe l l 's horkelia" Rosaceae
List 4 I RED 1 - 1 - 1
Del Norte, H u m boldt?; Oregon
Chaparral, lower montane con iferous
forest / serpentinite, clay; elevation
60-1 200 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Does plant occur in Hu mboldt County?
Horkelia tenuiloba (Torr. ) Gray
"thi n-lobed horkel ia" Rosaceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Mendocino, Mari n, Sonoma
467A, 467B, 502A, 502B, 5 1 8B, 5 1 8C,
520D, 536C, 537B, 537C, 537D
Broadleaved u pland forest, chaparral /
mesic openi ngs, sandy; elevation 50-500
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Historical occu rrences need field su rveys.
See Report ofthe Pacific Railroad Expedition
4( 5):84 ( 1 857) for original description,
and Systematic Botany 1 8( 1 ): 1 3 7-1 44
( 1 993) for taxonomic treatment.
Horkelia truncata Ryd b.
" Ramona horkelia" Rosaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-2
San Diego; Baja Californ ia
20B, 20C, 2 1 A, 34A, 34B, 34D, 35B,
49D, 5 1 A, 5 1 B
Chaparral, cismontane woodland / clay;
elevation 400- 1 300 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J une.
Known i n California from fewer than
twenty occurrences. Possibly threatened
by chaparral management.
Horkelia tularensis U .T. H owe l l )
M u nz
" Kern Plateau horkelia" Rosaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
Tu lare
306B, 306C, 307D
Upper montane coniferous forest
( rocky); elevation 2300-2875 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
Known from approximately ten occur­
rences. Potentially threatened by mi ning
and recreation. Protected i n part i n Baja
California (USFS) which incl udes the
type locality. See Leaflets ofWestern Botany
1 0( 1 3 ):254-255 ( 1 966) for original
description.
Horkelia wilderae Parish
" Barton Flats horkelia" Rosaceae
List 18 / RED 3-3-3
San Bernardino
1 05A, 1 05B
Chaparral (edges), lower montane conif­
erous forest, upper montane coniferous
forest; elevation 1 830-3000 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-September.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences
in the Barton Flats area. Threatened by
logging and recreational activities. See
Botanical Gazette 38:460 ( 1 904) for origi­
nal description.
Horkelia yadonii B. Ertter
"Santa Lucia horkelia" Rosaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Monterey, Santa Barbara, San Lu is
Obispo
J
Broad leaved upland forest, chaparral,
cismontane woodland, meadows and
seeps, riparian wood land / granitic,
sandy; elevation 300- 1 900 meters.
Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
April-July.
Possibly threatened by vehicles and recre­
ational activities. Confused with H. cunea­
ta ssp. sericea, H. rydbergii, and H. tenuiloba.
See Systematic Botany 1 8( 1 ): 1 39 ( 1 993) for
original descri ption.
Horkeliella congdonis
Considered but rejected: too common
Horkeliella purpurascens
Considered but rejected: too common
Horsfordia alata (Wats. ) Gray
" p i n k velvet-mal low" Malvaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -1
I m perial, Riverside; Arizona, Baja Cal ifor­
nia, Sonora (Mexico)
Sonoran desert scrub ( rocky); elevation
1
1 00-500 meters.
Shrub, blooms February-Decem ber.
>
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Arts and Sciences 20:356 ( 1 885) for origi­
nal description and 2 2 : 297 ( 1 887) for
revised nomenclature.
Horsfordia newberryi (Wats. ) Gray
"Newberry's velvet-mallow" Malvaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -1
I m perial, Riverside, San Diego; Arizona,
Baja California, Sonora (Mexico)
Sonoran desert scrub ( rocky); elevation
3-800 meters.
Shrub, blooms February-December.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Arts and Sciences 1 1 : 1 25 ( 1 876) for origi­
nal description and 22:297 ( 1 887) for
revised nomenclature.
Howellia aquatilis Gray
"water howell ia" Cam pan u laceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Federal Threatened
Mendocino; Idaho, Oregon * , Washing­
ton, and elsewhere
597B, 598A
Marshes and swamps (freshwater);
elevation 1 085-1 290 meters.
Ann ual herb (Aquatic), blooms J une.
l C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Rediscovered i n California in 1 996 by D.
Isle and D. Efseaff; now known i n Califor­
nia from five extant occurrences. Previ­
ously known in California from only a
single collection near Howard Lake i n
1 928; where possibly extirpated by cattle
grazing and tram pling. Threatened by
hydrological alteration , grazi ng, and
trampling. Endangered i n Idaho and Ore­
gon, and state-listed as Threatened i n
Washi ngton. Inadvertently omitted from
TheJepson Manual. See Proceedings ofthe
American Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 5 :43
( 1 879) for original descri ption, Wasmann
Journal ofBiology 33:90-91 ( 1 975) for the
California record , Conservation Biology
2(3 ):275-282 ( 1 988) for ecological
information, and Fremontia 25:3 ( 1 997)
for account of rediscovery.
Hulsea brevifolia Gray
"short-leaved h u lsea" Asteraceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Fresno, Madera, Mariposa, Tu lare,
Tuolumne
354A, 374C, 396A, 396B, 41 6C, 41 7B,
41 8A, 435D, 437A, 437B, 437C, 437D,
454C, 45SC, 4550
Lower montane coniferous forest, upper
montane coniferous forest / gran itic or
volcanic, gravelly or sandy; elevation
1 500-3200 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
Threatened by vehicles, logging, and road
mai ntenance. See Proceedings ofthe Ameri­
can Academy ofArts and Sciences 7:359
( 1 867) for original descri ption, and Brit­
tonia 27(3):228-244 ( 1 975) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Hulsea califomica T. & G .
"San Diego su nflower" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
San Diego
8B, 8C, 1 9B, 1 9C, 1 9D, 20A, 20C, 20D,
t
33D, 48D, 498, 490
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest, upper montane coniferous forest /
openings and burned areas; elevation
9 1 5-29 1 5 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms Apri l-J u ne.
See Report ofthe Pacific Railroad Expedition
6:77 ( 1 858) for original descri ption, and
Brittonia 27(3):228-244 ( 1 975) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
i
Hulsea inyoensis
See Hu/sea vestita ssp. inyoensis
Hulsea mexicana Ryd b.
"Mexican h u l sea" Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
San Diego; Baja California
7A, 7B
Chaparral (volcanic, often on burns or
disturbed areas); elevation 1 200- 1 200
meters.
Ann ual/perennial herb, blooms
April-J u ne.
Known i n U.S. from only a si ngle collec­
tion near Jacumba on Table Mtn . ; is it
more widespread? Easily confused with
H. californica. See North American Flora
34:41 ( 1 9 1 4) for original description,
and Brittonia 27(3 ):228-244 ( 1 975) for
taxonomic treatment.
Hulsea nana Gray
"little h u lsea" Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 2-1-1
Lassen, Modoc, Shasta, Siskiyou, Tri nity;
Oregon , Washi ngton
62SB, 626A, 644A, 644D, 662C, 662D,
682B?, 698B, 699C, 700C, 700D, 71 3C,
71 3 D, 71 SB
Alpine boulder and rock field, subalpine
coniferous forest / rocky or gravelly, vol­
can ic; elevation 1 920-3355 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
Need quads for Lassen and Modoc coun­
ties. See Report ofthe Pacific Railroad Expedi­
tion 6:76 ( 1 858) for original descri ption,
and Brittonia 27(3):228-244 ( 1 975 ) for
taxonomic treatment.
Hulsea vestita Gray ssp. callicarpha
( Hall) Wi l ken
" beautifu l h u l sea" Asteraceae
List 4 I RED 1-2-3
Riverside, San Diego
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest / rocky or gravel ly, granitic;
elevation 9 1 5-3050 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-October.
lntergrades with H. californica. See Universi-
9' ofCalifornia Publications in Botany 1 : 1 29
( 1 902) for original descri ption, Aliso
7:41 3 ( 1 972) for revised nomenclature,
and Brittonia 27(3 ):228-244 ( 1 975) for
taxonomic treatment.
Hulsea vestita Gray ssp.
gabrielensis Wilken
"San Gabriel Mountains sunfl ower"
Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Los Angeles, San Bernardi no, Ventura
1 87
Lower montane con i ferous forest, upper
montane con iferous forest / rocky;
elevation 1 500-2 500 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
See Madrano 24( 1 ):48-55 ( 1 977) for
original descri ption.
Hulsea vestita Gray ssp. inyoensis
( Keck) Wil ken
" I nyo hu lsea" Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-2
I nyo, Mono; Nevada
304B, 348C, 368A, 369C, 372A, 433C,
433 D, 452C
Chenopod scrub, Great Basin scrub,
pinyon and juniper woodland / rocky;
elevation 1 645-3000 meters.
Peren nial herb, blooms April-J une.
Type locality degraded by grading and
talus removal in 1 989. On watch list in
Nevada. See Aliso 4: 1 01 ( 1 958) for origi­
nal description and 7:41 3 ( 1 972) for
revised nomenclature, and Brittonia 27(3 ) :
228-244 ( 1 975) fo r taxonomic treatment.
Hulsea vestita Gray ssp. parryi
(Gray) Wi l ken
" Parry's sunfl ower" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Kern, Los Angeles, Riverside?, San
Bernard i no, Ventura
Lower montane coniferous forest, pinyon
and j u n i per woodland, upper montane
coniferous forest / rocky, granitic, open­
i ngs; elevation 1 370-2700 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-August.
Does plant occur in Riverside County? See
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
and Sciences 1 2:59 ( 1 876) for original
description, Aliso 7:4 1 3 ( 1 972) for revised
nomenclature, and Brittonia 27(3 ): 228-
244 ( 1 975) for taxonomic treatment.
Hulsea vestita Gray ssp. pygmaea
(Gray) Wi l ken
"pygmy h u l sea" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 2 - 1 -3
I nyo?, Mono, San Bernardino, Tu lare
l OSA, 1 0SC, 1 0S D, 284A, 451 C
Alpine boulder and rock field, subal pine
coniferous forest / granitic, gravelly;
elevation 2835-3900 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J une-October.
Does plant occur in I nyo County? See
Synoptical Flora ofNorth America 1 (2):343
( 1 884) for original description, Aliso
7(4):41 3 ( 1 972) for revised nomencla­
ture, and Brittonia 27(3 ) : 242 ( 1 975) for
taxonomic treatment.
 1

1 88 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Hymenopappus filifolius Hook. var.
nanus ( Ryd b.) Turner
"l ittle cutleaf" Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1
I nyo, Mono; Arizona, Nevada, Oregon,
Utah
370A, 372A, 39 1 C, 392A, 41 2A, 41 2B,
41 2C, 41 2D, 504C
Pinyon and jun iper wood land, su bal pine
coniferous forest / carbonate; elevation
1 500-3050 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-September.
See North American Flora 34:53 ( 1 9 1 4) for
original description, and Rhodora 58:240
( 1 956) for revised nomenclature.
582D, 608C, 640A, 656C, 659C, 661 C,
661 D, 667C, 668D, 673C, 673D, 675C,
675D, 679D, 680B, 681 D, 682D, 69 1 A,
694D, 696C, 696D, 700A, 709A, 71 1 C,
71 6D, 724C, 726C, 726D
Chaparral, pinyon and juniper woodland /
volcanic, often in burned areas; elevation
1 000-2500 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-September.
Threatened by alteration of fire regimes
and grazi ng. Endangered in Oregon . See
Manual ofthe Flowering Plants ofCalifornia,
p. 635 ( 1 925) by W.L. Jepson for original
description, and Contributions from the
Dudley Herbarium 1 :228 ( 1 936) for revi­
sion of nomenclature.
I ris bracteata Wats.
"Siskiyou i ris" lridaceae
List 3 I RED ?-1 -1
Del Norte; Oregon
738A, 738B, 739A, 739B, 739C
Broad leaved upland forest, lower mon­
tane coniferous forest / serpentinite;
elevation 1 80- 1 070 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
May-J u ne.
Move to List 4? Need local ity and abun­
dance i nformation. Hybridizes with other
Iris spp. See Proceedings ofthe American
Academy ofArts and Sciences 20:375 ( 1 885)
for original descri ption.

Hymenothrix wrightii Gray l liamna latibracteata Wiggi ns I ris chrysophylla

"Wright's hymenothrix" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 - 1
San Diego; Arizona, Baja California, New
Mexico, Sonora ( M exico), Texas
Cismontane woodland, lower montane
coniferous forest; elevation 1 400-1 550
meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J une-October.
See Brittonia 1 4: 1 1 3-1 1 5 ( 1 902) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Hymenoxys cooperi var. canescens
Considered but rejected : too common
Hymenoxys lemmonii ( E. Greene)
Cockerell
"alkali hymenoxys" Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Modoc, Plumas, Shasta, Siskiyou; Ari­
zona, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon , Utah
586C, 673A, 698B, 699B, 71 6C, 71 7A,
71 7B, 71 7D
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­
erous forest, meadows and seeps (subal­
kal ine); elevation 240-1 000 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne-August.
Need quads for Shasta County. Threat­
ened by development and agriculture. See
Pittonia 3:272 ( 1 898) for original descrip­
tion, and Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical
Club 3 1 (9):477 ( 1 904) for original
description.
Hystrix californica
See Elymus californicus
lliamna bakeri U eps. ) Wiggi ns
" Baker's globe mallow" Malvaceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-2
Lassen, Mendoci no, Modoc, Shasta, Sis­
kiyou, Tehama, Trin ity; Oregon
"Cal ifornia globe mal low" Malvaceae Considered but rejected: too common
List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -2
Del Norte, Humboldt, Siskiyou; Oregon I ris hartwegii ssp. australis
North Coast coniferous forest (mesic); Considered but rejected : too common
elevation 500-2000 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms June-J u ly. Iris hartwegii Baker ssp.
Endangered in Oregon. columbiana Lenz
"Tuolumne iris" lridaceae
l pomopsis depressa List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Considered but rejected: too common Tuolumne
474B, 475C, 475D
lpomopsis effusa (Gray) Moran Cismontane woodland, lower montane
coniferous forest; elevation 425-1 400
" Baja California i pomopsis" Polemon iaceae
List 2 / RED 3-3-1 meters.
I m perial; Baja California Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
6A
May-J u ne.
Possibly threatened by logging. See Aliso
Chaparral, Sonoran desert scrub (alluvial
4( 1 ):37 ( 1 958) for original description.
fan ) / sandy; elevation 0-1 00 meters.
An nual herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Known in California only from Pinto
Iris innominata Henders.
Wash, along the Mexican border. See "Del Norte County i ris" l ridaceae
Madroiio 24( 3 ) : 1 41 -1 59 ( 1 977) for List 4 / RED 1 -1 - 1
taxonomic treatment, and Aliso 1 1 ( 4 ): Del Norte; Oregon
589-598 ( 1 987) for first California
Lower montane coniferous forest (ser­
record.
penti nite); elevation 300-2000 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
l pomopsis polycladon May-J u ne.
Considered but rejected : too common
See Rhodora 32:23 ( 1 930) for original
descri ption.
lpomopsis tenuifolia (Gray) V.
Grant I ris munzii Foster
"slender-leaved ipomopsis" Polemoniaceae " M u nz's i ris" l ridaceae
List 2 / RED 2- 1 - 1 List 18 / RED 2-1-3
Imperial, San Diego; Baja California Tulare
7A, 7B 308B, 309A, 354D
Chaparral, pi nyon and j u n iper wood­ Cismontane woodland; elevation
land, Sonoran desert scrub / gravelly or 305-800 meters.
rocky; elevation 1 00-1 200 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Perennial herb, blooms March-May. March-Apri l.

See Aliso 4( 1 ) :53-56 ( 1 958) for taxonom­
ic treatment.
Iris tenax Dougl. ssp. klamathensis
Lenz
"Orleans i ris" l ridaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Humboldt, Siskiyou
Lower montane coniferous forest (often
in disturbed areas); elevation 1 00-1 400
meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
April-May.
See Aliso 4( 1 ):64 ( 1 958) for original
descri ption.
lsocoma arguta Greene
"Carq u i n ez golden bush" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Contra Costa, Solano
48 1 A, 48 1 B, 481 D, 498D
Val ley and footh ill grassland (alkaline);
elevation 1 -20 meters.
Shrub, blooms August-December.
Undocumented in Contra Costa Cou nty;
need quads. Probably threatened by devel­
opment and agriculture. See Manual ofthe
Botany ofthe Region ofSan Francisco Bay,
p. 1 75 ( 1 894) by E. Greene for original
description, and Phytologia 70(2 ):69-1 1 4
( 1 991 ) for taxonomic treatment.
lsocoma menziesii ( H . & A. ) G .
N esom var. decumbens (Greene) G.
Nesom
"decumbent golden bush" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
Orange, San Clemente Islan d , Santa
Catal ina Island, San Diego; Baja
California
l OA, 1 0B, l O D, 1 1 A, 1 1 D, 22B, 35B,
36D, 71 D
Chaparral, coastal scrub (sandy, often
in d isturbed areas); elevation 1 0- 1 35
meters.
Shrub, blooms April-November.
Need quads for San Clemente and Santa
Catalina islands. Eq uals Haplopappus vene­
tus ssp. furfuraceus, a synonym of I. men­
ziesii var. menziesii in TheJepson Manual. See
Leaflets ofBotanical Observation and Criticism
1 : 1 72 ( 1 906) for original description,
and Phytologia 70( 2):69- 1 1 4 ( 1 991 ) for
taxonomic treatment.
C N P S I N V E N TORY O F RA R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS
lsocoma menziesii ( H . & A. ) G .
N esom var. diabolica G . N esom
"Satan's golden bush" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
San Benito, Santa Clara
Cismontane woodland; elevation 1 5-400
meters.
Shrub, blooms August-October.
Not in TheJepson Manual. See Phytologia
70(2 ):69-1 1 4 ( 1 99 1 ) for original
descri ption.
lsoetes bolanderi var. pygmaea
Considered but rejected: too common
l soetes howellii
Considered but rejected: too common
lsoetes nuttallii
Considered but rejected: too com mon
lsoetes orcuttii
Considered but rejected: too common
Iva acerosa ( N utt.) R. J ackson
"copperwort" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
I nyo; Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico,
Utah, and elsewhere
Meadows and seeps (al kal ine), playas
(sal ine); elevation 1 50-900 meters.
Shrub, blooms May-December.
See University ofKansas Scientific Bulletin
41 : 793-876 ( 1 960) for revised nomen­
clature.
Iva hayesiana Gray
"San Diego marsh-elder" Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
San Diego; Baja California
1 0A, l OB, l OC, l OD, 1 1 A, 1 1 D, 22A,
22B, 35C
Marshes and swamps, playas; elevation
1 0-500 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-September.
Threatened by waterway channel ization
and coastal development.
Iva nevadensis Jones
"Nevada wormwood" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
I nyo, Mono; Nevada
Chenopod scrub, Great Basin scrub,
pinyon and juni per wood land / alkal i ne,
sandy; elevation 1 000-2000 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-October.
1 89
See American Naturalist 1 7:973 ( 1 883) for
original description.
lvesia aperta Q .T. H owe l l ) Munz
var. aperta
"Sierra Valley ivesia" Rosaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-2
Lassen, Plumas, Sierra; Nevada
570B, 5 70D, 5 7 1 A, 571 B, 571 D, 586B,
587C, 587D, 602C, 603D
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­
erous forest, meadows and seeps, pi nyon
and juniper woodland, vernal pools / ver­
nally mesic, usually volcanic; elevation
1 480-2300 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms June-September.
Threatened by residential development,
agriculture, grazing, and vehicles. I nterim
management guide prepared by USFS in
1 992. Threatened in Nevada. See Leaflets of
Western Botany 9(1 5 ): 239 ( 1 962) for origi­
nal description, and Brittonia 40( 4 ):
398-399 ( 1 988) for revised nomenclature.
lvesia aperta Q .T. Howe l l ) M u nz
var. canina B. Ertter
" Dog Valley ivesia" Rosaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Sierra
5 70D
Lower montane coniferous forest (open­
i ngs), meadows and seeps (xeric) / vol­
canic, rocky; elevation 1 600-2000 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms j u ne-August.
Known only from Dog Val ley. Threatened
by reservoir and recreation development,
and possibly by vertical use and grazi ng.
I nterim management gu ide prepared by
USFS in 1 992. See Brittonia 40(4):398
( 1 988) for original description.
lvesia argyrocoma ( Ryd b. ) Ryd b.
"si lver-haired ivesia" Rosaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
San Bernard i no; Baja California
1 04B, 1 05A, 1 05B, 1 26D, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 l D,
1 32C, 1 32 D
Meadows and seeps (alkal ine), pebble
(pavement) plain, upper montane conifer­
ous forest; elevation 1 495-2680 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u n e-August.
Threatened by development, grazing, and
vehicles. Populations in Baja Cal ifornia
possi bly taxonomical ly distinct.
1 90 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
lvesia arizon ica (J .T. H owe l l ) B .
Ertter var. arizonica
"yellow ivesia" Rosaceae
List 3 / RED ?-?-1
I nyo; Arizona, Nevada, Utah
3680
Pinyon and j u n i per wood land, su bal pine
con iferous forest, upper montane conif­
erous forest / carbonate, rocky; elevation
1 200-3 1 00 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
Move to List 2? Precise location, rarity,
and endangerment i nformation needed.
lvesia baileyi Wats. var. baileyi
"Bailey's ivesia" Rosaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Lassen, Plumas; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon
586B, 586C, 5860, 587A, 6020, 620B,
620C
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­
erous forest / volcanic, rocky; elevation
1 340-2600 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
Known in California from fewer than
ten occurrences. See Madrofio 3 2 ( 2 ) : 1 23
( 1 985) for d i scussion of Californ ia
occurrences.
lvesia baileyi Wats. var. beneolens
( Nelson &J . F. Macbr. ) B. Ertter
"Owyhee ivesia" Rosaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon
7080
Pinyon and j u n i per woodland, upper
montane coniferous forest / volcanic,
rocky; elevation 2 1 50 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms June.
Known in California from only three
occurrences in the Warner Mtns. See
Botanical Gazette 55:374 ( 1 9 1 3) for original
description, and Systematic Botany 1 4:23 1 -
244 ( 1 989) for revised nomenclature.
lvesia callida ( Hall) Ryd b.
"Tahqu itz ivesia" Rosaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-3
State Rare
Riverside
83C
Upper montane con iferous forest
(granitic, rocky); elevation 241 0-2450
meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ly-September.
Rediscovered in 1 980 by K. Berg, M.
Hamilton, and T. Krantz; known from only
two occurrences in the San Jacinto Wilder­
ness Area. See University ofCalifornia Publica­
tions in Botany 1 :86 ( 1 902) for original
description, and Fremontia 1 1 ( 1 ): 1 3-1 5
( 1 983) for discussion of rediscovery.
lvesia campestris (Jones) Ryd b.
"field ivesia" Rosaceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Fresno, I nyo, Tulare
306A, 306B, 307A, 329A, 329B, 329C,
330A, 330B, 3300, 33 1 A, 331 B, 33 1 C,
353B, 354A, 354B, 374A
Meadows and seeps (edges), subalpine
coniferous forest, u pper montane conifer­
ous forest; elevation 1 975-3350 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms June-August.
Threatened by grazi ng. See Proceedings of
the California Academy ofSciences I I 5 : 679
( 1 895) for original descri ption, and North
American Flora 2 2 :285 ( 1 908) for revised
nomenclature.
lvesia corymbosa
See Jvesia paniculata
lvesia jaegeri M u nz &Jtn.
"Jaeger's ivesia" Rosaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-2
San Bernard ino; Nevada
2490
Pinyon and jun iper woodland, upper
montane coniferous forest / carbonate,
rocky; elevation 1 830-3600 meters.
Perenn ial herb, bloomsJune-J u ly.
Known in California from only two occur­
rences near Clark Mtn. On watch l ist i n
Nevada.
lvesia kingii Wats. var. kingii
"alka l i ivesia" Rosaceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-2
I nyo, Mono; Nevada, Utah
41 3A, 41 3B, 432C, 434A, 45 1 A, 451 B,
451 0
Great Basin scrub, meadows and seeps,
playas / mesic, alkal ine, clay; elevation
1 200-2 1 30 meters.
Peren nial herb, bloomsJune-August.
Known in Cal iforn ia from fewer than ten
occurrences. Threatened by vehicles, and
possibly by grazing.
lvesia longibracteata B. Ertter
"Castle Crags ivesia" Rosaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-3
Shasta
682A
Lower montane coniferous forest
(granitic, rocky); elevation 1 200-1 400
meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne.
Known only from Castle Crags. See Sys­
tematic Botany 1 4:233 ( 1 989) for original
description.
lvesia muirii
Considered b u t rejected : too common
lvesia paniculata T.W. Nelson &J . P.
Nelson
"Ash Creek ivesia" Rosaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3
Lassen
659A, 675A, 675C, 676C, 6760
Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and jun iper
woodland, u pper montane coniferous
forest / volcanic, rocky or gravel ly;
elevation 1 500-1 950 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne-August.
Known only from the Ash Valley region.
Threatened by road maintenance, log­
ging, trampling, and grazing. Protected i n
part a t Ash Valley RNA (BLM ) . See Britto­
nia 33( 2 ): 1 65-1 67 ( 1 98 1 ) for original
descri ption, and Fremontia 1 6( 1 ) : 1 5- 1 7
( 1 988) for brief species account and
BLM management plans.
lvesia patellifera (J .T. Howe l l ) B.
Ertter
" Ki ngston Mou ntains ivesia" Rosaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1 -3
San Bernard i no
2 50B, 2 74C, 274D
Pinyon and juniper wood land (granitic,
rocky); elevation 1 400-21 00 meters.
Perennial herb, bloom s J u ne-October.
See Leaflets of Western Botany 4: 1 73 ( 1 945)
for original description, and Systematic
Botany 1 4(2):231 -244 ( 1 989) for revised
nomenclature.
lvesia pickeringii Gray
"Pickering's ivesia" Rosaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Siskiyou, Tri nity
683B, 6830, 699B, 700A, 700C, 70 1 D

Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps / mesic, clay, usually ser­
pentin ite seeps; elevation 800- 1 500
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-August.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Threatened by grazi ng, logging,
m i n i ng, and road maintenance. Klamath
NF has adopted species management
guideli nes. See Proceedings ofthe American
Academy ofArts and Sciences 6:531 ( 1 865)
for original description.
lvesia purpurascens ssp.
purpurascens
Considered but rejected: too common; a
synonym of Horkeliella purpurascens
lvesia pygmaea
Considered but rejected: too common
lvesia sericoleuca ( Ryd b.) Ryd b.
" Pl u mas ivesia" Rosaceae
List 1 8 / RED 1 -2-3
Lassen, Nevada, Placer, Plumas, Sierra
554A, 5 54B, 554C, 554D, 555A, 570C,
570D, 571 B, 571 C, 571 D, 572D, 586B,
587B, 587C, 587D, 588A, 602C, 603C,
603D, 622D
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­
erous forest, meadows and seeps, vernal
pools / vernally mesic, usually volcanic;
elevation 1 465-2200 meters.
Peren nial herb, blooms May-September.
Threatened by development, grazing, and
vehicles. I nterim management guide pre­
pared by the USFS in 1 992.
lvesia unguiculata Gray
"Yosem ite ivesia" Rosaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Fresno, Madera, Mariposa
Meadows and seeps, su bal pine conifer­
ous forest, u pper montane coniferous
forest; elevation 1 500-2925 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-September.
Threatened by grazing, tram pling, and
vehicles.
lvesia webberi Gray
"Webber's ivesia" Rosaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2
Lassen, Pl umas, Sierra; Nevada
5 70A, 570B*, 570D, 586A, 586C,
589B*, 605C*
C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Great Basin scrub (volcanic ash), lower
montane coniferous forest, pi nyon and
juniper woodland / sandy or gravel ly;
elevation 1 000-2075 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J uly.
Known from fewer than fifteen occur­
rences over its range; known in California
from only Sierra and Dog valleys. Threat­
ened by vehicles, and potentially by devel­
opment and grazing. On watch list i n
Nevada. See Proceedings ofthe American
Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 0: 71 ( 1 8 74)
for original description.
Jamesia americana T. & G var.
rosea C. Sch neider
" rosy-petal led cliffbush" Phi ladelphaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Fresno, I nyo, Mono, Tu lare; Nevada
Alpine boulder and rock field, Great
Basin scrub, pi nyon and juni per wood­
land, subal pine coniferous forest /
gran itic or carbonate, rocky; elevation
2250-3 700 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms May­
September.
Scanered but never abundant. See Britto­
nia 41 ( 4):335-350 ( 1 989) for taxonomic
treatment.
Jensia yosemitana (Gray) B.G.
Baldwi n
"Yosem ite tarplant" Asteraceae
List 3 / RED ?-2-3
Amador, Fresno, Madera?, Mariposa,
Tulare, Tuolumne
353C, 397C, 397D, 41 9B, 43 6B, 437A,
455A, 455B, 455D, 456A, 490D, 492A
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps; elevation 1 200-2300
meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ly.
Move to List 4? Easily overlooked; location
and rarity information needed. Does plant
occur in Madera County? A synonym of
Madiayosemitana in TheJepson Manual. See
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
and Sciences 1 7: 2 1 9 ( 1 881 -2) for original
description, and Novon 9:462-471 ( 1 999)
for revised nomenclature.
Jepsonia heterandra Eastw.
"footh i l l j epsonia" Saxifragaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Amador, Calaveras, El Dorado, Mari­
posa, Stanislaus, Tuolumne
Cismontane woodland, lower montane
coniferous forest / rocky, metamorphic;
elevation 50-500 meters.
1 91
Perennial herb, blooms August-December.
See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
3 2 : 2 0 1 ( 1 905) for original descri ption,
and Brittonia 2 1 :286-298 ( 1 969) for tax­
onomic treatment.
Jepsonia malvaefolia
Seejepsonia malvifolia
Jepsonia malvifolia (Greene) Small
"island j epsonia" Saxifragaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
San Clemente Island, Santa Catalina
Island, Santa Cruz Island, San Nicolas
Island, Santa Rosa Island; Guadalupe
Island (Mexico)
Chaparral, coastal scrub; elevation
1 5-1 000 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms August-January.
Threatened by erosion, grazing, and feral
herbivores. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical
Club 9 : 1 21 ( 1 882) for original description
and 23: 1 9 ( 1 896) for revised nomencla­
ture, and Brittonia 21 :286-298 ( 1 969) for
taxonomic treatment.
Jepsonia parryi
Considered but rejected: too common
Juglans californica Wats.
"Southern California black wal n ut"
J uglandaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, Santa
Barbara, San Bernard ino, San Diego,
Ventura
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal
scru b / alluvial; elevation 50-900 meters.
Tree (deciduous), blooms March-May.
Walnut forest is a much fragmented,
declining natural community, rare in
Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and
San Diego counties. Threatened by urban­
ization and grazing, and possibly by lack
of natural reproduction. A synonym of}.
californica var. californica i n TheJepson Manu­
al. See Proceedings ofthe American Academy
ofArts and Sciences 1 0:349 ( 1 875) for origi­
nal description, and Southern California
Botanists Special Publication No. 3, pp. 42-54
( 1 990) for additional information.
Juglans californica var. californica
See}uglans californica
J uglans californica var. hindsii
Seejuglans hindsii
1 92 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Juglans hindsii (J e ps. ) J eps.
" Northern Californ ia black wal n ut"
J uglandaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Contra Costa, Napa, Sacramento*,
Solano* , Yolo*
465D, 480A* , 480B*, 499B
Riparian scrub, riparian woodland ;
elevation 0-440 meters.
Tree (deciduous), blooms April-May.
Only two of three native stands are sti ll
extant. Widely natural ized in cismontane
California. Threatened by urbanization
and conversion to agriculture. Formerly
cultivated as rootstock forj. regia, with
which it hybridizes readily. A synonym of).
californica var. hindsii in The Jepson Manual.
See Flora ofCalifornia 1 (2 ):365 ( 1 909) by
W.L. Jepson for original description, and
Madrano 1 7( 1 ): 1 -32 ( 1 963) for d iscussion
oforigin .
Juncus abjectus
Seejuncus hemiendytus var. abjectus
Juncus acutus L. ssp. leopoldii
( Parl . ) Snog.
"southwestern spiny rush " J u n caceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
I m perial?, Los Angeles, Orange, Santa
Barbara, San Diego, San Luis Obispo,
Ventura; Arizona?, Baja Cali forn ia, and
elsewhere
Coastal du nes (mesic), meadows and
seeps (alkaline seeps), marshes and
swamps (coastal salt); elevation 3-900
meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
May-J u ne.
Threatened by urban ization and flood
control.
Juncus acutus var. sphaerocarpos
Seejuncus acutus ssp. leopoldii
Juncus articulatus
Considered but rejected: too common
Juncus bufonius var. congdonii
Considered but rejected: a synonym of).
bufonius var. congestus; a common taxon
Juncus chlorocephalus
Considered but rejected: too common
Juncus cooperi Enge l m .
"Cooper's rush" J u n caceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
Imperial, I nyo, Riverside, San Bernard ino,
San Diego; Nevada
Meadows and seeps ( mesic, alkaline or
saline); elevation 260-1 770 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-August.
Possibly threatened by hydrologic alter­
ations and grazi ng. See Transactions ofthe
Academy ofScience ofSt. Louis 2 : 590 ( 1 868)
for origi nal descri ption.
Juncus cyperoides
Considered but rejected : not native
Juncus diffusissimus
Considered but rejected: not native
Juncus dudleyi Wieg.
" D u d l ey's rush" J u ncaceae
List 2 I RED 3-1-1
Siskiyou, Tri nity; Arizona, Oregon, and
elsewhere
649B, 73 6C
Lower montane coniferous forest
( mesic) ; elevation 455-2000 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
Need local ity i nformation . Confused with
j. tenuis.
Juncus duranii Ewan
" Du ran's rush" J u n caceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernard ino
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps, upper montane conifer­
ous forest / mesic; elevation 1 800-2750
meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
J u ly-August.
Juncus falcatus var. falcatus
Considered but rejected: too common
Juncus hemiendytus F.J . H erm . var.
abjectus (F.J . Herm . ) B. Ertter
"Center Basin rush " J u ncaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
Alpine, Lassen, Mono, Nevada, Plu mas,
Shasta, Sierra, Tulare, Tuolumne; Idaho,
Nevada, Oregon
Meadows and seeps, subal pine conifer­
ous forest / mesic; elevation 1 400-3400
meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
On review list in Idaho and Oregon . See
Memoirs ofthe New York Botanical Garden
39 :72-78 ( 1 986) for revised treatment.
Juncus leiospermus F.J . H erm . var.
ahartii B. Ertter
"Ah art's dwarf rush" J u ncaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Butte, Calaveras, Placer, Sacramento,
Yuba
477C, 5 1 1 C* , 5 1 2D, 528A, 559C, 560A,
560B, 560D
Val ley and footh ill grassland ( mesic);
elevation 30- 1 00 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Known from only six occurrences. Threat­
ened by development. See Memoirs ofthe
New York Botanical Garden 39 :49 ( 1 986)
for original description.
Juncus leiospermus F.J . Herm. var.
leiospermus
" Red Bl uff dwarf rush" J u ncaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
Butte, Shasta, Tehama
560D, 576A, 576D, 592B, 593A, 593D,
595A, 595D, 61 0B, 61 1 A, 6 1 1 B, 6 1 1 D,
6 1 2A, 628A, 628B, 628C, 629B, 629C,
646C, 647D, 662B, 679C
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, mead­
ows and seeps, valley and foothi l l grass­
land, vernal pools / vernally mesic;
elevation 35- 1 020 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Threatened by development, industrial
forestry, and agriculture. See Leaflets of
Western Botany 5: 1 1 3 ( 1 948) for original
descri ption, and Memoirs ofthe New York
Botanical Carden 39:46-5 1 ( 1 986) for
revised treatment.
Juncus marginatus Rostkov var.
marginatus
" red-anthered rush" J u ncaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Nevada; Arizona, and elsewhere
541 B
Marshes and swamps; elevation 1 000
meters.
Perennial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
July.
Distribution poorly documented; to be
expected elsewhere i n California.
 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS 1 93

Juncus mertensianus var. duranii Kallstroemia californica Meadows and seeps ( mesic), vernal
Seejuncus duranii Considered but rejected: too common pools; elevation 1 5-600 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-June.
Juncus nodosus L. Kobresia bellardii (Al l . ) Degl. Threatened by agriculture, urbanization,
and grazing. See Bulletin ofthe California
"knotted rush" J u ncaceae "seep kobresia" Cyperaceae Academy ofSciences 2( 6): 1 5 1 ( 1 887) for
List 2 / RED 2-1-1 List 2 / RED 3-1 - 1 original descri ption, and Americanjournal
I nyo, San Bernard i no, Tu lare; and Mono; Idaho, Oregon, a n d elsewhere ofBotany 56(9): 1 042-1 047 ( 1 969) for
elsewhere 434C, 434D, 471 D i nformation on origin and relationships.
249D, 325C, 41 2 D Alpine boulder and rock field ( mesic),
Meadows and seeps ( mesic), marshes meadows and seeps (carbonate), sub­ Lasthenia conjugens Greene
and swamps (lake margins); elevation alpine coniferous forest; elevation "Contra Costa goldfields" Asteraceae
1 1 30-1 980 meters. 2955-3230 meters. List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Federal Endangered
J uly-Septem ber. August.
Alameda, Contra Costa, Mendoci no*,
Need quads for Tu lare County. Known in California only from two occur­ Monterey, Napa, Santa Barbara*, Santa
rences. On review list in Idaho, and Clara*, Solano
endangered in Oregon. See Madrano
Juncus regelii Buch. 1 42A*, 1 43A* , 366D, 427B, 427D*,
1 7( 4):93-1 09 ( 1 964) and 40( 1 ):66-67
" Regel's rush " J u ncaceae ( 1 993) for fi rst and second California 447D*, 463C*, 465A*, 48 1 B, 481 D,
reports respectively. 482A, 482C, 483A, 498C, 499 B*,
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
499C* , 499D, 500D, 5 1 7D*, 537B*
Siskiyou, Tri n ity; Oregon, Washington,
and elsewhere Cismontane woodland , playas (alkaline),
Kobresia myosuroides valley and footh i l l grassland, vernal
667C, 738C, 738D See Kobresia bellardii pools / mesic; elevation 0-470 meters.
Meadows and seeps, upper montane Annual herb, blooms March-June.
coniferous forest / mesic; elevation Koeberlinia spinosa Zucc. ssp.
760-1 900 meters. Known from approximately twelve occur­
tenuispina ( Kearn . & Peebles) E. rences. Many historical occurrences extir­
Perennial herb (rhizomatous), blooms Murray pated by development and agricu lture;
August. also threatened by overgrazing and non­
"crown-of-thorns" Koeberl in i aceae
native plants. See Pittonia 1 : 2 2 1 ( 1 888)
List 2 / RED 3-2-1 for original description.
Juncus supiniformis Enge l m .
Imperial; Arizona, Sonora (Mexico), and
"hair-leaved rush" J u n caceae elsewhere
List 2 / RED 2-2-2 Lasthenia coronaria
1 2 B, 27A, 2 7B, 42C, 43D
Del Norte, Humboldt, Mendocino; Ore­ Considered but rejected : too common
Riparian wood land, Sonoran desert
gon, and elsewhere
scrub; elevation 1 50-5 1 0 meters.
569A, 569D
Shrub (deciduous), blooms May-Ju ly.
Lasthenia ferrisiae Orn d .
Bogs and fens, marshes and swamps "Ferris's gol d fields" Asteraceae
Known in California from fewer than ten
( freshwater) / near coast; elevation List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
occurrences. Threatened by m i n i ng.
20- 1 00 meters.
Alameda, Butte, Contra Costa, Colusa,
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms Fresno, Kings, Kern, Merced, Monterey,
April-J u ne. Lagophylla minor San Benito, San Joaquin, San Luis Obispo,
Need quads for Del Norte and Humboldt Considered but rejected: too common Solano, Stanislaus, Tu lare, Ventura, Yolo
counties. See Transactions ofthe Academy of Vernal pools (alkal i ne, clay); elevation
Science ofSt. Louis 2 :461 ( 1 868) for origi­ Larrea tridentata var. arenaria 20-700 meters.
nal descri ption. Considered but rejected: a synonym of L. Annual herb, blooms February-May.
tridentata; a common taxon Threatened by development and agricul­
Juncus tenuis var. dudleyi ture. See University ofCalifornia Publications
Seejuncus dudleyi Lasthenia burkei (Greene) Greene in Botany 40:74 ( 1 966) for original
description.
" Bu rke's goldfields" Asteraceae
Juniperus communis var. jackii List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Considered but rejected : a synonym of). State Endangered/Federal
communis; a common taxon Endangered
Lake, Mendocino, Sonoma
J uniperus communis var. montana 502A, 5 1 8A, 5 1 8D, 533A, 533B, 550B
Considered but rejected: a synonym of).
communis; a common taxon
1 94 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Lasthenia glabrata Li n d i . ssp.
coulteri (Gray) Ornduff
"Cou lter's goldfields" Asteraceae
List 1 8 I RED 2-3-2
Kern * , Los Angeles*, Orange, Riverside,
Santa Barbara, San Bernardino*, San
Diego, San Luis Obispo, Santa Rosa
Island, Tulare?, Ventura; Baja California
1 1 A, 1 1 D, 22B, 22C, 36B, 36D, SOB,
68C, 68D, 69A, 7 1 B*, 71 0, 72A*, 84C?,
85A, 85C, 85D, 86B, 88C*, 89A*, 89D*,
90A*, 90B*, 90D*, 1 02A*, 1 1 0A*,
1 1 0B*, 1 1 4B, 1 1 4D, 1 41 0, 1 42A, 1 42B,
1 43A, 1 7 1 A, 2 1 2A*, 2 1 2B*, 2 1 2C*,
2 1 7D, 2 1 8A, 247D, SROE, SRON
Marshes and swamps (coastal salt),
playas, vernal pools; elevation 1 -1 220
meters.
Annual herb, blooms February-J u ne.
Known to have decli ned significantly by
1 966; seriously threatened by urbaniza­
tion and agricultural development. Does
plant occur in Tulare County? See Synopti­
cal Flora ofNorth America 1 ( 2):324 ( 1 884)
for original description, and University of
California Publications in Botany 40: 1 -92
( 1 966) for taxonomic treatment.
Lasthenia glabrata
ssp. coulteri
Lasthenia leptalea (Gray) Ornduff Lathyrus biflorus T.W. Nelson & J . P.
"Sal i n as Valley goldfield s" Asteraceae N elson
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3 "two-flowered pea" Fabaceae
Kern, Monterey, San Luis Obispo List 18 / RED 3-3-3
Cismontane woodland, valley and Hu mboldt
foothi ll grassland; elevation 60-1 065 634A
meters.
Lower montane coniferous forest (ser­
Annual herb, blooms Apri l . pentinite ); elevation 1 3 70-1 385 meters.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Perennial herb, bloomsJune-August.
Arts and Sciences 6:546 ( 1 865) for original
Known from only one occurrence on Red
descri ption, and University ofCalifornia
Mtn. in the Lassies area. Threatened by
Publications in Botany 40:63-66 ( 1 969) for
logging and grazi ng. See Brittonia 35(2):
revised nomenclature.
1 80-1 83 ( 1 983) for original description.
Lasthenia macrantha (Gray) Greene Lathyrus delnorticus CL H itchc.
ssp. bakeri U T H owell) Ornd.
" Del Norte pea" Fabaceae
" Baker's goldfi elds" Asteraceae List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon
Mendocino, Marin , Sonoma*
Lower montane coniferous forest, North
502A*, 502C*, 5030*, 520D*, 537B, Coast coniferous forest / often serpenti­
537C, 537D* , 553A* , 569A, 569D
nite; elevation 30-1 450 meters.
Closed-cone coniferous forest (open­ Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne-J u ly.
i ngs), coastal scrub; elevation 60-520
meters.
Peren nial herb, blooms April-October.
Lathyrus glandulosus Broich
See Leaflets of Western Botany 1 :7 ( 1 932) "sticky pea" Fabaceae
for original description, and University of List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3
CalifOrnia Publications in Botany 40:62 Humboldt, Mendocino
( 1 966) for revised nomenclature. Cismontane woodland ; elevation
300-800 meters.
Lasthenia macrantha (Gray) Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
Greene ssp. macrantha April-J u ne.
"pere n n ial goldfields" Asteraceae See Madrano 33(2): 1 36-1 43 ( 1 986) for
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3 original descri ption.
Mendocino, Marin, San Luis Obispo, San
Mateo, Sonoma Lathyrus hitchcockianus
2 72A, 409B, 485B, 485C, 502C, 503A, Considered but rejected: not in Cal iforn ia
503D, 520D, 537B, 53 7C, 537D, 552C,
5 53A, 569A, 5690 Lathyrus japonicus Wi l l d .
Coastal bl uff scrub, coastal du nes,
"sand pea" Fabaceae
coastal scrub; elevation 5-520 meters.
List 2 / RED 3-3-1
Peren nial herb, bloomsJanuary­
Del Norte, Hu mboldt; Oregon , Washing­
November.
ton, and elsewhere
Threatened by non-native plants. See
672C, 689A, 723B, 740C
Report ofthe Pacific Railroad Expedition 4: 1 06
( 1 857) for original description, Manual of Coastal dunes; elevation 1 -30 meters.
the Botany ofthe Region ofSan Francisco Bay, Perennial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
p. 205 ( 1 894) by E.L. Greene for revised May-August.
nomenclature, and University ofCalifornia Threatened by non-native plants and
Publications in Botany 40:59-62 ( 1 966) for veh icles.
taxonomic treatment.
Lasthenia minor ssp. maritima
Considered but rejected : a synonym of L.
maritima; a common taxon

Lathyrus jepsonii Greene var.
jepsonii
" Delta tu le pea" Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
l May-September.
Alameda, Contra Costa, Napa, Sacra­
mento, Santa Clara*, San Joaci u i n ,
Solano
427A* , 428A* , 428B*, 446C, 462A,
462B, 463A, 465A* , 465B*, 479B,
479C, 480B, 480C, 480D, 48 1 B, 481 C,
481 D, 482A, 482C, 482D, 483A, 496C,
497C, 497D, 498C, 498D, 500D
Marshes and swamps (freshwater and
brackish ); elevation 0-4 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-September.
Most populations smal l . Threatened by
agriculture, water d iversions, and ero­
sion. See Pittonia 2 : 1 58 ( 1 890) for origi­
nal description.
Lathyrus palustris L.
"marsh pea" Fabaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Del Norte, Humboldt; Oregon, Washi ng­
ton , and elsewhere
6 1 8D, 672C, 689A, 689C, 723B, 740B,
740C
Bogs and fens, coastal prarie, coastal
scrub, lower montane coniferous forest,
marshes and swamps, North Coast
coniferous forest / mesic; elevation
1 - 1 00 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-August.
See University of Washington Publications in
Botany 1 5 : 1 3 ( 1 9 5 2 ) for taxonomic
treatment.
Lathyrus rigid us White
"rigid pea" Fabaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon
673A, 708D, 724C, 725D
Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and jun iper
woodland / often disturbed areas;
elevation 800-1 525 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-Ju ly.
Threatened by grazi ng. See Bulletin ofthe
Torrey Botanical Club 2 1 :455 ( 1 894) for
original description.
Lathyrus splendens Kel l .
"pride-of-California" Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
San Diego; Baja Californ ia
Chaparral; elevation 200-1 525 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms March-J une.
C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Lathyrus sulphureus Gray var.
argillaceus j eps .
" d u bious pea" Fabaceae
List 3 / RED 3-?-3
Nevada?, Placer, Shasta, Tehama
527A, 6300, 647C
Cismontane woodland , lower montane
coniferous forest, u pper montane conif­
erous forest; elevation 1 50-305 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms Apri l .
Move to List 1 B? Location, rarity, and
endangerment i nformation needed; does
plant occur in Nevada County? Fewer
than ten specimens exist i n California
herbaria. Taxonomy poorly understood ;
see L. sulphureus in TheJepson Manual. See
Flora ofCalifornia 2( 1 ):393 ( 1 936) by W.L.
Jepson for original descri ption.
Lathyrus vestitus var. alefeldii
Considered but rejected: too common
Lathyrus vestitus var. ochropetalus
Considered but rejected: too common
Lavatera assurgentiflora Kel l . ssp.
assurgentiflora
"island mallow" Malvaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Anacapa Island, San Miguel Island, San
Nicolas Islan d * , Santa Rosa Island
ANAC, SM IW, SNIC*, SRON
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub / sandy
or rocky; elevation 1 5-245 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms March­
November.
Known from fewer than ten native occur­
rences. Rare at all occurrences, and seri­
ously threatened by grazing; reduced to
one plant on Anacapa Island. One occur­
rence introduced on San Miguel Island
(SMIE); cultivated plants grow on San
Nicolas Island but native occurrence extir­
pated . May not be native to Santa Rosa
Island; plants on mainland, Santa Cruz
Island, and Todos Santos Island. ( BA)
most likely planted. See L. assurgentif/ora i n
TheJepson Manual. See Proceedings ofa Multi­
disciplinary Symposium: The California Islands,
pp. 1 57-1 58 ( 1 980) for species account.
Lavatera assurgentiflora Kel l . ssp.
glabra Phil brick
"southern island mal low" Malvaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
San Clemente Island, Santa Catalina
Island
1 95
SCMC, SCMN, SCMS, SCTN, SCTW
Coastal bluff scrub; elevation 5-220
meters.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms
Known from approxi mately ten native
occurrences. Feral herbivores removed
from San Clemente Island; possi bly sti l l a
threat on Santa Catalina Island . See L.
assurgentif/ora in TheJepson Manual. See Pro­
ceedings ofa Multidisciplinary Symposium: The
California Islands, pp. 1 57-1 58 ( 1 980) for
original descri ption.
Layia carnosa ( N utt. ) T. & G.
"beach layia" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Humboldt, Monterey, Marin, Santa Bar­
bara*, San Francisco*
1 71 A, 1 71 C* , 366C, 466C* , 485B,
485C, 485D, 6370, 654B, 655A, 672A*,
672B, 672C, 689D*, 706D
Coastal du nes, coastal scrub (sandy);
elevation 0-60 meters.
An nual herb, blooms March-July.
Threatened by coastal development, vehi­
cles, and non-native plants. Protected i n
part a t Manila Dunes ACEC and Mattole
Beach ACEC ( both BLM), Humboldt
County.
Layia chrysanthemoides ssp.
maritima
Considered but rejected : a synonym of L.
chrysanthemoides; a common ta.xon
Layia discoidea ( Keck) Keck
"rayless layia" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
Fresno, San Benito
339B, 339C, 339D, 340D
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
montane coniferous forest / serpentin ite,
talus and alluvial terraces; elevation
795-1 585 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May.
Threatened by vehicles, and possibly by
alteration of fire regimes. Simi lar to L.
glandulosa. See Aliso 4: 1 0 1 -1 04 ( 1 9 58) for
original description .
1 96 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Layia heterotricha ( DC.) H. & A.
"pale-yel low layia" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Fresno, Kings*, Kern* , Monterey, Santa
Barbara, San Benito( * ? ), San Lu is Obis-
po*, Ventura
1 65A, 1 65B(*?), 1 66A( * ? ) , 1 66B*,
1 66D*, 1 90C* , 1 90D(*?), 1 9 1 C, 1 9 1 0,
1 92C, 2 1 1 C* , 2 1 2A*, 2 1 2B*, 2 1 2D*,
2 1 7D*, 243A* , 243B*, 244C* , 244D * ,
267B* , 2 9 1 B*, 294B* , 294C* , 295D,
3 1 5A*, 3 1 5C*, 3 1 8A( * ?), 3 1 8B*, 338B,
338C, 339D, 340C*, 362D( * ? )
Cismontane woodland, pinyon and
j u n i per woodland, valley and foothi l l
grassland / alkal ine or clay; elevation
300-1 600 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-June.
Recent searches of h istorical occu rrences
were largely u nsuccessful. Threatened by
agricultural conversion and previous con­
struction of San Antonio Reservoir, and
possibly by overgrazing.
Layia jonesii Gray
"Jones's layia" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Monterey, San Lu is Obispo
22 1 B, 246C, 246D, 247A, 247B, 247D,
294B, 366C
Chaparral, valley and foothi l l grassland /
clay or serpentin ite; elevation 5-400
meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Need current i nformation on distribution
and rarity.
Layia leucopappa Keck
"Comanche Point layia" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Kern
2 1 3C, 2 1 4A, 2 1 4C*, 2 1 4D, 2 1 5D, 239D
Chenopod scrub, valley and foothi l l
grassland; elevation 1 00-350 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-Apri l .
Reduced b y agriculture; also threatened
by development and grazing.
Layia munzii Keck
" M u nz's tidy-tips" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Fresno, Kern, San Lu is Obispo
1 92A, 2 1 7D, 2 1 8A, 243C, 244A, 264A* ,
265A* , 265B, 265C, 265D, 268A, 337A,
359C, 360B, 360C, 38 1 C, 383D
Chenopod scrub, valley and foothi l l
grassland (alkaline clay); elevation
1 50-700 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms March-April.
Historical occurrences need field surveys.
Similar to L. jonesii and L. leucopappa.
Layia septentrionalis Keck
"Colusa layia" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Colusa, Glenn, Lake, Mendoci no, Napa,
Sonoma, Sutter, Tehama, Yolo
5 0 1 A* , 5 1 6A, 5 1 6B, 5 1 6C, 5 1 6D, 5 1 7A,
5 3 1 B, 532A, 532D, 533A, 533B, 534A,
534B, 534D, 535A, 535D, 545A, 546D,
547C, 548A, 548C, 548D, 549C, 549D,
550D, 564A, 564D, 596B
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, valley
and foothi l l grassland / sandy, serpenti­
nite; elevation 1 00- 1 095 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
H istorical occurrences need field surveys.
Threatened by development. See Aliso
4( 1 ) : 1 06 ( 1 958) for original descri ption.
Layia ziegleri
Considered but rejected: a synonym of L.
platyglossa; a common taxon
Legenere limosa (Greene) McVaugh
"legenere" Campanu laceae
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
Lake, Napa, Placer, Sacramento, Shasta,
San Mateo, Solano, Sonoma*, Stanis­
laus*, Tehama
428C, 460C* , 48 1 B, 483A, 495A, 496A,
496B, 4960, 498C*, 498D, 499 D*,
501 D*, 502A, 5 1 1 C, 5 1 2B, 5 1 2 D, 5 28D,
533C, 534A, 595A, 61 0C, 628B, 628D
Vernal pools; elevation 1 -880 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J une.
Many historical occurrences extirpated .
Threatened b y grazing and development.
See Pittonia 2:81 ( 1 890) for original
description, North American Flora 32(1 ) :
1 3-1 4 ( 1 943) for revised nomenclature,
and Wasmannjournal ofBiolol)I 3 3 ( 1 -2 ):9 1
( 1 975) for distributional information.
Lembertia congdonii
See Monolopia congdonii
Lepechinia cardiophylla Epl.
"heart-leaved pitcher sage" Lamiaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-2
Orange, Riverside, San Diego; Baja Cali­
fornia
2 1 B, 69B, 70A, 87C, 87D
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
cismontane woodland; elevation
555-1 3 70 meters.
Shrub, blooms April-J u ly.
Known in California from fewer than ten
occurrences. Threatened by development.
Lepechinia fragrans (Greene) Epl.
"fragrant pitcher sage" Lamiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Los Angeles, Santa Catalina Island, Santa
Cruz Island, Santa Rosa Island , Ventura?
Chaparral; elevation 20- 1 3 1 0 meters.
Shrub, blooms March-October.
Known in the Santa Monica Mtns. from
near Tri unfo Pass, and may cross into
Ventura Cou nty. Threatened in the Santa
Monica Mtns. by urbanization; threat­
ened in the San Gabriel Mtns. by fire
management and habitat alteration.
Lepechinia ganderi Epl.
"Gander's pitcher sage" Lamiaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3 - 1 -2
San Diego; Baja Cal iforn ia
1 0A, 1 0B, 1 0C, 1 0 D
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
coastal scrub, valley and foothill grass­
land / gabbroic or metavolcan ic;
elevation 305- 1 005 meters.
Shrub, blooms J une-J uly.
Known in Cal iforn ia from fewer than ten
occurrences.
Lepidium flavum Torr. var. felipense
C.L. H itchc.
" Borrego Val ley pepper-grass" Brassicaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
San Diego
20A?, 32B, 32C, 33A, 47C
Pinyan and ju niper woodland, Sonoran
desert scrub / sandy; elevation 455-840
meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
Threatened by veh icles. See Madrano 3(7):
299 ( 1 936) for original description.
Lepidium jaredii Bdg. ssp. album
Hoov.
" Panache pepper-grass" Brassicaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Fresno, San Benito, San Luis Obispo
267B, 336A* , 338B*, 339A, 339B,
340A, 362A*, 3620*

Valley and foothill grassland (alluvial
fans, washes); elevation 1 85-275 meters.
Annual herb, blooms February-J u ne.
Threatened by gravel m i n i ng and cattle
grazing. Not in TheJepson Manual. See
Leaffets of Western Botany 1 0:345 ( 1 966)
for original description.
Lepidium jaredii Bdg. ssp. jaredii
!
"Jared's pepper-grass" Brassicaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Kern, San Luis Obispo
2 1 7C, 2 1 8A, 2 1 8B, 267A, 269A*
Val ley and foothill grassland (alkaline,
adobe); elevation 335-1 005 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms March-May.
Known only from near Soda Lake on the
Carrizo Plain (San Luis Obispo County)
and Devil's Den ( Kern County).
Lepidium latipes Hook. var.
heckardii Rol l .
" Heckard's pepper-grass" Brassicaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Glenn, Solano, Yolo
497C, 498D, 5 1 3B, 51 3C, 530C, 562B
Valley and footh ill grassland (alkaline
flats); elevation 1 0-200 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
See Harvard Papers in Botany 4:47
( 1 993) for original description.
Lepidium latipes var. latipes
Considered but rejected : too common
Lepidium nitidum var. howellii
Considered but rejected: a synonym of L.
nitidum; a common taxon
Lepidium virginicum L. var.
robinsonii (The I I . ) H itchc.
" Robi nson's pepper-grass" Brassicaceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-2
Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, Santa
Barbara*, San Bernardi no, Santa Cruz
Island, San Diego; Baja Cal ifornia
BC, 1 1 B, 34D, 71 B, 87D, 88C, 1 08C,
1 09A, 1 1 0A, 1 60D, SCZB, SCZC
Chaparral, coastal scrub; elevation
1 -500 meters.
Ann ual herb, bloomsJanuary-J uly.
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Need historical quads for Santa Barbara
Cou nty. Does plant occur in Monterey or
San Luis Obispo counties? Threatened by
erosion and feral herbivores on Santa
Cruz Island See Madrano 3( 7):265-320
( 1 936) for taxonomic treatment.
Lepidospartum squamatum var.
palmeri
Considered but rejected: a synonym of L.
squamatum; a common taxon
Leptochloa filiformis
Considered but rejected: not native i n
California
Leptodactylon californicum H. & A
ssp. tomentosum Gord o n
"fuzzy prickly phlox" Polemoniaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo
Coastal d u nes; elevation 1 -30 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms March­
August.
See L. californicum in TheJepson Manual. See
Madrano 37(1 ): 28-42 ( 1 990) for origi nal
description and discussion.
Leptodactylon jaegeri ( M u nz)
Wherry
"San Jacinto prickly phlox" Polemoniaceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Riverside
83C
Subalpine coniferous forest, upper mon­
tane coniferous forest / granitic, rocky;
elevation 2 1 95-3050 meters.
Perennial herb, bloomsJ uly-September.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences in the San Jacinto Mtns.
Lesquerella bernardina
See Lesquerella kingii ssp. bernardina
Lesquerella kingii (Wats. ) Wats.
ssp. bernardina ( M u nz) M u nz
"San Bernard ino Mou ntains bladderpod"
Brassicaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3
Federal Endangered
San Bernardino
1 05A, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 0
Lower montane coniferous forest, pinyon
and j u niper woodland / usually carbon­
ate; elevation 1 850-2700 meters.
Peren n ial herb, blooms May-June.
1 97
Known from only five occurrences i n the
Big Bear Valley area. Threatened by devel­
opment and carbonate m i n i ng. See Fre­
montia 1 6( 1 ):20-21 ( 1 988) for d iscussion
of m i n i ng threats.
Lessingia arachnoidea Greene
"Crystal Springs lessi ngia" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
San Mateo, Sonoma?
429A, 448C, 448D, 502B?, 5 1 8C?
Cismontane woodland, coastal scrub, val­
ley and foothill grassland / serpentin ite,
often roadsides; elevation 60-200 meters.
Annual herb, blooms July-October.
Known only from seven occurrences near
Crystal Spri ngs Reservoir (San Mateo
County); occurrences from Sonoma
County ( 502B, 5 1 8C) need taxonomic
verification. Threatened by non-native
plants. See Leaffets ofBotanical Observation
and Criticism 2:29 ( 1 9 1 0) for original
descri ption.
Lessingia germanorum Cham .
"San Francisco lessingia" Asteraceae
List 18 / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
San Francisco, San Mateo
448B, 466C
Coastal scrub (remnant du nes); elevation
25-90 meters.
Annual herb, blooms June-Novem ber.
Known from only four occurrences at the
Presidio (San Francisco Cou nty), and one
on San Bru no Mtn. (San Mateo County).
Populations i ncreasing 1 994- 1 998 due
to restoration efforts. Much reduced by
u rbanization; also threatened by base­
closure activities, tram pling, sand quarry­
i ng, and non-native plant.
Lessingia germanorum var. tenuis
See Lessingia tenuis
Lessingia glandulifera Gray var.
tomentosa (Greene) Ferris
"Warner Springs lessingia" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 2- 1 -3
San Diego
33A, 33B, 48C
Chaparral (sandy); elevation 870-1 220
meters.
Annual herb, blooms August-October.
1 98 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Lessingia hololeuca Greene
"woolly-headed lessingia" Asteraceae
List 3 / RED ?-?-3
Alameda, Monterey, Marin, Napa, Santa
Clara, San Mateo, Solano, Sonoma, Yolo
3 1 7D, 364B, 365A, 406D, 407B, 408B?,
427A, 428B, 428C?, 429A, 448C, 448D
466B?, 467A, 48 1 B, 483A, 483C, 484A,
484C, 484D, 485A, 5 0 1 A, 502B, 503A,
503B, 5 1 4A, 5 1 7A, 5 1 7D
Broad leaved upland forest, coastal scrub,
lower montane coniferous forest, valley
and foothill grassland / clay, serpentinite;
elevation 1 5-305 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms June-October.
Move to List 4? Need location, rarity,
and endangerment information . Proba­
bly more widespread in the southern
Sacramento Valley, southern North
Coast Ranges, and northern San Fran­
cisco Bay. Possibly threatened by graz­
i ng. See Flora Franciscana, p. 377 ( 1 897)
by E. Greene for origi nal descri ption,
and University ofCalifornia Publications in
Botany 1 6:40 ( 1 929) for taxonomic
treatment.
Lessingia lemmonii var. peirsonii
Considered but rejected: too com mon
Lessingia micradenia var.
arachnoidea
See Lessingia arachnoidea
Lessingia micradenia Greene var.
glabrata ( Keck) Ferris
"smooth lessi ngia" Asteraceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-3
Santa Clara
406B, 406C, 406D, 407A, 407B, 407D,
408C
Chaparral, cismontane wood land / ser­
pentinite, often roadsides; elevation
1 20-420 meters.
Ann ual herb, bloomsJuly-November.
Known from only eleven occurrences. See
Aliso 4 : 1 05 ( 1 958) for original descrip­
tion, and Contributions from the Dudley
Herbarium 5: 1 0 1 ( 1 958) for revised
nomenclature.
Lessingia micradenia Greene var.
micradenia
"Tamalpais lessingia" Asteraceae
List 1 B I RED 3-2-3
Mari n
467A, 467B
Chaparral, valley and footh i l l grassland /
usually serpentinite, often roadsides;
elevation 1 00-500 meters.
Annual herb, blooms J une-October.
Known from only four occurrences in the
Mt. Tamalpais area. See Lea�ets ofBotani­
cal Observation and Criticism 2 : 28 ( 1 9 1 0)
for original description, and University of
California Publications in Botany 1 6:39-40
( 1 929) for taxonomic treatment.
Lessingia occidentalis ( H all) M .A.
Lane
"western lessingia" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Fresno, Monterey, San Benito
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal
scrub, valley and foothil l grassland / clay
or serpentinite; elevation 450-850 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-November.
See Novon 2(3): 2 1 3-2 1 4 ( 1 992) for
revised nomenclature.
Lessingia tenuis (Gray) Cov.
"spring lessingia" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Alameda, Monterey, Santa Barbara, San
Luis Obispo, Ventura
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
montane coniferous forest / openi ngs;
elevation 300-2 1 50 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Lewisia brachycalyx Gray
"short-sepaled lewisia" Portu lacaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
San Bernardi no, San Diego; Arizona,
Baja California, New Mexico, Utah, and
elsewhere
20A, 33A, 1 05A, 1 3 1 D
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps / mesic; elevation
1 370-2300 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms February-J une.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Arts and Sciences 7:400 ( 1 868) for original
descri ption.
Lewisia cantelovii J .T. H owel l
"Cantelow's lewisia" Portu lacaceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Butte, Nevada, Plu mas, Shasta, Sierra
557A, 557B, 5 57C, 558C, 558D, 573D,
574D, 5 75A, 589C, 590D, 5 9 1 A, 59 1 C,
591 D, 606C, 607D, 665A, 665B
Broadleaved upland forest, chaparral,
cismontane wood land , lower montane
coniferous forest / mesic, granitic, some­
times serpentinite seeps; elevation
385- 1 3 70 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-October.
Threatened by horticultural collecting
and road mai ntenance. Does not i nclude
L. serrata. See Leaflets ofWestern Botany
3(6): 1 39 ( 1 942) for original d esc ri ptio n ,
and Fremontia 25( 1 ): 1 5-1 9 ( 1 997) for
genetic study of relationship to L. serrata.
Lewisia congdonii ( Ryd b. ) J .T.
Howel l
"Congdon's lewisia" Portu lacaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
State Rare
Fresno, Mariposa
375C, 437C, 438A
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
montane coniferous forest, u pper mon­
tane coniferous forest / granitic or meta­
morphic, rocky, mesic; elevation
500-2800 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms Apri l-J u ne.
Known from approximately six occur­
rences in the canyons of the Kings and
Merced rivers. See North American Flora
2 1 :328 ( 1 932) for original description ,
and Fremontia 2 5 ( 1 ): 1 5- 1 9 ( 1 997) for
genetic study of relationship to L. can­
telovii and L. serrata.
Lewisia cotyledon var. cotyledon
Considered but rejected: too common
Lewisia cotyledon var. fimbriata
Considered but rejected : not publ ished
and taxonomic problem
Lewisia cotyledon (Wats. ) Rob. var.
heckneri ( Mort.) M u nz
" H eckner's lewisia" Portu lacaceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
H u m boldt, Siskiyou, Trin ity
650A, 650B, 659B, 667B, 667C, 668A,
668B, 668D, 669C, 683C, 684C, 685D,
703C, 720A, 737B, 737C, 738D
Lower montane coniferous forest (rocky);
elevation 225-2 1 00 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J uly.
Range overlaps with other varieties; iden­
tification difficu lt.
Lewisia cotyledon (Wats. ) Rob. var.
howellii (Wats. ) Jeps.
" Howe l l 's lewisia" Portulacaceae
List 3 / RED 2-2-2
Del Norte, H u mboldt, Shasta, Siskiyou,
Tri nity; Oregon

666B, 669B, 669C, 68 1 C, 681 D, 683D,
687C, 701 C, 702C, 703B, 703C, 704D,
71 7B, 71 9A, 71 9B, 71 9 D, 720A, 720B,
720C, 72 1 A, 721 C, 72 1 D, 734C, 735A,
735B, 735D, 736A, 736C, 73 6D, 737A,
737B, 737C, 737D, 738D
Broadleaved upland forest, chaparral,
cismontane woodland, lower montane
coniferous forest / rocky; elevation
1 50-201 0 meters.
Peren n ial herb, blooms April-J uly.
Move to List 4? Taxonomic problems.
Identification difficult. On watch list i n
Oregon. See Proceedings ofthe American
Academy ofArts and Sciences 2 3 : 262 ( 1 888)
for original description.
Lewisia disepala Ryd b.
"Yosemite lewisia" Portulacaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Fresno, Kern, Madera, Mariposa, Tulare
259A, 283C, 284D, 307B, 308D, 397D,
41 6B, 41 7A, 41 7D, 43 7A, 437B, 454C,
455D
Lower montane coniferous forest, pinyon
and j u n i per woodland, upper montane
coniferous forest / granitic, sandy;
elevation 1 340-3500 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-J une.
Threatened by vehicles and logging. See
North American Flora 21 :328 ( 1 93 2 ) for
original description, and Madrofio 37( 1 ):
63 ( 1 990) for first Kern County record .
Lewisia kelloggii K. Brandegee ssp.
hutchisonii Dem pster
" H u tchison's lewisia" Portu lacaceae
List 3 / RED ?- 1 -3
Butte, Plumas, Sierra
572C, 573A, 589D, 607C
Upper montane coniferous forest (open­
i ngs, slate); elevation 1 800-2 1 35 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
Move to List 1 B? Referred to u nder L. kel­
loggii in TheJepson Manual. Need distri bu­
tional i nformation. See Madrofio 43(3 ):
41 5 ( 1 996) for original description.
Lewisia leana
Considered but rejected: too common
Lewisia longipetala ( Pi per) Clay
"long-petaled lewisia" Portu lacaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1 -3
El Dorado, Fresno, N evad a , Placer
394B, 523B, 523C, 523D, 539A, 555A,
555D
C N P S I N V E NTO RY OF R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS
Alpine bou lder and rock field , subalpine
coniferous forest ( mesic, rocky) /
granitic; elevation 2500-2925 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Possibly threatened by horticu l­
tural collecting. I nterim management
gu idelines prepared by the USFS in 1 992.
See Contributions from the U.S. National
Herbarium 1 6:207 ( 1 9 1 8) for original
descri ption.
Lewisia oppositifolia (Wats. ) Rob.
"opposite-leaved lewisia" Portu lacaceae
Llst 2 I RED 2-2-1
Del Norte; Oregon
739A, 739B, 739C, 739D, 740A, 740D
Lower montane coniferous forest
(mesic); elevation 300-1 220 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-May.
Threatened by logging and min ing. Cali­
fornia plants possibly hybrids with L.
nevadensis. On watch l ist i n Oregon . See
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
and Sciences 20:355 ( 1 885) for original
descri ption.
Lewisia pygmaea ssp. longipetala
See Lewisia longipetala
Lewisia serrata Heckard & Steb.
"saw-toothed lewisia" Portulacaceae
Llst 1 B / RED 3-3-3
El Dorado, Placer
524C, 524D, 525A, 525D, 540C, 540D
Broad leaved upland forest, lower mon­
tane con iferous forest, riparian scrub;
elevation 900-1 435 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Known from approximately ten occur­
rences. Threatened by horticultural col­
lecting and small hydroelectric power
projects. See L. cantelovii in TheJepson Man­
ual. See Brittonia 26:305 ( 1 974) for origi­
nal description, and Fremontia 25(1 ) :
1 5-1 9 ( 1 997) fo r genetic study of rela­
tionship to L. cantelovii.
Lewisia sierrae
Considered but rejected: too common; a
synonym of L. pygmaea
Lewisia stebbinsii Gan kin &
H i ldreth
"Stebbi ns's lewisia" Portulacaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Mendoci no, Tri nity
58 1 B, 581 C, S89A, 6 1 3C
1 99
Lower montane coniferous forest, upper
montane coniferous forest / gravel ly,
sometimes serpentinite; elevation
1 600-2050 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-Ju ly.
Known from fewer than fifteen occur­
rences. Threatened by ti m ber and range
management activities, road mai nte­
nance, vehicles, and horticultural collect­
i ng. See Four Seasons 2(4) : 1 2-1 4 ( 1 968)
for original descri ption.
Leymus salinus Uones) A. Love ssp.
mojavensis Barkworth & R.J . Atki ns
" h i llside wheat grass" Poaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1 -1
I nyo, San Bernardi no; Arizona, Idaho,
Wyoming, and elsewhere
2 2 5 0, 2490
Pinyon and jun iper wood land ( rocky);
elevation 1 350-2 1 35 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
May-J une.
Need q uads for I nyo County. See Ameri­
canjournal ofBotany 7 1 ( 5):621 ( 1 984) for
original description.
Lilaeopsis masonii Math . & Const.
" Mason's l i laeopsis" Apiaceae
Llst 1 B / RED 2-3-3
State Rare
Alameda, Contra Costa, Napa, Sacra­
mento, San Joaq u i n , Solano
462B, 462C, 463A, 463D, 479B, 479C,
479D, 480A, 480B, 480C, 480D, 48 1 B,
481 C, 481 D, 482A, 482C, 482D, 483A,
483D, 496C, 497C, 498D, 500D
Marshes and swamps ( brackish or fresh­
water), riparian scrub; elevation 0-1 0
meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Apri l-November.
Locally common in Suisun Bay. Threat­
ened by erosion, channel stabi l ization,
development, Aood control projects,
recreation, agricu lture, shad ing resu lting
from marsh succession, and com peti­
tion with non-native Eichhornia crassipes.
Many populations ephemeral, exploiting
newly deposited or exposed sed i ments.
Development of com prehensive man­
agement plan d i fficult due to large num­
ber of poorly coord i n ated plan n i ng
efforts. Collection from Ch icken Ranch
Beach, Marin County. ( 485D) is proba­
bly L. occidentalis. See Madrofio 24( 2 ) : 8 1
( 1 977) for original descri ption.
200 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F RA R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS
Lilium bolanderi Wats.
" Bolander's l i ly" Li l iaceae
List 4 I RED 1 -2-1
Del Norte, Humboldt, Siskiyou; Oregon
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest I serpentinite; elevation 30-1 600
meters.
Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
J u ne-J u ly.
Hybrid izes with L. pardalinum sspp., L.
rubescens, and L. washingtonianum ssp. pur­
purascens. See Proceedings ofthe American
Academy ofArts and Sciences 20:377 ( 1 885)
for original descri ption.
Lilium fairchildii
See Lilium humboldtii ssp. ocellatum
Lilium humboldtii Roezl & Leicht!.
ssp. humboldtii
" H u m boldt l i ly" Li liaceae
List 4 I RED 1 -2-3
Amador, Butte, Calaveras, El Dorado,
Fresno, Madera, Mariposa, Nevada, Plac­
er, Tehama, Tuolumne, Yuba
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
montane coniferous forest / openi ngs;
elevation 90-1 1 00 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
May-J uly.
Threatened by u rban ization.
Lilium humboldtii Roezl & Leicht! .
ssp. ocellatum ( Ke l l . ) Thorne
"oce l l ated H u m boldt l i ly" Li liaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Anacapa Island, Los Angeles, Orange,
Riverside, Santa Barbara, San Bernar­
d ino, Santa Cruz Island, San Diego, San
Luis Obispo, Santa Rosa Island, Ventura
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal
scrub, lower montane coniferous forest
riparian woodland / openings; elevatio �
30-1 800 meters.
Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
March-J uly.
Threatened by development and horticul­
tural collecting on the mainland , and by
feral herbivores on Santa Cruz and Santa
Rosa islands. Includes L. humboldtii var.
bloomerianum and L. fairchildii. See Proceed­
ings ofthe California Academy ofSciences I
5:88 ( 1 873) for original description.
Lilium kelloggii Purdy
" Kel logg's l i ly" Li l iaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Del Norte, Humboldt; Oregon
Lower montane coniferous forest, North
Coast con iferous forest / openi ngs, road­
sides; elevation 3-1 300 meters.
Perennial herb (bul biferous), blooms
J u ne-August.
Endangered in Oregon. See Garden 59:330
( 1 901 ) for original description.
Lilium maritimum Kel l .
"coast l i ly" Li l i aceae
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
Mendoci no, Marin , San Francisco?*, San
Mateo* , Sonoma
448D*, 485C, 520B, 520D, 537A, 537B,
537C, 537D, 552B, 553A, 568B, 568C,
568D, 569A, 569D, 585A, 585D
Broadleaved u pland forest, closed-cone
coniferous forest, coastal prarie, coastal
scrub, marshes and swamps (freshwater),
North Coast coniferous forest; elevation
5-335 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
May-J u ly.
Did this plant occur in San Francisco
County? Populations along Highway 1
routinely d isturbed by road maintenance;
also threatened by urbanization, horti­
cultural collecting, and habitat fragmen­
tation. Hybridizes with L. pardalinum ssp.
pardalinum. See Proceedings ofthe American
Academy ofArts and Sciences 6: 1 40 ( 1 875)
for original description.
Lilium occidentale Purdy
"western l i ly" Li liaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Del Norte, Humboldt; Oregon
654B, 655A, 672C, 672D, 723B, 740C
Bogs and fens, coastal bl uff scrub,
coastal prarie, coastal scrub, marshes
and swamps (freshwater), North Coast
coniferous forest (openi ngs); elevation
2-1 85 meters.
Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
June-July.
Most California occurrences under DFG
management or voluntarily protected by
landowners. Threatened by development,
herbivory, inappropriate grazing, vegeta­
tion succession, and horticultural collect­
i ng. State-listed as Endangered i n Oregon.
See Erythea 5: 1 03-1 05 ( 1 897) for original
description.
Lilium pardalinum Kel l . ssp.
pitkinense ( Beane & Vol l mer) M .
S ki n ner
" Pitkin Marsh l i ly" Li liaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Sonoma
502A, 502D
Cismontane woodland, meadows and
seeps, marshes and swamps (freshwater) /
mesic, sandy; elevation 35-65 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
J u n e-J uly.
Known from only two occurrences near
Sebastopol. Most of marsh habitat has
been destroyed; also threatened by horti­
cultural collecting, grazing, and competi­
tion from other plants.
Lilium pardalinum Kel l . ssp.
vollmeri ( Eastw. ) M. Ski n ner
"Vollmer's lily" Liliaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 - 1
Del Norte, H u m boldt, Siskiyou, Tri nity;
Oregon
Bogs and fens, meadows and seeps
( mesic); elevation 30-1 680 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbi ferous), blooms
J u ly-August.
Forms hybrid swarms with ssp. wigginsii i n
western Siskiyou Cou nty. See Leaflets of
Western Botany 5 : 1 20- 1 22 ( 1 948) for
original description.
Lilium pardalinum Kel l . ssp.
wigginsii ( Beane & Vol l m er) M .
S ki n ner
"Wiggins's l i ly" Li liaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon
Bogs and fens, broadleaved u pland for­
/
est, lower montane coni ferous forest
meadows and seeps, riparian scrub
mesic; elevation 48S-2000 meters.
Perenn ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
J u ne-August.
Forms hybrid swarms with ssp. vollmeri in
western Siskiyou County. See Contributions
from the Dudley Herbarium 4(8):355 ( 1 955)
for original descri ption.
Lilium parryi Wats.
"lemon l i ly" Liliaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernardi no,
San Diego; Arizona, Sonora (Mexico)
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A NTS 201

20A*, 49C*, 49D, 65C, 666, 83C, 846,

84D, 1 046, 1 05A, 1 056, 1 05C, 1 05 D,
1 06A, 1 076, 1 086, 1 09A, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 D,
1 32 D, 1 34C, 1 34D, 1 35C, 1 35 D
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps, riparian scrub, upper
montane coniferous forest / mesic;
elevation 1 300-2620 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
July-August.
Most occurrences in Los Angeles County
are very small. Nearly extirpated from San
Diego County, where known from only a
few plants at Palomar Mtn. SP. Threatened
by horticultural collecting, water diversion,
and grazing. I ncludes L. parryi var. kessleri.
Angeles NF has adopted species manage­
ment guidelines. See Madrano 40( 4 ):270-
271 ( 1 993) for first Mexico record and dis­
tributional information.

Lilium parryi
202 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Lilium parryi var. kessleri Mendocino Limnanthes douglasii R. Br. ssp.

See Lilium parryi 550B, 567A, 583B, 598C, 599A sulphurea (C.T. Maso n ) C.T. Mason
Meadows and seeps, marshes and "Point Reyes meadowfoam" Lim nanthaceae
Lilium pitkinense swamps (freshwater), valley and footh ill List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
grassland (vernally mesic), vernal pools;
See Lilium pardalinum ssp. pitkinense State Endangered
elevation 1 75-9 1 0 meters.
Marin , San Mateo
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
Lilium rubescens Wats. 409A, 485C
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
"redwood l ily" Li l i aceae rences. Threatened by development, graz­ Coastal prarie, meadows and seeps
List 4 I RED 1 -2-3 i ng, and road construction. See Leaflets of (mesic), marshes and swamps (freshwa­
Del Norte, H u m boldt, Lake, Mendoci no, Western Botany 3(9) :206 ( 1 943 ) for origi­ ter), vernal pools; elevation 1 -1 40 meters.
Napa, Santa Cruz*, Shasta, Siskiyou, nal descri ption. Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Sonoma, Tri nity
Broad leaved upland forest, chaparral,
lower montane coniferous forest, upper
montane con iferous forest / sometimes
serpentinite; elevation 30- 1 7 1 5 meters.
Perennial herb (bul biferous), blooms
J u n e-August.
I ncreasi ngly rare in southern portion of
range. Threatened by urbanization, hor­
ticultural col lection, and grazi ng. See
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
and Sciences 1 4:256 ( 1 879) for original
description.

Lilium vollmeri
See Lilium pardalinum ssp. vollmeri

Lilium washingtonianum Kel l . ssp.

purpurascens (Stearn) M. S ki n ner
"pu rple-flowered Was h i ngton l i ly" Liliaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
D e l Norte, H u m boldt, Siskiyou, Tri n ity;
Oregon
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
Lilium pardalinum ssp. vollmeri
forest, upper montane coniferous forest /
often serpentin ite; elevation 70-2750
meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
June-August.
Possibly threatened by logging and relat­
ed activities, but often abundant in dis­
turbed areas.

Lilium washingtonianum var.

mm us
Considered but rejected: a synonym of L.
washingtonianum ssp. washingtonianum; a
common taxon

Lilium wigginsii
See Lilium pardalinum ssp. wigginsii

Limnanthes bakeri Howe l l

" Baker's m eadowfoam" Limnanthaceae
List 18 / RED 3-3-3
State Rare

Known from approximately ten occur­
rences. Threatened by grazing, trampl i ng,
and non-native plants. See University of
California Publications in Botany 25:477
( 1 952) for original description.
Limnanthes floccosa H owel l ssp.
bellingeriana ( Peck) Arroyo
" Bellinger's m eadowfoam " Li m nanthaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-2
Shasta; Oregon
646A, 679C, 679D
Cismontane woodland, meadows and
seeps I mesic; elevation 290-1 1 00
meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Known i n Cal ifornia from approximately
five occurrences near I ngot and Cayton
Creek. Cand idate for state l isting in Ore­
gon . See L. f/occosa ssp. floccosa in TheJep­
son Manual. See Proceedings ofthe Biological
Society of Washington 50:93-94 ( 1 937) for
original description.
Limnanthes floccosa H owel l ssp.
californica Arroyo
"Butte Cou nty m eadowfoam"
Li mnanthaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Butte
576C, 576D, 577A, 593C, 593D
Valley and foothi l l grassland ( mesic) ,
vernal pools; elevation 50-930 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Known from fewer than fifteen occur­
rences. Threatened by u rban ization,
road construction, grazi ng, non-native
plants, vehicles, and agricu lture. See
Brittonia 25: 1 87 ( 1 973) for original
description, and Conservation Biolog)'
6(4): 549-558 ( 1 992) for field su rvey
and genetic informatio n .
Limnanthes floccosa Howe l l ssp.
floccosa
"woolly meadowfoam" Lim nanthaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
Butte, Lake, Napa, Shasta, Siskiyou,
Tehama, Tri nity; Oregon
Chaparral, cismontane woodland , valley
and footh i l l grassland, vernal pools / ver­
nally mesic; elevation 60-1 095 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-June.
Threatened by grazing. See Brittonia 25:
1 77-1 93 ( 1 973) for revised nomenclature.
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Limnanthes gracilis H owel l ssp.
parishii U eps.) Beauch.
" Parish's m eadowfoam" Li m nanthaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Stat:e Endangered
Riverside, San Diego
1 9B, 1 9C, 20A, 33C, 33D, 49D, 69D
Lower montane con iferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps, vernal pools / vernally
mesic; elevation 600-2000 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Threatened by altered hydrology, grazing,
and recreational development. Conserva­
tion activities occurring as of 1 997. See
Flora ofCalifornia 2 ( 1 ):41 1 ( 1 936) by W.L.
Jepson for original description, and Uni­
versity ofCalifornia Publications in Botany
25:490 ( 1 952) for revised nomenclature.
Limnanthes vinculans Ornduff
"Sebastopol meadowfoam" Lim nanthaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Napa?, Sonoma
SOOA?, 501 B, 501 C, 502A, 502B*,
502D, 5 1 7B
Meadows and seeps, valley and foothi l l
grassland, vernal pools / vernally mesic;
elevation 1 5-305 meters.
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-May.
Only Napa County occurrence (500A)
may be introduced; protected in part at
Napa River ER ( DFG). Threatened by
urban ization, agricu lture, and grazing.
See Brittonia 21 : 1 1 - 1 4 ( 1 969) for original
description.
Limosella subulata Ives
" delta m udwort" Scrophu lariaceae
List 2 / RED 2-3-1
Contra Costa, Sacramento, San Joaquin,
Solano; Oregon, and elsewhere
462A, 463A, 463D, 479C, 480B, 480C,
480D, 481 C, 481 D, 498D
Marshes and swamps; elevation 0-3
meters.
Perennial herb (stoloniferous), blooms
May-August.
Known in California from several occur­
rences in the Delta; occurrence at Pt.
Reyes NS, Marin County ( 485C) needs
verification. Also found on the Atlantic
Coast, where threatened by habitat
destruction. Native to California, although
TheJepson Manual states otherwise.
203
Linanthus acicularis Greene
"bristly l i nanthus" Po lemon iaceae
List 4 I RED 1 -2-3
Alameda, Butte, Contra Costa?, Fresno,
H u m boldt, Lake, Mendoci no, Marin,
Napa, San Mateo, Sonoma
Chaparral, cismontane woodland,
coastal prarie, valley and foothi l l grass­
land; elevation 55-1 500 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms April-Ju ly.
H istorical occu rrences need verification.
Does plant occur i n Contra Costa Coun­
ty? See Pittonia 2:259 ( 1 892) for original
descri ption.
Linanthus ambiguus ( Rattan )
Greene
" ser penti n e l i nanth us" Polemoniaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Alameda, Contra Costa, Merced, San
Benito, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, San
Joaquin, San Mateo, Stanislaus
Cismontane woodland, coastal scrub,
valley and foothill grassland / usually ser­
pentinite; elevation 1 20-1 1 30 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-J u ne.
To be expected i n other adjacent coun­
ties. See Botanical Gazette 1 1 :339 ( 1 886)
for original description.
Linanthus arenicola
Considered but rejected : too common
Linanthus bellus (Gray) Green e
"desert beauty" Polemoniaceae
List 2 I RED 2- 1 - 1
San Diego; Baja California
7B, 8A, 8D, 1 9 D, 48A
Chaparral (sandy); elevation 1 000-1 400
meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
Linanthus concinnus M l kn .
"San Gabriel l i nanthus" Polemon iaceae
List: 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Los Angeles, San Bernardino
1 08B, 1 l OA, 1 l O B*, 1 1 1 A* , 1 34B,
1 34C, 1 34D, 1 35A, 1 35D, 1 3 6D
Lower montane coniferous forest, upper
montane coniferous forest / rocky;
elevation 1 700-2800 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-July.
Threatened by recreational activities. See
University ofCalifornia Publications in Botany
2 : 53 ( 1 904) for original descri ption.
204 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS
Linanthus croceus Eastwood
"coast yellow linanthus" Polemoniaceae
List 1 B I RED 3-3-3
Mari n * , San Mateo
409 B*, 467B*, 448C
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal prarie;
elevation 1 0-1 50 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May.
Known only from one occu rrence near
Moss Beach. Threatened by develop­
ment. A synonym of L. parviflorus in The
Jepson Manual. See Botanical Gazette 3 7:442
( 1 904) for original description .
Linanthus floribundus (Gray) M l kn .
ssp. hallii (Jeps.) Mason
"Santa Rosa M o u ntains l i nanth u s"
Polemon iaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-3
Riverside, San Diego
46C, 47A, 47B, 48A, 65C
Sonoran desert scrub; elevation
1 000-2000 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Known only from the Santa Rosa Mtns.
Linanthus grandiflorus ( Benth . )
Greene
"large-Aowered l i nanthus" Polemoniaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Alameda, Kern, Madera, Merced, Mon­
terey, Mari n, Santa Barbara*, Santa
Clara, Santa Cruz, San Francisco, San
Luis Obispo, San Mateo, Sonoma
Coastal bl uff scrub, closed-cone con ifer­
ous forest, cismontane wood land,
coastal du nes, coastal prarie, coastal
scrub, valley and foothi l l grassland /
usually sandy; elevation 5-1 220 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-August.
Many historical occurrences extirpated by
development; need status information .
Other taxa often m isidentified as L. gran­
diflorus. See Pittonia 2 : 260 ( 1 892) for orig­
inal description.
Linanthus harknessii ssp.
condensatus
Considered but rejected: a synonym of L.
harknessii; a common taxon
Linanthus jepsonii D.W. Schemske
& C. Goodwi l l i e
"Jepson 's li nanthus" Polemoniaceae
List 18 I RED 2-2-3
Lake, Napa, Sonoma
499B, 500B, 500D, 50 1 B, 501 D, 502A,
5 1 6A, 5 1 6B, 5 1 6C, 51 6D, 5 1 7A, 5 1 7B,
5 1 7C, 5 1 7D, 5 1 9D, 533C, 534C, 535D
Chaparral, cismontane wood land / usu­
ally volcanic; elevation 1 00-500 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
Similar to L. parviflorus. Not in TheJepson
Manual. See Madrano 43( 4):455 ( 1 996)
for original description.
Linanthus killipii Mason
" Baldwin Lake l i nanth u s" Polemoniaceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
San Bernardino
1 04B, 1 05A, 1 26D, 1 30C, 1 3 1 D
Meadows and seeps (alkaline), pebble
( pavement) plain, pinyon and j u n i per
wood land , u pper montane coniferous
forest; elevation 1 700-2400 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Threatened by u rbanization and vehicles.
See Madrano 9(8):251 -252 ( 1 948) for
original descri ption.
Linanthus latisectus E. Buxton
"broad-lobed l i nanthus" Polemoniaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Colusa, Del Norte, Glenn, H u mboldt,
Lake, Mendocino, Napa, Shasta, Sono­
ma, Tehama, Tri nity
Broadleaved upland forest, cismontane
woodland; elevation 1 70-1 500 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Not in TheJepson Manual. See Madrano
41 (3 ): 1 78 ( 1 994) for original description.
Linanthus maculatus ( Parish)
M i l l i ken
" Little S a n Bernard ino Mtns. l i nanthus"
Polemon iaceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-3
Riverside, San Bernardino
65C, 82B, 83A, 83B, 1 02B, 1 03A, 1 03 D,
1 04D
Desert d unes, Joshua tree "woodland",
Mojavean desert scrub, Sonoran desert
scrub / sandy; elevation 1 95-2075 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Known from fewer than fifteen occur­
rences near Joshua Tree N M . Threatened
by development, vehicles, and d u mping.
A synonym of Cilia maculata in TheJepson
Manual. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical
Club 1 9:93 ( 1 892) for original descrip­
tion , and University ofCalifornia Publications
in Botany 2 : 5 5 ( 1 904) for revised nomen­
clature.
Linanthus nudatus
Considered but rejected : too common
Linanthus nuttallii (Gray) M l k n .
ssp. howellii N e l s . & Patterson
"Mt. Tedoc l i nanth u s" Polemoniaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1 -3
Tehama
61 3B, 63 1 C
Lower montane con iferous forest (ser­
pentinite); elevation 1 220-2800 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
Known from only four occurrences in the
Mt. Tedoc region of the Klamath Mtns.
See Madrano 32(2) : 1 02-1 05 ( 1 985) for
original descri ption.
Linanthus nuttallii ssp. pubescens
Considered but rejected : too common
Linanthus oblanceolatus ( Bran d )
J eps.
"Sierra Nevada l i nanthus" Polemoniaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Fresno, I nyo, Tu lare
Subal pine coniferous forest; elevation
2800-3700 meters.
Annual herb, blooms J u ly-August.
Linanthus orcuttii ( Parry & Gray)
Jeps.
"Orcutt's linanthus" Polemon iaceae
List 18 / RED 2-1-2
Los Angeles*, Riverside, San Bernard ino,
San Diego; Baja California
1 9 B, 20A, 20D, 48C, 48D, 49B, 49C,
49D, 1 03B, 1 04A, 1 04B, 1 1 0A*
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest, pi nyon and jun iper wood land /
openi ngs; elevation 9 1 5-2 1 45 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ne.
See Madrono 24(3): 1 50-1 5 1 ( 1 977) for
taxonomic treatment and 43(4):528
( 1 996) for first San Bernardino County
records.
Linanthus orcuttii ssp. pacificus
See Linanthus orcuttii
Linanthus pygmaeus ( Brand) J .T.
H owel l ssp. pygmaeus
"pygmy l i nanth u s" Polemoniaceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-2
San Clemente Island; Guadal upe Island
(Mexico)
SCMC, SCMN

Coastal scrub, valley and foothill grass­
land; elevation 455-595 meters.
Annual herb, blooms Apri l .
Feral herbivores removed from San
Clemente Island , and vegetation recov­
ering. Simi lar to ssp. continentalis; needs
study. See Pf/anzenreich 4(250): 1 34
( 1 907) for original descri ption.
Linanthus rattanii (Gray) Greene
" Rattan's l i nanthus" Polemoniaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Colusa, Glenn , Lake, Mendocino,
Tehama
Cismontane woodland, lower montane
coniferous forest / rocky or gravelly;
elevation 1 700-2000 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-July.
Linanthus rosaceus Greene
" rose l i nanthus" Polemon iaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Mari n * , San Francisco*, San Mateo,
Sonoma*
409 B*, 429C*, 448C, 502C* , 520D*
Coastal bl uff scrub; elevation 0- 1 00
meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Known from only one occurrence near
Pacifica. Need historical quads for San
Francisco County. Not in TheJepson Manu­
al. See Pittonia 2:259 ( 1 892) for original
descri ption.
Linanthus serrulatus Greene
" M adera l i nanthus" Polemoniaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Fresno, Kern, Madera, Mariposa, Tulare
26 1 A, 261 B, 308B, 309C, 332B, 354C,
376B, 376C, 377D, 380A, 396B, 398C,
399A, 399B, 41 8D, 41 9B, 420A
Cismontane wood land, lower montane
coniferous forest; elevation 300-1 300
meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
Listera caurina
Considered but rejected: too common
Listera cordata ( L. ) R. Br.
" heart-leaved twayblade" Orchidaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
Del Norte, Humboldt, Mendocino, Siski­
you ; Nevada, Oregon, Washi ngton, and
elsewhere
C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Bogs and fens, lower montane coniferous
forest, North Coast coniferous forest;
elevation 45-1 320 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms February-J u ly.
Easily overlooked . Threatened by grazing
and logging. I ncludes L. cordata var.
nephrophylla. See Fremontia 1 7(3 ):26-27
( 1 989) and The Wild Orchids ofCalifornia,
p. 95-98 ( 1 995) by R. Coleman for
species accounts.
Listera cordata var. nephrophylla
See Listera cordata
Lithophragma maximum Bacig.
"San Clemente Island wood land star"
Saxifragaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
San Clemente Island
SCMC*, SCMS
Coastal bluffscrub, coastal scrub /
rocky; elevation 1 20-400 meters.
Perenn ial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
April-June.
Known from only three occu rrences,
totalling approximately 200 i ndividuals
as of 1 996. Threatened by erosion. Feral
herbivores removed from San Clemente
Island , and vegetation recovering. See
Aliso 5:349-350 ( 1 963) for original
description.
Lithophragma rupicola
Considered but rejected : a synonym of L.
tenellum; a com mon taxon
Lithophragma tenellum
Considered but rejected: too common
Lithospermum incisum Leh m .
"plains stoneseed" Boraginaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1 -1
San Bernardino; Arizona, Nevada, New
Mexico, Texas, Utah, and elsewhere
225D
Pinyon and j u n i per woodland; elevation
1 650-1 720 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May.
Known i n Californ ia only from the New
York Mtns.
Lobelia cardinalis ssp. cardinalis
Considered but rejected: not i n Cal ifor­
n ia; name m isapplied to L. cardinalis var.
pseudosplendens; a common taxon
205
Loeflingia pusilla
Considered but rejected : a synonym of L.
squarrosa var. squarrosa; a common taxon
Loeflingia squarrosa N utt. var.
artemisiarum ( Barne by & Twissel m . )
R . Dorn
"sagebrush loefli ngia" Caryophyl laceae
List 2 I RED 2-2-1
I nyo, Kern, Lassen, Los Angeles; Nevada,
Oregon , Wyoming
1 85C, 1 85 D, 1 86B, 1 86C, 392C, 393A,
586D, 602A, 656C
Desert du nes, Great Basin scrub, Sono­
ran desert scrub / sandy; elevation
700-1 6 1 5 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
See Madrofio 20(8):406 ( 1 970) for origi­
nal description .
Lomatium canbyi
Considered but rejected: too common
Loamatium ciliolatum var. hooveri
See Lomatium hooveri
Lomatium congdonii Coult. & Rose
"Congdon's lomati u m " Apiaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Mariposa*, Tuolumne
41 9B*, 458B, 458C, 459A, 459D
Chaparral, cismontane woodland / ser­
pentinite; elevation 300-2 1 00 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms March-J u ne.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Collections at UC from Red Mtn.
(600B), Mendocino County may be this
taxon. Threatened by vehicles and m i n­
i ng. Protected at Red H i l ls ACEC ( BLM),
Tuolumne County. See Contributions from
the U.S. National Herbarium 7:232 ( 1 900)
for origi nal description.
Lomatium engelmannii Math .
" Engel man n's lomati u m " Apiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Mendoci no, Siskiyou, Tri nity; Oregon
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest, upper montane coniferous forest /
serpentinite; elevation 870-2 740 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms June-August.
Endangered in Oregon .
206 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS
Lomatium foeniculaceum ( N utt. )
Cou lt. & Rose ssp. inyoense ( M ath.
& Const. ) Theobald
" I nyo lomati u m " Apiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
I nyo; Idaho, Nevada
Subalpine coniferous forest (carbonate);
elevation 2 1 95-3200 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne-J uly.
Can be com mon along crest of the I nyo
Mtns. May be a form induced by h igh­
altitude cond itions; needs study.
Lomatium foeniculaceum ( N utt. )
Cou lt. & Rose var. macdougalii
(Cou lt. & Rose) Theobald
" MacDougal's lomatiu m" Apiaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Lassen?, Modoc, Plu mas; Arizona, Idaho,
Nevada, Oregon, Washi ngton, Wyom ing,
Utah, and elsewhere
602A?, 602D?, 603D, 620D?, 674B,
690D, 692A
Chenopod scrub, Great Basin scrub,
lower montane coniferous forest, pi nyon
and j uniper wood land / volcanic;
elevation 1 200-1 900 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J uly.
Lassen County plants may be an u nde­
scribed taxon . Not in TheJepson Manual.
See Contributions from the U.S. National
Herbarium 7:233 ( 1 900) for original
description.
Lomatium grayi (Cou lt. & Rose)
Cou lt. & Rose
"Gray's lomati u m " Apiaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico,
Oregon, Utah, Washi ngton, Wyom ing,
and elsewhere
707B, 707C, 707D
Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and j u n iper
woodland; elevation 1 390-1 4 1 5 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Known i n Cal ifornia only from near Lake
City and Surprise Valley. Not in TheJep­
son Manual. See Botanical Gazette 1 3 :209
( 1 888) for origi nal descri ption, and Con­
tributions from the U.S. National Herbarium
7: 229 ( 1 900) for revised nomenclature.
Lomatium hendersonii (Cou lt. &
Rose) Coult. & Rose
" Henderson's lomatiu m " Apiaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1
Lassen, Modoc, Plumas; Idaho, Nevada,
Oregon
603D, 622C, 622D, 674B, 675A, 692D,
707C
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conifer­
ous forest, pinyon and juniper wood land /
rocky, clay; elevation 1 400-2440 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-J u ne.
Easily confused with L. canbyi. I nadver­
tently omitted from TheJepson Manual.
Field work needed. See Botanical Gazette
1 3: 2 1 0 ( 1 888) for original descri ption,
Systematic Botany Monographs 4: 1 -55
( 1 984) for taxonomic treatment, and
Madrano 43(4):51 5-52 1 ( 1 996) for dis­
cussion of presence in California.
Lomatium hooveri ( Math . &
Const. ) Const. & Ertter
" H oover's lomati u m " Apiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Colusa, Lake, Napa, Yolo
Chaparral, cismontane woodland /
serpenti nite, or rarely volcan ic; elevation
300-885 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J uly.
A synonym of L. ciliolatum var. hooveri i n
TheJepson Manual. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey
Botanical Club 69: 1 53 ( 1 942) for original
descri ption, and Madrofio 43( 4 ):5 1 5-521
( 1 996) for revised nomenclature.
Lomatium howellii (Wats. ) Jeps.
" H owel l's lomati u m " Apiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
D e l Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest / serpentin ite; elevation 1 1 0- 1 705
meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Arts and Sciences 20:369 ( 1 885) for origi­
nal description.
Lomatium insulare ( Eastw. ) M u nz
"San Nicolas Island lomati u m " Apiaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
San Clemente Islan d * , San Nicolas
Island; Guadalupe Island (Mexico)
SNIC
Coastal bluff scrub (sandy); elevation
1 5-800 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms January-J une.
Presumed extinct on San Clemente Island;
last seen there i n 1 9 1 8 ( need quad).
Threatened by military development and
road construction, and possibly by non­
native plants. See Proceedings ofthe Califor­
nia Academy ofSciences I l l 1 :89-1 20 ( 1 898)
for original description.
Lomatium marginatum var.
purpureum
Considered but rejected : too common
Lomatium martindalei ( Cou It. &
Rose) Coult. & Rose
"Coast Range lomati u m " Apiaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1
Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon, Washi ng­
ton, and elsewhere
704A, 722D, 738A, 739A, 739C, 739D
Coastal bluff scrub, lower montane
coniferous forest, meadows and seeps;
elevation 240-3000 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-August.
Lomatium observatorium
Constance & Ertter
" Mt. Hami lton lomati u m " Apiaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Santa Clara, Stan islaus
425B, 426C, 426D
Cismontane woodland; elevation
1 2 1 9-1 330 meters.
Peren nial herb, blooms March-May. •
Known from fewer than five occurrences.
Not in TheJepson Manual. See Madrofio
43( 4 ):51 5 ( 1 996) for original description.
Lomatium parvifolium ( H. & A.)
Jeps.
"small-leaved lomatiu m " Apiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Monterey, Santa Cruz, San Luis Obispo
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
coastal scrub, riparian woodland / ser­
pentinite; elevation 20-700 meters.
Perennial herb, bloomsJanuary-June.
Rare in Santa Cruz County.
Lomatium peckianum Math . &
Const.
" Peck's lomati u m " Apiaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Siskiyou; Oregon
699A, 699B, 71 7A, 71 7B, 733B, 733D,
734A, 734B, 734C, 734D, 735A, 735D
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
montane coniferous forest, pi nyon and
j u n iper wood land / volcan ic; elevation
700-1 800 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Threatened by development. See Bulletin
ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 69:1 55 ( 1 942 )
for origi nal descri ption.

Lomatium ravenii Math. & Const.
" Raven's lomatiu m " Apiaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1-1
Lassen, Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon,
Utah
602A, 602B, 620B, 620C, 6 2 1 A, 638A,
638C, 639D, 656D, 657A, 657B, 657C,
657D, 690D, 724A
Great Basin scrub (adobe, alkaline);
elevation 1 000-3000 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Endangered in Oregon. See Bulletin ofthe
Torrey Botanical Club 86(6):379 ( 1 959) for
original description.
Lomatium repostum U eps.) Math .
"Napa lomati u m " Apiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3
Lake, Napa, Solano, Sonoma
Chaparral, cismontane wood land /
serpentinite; elevation 90-830 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-June.
Lomatium rigidum U ones) j eps.
"stiff lomati u m " Apiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3
I nyo
Great Basin scrub, pinyon and juniper
wood land / rocky, near streams;
elevation 1 200-2200 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-May.
Can be locally com mon.
Lomatium shevockii H artman &
Const.
"Owens Peak lomati u m " Apiaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1 -3
Kern
258B
Lower montane coniferous forest, u pper
montane coniferous forest / rocky;
elevation 1 770-2200 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-May.
Known from only two occu rrences i n
t h e Owens Pk. a n d M t . Jenkins area. See
Madrano 35(2): 1 2 1 -1 25 ( 1 988) for origi­
nal description.
Lomatium stebbinsii Sch l essman &
Const.
"Stebbi ns's lomatium" Apiaceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-3
Amador, Calaveras, Tuolumne
474A, 474B, 474C, 474D, 491 D, 492A,
492B, 492D
C N P S I N V E NTO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest / gravelly, volcanic clay; elevation
1 245- 1 960 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-May.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Threatened by vehicles. See
Madrano 26(1 ):41 ( 1 979) for original
descri ption.
Lomatium torreyi
Considered but rejected: too common
Lomatium tracyi Mat h . & Const.
"Tracy's lomatiu m" Apiaceae
List 4 I RED 1 -1 -2
Humboldt, Shasta, Siskiyou, Tehama,
Tri nity; Oregon
Lower montane con iferous forest, upper
montane coniferous forest / serpentinite;
elevation 455-1 950 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Endangered in Oregon.
Lonicera cauriana
Considered but rejected: too common
Lonicera subspicata H. & A var.
subspicata
"Santa Barbara honeysuckle" Caprifoliaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3
Santa Barbara, Santa Catalina Island ,
Santa Cruz Island
1 42A, 1 42B, 1 43A, 1 68C, SCTE, SCZB
Chaparral, cismontane wood land,
coastal scrub; elevation 35-1 000 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms May­
December.
Threatened by development. See Bulletin of
the Southern California Academy ofSciences
25(2):67 ( 1 926) for taxonomic treatment.
Lophochlaena califomica var. davyi
See Pleuropogon davyi
Lophochlaena refracta var.
hooverianus
See Pleuropogon hooverianus
Lophochlaena refracta var.
refracta
See Pleuropogon refractus
207
Lotus argophyllus (Gray) Greene
var. adsurgens ( D u n kle) Isley
"San Clemente Island bird 's-foot trefoi l "
Fabaceae
List 18 / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered
San Clemente Island
SCMC, SCMS
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scru b /
rocky; elevation 1 5-395 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
Threatened by Navy activities. Feral her­
bivores removed from San Clemente
Island, and vegetation recovering. See
Bulletin ofthe Southern California Academy of
Sciences 3 9 : 1 75 ( 1 940) for original
description.
Lotus argophyllus var. argenteus
Considered but rejected: too common
Lotus argophyllus var. fremontii
Considered but rejected : too common
Lotus argophyllus (Gray) Greene
var. niveus (Greene) Ottley
"Santa Cruz Island bird 's-foot trefoil"
Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
State Endangered
Santa Cruz Island
Coastal bluff scrub, chaparral, coastal
scrub / rocky; elevation 5-680 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March­
September.
I ncreasing after reduction offeral sheep
popu lation.
Lotus argyraeus (Greene) Greene
var. multicaulis ( Ottley) lsely
"scru b lotus" Fabaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-3
San Bernardino
200A, 224C, 225D
Pi nyon and jun iper wood land (granitic);
elevation 1 200-1 500 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Known only from four occurrences i n the
New York Mtns. See University ofCalifornia
Publications in Botany 1 0: 2 1 1 ( 1 923) for
original descri ption, and Memoirs ofthe
New York Botanical Garden 2 5 : 1 28-206
( 1 98 1 ) for taxonomic treatment.
208 C N P S I N V E N TO RY OF R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS
Lotus argyraeus (Greene) Greene
var. notitius lsely
" Providence Mountai ns lotus" Fabaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-3
San Bernard ino
1 76A
Pinyon and j u n i per woodland; elevation
1 200-2000 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
Known only from one occurrence in the
Providence Mtns. See Brittonia 30( 4 ) :
466-472 ( 1 978) for original description,
and Memoirs ofthe New York Botanical Gar­
den 2 5 : 1 28-206 ( 1 981 ) for taxonomic
treatment.
Lotus crassifolius ( Benth . ) Greene
var. otayensis Moran
"Otay M ou ntain lotus" Fabaceae
List 18 / RED 3-3-2
San Diego; Baja California
1 0D
Chaparral (metavolcanic, often in dis­
turbed areas); elevation 9 1 5-1 005 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-August.
Known in California only from Otay
Mtn . , and from one occurrence in Baja
California. Threatened by road mai nte­
nance. See Brittonia 30(4) :466-467
( 1 978) for original description .
Lotus cupreus
See Lotus oblongifolius var. cupreus
Lotus dendroideus (Greene) Greene
var. dendroideus
"island broom" Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Anacapa Island, Santa Catalina Island,
Santa Cruz Island, Santa Rosa Island
Coastal bluff scrub, closed-cone conifer­
ous forest, chaparral, coastal scrub, cis­
montane woodland; elevation 3-460
meters.
Shru b, blooms J an uary-October.
Threatened by feral herbivores. See
Brittonia 30:467 ( 1 978) for revised
nomenclature.
Lotus dendroideus (Greene) Greene
var. traskiae ( Nodd i n ) l sely
"San Clemente Island lotus" Fabaceae
List 18 / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
San Clemente Island
SCMC, SCM N, SCMS
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub, valley
and foothi l l grassland; elevation 1 5-365
meters.
Shrub, blooms February-August.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Threatened by Navy activities.
Feral herbivores removed from San
Clemente Island, and vegetation recover­
i ng. Occasionally hybridizes with L. argo­
phyllus var. argenteus. USFWS uses the
name L. dendroideus ssp. traskiae. See Brit­
tonia 30:466-472 ( 1 978) for revised
nomenclature.
Lotus dendroideus (Greene) Greene
var. veatchii (Greene) lsely
"San M iguel Island deerweed " Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -2
San Miguel Island; Baja California
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub;
elevation 1 0-350 meters.
Shrub, blooms March-J une.
See Bulletin ofthe California Academy ofSci­
ences 1 :83 ( 1 886) for original descri ption,
and Brittonia 30:467 ( 1 978) for revised
nomenclature.
Lotus haydonii (Orcutt) Greene
"pygmy lotus" Fabaceae
List 18 / RED 2-1 -2
Imperial, San Diego; Baja California
7A, 7B, 3 2 D, 47C, 48D
Pinyon and juniper woodland, Sonoran
desert scrub / rocky; elevation 520- 1 200
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms January-June.
Need quads for Imperial County. See West
American Scientist 6:63 ( 1 889) for original
description, Pittonia 2 : 1 49 ( 1 890) for
revised nomenclature, and Memoirs ofthe
New York Botanical Garden 25: 1 28-206
( 1 981 ) for taxonomic treatment.
Lotus neo-incanus
Considered but rejected : too com mon; a
synonym of L. incanus
Lotus nevadensis var. davidsonii
Considered but rejected: too common
Lotus nuttallianus G reene
"N uttall's lotus" Fabaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-2
San Diego; Baja California
1 1 8, 1 1 D, 22B, 22C, 36B, 36D
Coastal dunes, coastal scrub (sandy);
elevation 0- 1 0 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-J une.
Declining precipitously; now known in
California from fewer than ten occur­
rences. Threatened by development, non­
native plants, and land management
activities, particularly by U.S. Navy at Sil­
ver Strand and I m perial Beach.
Lotus oblongifolius ( Be nth . ) Greene
var. cupreus (Greene) Ottley
"copper-flowered bird's-foot trefo i l "
Fabaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
Tu lare
308A, 3 3 1 B, 331 C, 353B
Meadows and seeps (edges), upper mon­
tane coniferous forest / mesic; elevation
2400-2750 meters.
Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
J u ne-August.
See Leaflets ofBotanical Observation and
Criticism 1 : 74 ( 1 904) for original descri p­
tion, and University ofCalifornia Publica­
tions in Botany 1 0:206 ( 1 923) for revised
nomenclature.
Lotus procumbens var. jepsonii
Considered but rejected : too common
Lotus rubriflorus H . K. Sharsm .
"red-flowered lotus" Fabaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3
Colusa, Stanislaus, Tehama
425A, 425B, 564D, 628D
Cismontane woodland, valley and foothill
grassland; elevation 200-425 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Known from only four disj u nct occur­
rences. Threatened by development, and
probably by grazing and non-native
plants. Field work needed . See Madrano
6(2):56 ( 1 941 ) for original description .
Lotus scoparius ssp. traskiae
See Lotus dendroideus var. traskiae
Lotus scoparius var. dendroideus
See Lotus dendroideus var. dendroideus
Lotus yollabolliensis M u nz
"Yolla Solly Mtns. bird's-foot trefoi l "
Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
H u m boldt, Trinity
Upper montane coniferous forest;
elevation 1 700-2 1 00 meters.
Perennial herb, bloomsJune-August.
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY OF R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS 209

Ludwigia repens var. stipitata
Considered but rejected: too common; a
synonym of L. repens
Lupinus abramsii
See Lupinus albifrons var. abramsii
Lupinus adsurgens var. undulatus
Considered but rejected : too common
Lupinus albifrons Benth. var.
abramsii ( C . P. S m ith) H oov.
"Abrams's lu pine" Fabaceae
List 3 I RED 3-2-3
Monterey
I . 320B
Broad leaved u pland forest, lower mon­
tane coniferous forest; elevation
450-2000 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms Apri l-June.
Move to List 1 B? Possibly more wide­
spread, but only specimens from 320B
match the type; plants from San Luis
Obispo Cou nty. are probably var. albifrons.
Lupinus antoninus Eastw.
"Anthony Peak lu pine" Fabaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-3
Lake, Mendoci no, Tehama, Tri n ity
549A, 58 1 C, 597C, 6 1 3C
Lower montane coniferous forest, upper
montane coniferous forest / rocky;
elevation 1 220-2285 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Known from only four occurrences. Possi­
bly threatened by apparent hybridization
with L. albifrons var. collinus. See Leaflets of
Western Botany 3(9):202 ( 1 943) for origi­
nal descri ption.
Lupinus apertus
Considered but rejected: too common
Lupinus cervinus Kel l .
"Santa Lucia lupi ne" Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Monterey, San Luis Obispo
Broadleaved upland forest, lower mon­
tane coniferous forest; elevation
305- 1 370 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Lupinus citrinus Kel l . var. citrinus
"orange lu pine" Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Fresno, Madera
377A, 396C, 397A, 397B, 397C, 3970,
398B, 41 80
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
montane con iferous forest / granitic;
elevation 380- 1 700 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ly.
Threatened by development, road widen­
i ng, vehicles, grazi ng, and logging. See
Proceedings ofthe California Academy ofSci­
ences I 7:93 ( 1 877) for original descrip­
tion, and Madrano 28(3 ): 1 84 for first
Madera Cou nty record.
Lupinus citrinus Kel l . var. deflexus
(Congd . ) J eps.
" Mari posa l u pine" Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
State Threatened
Mariposa
41 9B
Chaparral, cismontane woodland /
granitic, sandy; elevation 400-6 1 0
meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
Known from only six occurrences near
Mariposa Creek. Threatened by develop­
ment, and possibly by grazing. See Muhlen­
bergia 1 :38 ( 1 904) for original description.
Lupinus constancei T.W. Nelson &
J . P. Nelson
"The Lassies lupine" Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Humboldt, Trin ity
6340
Lower montane coniferous forest (ser­
pentin ite); elevation 1 500-2000 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly.
Known from only two occurrences on
Signal Peak and Red Lassie Mrn. See Brit­
tonia 35(2): 1 80-1 83 ( 1 983) for original
descri ption.
Lupinus covillei
Considered but rejected: too common
Lupinus croceus Eastw. var.
pilosellus ( Eastw. ) M u nz
"saffron-flowered lupine" Fabaceae
List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -3
Shasta, Siskiyou, Trin ity
Lower montane coniferous forest;
elevation 900- 1 700 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
See L. croceus in TheJepson Manual.
Lupinus culbertsonii ssp.
culbertsonii
See Lupinus lepidus var. culbertsonii
Lupinus culbertsonii ssp.
hypolasius
Considered but rejected : a synonym of L.
lepidus var. ramosus; a common taxon
Lupinus dalesiae Eastw.
"Qu i ncy l u pine" Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 1 -2-3
Butte*, Plu mas, Sierra, Yuba
559A, 572B, 573A, 573B, 574A, 574B,
588B, 588C, 589A, 589B, 589C, 5890,
590A, 590B, 5900, 605B, 605C, 606A,
606B, 606C, 6060, 607A
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
montane coniferous forest, u pper mon­
tane coniferous forest / openi ngs, often
in distu rbed areas; elevation 855-2500
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
Need h istorical quads for Butte County.
Possibly threatened by logging and
roadside mai ntenance. See Leaflets of
Western Botany 2 : 2 66 ( 1 940) for origi nal
descri ption.
Lupinus dedeckerae
See Lupinus padre-crowleyi
�
Lupinus deflexus
See Lupinus citrinus var. deflexus
Lupinus densiflorus var. glareosus
Considered but rejected : a synonym of L.
microcarpus var. horizontalis; a common
taxon
Lupinus duranii Eastw.
"Mono Lake lupi ne" Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Mono
434B, 435A, 452A, 452B, 452C, 453A,
4530, 470C
Great Basin scrub, subalpine coniferous
forest, upper montane coniferous forest /
volcanic pum ice, gravel; elevation
2000-3000 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
Threatened by vehicles.
210 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Lupinus elatus Jtn. Move to List 1 B? Sonoma County plants Lupinus hypolasius
need taxonomic c on fi rmat i on Identifi ­
"si l ky l u pine" Fabaceae
.
Considered but rejected : a synonym of L.
cation is very difficult; study needed. See
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 L. arboreus in TheJepson Manual. USFWS
lepidus var. ramosus; a common taxon
Los Angeles, Ventura uses the name L. arboreus var. eximius.
Lower montane coniferous forest, upper See Erythea 3 : 1 1 6 ( 1 895) for origi nal Lupinus inyoensis
montane coniferous forest; elevation description. Considered but rejected : a synonym of L.
1 500-3000 meters. argenteus var. heteranthus; a common
Lupinus gracilentus Greene taxon
Perennial herb, blooms June-August.
Sim ilar to L. adsurgens and L. andersonii. "slender l u pine" Fabaceae
Llst 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
Lupinus lapidicola Heller
Lupinus elmeri Greene I nyo, Mariposa, Tuolumne " Mt. Eddy l u pine" Fabaceae
Llst 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
"South Fork Mtn. l u pine" Fabaceae 41 5A, 454B, 454C
Del Norte, Humboldt, Siskiyou, Trinity
List 18 / RED 3-2-3 Subalpine coniferous forest; elevation
2500-3500 meters. Lower montane coniferous forest, sub­
H u m boldt, Trin ity
alpine coniferous forest, upper montane
652A, 652D Perennial herb, bloomsJu ly-August.
coniferous forest / granitic or serpenti­
Lower montane coniferous forest; See Proceedings ofthe Academy ofNatural Sci­ n ite, gravelly; elevation 1 500-3000
elevation 1 3 70-2000 meters. ences ofPhiladelphia 1 892:365 ( 1 893) for meters.
original description .
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly. Perennial herb, bloomsJ uly.
Known only from South Fork Mtn . Threat­ See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
ened by logging. See Pittonia 3 : 1 59 ( 1 897) Lupinus guadalupensis Green e 5 1 :306 ( 1 924) for original descri ption.
for original descri ption. "Guadalupe Island lupine" Fabaceae
Llst 1 B / RED 3-2-2 Lupin us latifolius J. Agard h var.
Lupinus excubitus J ones var. San Clemente Island; Guadal u pe Island barbatus ( Henders.) M u nz
johnstonii C.P. S m ith (Mexico)
"bearded l u p i n e" Fabaceae
SCMC, SCM N, SCMS
"i nterior bush l u pine" Fabaceae Llst 1 8 / RED 3-2-2 •
Coastal scrub (sandy or gravel ly);
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
elevation 1 5-395 meters.
Lassen, Modoc; Oregon I
Los Angeles 674A
Annual herb, blooms February-Apri l .
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous Upper montane coniferous forest
forest / decom posed granitic; elevation Threatened b y Navy activities. Feral her­ (mesic); elevation 1 500-2 500 meters.
1 500-2500 meters. bivores removed from San Clemente
Island, and vegetation recovering. See Perennial herb, blooms J une-J u ly.
Shrub, blooms May-July.
Bulletin ofthe California Academy ofSciences Threatened by grazing. See Bulletin ofthe
Known only from the San Gabriel Mtns. 1 : 1 84 ( 1 885) for original description, Torrey Botanical Club 27( 6):345 ( 1 900) for
Collections from Kern County l i kely and Aliso 5:327 ( 1 963) for d istributional original description, and Aliso 4( 1 ):93
m isidentified. i nformation. ( 1 958) for revised nomenclature.

Lupinus excubitus Jones var. Lupin us holmgrenanus C. P. Sm ith Lupinus latifolius var. dudleyi
medius Ueps.) M u nz " Ho l mgren's l u pi ne" Fabaceae Considered but rejected : taxonomic
" Mou ntain Spri ngs bush l u p i n e" Fabaceae problem, but needs reevaluation
Llst 2 / RED 2-1 -2
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -2 I nyo, Nevada
I m perial, San Diego; Baja California 41 0C, 41 1 D
Lupinus lepidus Dougl. var.
7A, 7B, 1 8C, 1 9A, 1 9 B, 1 9D culbertsonii (Greene) C . P. S m ith
Pi nyon and j u n i per woodland (volcanic);
Pinyon and juniper wood land , Sonoran elevation 1 500-2500 meters. " Hockett Meadows l u p i ne" Fabaceae
desert scrub; elevation 425-1 370 meters. Perenn ial herb, blooms May-June. Llst 18 / RED 3-1-3
Shrub, blooms March-May. Fresno, Mono, Tu lare
Possi bly threatened by vehicles. Lupinus horizontalis 33 1 B, 33 1 C, 3 3 1 D, 352C, 434D
Considered but rejected : too common; a Meadows and seeps, upper montane
Lupinus eximius Davy synonym of L. microcarpus var. horizontalis coniferous forest ( mesic, rocky);
elevation 2440-3000 meters.
"San Mateo tree lupine" Fabaceae
Lupinus humboldtii Perennial herb, blooms July-August.
Llst 3 / RED 2-2-3
San Mateo, Sonoma? See Lupinus constancei Known from fewer than five occu r­
rences. Need q uads for Fresno Cou nty.
429A, 448C, 448D, 503D? See Madrano 22( 4): 1 69- 1 77 ( 1 973) for
Chaparral, coastal scrub; elevation Lupinus hyacinthinus taxonomic treatment.
90-550 meters. Considered but rejected : too common
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms April-J u ly.

Lupinus lepidus Douglas var.
utahensis (Wats. ) H itchc.
"stemless l u p i n e" Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1-1
Inyo, Lassen, Mono; Idaho, Oregon,
Nevada, Utah, Wyoming, and elsewhere
Great Basin scrub, subalpine coniferous
forest; elevation 1 500-38 1 0 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-J uly.
Known in Californ ia only from the
White Mtns., and from Lassen Cou nty.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Arts and Sciences 8:534 ( 1 873 ) for origi­
nal descri ption, and Vascular Plants ofthe
Pacific Northwest 3 : 3 1 5 ( 1 96 1 ) for revised
nomenclature.
I Great Basin scrub, Mojavean desert
Lupinus lobbii
Considered but rejected: too common; a
synonym of L. lepidus var. lobbii
Lupinus ludovicianus G reene
"San Luis O bispo Cou nty l u pine" Fabaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
San Luis Obispo
1 95B, 220A, 220B, 2 2 1 A*, 2 2 1 B, 245C,
2450, 2460, 294C
Chaparral, cismontane wood land / sand­
stone or sandy; elevation 50-525 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ly.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Threatened by grazing and tram­
pling. Official flower of San Lu is Obispo
County. See Bulletin ofthe California Acade­
my ofSciences 1 : 1 84 ( 1 885) for original
descri ption.
Lupin us magnificus J ones va r .
glarecola J ones
"Coso Mountai ns lupi ne" Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
I nyo, San Bernard i no
Great Basin scrub, Joshua tree "wood­
land", Mojavean desert scrub / granitic,
often talus and scree; elevation
1 1 1 0-2440 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Appears after fi res. See L. magnificus in
TheJepson Manual. See Contributions to
Western Botany 8 : 26 ( 1 899) for origi nal
descri ption.
Lupin us magnificus Jones va r.
hesperius ( H e l l er) C.P. S m ith
" McGee M eadows lupi ne" Fabaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1 -3
I nyo
41 3C, 41 40
C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Great Basin scrub, upper montane conif­
erous forest / sandy; elevation 1 260-1 830
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-June.
See L. magnificus in TheJepson Manual. See
Muhlenbergia 2:2 1 2 ( 1 906) for origi nal
description, and Manual ofthe Flowering
Plants ofCalifornia, p. 533 ( 1 925) by W.L.
Jepson for taxonomic treatment.
Lupinus magnificus Jones var.
magnificus
" Panam int Mou ntains lupi ne" Fabaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-3
I nyo
302A, 302C, 3020, 325B, 3280, 348C
scrub, u pper montane coniferous forest;
elevation 1 000-2285 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-June.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
Field surveys needed. See Contributions to
Western Botany 8:26 ( 1 898) for original
descri ption.
Lupinus milo-bakeri C.P. Sm ith
" M i lo Baker's l u pine" Fabaceae
List 18 / RED 2-3-3
State Threatened
Colusa, Mendocino
547B, 547C, 598C, 5990
Cismontane woodland (often along
roadsides), valley and footh i l l grassland;
elevation 395-430 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms J u ne-September.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. One popu lation ( 583C) intro­
d uced . Threatened by urbanization, road
widen i ng, and herbicide application;
many populations seriously affected by
CalTrans spraying in 1 984. Needs taxo­
nomic study; see L. luteolus in TheJepson
Manual. See Four Seasons 1 (3):8-9 ( 1 965)
for differentiation from L. luteolus.
Lupinus montigenus
Considered but rejected: a synonym of L.
argenteus var. montigenus; a common taxon
Lupinus nevadensis H e l l e r
"Nevada l u pine" Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
I nyo, Lassen, Mono, Sierra; Nevada,
Oregon
Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and j u n i per
woodland; elevation 1 000-3000 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-June.
21 1
See Muhlenbergia 6 : 1 07 ( 1 9 1 0) for origi­
nal description.
Lupinus nipomensis Eastw.
"N ipomo Mesa l u pi n e" Fabaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
San Luis Obispo
221 0
Coastal dunes; elevation 1 0-50 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Known from only one extended occur­
rence of five populations on N i pomo
Mesa; fewer than 700 plants known as of
1 997. Threatened by development and
non-native plants. See Leaflets ofWestern
Botany 2 ( 1 0): 1 86-1 88 ( 1 939) for original
descri ption.
Lupinus padre-crowleyi C.P. S m ith
"Father Crowley's l u pine" Fabaceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-3
State Rare
I nyo, Mono, Tulare
306B, 329A, 352A, 393B, 3930, 4 1 4B
Great Basin scrub, riparian scrub, ripari­
an scrub, upper montane con iferous for­
est / decomposed gran itic; elevation
2500-4000 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Th is name predates L. dedeckerae
(both described independently from the
same type locality).
Lupinus peirsonii Mason
" Peirson's l u pine" Fabaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
Los Angeles
1 35A, 1 35B, 1 35 0
Joshua tree "woodland", lower montane
coniferous forest, pi nyon and juniper
woodland, upper montane coniferous
forest / gravelly or rocky; elevation
1 000-2500 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Known only from the San Gabriel Mtns.
See Madrano 1 : 1 87 ( 1 928) for original
descri ption.
Lupinus pratensis var. eriostachyus
Considered but rejected: too common
21 2 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Lupinus pusillus Pursh. var.
intermontanus ( He l l er) C.P S m ith
"intermontane lupi ne" Fabaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1-1
I nyo, Lassen , Mono, Modoc; Arizona,
Idaho, Nevada, Oregon , Utah, Wash ing­
ton, Wyoming, and elsewhere
392B, 393A, 602A, 620B, 620C, 62 1 A,
673 D
Great Basin scrub (sandy); elevation
1 220-1 600 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms May-June.
Need quads for Mono and Modoc coun­
ties. Threatened by grazing and non­
native plants. See Muhlenbergia 8:87
( 1 9 1 2) for original description, and Bul­
letin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 46( 1 ):408
( 1 9 1 9) for revised nomenclature.
Lupinus sericatus Kel l .
"Cobb Mou ntai n lupi ne" Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Colusa, Lake, Napa, Sonoma
SOOB, SOOC, 5 1 6B, 5 1 6C, 5 1 7A, 5 1 7B,
5 1 7D, S33A, 533C, S34A, 534D, S3SC,
547C
Broadleaved upland forest, chaparral,
cismontane wood land, lower montane
coniferous forest; elevation 275-1 525
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-J u ne.
Threatened by geothermal development,
logging, and road widening; wil l colonize
d isturbed sites. See Fremontia 1 3(3):21 -22
( 1 985) for account of reestablishment
project in The Geysers geothermal area.
Lupinus sericeus
Considered but rejected: taxonomic
problem
Lupinus spectabilis Hoov.
"shaggyhair lupine" Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Mariposa, Tuolumne
439A, 439B, 439C, 439D, 457C, 458B,
458D
Chaparral, cismontane wood land I
serpentinite; elevation 260-800 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms April-May.
Threatened by m i n i ng, grazing, and road
construction. See Leaflets ofWestern Botany
2(8): 1 3 1 ( 1 938) for original description.
Lupinus sublanatus
Considered but rejected: a synonym of L.
argenteus var. argenteus; a common taxon
Lupinus tidestromii Greene
"Tidestrom's lupi ne" Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Monterey, Marin, Sonoma
366A, 366C, 485C, 503B, 503D
Coastal d u nes; elevation 0- 1 00 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
April-J u ne.
Known from fewer than 20 occurrences.
Seriously threatened by coastal develop­
ment, trampli ng, and non-native plants;
properly timed grazing may be beneficial.
I ncl udes L. tidestromii var. layneae. Only
Monterey County plants are state-listed
Endangered as var. tidestromii. See Erythea
3 : 1 7 ( 1 895) for original descri ption.
Lupinus tidestromii var. layneae
See Lupinus tidestromii
Lupinus tracyi Eastw.
"Tracy's lupi ne" Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Del Norte, H u m boldt, Siskiyou, Tri nity;
Oregon
Upper montane con iferous forest;
elevation 1 065-2000 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly.
Endangered in Oregon . See Leaflets of
Western Botany 2 ( 1 5 ) :268 ( 1 940) for orig­
inal description.
Lupinus uncialis Wats.
" Li l l iput lupi ne" Fabaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon
674B, 692A, 692B, 692D
Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and j u n i per
wood land / volcanic, gravel ly; elevation
1 300- 1 400 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Known in California from fewer than twen­
ty occurrences. Threatened by develop­
ment. Threatened in Idaho. Not in The
Jepson Manual. See Botany ofthe King Explo­
ration, p. 54 ( 1 871 ) for original description.
Lycium brevipes Benth. var. hassei
(Greene) H itchc.
"Santa Catal ina Island desert-thorn"
Solanaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Los Angeles, San Clemente Island * ,
Santa Catalina Island *
73A, SCM N * , SCTE*
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub;
elevation 1 0-300 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms June.
Rediscovered on the Palos Verdes Pen in­
sula ( Los Angeles County) by A. Sanders
in 1 976. Only a few plants are known;
the occurrence was diminished by grad­
i ng in the 1 930's. Only two wild speci­
mens were known from the Chan nel
Islands; one died in 1 908, the other i n
1 936. See Pittonia 1 : 2 2 2 ( 1 888) for origi­
nal description, and Annals ofthe Missouri
Botanical Garden 1 9 :256-257 ( 1 93 2 ) for
taxonomic treatment.
Lycium califomicum N utt.
"California box-thorn " Solanaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
Anacapa Island , Los Angeles, Orange,
San Bernard i no, Santa Barbara Island , •
San Clemente Island, Santa Catalina
Island, Santa Cruz Island( * ?), San Diego,
San Miguel Island , San Nicolas Island;
Arizona, Baja Californ ia, Guadalu pe
Island (Mexico), Sonora (Mexico)
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub;
elevation 5-1 SO meters.
Shrub, blooms March-August.
Threatened by development. See Botany of
California 1 : 542 ( 1 876) for original
description.
Lycium hassei
See Lycium brevipes var. hassei
Lycium parishii Gray
"Parish 's d esert-thorn" Solanaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1
Imperial, Riverside, San Bernardino*, San
Diego; Arizona, Sonora ( Mexico)
1 8C, 1 8D, 80D, 86A, 1 07A*
Coastal scrub, Sonoran desert scrub;
elevation 305-1 000 meters.
Shrub, blooms March-Apri l .
Lycium verrucosum Eastw.
"San N icolas Island desert-thorn"
Solanaceae
List 1A
San Nicolas Island *
SNIC*
Coastal scrub; elevation unknown.
Shrub, blooms Apri l .
Known o n l y from the type col lection ( i n
1 90 1 ); locality vague. Recent field sur­
veys unsuccessfu l . Perhaps a form of L.
brevipes. See Proceedings ofthe California
Academy ofSciences 1 1 1 1 : 1 1 1 ( 1 898) for
original descri ption , and Annals ofthe
Missouri Botanical Garden 1 9 : 257-258
( 1 932) for taxonomic treatment.
 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 21 3

Lycopodiella inundata ( L. ) H o l u b
" bog club-moss" Lycopod iaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Humboldt, Nevada; Idaho, Oregon ,
Washington, a n d elsewhere
5 57C, 689A, 689C, 689D
Bogs and fens (coastal), lower montane
coniferous forest ( mesic), marshes and
swamps ( lake margi ns); elevation 5-1 000
meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), fertile
September.
Endangered in Idaho and Oregon , and
state-listed as Sensitive in Washi ngton. See
Fremontia 1 2( 2 ) : 1 1 -1 4 ( 1 984) for informa­
tion on Nevada County occurrence.
Lycopodium davatum L.
"ru n n i ng-pine" Lycopod iaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1
Humboldt; I daho, Oregon , Washington ,
a n d elsewhere
635B, 652A, 653C, 671 B, 671 C, 671 D,
672A, 672D, 689A, 689C, 689D
Marshes and swamps, North Coast
coniferous forest ( mesic); elevation
60-790 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), fertile
J u ly-August.
Threatened by logging.
Known i n California only from one occur­
rence in the New York Mtns. Threatened
by grazing.
Lyonothamnus floribundus Gray
ssp. aspleniifolius ( Greene) Raven
"Santa Cruz Island i ronwood" Rosaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
San Clemente I slan d , Santa Cruz Island ,
Santa Rosa Island
SCMC, SCMS, SCZA, SCZB, SCZC,
SCZD, SRON
Broadleaved u pland forest, chaparral,
cismontane woodland ; elevation 20-580
meters.
Tree (evergreen), blooms May-J uly.
Can bloom i ntermittently through much
of year. Threatened by grazing on Santa
Cruz and Santa Rosa islands. Feral herbi­
vores removed from San Clemente Island ;
stump-sprouting noted.
Lyonothamnus floribundus Gray
ssp. floribundus
"Santa Catalina Island ironwood" Rosaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Santa Catalina Island
SCTE, SCTN, SCTW
Broadleaved upland forest, chaparral,
cismontane woodland; elevation 75-500
meters.
Tree (evergreen), blooms May-J u ne.
Feral herbivore populations increasingly
u nder control; stump-sprouting and
seedlings recently noted.
Lyrocarpa coulteri Hook. & H arv
var. palmeri (Wats. ) Rol l .
"Cou lter's lyrepod" Brassicaceae
List 4 I RED 1 - 1 - 1
I m perial, San Diego; Baja California
Sonoran desert scrub (gravelly or rocky);
elevation 1 20-795 meters.
Pere nnial herb, blooms December-April .
Lythrum californicum
Considered but rejected: too common
Machaeranthera ammophila
Considered but rejected: a synonym of
M. arida; a common taxon

Lycopodium inundatum
See Lycopodiella inundata

Lycopus uniflorus M ichx.

"northern bugleweed" Lamiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -1
Del Norte?, H u m boldt, Lassen, Nevada,
Plu mas, Tuolumne; and elsewhere
Lyonothamnus floribundus
Bogs and fens, marshes and swamps; ssp. aspleniifolius
elevation 5-2000 meters.
Peren nial herb, blooms J uly-Septem ber.
Does plant occur in Del Norte County?
See Wasmannjournal ofBiolo?JI 3 3 ( 1 -2):93
( 1 975) for distributional information.

Lycurus phleoides H BK var.

phleoides
"wolftai l" Poaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
San Bernardino; Arizona, and elsewhere
200A
Joshua tree "woodland", pi nyon and
j u n iper woodland; elevation 500 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms August­
September.
214 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS
Machaeranthera asteroides (Torr. )
Greene var. lagunensis ( Keck) Turner
" M ount Lagu na aster" Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 3-3-1
State Rare
San Diego; Baja California
1 9C
Cismontane woodland, lower montane
coniferous forest; elevation 800-2400
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
Known in California from approximately
five occurrences in the Wooded H i l l area
of Mt. Lagu na. Threatened by grazing
and recreational activities. See Brittonia
9:238 ( 1 957) for original description,
and Phytologia 62(3 ):231 -233 ( 1 987) for
revised nomenclature.
Machaeranthera canescens ( Pu rsh )
Gray var. ziegleri ( M u nz) Turner
"Ziegler's aster" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Riverside
65C
Lower montane coniferous forest, upper
montane coniferous forest; elevation
1 400-2470 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-October.
Known only from the Santa Rosa Mtns.
Threatened by grazing. See Aliso 7:65-66
( 1 969) for original description, and Phy­
tologia 62(3 ):257 ( 1 987) for revised
nomenclature.
Machaeranthera cognata
See Xylorhiza cognata
Machaeranthera gracilis ( N utt.)
S h i n n ers
"annual bristleweed" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
San Bernardi no; Arizona, Baja California,
Nevada, New Mexico, Sonora ( Mexico),
Texas, Utah, and elsewhere
Josh ua tree "woodland", Mojavean desert
scrub; elevation 1 220-1 555 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-September.
See Field and Laboratory 1 8 :41 ( 1 950)
for revised nomenclature, and Phyto­
logia 68(6):457 ( 1 990) for taxonomic
treatment.
Madia stebbinsii
Machaeranthera juncea (Greene)
S h i n ners
"rush-like bristleweed" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 - 1
San Diego; Arizona, Baja California,
Sonora (Mexico)
Chaparral, coastal scrub; elevation
240-1 000 meters.
Perennial herb, bloomsJune-January.
See Bulletin ofthe California Academy ofSci­
ences 1 : 1 90 ( 1 885) for original descrip­
tion, and Phytologia 68( 6):43 9-465
( 1 990) for revised nomenclature.
Machaeranthera lagunensis
See Machaeranthera asteroides var. lagunensis
Machaeranthera leucanthemifolia
Considered but rejected : too common; a
synonym of M. canescens var. leucanthemifolia
Madia anomala
Considered but rejected : too common
Madia doris-nilesiae
See Harmonia doris-nilesiae
Madia hallii
See Harmonia ha/Iii
Madia nutans
See Harmonia nutans
Madia radiata Kel l .
"showy madia" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
Contra Costa* , Fresno, Kings*, Kern,
Monterey*, Santa Barbara* , San Benito,
San Joaq u i n * , San Luis Obispo
1 92A*, 2 1 8B, 244A, 245A, 267B* ,
267D, 268A, 291 B*, 291 C, 292A * ,
2 9 2 B * , 292D, 3 1 5D*, 3 1 6D*, 338B*,
338C, 339B, 339D* , 340A, 36 1 C, 362D,
444C* , 444D*, 445A*, 464A* , 48 1 D*
Cismontane woodland, valley and
foothill grassland; elevation 2 5-900
meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Occurrences scattered. Most collections
old; field work needed. Threatened by
grazing and non-native plants.
See Harmonia stebbinsii
Madia subspicata
Considered but rejected : too common
Madia yosemitana
Seejensiayosemitana
Mahonia higginsiae
See Berberis fremontii
Mahonia nervosa var.
mendocinensis
Considered but rejected : a synonym of
Berberis nervosa; a common taxon
Mahonia nevinii
See Berberis nevinii
Mahonia pinnata ssp. insularis
See Berberis pinnata ssp. insularis
Mahonia sonnei
Considered but rejected: a synonym of
Berberis aquifolium var. repens; a common
taxon
Malacothamnus abbottii ( Eastw. )
Kearn .
"Abbott's bush mallow" M alvaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Monterey
294A, 295D
Riparian scrub; elevation 1 35-490 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms
May-October.
Rediscovered in 1 990 by D. Mitchell near
Sargent Creek; now known from eleven
small occurrences. Threatened by hous­
i ng development, grazing, energy devel­
opment, and road construction. See
Leaflets ofWestern Botany 1 : 2 1 5 ( 1 936) for
original description.
Malacothamnus aboriginum
( Rob. ) Greene
" I n d ian Valley bush mallow" Malvaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Fresno, Monterey, San Benito
293A, 293B, 294A, 295D, 3 1 5B, 31 5C,
3 1 6B, 339C, 340B, 340D, 341 A, 341 B,
341 D, 342A, 362C, 363A, 363B, 363C,
363D, 364A?, 364C, 385C, 385D
Chaparral, cismontane woodland /
rocky, often i n burned areas; elevation
1 50-1 700 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms
April-October.
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 215

Appears i n abundance after fires. See
Synoptical Flora ofNorth America 1 ( 1 ):31 1
( 1 897) for original descri ption.
Malacothamnus arcuatus (Greene)
G reene
"arcuate bush mal low" Malvaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, San Mateo
406C, 407A, 407C, 407D, 408B, 427B,
427C, 427D, 428B, 429A, 429D, 448C,
448D
Chaparral; elevation 1 5-355 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ) , blooms
April-September.
Threatened by alteration of fire regimes.
A synonym ofM. fasciculatus i n TheJepson
Manual. See Manual ofthe Botany ofthe
Region ofSan Francisco Bay, p. 66 ( 1 894) by
E. Greene for original descri ption, Leaflets
ofBotanical Observation and Criticism 1 : 208
( 1 906) for revised nomenclature, and
Leaflets ofWestern Botany 6(6): 1 32-1 33
( 1 951 ) for taxonomic treatment.
Malacothamnus clementinus
( M u nz &Jtn . ) Kearn .
"San Clemente I sland bush mallow"
Malvaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
San Clemente Island
SCMC, SCMS
Val ley and foothi l l grassland ( rocky);
elevation 1 0-275 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms
March-August.
Known from six occurrences. Th reat­
ened by Navy activities. Feral herbivores
removed from San Clemente Island, and
vegetation recovering. See Bulletin ofthe
Torrey Botanical Club 5 1 : 2 96 ( 1 924) for
original description, and Leaflets of West­
ern Botany 6( 6): 1 27-1 28 ( 1 95 1 ) for
revised nomenclature.
Malacothamnus davidsonii ( Rob.)
Greene
" Davidson's bush mallow" Malvaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Los Angeles, Monterey, San Luis Obispo
1 1 l A, 1 1 1 B, 1 37C, 1 37D, 294C, 295B,
295D, 3 1 8C
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal
scrub, riparian woodland; elevation
1 85-855 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms J une-January.
Threatened by urbanization i n Los Ange­
les County. I ntergrades with M. fasciculatus.
Malacothamnus densiflorus var.
viscid us
Considered but rejected : a synonym of
M. densiflorus; a common taxon
Malacothamnus fasciculatus (T. &
G . ) Greene var. nesioticus ( Rob.)
Kearn .
"Santa Cruz Island bush mal low"
Malvaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Santa Cruz Island
SCZA, SCZB
Chaparral, coastal scrub / rocky;
elevation 1 5-21 0 meters.
Shrub (decid uous), blooms April-J uly.
Known from only three small occur­
rences. Threatened by erosion and non­
native plants. Occurrence near Christi
Ranch fenced, and Central Val ley occur­
rence appears inaccessible to feral pigs.
Reintroduction work ongoing as of 1 996.
A synonym of M. fasciculatus i n TheJepson
Manual, but recent unpublished molecu­
lar taxonomic work demonstrates taxon
is distinct.
Malacothamnus gracilis ( Eastw. )
Kearn .
"slender bush mal low" Malvaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
San Luis Obispo
Chaparral; elevation 240-370 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms J u ne­
October.
A synonym of M.jonesii in TheJepson
Manual.
Malacothamnus hallii ( Eastw. )
Kearn .
" H all's bush mallow" Malvaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Alameda?, Contra Costa, Merced, Santa
Clara, Stanislaus
384A, 404C, 405D, 406B, 406C, 407A,
427C, 427D, 444C, 444D, 464A, 464B,
464C
Chaparral , coastal scrub; elevation
1 0-760 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ) , blooms May­
September.
Does plant occur in Alameda Cou nty?
A synonym of M. fasciculatus in TheJepson
Manual.
Malacothamnus helleri ( Eastw. )
Kearn .
"Heller's bush mal low" M alvaceae
List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -3
Colusa, Glenn, Lake, Napa, Tehama, Yolo
Chaparral (sandstone); elevation
305-635 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), bloomsJ une-August.
A synonym of M. fremontii in TheJepson
Manual.
Malacothamnus jonesii ( M u nz)
Kearn .
"Jones's bush mal low" M alvaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Monterey, San Luis Obispo
Chaparral, cismontane woodland;
elevation 250-830 meters.
Shrub (decid uous), blooms May-J u ly.
Malacothamnus mendocinensis
( Eastw. ) Kearn.
"Mendocino bush mallow" M alvaceae
List 1A
Mendocino*
550C* , 551 D*
Cismontane woodland; elevation
425-575 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms May-J u ne.
Known from only two historical collec­
tions near Ukiah ( last in 1 939). Recent
intensive field surveys unsuccessfu l . A syn­
onym of M. fasciculatus in TheJepson Manual.
See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 2: 1 88 ( 1 939)
for original description and 6(6) : 1 33-1 34
( 1 95 1 ) for revised nomenclature.
Malacothamnus niveus ( Eastw. )
Kearn .
"San Luis O bispo County bush mallow"
M alvaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Monterey, Santa Barbara, San Lu is
Obispo
Chaparral; elevation 365-790 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms May-J u ly.
A synonym of M. jonesii in TheJepson
Manual.
216 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Malacothamnus palmeri (Wats. )
Greene var. involucratus ( Rob. )
Kearn .
"Carmel Valley bush mallow" Malvaceae
List 1 8 I RED 2-2-3
Monterey, San Lu is Obispo
246B, 246C, 2 70C, 2 7 1 A, 295A, 295B,
295D, 3 1 8C, 3 1 8D, 343 B, 3 65C, 365D,
366C, 366D
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal
scrub; elevation 30-1 1 00 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms
May-October.
Threatened by development in Monterey
County. A synonym of M. palmeri in TheJep­
son Manual. See Synoptical Flora ofNorth
America 1 ( 1 ):3 1 0 ( 1 897) for original
description, and Leaflets ofWestern Botany
6(6): 1 2 1 ( 1 95 1 ) for revised nomenclature.
Malacothamnus palmeri (Wats. )
Greene var. lucianus Kearn .
"Arroyo Seco bush mallow" Malvaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Monterey
3 1 9B, 344D
Chaparral, meadows and seeps; elevation
1 0-91 5 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms May-August.
Known from only three occurrences: two
near Big Sur, and one i n Arroyo Seco in
the Santa Lucia Mtns. A synonym of M.
palmeri i n TheJepson Manual. See Leaflets of
Western Botany 7(1 2):289-290 ( 1 955) for
original description.
Malacothamnus palmeri (Wats. )
Greene var. palmeri
"Santa Lucia bush mallow" Malvaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3
Monterey?, San Lu is Obispo
246B, 247A, 247D, 269C, 271 D, 3 1 8C?,
365C?, 366C?, 366D?
Chaparral ( rocky); elevation 60-360
meters.
Shrub (decid uous), blooms May-J uly.
Monterey Cou nty plants need confi rma­
tion. Threatened by alteration of fire
regimes. A synonym of M. palmeri in The
Jepson Manual. See Proceedings ofthe Ameri­
can Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 2:250
( 1 877) for original description.
Malacothamnus parish ii ( Eastw. )
Kearn .
" Parish's bush mallow" Malvaceae
List 1 A
San Bernardino*
1 06C*
Chaparral, coastal scrub; elevation
305-455 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms J u ne-J u ly.
Known only from the type collection ( i n
1 895). Extirpated b y urbanization . River­
side County record from the Santa Rosa
Mtns. probably erroneous, based on a
m isidentification of Sphaeralcea. Field sur­
veys unsuccessfu l . A synonym of M. fascic­
ulatus in TheJepson Manual. See Leaflets of
Western Botany 1 :2 1 6 ( 1 936) or original
description, and 6(6): 1 3 6 ( 1 95 1 ) for
revised nomenclature.
Malacothrix foliosa
See Malacothrix foliosa ssp. foliosa
Malacothrix foliosa A. Gray ssp.
crispifolia W. 5 . Davis
"wavy-leaved malacothrix" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Anacapa Island
ANAC
Coastal scrub ( rocky); elevation 3-65
meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms March-J u ly.
Threatened by non-native plants. Not in
TheJepson Manual. See Madrano 44(3 ):234
( 1 997) for original description.
Malacothrix foliosa Gray ssp.
foliosa
"leafy malacothrix" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
San Clemente Island; Baja California*
Coastal scrub; elevation 3-1 50 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-J uly.
See Madrano 44(3 ):223-244 ( 1 997) for
taxonomic treatment.
Malacothrix foliosa A. Gray ssp.
philbrickii W. 5 . Davis
"Phil brick's malacothrix" Asteraceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Santa Barbara Island
SBRA
Coastal scrub; elevation 60- 1 00 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-J u ne.
Threatened by non-native plants. Not i n
TheJepson Manual. See Madrano 44(3 ):236
( 1 997) for original description.
Malacothrix foliosa A. Gray ssp.
polycephala W. 5. Davis
"many-headed malacothrix" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
San N icolas Island
Coastal scrub; elevation 60-90 meters.
Annual herb, blooms February-J u ne.
Threatened by non-native plants. Not in
TheJepson Manual. See Madrano 44(3 ):238
( 1 997) for original description.
Malacothrix incana ( N utt. ) T. & G.
"du nedelion" Asteraceae
Llst 4 / RED 1 -1 -3
Santa Barbara, San Clemente Island,
Santa Cruz Island*, San Diego*, San Luis
Obispo, San Miguel Island, San Nicolas
Island, Santa Rosa Island , Ventura
Coastal d u nes, coastal scrub; elevation
2-35 meters.
Perennial herb, bloomsJanuary-October.
Last collected on SCZ Isl in the 1 880's.
See American Midland Naturalist 58(2):506
( 1 957) for taxonomic treatment.
Malacothrix indecora Greene
"Santa Cruz Island malacothrix" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3
Federal Endangered
Santa Cruz Island, San Miguel Island,
Santa Rosa Island
SCZA, SCZB*, S M I E, SRON
Coastal bluff scrub, chaparral, coastal
d unes, coastal scrub; elevation 5-30
meters.
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-September.
Known from only one occu rrence at
Nidever Cyn. (San M iguel Island ) , one
i n Lobo Cyn. (Santa Rosa Island), and
one at Black Pt. (Santa Cruz Islan d ) .
Black Pt. a n d Lobo Cyn. occu rrences
each has fewer than 1 00 i n d ividuals as
of 1 996. Threatened by feral herbivores,
and possibly by erosion. See Bulletin of
the California Academy ofSciences 2: 1 5 2
( 1 886) for original descri ption, and
Madrano 44(3 ): 223-244 ( 1 997) for tax­
onomic treatment.
Malacothrix junakii W. 5 . Davis
"J u n ak's malcothrix" Asteraceae
List 18 / RED 3-3-3
Anacapa Island
ANAC

Coastal scrub; elevation 20-25 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Threatened by non-native plants. Not in
TheJepson Manual. See Madrano 44(3 ):241
( 1 997) for original descri ption.
Malacothrix phaeocarpa W. Davis
"dusky-fruited malacothrix" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Monterey, Santa Barbara, Santa Clara,
San Luis Obispo
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral /
openings, burned or disturbed areas;
elevation 1 00-1 400 meters.
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-J u ne.
Similar to M. floccifera. See Madrano 40(2):
1 0 1 ( 1 993) for original description.
Malacothrix saxatilis ( N utt. ) T. & G
var. arachnoidea ( McGregor) E.
Wil liams
"Carmel Val ley malacothrix" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Monterey, Santa Barbara
1 67C, 342C, 343A, 343B, 343D, 344A,
366D
Chaparral ( rocky); elevation 25-335
meters.
Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
March-December.
Known from approximately ten occur­
rences. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical
Club 3 6 : 605 ( 1 909) for original descrip­
tion, and American Midland Naturalist
58(2): 509 ( 1 957) for revised nomen­
clature.
Malacothrix saxatilis var. implicata
Considered but rejected : too common
Malacothrix saxatilis ( N utt. ) T. & G
var. saxatilis
"cliff malacothrix" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Santa Barbara, Ventura
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub;
elevation 3-200 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
March-September.
See American Midland Naturalist 58( 2) : 5 1 0
( 1 957) for taxonomic treatment.
Malacothrix squalida Greene
" island malacothrix" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Federal Endangered
C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Anacapa Island, Santa Cruz Island
ANAC, SCZC
Coastal bluff scrub, chaparral, cismon­
tane woodland ; elevation 1 5-200 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ly.
Last seen on Santa Cruz Island in 1 968
and on Anacapa Island . in 1 986. Threat­
ened by feral herbivores on Santa Cruz
Island, and by seabird-caused erosion on
Anacapa Island. Field surveys needed;
1 989 surveys on Anacapa Island. were
unsuccesfu l . See Bulletin ofthe California
Academy ofSciences 2 : 1 52 ( 1 886) for origi­
nal description, and Madrano 44(3):223-
244 ( 1 997) for taxonomic treatment.
Malaxis brachypoda
See Ma/axis monophyllos ssp. brachypoda
Malaxis monophyllos ( L. ) Swartz
ssp. brachypoda (Gray) A. Love & D.
Love
"adder's-mouth" Orchidaceae
List 2 / RED 3-3-1
Riverside*, San Bernardino; and else­
where
83C*, 1 05A
Bogs and fens, meadows and seeps,
upper montane con iferous forest I
mesic; elevation 2200-2700 meters.
Peren n ial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
June-August.
Rediscovered in 1 989 by R. Coleman at
South Fork Meadows in the San Bernar­
dino Mtns. Recent surveys ( 1 989, 1 990,
and 1 992) have fai led to fi nd historical
occurrence from Tahquitz Valley in the
San Jacinto Mtns. Threatened by grazing
and tram pling. USFWS uses the name M.
brachypoda. See Our Wild Orchids p. 358
( 1 929) for revised nomenclature, Native
Orchids ofthe United States and Canada
( 1 975) by Luer for nomenclature, Fremon­
tia 1 8( 1 ) : 1 9-2 1 ( 1 990) for account of
rediscovery, and The Wild Orchids ofCali­
fornia, p. 1 00-1 03 ( 1 995) by R. Coleman
for species accou nt.
Malperia tenuis Wats.
"brown turbans" Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 3-1 - 1
Imperial, San Diego; Baja California
5B, 6A, 1 7C, 1 8C,1 8D, 3 1 D
Sonoran desert scrub (sandy); elevation
1 5-335 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-Apri l.
217
Malvastrum kernense
See Eremalche kernensis
Marina orcuttii (Wats. ) Barne by var.
orcuttii
"Californ ia marina" Fabaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3 - 1 -2
Riverside; Baja California
65C
Chaparral, pinyon and j u n i per wood­
land, Sonoran desert scrub / rocky;
elevation 1 050-1 1 60 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-October.
Known in Californ ia from only two
occurrences at Deep Cyn. in the Santa
Rosa Mtns. See Memoirs ofthe New York
Botanical Garden 2 7:85 ( 1 977) for revised
nomenclature.
Marsilea oligospora
Considered but rejected : too common
Matelea parvifolia (Torr. ) Woodson
"spearleaf" Asclepiadaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1 - 1
Riverside, San Bernard ino, San Diego;
Arizona, Baja Californ ia, Nevada, Texas,
and elsewhere
32B, 6 1 A, 6 1 C, 63A, 65B, 65C, 1 02C,
201 C
Mojavean desert scrub, Sonoran desert
scrub / rocky; elevation 440-1 095 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-May.
Maurandya antirrhiniflora Wi l l d .
ssp. antirrhiniflora
"violet twi n i ng snapdragon"
Scroph u lariaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1 -1
San Bernard ino; Arizona, Sonora ( Mexi­
co), Texas, and elsewhere
1 75B, 1 76A, 20 1 C
Joshua tree "wood land'', Mojavean
desert scrub / carbonate; elevation
760-1 525 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-May.
Known in Cal iforn ia from fewer than ten
occurrences in the Providence Mtns. See
Systematic Botany Monographs 5:48-49
( 1 985) for original description.
218 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Maurandya petrophila Cov. &
Mort.
"rock lady" Scroph u lariaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
State Rare
I nyo
368A, 368C, 368D
Mojavean desert scrub (carbonate,
rocky); elevation 5 1 5-1 675 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Known from only five occurrences i n
Titus and Fall canyons. USFWS uses the
name Holmgrenanthe petrophila. Seejournal
ofthe Washington Academy ofSciences 25:
2 9 1 ( 1 935) for original descri ption, and
Systematic Botany Monographs 5 : 54-56
( 1 985) for revised nomenclature.
Meconella californica
Considered but rejected: too common
Meconella denticulata
Considered but re3ected: too common
Meconella oregana N utt.
"Oregon meconella" Papaveraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2
Contra Costa, Santa Clara; Oregon,
Washi ngton , and elsewhere
426D, 465B, 465C, 466A
Coastal prarie, coastal scrub; elevation
250-500 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-Apri l.
Known in California only from five occur­
rences. Threatened by alteration of fire
regimes. Candidate for state l isting in
Oregon, and state-listed as Threatened in
Washi ngton . Not in TheJepson Manual.
Meesia triquetra ( Ric ht. ) An gstr.
Meesiaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Butte, El Dorado, Fresno, Humboldt,
Plu mas, Siskiyou, Tu lare; Nevada, Ore­
gon , and elsewhere
354D, 396D, 41 6B, 522C, 607A, 608D,
634B, 699D
Bogs and fens, meadows and seeps, upper
montane coniferous forest (mesic) / soil;
elevation 1 300-2500 meters.
Moss.
Infrequently encou ntered in California.
Probably impacted by intensive grazing.
See Codex. Bot. Linn. p. 1 045 ( 1 840) for
original description, and Nov. Act. R. Soc.
Sc. Upsa/. 1 2:357 ( 1 844) for revised
nomenclature.
Meesia uliginosa Hedw.
Meesiaceae
Ust 2 / RED 2-2-1
Fresno, Mariposa?, Siskiyou, Tu lare;
Nevada, Oregon, and elsewhere
308A, 375B, 699D
Meadows and seeps, upper montane
coniferous forest / damp soi l ; elevation
1 300-2500 meters.
Moss.
Scattered occu rrences in Cal ifornia, pri­
marily in Sierra Nevada and southern
Cascade Range. Need confirmation of
county for Bolander collection ( l i kely
from Yosemite NP). See Spec. Muse. p. 1 73
( 1 801 ) for original descri ption.
Melica inflata
Considered but rejected: too common; a
synonym of M. bulbosa var. inflata
Melica spectabilis Scri b n .
"pu rple onion grass" Poaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
Del Norte, Humboldt, Mendoci no;
Oregon, and elsewhere
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps, upper montane conifer­
ous forest / mesic; elevation 1 200-2600
meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
May-Ju ly.
Menodora scabra
Considered but rejected : too common
Mentzelia eremophila U eps.) H .J .
Tho m ps. &Joyce Roberts
"sol itary blazing star" Loasaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
I nyo, Kern, San Bernardino
Mojavean desert scrub; elevation
700-1 220 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Threatened by vehicles, grazi ng, and min­
i ng. Can be confused with M. nitens. See
Manual ofthe Flowering Plants ofCalifornia,
p. 650 ( 1 925) by W.L. Jepson for original
description, and Phytologia 2 1 (4):281
( 1 97 1 ) for revised nomenclature.
Mentzelia hirsutissima Wats.
"hai ry stickleaf" Loasaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1
I mperial, San Diego; Baja California
5B, 7A, 1 8C, 1 9A, 1 9B, 32A
Sonoran desert scrub ( rocky); elevation
0-700 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Mentzelia hirsutissima var.
stenophylla
See Mentzelia hirsutissima
Mentzelia leucophylla
Considered but rejected : not in Cal ifor­
nia; misidentification of M. oreophila
Mentzelia nitens
Considered but rejected: too common
Mentzelia reflexa
Considered but rejected : too common
Mentzelia torreyi Gray
"Torrey's blazing star" Loasaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
I nyo, Mono; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon
372B, 41 3B, 4 1 4A, 432B, 432C, 433A,
433C, 433D, 469C, 470A, 470B, 470D,
487C
Great Basin scrub, Mojavean desert
scrub, pi nyon and juniper woodland /
sandy or rocky, alkal i ne, usually volcanic;
elevation 1 1 70-2835 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u n e-August.
Possibly threatened by vehicles, grazing,
and trampli ng. See Proceedings ofthe Ameri­
can Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 0: 72
( 1 874) for original description, and Annals
ofthe Missouri Botanical Garden 2 1 : 1 58-1 59
( 1 934) for taxonomic treatment.
Mentzelia tridentata (A. Davids.)
H .J . Tho m ps. &J oyce Roberts
"creamy blazing star" Loasaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1-3
Imperial, I nyo, Kern, Riverside, San
Bernard i no, San Diego
34A, 64A, 64B, 1 81 A, 1 8 1 B, 1 8 1 C,
1 8 1 D, 235B, 235C, 282B, 305B
Mojavean desert scru b; elevation
700-1 1 60 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Need q uads for Imperial County. See Bul­
letin ofthe Southern California Academy ofSci­
ences 9:71 ( 1 9 1 0) for original descri ption,
and Phytologia 21 ( 4):287 ( 1 97 1 ) for
revised nomenclature.
Menyanthes trifoliata
Considered but rejected: too common

Menziesia ferruginea
Considered but rejected: too com mon
Mertensia bella Piper
"Oregon lungwort" Boraginaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Siskiyou; Idaho, Oregon, and elsewhere
736B, 738B
Meadows and seeps, upper montane
coniferous forest / mesic; elevation
1 500-2000 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J uly.
Sensitive in Idaho, and on review list i n
Oregon . See Proceedings ofthe Biological
Society ofWashington 3 1 :76 ( 1 9 1 8) for
original descri ption.
Mertensia cusickii Piper
"Toiyabe bluebel ls" Boraginaceae
List 2 I RED 3-2-1
Lassen, Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon
673C, 690B, 691 D
Great Basin scrub, meadows and seeps;
elevation 1 495-2500 meters.
Peren nial herb, blooms June-J u ly.
Known i n California from fewer than ten
occurrences in the Warner Mtns. Threat­
ened by grazing. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey
Botanical Club 29:643 ( 1 902) for original
description.
Mertensia longiflora Greene
" l o n g bluebel ls"
Boraginaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Wash­
i ngton, and elsewhere
69 1 A, 707C, 708D, 724C
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­
erous forest; elevation 1 525-2200
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Threatened by grazing. See Pittonia 3:261
( 1 898) for original descri ption.
Mertensia oblongifolia ( N utt.) G.
Don var. amoena (A. Nels. ) L.
Wi l liams
"beautifu l bl uebells" Boraginaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Lassen , Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon,
Utah, Washi ngton, Wyom ing, and else­
where
674A, 690C, 691 A, 691 D, 707B, 708A,
724A, 724B
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Great Basin scrub, meadows and seeps;
elevation 1 630-23 1 5 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-J u ly.
Known i n California from fewer than ten
occurrences in the Warner Mtns. See
Botanical Gazette 30: 1 95 ( 1 900) for origi­
nal description, and Annals ofthe Missouri
Botanical Garden 24: 1 30 ( 1 937) for revised
nomenclature.
Mertensia oblongifolia ( N utt. ) G .
D o n var. oblongifolia
"sagebrush bl uebel ls" Boraginaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah,
Wash ington , Wyoming, and elsewhere
708D, 724B, 724C
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­
erous forest, meadows and seeps, sub­
alpine coniferous forest / usually mesic;
elevation 1 000-3000 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J uly.
Known in California only from the Warner
Mtns. Threatened by grazing. See Annals of
the Missouri Botanical Garden 24: 1 23 ( 1 937)
for taxonomic treatment.
Micropus amphibolus Gray
"Mt. Diablo cottonweed" Asteraceae
List 3 / RED ?-2-3
Alameda, Contra Costa, Colusa, Lake,
Monterey, Marin, Napa, Santa Barbara,
Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, Solano, Sonoma
1 680, 1 69B, 1 94D, 366D, 387B, 407C,
408C, 408D, 428B, 465A, 465B, 465C,
466B, 466C, 467A, 467B, 482B, 484A,
484D, 500C, 501 D, 5 1 6C, 5 1 7C, 5 1 7D,
5 1 8B, 534B, 534D, 547C, 549D
Broadleaved u pland forest, chaparral,
cismontane wood land, valley and foothi l l
grassland / rocky; elevation 45-825
meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Move to List 4? Can be confused with M.
californicus. Many occu rrences old; need
cu rrent status information . See Proceed­
ings ofthe American Academy ofArts and Sci­
ences 1 7: 2 1 4 ( 1 882) for original
descri ption.
Microseris borealis ( Bong. )
Sch .-Bip.
" northern m icroseris" Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 3-3-1
H u m boldt, Mendoci no*; Oregon, Wash­
ington, and elsewhere
5690*, 671 A, 671 D
21 9
Bogs and fens, lower montane coniferous
forest, meadows and seeps / mesic;
elevation 1 000-2000 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne-September.
Known in California from only two occur­
rences near Bald Mtn. and at Lake Prairie.
State-listed as Sensitive in Washington.
Microseris decipiens
See Stebbinsoseris decipiens
Microseris douglasii ( DC . ) Sch .­
Bip. var. platycarpha (Gray)
Cham bers
"small-flowered m icroseris" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San
Clemente Island , Santa Catalina Island,
San Diego; Baja California
Cismontane woodland, coastal scrub, val­
ley and foothill grassland, vernal pools /
clay; elevation 1 5-1 070 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Severely declining due to urban develop­
ment. See Contributions from the Dudley
Herbarium 4(7):296-298 ( 1 955) for taxo-
nomic treatment.
Microseris laciniata ssp.
siskiyouensis
Considered but rejected : too common
Microseris paludosa (Greene) J .T.
Howel l
"marsh m icroseris" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Mendoci no, Monterey, Marin, Santa
Cruz, San Francisco*, San Luis Obispo,
San Mateo*, Sonoma
2 7 1 A, 271 B, 272A, 296D, 366C, 366D,
387B, 408C, 429C*, 466C* , 467A, 485B,
485C, 501 C, 502A, 502C, 5 1 7C, 5 1 8D
Closed-cone coniferous forest, cismon­
tane woodland, coastal scrub, valley and
foothill grassland; elevation 5-300 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-June.
Need quads for Mendocino County. Sim­
ilar to M. laciniata spp. leptosepala. See Bul­
letin ofthe California Academy ofSciences
2(5):52 ( 1 886) for original description,
and Leaflets ofWestern Botany 5: 1 08
( 1 948) for revised nomenclature.
220 CNPS I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D
Microseris sylvatica ( Benth . )
Sch u ltz-Bip.
"sylvan m icroseris" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Alameda, Amador, Butte, Contra Costa,
Colusa, Fresno, Glenn, Kern, Lassen, Los
Angeles( ? * ), Merced, Napa, Nevada,
Placer, San Benito, Santa Clara*, Solano,
Stanislaus, Sutter, Tehama, Tuolum ne,
Tu lare, Yolo
Chaparral, cismontane wood land, Great
Basin scrub, pi nyon and jun iper wood­
land, valley and footh i l l grassland (ser­
pentin ite); elevation 45-1 500 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms March-J u ne.
Threatened by grazing and agriculture.
Mielichhoferia elongata ( Hoppe &
H ornsc h . ex H ook.) Nees & H ornsch.
Bryaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Fresno, Mariposa, Santa Cruz, Trinity,
Tu lare; and elsewhere
354D, 375D, 377A, 409D, 438B, 668C
Cismontane wood land (metamorphic,
rock, usually vernally mesic); elevation
500-1 300 meters.
Moss.
Common ly called "copper mosses"-dis­
tinctive glossy blue-green coloration aids
identification. See Bryol. Germ. 1 86:41
( 1 83 1 ) for original descri ption.
Mielichhoferia tehamensis S howers
Bryaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
Shasta, Tehama
625B, 626A, 643D, 644D
Alpine bou lder and rock field (volcanic,
mesic, rock and soil ) ; elevation 2 500-
2800 meters.
Moss.
Known only from Lassen Volcanic NP.
See The Bryologist 83:365-366 ( 1 980) for
original description.
Mimulus acutidens Greene
" Ki ngs River mon keyflower"
Scrophulariaceae
List 3 I RED ?-?-3
Fresno, Madera, Tu lare
354B, 355A, 376D, 397C, 41 8A
Cismontane woodland, lower montane
coniferous forest; elevation 305-1 220
meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms April-J u ly.
E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS
Move to List 4? Location, rarity, and
endangerment i nformation needed,
espec i a l l y q uads for Fresno and Tulare
cou nties. Many m isidentifications of
Sequoia-Kings Canyon NP plants. A syn­
onym of M. inconspicuus in TheJepson Man­
ual. See Bulletin ofthe California Academy of
Sciences 1 : 1 1 7 ( 1 885) for original descrip­
tion, and Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical
Garden 1 1 (2-3 ):202-203 ( 1 924) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Mimulus alsinoides
Considered but rejected : too common
Mimulus arenarius
Considered but rejected: too com mon;
perhaps a synonym of M. f/oribundus
Mimulus aridus (Abrams) Grant
" low bush monkeyflower" Scrophulariaceae
List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -2
I m perial, San Diego; Baja California
Chaparral ( rocky); elevation 750-1 1 00
meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms April-J u ly.
See M. aurantiacus in TheJepson Manual.
See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
3 2 : 540 ( 1 905) for original description,
and Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical Garden
1 1 (2-3):336-337 ( 1 924) for revised
nomenclature.
Mimulus barbatus
Considered but rejected : too common;
perhaps a synonym ofM. montioides
M imulus bifidus ssp. bifidus
Considered but rejected : too common
M imulus biolettii
See Mimulus filicaulis
Mimulus brachiatus
Considered but rejected : a synonym of
M. layneae; a common taxon
M imulus brandegei Pen n .
"Santa Cruz Island monkeyflower"
Scrophu lariaceae
List 1A
Santa Cruz Island *
SCZA*
Coastal scrub, valley and footh ill grass­
land / rocky; elevation 60-305 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Known from only two collections (last i n
1 932). Possibly extirpated by grazing.
Recent field surveys (including 1 994-1 996)
unsuccessful. May be conspecific with M.
latifolius, which is rare on arroyo beds and
cliffs on Guadalupe Island. A synonym of
M. latifolius in TheJepson Manual.
Mimulus clevelandii Bdg.
"Cleveland's bush mon keyflower"
Scrophu lariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
Orange, Riverside, San Diego; Baja
California
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest / orren in disturbed areas, open­
i ngs; elevation 9 1 5-2000 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Threatened by recreational activities. See
Garden and Forest 8: 1 34 ( 1 895) for origi­
nal description, and Annals ofthe Missouri
Botanical Garden 1 1 (2-3):327-328 ( 1 924)
for taxonomic treatment.
Mimulus cusickii (Greene) Rattan
"Cusick's mon keyflower" Scrophu lariaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Modoc; I daho, Nevada, Oregon ,
Washi ngton
690B, 690C, 691 B, 693 D
Great Basin scrub, lower montane con if­
erous forest; elevation 600-1 830 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-August.
Known in California only from the south­
ern Warner Mtns. See Pittonia 1 :36
( 1 887) for original description, West
Coast Botany, p. 63 ( 1 898) by V. Rattan
for revised nomenclature, and Annals of
the Missouri Botanical Garden 1 1 : 281 -283
( 1 924) for taxonomic treatment.
Mimulus dentatus
Considered but rejected : too common
Mimulus diffusus Grant
" Palomar m o n keyflower" Scrophulariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 - 1
Orange, Riverside, San Diego; Baja
California
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest / sandy or gravel ly; elevation
1 220-1 830 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J une.
A synonym of M. palmeri in TheJepson Man­
ual; possibly indistinct from it. See Annals
ofthe Missouri Botanical Garden 1 1 (2-3 ) :254
( 1 925) for original description.

Mimulus dudleyi
Considered but rejected: too com mon;
perhaps a synonym ofM. floribundus
Mimulus evanescens M e i n ke
"ephemeral mon keyflower"
Scro p h u lariaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-2
Lassen, Modoc, Siskiyou; Idaho, Neva­
da?, Oregon
639A, 642B, 643A, 657B, 659C?, 676D,
7 1 2A, 7 1 4B
Great Basin scrub, lower montane con if­
erous forest, pinyon and jun iper wood­
land / gravelly or rocky, vernally mesic;
elevation 1 250-1 700 meters.
Annual herb, bloomsJ une-August.
Known in California from approximately
six occurrences, and one in Oregon; other
eight known occurrences outside Califor­
nia not recently confirmed. Does plant
occur in Nevada? Possibly threatened by
trampling and hydrological alterations.
Can be confused with M. breviflorus. On
review list in Idaho, and candidate for
state l isti ng i n Oregon. Not in TheJepson
Manual. See Great Basin Naturalist 55(3 ):
250 ( 1 995) for original description.
Mimulus exiguus Gray
"San Bernard i n o Mou ntains mon keyflower"
Scrophulariaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
San Bernardino; Baja California
1 05A, 1 05B, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 D
Meadows and seeps, pebble (pavement)
plain, u pper montane coniferous forest /
mesic, clay; elevation 1 800-23 1 5 meters.
Annual herb, blooms J u ne-J u ly.
Threatened by development and vehicles.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Arts and Sciences 20:307 ( 1 885) for origi­
nal descri ption, and Annals ofthe Missouri
Botanical Garden 1 1 (2-3): 256-257 ( 1 924)
for taxonomic treatment.
Mimulus filicaulis Wats.
"slender-stem med mon keyflower"
Scrophulariaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Mariposa, Tuolumne
41 9B, 438A, 438B, 438C, 438D, 439A,
456A, 456C, 456D, 457C, 457D
Cismontane woodland, lower montane
coniferous forest, meadows and seeps,
upper montane coniferous forest / ver­
nally mesic; elevation 900-1 750 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-August.
C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Threatened by logging and reforestation
with herbicides, and possibly by grazing.
I ncludes M. biolettii. See Proceedings ofthe
American Academy ofArts and Sciences 26: 1 25
( 1 89 1 ) for original description, Annals of
the Missouri Botanical Garden 1 1 (2-3):251 -
252 ( 1 924) for taxonomic treatment, and
Changing Seasons 1 (3):3-5 ( 1 98 1 ) for taxo­
nomic discussion.
Mimulus flemingii M u nz
" island bush mon keyflower"
Scrophu lariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Anacapa Island, San Clemente Island,
Santa Cruz Island, Santa Rosa Island
Coastal bl uff scrub, closed-cone conifer­
ous forest, chaparral , coastal scrub /
rocky; elevation 3-535 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms March­
October.
I ncreasing on Santa Cruz Island after
red uction offeral sheep population. See
M. aurantiacus in TheJepson Manual.
Mimulus glabratus Ku nth. ssp.
utahensis Pen n .
"Utah mon keyflower" Scrophulariaceae
List 2 / RED 3-3-1
I nyo, Mono; Nevada, and elsewhere
326A, 453A, 453B
Meadows and seeps, pinyon and juniper
wood land ; elevation 6 1 0-2000 meters.
Peren n ial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
Apri l .
Known in Cal ifornia from fewer than five
occurrences. Threatened by the dewater­
ing of Mono Lake. See M. guttatus in The
Jepson Manual.
Mimulus glaucescens Greene
"shield-bracted monkeyflower"
Scrophulariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Butte, Colusa, Lake, Nevada, Shasta,
Tehama
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
montane coniferous forest, valley and
footh ill grassland / serpentin ite seeps;
elevation 60-1 240 meters.
Annual herb, blooms February-August.
See Bulletin ofthe California Academy ofSci­
ences 1 : 1 1 3 ( 1 885) for original descrip­
tion, and Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical
Garden 1 1 (2-3 ) : 1 75-1 76 ( 1 924) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
221
Mimulus gracilipes Rob.
"slender-stalked mon keyflower"
Scrophulariaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Fresno, Mariposa, Tuolumne
355A, 376B, 377A, 397C, 41 9B
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
montane coniferous forest / decomposed
granitic, often in burned or disturbed
areas; elevation 500-1 300 meters.
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-J u ne.
Need q uads for Tuolumne County.
Threatened by logging, grazing, veh icles,
and non-native plants. See Proceedings of
the American Academy ofArts and Sciences
2 6 : 1 76 ( 1 89 1 ) for origi nal descri ption,
Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical Garden
1 1 ( 2-3 ) : 2 5 2-253 ( 1 924) for the taxo­
nomic treatment, and Madrano 28( 1 ) : 41
( 1 9 8 1 ) for range extension i nformation.
Mimulus grayi Grant
"Gray's mon keyflower" Scrophulariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Fresno, Madera, Mariposa, Tulare
Lower montane coniferous forest, upper
montane coniferous forest / mesic;
elevation 550-2900 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
A synonym of M. inconspicuus in TheJepson
Manual. See Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical
Garden 1 1 (2-3 ):203 ( 1 924) for original
descri ption.
Mimulus guttatus ssp. arenicola
Considered but rejected : too common;
perhaps a synonym ofM. guttatus
Mimulus inconspicuus Gray
"small-Aowered mon keyflower"
Scrophu lariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Amador, Calaveras, Mariposa, Tuolumne
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
montane coniferous forest / mesic;
elevation 455-760 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-June.
Does not include M. acutidens or M. grayi.
See Report ofthe Pacific Railroad Expedition
4: 1 20 ( 1 857) for original descri ption,
and Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical Garden
1 1 ( 2-3):204-206 ( 1 924) for taxonomic
treatment.
222 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Mimulus johnstonii Grant
"Joh nston's mon keyflower"
Scro p h u lariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Los Angeles, San Bernardino
Lower montane coniferous forest (scree,
disturbed areas, rocky or gravel ly);
elevation 1 280-2920 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms May-August.
Known only from the San Gabriel and
San Bernard ino mou ntains. lntergrades
with M. constrictus in the Western Trans­
verse Ranges. See Annals ofthe Missouri
Botanical Garden 1 1 :280 ( 1 924) for origi­
nal description.
Mimulus laciniatus Gray
"cut-leaved mon keyflower"
Scrophu lariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Amador, Butte, Fresno, Madera, Mari­
posa, Plumas, Tulare, Tuolumne
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest, upper montane coniferous forest /
mesic, granitic; elevation 490-2650
meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J uly.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Arts and Sciences 1 1 :98 ( 1 876) for original
description, and Annals ofthe Missouri
Botanical Garden 1 1 (2-3 ) : 1 83- 1 84 ( 1 924)
for taxonomic treatment.
Mimulus latidens
Considered but rejected: too common
Mimulus microphyllus Benth .
"small-leaved mon keyflower"
Scro p h u I ari aceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Kern
Meadows and seeps ( mesic); elevation
1 770-2450 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-August.
See M. guttatus in TheJepson Manual.
Mimulus mohavensis Lem mo n
" M oj ave mon keyflower" Scrophulariaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
San Bernardino
1 30B, 1 32A, 1 55B, 1 58A, 1 58D, 1 8 1 A,
1 8 1 C, 1 8 1 D, 1 82A*, 1 82 D
Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean
desert scrub / gravel ly; elevation
600-1 200 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-June.
Most historical occurrences i n the
Barstow area have been extirpated or
impacted . Threatened by development,
m i n i ng, non-native plants, and vehicles.
See Botanical Gazette 9: 1 42 ( 1 884) for
original description, and Annals ofthe Mis­
souri Botanical Garden 1 1 (2-3 ) :308-309
( 1 924) for taxonomic treatment.
M imulus norrisii Heckard &
Shevock
" Kaweah mon keyflower" Scrophulariaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
Fresno, Tu lare
332A, 332B, 332D, 3S3C, 354D, 376D
Chaparral, cismontane wood land /
carbonate, rocky; elevation 365-1 300
meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Known from fewer than ten occu rrences
in the Kaweah and Kings River drai nages.
See Madroiio 32(3): 1 79-1 85 ( 1 985) for
original description.
Mimulus nudatus Greene
"bare mon keyflower" Scrophulariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Lake, Mendocino, Napa
Chaparral, cismontane woodland /
serpentin ite seeps; elevation 250-700
meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ne.
See Bulletin ofthe California Academy ofSci­
ences 1 : 1 1 4 ( 1 885) for original descrip­
tion, and Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical
Garden 1 1 (2-3 ) : 1 76- 1 77 ( 1 924) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Mimulus parryi Gray
" Parry's mon keyfower" Scrophulariaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1-1
I nyo; Arizona, Nevada, Utah
350D, 372D, 3 9 1 C, 392A, 392B, 41 2C,
41 20
Great Basin scrub; elevation 1 200-2600
meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms May.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Arts and Sciences 1 1 :97 ( 1 876) for original
descri ption, and Annals ofthe Missouri
Botanical Garden 1 1 : 276-2 77 ( 1 924) for
taxonomic treatment.
M imulus parviflorus
See Mimulus flemingii
Mimulus pictus (Curran ) Gray
"calico mon keyflower" Scrophulariaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Kern, Tulare
21 2A, 2 1 2B, 2 1 3A, 2 1 3C, 238B, 238C,
238D, 239B, 259B, 260A, 261 C, 2 6 1 D,
262A, 262D, 286C, 286D, 309C, 3 1 0A,
310D
Broadleaved upland forest, cismontane
woodland / granitic; elevation 1 00- 1 300
meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Threatened by grazing. See Bulletin ofthe
California Academy ofSciences 1 : 1 06 ( 1 885)
for original descri ption, and Annals ofthe
Missouri Botanical Garden 1 1 (2-3 ):324
( 1 924) for taxonomic treatment.
Mimulus primuloides ssp.
linearifolius
Considered but rejected : too common
Mimulus pulchellus (Greene) Grant
"pansy mon keyfower" Scrophulariaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Calaveras, Mariposa, Tuolumne
437A, 437B, 455B, 456A, 456B, 456D,
457C, 458A, 474C, 474D, 475B, 492C,
493A
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps / vernally mesic; elevation
600-2000 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Threatened by vehicles, logging, and graz­
ing, and potentially threatened by devel­
opment. See Pittonia 2 : 1 04 ( 1 890) for
origi nal description, and Annals ofthe Mis­
souri Botanical Garden 1 1 (2-3 ) : 3 1 6-3 1 7
( 1 924) for revised nomenclature.
Mimulus purpureus Grant
"pu rple mon keyflower" Scrophu lariaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
San Bernard i no; Baja Cal iforn ia
84C, 1 05A, 1 05B, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 D
Meadows and seeps, pebble (pavement)
plain, u pper montane coniferous forest;
elevation 1 900-2300 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Known i n California from fewer than
twenty occurrences. Threatened by devel­
opment and vehicles. See Annals ofthe
Missouri Botanical Garden 1 1 (2-3 ):255
( 1 925) for original description.

Mimulus pictus
Mimulus pygmaeus Grant
" Egg Lake mon keyflower" Scrophulariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
Lassen, Modoc, Plumas, Siskiyou; Oregon
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conifer­
ous forest, meadows and seeps, pinyon
and juniper woodland / vernally mesic,
volcanic, clay; elevation 500-1 840 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-August.
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Rediscovered i n 1 980. Threatened by
grazing and hydrological alterations.
Lassen N F has adopted species manage­
ment guideli nes. See Annals ofthe Missouri
Botanical Garden 1 1 (2-3 ):3 1 2 ( 1 925) for
original description.
Mimulus rattanii Gray ssp.
decurtatus (Grant) Pen n .
"Santa Cruz County mon keyflower"
Scrophu lariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Monterey, Santa Cruz
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest / margins, gravelly; elevation
400-500 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-July.
Field work needed . Threatened by sand
mining. A synonym of M. rattanii in The
Jepson Manual.
Mimulus rupicola Cov. & Grant
" Death Valley mon keyflower"
Scrophu lariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
I nyo
Mojavean desert scrub (carbonate,
rocky); elevation 300-1 800 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Mimulus shevockii H eckard &
Bacig.
" Kelso Creek mon keyflower"
Scrophu lariaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Kern
259C, 260B, 260D
Joshua tree "woodland", pinyon and
juniper woodland / sandy, granitic;
elevation 825-1 340 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Known from only eight occurrences.
Threatened by residential development,
agricu ltural conversion, and vehicles. See
Madrano 33( 4):271 -277 ( 1 986) for origi­
nal description.
Mimulus subsecundus Gray
"one-sided mon keyflower"
Scrophu lariaceae
List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -3
Fresno, Monterey, San Benito, San Luis
Obispo
Lower montane coniferous forest;
elevation 450-9 1 5 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J uly.
223
A synonym of M. fremontii in TheJepson
Manual. See Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical
Garden 1 1 (2-3):285-286 ( 1 924) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Mimulus traskiae Grant
"Santa Catalina Island mon keyflower"
Scro p h u lariaceae
List 1A
Santa Catalina Island *
S CTE*
Coastal scru b?; elevation unknown.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Known only from the type collection ( i n
1 904) near Avalon; locality vague. Possi­
bly extirpated by grazing. See Field Muse­
um ofNatural History 5:226 ( 1 923) for
original descri ption, and Annals ofthe Mis­
souri Botanical Garden 1 1 (2-3 ):323 ( 1 924)
for taxonomic treatment.
Mimulus whipplei Grant
"Wh i pple's mon keyflower"
Scrophulariaceae
List 1A
Calaveras*
475B*
Lower montane coniferous forest;
elevation 670 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May.
Known only from the type collection ( i n
1 854 ) . Many recent searches have not
rediscovered this plant. See M. guttatus in
TheJepson Manual. See Annals ofthe Mis­
souri Botanical Garden 1 1 (2-3 ) : 1 84 ( 1 924)
for original description.
Mimulus whitneyi
Considered but rejected: too common
Minuartia decumbens T.W. Nelson
&J . P. Nelson
"The Lassies sandwort" Caryophyl laceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Tri nity
634D
Lower montane coniferous forest, upper
montane con iferous forest / serpenti nite;
elevation 1 500-1 675 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly.
Known from only one occurrence i n the
Mount Lassies area. See Brittonia 33(2):
1 62-1 64 ( 1 98 1 ) for original descri ption.
224 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Minuartia howellii (Wats. ) Mattf. Minuartia obtusiloba ( Ryd b . ) Minuartia rosei ( Magu ire &
" Howell's sandwort" Caryophyl laceae H ouse Barneby) McNei l l
List 18 / RED 2-1 -2 "alpine sandwort" Caryophyl laceae " Peanut sandwort" Caryophyllaceae
Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon List 4 I RED 1 - 1 - 1 List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
71 8A, 738B, 739A, 739B, 740A, 740D Fresno, I nyo, Mono, Tuolumne; Oregon , Shasta, Tehama, Trin ity
a n d elsewhere Lower montane coniferous forest (ser­
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest / serpentinite, xeric; elevation Alpine boulder and rock field, alpine pentinite); elevation 750-1 525 meters.
550-1 000 meters. dwarf scrub, subalpine coniferous forest / Perennial herb, blooms May-J uly.
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-J u ly. granitic, metamorphic; elevation 3 1 50-
3700 meters. Possibly threatened by logging. See
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of Rhodora 82 :499 ( 1 980) for taxonomic
Arts and Sciences 20:354 ( 1 885) for origi­ Perenn ial herb, blooms J uly-August. treatment.
nal descri ption.
Minuartia stolonifera T.W. Nelson
& J . P. Nelson
"Scott Mou ntain sandwort"
Caryophyllaceae
List 18 / RED 3- 1 -3
Siskiyou
700C
Lower montane con iferous forest (ser­
penti n ite); elevation 1 250- 1 400 meters.
Perenn ial herb (stoloniferous), blooms
May-August.
Known only from two occurrences in the
Mimulus shevockii Scott Mtn. Pass area. See Brittonia 43 ( 1 ) :
1 7-1 9 ( 1 991 ) for original description.

Mirabilis alipes
Considered but rejected: too common

Mirabilis coccinea (Torr. ) Benth . &

H ook.
"red four o'clock" Nyctaginaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1
San Bernardi no; Arizona, Nevada, New
Mexico, Sonora (Mexico)
200B, 274D
Pinyon and jun iper woodland; elevation
1 070-1 800 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
See Botany ofthe U.S. and Mexican Boundary
Survey, p. 1 69 ( 1 859) by W. Emory for
original descri ption.

Mirabilis greenei Wats.

"Greene's fou r o'clock" Nyctaginaceae
Llst 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Colusa, Glenn, Siskiyou, Tehama
Cismontane woodland, pi nyon and
juniper woodland / gravel ly, tal us;
elevation 300-1 065 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ne.

See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Arts and Sciences 1 2 :253 ( 1 876) for original
description, and Madrano 25(3):1 1 3-1 32
( 1 978) for taxonomic treatment.
Mirabilis tenuiloba Wats.
"slender-lobed fou r o'clock" Nyctagi naceae
List 4 I RED 1 -1 -1
I m perial, Riverside, San Diego; Arizona,
Baja Cal ifornia, Sonora (Mexico)
Sonoran desert scrub; elevation
300-1 095 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-May.
See Madrofio 40(3):1 78 ( 1 993) for first
Arizona record .
Mitella caulescens N utt.
" leafy-stem med m itrewort" Saxifragaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1-1
Del Norte, Humboldt, Mendoci no, Siski­
you, Tehama; Idaho, Oregon , and else­
where
552A, 552B, 568C, 569D, 61 3B, 653B,
653C, 671 D, 686C, 70 1 B, 71 9B, 723A,
736A, 738D
Broadleaved upland forest, lower mon­
tane coniferous forest, meadows and
seeps, North Coast con iferous forest /
mesic; elevation 6 1 0-1 700 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
May-J u ly.
Monarda pectinata N utt.
"plains bee bal m " Lam i aceae
List 2 / RED 3-1 -1
San Bernard ino; Arizona, New Mexico,
Texas, Utah, Wyoming, and elsewhere
1 99C
Joshua tree "woodland " , pi nyon and
juniper wood land / rocky; elevation
1 1 50-1 525 meters.
Annual herb, bloomsJuly-September.
Known in California only from one occur­
rence in the Vontrigger Hi lls. See University
ofCalifornia Publications in Botany 41 : 53-54
( 1 967) for taxonomic treatment.
Monardella antonina Hard ham ssp.
antonina
"San Antonio Hills monardella" Lamiaceae
List 3 / RED ?-?-3
Alameda?, Contra Costa?, Monterey,
San Benito?, Santa Clara?
295A, 296A, 3 1 8D, 3 1 9A, 3 1 9C, 344B,
3620?, 385C?, 446C?, 4640?, 465B?
C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Chaparral, cismontane woodland;
elevation 500- 1 000 meters.
Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
June-August.
Move to List 4? Easily confused with M.
villosa ssp. villosa, wh ich may be the taxon
occurring in Alameda, Contra Costa, San
Benito, and Santa Clara counties; needs
clarification.
Monardella antonina Hard ham ssp.
benitensis ( Hard ham ) j okerst
"San Ben ito m onardella" Lamiaceae
List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -3
Monterey, San Benito, San Luis Obispo
Chaparral (serpentinite); elevation
500-9 1 5 meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
June-J u ly.
See Leaflets of Western Botany 8( 3): 55
( 1 956) for original descri ption, and Phy­
tologia 72(1 ) : 9-1 6 ( 1 992) for revised
nomenclature.
Monardella australis
Considered but rejected : too common
Monardella beneolens Shevock, B.
Ertter &jokerst
"sweet-sme l l i ng monarde l la" Lamiaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1 -3
I nyo, Kern, Tu lare
258B, 329A, 329B, 329D
Alpine boulder and rock field, subal pine
coniferous forest, upper montane conifer­
ous forest / granitic; elevation 2500-3500
Monardella douglasii Benth. ssp.
meters.
venosa (Torr. ) jokerst
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
J uly-September.
Known from only three occu rrences on
the eastern Sierran crest. Remoteness of
occurrences lim its disturbance. Hybridizes
with M. linoides ssp. linoides and M. odoratis­
sima ssp. pa/Iida. See Madrofio 36(4):271 -
279 ( 1 989) for original description.
Monardella benitensis
See Monardella antonina ssp. benitensis
Monardella candicans Benth.
"Sierra monardella" Lamiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Amador, Calaveras, El Dorado, Fresno,
Kern, Madera, Mariposa, Nevada, Placer,
San Joaquin, Stanislaus, Tu lare,
Tuolumne?
225
Chaparral, cismontane woodland , lower
montane coniferous forest / sandy or
gravelly; elevation 1 50-800 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J uly.
Does plant occur i n Tuo l u m ne County?
See Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical Garden
1 2 : 1 -1 06 ( 1 925) for taxonomic
treatment.
Monardella cinerea Abrams
"gray m onardella" Lamiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3
Los Angeles, San Bernardino
Lower montane coniferous forest, sub­
alpine con iferous forest, u pper montane
coniferous forest; elevation 1 800-3050
meters.
Perennial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
July-August.
Monardella crispa El m er
"crisp m onardella" Lam i aceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3
Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo
1 71 A, 1 71 C, 1 96A, 1 96B, 1 96D, 2 2 1 D
Coastal du nes, coastal scrub; elevation
1 0- 1 20 meters.
Perennial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
April-August.
Threatened by vehicles. Hybrid izes with
M. frutescens.
Monardella diaboli
Considered but rejected : not published
"veiny monardel la" Lamiaceae
List 1 8 I RED 3-3-3
Butte, Sutter*, Tuolumne
459A, 544D*, 576A* , 576B, 577A*,
593D*
Cismontane woodland, valley and foothi l l
grassland / heavy clay; elevation 60-41 0
meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Rediscovered in 1 992 by B. Castro.
Threatened by development of waste­
water treatment plant. See Madrofio
40( 4 ): 270 ( 1 993) for information on
rediscovery.
226 CNPS I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Monardella follettii U eps.) j okerst
"Follett's monardella" Lamiaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Nevada, Plumas
542A, 590A, 590B, 606C, 606D
Lower montane con iferous forest ( rocky,
serpentinite); elevation 600-2000 meters.
Shrub, blooms J u ne-September.
Known from eight occurrences. Threat­
ened by m i n ing and loggi ng. See Flora
of California 3 ( 2):437 ( 1 943) by W. L.
J epson for origi nal descri ption, and Phy­
tologia 72(1 ) : 9- 1 6 ( 1 992) for revised
nomenclature.
Monardella frutescens ( H oov. )
J o kerst
"San Lu is Obispo monardel la" Lam i aceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo
1 71 A, 1 71 C, 1 71 D, 1 96A, 1 96B, 1 96D,
2 2 1 D, 247D
Coastal du nes, coastal scrub (sandy);
elevation 1 0-200 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
May-September.
Monardella linoides Gray ssp.
Threatened by coastal development and
vehicles. Hybridizes with M. crispa. See
viminea (Greene) Abrams
Leaflets ofWestern Botany S: 1 79- 1 82
( 1 949) for original description, and Phy­
tologia 72( 1 ):9-1 6 ( 1 992) for revised
nomenclature.
Monardella hypoleuca Gray ssp.
lanata (Abrams) M u nz
"felt-leaved m onardel la" Lam i aceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-2
Orange, San Diego; Baja California
9B, 9C, l OA, 1 0D, 20A, 20B, 20C, 2 1 A,
2 1 D, 34A, 34C, 35C, 49D, 5 1 A, 69B,
69C, 70A
Chaparral, cismontane woodland;
elevation 300-1 1 90 meters.
Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
J u ne-August.
Historical occurrences need field su rveys.
Monardella leucocephala Gray
" Merced monardella" Lam i aceae
List 1A
Merced * , Stan islaus*
422B*, 423A* , 440B*, 441 A*
Valley and footh i l l grassland (sandy);
elevation 35-1 00 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms May-August.
Last seen in 1 941 . May have been extir­
pated by agricultu re. Good potential for
rediscovery, but field surveys in 1 990-
1 992 and 1 997 u nsuccessfu l . See Pro­
ceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
and Sciences 7:385 ( 1 867) for o riginal
description, and Annals ofthe Missouri
Botanical Garden 1 2 :90-9 1 ( 1 9 2 5 ) for
taxonomic treatment.
Monardella linoides Gray ssp.
oblonga (Greene) Abrams
"flax-like monardel la" Lamiaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1 -3
Kern, Tulare, Ventura
1 89C, 1 90C, 1 90D, 1 9 1 0, 239B, 262D,
285A
Lower montane coniferous forest, pi nyon
and juniper wood land , upper montane
con iferous forest; elevation 900-2470
meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
June-August.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Possi bly indistinct from ssp.
linoides.
"wi l l owy monardella" Lamiaceae
List 18 / RED 2-3-2
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
San Diego; Baja California
l OB, 1 0C, 2 1 B, 22A, 22B, 2 2C, 22D
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
coastal scrub, riparian scrub, riparian
scrub, riparian wood land; elevation
50-400 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J une-August.
Known in California from fewer than fif­
teen occurrences, and in Baja California
from only one population. Threatened by
u rbanization, road improvements, vehi­
cles, and non-native plants. See Pittonia
5:85 ( 1 902) for original description.
Monardella macrantha Gray ssp.
hallii Abrams
" Hall's monardella" Lamiaceae
List 18 / RED 2-1 -3
Orange, Riverside, San Bernard i no, San
Diego
20A, 20D, 33D, 48C, 49A, 49B, 49C,
49D, 70A, 83C, 86A, 1 05C, 1 06B, 1 06D
Broadleaved u pland forest, chaparral,
cismontane woodland, lower montane
coniferous forest, valley and foothill
grassland; elevation 730-2 1 95 meters.
Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
J une-August.
I ntermediates to ssp. macrantha are com­
mon. See Muhlenbergia 8:26-44 ( 1 9 1 2)
for original descri ption.
Monardella nana Gray ssp.
leptosiphon (Torr. ) Abrams
"San Felipe m onardella" Lamiaceae
List 1 8 I RED 3-2-2
San Diego; Baja California
48D, 49A, 49D
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest; elevation 1 200-1 855 meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
June-J u ly.
Known in California from fewer than
twenty occurrences. Threatened by wood­
cutting, habitat conversion, and grazing.
See Report ofthe U.S. and Mexican Boundary
Survey, p. 1 29 ( 1 859) by W. Emory for
origi nal description, and Muhlenbergia
8:31 ( 1 9 1 2 ) for revised nomenclature.
Monardella palmeri Gray
" Palmer's monardella" Lamiaceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Monterey, San Luis Obispo
245C, 246B, 246C, 2 72A, 295C, 296A,
296B, 296C, 296D
Chaparral, cismontane woodland /
serpentinite; elevation 200-800 meters.
Perennial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
June-August.
Possibly threatened by development.
Monardella pringlei Gray
" Pri ngle's monardella" Lamiaceae
List 1 A
Riverside*, San Bernardino*
1 07C*, 1 07D*
Coastal scrub (sandy); elevation
300-400 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Last seen i n 1 92 1 . Known from only two
occurrences from the vici n ity of Colton.
Habitat lost to urbanization. Recent field
su rveys have been unsuccessfu l . See Pro­
ceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts and
Sciences 1 9:96 ( 1 883) for original descrip­
tion, and Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical
Garden 1 2 :86-87 ( 1 925) for taxonomic
treatment.
Monardella purpurea
Considered but rejected : too common

Monardella robisonii Epl.
" Robison's monardel la" Lam i aceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-3
Riverside, San Bernardino
8 1 A, 1 00B, 1 02C, 1 03B, 1 03 D, 1 04D
Pinyon and j u n i per woodland ; elevation
6 1 0-1 500 meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
April-October.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. May occur in Baja California;
need confirmation. Closely related to and
possibly a variety of M. linoides.
Monardella scelerata
Considered but rejected : not pu blished
Monardella stebbinsii Hard ham &
Bartel
"Stebbins's m onardella" Lam iaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
Plu mas
606C
Broadleaved upland forest, chaparral,
lower montane coniferous forest / ser­
pentinite, rocky; elevation 780-1 1 00
meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
J uly-September.
Known from only four occurrences along
the North Fork of the Feather River. Possi­
bly threatened by mining. See A/iso 1 2(4):
693-699 ( 1 990) for original description.
Monardella undulata Benth.
"cu rly-leaved monardel la" Lam i aceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Monterey, Mari n , Santa Barbara, Santa
Cruz, San Francisco, San Luis Obispo,
San Mateo, Sonoma
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
coastal du nes, coastal prarie, coastal
scrub, lower montane coniferous forest
( ponderosa pine sandh i lls) / sandy;
elevation 0-305 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-September.
Threatened by coastal development,
sand mining, and non-native plants.
Monardella undulata var.
frutescens
See Monardella frutescens
C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Monardella villosa Benth. ssp.
globosa (Greene) Jo kerst
"robust monarde lla" Lamiaceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-3
Alameda, Contra Costa, Hu mboldt,
Lake, Mendocino, Napa, San Mateo,
Sonoma
428C, 446C, 447A, 465B, 465C, 482C,
482D, 499D, 503D, 5 1 8D, 5 1 9A, 600B,
635C
Chaparral (openings), cismontane wood­
land, coastal scrub; elevation 1 85-600
meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
J u ne-J u ly.
Known from approximately ten occur­
rences. Most not recently seen; need field
surveys. Need quads for Lake and Marin
counties. See Pittonia 5:82 ( 1 902) for origi­
nal description, and Phytologia 72( 1 ):9-1 6
( 1 992) for revised nomenclature.
Monardella villosa ssp.
obispoensis
Considered but rejected: too common
Monardella viridis J eps. ssp.
saxicola Utn . ) Ewan
"rock monardella" Lam iaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Los Angeles, San Bernardino
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest / rocky; elevation 500-1 800
meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
J u ne-September.
Threatened by development.
Monardella viridis J eps. ssp. viridis
"green monardella" Lam iaceae
List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -3
Lake, Napa, Solano, Sonoma
Broad leaved u pland forest, chaparral,
cismontane woodland; elevation
300-1 01 0 meters.
Peren nial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
J u ly-September.
Hybridizes with M. villosa ssp. villosa.
Moneses uniflora ( L. ) Gray
"wood nym p h " Ericaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -1
Del Norte, Fresno, H umboldt, Siskiyou;
Oregon, Washington, and elsewhere
Broadleaved upland forest, North Coast
coniferous forest; elevation 1 00-1 065
meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
227
Monolopia congdonii (Gray) B.G.
Baldwi n
"San Joaq u i n woollythreads" Asteraceae
List 1 8 I RED 2-2-3
Federal Endangered
Fresno, Kings, Kern, Santa Barbara, San
Benito, San Luis Obispo, Tulare*
1 67C, 1 92A*, 1 92 B , 1 92 D, 2 1 7B,
2 1 7C, 2 1 7D, 2 1 8A, 2 1 8C, 2 1 8D,
239A* , 239B*, 239D, 240A* , 240B*,
240C, 241 B, 242B, 243A* , 265B*,
265C, 2 6 5 D * , 266D*, 287B*, 290B,
290C, 2 9 1 A*, 2 9 1 B * , 3 1 3C*, 3 1 4A*,
3 1 4B*, 3 1 4C, 3 1 4D, 3 1 5A*, 3 1 5C,
3 1 5 D, 338A* , 338B* , 338D*, 360B*,
360C*, 3 6 1 B*, 3 6 1 C, 3 6 1 D
Chenopod scrub, valley and foothill
grassland (sandy); elevation 60-800
meters.
Annual herb, blooms February-May.
Approxi mately half of historical occur­
rences extirpated. Seriously threatened by
agricultural conversion, energy develop­
ment, u rbanization, grazing, trampling,
and vehicles. Federally-l isted as Lembertia
congdonii; see this name i n TheJepson Man­
ual. See Proceedings ofthe American Academy
ofArts and Sciences 1 9:20 ( 1 883) for origi­
nal description, and Novon 9 :460-461
( 1 999) for revised nomenclature.
Monolopia major
Considered but rejected: too com mon
Monotropa hypopithys
Considered but rejected: too common
Monotropa uniflora L.
" I n d ian-pipe" Ericaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Del Norte, Hu mboldt; Oregon, Washing­
ton, and elsewhere
672C, 740C, 740D
Broadleaved u pland forest, North Coast
coniferous forest; elevation 1 0-200
meters.
Perenn ial herb (achlorophyl lous), blooms
June-J u ly.
Montia fu nstonii
Considered but rejected : a synonym of
M. fontana; a common taxon
228 C N P S I N V E NTO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N TS
Montia howellii Wats.
" H owell's montia" Portu lacaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Del Norte?*, H u m boldt, Trin ity; Oregon,
Washi ngton, and elsewhere
6 1 7A*, 6 1 7C*, 6 1 7D*, 634C, 635A,
635B, 635D, 636A, 653C, 669C, 670A* ,
672C*, 672D
Meadows and seeps, North Coast conif­
erous forest, vernal pools / vernally
mesic; elevation 0-595 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Rediscovered in Cal ifornia in 1 999; now
known in Cal ifornia from approximately
ten occurrences. Did plant occur in Del
Norte County? Threatened by logging
and road construction. Candidate for
state listi ng in Oregon. Sometimes m is­
taken for M. fontana or M. dichotoma. See
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
and Sciences 1 8: 1 9 1 ( 1 883) for original
description.
Montia saxosa
Considered but rejected : a synonym of
Claytonia saxosa; a common taxon
Mortonia utahensis (Tre l . ) A. Nels.
" Utah mortonia" Celastraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
I nyo, San Bernardino; Arizona, Nevada,
New Mexico, Texas, Utah
Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean
desert scrub, pi nyon and juni per wood­
land / carbonate; elevation 760-2 1 00
meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms March-May.
See Synoptical Flora ofNorth America 1 ( 1 ) :
400 ( 1 897) for original description, and
Botanical Gazette 47:427 ( 1 909) for
revised nomenclature.
Mucronea californica Benth .
"California spi neflower" Polygonaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Kern, Los Angeles, Monterey, Orange,
Riverside, Santa Barbara, San Bernardino,
San Diego, San Luis Obispo, Ventura
Chaparral, cismontane woodland,
coastal d u nes, coastal scrub, valley and
foothi l l grassland / sandy; elevation
0-1 400 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-August.
Rare in southern California. Many
herbari u m records old. Threatened by
aggregate m i n i ng, vehicles, flood control
mod ification, u rbanization, and water
percolation projects. I ncl udes Chorizanthe
californica var. suskdorfii. See Phytologia
66(3):203-205 ( 1 989) for revised
nomenclature.
Muhlenbergia appressa C. Good d .
"appressed m u h ly" Poaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
San Bernardino, San Clemente Island;
Arizona, Baja California
1 76A, SCMC, SCMS
Coastal scrub, Mojavean desert scrub,
valley and foothill grassland / rocky;
elevation 20-1 600 meters.
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-May.
Known in California only from Provi­
dence Mtns. (San Bernard ino Cou nty),
and San Clemente Island; has this taxon
been poorly col lected in California? See
journal ofthe Washington Academy ofSciences
3 1 :504 ( 1 9 1 4) for original descri ption,
and Madrano 35( 4):353 ( 1 988) for dis­
cussion of San Clemente Island records.
Muhlenbergia arsenei H itchc.
"tough m u h ly" Poaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1-1
San Bernardino; Arizona, Baja California,
Nevada, New Mexico, Utah
200A, 225D, 249D
Pinyon and jun iper wood land ( rocky, car­
bonate); elevation 1 400-1 860 meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
August-October.
Known in California only from the Clark
and New York mountains.
Muhlenbergia californica Vasey
"Californ ia m u h ly" Poaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernardino
Chaparral, coastal scrub, lower montane
coniferous forest, meadows and seeps /
mesic, seeps and stream banks; elevation
1 00-2000 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
July-September.
See Botanical Gazette 7:92 ( 1 882) for origi­
nal description .
Muhlenbergia fragilis Swall.
"delicate m u h ly" Poaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
San Bernardino; Arizona, Baja California,
New Mexico, Sonora (Mexico), Texas,
and elsewhere
225D, 249D
Pinyon and juniper woodland (carbonate,
gravelly); elevation 1 600 meters.
Annual herb, blooms October.
Known in California only from the Clark
and New York mountains. See Contribu­
tions from the U.S. National Herbarium
29:206 ( 1 947) for original descri ption,
and Madrano 35(4):353 ( 1 988) for first
Cal iforn ia record.
Muhlenbergia jonesii (Vasey)
H itchc.
"Jones's m u h ly" Poaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Lassen, Mono, Modoc, Nevada, Placer,
Plumas, Shasta, Siskiyou, Trin ity
Lower montane coniferous forest, u pper
montane coniferous forest; elevation
1 1 30-2 1 30 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms June-August.
See Botanical Gazette 6:297 ( 1 881 ) for
original description, Flora ofCalifornia
1 : 1 1 1 ( 1 9 1 2) by W. L. Jepson for revised
nomenclature, and Brittonia 50(1 ):39
( 1 998) for taxonomic treatment.
Muhlenbergia pauciflora Buckl.
" few-flowered m u h ly" Poaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
San Bernardino; Arizona, and elsewhere
200A
Pi nyon and j u n i per woodland (rocky);
elevation 1 75 5 meters.
Perenn ial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
September.
Known in California only from one occur­
rence in the New York Mtns. See Madrano
35( 4 ):353-359 ( 1 988) for first Californ ia
record .
Mui Ila clevelandii (Wats . ) Hoov.
"San Diego goldenstar" Li l iaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-3-2
San Diego; Baja California
1 0A, 1 0B, 1 0C, 1 0D, 1 1 D, 2 1 B, 2 1 C,
2 1 D, 22A, 22B, 22C, 22D, 33D, 35C
Chaparral, coastal scrub, valley and
footh ill grassland, vernal pools / clay;
elevation 50-465 meters.
Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms May.
Threatened by urbanization, road con­
struction, vehicles, and i l legal dumping.
Muilla coronata Green e
"crowned m u i lla" Li liaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
I nyo, Kern, Los Angeles, San Bernard i no,
Tulare; Nevada
Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean
desert scrub, pinyon and j u n i per wood­
land; elevation 1 000-1 600 meters.

Perennial herb (bulbiferous), blooms
March-April.
See Pittonia 1: 1 65 ( 1 888) for original
descri ption, and Aliso 1 0( 4):621 -627
( 1 984) for taxonomic treatment.
Muilla transmontana
Considered but rejected : too common
Munroa squarrosa ( N utt.) Torr.
"false buffalo-grass" Poaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
San Bernard ino; Arizona, Nevada, and
elsewhere
200A, 249D
Pinyon and juniper woodland (gravelly or
rocky); elevation 1 500-1 800 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms October.
Known in Cal ifornia only from the Clark
and New York mountai ns. May appear
only after heavy summer rains.
Munzothamnus blairii
See Stephanomeria blairii
Myosotis laxa
Considered but rejected : too common
Myosurus minimus L. ssp. apus
(Greene) G . R. Cam pbell
" l i ttle m ousetail" Ran u ncu laceae
List 3 / RED 2-3-2
Alameda, Butte, Contra Costa, Colusa,
Kern, Riverside, San Bernard ino, San
Diego, Solano, Stanislaus, Tu lare; Baja
California, Oregon
1 0A, 1 0B, 1 0C, 1 1 D, 22B, 22D, 34C,
68A, 68B, 68C, 69A, 69D, 86A, 86D,
1 3 1 B, 288A, 423B, 424A, 445B, 463D,
464A, 498D, 56 1 D, 562C
Valley and foothill grassland, vernal pools
(alkal i ne); elevation 20-640 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms March-J u ne.
Move to List 1 B? Need q uads for Kern
County. Reduced by vernal pool habitat
loss; threatened by vehicles, grazing,
development, and agricu lture. Taxonomic
problems; distinguishing between this
taxon and M. sessilis ( M. minimus ssp.
=
apus var. sessiliflorus in A California Flora
(1 959) by P. Munz) is difficult; are both
rare? May be a stabilized hybrid between
M. minimus and M. sessilis, at least in the
Central Valley; see Evolution 1 3 : 1 5 1 -1 74
(1 959) for details. See M. minimus in The
Jepson Manual. See Bulletin ofthe California
Academy ofSciences 1 :277 ( 1 885) for origi­
nal description, and Aliso 2( 4 ):396 ( 1 952)
for revised nomenclature.
C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Myrica hartwegii
Considered but rejected : too com mon
Myriophyllum quitense
Considered but rejected : not native
Myurella julacea (Schwaegr. )
Sch i m p.
Pteri gyn and raceae
List 2 / RED 3-1 - 1
I nyo, Tulare; Oregon , and elsewhere
373D, 394A
Alpine bou lder and rock field , subalpine
coniferous forest / damp rock and soil;
elevation 2700-3000 meters.
Moss.
Known in California only from two occur­
rences. See Reise Glockner 2:363 ( 1 804)
for original description.
Nama dichotomum ( Ru iz, Lopez &
Pav. ) Choisy var. dichotomum
"forked purple mat" Hydrophyl laceae
List 2 / RED 3-1 -1
San Bernard i no; Arizona, New Mexico,
Texas, and elsewhere
225D
Pinyon and jun iper wood land (granitic or
carbonate); elevation 1 900-2200 meters.
Annual herb, blooms September-October.
Known in Californ ia only from the New
York Mtns.
Nama stenocarpum Gray
,,
" m u d nama Hydrophyllaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
I m perial*, Los Angeles* , Orange, River­
side, San Clemente Island, San Diego;
Arizona, Baja California, and elsewhere
l A* , l B* , l OB, 1 1 A, 3 6A*, 70B, 7 1 A,
7 1 D, 72A* , 85A, 1 1 1 C*, SCMN
Marshes and swamps ( lake margi ns,
riverbanks); elevation 5-500 meters.
Ann ual/perennial herb, blooms
January-J uly.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Arts and Sciences 1 0:331 ( 1 875) for origi­
nal description, and Americanjournal of
Botany 20:41 5-430, 5 1 8-534 ( 1 933) for
taxonomic treatment.
Nasturtium gambellii
See Rorippa gambellii
229
Navarretia cotulifolia ( Be nth . )
Hook. & Arn.
"cotula navarretia" Polemoniaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Alameda, Butte, Contra Costa, Colusa,
Glen n , Lake, Mendocino, Marin, Napa,
San Benito, Santa Clara, Siskiyou?,
Solano, Sonoma, Sutter, Yolo
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, valley
and foothill grassland / adobe; elevation
4-1 830 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-June.
Does plant occur i n Siskiyou County?
Threatened by non-native plants.
Navarretia eriocephala Mason
"hoary navarretia" Polemon iaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Amador, Calaveras, El Dorado, Placer,
Sacramento
Cismontane woodland, valley and
footh ill grassland / vernally mesic;
elevation 1 05-400 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-June.
lntergrades somewhat with N. heterandra.
See Madrono 8(6 ) : 1 96 ( 1 946) for original
descri ption.
Navarretia fossalis Moran
"spreading navarretia" Polemon iaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-3-2
Federal Threatened
Los Angeles, Riverside, San Diego, San
Lu is Obispo*; Baja California
l OB, l OC, 1 1 A, 1 1 D, 22B, 22C, 34C, 35B,
35C, 36D, 5 1 C, 68A, 85C, 85D, 1 37B
Chenopod scrub, marshes and swamps
(assorted shallow freshwater), playas,
vernal pools; elevation 30-1 300 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Threatened by urbanization, agricu lture,
road construction, grazi ng, flood control,
and vehicles. See Madrofio 24(3 ):1 55-1 59
( 1 977) for original description and
45(4):327-328 ( 1 998) for distribution
i nformation.
Navarretia hamata ssp. parviloba
Considered but rejected : too common
230 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Navarretia heterandra Mason
"Tehama navarretia" Polemoniaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Butte, Colusa, Lake, Shasta, Tehama,
Tri n ity, Yuba; Oregon
Val ley and foothill grassland ( mesic),
vernal pools; elevation 30-945 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms April-June.
To be expected elsewhere; need informa­
tion . Endangered in Oregon . See Madrano
8(6): 1 97 ( 1 946) for original description.
Navarretia heterodoxa ssp.
rosulata
See Navarretia rosulata
Navarretia jaredii Eastw.
" Paso Robles navarretia" Polemoniaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Monterey, San Lu is Obispo
Chaparral?, cismontane wood land, valley
and foothill grassland / clay, serpentinite;
elevation 200-600 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J uly.
Navarretia jepsonii V. Bailey
"Jepson's navarretia" Po lemon iaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Colusa, Glenn, Lake, Napa, Tehama, Yolo
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, valley
and footh ill grassland / serpentinite;
elevation 200-855 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Navarretia leucocephala Benth .
ssp. bakeri ( M ason ) A.G. Day
" Baker's navarretia" Polemoniaceae
List 1 B I RED 2-3-3
Colusa, Lake, Mendoci no, Marin, Napa,
Solano, Sonoma, Tehama
484A, 498D, 501 A, 501 B, 502A, 5 1 6C,
5 1 7C, 5 1 7D, 5 1 8D, 533A, 533B, 533D,
566C, 567A, 583C, 594C
Cismontane woodland , lower montane
coniferous forest, meadows and seeps,
valley and foothill grassland, vernal
pools / mesic; elevation 1 5-1 740 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-Ju ly.
May be more widespread; need informa­
tion. Need quads for Colusa County.
Threatened by development and agricul­
ture. See Madrano 8(6): 1 98 ( 1 946) for
original description, and Navan 3( 4 ):33 1 -
340 ( 1 993) for revised nomenclature.
Navarretia leucocep hala Benth.
ssp. pauciflora ( M ason ) A.G. Day
"few-flowered navarretia" Polemoniaceae
List 1 B I RED 3-3-3
State Threatened/Federal
Endangered
Lake, Napa
499B, 500A, 533A, 533B, 533C, 534A,
534D
Vernal pools (volcanic ash flow);
elevation 400-855 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Known from six occurrences. Threat­
ened by altered hydrology, erosion, graz­
i ng, veh icles, and recreation. lntergrades
rarely with ssp. plieantha. State-listed as
N. pauciflora. See Madrano 8( 6): 200
( 1 946) for origi nal descri ption, and
Navan 3( 4 ) : 33 1 -340 ( 1 993) for revised
nomenclature.
Navarretia leucocephala Benth .
ssp. plieantha ( Mason ) A.G. Day
"many-flowered navarretia" Polemoniaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Lake, Sonoma
5 0 1 A* , 5 1 7C, 5 1 8D, 533B, 533C, 533D,
534A
Vernal pools (volcanic ash flow);
elevation 30-950 meters.
Ann ual h erb, blooms May-J une.
Known from approximately seven occur­
rences. Threatened by grazing, develop­
ment, and veh icles. Protected in part at
Loch Lomond Vernal Pool ER (DFG) and
Bogg's Lake Preserve (TNC). State-listed
as N. plieantha. l ntergrades rarely with
ssp. paucif/ora. See Madrano 8( 6): 1 99
( 1 946) for origi nal descri ption, and
Navan 3(4) :331 -340 ( 1 993) for revised
nomenclature.
Navarretia mitracarpa ssp. jaredii
See Navarretia jaredii
Navarretia myersii
See Navarretia myersii ssp. myersii
Navarretia myersii P.S. Allen & Day
ssp. deminuta Day
"small pincushion navarretia"
Polemoniaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Lake
5 1 7A
Vernal pools (clay loam); elevation 355
meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
Known only from one occurrence in Long
Val ley. Potentially threatened by develop­
ment. Not in TheJepson Manual. See
Madrano 42( 1 ):34 ( 1 995) for original
descri ption.
Navarretia myersii P.S. Allen & A.G.
Day ssp. myersii
"pi ncushion navarretia" Polemon iaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Amador, Lake, Merced, Sacramento
42 1 A, 494B, 5 1 1 B, 5 1 7A
Vernal pools; elevation 20-330 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May.
Known from six occurrences. Threatened
by development. See Navan 3( 4):337
( 1 993) for original description.
Navarretia nigelliformis Greene ssp.
radians U .T. Howel l ) A.G. Day
"sh i n i ng navarretia" Polemon iaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Fresno, Merced, Monterey, San Benito,
San Luis Obispo
268A, 269B, 269C, 269D, 292B, 292D,
3 1 5C, 364D, 384A, 384D, 420C, 42 1 A,
421 B, 42 1 D
Cismontane wood land, valley and
foothill grassland, vernal pools; elevation
200-1 000 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Sim i lar to N. heterandra. See Leaflets of
Western Botany 2(8): 1 36 ( 1 938) for origi­
nal descri ption, and Navan 3(4):331 -340
( 1 993) for revised nomenclature.
Navarretia pauciflora
See Navarretia leucocephala ssp. pauciflora
Navarretia peninsularis Greene
Polemoniaceae
" Baja navarretia"
List 18 / RED 2-2-2
Kern, Santa Barbara, San Bernard ino,
San Diego; Baja California
20A, 1 05A, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 D, 1 67B, 1 90C,
2 1 2C, 238A
Chaparral (openi ngs), lower montane
coniferous forest / mesic; elevation
1 500-2300 meters.
Annual herb, blooms June-August.
v

To be looked for i n Riverside County.
How common is plant in Baja Califor­
nia? Th reatened in San Bernard i no
County by gold-pann i ng and veh icles.
Simi lar to N. breweri. See Pittonia 1 : 1 36
( 1 887) for original descri ption .
Navarretia plieantha
See Navarretia leucocephala ssp. plieantha
Navarretia prolifera Greene ssp.
lutea ( Bran d ) Mason
"yellow bur navarretia" Polemoniaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
El Dorado, Placer
Chaparral, cismontane woodland;
elevation 900-1 400 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Eldorado NF has adopted species man­
agement gu idelines.
Navarretia prolifera ssp. prolifera
Considered but rejected: too common
Navarretia prostrata (Gray) Greene
"prostrate navarretia" Polemoniaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
Alameda*, Los Angeles, Merced, Mon­
terey, Orange, Riverside, San Bernar­
dino(* ?), San Diego
1 l A, 22C, 22D, 52A, 520, 68C, 69D,
7 1 B, 85C, 89A, 89B, 89C, 90A, 90B, 90D,
1 08B( *?), 1 08C( * ? ), 1 08D(*?), 294C,
295B, 403A, 403D, 422C, 423C, 427B*
Coastal scrub, valley and footh ill grass­
land (alkaline), vernal pools / mesic;
elevation 1 5-700 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ly.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Arts and Sciences 1 7:223 ( 1 88 1 ) for origi­
nal descri ption, and Pittonia 1 : 1 30
( 1 887) for revised nomenclature.
Navarretia rosulata Brand
" Mari n County navarretia" Polemoniaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Mari n , Napa
467A, 467B, 5 1 60
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral /
serpentinite, rocky; elevation 200-635
meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Known from fewer than twenty
occurrences.
C N PS I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Navarretia setiloba Cov.
" Pi ute Mountai ns navarretia"
Polemoniaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Kern, Tulare
1 89A*, 2 1 2A, 21 2 D, 238D, 239D*,
260C, 261 B, 261 D, 2620, 285C
Cismontane woodland, pinyon and
jun iper woodland, valley and foothill
grassland / clay or gravelly loam;
elevation 305-2 1 00 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ly.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
Many h istorical occu rrences have been
searched without success. Threatened by
residential development and vehicles. See
Contributions from the US. National Herbari­
um 4: 1 53 ( 1 893) for original description.
Navarretia subuligera Greene
"awl-leaved navarretia" Polemoniaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Amador, Butte, Del Norte, Lake, Mendo­
ci no, Modoc, Napa, Shasta, Tehama;
Oregon
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
montane coniferous forest / rocky, mesic;
elevation 1 50-1 1 00 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-August.
Nemacaulis denudata Nutt. var.
denudata
"coast wool ly-heads" Polygonaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
Los Angeles, Orange, Santa Catalina
Island * , San Diego; Baja California
1 1 A, 1 1 B, 1 1 D, 22B, 22C, 36A, 36B,
36D, 7 1 B, 72A, 73A, 89C*, 90D*, SCTE*
Coastal d u nes; elevation 0-1 00 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-September.
Much reduced by coastal development.
l ntergrades with var. gracilis at some local­
ities. See Madrano 27(2): 1 0 1 - 1 09 ( 1 980)
and Phytologia 66(4):390-91 ( 1 989) for
taxonomic treatments.
Nemacaulis denudata N utt. var.
gracilis Good m . & Benson
"slender wool ly-heads" Polygonaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
I m perial, Riverside, San Diego; Arizona,
Baja California, Sonora (Mexico)
6B, 1 1 B, 1 1 D, 36B, 64D, 65A, 83A, 83D
Coastal du nes, desert du nes, Sonoran
desert scrub; elevation 50-400 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
231
Threatened by u rbanization near Pal m
Springs ( Riverside County) and along
coast. I ntergrades with var. denudata at
some coastal localities. See Aliso 4:89
( 1 958) for original description, and
Madrano 27(2): 1 0 1 -1 09 ( 1 980) and Phy­
tologia 66(4):3 90-9 1 ( 1 989) for taxo­
nomic treatments.
Nemacladus gracilis Eastw.
"slender n emaclad us" Cam pan u laceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Fresno, Kings, Kern, Los Angeles, Merced
Cismontane woodland, valley and
foothi l l grassland / sandy or gravel ly;
elevation 1 20-1 900 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Nemacladus montanus
Considered but rejected : too common
Nemacladus twisselmannii J .T.
H owel l
"Twisselman n's nemaclad us"
Cam pan u laceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
State Rare
Kern, Tul are
283B, 284C, 284D
U pper montane coniferous forest (sandy
or rocky, gran itic); elevation 2240-2450
meters.
Annual herb, blooms J u ly.
Known from only two occurrences. See
Leaflets ofWestern Botany 1 0(3-4):45-46
( 1 963) for original description.
Nemophila breviflora Gray
"Great Basi n nemophila" Hydrophyllaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1
Lassen , Modoc; I daho, Nevada, Oregon ,
Utah, Washington, Wyoming; and
elsewhere
673C, 674A, 691 A, 708C, 708D, 724A,
724B
Great Basin scrub, meadows and seeps,
upper montane coniferous forest / mesic;
elevation 1 220-241 0 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Known in California only from the Warner
Mtns. See Proceedings ofthe American Acade­
my ofArts and Sciences 1 0:3 1 5 ( 1 875) for
original descri ption, and University ofCali­
fornia Publications in Botany 1 9( 1 0):353-355
( 1 941 ) for taxonomic treatment.
232 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Nemophila parviflora Benth. var.
quercifolia ( Eastw. ) Chand l .
"oak-leaved nemophila" Hydrophyllaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Fresno, Kern, Madera, Tu lare; Oregon
Cismontane woodland, lower montane
coni ferous forest; elevation 700-2200
meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Neostapfia colusana ( Davy) Davy
"Colusa grass" Poaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Threatened
Colusa*, Merced, Solano, Stanislaus,
Yolo
40 1 B* , 402A, 402B, 420C, 42 1 A, 42 1 C,
421 D, 422C, 422D, 441 A, 441 B, 441 C,
441 D, 442A* , 459C, 460A, 481 D, 497B,
498D, 562A*
Vernal pools (adobe); elevation 5-200
meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-August.
Threatened by agriculture, development,
overgrazing, flood control, and non­
native plants. See Erythea 6: 1 1 0-1 1 3
( 1 898) for original descri ption, and Fre­
montia 4(3 ):22-23 ( 1 976) for species
account and habitat information.
Neviusia cliftonii Shevock, B. Ertter
& D.W. Taylor
"Shasta snow-wreath" Rosaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Shasta
647A, 664A, 664B, 664C, 664D, 665D
Lower montane con iferous forest, ripari­
an wood land / carbonate; elevation
300-500 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms May-J u ne.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences
near Lake Shasta. Potentially threatened
by logging and m i n i ng. See Navan 2( 4 ):
285-289 ( 1 992) for original descri ption,
and Fremontia 22(3):3-1 3 ( 1 993) for
species account and information about
discovery.
Nicolletia occidentalis
Considered but rejected: too common
N itrophila mohavensis M u nz &
Roos
"Amargosa n itrophi la" Chenopod iaceae
Llst 18 / RED 3-3-2
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
I nyo; Nevada
27SC, 322C, 322D
Playas ( mesic, clay); elevation 42S-7SO
meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-October.
Known in California from fewer than five
occurrences near Carson Slough in the
Amargosa Desert. Severely threatened by
water d iversion and habitat alteration.
State-listed as Critically Endangered in
Nevada. See Aliso 3 : 1 1 2-1 1 4 ( 1 9SS) for
original description .
Nolina cismontana Dice
"chaparral noli na" Lil iaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, Ventura
20C, SOA, SOC, SOD, 69C, 70A, 70B,
70C, 70D, 87C, 1 1 2 B, 1 1 3A, 1 4 1 A, 1 41 D
Chaparral, coastal scrub / sandstone or
gabbro; elevation 1 40-1 27S meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms May-J u ly.
Neviusia cliftonii

Threatened by development, agriculture,
road construction, and recreational
activities. Not in TheJepson Manual ( men­
tioned as "u ndescribed sp."under N. par­
ryi). See Navan 5 : 1 62 ( 1 995) for original
description.
Nolina interrata Gentry
" D ehesa nolina" Li liaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2
State Endangered
San Diego; Baja California
1 0A, 2 1 D
Chaparral (gabbroic, metavolcanic, or
serpentin ite); elevation 1 85-855 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne-J u ly.
Known in California from approximately
ten occurrences in the Dehesa Valley, and
in Baja California from three occurrences
with fewer than 1 00 plants as of 1 995.
Threatened by residential development,
altered fire regi mes, and horticultural col­
lecting. Protected in part at McGi nty
Mtn. (TNC) and Sycuan Pk. ER ( DFG).
See Madrano 8(6): 1 8 1 ( 1 946) for original
descri ption and 22 : 2 1 4 ( 1 973) for sec­
ond California location.
Nolina parryi ssp. wolfii
Considered but rejected: a synonym of N.
parryi; a common taxon
Notholaena califomica
Considered but rejected: too common
Notholaena cochisensis
See Astrolepis cochisensis
Notholaena limitanea var.
limitanea
See Af'l)'rochosma limitanea var. limitanea
Oenothera avita ssp. eurekensis
See Oenothera californica ssp. eurekensis
Oenothera caespitosa N utt. ssp.
crinita ( Rydb.) M u nz
"caespitose even ing-primrose" Onagraceae
List 4 I RED 1 -2-1
I nyo, San Bernard i no; Nevada; and
elsewhere
Pinyon and j u n i per wood land, subalpine
coniferous forest, Sonoran desert scrub;
elevation 1 1 50-33 70 meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
June-September.
Threatened by cattle grazing.
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Oenothera califomica (Wats. )
Wats. ssp. eurekensis ( M u nz &
Roos) W. Klein
" Eureka D u n es eveni ng-pri m rose"
O nagraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
State Rare/Federal Endangered
Inyo
390C, 3 9 1 A, 391 D
Desert dunes; elevation 850-1 200
meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
Apri l-J uly.
Known only from dunes in Eureka Valley,
withi n Death Valley N P. Habitat previously
degraded by vertical traffic; populations
recovering well, but still threatened by ver­
tical trespass, foot traffic, recreation, and
non-native Russian thistle. Recovery plan
has been completed by BLM. See Aliso
3(2): 1 1 8 ( 1 955) for original descri ption,
and Biological Conservation 46: 2 1 7-242
( 1 988) for population biology.
Oenothera deltoides Torr. & Fre m .
ssp. howellii ( M u nz) W. Kle i n
"Antioch D u n es eveni ng-primrose"
Onagraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Contra Costa
480C, 481 C, 48 1 D
I nland du nes; elevation 0-30 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-September.
Known from three native occurrences;
occurrences rrom Sacramento County
( 480C) and Contra Costa County (48 1 C)
are i ntroduced. Seriously threatened by
mini ng, agriculture, industrial develop­
ment, and non-native plants. Recovery
work in progress. Protected i n part at
Antioch Dunes NWR (USFWS). See Aliso
2:81 ( 1 949) for original description, Four
Seasons 3(1 ):2-4 ( 1 969) for threat infor­
mation, and Biological Conservation 65:
257-278 ( 1 993) for popu lation biology.
Oenothera heterochroma
Considered but rejected : a synonym of
Camissonia heterochroma; a common taxon
Oenothera hookeri ssp. wolfii
See Oenothera wolfii
233
Oenothera wolfii ( M u nz) Raven ,
Dietrich & Stu bbe
"Wolf's eveni ng-pri m rose" Onagraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2
Del Norte, Hum boldt, Tri nity; Oregon
637A, 637B, 683C, 689C, 689D, 704D,
706D, 723B, 723D, 740B, 740C
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal dunes, coastal
prarie, lower montane coniferous forest /
sandy, usually mesic; elevation 3-800
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-October.
Known from approxi mately twenty occur­
rences. Threatened by road maintenance,
foot traffic, non-native plants, and hybrid­
ization with non-native Oenothera spp.
State-l isted as Threatened in Oregon. See
Aliso 2 : 1 6 ( 1 949) for original description,
and Systematic Botany 4: 242-252 ( 1 979)
for revised nomenclature.
Oenothera xylocarpa
Considered but rejected: too common
Ophioglossum califomicum Prantl
"Califo rnia adder's-tongue"
Ophioglossaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
Amador, Butte, Merced, Monterey,
Mari posa, Orange, San Bernard i n o * ,
San Diego, Stan islaus, Tuolumne; Baja
Cal ifornia
Chaparral, valley and footh ill grassland,
vernal pools ( margins) / mesic; elevation
60-300 meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), fertile
December-May.
Ophioglossum lusitanicum ssp.
califomicum
See Ophioglossum californicum
Ophioglossum pusillum Raf.
"northern adder's-tongue"
Oph ioglossaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
El Dorado*, Mendocino, Siskiyou*; Idaho,
Oregon, Washington, and elsewhere
597B, 699D*
Marshes and swamps ( margi ns), valley
and foothill grassland (mesic); elevation
1 000-200 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), fertile J u ly.
Rediscovered near Howard Lake in 1 998;
known in California only from one occur­
rence, with about 30 plants as of 1 998.
Need historical q uads from El Dorado
County. Endangered in Oregon, and
state-l isted as Threatened in Washi ngton .
234 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Ophioglossum vulgatum
See Ophioglossum pusillum
Opuntia basilaris Engelm. & Bige l .
var. brachyclada (Griffiths) M u nz
"short-joint beavertai l " Cactaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Los Angeles, San Bernardino
1 33B, 1 33C, 1 33 D, 1 34A, 1 34B, 1 34D,
1 3 5A, 1 35B, 1 3 6A, 1 38A, 1 6 1 C, 1 6 1 D,
1 75B, 1 76A
Chaparral, Joshua tree "woodland",
Mojavean desert scrub, pinyon and
j u n i per woodland; elevation 425- 1 800
meters.
Shrub (stem succulent), blooms
April-J u ne.
Threatened by urbanization, mining, hor­
ticultu ral collecting, grazing, and vehicles.
Angeles NF has adopted species manage­
ment gu idelines. See Proceedings ofthe Bio­
logical Society of Washington 27:25 ( 1 9 1 4)
for original description.
Opuntia basilaris Enge l m . & Bige l .
var. treleasei (Coult.) Tou rney
Cactaceae
" Bakersfield cactus"
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Kern
2 1 4A, 2 1 4C, 2 1 4D, 2 1 5D, 238C, 238D*,
239A, 239B, 239C*, 239D, 240A*, 263D
Chenopod scrub, cismontane wood land,
valley and footh ill grassland / sandy or
gravelly; elevation 1 20-550 meters.
Shrub (stem succu lent), blooms May.
Threatened by energy development, agri­
cultural conversion, grazing, veh icles,
and especially u rbanization i n the Bak­
ersfield area. Known by 1 991 to be extir­
pated at eleven of thirty-five occurrences.
USFWS uses the name 0. treleasei. See
Contributions from the U.S. National Herbari­
um 3 :434 ( 1 896) for origi nal descri ption,
Wasmannjournal ofBiolol)' 25:289-290
( 1 967) for species account, and Madrano
3 9 ( 1 ) : 79 ( 1 99 2 ) for i nformation on a
new population .
Opuntia bigelovii var. hoffmannii
Considered but rejected : a hybrid (0.
xfosbergii)
Opuntia californica (T. & G . ) Cov.
var. californica
"snake cholla" Cactaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2
San Diego; Baja California
l OC, 1 1 A, 1 1 B, 1 1 D
Chaparral, coastal scrub; elevation
30-1 50 meters.
Shrub (stem succulent), blooms
April-May.
Threatened by development. A synonym
of 0. parryi var. serpentina in TheJepson
Manual; see 0. parryi. See Haseltonia 4: 1 03
( 1 996) for taxonomic discussion.
Opuntia curvospina Griffiths
"curved-spine beavertai l " Cactaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-2
San Bernardino; Arizona, Nevada
2 0 1 A, 224C, 225A
Chaparral, Mojavean desert scrub, piny­
on and jun iper wood land; elevation
1 000-1 400 meters.
Shrub (stem succulent), blooms
April-J u ne.
Known i n Californ ia from fewer than five
occurrences. Stabil ized hybrid between
0. phaeacantha and 0. chlorotica; see the
latter in TheJepson Manual. See Bulletin of
the Torrey Botanical Club 43: 88 ( 1 9 1 6) for
original description, Systematic Botany
5( 4):408-41 8 ( 1 980) for discussion of
hybrid origi n, and Haseltonia 4 : 1 03- 1 04
( 1 996) for nomenclatural information.
Opuntia firagilis ( N utt. ) Haw.
" brittle prickly-pear" Cactaceae
List 2 / RED 3-3-1
Siskiyou; Arizona, Nevada, Oregon , and
elsewhere
716B
Pi nyon and j u n i per woodland (volcanic);
elevation 880 meters.
Shrub (stem succu lent), blooms
April-J uly.
Known in Cal iforn ia from only two popu­
lations near Owl's Head in the Shasta
Valley. Probably reduced by grazing.
Opuntia munzii C . B . Wolf
" M u nz's cholla" Cactaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-3
I m perial, Riverside
2 7D, 42B, 42C, 43A, 43D
Sonoran desert scrub (sandy or gravelly);
elevation 1 50-600 meters.
Shrub (stem succulent), blooms May.
Known from fewer than ten occu rrences
in the Chocolate Mtns. Of hybrid origi n ,
b u t stabilized; o n l y reproducing vegeta­
tively. Some occurrences threatened by
mil itary activities.
Opuntia parryi var. serpentina
See Opuntia californica var. californica
Opuntia phaeacantha var. major
Considered but rejected : too common
and taxonomic problem
Opuntia phaeacantha var.
m0Javens1s
Considered but rejected : a synonym of 0.
phaeacantha; a common taxon
Opuntia prolifera
Considered but rejected : too common
Opuntia pulchella Engelm .
"beautifu l cholla" Cactaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
I nyo, Mono; Arizona?, Nevada, Utah,
and elsewhere
41 1 B, 41 1 C, 41 2D, 43 1 A
Desert du nes, Great Basin scrub?,
Mojavean desert scrub / sandy; elevation
1 500-1 980 meters.
Shrub (stem succulent), blooms
May-J une.
Threatened by grazi ng im pacts. See Trans­
actions ofthe Academy ofScience ofSt. Louis
2:201 ( 1 863) for original descri ption,
and Madrano 32( 2): 1 23 ( 1 985) for first
California records.
Opuntia treleasei
See Opuntia basilaris var. treleasei
Opuntia wigginsii L. Benson
"Wiggi ns's cholla" Cactaceae
List 3 / RED 3-1-2
I m perial, Riverside, San Diego; Arizona
1 8A, 1 8B, 30C, 32C, 40B
Sonoran desert scrub (sandy); elevation
30-885 meters.
Shrub (stem succulent), blooms March.
Apparently a sporadic hybrid between 0.
ramosissima and 0. echinocarpa; needs fu r­
ther study. See 0. ramosissima i n TheJepson
Manual.
Opuntia wolfii ( Benso n ) Baker
"Wolf's cholla" Cactaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
I m perial, San Diego; Baja Cal iforn ia?
Sonoran desert scrub; elevation
300-1 200 meters.
Shrub (stem succulent), blooms
Apri l-May.

Can be local ly common withi n range.
May occur i n Baja California; need con­
firmation. See Cactus and Succulentjournal
41 :33 ( 1 969) for original description,
and Madrano 39(2):98-1 1 3 ( 1 992) for
revised nomenclature.
Orcuttia californica Vasey
"California Orcutt grass" Poaceae
List 1 B I RED 3-3-2
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Los Angeles, Riverside, San Diego, Ventu­
ra; Baja California
9B, 1 0C, 1 1 D, 22C, 22D, 68A, 68B,
68C*, 680, 690, 89A*, 89B*, 890*,
90A* , 1 37B, 1 390
Vernal pools; elevation 1 5-660 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-August.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Seriously threatened by agricul­
ture, development, non-native plants,
grazi ng, and vehicles. See Bulletin ofthe
Torrey Botanical Club 1 3 : 2 1 9 ( 1 886) for
original descri ption,Americanjournal of
Botany 69 : 1 082- 1 095 ( 1 982) for taxo­
nomic treatment and Madrano 45(4) :328
( 1 998) for distribution information .
Orcuttia californica var. californica
See Orcuttia californica
Orcuttia californica var. inaequalis
See Orcuttia inaequalis
Orcuttia californica var. viscida
See Orcuttia viscida
Orcuttia greenei
See Tuctoria greenei
Orcuttia inaequalis H oov.
"San J oaq u i n Valley Orcutt grass" Poaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Threatened
Fresno, Madera, Merced, Stan islaus* ,
Tu lare
333B*, 334A, 356B*, 378B, 379A,
379 0 * , 3980, 399C, 400B, 4000* ,
420C, 421 A, 421 B, 421 C, 421 D, 422B*,
441 B*, 441 C* , 442A* , 442D*
Vernal pools; elevation 30-755 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-September.
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Seriously threatened by agriculture, devel­
opment, overgrazing, channel ization, and
non-native plants. See Madrano 3(6):229
( 1 936) for original descri ption, and
Americanjournal ofBotany 69:1 082-1 095
( 1 982) for taxonomic treatment.
Orcuttia mucronata
See Tuctoria mucronata
Orcuttia pilosa H oov.
"hairy Orcutt grass" Poaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Butte, Glenn, Madera, Merced, Stanis­
laus, Tehama
379A, 379B, 379C, 380A, 399C, 400D*,
42 1 B* , 421 C, 441 A* , 441 B*, 441 C,
441 D, 562B, 576B, 593B, 594A
Vernal pools; elevation 55-200 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-September.
Seriously threatened by agricu lture,
u rbanization, overgrazing, non-native
plants, and trampling. See Bulletin ofthe
Torrey Botanical Club 68: 1 55 ( 1 941 ) for
original descri ption, and Americanjournal
ofBotany 69:1 082- 1 095 ( 1 982) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Orcuttia tenuis H itchc.
"slender Orcutt grass" Poaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Threatened
Orcuttia californica
235
Lake, Lassen, Pl umas, Sacramento, Shas­
ta, Siskiyou, Tehama
496A, 5 1 1 C, 533D, 534A, 593 B, 594A,
606B, 624A, 628A, 628B, 628C, 628D,
629A, 642A, 642B, 643A, 643 B, 643C,
646C, 647D, 66 1 C, 662B, 678A, 678B,
6790
Vernal pools; elevation 35-1 760 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-October.
Seriously threatened by agriculture,
residential development, grazing, and
non-native plants. Species management
guidelines adopted by Lassen NF (USFS)
and BLM. See Americanjournal ofBotany
2 1 : 1 3 1 ( 1 934) for original description
and 69: 1 082-1 095 ( 1 982) for taxonom­
ic treatment.
Orcuttia viscid a ( Hoov. ) J . Reeder
"Sacramento Orcutt grass" Poaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Sacramento
495D, 5 1 1 B, 5 1 1 C
Vernal pools; elevation 30- 1 00 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms Apri l-Ju ly.
Known from seven occu rrences. Seriously
th reatened by agriculture, urbanization,
overgrazing, vehicles, and non-native
plants. Protected in part at Phoenix Field
ER ( DFG ). See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botani­
cal Club 68(3): 1 55 ( 1 941 ) for original
description, and Americanjournal ofBotany
6 9 : 1 082- 1 095 ( 1 982) for taxonomic
treatment.
236 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Oreonana clementis
Considered but rejected : too common
Oreonana purpurascens Shevock &
Const.
" p u rple mou ntai n-parsley" Apiaceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Tulare
308A, 308D, 33 1 B, 331 C, 3 3 1 D, 354A
Broadleaved upland forest, subal pine
coniferous forest, upper montane conif­
erous forest / usually metamorphic;
elevation 2395-2865 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Threatened by road construction, log­
ging, and trampling. See Madrofio
26(3): 1 28-1 34 ( 1 979) for original
description, and Fremontia 9(3 ):22-2 5
( 1 981 ) for species account.
Oreonana vestita (Wats. ) jeps.
"wool ly mountai n-parsley" Apiaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
Los Angeles, San Bernardino
1 05 D, 1 08A, 1 08B, 1 34C, 1 34D, 1 3 5C,
1 35 D
Lower montane coniferous forest, sub­
alpine coniferous forest, upper montane
coniferous forest / gravel or talus;
elevation 2285-3500 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-September.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Arts and Sciences 1 7:374 ( 1 882) for origi­
nal description, Madrofio 1 : 1 41 ( 1 923)
for revised nomenclature, and Fremontia
9(3):22-25 ( 1 98 1 ) for species account.
Oreostemma elatum (Greene)
Greene
"tall alpine-aster" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Lassen, Plumas, Tehama
589B, 590A, 590B, 605B, 605C, 606A,
625B
Bogs and fens, meadows and seeps,
upper montane coniferous forest / mesic;
elevation 1 005-2 1 00 meters.
Perenn ial herb, bloomsJ uly-August.
Threatened by grazing and hydrological
alteration. Not in TheJepson Manual. See
Pittonia 3: 1 47 ( 1 896) for original descrip­
tion and 4:224 ( 1 900) for revised nomen­
clature, and Phytologia 74(4):305-3 1 6
( 1 993) for taxonomic treatment.
Ornithostaphylos oppositifolia
( Parry) Small
" Baja Californ ia bird bush" Ericaceae
List 2 / RED 3-3-1
State Candidate
San Diego; Baja California
110
Chaparral; elevation 55-800 meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms January-Apri l .
Known i n Cal ifornia from only o n e occur­
rence west of San Ysidro near the Mexi­
can border. Threatened by Border Patrol
activities.
Orobanche californica ssp.
condensa
Considered but rejected: a synonym of 0.
californica ssp. jepsonii; a common taxon
Orobanche ludoviciana N utt. var.
arenosa ( S u ksd . ) Cronq.
" S u ksdorf's broom-rape" Orobanchaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1 - 1
Lassen, Mono; Arizona, Idaho, Nevada,
Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming,
and elsewhere
45 1 A, 586A, 62 1 A
Great Basin scrub; elevation 1 600 meters.
Perenn ial herb (achlorophyl lous), blooms
J u ne-October.
Known in California from only three
occurrences. Parasitic on Ericameria and
Iva spp. Simi lar to 0. parishii ssp. parishii;
separation between them blurred i n
Great Basi n . See University of Washington
Publications in Bio/of)' 1 7(4):431 ( 1 959)
for revised nomenclature, and Bulletin of
the Torrey Botanical Club 57:623 ( 1 930)
for taxonomic treatment.
Orobanche parishii Qeps. ) H eckard
ssp. brachyloba Heckard
"short-lobed broom rape" Orobanchaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
Santa Catalina Island, Santa Cruz Island,
San Diego, San Luis Obispo, San Miguel
Island, San Nicolas Island, Santa Rosa
Island; Baja California
Coastal bluffscrub, coastal du nes,
coastal scrub / sandy; elevation 3-305
meters.
Perennial herb ( parasitic), blooms
April-October.
Parasitic on shrubs such as /socoma men­
ziesii. See Madrofio 22(2):68 ( 1 973) for
original description.
Orobanche validajeps. ssp.
howellii Heckard & Col l i n s
" Howell's broomrape" Orobanchaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Glenn, Lake, Mendocino, Napa, Sonoma,
Tehama
Chaparral (serpentinite or volcan ic);
elevation 1 80- 1 740 meters.
Perenn ial herb (parasitic), blooms
June-September.
Generally parasitic on Garrya spp. See
Madrano 29(2):95-1 00 ( 1 982) for origi­
nal descri ption.
Orobanche valida J eps. ssp. valida
" Rock Creek broomrape" Orobanchaceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-3
Los Angeles, Ventura
1 08B, 1 35A, 1 65D
Chaparral, pinyon and juniper woodland /
granitic; elevation 1 250-2000 meters.
Perenn ial herb ( parasitic), blooms
May-J uly.
Known from only three occurrences. Par­
asitic on various chaparral shrubs. Ange­
les NF has adopted species management
guideli nes. See Madrofio 1 ( 1 7):255-256
( 1 929) for original descri ption, Fremontia
1 1 ( 1 ): 1 6-1 8 ( 1 983) for d iscussion of
rediscovery ( 1 979), and Madrofio 29(2):
95-1 00 ( 1 982) for taxonomic treatment.
Orochaenactis thysanocarpha
Considered but rejected : too common
Orthocarpus campestris var.
succulentus
See Castilleja campestris ssp. succulenta
Orthocarpus castillejoides var.
humboldtiensis
See Castilleja ambigua ssp. humboldtiensis
Orthocarpus cuspidatus Greene
ssp. cuspidatus
"Siskiyou Mountai ns orthocarpus"
Scro p h u lariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Humboldt, Siskiyou; Oregon
Lower montane coniferous forest, u pper
montane coniferous forest; elevation
700-2200 meters.
Annual herb, blooms June-August.
lntergrades with ssp. copelandii. See Sys­
tematic Botany 1 7( 4 ): 560-582 ( 1 992) for
taxonomic treatment.
 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 237

Orthocarpus floribundus Oryctes nevadensis Wats. Oxalis suksdorfii Trel .

See Triphysaria floribunda
Orthocarpus lasiorhynchus
See Castilleja lasiorhyncha
Orthocarpus pachystachyus Gray
"Shasta orthocarpus" Scrophulariaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3
Siskiyou
698B*, 700A, 7 1 7B*, 71 7D*
Great Basin scrub, meadows and seeps?,
valley and foothill grassland; elevation
840-850 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May.
Rediscovered by D. Taylor in 1 996; now
known from only two collections. Histori­
cal occurrences probably extirpated by
agriculture and grazi ng.
Orthocarpus purpurascens var.
pallid us
Considered but rejected: too com mon; a
synonym of Castilleja exserta ssp. exserta
Orthocarpus succulentus
See Castilleja campestris ssp. succulenta
Orthotrichum shevockii Lewi nsky­
Haapasaari & Norris
Orthotrichaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
Kern, Tulare
259A, 259B, 283D
Joshua tree "wood land", pi nyon and
j u n i per woodland / gran itic, rock;
elevation 750-2 1 00 meters.
Moss.
See The Bryologist 1 0 1 (3 ):435-438 ( 1 998)
for original description.
Orthotrichum spjutii Norris & Vitt
Orthotrichaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-3
Kern, Mono
259A, 489D
Lower montane coniferous forest, pi ny­
on and j u niper woodland, su bal pine
coniferous forest, upper montane conif­
erous forest / gran itic, rock; elevation
2 1 00-2400 meters.
Moss.
Known only from near Sonora Pass. See
Nova Hedwigia 56:259-262 ( 1 993) for
original description.
"Nevada oryctes" Solanaceae
List 2 / RED 3-3-2
I nyo; Nevada
3 5 1 A, 3 5 1 D, 372B, 372D, 393A, 41 3A,
41 3B, 41 3C, 4 1 3 D
Chenopod scrub, Mojavean desert scrub /
sandy; elevation 1 1 00-2535 meters.
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-June.
Known i n Cal ifornia from fewer than ten
occurrences in Owens Val ley. Seriously
threatened by grazing, tram pling, and
vehicles. On watch l ist i n Nevada. See
Botany ofthe King Expedition, p. 274 ( 1 87 1 )
for original description.
Oryzopsis exigua Th urb.
" l ittle ricegrass" Poaceae
List 2 / RED 3 - 1 - 1
Lassen, Siskiyou; I daho, Nevada, Ore­
gon, Utah, Washi ngton , Wyomi ng, and
elsewhere
656C, 730C
Great Basin scru b; elevation 2345-2420
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-August.
Known in California only from Observa­
tion Pk. ( Lassen County) and Mt. Dome
(Siskiyou County). Not in TheJepson Man­
ual. See Botany ofthe Wilkes Exploratory
Expedition 1 7:481 ( 1 874) for original
description, and Phytologia 74( 1 ) : 1 -25
( 1 993) for taxonomic treatment.
Oryzopsis kingii
Considered but rejected : too common; a
synonym of Ptilagrostis kingii
Oryzopsis micrantha
See Piptatherum micranthum
Osmadenia tenella
Considered but rejected: too common
Osmorhiza depauperata Phil.
"blu nt-fru ited sweet-cicely" Apiaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1 -1
Modoc; Arizona, Idaho, Nevada, New
Mexico, Oregon , Utah, Wash ington,
Wyomi ng, and elsewhere
691 A, 707C, 708D
Lower montane coniferous forest;
elevation 1 830- 1 850 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-Ju ly.
Known in California only from Deep Creek
in the Warner Mtns. See Annals ofthe Mis­
souri Botanical Garden 71 : 1 1 66-1 1 68
( 1 984) for taxonomic treatment.
"Suksdorf's wood-sorrel" Oxalidaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 - 1
Del Norte, Humboldt; Oregon, Wash ing­
ton , and elsewhere
Broadleaved upland forest, North Coast
coniferous forest; elevation 1 5-700
meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
May-August.
See Phytologia 42(2):83-84 ( 1 979) for
taxonomic treatment.
Oxystylis lutea
Considered but rejected : too common
Oxytheca caryophylloides Parry
"chickweed oxytheca" Polygonaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3
Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernard i no,
Tu lare, Ventura
Lower montane coniferous forest
(sandy); elevation 1 200-2600 meters.
Annual herb, blooms J u ly-September.
See Phytologia 66(4) :387-388 ( 1 989) for
taxonomic treatment.
Oxytheca emarginata Hall
"wh ite-margined oxytheca" Polygonaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
Riverside
65C, 66B, 66D, 83C
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest, pi nyon and j u n i per woodland;
elevation 1 200-2500 meters.
Annual herb, blooms February-August.
See University ofCalifornia Publications in
Botany 1 :75 ( 1 902) for original descrip­
tion, and Phytologia 66(4):388 ( 1 989) for
taxonomic treatment.
Oxytheca parishii Parry var.
abramsii ( McGregor) M u nz
"Abrams's oxytheca" Polygonaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3
Santa Barbara, Ventura
1 64C, 1 65D, 1 66A, 1 67B, 1 68A, 1 68B,
1 90C
Chaparral (sandy or shale); elevation
1 700-2000 meters.
Annual herb, blooms June-August.
See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
36:605 ( 1 909) for original descri ption,
and Brittonia 32( 1 ):70- 1 02 ( 1 980) and
Phytologia 66( 4):386-87 ( 1 989) for taxo­
nomic treatments.
238 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Oxytheca parishii Parry var.
cienegensis B. Ertter
"Cienega Seca oxytheca" Polygonaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-3
San Bernard i no
1 05A
Upper montane coniferous forest (sandy,
granitic); elevation 2 1 05-2450 meters.
Annual herb, blooms June-September.
Known from approximately five occur­
rences along Coon Creek and Cienega
Seca Creek. See Brittonia 3 2 : 70-1 02
( 1 980) for original description, and Phy­
tologia 66(4):386-87 ( 1 989) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Oxytheca parishii Parry var.
goodmaniana B. Ertter
"Cushen bury oxytheca" Polygonaceae
List 18 / RED 3-3-3
Federal Endangered
San Bernard i no
1 04B, 1 30C, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 D, 1 32 D
Pinyon and jun iper wood land (carbon­
ate, talus); elevation 1 300-2375 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-September.
Known from approximately fifteen occur­
rences. Threatened by carbonate mining.
See Brittonia 32:70-1 02 ( 1 980) for original
description, and Phytologia 66(4):386-87
( 1 989) for taxonomic treatment.
Oxytheca watsonii T. & G.
"Watson's oxytheca" Polygonaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
I nyo; Nevada
327A, 327B, 327C, 348C
Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean
desert scrub / sandy; elevation
1 200-2000 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-July.
Known in California from fewer than five
occurrences. See Madrano 29(4):273-2 74
( 1 982 ) for first California occurrences,
and Phytologia 66( 4):385-86 ( 1 989) for
taxonomic treatment.
Oxytropis deflexa ( Pallas) DC. var.
sericea T. & G.
" b l u e pendent-pod oxytrope" Fabaceae
List 2 / RED 3-3-1
Mono; Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Ore­
gon, Utah, Wash ington, and elsewhere
43 1 C
Meadows and seeps, upper montane
coniferous forest; elevation 2800-3355
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-August. Panicum thermale
Known in California from approximately See Dichanthelium lanuginosum var. thermale
five occurrences in the White Mtns.
Threatened by cattle grazing.
Papaver californicum
Considered but rejected : too common
Oxytropis oreophila Gray var.
oreophila
Parnassia cirrata Pi per
"mountain oxytrope" Fabaceae
"fringed grass-of-parnassus" Saxifragaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
List 1 8 / RED 2-1-3
San Bernard i no; Arizona, Nevada, New
Los Angeles, San Bernardino
Mexico, Utah
1 05C, 1 05D, 1 09A, 1 3 5D
1 05A, 1 05C, 1 05D
Lower montane coniferous forest, upper
Alpine boulder and rock field, subalpine
montane coniferous forest (mesic);
coniferous forest / gravelly or rocky;
elevation 2 1 3 5-3000 meters.
elevation 3400-3800 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms August­
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u n e-September.
September.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Known in Cal ifornia only from the San
Arts and Sciences 20:3 ( 1 884) for original
Gabriel and San Bernardino mou ntains.
descri ption, and Proceedings ofthe Califor­
See Erythea 7( 1 ) : 1 28 ( 1 899) for original
nia Academy ofSciences IV 27(7):21 2-2 1 5
descri ption.
( 1 952) for taxonomic treatment.
Oxytropis parryi Gray Paronychia ahartii B. Ertter
"Ahart's paronychia" Caryophyl laceae
" Parry's oxytrope" Fabaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -1
Butte, Shasta, Tehama
I nyo, Mono; Idaho, Nevada, New Mexi­
co, Utah, Wyoming, and elsewhere 560D, 593B, 593D, 594B, 594C, 595A,
595D, 6 1 0A, 6 1 0C, 61 1 D, 627A, 627B,
Alpine boulder and rock field, su bal pine
628A, 628B, 628C, 628D, 646C, 646 D
coniferous forest ( rocky); elevation
3355-3800 meters. Cismontane woodland, valley and
foothill grassland, vernal pools; elevation
Perennial herb, blooms June-J u ly.
30-5 1 0 meters.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Annual herb, blooms March-J u ne.
Arts and Sciences 20:4 ( 1 884) for original
description , and Proceedings ofthe Califor­ Threatened by habitat loss, and possi bly
nia Academy ofSciences IV 27(7) : 2 1 7-2 1 9 by grazi ng and trampling. See Madrano
( 1 952) for taxonomic treatment. 3 2 ( 2) :87-90 ( 1 98 5 ) for origi nal
descri ption .
Palafoxia arida Tu rner & Morris var.
gigantea U on es) Tu rner & Morris Paronychia franciscana
Considered but rejected : not native
"giant Spanish-need le" Asteraceae
List 18 / RED 2-1 -2
I m perial, Sonora (Mexico)
Parvisedum leiocarpum
See Sedella leiocarpa
1 B, 2A, 2B, 3A, 1 3B, 1 3C, 1 3 D, 1 4A,
1 4B, 1 4D, 1 5A, 27C, 2 7D, 28D
Desert du nes; elevation 1 5-1 00 meters. Parvisedum pentandrum
Considered but rejected : too common
Ann ual/perennial herb, blooms
February-May.
Threatened by vehicles. See Contributions Pectocarya palmeri
to Western Botany 1 8: 79 ( 1 933) for origi­ See Harpagonella palmeri
nal description, and Rhodora 78: 604-605
( 1 976) for taxonomic treatment.
Pedicularis bracteosa Benth. var.
flavida (Pennell) Cronq.
Palafoxia linearis var. gigantea
"yellowish lousewort" Scro p h u lariaceae
See Palafoxia arida var. gigantea
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
Siskiyou, Trinity, Oregon
Panicum shastense
U pper montane coniferous forest
Considered but rejected: a hybrid, possibly (mesic); elevation 1 200-2300 meters.
between P scribnerianum and P pacificum

Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
6 1 :445 ( 1 934) for original descri ption.
Pedicularis centranthera Gray
"dwarf lousewort" Scro p h u lariaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Lassen ; Arizona, Nevada, Oregon, Utah ,
and elsewhere
638C, 639D
Great Basin scrub (alluvial ); elevation
1 300-1 500 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-June.
Known in Cal ifornia from fewer than ten
occurrences. Possibly threatened by agri­
cultural development. On review list i n
Oregon . See Report on the U.S. and Mexican
Boundary Survey, p. 1 20 ( 1 859) by W.
Emory for original description .
Pedicularis contorta Benth.
"curved-beak lousewort" Scro p h u lariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 - 1
Siskiyou, Trin ity; Oregon, Washington
Bogs and fens, meadows and seeps,
lower montane coniferous forest, upper
montane coniferous forest / mesic;
elevation 1 600-2400 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J uly-August.
Pedicularis crenulata Benth.
"scal loped- leaved lousewort"
Scrophu lariaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Mono; Nevada, Wyoming, and elsewhere
434D
Meadows and seeps (mesic); elevation
2 1 00-2300 meters.
Perennial herb, bloomsJu ne-J uly.
Known i n Californ ia from only one occur­
rence near Convict Creek. Threatened by
hydrological alterations. See Madroiio
28(3):86 ( 1 981 ) for this record .
Pedicularis dudleyi El mer
" Dud ley's lousewort" Scro p h u lariaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
State Rare
Monterey, Santa Cruz*, San Luis Obispo,
San Mateo
271 B, 2 72A, 296D, 344D, 387B*, 428C,
429A
Chaparral ( mariti me), cismontane wood­
land, North Coast coniferous forest, val­
ley and footh i l l grassland; elevation
60-900 meters.
C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Perennial herb, blooms April-June.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
Threatened by trampling, and potentially
by development. Plants from Arroyo de la
Cruz (San Lu is Obispo County) are some­
what different and warrant further study.
See Botanical Gazette 41 :3 1 6-3 1 7 ( 1 906)
for original descri ption.
Pedicularis flavida
See Pedicularis bracteosa var. flavida
Pedicularis howellii Gray
" Howell's lousewort" Scrophulariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon
U pper montane con iferous forest (often
serpenti n ite); elevation 1 500-1 900
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms June-August.
Endangered in Oregon . Threatened by
grazing. See Proceedings ofthe American
Academy ofArts and Sciences 20:307 ( 1 885)
for original descri ption.
Pediomelum castoreum (Wats. )
Ryd b.
" Beaver Dam bread root" Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 - 1
San Bernard i no; Arizona, Nevada, Utah
Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean
desert scrub / sandy, washes and road­
cuts; elevation 6 1 0-825 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-May.
On watch l ist i n Nevada. See Proceedings
ofthe American Academy ofArts and Sciences
1 4:291 ( 1 879) for original descri ption,
North American Flora 24( 1 ):22 ( 1 9 1 9) for
revised nomenclature, and Memoirs ofthe
New York Botanical Garden 6 1 :84-85
( 1 990) for taxonomic treatment.
Pellaea truncata Good d .
"cliff brake" Pteridaceae
List 2 / RED 2- 1 - 1
San Bernard ino; Arizona, Baja Cal ifornia,
Nevada, New Mexico, Sonora (Mexico),
Utah, and elsewhere
225D
Pinyon and jun iper wood land (volcanic
or granitic, rocky); elevation 1 200-2 1 50
meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), ferti le
Apri l-J u ne.
239
Need quad for occurrence i n the Provi­
dence Mtns. See Muhlenbergia 8:94
( 1 9 1 2) for original description, and
Madroiio 25( 1 ):56 ( 1 978) for species
account.
Penstemon albomarginatus Jones
"white-margined beardtongue"
Scrophu lariaceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-2
San Bernardino; Arizona, Nevada
1 50C, 1 53B, 1 54A, 1 79 D
Desert d u nes (stabil ized ), Mojavean
desert scrub (sandy); elevation 640-
1 065 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-May.
Known i n California from only four
occurrences; two have not been seen i n
many years. O n e confi rmed extant occur­
rence was damaged by mil itary activities
in 1 989-1 991 . Threatened in Nevada.
Penstemon barnebyi N. Hol mgren
" Barneby's beardtongue" Scrophulariaceae
List 2 / RED 3-3-1
Mono; Nevada
43 1 A, 43 1 B
Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and j u niper
wood land / carbonate, gravel ly; elevation
1 500-2500 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May.
Known in Cal iforn ia from only one occur­
rence along Busher Creek in the White
Mtns. Possibly th reatened by grazing.
See Brittonia 31 :226 ( 1 979) for origi nal
description, and Madroiio 35( 2 ) : 1 64- 1 65
( 1 988) for the California record .
Penstemon bicolor ( Bdg. ) Clokey &
Keck ssp. roseus Clokey & Kec k
"rosy two-to ned beardtongue"
Scro p h u lariaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
San Bernard ino; Arizona, Nevada
224D, 249D
Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean
desert scrub / rocky or gravel ly, some­
times disturbed areas; elevation
700- 1 500 meters.
Peren nial herb, blooms May.
Probably threatened by m i n i ng. A syn­
onym of P. bicolor in TheJepson Manual.
See Bulletin ofthe Southern California Acade­
my ofSciences 38(1 ):8 ( 1 939) for origi nal
descri ption.
240 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Penstemon calcareus Bdg.
"limestone beardtongue" Scrophulariaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1
I nyo, San Bernardino; Nevada
1 75B, 1 76A, 201 C, 348A, 348D, 368A,
3 68D, 369B, 369C, 390C, 390D
Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean
desert scrub, pi nyon and jun iper wood­
land / carbonate, rocky; elevation
1 065-2040 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-May.
Penstemon californicus ( M u nz &
Jtn . ) Keck
"Cali fo rnia beardtongue" Scro p h u lariaceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-2
Riverside; Baja Cal iforn ia
49A, 65C, 66A, 66B, 66C, 66D, 67A
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest, pi nyon and j u n i per wood land /
sandy; elevation 1 1 70-2300 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
Known in California from fewer than
twenty occurrences. Threatened by graz­
i ng. See Bulletin ofthe Southern California
Academy ofSciences 23:31 ( 1 924) for origi­
nal descri ption.
Penstemon cinereus Piper
"gray beardtongue" Scro p h u lariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
Lassen, Modoc, Siskiyou; Nevada, Oregon
Great Basin scrub, pinyon and j u n i per
woodland / volcanic, gravelly; elevation
1 065-1 950 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-August.
lntergrades with P. humilis var. humilis; see
that taxon in TheJepson Manual.
Penstemon cinicola Keck
"ash beardtongue" Scrophulariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -1
Del Norte, Lassen, Modoc, Siskiyou;
Oregon
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps, upper montane conifer­
ous forest / volcanic, sandy or rocky;
elevation 730-2200 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms June-August.
See Carnegie Institute of Washington Pub­
lication 520:294 ( 1 940) for original
descri ption.
Penstemon clevelandii Gray var.
connatus ( M u nz &Jtn . ) N .
Holm g ren
"San Jaci nto beardtongue"
Scrop h u lariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
I m perial, Riverside, San Diego; Baja
California
Chaparral, pinyon and jun iper wood­
land, Sonoran desert scrub / rocky;
elevation 400-1 500 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-May.
Penstemon confusus ss p . confusus
Considered but rejected: a synonym of P.
confusus; not in Cal i fornia
Penstemon confusus ss p . patens
Considered but rejected: a synonym of P.
patens; a common taxon
Penstemon filiformis ( Keck) Keck
"thread-leaved beardtongue"
Scrophulariaceae
List 18 / RED 2-1 -3
Shasta, Siskiyou, Tri nity
665B, 666A, 666B, 667A, 667B, 667C,
667D, 682A, 682B, 682C, 682D, 683B,
683C, 683D
Cismontane woodland, lower montane
coniferous forest / rocky; elevation
450-1 830 meters.
Perenn ial herb, bloom s J u ne-J u ly.
Possibly threatened by logging and recre­
ation. Confused with P. laetus var. sagitta­
tus. See University ofCalifornia Publications
in Botany 1 6:394 ( 1 93 2 ) for original
descri ption.
Penstemon floridus var. austinii
Considered but rejected: too common
Penstemon floridus var. floridus
Considered but rejected: too common
Penstemon fruticiformis Cov. var.
amargosae ( Keck) N . Hol mgren
" Death Valley beardtongue"
Scro p h u lariaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-2
I nyo, San Bernardino; Nevada
274C, 2 74D, 305D, 368D
Mojavean desert scrub; elevation
850-1 400 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-June.
Threatened in Nevada. See American Mid­
land Naturalist 1 8 :801 ( 1 937) for original
description, and Brittonia 44(4):481
( 1 992) for revised nomenclature.
Penstemon fruticiformis var.
fruticiformis
Considered but rejected: too common,
and possibly a synonym of P. incertus; a
common taxon
Penstemon heterodoxus Gray var.
shastensis ( Keck) N . Hol mgren
"Shasta beardtongue" Scro p h u lariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Butte, Lassen, Modoc, Plumas, Shasta,
Siskiyou
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest, meadows and seeps, u pper mon­
tane con iferous forest; elevation
1 1 00-2400 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne-September.
See American Midland Naturalist 33 : 1 65
( 1 945) for original description, and Brit­
tonia 44(4):482 ( 1 992) for revised
nomenclature.
Penstemon janishiae N. Hol mgren
"Janish's beardtongue" Scro p h u lariaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Lassen, Modoc; Idaho, Nevada, Oregon
622C, 622D, 659A, 692A, 693B
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­
erous forest, pi nyon and juni per wood­
land / gravel ly, volcanic; elevation
1 065-2350 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J uly.
Known in Cal ifornia only from two occur­
rences on Diamond Mtn . ( Lassen Coun­
ty), and west of Altu ras (Modoc County).
Threatened in Idaho, and on review l ist i n
Oregon. See Brittonia 3 1 : 2 2 3 ( 1 979) for
original descri ption.
Penstemon monoensis
Considered but rejected : too common
Penstemon neotericus
Considered but rejected : too common
Penstemon newberryi var. berryi
Considered but rejected : too common
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N TS 241

Penstemon newberryi Gray var.

sonomensis (Greene) J eps.
"Sonoma beardtongue" Scrophulariaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1 -3
Lake, Napa, Sonoma
500A, 500B, 5 0 1 A, 5 1 6B, 5 1 7A, 5 1 7B,
533C
Chaparral (rocky); elevation 700-1 3 70
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-August.
Known from fewer than twenty
occurrences.

Penstemon papillatus J .T. Howel l

" I nyo beardtongue" Scrophulariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
I nyo, Kern, Mono
Pinyon and juniper woodland, subalpine
con iferous forest / rocky, granitic;
elevation 2000-2700 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms June-J uly.

Penstemon personatus Keck

"closed-th roated beardtongue"
Scrophu lariaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Butte, Nevada, Plumas, Sierra
556B, 572C, 589A, 590A, 590B, 590C,
590D, 591 B, 59 1 C, 591 D, 592A, 605C,
6060
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest, upper montane coniferous forest /
metavolcanic; elevation 1 065-21 20
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J une-September.
Threatened by logging activities. Plumas
NF has adopted species management
guidelines. See Madrano 3(6):248-250
( 1 936) for original descri ption.

Penstemon purpusii
Considered but rejected : too common

Penstemon rattanii Gray var. kleei

(Greene) Gray
"Santa Cruz Mountai ns beardtongue"
Scrophu lariaceae Penstemon filiformis
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Santa Clara, Santa Cruz
387B, 406C, 407D, 408B, 408C, 408D
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest, North Coast coniferous forest;
elevation 400-1 1 00 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-June.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
242 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Penstemon scapoides Keck
"pi nyon beardtongue" Scrophulariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
I nyo
Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and jun iper
woodland, subal pine coniferous forest /
rocky, carbonate; elevation 2000-3200
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms June-July.
Potentially threatened by mini ng. See Uni­
versity ofCalifornia Publications in Botany
1 6:379 ( 1 932) for original description.
Penstemon shastensis
See Penstemon heterodoxus var. shastensis
Penstemon stephensii Bdg.
"Stephens's beardtongue" Scrophulariaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
I nyo, San Bernardino
1 76A, 1 76C, 200C, 250A, 250B, 2 74C,
2 74D, 275A, 298D
Mojavean desert scrub, pi nyon and
j un iper woodland / usually carbonate,
rocky; elevation 1 1 60- 1 850 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
Penstemon sudans J ones
"Susanville beardtongue" Scrophulariaceae
List 1 8 I RED 2-1-2
Lassen; Nevada
622A, 622B, 622C, 623A, 623B, 623D,
638B, 639A, 639C, 639D, 640C, 640D
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conifer­
ous forest, pinyon and juniper woodland /
volcanic, rocky; elevation 1 200-1 830
meters.
Perenn ial herb, bloomsJune-J u ly.
Known in Cal iforn ia only from the vici ni­
ty of Susanvi l l e . See Contributions to West­
ern Botany 8:3 7 ( 1 898) for original
description.
Penstemon thompsoniae (Gray)
Ryd b.
"Thompson's beardtongue"
Scrophulariaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
San Bernard ino; Arizona, Nevada, Utah
200A, 225D, 249D
Pinyan and jun iper wood land (gravel ly,
carbonate) ; elevation 1 500-2700 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-June.
See Synoptical Flora ofNorth America
2(1 ):269 ( 1 878) for original description,
Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 36( 1 ) :
690 ( 1 909) for revised nomenclature,
and Aliso 2( 2 ) : 1 94-1 95 ( 1 950) for
species i nformation.
Penstemon thurberi Torr.
"Thurber's beardtongue" Scrophulariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
Imperial, Riverside, San Bernard i no, San
Diego; Arizona, Baja Cal ifornia, Nevada,
New Mexico, and elsewhere
Chaparral, Josh ua tree "woodland", pi ny­
on and juniper wood land, Sonoran desert
scrub; elevation 500-1 200 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Penstemon tracyi Keck
"Tracy's beardtongue" Scrophu lariaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-3
Tri n ity
667B, 667C, 668A, 668B, 684C, 685D
Upper montane coniferous forest
(rocky); elevation 1 980-2 1 45 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms June-August.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
See American Midland Naturalist 23:603-605
( 1 940) for original description.
Penstemon utahensis Eastw.
" Utah beardtongue" Scrophulariaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1-1
I nyo, San Bernardino; Arizona, Nevada,
Utah
1 99B, 200A, 2 24C, 225D, 249D, 2 74C
Chenopod scrub, Great Basin scrub,
Mojavean desert scrub, pi nyon and
j u n i per wood land / rocky; elevation
1 065-2 500 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-May.
See Zoe 4(2 ) : 1 24 ( 1 893) for original
description.
Penstemon venustus
Considered but rejected : not native
Pentachaeta aurea N utt.
"golden-rayed pentachaeta" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San
Bernard i no, San Diego; Baja Californ ia
Cismontane woodland, coastal scrub,
lower montane con iferous forest, valley
and foothill grassland; elevation 80-1 850
meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-J u ly.
Threatened by non-native plants.
Pentachaeta bellidiflora Greene
"white-rayed pentachaeta" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Mari n * , Santa Cruz*, San Mateo
387B*, 408A*, 408B*, 408C* , 408D*,
429A, 448 B*, 448C*, 448D*, 466B*,
467A*, 467D*
Val ley and footh ill grassland (often ser­
pentinite ); elevation 35-620 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Known from only one extended occur­
rence bisected by Highway 280; historical
occurrences lost to development. See Bul­
letin ofthe California Academy ofSciences 1 :86
( 1 885) for original description, and Uni­
versity ofCalifornia Publications in Botany 65:
1 -41 ( 1 973) for taxonomic treatment.
Pentachaeta exilis (Gray) Gray ssp.
aeolica Van Horn & Orn d u ff
"slender pentachaeta" Asteraceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-3
Monterey, San Benito
3 1 9C, 339C, 340D
Cismontane woodland, valley and foothill
grassland; elevation 640-855 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
Known from approximately five occur­
rences near The Indians (Monterey Coun­
ty) and Hernandez (San Benito County).
Threatened by vehicles and grazing. See
University ofCalifornia Publications in Botany
65: 1 -41 ( 1 973) for taxonomic treatment.
Pentachaeta fragilis Bdg.
"fragi le pentachaeta" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Kern, Madera, Merced, Monterey, Santa
Barbara, San Luis Obispo, Tuolumne,
Ventura
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest (sandy); elevation 45-2 1 00 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-J u ne.
See University ofCalifornia Publications in
Botany 6(7):1 70 ( 1 9 1 5) for original
description and 65:38 ( 1 973) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Pentachaeta lyonii Gray
" Lyon's pentachaeta" Asteraceae
List 18 / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered

Los Angeles, Santa Catalina Island?*,
Ventura
73A*, 90D*, 1 1 2C, 1 1 3A, 1 1 3B, 1 1 3 D,
1 39 D, SCTN ? *
Chaparral (openings), coastal scrub, val­
ley and foothill grassland; elevation
30-630 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-August.
Known from fewer than twenty extant
occurrences in Santa Monica Mtns. and
western Simi H i l ls. Historical collection
of si ngle plant from Santa Catal ina
Island was l i kely introduced . Threatened
by development, fire regimes, and recre­
ational activities. No successfu l translo­
cation attempts as of 1 994. See Synoptical
Flora ofNorth America 1 ( 2 ) :446 ( 1 884) for
original description, and University of Cali­
fornia Publications in Botany 65: 1 -41
( 1 973) for taxonomic treatment.
Perideridia bacigalupii Chuang &
Const.
" Bacigalupi's yam pah" Apiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Amador, Butte, Calaveras, Madera*,
Mariposa, Nevada, Tuolumne, Yuba
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest / serpentinite; elevation 450-1 000
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms June-August.
See University ofCalifornia Publications in
Botany 55:36-38 ( 1 969) for original
description.
Perideridia gairdneri ( H. & A.)
Math. ssp. gairdneri
"Gaird ner's yam pah" Apiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Contra Costa, Kern, Los Angeles*, Men­
docino, Monterey, Marin, Napa, Orange* ,
San Benito, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, San
Diego*, San Luis Obispo, San Mateo(*?),
Solano, Sonoma
Broad leaved upland forest, chaparral,
coastal prarie, valley and foothill grass­
land, vernal pools / mesic; elevation
0-365 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-October.
Endangered in the southern portion of its
range; status of occurrences uncertain.
Can be relatively common locally, espe­
cially in northern counties. Is plant extant
in San Mateo Cou nty? Threatened by agri­
culture and urbanization. See University of
California Publications in Botany 55:1 -74
( 1 969) for taxonomic treatment.
C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Perideridia leptocarpa Ch uang &
Const.
" narrow-seeded yam pah" Apiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Siskiyou; Oregon
Broadleaved upland forest, cismontane
woodland, lower montane coniferous
forest / usually serpentinite; elevation
425-1 585 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-August.
Taxonomic q uestions; possibly belongs i n
P. oregana. See University ofCalifornia Publi­
cations in Botany 55 :5 1 -54 ( 1 969) for orig­
inal description.
Perideridia parishii (Cou lt. & Rose)
Nels. & Macbr. ssp. parishii
"Parish's yam pah" Apiaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
San Bernard i no; Arizona, Nevada, New
Mexico
1 05A, 1 05B, 1 06A, 1 06B, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 D,
1 3 2C
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps, upper montane conifer­
ous forest; elevation 1 465-3000 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms June-August.
See Botanical Gazette 1 2 : 1 57 ( 1 887) for
original description, and University ofCali­
fornia Publications in Botany 55: 1 -74
( 1 969) for taxonomic treatment.
Perideridia pringlei ( Cou It. & Rose)
Nels. & Macbr.
"adobe yam pah" Apiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Kern, Los Angeles, Monterey, Santa Bar­
bara, San Lu is Obispo, Tu lare, Ventura
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal
scrub, pi nyon and juniper woodland / ser­
pentinite, often clay; elevation 300-1 800
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ly.
Perityle inyoensis ( Ferris) Powel l
" I nyo rock daisy" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
I nyo
327C, 350B, 350D
Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and j u n i per
wood land / rocky, carbonate; elevation
1 800-271 0 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms June-August.
Known from fewer than ten occu rrences
in the southern I nyo Mtns. Threatened by
proposed mining.
243
Perityle megalocephala var.
intricata
Considered but rejected : a synonym of P.
megalocephala var. oligophylla; a common
taxon
Perityle megalocephala var.
oligophylla
Considered but rejected: too common
Perityle villosa ( B lake) S h i n ners
"Hanaupah rock daisy" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
I nyo
302A( * ?), 368B, 369B
Pinyon and jun iper wood land (rocky);
elevation 1 700-2600 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne.
Known from fewer than five occurrences.
Has been searched for but not rediscov­
ered in Hanaupah Cyn. Collected in 1 980
on Mt. Palmer i n the Grapevine Mtns.
Petalonyx gilmanii
See Peta/onyx thurberi ssp. gilmanii
Petalonyx thurberi Gray ssp.
gilmanii ( M u nz) Davis & Thom pson
" Death Val ley sand paper-plant" Loasaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
I nyo
303A, 323C, 326B, 326C, 327D, 348A,
348D, 389C
Desert dunes, Mojavean desert scrub;
elevation 260-1 445 meters.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms
May-September.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Disti nctiveness from ssp. thurberi
needs study.
Peteria thompsoniae Wats.
"spine-noded m i l k vetch" Fabaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
I nyo; Arizona, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, and
elsewhere
275A
Mojavean desert scrub (sandy, all uvial
fans); elevation 800-825 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Known in Cal iforn ia from only one occur­
rence in California Valley. Endangered i n
Idaho. See Madrano 34( 4) : 3 8 1 ( 1 987) for
the California record.
Petradoria discoidea
See Chrysothamnus gramineus
244 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Petradoria pumila ( N utt. ) Green e Petrophyton caespitosum ( Nu tt.) See North American Flora 22(3):253 ( 1 908)
ssp. pumila Ryd b. ssp. acuminatum ( Rydb.) for original description, and Aliso 4:92
( 1 958) for revised nomenclature.
"rock goldenrod" Asteraceae M u nz
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1 " marble rockmat" Rosaceae
Petunia parviflora
San Bernardi no, Tu lare; Arizona, Idaho, List 18 / RED 3-1-3
Considered but rejected : too common
Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Texas, Fresno, I nyo, Tu lare
Utah, Wyoming, and elsewhere
330B, 352A, 3 53 D, 37SD
Pinyon and juni per woodland ( rocky, car­ Phacelia amabilis Const.
Lower montane coniferous forest, upper
bonate); elevation 1 070-3400 meters. "Saline Valley phacelia" Hydrophyllaceae
montane coniferous forest / carbonate or
Perenn ial herb, bloomsj u ly-October. granitic, rocky; elevation 1 200-2300 List 3 / RED 3 - 1 -3
See Erythea 3 : 1 3 ( 1 895) for revised meters. Inyo
nomenclature. Shrub (evergreen), blooms 347A, 3 SOA*
August-September.

Petrophyton caespitosum
ssp. acuminatum

Riparian scrub, subalpine coniferous for­
est / gravel ly; elevation 500-700 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
Move to List 1 B? Rediscovered in the
[
mid-1 980's by M. DeDecker above Mud
Cyn ., growing with in a population of P.
crenulata; probably a variant of the latter.
Repeated searches of the type locality
have been u nsuccessfu I.
Phacelia anelsonii Macbr.
"Aven Nelson's phacelia" Hydrophyl laceae
List 2 / RED 2-1-1
I nyo, San Bernardino; Nevada, and else­
where
2 24C, 2 26A, 349D
Joshua tree "woodland", pi nyon and
j u niper woodland / carbonate, sandy or
gravelly; elevation 1 200- 1 500 meters.
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-May.
See Contributions from the Gray Herbarium
49:26 ( 1 9 1 7) for original description.
Phacelia argentea Nels. & Macbr.
"sand d u n e phacelia" Hydrophyl l aceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2
Del Norte; Oregon
740B, 740C
Coastal dunes; elevation 3-25 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-August.
Known in Cal ifornia from only five occur­
rences near Lake Earl and the Smith River
Du nes. Threatened by coastal develop­
ment, vehicles, and non-native plants.
State-listed as Threatened in Oregon. See
Botanical Gazette 61 :34 ( 1 91 6) for original
descri ption.
Phacelia calthifolia
Considered but rejected: too common
Phacelia ciliata Benth. var. opaca
j .T. H owel l
"Merced phacelia" Hydrophyll aceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1 -3
Merced
400B, 40 1 A, 420C, 42 1 C, 42 1 D
Val l ey and foothill grassland (clay);
elevation 60- 1 50 meters.
Annual herb, blooms February-May.
Known from fewer than ten extant occur­
rences. Occurrences mostly h istorical ;
need field surveys. See P. ciliata in TheJep­
son Manual. See Leaflets of Western Botany
1 : 2 2 1 ( 1 936) for original description.
C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Phacelia cinerea Eastw.
"ashy phacelia" Hydrophyl laceae
List 1A
San Nicolas Island*
SNIC*
Meadows and seeps (mesic); elevation
unknown.
Perenn ial herb, blooms March-Apri l .
Known only from the type collection (in
1 90 1 ). Rediscovery attem pt i n 1 977 and
others since 1 983 have been unsuccess­
fu l. See P. distans in TheJepson Manual. See
Contributions from the Gray Herbarium 49:26
( 1 91 7) for original descri ption.
Phacelia coerulea Greene
"sky-blue phacelia" Hydrophyllaceae
Llst 2 / RED 3-1 - 1
San Bernardino; Arizona, Baja Cal ifornia,
Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Utah, and
elsewhere
249D
Mojavean desert scrub, pinyon and
jun iper woodland; elevation 1 400-2000
meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
8 : 1 22 ( 1 88 1 ) for original description.
Phacelia cookei Const. & Heckard
"Cooke's phacelia" Hydrophyll aceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Siskiyou
698B, 71 5C, 71 6C
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­
erous forest / sandy, volcanic; elevation
1 095-1 700 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms J u ne-J u ly.
Known from approximately six occur­
rences. Threatened by non-native plants,
and possibly by fi re su ppression. See Brit­
tonia 2 2 ( 1 ):25-30 ( 1 970) for original
description.
Phacelia dalesiana j .T. Howel l
"Scott Mou ntain phacelia"
Hydrophyl laceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Shasta, Siskiyou, Trin ity
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps, subal pine coniferous for­
est, upper montane coniferous forest /
serpentin ite; elevation 1 025-2 1 05 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-Ju ly.
Possibly threatened by logging and graz­
i ng. See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 2 : 5 1
( 1 937) for original description.
245
Phacelia divaricata var. insularis
See Phacelia insularis var. insularis
Phacelia exilis (Gray) G .j . Lee
"Transverse Range phacelia"
Hyd rophyllaceae
List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -3
Kern, Los Angeles, San Bernardino,
Tu lare, Ventura
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps, upper montane conifer­
ous forest / sandy or gravel ly; elevation
1 1 00-2700 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-August.
Can be locally com mon. Difficult to sep­
arate from P. mohavensis. See Synoptical
Flora ofNorth America 2( 1 ): 1 65 ( 1 878)
for original descri ption, and Systematic
Botany 1 3( 1 ): 1 6-20 ( 1 988) for revised
nomenclature.
Phacelia tloribunda Greene
"many-flowered phacelia" Hydrophyllaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-2
San Clemente Island; Guadalu pe Island
(Mexico)
SCMC, SCMN, SCMS
Coastal scrub; elevation 1 5-500 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences over its range. Feral herbivores
removed from San Clemente Island, and
vegetation recovering.
Phacelia greenei j .T. Howel l
"Scott Val ley phacel ia" Hydrophyllaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Siskiyou
700A, 700C, 700D, 7 0 1 A, 701 C, 701 D,
7 1 7B, 71 7C, 71 8C, 7 1 8 D
Closed-cone coniferous forest, lower
montane coniferous forest, subalpine
coniferous forest, upper montane conif­
erous forest / serpentinite; elevation
800-2440 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Known only in the vici nity of Scott Valley.
Possibly threatened by mining.
Phacelia grisea
Considered but rejected : too common
246 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Phacelia gymnoclada Wats.
"naked-stemmed phacelia"
Hyd rophyllaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1
Lassen, Mono; Nevada, Oregon
602A, 620C, 620D
Chenopod scrub, Great Basin scrub,
pi nyon and j u n i per woodland / gravelly
or clay; elevation 1 220-2500 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms April-August.
Need q uads for Mono County. Endan­
gered i n Oregon. See Botany ofthe King
Exploration, p. 255 ( 1 871 ) for original
description.
Phacelia insularis M u nz var.
continentis J .T. Howe l l
"North Coast phacelia" Hyd rophyllaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Mendocino, Marin
485B, 485C, 569A, 585D
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal du nespecies
sandy; elevation 1 0-1 70 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms March-May.
Known from approximately seven occur­
rences. Threatened by foot traffic, non­
native plants, and grazing. See American
Midland Naturalist 33 :474 ( 1 945) for origi­
nal descri ption.
Phacelia insularis M u nz var.
insularis
"northern Channel Islands phacelia"
Hydrophyllaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Federal Endangered
San Miguel Island, Santa Rosa Island
SM IW, SROE, SRON
Coastal Du nes, valley and foothill grass­
land; elevation 0-2 1 5 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-April.
Known from fewer than five occurrences;
only one seen recently. Seen on Santa
Rosa Island in 1 994 (first collection since
1 973 ). Last seen on San Miguel Island i n
1 984. Threatened b y feral herbivores o n
Santa Rosa Island. See Bulletin ofthe South­
ern California Academy ofSciences 3 1 : 1 1 3
( 1 932) for original description, and Amer­
ican Midland Naturalist 33:472-474 ( 1 945)
for taxonomic treatment.
Phacelia inundata J .T. Howe l l
"playa phacelia" Hydrophyllaceae
List 18 / RED 2-1-2
Lassen, Modoc; Nevada, Oregon
639D, 640B, 640C, 641 A, 71 2A, 728C
Great Basin scrub, lower montane con if­
erous forest, playas / al ka l i ne; elevation
1 500-2000 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-August.
Endangered in Oregon. See Leaflets of
Western Botany 4: 1 5 ( 1 944) for original
descri ption, and Madrano 28(3): 1 2 1 -1 3 2
( 1 98 1 ) for taxonomic treatment.
Phacelia inyoensis ( Macbr. ) J .T.
H owel l
" I nyo phacelia" Hydrophyl l aceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
I nyo, Mono
351 D, 393A, 41 2C, 4 1 3 B, 41 3C, 432C,
433A, 434A, 451 D
Meadows and seeps (alkal ine); elevation
9 1 5-3200 meters.
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-August.
Threatened by grazing and vehicles. See
Contributions from the Gray Herbarium 49:41
( 1 9 1 7) for original description, Leaflets
ofWestern Botany 4: 1 6 ( 1 944) for revised
nomenclature, and Madrano 28(3):
1 2 1 -1 32 ( 1 981 ) for taxonomic treatment.
Phacelia ivesiana
Considered but rejected : too common
Phacelia ixodes
Considered but rejected: not in California
Phacelia leonis J .T. Howe l l
"Siskiyou phacelia" Hyd rophyllaceae
List 18 / RED 2-1 -2
Siskiyou, Tri nity
667A, 682B, 682C, 683B, 684A, 684C,
684D, 686D, 699C, 700C, 738A, 738D
Meadows and seeps, upper montane
coni ferous forest (openings) / often ser­
pentinite; elevation 1 200-2000 meters.
Annual herb, blooms June-August.
Phacelia longipes
Considered but rejected: too common
Phacelia lyonii
Considered but rejected: too common
Phacelia marcescens
Considered but rejected : too common
Phacelia mohavensis Gray
" M ojave phacel ia" Hydrophyllaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Los Angeles, San Bernardino
Cismontane woodl and, lower montane
coniferous forest, meadows and seeps,
pi nyon and jun iper woodland / sandy or
gravel ly; elevation 1 400-2500 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-August.
Difficult to separate from P. exilis. See Syn­
optical Flora ofNorth America 2( 1 ): 1 64
( 1 878) for original description, and Sys­
tematic Botany 1 3( 1 ) : 1 6-20 ( 1 988) for
additional i nformation.
Phacelia monoensis Halse
" Mono County phacelia" Hydrophyllaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-2
Mono; Nevada
469B, 470B, 486C, 487C, 487D, 488A
Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and jun iper
woodland / clay, often roadsides;
elevation 1 900-2900 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-July.
Known in California from thirteen occur­
rences. Threatened by vehicles, grazi ng,
and trampli ng. Threatened in Nevada.
See Madrano 28(3 ) : 1 24-1 25 ( 1 98 1 ) for
original descri ption, and lntermountain
Flora 4:1 77 ( 1 984) for alternate taxo­
nomic treatment.
Phacelia mustelina Cov.
" Death Val l ey rou n d-leaved phacelia"
Hyd rophyllaceae
List 18 / RED 2-1 -2
Inyo, San Bernard i no; Nevada
232B, 2 76B, 300B, 302A, 323B, 325B,
325D, 368A, 368B, 368D, 369B, 389D,
392D
Mojavean desert scrub, p inyon and
juniper woodland / carbonate or vol­
canic, gravelly or rocky; elevation
730-2620 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Known in California from fewer than
twenty occurrences. Most occurrences
h istorical; need field surveys. On watch
l ist in Nevada. Seejournal ofthe Washington
Academy ofSciences 27( 5 ): 1 96 ( 1 937) for
original description.
Phacelia nashiana Jeps.
"Charlotte's phacelia" Hydrophyllaceae
List 1 8 / RED 1 -2-3
I nyo, Kern, Tu lare
2 1 1 A, 235A, 235B, 235C, 236D, 258B,
258C, 259A, 259C, 259D, 282A, 282B,
282C, 283D, 306A, 306D
Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean
desert scrub, pi nyon and j u n i per wood­
land; elevation 600-2200 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-June.
 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 247

Threatened by grazing and m i n i ng. See
Flora ofCalifornia 3 ( 2 ) : 276-277 ( 1 943 ) by
W. L. J epson for original description.
Phacelia novenmillensis M u nz
" N i n e Mile Canyon phacelia"
Hydrophyllaceae
List 1 B I RED 3-2-3
Inyo, Kern, Tulare
258B, 282C, 283 D, 306C, 307D
Broadleaved upland forest, cismontane
wood land, pinyon and jun iper woodland,
upper montane coniferous forest / sandy
or gravelly; elevation 1 645-2640 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Threatened by grazing and recreation.
See Aliso 3(2): 1 22-1 24 ( 1 955) for origi­
nal description.
Phacelia orogenes Brand
"mountain phacelia" Hydrophyllaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Fresno, Tu lare
Meadows and seeps, pi nyon and jun iper
woodland, subalpine coniferous forest /
mesic; elevation 2400-3400 meters.
Annual herb, blooms July-August.
Phacelia perityloides Cov. var.
jaegeri M u nz
"Jaeger's phacelia" Hyd rophyllaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-2
San Bernard i no; Nevada
249 0
Pi nyon and juniper wood land ( rocky,
often carbonate); elevation 1 830-2345
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J uly.
Known in California only from Clark
Mtn . ; known in Nevada only from the
Phacelia pulchella Gray var.
gooddingii ( Bran d ) J .T. Howel l
Sheep Mtns. See Man ual of Southern
California, p. 41 2, 600 ( 1 935) by P.A.
Munz for original description.
Phacelia phacelioides ( Ben th . )
Brand
" Mt. Diablo phacelia" Hydrophyllaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Contra Costa, San Benito, Santa Clara,
Stanislaus
339B, 425B, 425C, 426C, 426D, 444D,
464B, 464C
Chaparral, cismontane woodland /
rocky; elevation 500- 1 370 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms Apri l-May.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Many occurrences historical; need
field surveys. Possibly threatened by foot
traffic and trail construction.
Phacelia platyloba
Considered but rejected : too common
Phacelia pringlei
Considered but rejected : too common
"Goodd i ng's phacel ia" Hyd rophyllaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
I nyo; Arizona, Nevada, Utah
273C
Mojavean desert scrub (clay, often alka­
line); elevation 800-1 000 meters.
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-June.
Known in California from only one occur­
rence i n Mesqu ite Valley. See Pflanzenreich
4(2 5 1 ): 1 20 ( 1 9 1 3) for original descrip­
tion , and Leaflets ofWestern Botany 3( 5): 1 1 9
( 1 942) for revised nomenclature.

Phacelia parishii Gray

" Parish's phacelia" Hyd rophyllaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2
San Bernardino; Arizona, Nevada
1 3 1 B * , 1 82A, 205C
Mojavean desert scrub, playas / clay or
alkaline; elevation 540-1 200 meters.
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-Ju ly.
Rediscovered in California in 1 989 by M.
Bagley; now known in Cal ifornia Ii-om
two occurrences. Threatened by military
activities, and potentially by expansion of
Ft. Irwin. Known in Arizona from only one
occurrence discovered in 1 994. See Pro­
ceeding? ofthe American Academy ofArts and
Sciences 1 9:88 ( 1 883) for original descrip­
tion, and American Midland Naturalist 29:
1 6-1 7 ( 1 943 ) for taxonomic treatment.

Phacelia peirsoniana j .T. Howe l l

" Peirson's phacelia" Hydrophyl laceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 - 1
I nyo, Mono; Nevada
Great Basin scrub, pinyon and juniper
wood land / rocky, carbonate; elevation
1 370-2700 meters. Phacelia parishii
Annual herb, blooms May-August.
See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 3( 5): 1 1 7
( 1 942 ) for original description, and Amer­
ican Midland Naturalist 29:21 ( 1 943) for
taxonomic treatment.
248 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Phacelia sericea (Graha m ) Gray var. Known from only th ree occurrences. Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
ciliosa Ryd b. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club Threatened by u rbanization and recre­
5 1 :298 ( 1 924) for original descri ption, ation. See Proceedings ofthe American Acad­
"blue alpine p hacel ia" Hydrophyllaceae and Aliso 9 ( 2 ) : 1 89-1 96 ( 1 978) for emy ofArts and Sciences 2 2 : 3 1 0 ( 1 887) for
List 2 / RED 2-1-1 revised nomenclature. original descri ption.
Modoc, Siskiyou; Arizona, Nevada, Ore­
gon, Wyoming, and elsewhere Phacelia vallicola Phlox hirsuta E. Nels.
690B, 690C, 700A, 708D Considered but rejected : too common
"Yreka phlox" Polemoniaceae
Great Basin scrub, upper montane conif­
erous forest ( rocky); elevation List 18 / RED 3-2-3
Phalacroseris bolanderi State Endangered/Federal
2 1 00-2700 meters.
Considered but rejected: too common Endangered
Perenn ial herb, blooms June-August.
Siskiyou
Known in California only from the Warner
Mtns. (Modoc Cou nty) and China Mtn.
Phaseolus filiformis Benth. 71 7A, 7 1 7B
(Siskiyou County). "slender-stem bean" Fabaceae Lower montane coniferous forest, upper
List 2 / RED 3-1-1 montane coniferous forest / serpentinite,
Phacelia stebbinsii Const. & Riverside; Arizona, Baja California, and talus; elevation 820-1 500 meters.
Heckard elsewhere Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne.
64C Known from only three occurrences near
"Stebbi ns's phacelia" Hydrophyl laceae
Sonoran desert scrub; elevation 1 25 Yreka. Threatened by development and
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
meters. vehicles.
El Dorado, Nevada, Placer
Annual herb, blooms April .
523C, 524A, 524B, 524C, 525A, 525B,
525D, 539B, 53 9C, 539D, 540A, 540C, Known in California from only o n e occur­ Phlox muscoides N utt.
540D, 556B, 556D rence in the Coachella Valley. " moss phlox" Polemon iaceae
Cismontane woodland, lower montane List 2 / RED 2- 1 -1
coniferous forest, meadows and seeps; Phaseolus wrightii Lassen, Modoc, Shasta, Siskiyou; Neva­
elevation 6 1 0-201 0 meters. See Phaseolus filiformis da, Oregon, and elsewhere
Ann ual h erb, bloomsJune-J uly. 623D, 626A, 690B, 690C, 707C, 708D,
See Brittonia 22( 1 ):25-30 ( 1 970) for orig­ Phlox adsurgens 7 1 2A, 7 1 2B, 730C, 730D, 73 1 A, 73 1 C,
i nal description. 73 1 D
Considered but rejected: too common
Alpine boulder and rock field, Great Basin
scrub, subalpine coniferous forest / gravel­
Phacelia stellaris Brand Phlox azurea ly or rocky; elevation 1 280-2700 meters.
" Brand's phacelia" Hyd rophyllaceae Considered but rejected: a synonym of P. Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne-August.
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-2 diffusa; a common taxon
Los Angeles(*?), San Diego; Baja
Cal iforn ia
Pholisma arenarium
Phlox bryoides
Considered but rejected : too common
1 1 B* , 1 1 D, 22C* , 36B, 89B*, 90B*, See Phlox muscoides
90C*, 1 1 0D(*?)
Coastal Du nes, coastal scrub; elevation Pholisma sonorae (Gray)
Phlox dispersa C.W. Sharsm.
5-400 meters. Yatskievych
" H igh Sierra ph lox" Polemoniaceae
Ann ual herb, blooms March-J u ne. "sand food" Len noaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Known from fewer than five occurrences. List 18 / RED 2-2-2
I nyo, Tulare
Historical occurrences extirpated by I m perial; Arizona, Baja California, Sono­
development. Some plants i ntermediate Alpine boulder and rock field (gran itic); ra (Mexico)
to P. douglasii var. douglasii occur in SE elevation 3600-4200 meters.
2A, 2B, 1 3A, 1 4B, 1 5C, 26C, 2 7C, 27D,
Western Transverse Range foothills. See Perenn ial herb (stoloniferous), blooms 30D
Pflanzenreich 4( 251 ) : 1 23 ( 1 9 1 3 ) for origi­ J u ly-August.
nal description. Desert du nes; elevation 0-200 meters.
See Aliso 4:1 28 ( 1 958) for original
Perennial herb ( parasitic), blooms
descri ption.
Apri l-June.
Phacelia suaveolens Greene ssp.
Threatened by vehicles and m i l itary
keckii ( M u nz & J t n . ) Thorne Phlox dolichantha Gray activities. Parasitic on Eriogonum, Tiquilia,
"Santiago Peak phacelia" Hyd rophyllaceae " Big Bear Valley phlox" Polemoniaceae Ambrosia, and Pluchea spp. See Memoirs of
List 18 / RED 3-1-3 List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3 the American Academy ofArts and Sciences
Orange, Riverside 5:327 ( 1 854), Desert Plants 2(3 ): 1 88-1 96
San Bernard i no
( 1 980) for species accou nt, and Systemat­
49B, 70A, 87D 1 04B, 1 05A, 1 05B, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 D ic Botany 1 1 ( 4):531 -548 ( 1 986) for
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral; Pebble (pavement) plain, upper montane revised treatment.
elevation 6 1 0- 1 600 meters. coniferous forest (openings); elevation
Ann ual herb, blooms May-June. 1 830-2970 meters.

Pholistoma auritum ( Li n d i . ) Lilja
var. arizonicum Uones) Const.
"Arizona pholistoma" Hyd rophyllaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
San Bernardino; Arizona, Baja California,
Sonora ( M exico)
1 21 D
Mojavean desert scru b; elevation
300-700 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March.
Known in Cal ifornia from only one occur­
rence in the Whi pple Mtns.
Pholistoma racemosum
Considered but rejected : too common
Physalis crassifolia
Considered but rejected : too common
Physalis greenei
Considered but rejected : a synonym of P.
crassifolia; a common taxon
Physalis lobata Torr.
"lobed ground-cherry" Solanaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
San Bernardino; Arizona, Nevada, and
elsewhere
1 00A, 1 00D, 1 48B, 1 99B
Mojavean desert scrub (decom posed
granitic), playas; elevation 500-800
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms September­
January.
See Madrano 26(2): 1 0 1 ( 1 979) for fi rst
California records.
Physaria chambersii Rol l .
"Cham bers's physaria" Brassicaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1
Inyo, San Bernardino; Arizona, Nevada,
Oregon, Utah
226A, 249D, 325D
Pinyon and j u n i per wood land (carbon­
ate, rocky); elevation 1 500-2590 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-May.
On review l ist i n Oregon. See Rhodora
41 :403 ( 1 939) for original description.
Physocarpus altemans U on es) J .T.
Howe l l
" N evada ninebark" Rosaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1
I nyo, Mono; Nevada, Utah
302A, 302C, 369B, 41 2A, 41 2B, 41 2C
C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Pinyon and j un iper wood land ( rocky, car­
bonate); elevation 1 800-3 1 00 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms J u ne-J uly.
See Zoe 4:42 ( 1 893) for original descrip­
tion, and Proceedi ngs of the California
Academy of Sciences IV 20: 1 30 ( 1 93 1 )
for revised nomenclature.
Picea breweriana
Considered but rejected: too common
Picea engelmannii Enge l m .
"Engelmann spruce" Pinaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Shasta, Siskiyou, Tri nity; Arizona, Idaho,
Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah ,
Washington, and elsewhere
667A, 679C, 701 C
Upper montane coniferous forest;
elevation 1 065-2 1 35 meters.
Tree (evergreen ).
Threatened by logging.
Pilostyles thurberi Gray
"Th u rber's pi lostyles" Rafflesiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
I m perial, Riverside, San Diego; Arizona,
Baja California, Nevada, Sonora ( M exi­
co), and elsewhere
Sonoran desert scrub; elevation 0-365
meters.
Perennial herb ( parasitic), blooms
January.
Grows inside the stems of Psorothamnus,
especially P. emoryi; flowers on the stems
of its host. See Fremontia 5(3):20-22
( 1 977) for species account, and Madrano
26( 4): 1 89 ( 1 979) for d istributional
information.
Pilularia americana
Considered but rejected: too common
Pinguicula macroceras
See Pinguicula vulgaris ssp. macroceras
Pinguicula vulgaris L. ssp.
macroceras ( Li n k) Calder & R.
Taylor
"horned butterwort" Lentibu lariaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon, Washi ng­
ton, and elsewhere
738A, 738D, 739B, 739C, 740C, 740D
Bogs and fens (serpentin ite) ; elevation
40- 1 5 2 5 meters.
Perennial herb (carnivorous), blooms
April-J u ne.
249
Threatened by horticultural collecting.
Alternate name P. macroceras ssp. nortensis
published i n IPSG Newsletter 8:3 ( 1 997).
Pinus aristata
See Pinus longaeva
Pinus balfouriana
Considered but rejected : too com mon
Pinus contorta Lou d . ssp.
bolanderi ( Parl . ) Vasey
" Bolander's beach pine" Pinaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Mendocino
552B, 5 53A, 568B, 568C, 569A, 569D
Closed-cone coniferous forest ( podzol­
l ike soi l); elevation 75-250 meters.
Tree (evergreen ).
Known only from the white sand pine
barrens along the Mendocino coast.
Threatened by development and vehicles.
Pinus edulis Enge l m .
"two-need le pi nyon pine" Pinaceae
List 3 / RED 3-1-1
San Bernardino; Arizona, and elsewhere
200A, 200B, 225C, 225D
Lower montane coniferous forest, pi ny­
on and j u n i per woodland; elevation
1 300-2700 meters.
Tree (evergreen ) .
Cal ifornia plants may b e a form o f P.
monophylla, or hybrids of that plant;
needs study.
Pinus lambertiana
Considered but rejected: too common
Pinus longaeva D. K. Bai ley
"bristlecone pine" Pinaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -1
Inyo, Mono; Nevada, Utah, and elsewhere
Subalpine coniferous forest (carbonate);
elevation 2200-3700 meters.
Tree (evergreen ).
The name P. aristata has been m isapplied
to California material. See Annals ofthe
Missouri Botanical Garden 57: 2 1 0-249
( 1 970) for revised treatment.
Pinus quadrifolia
Considered but rejected: too common
250 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y OF R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS
Pinus radiata D. Don
" Monterey pine" Pinaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2
Monterey, Santa Cruz, San Luis Obispo,
San Mateo; Baja Cal iforn ia, Guadalupe
Island (Mexico)
271 B, 271 D, 344B, 366C, 386C, 387A,
387B, 387D, 408C, 409A, 409D
Closed-cone coniferous forest, cismon­
tane woodland; elevation 25- 1 85 meters.
Tree (evergreen ).
Only three native stands in Cal ifornia, at
Ano Nuevo, Cambria, and the Monterey
Pen insula; i ntroduced in many areas.
Only one-half of the species' historical
extent remai ns undeveloped on the Mon­
terey Peninsu la, and forest destruction
has been unevenly distributed over differ­
ent geomorph ic surfaces. Threatened by
development, genetic contamination,
pine pitch canker disease, and forest frag­
mentation, especially at Del Monte For­
est (Monterey Cou nty) and i n San Luis
Obispo County; seriously threatened by
feral goats on Guadal u pe Island . Plants
from Baja California (Cedros Islan d ) and
Guadalupe Island are genetically d istinct.
See Fremontia 1 8( 2 ): 1 5-2 1 ( 1 990) for dis­
cussion of genetic conservation work.
Pinus remorata
Considered but rejected : a synonym of P.
muricata; a common taxon
Pinus torreyana
See Pinus torreyana sspp. insularis and tor­
reyana
Pinus torreyana Carr ssp. insularis
Hal ler
"Santa Rosa Island Torrey pine" Pinaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Santa Rosa Island
SROE, SRON
Closed-cone con iferous forest; elevation
75-1 SO meters.
Tree (evergreen).
See Systematic Botany 1 1 (1 ):39-50 ( 1 986)
for original descri ption.
Pinus torreyana Carr ssp. torreyana
"Torrey pine" Pinaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
San Diego
22B, 22C
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral /
sandstone; elevation 7 5-1 60 meters.
Tree (evergreen ).
Threatened by development. Seriously
attacked by the five-spined ips bark bee­
tle at Torrey Pines SR, but biological
control apparently has contained this
infestation. See American Forests 9 1 ( 1 0) :
2 6-29 ( 1 985) for species account, and
Systematic Botany 1 1 ( 1 ) :39-50 ( 1 986) for
taxonomic treatment.
Pinus washoensis
Considered but rejected: too common
Piperia candida Morgan &
Ackerman
"white-flowered rei n orchid" Orchidaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -1
Del Norte, H u m boldt, Mendocino,
Santa Cruz, Siskiyou, San Mateo, Sono­
ma, Trin ity; Oregon, Wash i ngton, and
elsewhere
Broadleaved upland forest, lower mon­
tane coniferous forest, North Coast
con iferous forest / sometimes serpenti­
nite; elevation 30-1 3 1 0 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-September.
Difficult to identify from herbari u m mate­
rial. See Lindleyana 5( 4 ):205-2 1 1 ( 1 990)
for origi nal descri ption, and The Wild
Orchids ofCalifornia, p. 1 09-1 1 0 ( 1 995)
by R. Coleman for species account.
Piperia colemanii Morgan &
Glicenstein
"Coleman's rei n orchid" Orchidaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3
Butte, Colusa, Fresno, Madera, Mari­
posa, Placer, Plumas, Shasta, Siskiyou,
Tulare, Tuolumne
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous for­
est / often sandy; elevation 1 200-2300
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms June-August.
Not in TheJepson Manual. Possibly threat­
ened by logging. See Lindleyana 8(2):89
( 1 993) for original description, and The
Wild Orchids ofCalifornia, p. 1 1 -1 1 3 ( 1 995)
by R. Coleman for species account.
Piperia cooperi (Wats. ) Ryd b.
"chaparral rei n orchid" Orchidaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San
Bernard ino, Santa Catalina Island, San
Diego, Ventura; Baja California, Sonora
(Mexico)
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, valley
and foothill grassland; elevation 1 5- 1 585
meters.
Perennial h erb, blooms March-J une.
Threatened by urbanization and horticul­
tural collecting. See Proceedings ofthe Ameri­
can Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 2:276
( 1 876) for original descri ption, Bulletin of
the Torrey Botanical Club 28( 1 1 ):636 (1 901 )
for revised nomenclature, and The Wild
Orchids ofCalifornia, p. 1 1 4-1 1 6 ( 1 995) by
R. Coleman for species accou nt.
Piperia elegans ssp. elegans
Considered but rejected : too common
Piperia elegans ( Li n d i . ) Ryd b. ssp.
decurtata Morgan & Glicenstei n
" Pt. Reyes rei n orc h i d " Orchidaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Marin
48SC
Coastal bluff scrub; elevation 1 5- 1 85
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J uly-October.
Known only from three small occurrences
at Pt. Reyes NS; only a few hundred
plants known as of 1 993. Threatened by
tram pling. Not in TheJepson Manual. See
Lindleyana 8(2):93 ( 1 993) for original
descri ption, and The Wild Orchids ofCali­
fornia, p. 1 1 7-1 20 ( 1 995) by R. Coleman
for species account.
Piperia elongata ssp. michaelii
See Piperia michaelii
Piperia leptopetala Ryd b.
" narrow-petaled rei n orchid" Orchidaceae
List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -3
El Dorado, Fresno, Lake, Los Angeles,
Monterey, Mariposa, Nevada, Orange,
Plu mas, Riverside, San Bernard i no, San
Benito, San Diego, Santa Clara, Shasta,
Siskiyou, San Luis Obispo, Sonoma,
Tu lare
Cismontane woodland, lower montane
con iferous forest, u pper montane conif­
erous forest; elevation 380-2225 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J uly.
See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
28: 270 ( 1 901 ) for original description,
and The Wild Orchids ofCalifornia, p. 1 24-
1 25 ( 1 995) by R. Coleman for species
account.

Piperia michaelii (Greene) Rydb.
" M ichael's rei n orchid" Orchidaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Alameda, Amador, Butte, Contra Costa,
Fresno, Hu mboldt, Los Angeles*, Mon­
terey, Mari n, Santa Barbara, San Benito,
Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz
Island , San Francisco, San Luis Obispo,
San Mateo, Stan islaus, Tulare, Tuolumne,
Ventura( *?), Yuba
Coastal bluff scrub, closed-cone conifer­
ous forest, chaparral, cismontane wood­
land, coastal scrub, lower montane
coniferous forest; elevation 3-9 1 5 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-August.
Recent su rveys in Ventura Cou nty have
been u nsuccessfu l . Known from Santa
Cruz Island from a single collection i n
1 968. See Bulletin ofthe California Acade­
my ofSciences 1 :282 ( 1 885) for origi nal
descri ption, Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical
Club 28: 640 ( 1 90 1 ) for revised nomen­
clature, and The Wild Orchids ofCalifornia,
p. 1 26- 1 28 ( 1 995) by R. Coleman for
species account.
Piperia yadonii Morgan & Ackerman
"Yadon's rein orchid" Orchidaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Federal Endangered
Monterey
344B, 366A, 366C, 3 66 D, 386B?, 386C
Coastal bluff scrub, closed-cone conifer­
ous forest, chaparral ( maritime) / sandy;
elevation 1 0-41 5 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
Known from fewer than fifteen occur­
rences. Threatened by u rban ization,
recreational development, non-native
plants, road mai ntenance, and herbivory.
See Lindleyana 5(4): 205-2 1 1 ( 1 990) for
original description, and The Wild Orchids
ofCalifornia, p. 1 34-1 35 ( 1 995) by R.
Coleman for species accou nt.
Piptatherum micranthum (Tri n . &
Ru pr. ) Barkworth
"small-flowered rice grass" Poaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1
I nyo, Mono, San Bernard i no; Idaho, and
elsewhere
249D, 250B, 41 2A, 41 2B, 43 1 D
Pi nyan and jun iper wood land (gravel ly,
carbonate); elevation 700-2950 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne-September.
Threatened in Idaho. See Phytologia
74( 1 ) : 1 -25 ( 1 993 ) for revised nomen­
clature.
C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS
Pityopus californicus ( Eastw. )
Copel. f.
" Californ i a p i nefoot" Ericaceae
List 4 / RED 1-2-1
Del Norte, Fresno, H umboldt, Mendoci­
no, Mariposa, Marin(*?), Napa, Siskiyou,
Sonoma, Tulare; Oregon, Washington
Broadleaved upland forest, lower mon­
tane coniferous forest, North Coast
coniferous forest, upper montane conif­
erous forest; elevation 1 5-2225 meters.
Perennial herb (achlorophyl lous), blooms
May-August.
Threatened by logging. State-listed as
Sensitive in Washington . See Bulletin ofthe
Torrey Botanical Club 29(2):75 ( 1 902) for
original description, and Madrano 3 : 1 55
( 1 935) for revised nomenclature.
Plagiobothrys chorisianus
(Chamb.) Jtn. var. chorisianus
"Choris's popcorn-flower" Boraginaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Alameda*, Santa Cruz, San Francisco,
San Mateo
409A, 409D, 429 B, 446C, 448B, 466C
Chaparral, coastal prarie, coastal scrub I
mesic; elevation 1 5-1 00 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-June.
Taxonomic work needed; i ntergrades
with var. hickmanii, and differences may
be environmentally induced . Threatened
by development.
Plagiobothrys chorisianus (Cham . )
Jtn . var. hickmanii (Greene) J tn .
" H ickman's popcorn-flower" Boraginaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Monterey, San Ben ito, Santa Clara, Santa
Cruz, San Luis Obispo, San Mateo?
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
coastal scrub, marshes and swamps, ver­
nal pools; elevation 1 5-1 85 meters.
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-June.
Does plant occur i n San Mateo County?
lntergrades with var. chorisianus. See Pitto­
nia 1 : 1 3 ( 1 887) for original descri ption,
and Contributions from the Arnold Arboretum
3 :49 ( 1 93 2 ) for revised nomenclature.
Plagiobothrys diffusus (Greene) Jtn.
"San Francisco popcorn-flower"
Boragi naceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered
Alameda, Santa Cruz, San Francisco*
387B, 387E, 407C, 408D, 465C, 466C*
251
Coastal prarie, valley and foothill grass­
land ; elevation 60-360 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-June.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
Threatened by development and non­
native plants. Identification difficu lt; tax­
onomic work needed. See P. reticulatus
var. rossianorum i n TheJepson Manual. See
Pittonia 1 : 1 4 ( 1 887) for original descrip­
tion, and Contributions from the Arnold
Arboretum 3:77 ( 1 932) for revised
nomenclature.
Plagiobothrys distantiflorus
Considered but rejected: too com mon
Plagiobothrys glaber (Gray) Jtn .
"hairless popcorn-flower" Boragin aceae
Llst 1A
Alameda* , Merced* , Mari n * , San Beni­
to* , Santa Clara*
384A* , 385B*, 385C*, 407B*, 427C*,
427D* , 445B*, 447A*, 447D* , 467A*
Meadows and seeps (alkaline), marshes
and swamps (coastal salt); elevation
1 5-1 80 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-May.
Last confirmed siting in 1 954. Possi bly
relocated near Antioch; identification
uncertain. All collections since 1 930's
located in the Hollister area; plant should
also be looked for there. Possibly a vari­
ety of P. stipitatus. See Proceedings ofthe
American Academy ofArts and Sciences
1 7:227 ( 1 882) for original description.
Plagiobothrys glomeratus
Considered but rejected : not in California
Plagiobothrys glyptocarpus ( Pi per)
Jtn . var. modestusjtn.
"Cedar Crest popcorn-flower" Boraginaceae
List 3 / RED 3-?-3
Nevada
542A
Cismontane woodland ; elevation 870
meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
Move to List 1 A? Apparently not col lect­
ed since 1 937; field su rveys needed. May
be a m i nor variant or hybrid . Position i n
t h e P. glyptocarpus/P distantiflorus complex
needs study.
252 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Plagiobothrys hystriculus ( Pi per)
Jtn .
" bearded popcorn-flower" Boraginaceae
List 1A
Solano*
48 1 0*
Valley and footh i l l grassland ( mesic),
vernal pools; elevation 1 0-50 meters.
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-May.
Known only from the type collection (in
1 89 2 ) in the Montezuma H i l ls; all other
reports have been m isidentifications. Eas­
ily confused with P. acanthocarpus, P. tra­
chycarpus, and others.
Plagiobothrys lithocaryus (Greene)
Jtn .
" M ayacamas popcorn-flower"
Boraginaceae
List 1A
Lake*, Mendocino?*
549C*, 5660?*
Chaparral?, cismontane wood land, valley
and foothill grassland / mesic; elevation
300-450 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
Known only from the type collection by
Curran ( Lakeport, Lake County) in 1 884
and an uncertain collection by Purpus
( Potter Valley, Mendocino County) in
1 899; should be looked for i n these areas.
Plagiobothrys mollis (Gray) Jtn.
var. vestitus (Greene) Jtn.
" Petaluma popcorn-flower" Boraginaceae
List 1A
Sonoma*
484B*
Marshes and swam ps? (coastal salt), val­
ley and foothi l l grassland (mesic);
elevation 1 0-50 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms June-J u ly.
Known only from the type collection ( i n
1 880) near Petaluma. Field work needed.
Plagiobothrys myosotoides
( Leh m . ) Brand
"forget-me-not popcorn-flower"
Boraginaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
Fresno, Santa Clara, Tu lare; South
America
Chaparral; elevation 500-2000 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
Identification uncertai n. Relationship to
P. torreyi com plex needs study. More
South American specimens needed for
comparison with California material.
Plagiobothrys parishii Jtn.
" Parish's popcorn-flower" Boraginaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
I nyo*, Los Angeles*, Mono*, San
Bernard i no
1 3 1 B, 1 600*, 1 80A*, 3 5 1 0 * , 432C*,
4320*
Great Basin scrub, Joshua tree "wood­
land " / alkal i ne, mesic; elevation
750-1 400 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-November.
Known in California from only one occur­
rence at Rabbit Springs. Threatened by
groundwater pumping. See Contributions
from the Gray Herbarium 68:78 ( 1 923) for
original description, and Contributions
from the Arnold Arboretum 3:54-55 ( 1 932)
for taxonomic treatment.
Plagiobothrys salsus ( Bdg. ) Jtn .
"desert popcorn-flower" Boragi naceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
I nyo, Modoc; Nevada, Oregon
299B, 322C, 3 2 2 D, 707B, 707C
Playas (alkal ine); elevation 700 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-August.
Known in Cal ifornia from approxi mately
five occurrences. Endangered in Oregon ,
b u t more widespread in Nevada. See
Botanical Gazette 27:452 ( 1 899) for origi­
nal description.
Plagiobothrys scriptus
Considered but rejected: too common
Plagiobothrys strictus (Greene) Jtn.
"Calistoga popcorn-flower" Boraginaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Threatened/Federal
Endangered
Napa
5 1 70
Meadows and seeps, valley and foothi l l
grassland , vernal pools / alkaline areas
near thermal spri ngs; elevation 90-1 60
meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-June.
Known from only two extant occurrences
near Calistoga. Threatened by urbaniza­
tion, recreational activities, and airport
maintenance.
Plagiobothrys torreyi (G r ay) Gray
var. torreyi
"Yosemite popcorn-flower" Boraginaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Mariposa
437A, 437B, 438A
Lower montane con iferous forest,
meadows and seeps; elevati on
1 200- 1 3 70 meters.
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-June.
Known only from the Yosemite Valley.
I
Taxonomic status ofvars. torreyi and dif­
{Usus need research. See Proceedings of the
American Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 0:58
l
( 1 874) for original description and
20:284 ( 1 885) for revised nomenclature.
Plagiobothrys uncinatus J .T.
Howe l l
"hooked popcorn-flower" Boraginaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Monterey, San Benito, Santa Clara, San
Luis Obispo
270B, 295B?, 295C, 296A, 3 1 8B, 31 9B,
3 1 9C, 341 B, 341 C, 343A, 343B, 343D,
363C, 425B
Chaparral (sandy), cismontane wood­
land, valley and foothill grassland;
elevation 300-730 meters.
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-May.
Field su rveys needed in Gabi/an and
Santa Lucia ranges to determ ine status.
Plantago maritima var. californica
Considered but rejected: too common
Platanthera stricta Li n d i .
"slender bog-orchid" Orchidaceae
List 4 I RED 1 -2-1
Del Norte, H u mboldt, Modoc, Siskiyou,
Trinity; New Mexico, Oregon , Wyoming,
and elsewhere
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps / mesic; elevation
1 000-2300 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-August.
See The Wild Orchids ofCalifornia, p. 1 5 1 -
1 53 ( 1 995) by R. Coleman for species
accou nt.
Platystemon californicus Be nth .
var. ciliatus D u n kl e
"Santa Barbara Island cream cups"
Papaveraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Santa Barbara Island
SBRA

Coastal bluff scrub; elevation SO meters.
Annual herb, blooms February-M ay.
Known from only one extended occur­
rence. Threatened by non-native plants.
See P. californicus in TheJepson Manual. See
Madrano 21 ( 5 ) : 3 6 6-367 ( 1 9 7 2 ) for
species account.
Plectritis eichleriana
Considered but rejected: a synonym of P.
macrocera; a common taxon
Plectritis jepsonii
Considered but rejected : a synonym of P.
macrocera; a com m on taxon
Plectritis macrocera ss p .
macrocera
Co nsidered but rejected: too com mon; a
synonym of P. macrocera
Pleuropogon californicus (C.G.
Nees von Esenbeck) Vasey var. davyi
( Benson) A. Love & D. Love
" D avy's semaphore grass" Poaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Lake, Mendocino
Cismontane woodland, lower montane
coniferous forest, meadows a n d seeps;
elevation 305-6 1 0 meters.
Perenni al herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
March- May.
See P. californicus in TheJepson Manual. See
Americanjournal ofBotany 28:360 ( 1 941 )
for original description, and Novon 4:
1 6- 1 7 ( 1 994) for revised nomenclature.
Pleuropogon davyi
See Pleuropogon californicus var. davyi
Pleuropogon hooverianus ( L.
Benso n ) J .T. H owel l
" N o rth Coast semaphore grass" Poaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Rare
Mendocino, Mari n , Sonoma
467A, 484C, 5 0 1 C, 502B, 53 SA, 5 5 1 D,
567A, 568D, 583B, 583C, 584A
Broadleaved u p land forest, meadows
and seeps, marshes and swamps (fresh­
water), North Coast coniferous forest,
vernal pools I mesic; elevation 1 0-635
meters.
Pere n n i al herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
May-August.
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Known from fewer than t e n occurrences.
Threatened by logging. See Americanjour­
nal ofBotany 28:360 ( 1 94 1 ) for original
descri pti o n , Leaflets ofWestern Botany
4( 1 0 ) :247 ( 1 946) for revised nomencla­
ture, and Taxon 27( 4 ):375 ( 1 978) for
alternate nomenclature.
Pleuropogon refractus (Gray)
Benth .
" n o d d i n g semaph ore grass" Poaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
Del Norte, H u m boldt, Mendocino, Mari n ;
Oregon , Washi ngton, and elsewhere
Lower montane co niferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps, North Coast coniferous
forest, riparian scru b / mesic; elevation
0-1 600 meters.
Pere n n ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
May-August.
Poa abbreviata R. Br. ssp. marshii
Soreng
" M arsh's b l u e grass" Poaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1 -1
Mono; I d aho, Nevada
43 1 B
Al pine bou lder and rock fie l d ; elevation
3660 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne .
Known i n Ca l i forn i a from o n l y o n e
occurrence above Perry A i k e n Creek i n
the White Mtns. N o t i n The Jepson Manu­
al. See Phytologia 7 1 ( 5 ) : 390-4 1 3 ( 1 9 9 1 )
for original descri ption .
Poa abbreviata R. Br. ssp.
pattersonii (Vasey) A. Love, D. Love
& Kapoor
" Patterso n 's blue grass" Poaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Mono; I d aho, Nevada, and elsewhere
43 1 B
Alpine boulder and rock fi e l d ; elevation
3300-3660 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly.
Known in Cal i forn ia from o n ly o n e
occurrence above Perry Aiken Creek i n
the Wh ite Mtns. See P. pattersonii i n The
Jepson Manual. See Contributions from the
U.S. National Herbarium 1 : 2 75 ( 1 8 9 3 ) for
origi n a l descripti o n , Madrano 3 5 ( 2 ) : 1 65
( 1 988) fo r first Cal i forn i a record, and
Phytologia 7 1 ( 5 ) : 3 9 0-41 3 ( 1 99 1 ) fo r tax­
o n o m i c treatment.
253
Poa atropurpurea Scri b n .
"San Bernard i n o b l u e grass" Poaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Federal Endangered
San Bernardino, San Diego
1 9 B, 1 9C, 20D, 49D, 1 04B, 1 0SA, 1 0SB,
1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 D
Mead ows and seeps ( m esic); elevation
1 3 60-2455 meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
April-August.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences in the San Bernard i n o Mtns. (San
Bernard i n o Cou nty) and Lagu n a Mtns.
(San Diego County). Threatened by devel­
opment, grazing, and vehicles, and poten­
tially by hybridization with non-native P.
pratensis.
Poa fibrata
Considered but rejected : a hybrid, some­
times stabil ized, between P. pratensis and
P. secunda ssp. nevadensis
Poa lettermanii Vasey
" Letterman's b l u e grass" Poaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1-1
Fresno, I nyo, Mono, Tu lare; Idaho,
Nevada, Orego n , Utah, Washi ngton ,
Wyomi ng, a n d elsewhere
3 2 9 B , 3 94B, 394D, 432A
Alpine boulder and rock field (sandy or
rocky); elevation 3500-4265 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
See Contributions from the U.S. National
Herbarium 1 :273 ( 1 893) for origi n a l
descri ption, and Systematic Botany 1 6(3 ):
522-523 ( 1 99 1 ) for taxonomic treatment.
Poa napensis Beetle
" N apa b l u e grass" Poaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Napa
5 1 7D
Mead ows and seeps, valley and foot h i l l
grassland / alkal i ne, n e a r h o t springs;
elevati on 1 00-200 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
Known from only two occurrences in the
Cal i stoga area. Threatened by develop­
ment, recreational activities, and ai rport
mai ntenance. See Leaflets ofWestern Botany
4:289 ( 1 946) for original description.
Poa pattersonii
See Poa abbreviata ssp. pattersonii
254 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S

Poa piperi H itchc.
"Pi per's b l u e grass" Poaceae
List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -2
Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest / serpe ntin ite, rocky; elevation
1 00- 1 460 meters.
Pere n n ial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
April- May.
On watch l ist in Orego n . See Illustrated
Flora ofthe Pacific States 1 : 2 0 1
( 1 9 2 3 ) by L.
Abrams for original descri pti o n .
Poa rhizomata H itchc.
"ti m be r b l u e grass" Poaceae
List 4 I RED 1 -1 -1
Del Norte, Siskiyou, Tri n ity; Oregon
Lower montane con i ferous forest (often
serpentinite); elevation 1 50- 1 000 meters.
Perenn ial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
April-M ay.
On review l ist i n Orego n .
Poa sierrae
Considered but rejected: too co m mon
Poa tenerrima
Considered but rejected : too co mmon
Podistera nevadensis (Gray) Wats.
"Sierra podistera" Api aceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Alpine, El Dorado, Mono, Placer, San
Bernard i no*, Tuo l u m ne
Alpine boulder and rock fie l d ; e l evatio n
3000-4000 meters.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms J u ly-September.
Pogogyne abramsii j .T. Howe l l
Pogogyne clareana j .T. Howe l l
"Santa Lucia m i nt" Lamiaceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-3
State Endangered
Monterey
295B, 29 5C, 296A, 296B, 2 9 6 D
Chaparral, cismo ntane woodland, ripari­
an woodland / intermittent streams;
elevation 300-630 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Known from fewer than ten occu rrences
near Ft. H u nter Liggett. Possi bly th reat­
ened by road mai ntenance and m i l itary
activities. See Four Seasons 4(3 ) : 2 2 ( 1 973)
for original descri ption.
Pogogyne douglasii ssp. minor
Consi dered but rejected: a synonym of P
douglasii; a common taxon
Pogogyne douglasii ssp. parviflora
Consi dered but rejected: a synonym of P
douglasii; a common taxon
Pogogyne douglasii ssp. ramosa
Considered but rej ected : a synonym of P
douglasii; a co mmon taxon
Pogogyne floribunda j o kerst
" p rofuse-flowered pogogyne" La m i aceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Lassen , Modoc, Shasta, Siskiyou; Oregon
642 B , 643A, 643B, 660C, 6 6 1 C, 6 6 1 D,
6 6 2 B , 676D, 678B, 679D, 709B, 7 1 0A,
7 1 0B, 71 0D, 7 1 1 A, 7 1 1 B , 7 1 1 D, 726C,
7 2 6 D, 727C, 727D, 728C, 728D
Vernal pools; elevation 945- 1 745 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-August.
Known in Oregon from only one occu r­
rence. Endangered in Orego n . S i m i l a r to
Known from six occu rrences on Otay
Mesa. Highly threatened by urbanization,
agricultural conversion, grazing, vehicles,
non-native plants, and trash d u m pi ng.
I mmediate field su rveys, habitat acqu isi­
tion, and recovery essential to conti n ued
su rvival of this species. See Botany ofCalifor­
nia 1 : 597 ( 1 876) for original description.
Pogogyne serpylloides ssp.
intermedia
Considered but rejected: too common; a
synonym of P serpylloides
Pohlia tundrae Shaw
Bryaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
I nyo, Siskiyou, Tu lare
3 5 2 D, 3730, 70 1 C
Alpine boulder and rock field (gravelly,
damp so i l ) ; elevati on 2700-3000 meters.
Moss.
See The Bryologist 84( 1 ) : 65-74 ( 1 9 8 1 ) for
original descri pti o n .
Polemonium chartaceum Mason
" M ason's sky pi lot" Polemon iaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-2
Mono, Si skiyo u , Tri n ity; Nevada
43 1 B , 432A, 450D, 488A, 699C, 700C?
Al pine boulder and rock field , subalpine
coniferous forest / rocky, serpentin ite,
gran itic, or volcan ic; elevation 1 800-4200
m eters.
Peren nial h erb, bloom s J u n e-August.
Disj u nct occu rrences in Siskiyou and
Tri n ity counties may be taxonom ically
d i sti nct from transmontane plants; cur­
rently u nder study. On watch l ist in Neva­
da. Probably related to both P. eximium
and P. elegans. See Fremontia 2 2 ( 2 ) : 24-26

"San Di ego mesa m i nt" Lamiaceae P zizyphoroides. See Aliso 1 3 ( 2 ) :347-353 ( 1 993) and Madrofio 4 5 ( 3 ) : 200-209
( 1 992) for original descri ptio n . ( 1 998) for i n formation about ongoing
List 1 8 / RED 2-3-3 biosystematic study.
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered Pogogyne nudiuscula Gray
Poliomintha incana (Torr. ) Gray
San Diego "Otay M esa m i nt" Lam iaceae
List 18 / RED 3-3-2 " frosted m i nt" Lamiaceae
2 2A, 2 2 B , 22C, 2 2 D
List 1 A
Vernal pools; elevati on 90-200 meters. State Endangered/Federal
Endangered San Bernard i n o * ; Arizona, New Mexico,
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ly. Texas, Utah, and elsewhere
San Diego; Baja California*
Seriously threatened by vehicles, d u m ping, 1 3 1 0*
road mai ntenance, and urban ization of 1 0C, 1 1 B * , 1 1 D, 2 2 B * , 22C*
Lower montane co niferous forest
San Diego mesas. See Proceeding5 ofthe Cali­ Vernal pools; elevation 90-250 meters.
( mesic); elevati on 1 600- 1 700 meters.
fornia Academy ofSciences IV 20: 1 1 9- 1 20 Ann ual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
( 1 93 1 ) for original description . Shru b, blooms J u n e-J u ly.

Known in Cal ifornia from o n ly a single
h i storical collection (in 1 93 8 ) at Cushen­
b u ry Spri ngs. Possibly extirpated by m i n ­
i ng activities. S e e Botany ofthe U.S. and
Mexican Boundary Survey, 2 ( 1 ) : 1 3 0 ( 1 858)
by W. Emory for original description, and
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
and Sciences 7:247-296 ( 1 870) for taxo­
nomic treatm ent.
Polyctenium fremontii (Wats. )
Greene var. fremontii
"Fremont's c o m b l eaf" Brassicaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
Lassen , Mono, Modoc, P l u m as, Si erra,
Siskiyou; I d aho, Nevada, Oregon
Great Basin scrub, lower montane coni f­
erous forest, meadows and seeps, pi nyon
and j u n i per wood land, playas / mesic;
elevation 1 000-2060 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ly.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Arts and Sciences 1 1 : 1 23 ( 1 8 7 6 ) for origi­
nal descri pti o n , and Leaflets ofBotanical
Observation and Criticism 2 : 2 1 9 ( 1 9 1 2 ) for
revised nomenclature.
Polyctenium williamsiae Rol l i ns
"Wi l l iams's c o m b l eaf" Brassicaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-2
Lassen, Mono; Nevada, Oregon
469A, 486C, 487D, 62 1 A
Marshes and swamps ( a l kal i ) , playas,
vernal pools; el evation 1 3 5 0-2700
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-J u ly.
Known in California from only four occur­
rences. I nc l udes P. fremontii var. confertum.
Threatened by grazing. Seejournal ofthe
Arnold Arboretum 64:508 ( 1 9 83) for origi­
nal descri pti o n .
Polygala acanthoclada Gray
"thorny m i l kwort" Polygalaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1-1
Riverside, S a n Bernard ino; Arizona,
Nevada, Utah , and el sewhere
800, 1 3 1 A, 224C, 2 2 5 D, 227B, 227C
Chenopod scrub, Joshua tree "wood­
land", p i nyon and j u n i per woodland;
elevation 760-2285 meters.
Shrub, blooms May-August.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Arts and Sciences 1 1 : 73 ( 1 876) for origi nal
descri ption.
C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS
Polygala cornuta Kel l . var. fishiae
( Parry) J e ps.
" Fi s h 's m i l kwort" Polygalaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, Santa Bar­
bara, San Diego, Ventura; Baja California
Chaparral, cismontane wood land, ripari­
an woodland; elevation 1 00-1 1 00 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms May-August.
I ncludes P. cornuta var. pollardii.
Polygala cornuta var. pollardii
See Polygala cornuta var. fishiae
Polygala heterorhyncha ( Barneby)
T. Wendt
" n otch-beaked m i l kwort" Polygalaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1 - 1
I nyo; Nevada
346A, 346B, 367C
Mojavean desert scrub (alkal i ne);
elevation 900-1 600 meters.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms April-May.
Known in Cal i fornia from two occur­
rences in the Funeral Mtns. On watch l ist
in Nevada. See Leaflets of Western Botany
3 : 1 94 ( 1 943) for origi nal description, and
journal ofthe Arnold Arboretum 60 :504-5 1 4
( 1 979) for revised nomenclature.
Polygala intermontana T. Wendt
" i nterm ou n tain m i l kwort" Polygalaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1
Mono; Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and else­
where
450C
Pinyo n and j u n i per woodland; elevation
20 1 0-3080 meters.
Shrub, bloom s J u n e-J uly.
See journal ofthe Arnold Arboretum 60( 4 ):
505 ( 1 979) for original descripti o n .
Polygala subspinosa Wats.
"spi ny m i l kwort" Polygalaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Lassen ; Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico,
Utah, and el sewhere
620A, 620B, 620D, 62 1 A, 62 1 B, 638A,
638B, 638C, 638D, 639A, 639D
Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and j u n i per
woodland / gravelly; elevation 1 330- 1 705
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
Known i n California only from the Secret
Val ley area. See American Naturalist 7:299
( 1 873) for original descri pti o n .
255
Polygonum bidwelliae Wats.
" Bidwe l l ' s knotweed" Polygo naceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Butte, Shasta, Tehama
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, valley
and foothill grassland / volcanic; elevation
60-1 200 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ly.
See Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Arts and Sciences 1 4:294 ( 1 879) for origi­
nal descri ption.
Polygonum esotericum
See Polygonum polygaloides ssp. esotericum
Polygonum fusiforme
Co nsidered but rejected: a synonym of P.
persicaria; a common, non-native taxon
Polygonum hickmanii H . R. H i nds &
R. Morgan
"Scott's Valley polygo n u m " Polygonaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Federal-proposed, Endangered
Santa Cruz
407C, 408 D
Val ley and footh i l l grass land ( m u d stone
and sandstone); e l evation 2 1 0-2 5 0
meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-October.
Known from only two occurrences in
Scott's Val l ey. About 1 000 i n d ividuals as
of 1 9 9 3 . Threatened by development.
Not i n TheJepson Manual. See Novon 5( 4):
3 3 6 ( 1 995) for original descri pti o n .
Polygonum marinense Mertens &
Raven
" M arin knotweed" Polygonaceae
List 3 / RED 3-3-3
Mari n , Napa, Solano, Sonoma
467A, 483A, 484A, 485B, 485C, 485D,
5030
Marshes a n d swamps (coastal s a l t or
brackish); elevati on 0- 1 0 meters.
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-October.
Move to List 1 B? Known from fewer than
fifteen occurrences. Taxonomic status
uncerta i n , related to P. aviculare; possibly
syn onym of P. robertii, a non-native plant.
I m med iate taxonomic study needed .
Threatened by coastal development.
Polygonum montereyense
Considered but rejected: a syn onym of P.
arenastrum; a com mon, non-native taxon
256 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Polygonum patulum
Considered but rejected: n o t native
Polygonum polygaloides Meisn ssp.
esotericum (Wheeler) H ickman
" M odoc Cou nty knotweed" Polygonaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Modoc, Plumas, Sierra
5 7 1 B, 675D, 693B, 708A, 709B, 7 1 0C,
7 1 0D, 7 1 1 B, 7 1 1 C, 7 1 1 D, 726C
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­
erous forest, meadows and seeps, vernal
pools / mesic; elevati on 1 495- 1 690
meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms May-August.
Known from approximately fifteen occur­
rences. Possi bly threatened by grazing
and tram p l i ng. I ntermediates to ssp. con­
fertiflorum occur more broad ly on Modoc
Plateau, to Oregon. See Madrano 31 ( 4):
249-252 ( 1 984) for revised nomenclature.
Polygonum polygaloides ss p .
polygaloides
Co nsidered but rejected: a synonym of P
polygaloides ssp. confertiflorum; a common
taxon
Polypodium hesperium
Co nsidered but rejected: too common
Polystichum dudleyi
Considered but rejected: too common
Polystichum kruckebergii W.
Wagner
" Kruc keberg's sword fern" Dryopteridaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
Alpine, Butte, Plu mas, San Bernard i no,
Shasta, Sierra, Siskiyou, Tuo l u m ne; I d aho,
Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washi ngton, and
elsewhere
Subalpine coniferous forest, upper mon­
tane coniferous forest / rocky; elevati on
2 1 00-3 2 00 meters.
Pere n n ial herb ( rh izomatous), fertile
J u n e-August.
Sensitive i n I d aho, and on watch l ist i n
Orego n . See American Fernjournal 56:4
( 1 966) for original descripti o n , and Pteri­
dologia 1 : 1 -64 ( 1 979) for taxonomic
treatment.
Polystichum lonchitis (L.) Roth
" h o l l y fern" Dryopteridaceae
List 3 / RED ?-?-1
Alpine, El Dorado, Glenn, P l u m as, Siski­
you, Tri n ity?; Arizona, Idaho, Nevada,
Oregon, Utah, Wash i ngto n , and else­
where
506B, 523A, 572B, 5 8 1 A, 697B, 702B,
7 1 9C, 7 1 9 D, 735B, 736B, 737A
Subalpine con i ferous forest, upper mon­
tane con i ferous forest / granitic or car­
bonate; elevation 1 800-2600 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), fertile
J u ne-Septem ber.
Move to List 2? Locati o n , rarity, and
endangerment i nformation need ed .
Does plant occur in Tri n ity Cou nty?
Populus angustifolia james
" narrow-leaved cotto nwood" S a l icaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
I nyo, San Bernard i n o ; Arizona, Idaho,
Nevada, Oregon, and elsewhere
1 0 5A, 1 0 6C, 1 06 D, 346B, 3 5 1 C, 3 73A,
41 2A
Riparian scrub; el evation 1 2 00- 1 80 0
meters.
Tree (dec i d u ous), blooms March-Ap ri l .
On watch list i n Oregon.
Portulaca halimoides L.
" d esert portulaca" Portul acaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
Riverside, San Bernard ino; Arizona, Baja
California, and el sewhere
Joshua tree "wood land"( sandy);
elevation 1 00 0- 1 200 meters.
Annual herb, blooms September.
Can be common following summer rains.
See Madrano 36( 4 ) : 2 8 1 -282 ( 1 989) for
revised nomenclature.
Portulaca mundula
See Portulaca halimoides
Potamogeton epihydrus Raf. ssp.
nuttallii (Cham . & Sc h l d l . ) Calder &
R. Taylor
" N utta l l 's pon dweed" Potamogetonaceae
List 2 I RED 2-2-1
El Dorado, Mendoci no, Modoc, Mari­
posa, Plumas; Orego n, Washi ngto n , and
elsewhere
437A, 43 7B, 523C, 5 67A, 584A, 598C,
5 9 9 D, 603D, 692A, 708C, 7 1 0A
Marshes and swamps (assorted shal low
freshwater); elevati on 400- 1 900 meters.
Perennial herb (rhizomatous, aguatic),
blooms J u ly-August.
Hybridizes with P nodosus.
Potamogeton filiformis Pers.
"slen der- leaved p o n dweed "
Potamogetonaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Contra Costa, Lassen , Merced, Mono,
Santa Clara*, Sierra; Arizona, Nevada,
Orego n , Washi ngton , and elsewhere
403 B, 428A* , 428B*, 453D, 465C,
5 72C, 640C
Marshes and swamps (assorted shallow
freshwater); elevation 300-2 1 5 0 meters.
Perennial herb (rh izomatous, aquatic),
blooms May-J u ly.
To be expected i n the San Joaq u i n Val ley,
San Francisco Bay area, and the central
h igh Sierra Nevada; need i nformation.
O n review l ist in Orego n .
Potamogeton foliosus Raf. var.
fibrillosus ( Fern . ) R. H aynes & Rev.
"fibrous pondweed " Potamogetonaceae
List 2 I RED 3-1-1
Del Norte; Idaho, Nevada, Orego n * ,
Utah, Wash i ngton , and e lsewhere
723B, 740C
Marshes and swamps (assorted shallow
freshwater); el evation 5- 1 300 meters.
Perenn ial herb (rh izomato us, aquatic),
blooming period u n kown.
Known in Californ ia from only one occur­
rence from Crescent City. To be expected
in Great Basin areas of California; need
informatio n . End angered in Orego n .
See Memoirs ofthe American Academy ofArts
and Sciences 1 7( 1 ) : 5 1 ( 1 932) for original
descri ption, and Rhodora 75:76 ( 1 973) for
revised nomenclature and 76:564-649
( 1 974) for taxonomic treatment.
Potamogeton praelongus Wu lfen
"wh ite-ste m med pondweed"
Potamogetonaceae
List 2 I RED 3-1-1
Lassen, Plumas, Shasta, Sierra; Idaho,
Oregon, Utah, Wash i ngton, and elsewhere
555B, 625A, 644D
Marshes and swamps (deep water,
lakes); elevation 1 800-3000 meters.
Perenn ial herb (rh izomatous, aquatic),
blooms J u ly-August.
Known in California from approximately
five occurrences. Need q u ad s for Lassen
Cou nty. Hybrid izes with P. richardsonii.

Potamogeton robbinsii Oakes
" Robbins's pondweed" Potamogetonaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1
Alpine, I nyo, Lassen, Madera, Nevada,
Sierra, Siskiyou, Tuo l u m n e ; I d aho, Ore­
gon, Utah, Washi ngton , and elsewhere
393A, 394A, 435A, 43 5D, 456A, 555A,
703A, 7 1 9C, 720D
Marshes and swamps (deep water,
lakes); elevation 1 585-3 300 meters.
Pere n n i a l herb ( rh izomatous, aquatic),
blooms J u ly-August.
Need q uads for Lassen Co u nty.
Potamogeton zosteriformis Fern .
"eel-grass pondweed" Pota m ogeto naceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Contra Costa, Lake, Lassen, Modoc,
Shasta; Idaho, Orego n , Utah, Washi ng­
to n , and elsewhere
480C, 480D, 533B, 620C, 662A, 674A,
692A, 6 9 2 D, 693A, 693B
Marshes and swamps (assorted freshwa­
ter); elevation 0-1 860 meters.
Annual herb (aquatic), blooms J u n e-J u ly.
To be expected i n the Central Val ley; need
i nformation.
Potentilla basaltica Tie h m & B.
Ertter
" B lack Rock potentilla" Rosaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-2
Lassen ; Nevada
675C
Meadows and seeps ( a l ka l i n e , sandy, vol­
can ic); elevation 1 3 60-1 5 5 5 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Known i n Cal i forn ia from only one small
occurrence i n Ash Valley, and i n Nevada
from one occurrence, where th reatened .
Not in TheJepson Manual. See Brittonia
3 6 ( 3 ) : 228-23 1 ( 1 984) for original
descri pti o n .
Potentilla concinna Richards.
" a l p i n e c i n q u efoii" Rosaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1 -1
Mono; Nevada, and el sewhere
43 1 C
Alpine boulder and rock fi eld , mead ows
and seeps ( rocky); elevation 3 1 70 meters.
Peren n i al herb, blooms J u ne-J u ly.
Known i n California from only one occur­
rence n ea r Tres Plu mas Meadow in the
White Mtns. See Madrofio 3 5 ( 2 ) : 1 65
( 1 988) for this record .
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Potentilla concinna var. divisa
See Potentilla concinna
Potentilla cristae Ferlatte & Strother
"crested pote n t i l la" Rosaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1 -3
Siskiyou, Tri n ity
682B, 699C, 699D, 700D, 7 1 9C, 7 1 9D,
738D
Alpine bou lder and rock fi eld , subal pine
coniferous fo rest / seasonally mesic,
often serpentinite seeps, gravelly or
rocky; elevation 1 800-2800 meters.
Pere n n i al herb, blooms August­
September.
Known from fewer than 1 0 occurrences.
See Madroiio 37(3): 1 90-1 94 ( 1 990) for
original description.
Potentilla glandulosa Li n d i . ssp.
ewanii Keck
" Ewan's c i n q u e fo i l " Rosaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
Los Angeles
1 3 5D, 1 60 B
Lower montane co n i ferous forest ( near
seeps and springs); elevation 1 900-2400
meters.
Perennial he rb, bloom s J u ne-J u ly.
Known only from fo u r occu rrences in the
Dawson Sadd le area of the San Gabriel
Mtns. See Carnegie Institution of Washington
Publication 5 2 0:47 ( 1 940) for original
descri pti o n .
Potentilla gracilis Hook. var.
pulcherrima ( Le h m . ) Fern .
"white-leaved c i n q u e fo i l " Rosaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2- 1
Mono; I d aho, Nevada, New Mexico,
Utah, and elsewhere
41 2B
Great Basin scrub; elevation 3 0 1 0 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly.
Known in Cal i fornia from only one occur­
rence at Crooked Creek. Possi bly th reat­
ened by erosion. Not in TheJepson Manual.
See Rhodora 42: 2 1 3 ( 1 940) for revised
nomen clature.
Potentilla hickmanii Eastw.
" H ickman's c i n q uefo i l " Rosaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
En d angered
Mo nterey, San Mateo, Sonoma*
366C, 448C, 502D*
257
Coastal b l u ff scrub, closed-cone con ifer­
ous forest, m eadows and seeps (vernally
mesic), marshes and swamps ( freshwa­
ter); elevation 1 0- 1 3 5 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-August.
Known from only two occurrences o n the
Monterey Pen i nsula and north of Moss
Beach. Seriously threatened by urban iza­
tion, recreational activities, non-native
grasses, grazing, and the proposed Devi l's
Slide Bypass highway project. See Bulletin
ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 29 : 77-78 ( 1 902)
for origi nal descri ption, and Fremontia
2 1 ( 1 ) : 2 5-29 ( 1 993) and 24( 1 ) 3- 1 1
( 1 996) for species accounts.
Potentilla hickmanii var. uliginosa
Considered but rejected : not published
Potentilla morefieldii B. Ertter
" M orefi e l d 's c i n q uefo i l " Rosaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1-3
Mono
43 1 B , 43 1 C, 432A, 450D
Alpine boulder and rock fi eld (carbon­
ate); elevation 3 2 6 5-4000 meters.
Pere n n i a l herb, blooms J u ly-August.
See Brittonia 44(4) :429-43 5 ( 1 992) for
original descri ption.
Potentilla multijuga Leh m .
" Bal l o n a c i n q uefo i l " Rosaceae
List 1A
Los Angeles*
90B*
Meadows and seeps ( brackis h ) ; elevati on
0-2 meters.
Perennial herb, bloom s J u ne-August.
Known o n ly from one occurrence near
Ballona; last seen i n 1 890. Extirpated by
development. Recent su rveys have failed
to relocate plant. Confusion exists about
proper nomenclature. See Fremontia 21 (1 ) :
25-29 ( 1 993) for species account.
Potentilla newberryi Gray
"N ewberry's c i n q u e fo i l " Rosaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1
Lassen, Mono?, Modoc, Siskiyou; Neva­
da, Orego n , Wash i ngton
643A, 7 1 2A, 71 5A, 7 1 5 B , 7 1 5 D, 726C,
728A, 728C, 729A, 730C, 730D, 73 1 C
Marshes and swamps (drying margi ns),
vernal pools; elevation 1 3 00-2200 meters.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms May-August.
Does plant occur in Mono Cou nty? See
Report ofthe Pacific Railroad Expedition 6(3 ) :
72 ( 1 8 5 7 ) for original description as
lvesia gracilis.
258 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S

Potentilla patellifera Cismontane wood land, valley and Cismontane woodland, valley and footh i l l
foot h i l l grassland / clay; elevation grassland / adobe clay; elevation 90-800
See lvesia patellifera
1 5- 1 5 0 meters. meters.

Ann ual herb, blooms March-Apri l . An n u al herb, blooms March-Apri l .

Potentilla rimicola ( M u nz &Jtn . ) B.
Ertter
" c l i ff ci n q uefo i l " Rosaceae
List 2 / RED 3 - 1 - 1
Riverside; Baja California
83C
Subalpine coniferous forest, upper mon­
tane con iferous forest / granitic, rocky;
elevation 2400-2800 meters.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms J u ly-September.
Known in California o n ly from five occur­
rences in the San Jacinto Mtns. See Bul­
letin ofthe Southern California Academy of
Sciences 24: 1 8 ( 1 9 2 5 ) for original descrip­
tion, and Phytologia 71 ( 5):420-422
( 1 99 1 ) for revised nomenclature.
Potentilla tularensis
See Horkelia tularensis
Proboscidea althaeifolia ( Be nth . )
Dene.
" d esert u n icorn-plant" M a rtyniaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
I m perial, Riverside, San Di ego; Arizona,
Baja Cal i forn ia, New Mexico, Sonora
( M exico)
Sonoran desert scrub (sandy); elevation
1 5 0- 1 000 meters.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms May-August.
Pru nus fasciculata (Torr. ) Gray var.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­ More than h a l fo f known occurrences are
rences; many occu rrences are very smal l . very smal l . Seriously threatened by agri­
Seriously threatened b y development, cu lture, grazing, developm ent, road con­
agriculture, overgrazing, and trampl ing. struction and mai ntenance, and flood
control activities. See Aliso 2 : 84 ( 1 949)
for original descri ption.
Psilocarphus brevissimus N utt. var.
multiflorus Cronq.
1:�
:-
-�:-·,���- �
. . �­ " d e lta woolly-marbles" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Alameda, Napa, Santa Clara, San
Joaq u i n , Solano, Stanislaus, Yo lo
Vernal pools; elevation 1 0-500 meters.
An nual herb, blooms May-J u ne.
Does plant occur i n Contra Costa, Sacra­
mento, or other counties? Sim ilar to P.
elatior. See Research Studies ofthe State Col­
lege of Washington 1 8 :80 ( 1 950) for origi­
nal descri ptio n .
Psilocarphus elatior (Gray) Gray
"tall woolly-marbles" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 - 1
Lassen , Modoc; Orego n, and elsewhere
Meadows and seeps, valley and footh i l l
grassland, vernal pools / vernally mesic;
elevation 9 1 5- 1 6 1 0 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-August.
Probably more widespread in northern
California; need i nformati o n . Possi bly a
variant of P. brevissimus var. brevissimus. See

punctata J e ps. Pseudobahia Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts

bahiifolia and Sciences 8 : 6 5 2 ( 1 873 ) for origi nal
"sand almond" Rosaceae descri ptio n .
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo Psilocarphus tenellus var.
Chaparral ( m ariti me), cismontane wood­ globiferus
land, coastal d u nes, coastal scru b /
Considered but rejected : too co mmon
sandy; elevation 1 5-200 meters.
Shrub (decid u ous), blooms March-Apri l .
Psoralea rigida
See Rupertia rigida
Prunus lyonii
Considered but rejected : too com m o n
Psoralidium lanceolatum ( Pu rsh )
Ryd b.
Pseudobahia bahiifolia ( Be nth . )
Ryd b. Pseudobahia peirsonii M u nz " l a n ce- leaved scu rf-pea" Fabaceae

"San J oaq u i n adobe s u n b u rst" Asteraceae List 2 / RED 3-1-1

" H artweg's gol d e n s u n b u rst" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-3-3 Lassen; Arizona, Idaho, Nevada, New
List 1 8 / RED 2-3-3 Mexico, Orego n, Texas, Uta h , Wash i ng­
State Endangered/Federal
State Endangered/Federal ton, Wyo m i ng, and elsewhere
Threatened
Endangered 602A, 602B, 6 0 2 D ? , 620C?
Fresno, Kern, Tu lare
Fresno, Madera, Merced, Stanislaus, Sut­
Great Basin scrub (sandy); el evation
ter*, Yu ba* 239A, 262A* , 2 6 2 B , 2 6 2 D, 286B, 286C,
1 2 20-2500 meters.
286D, 287A*, 287D, 309C, 3 1 0A*,
378B, 398C, 440B, 440C, 440D, 44 1 A,
3 1 0D, 3 1 l A* , 333A, 333C*, 3 3 3 D * , Pere n n ial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
459C*, 544A*
355C, 356A, 3 5 6 B , 356C*, 3 5 6D, 378D Apri l -August.

Known in California from fewer than ten
occurrences from south of Honey Lake.
See North American Flora 24( 1 ) : 1 3 ( 1 9 1 9 )
for revised nomenclature, and Memoirs of
the New York Botanical Garden61 :33-36
( 1 990) for taxonomic treatment.
Psorothamnus arborescens (Gray)
Barne by var. arborescens
" M oj ave i nd igo- bush" Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
Kern, San Bernard i no; Sonora ( M exico)
Mojavean desert scrub, riparian scrub;
e levation 400- 1 1 85 meters.
S h rub (deciduous), blooms Apri l-May.
Potentially threatened by proposed expan­
sion of Ft. I rwi n (DOD). See Memoirs ofthe
New York Botanical Garden 2 7 : 1 82 ( 1 977)
for taxonomic treatment.
Psorothamnus arborescens var.
simplicifolius
Considered but rejected: too co m m on
Psorothamnus fremontii (Gray)
Barne by var. attenuatus Barneby
" narrow-leaved psoroth a m n us" Fabaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1
San Bernard i n o; Arizona, Nevada
1 2 1 c, 1 2 1 0
Sonoran desert scrub (granitic or vol­
canic); el evation 3 6 5-900 meters.
Shru b, blooms Apri l .
Known i n Californ ia o n l y from the
Wh ipple Mtns. See Memoirs ofthe New
York Botanical Garden 2 7:41 ( 1 9 7 7 ) for
origi nal descripti o n .
Pterygoneurum californicum Cru m
Pottiaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Kern ( * ? )
240C( * ? )
Playas, valley a n d footh i l l grass land /
alka l i , so i l ; elevation 1 0- 1 00 meters.
Moss (ephemeral ) .
Habitat i n southern San Joaq u i n greatly
altered by u rban ization and agricu l u re.
Type location most l i kely extirpated .
Habitat sti l l exists, especially in estab­
l i shed alkali scrub preserves; needs sur­
veys. See Madrano 1 9(3 ) : 9 2 ( 1 9 67) for
original descri ption.
Puccinellia californica
Considered but rejected: a synonym of
Torreyochloa pa/Iida var. pauciffora; a com­
mon taxon
C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Puccinellia howellii Davis
" H owel l 's a l ka l i grass" Poaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Shasta
648B
Meadows and seeps ( m i n eralized);
elevation 490 meters.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms April-J u n e.
Known from only one occu rrence near
Whiskeytown . Threatened by highway
ru noff poll ution, competition with Dis­
tichlis spicata, and d i sturbance from the
real ignment of H ighway 299. See Madrano
37( 1 ) : 5 5-5 8 ( 1 990) for original descrip­
tion and 40( 4):202-208 ( 1 993) for con­
fi rmation of species val i d ity.
Puccinellia lemmonii
Consid ered b u t rejected : too common
Puccinellia parishii H itchc.
" Parish's a l ka l i grass" Poaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2
San Bernard i n o ; Arizo na, New Mexico,
and el sewhere
1318
Meadows and seeps ( a l kal i n e spri ngs and
seeps); elevation 700- 1 000 meters.
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-May.
Known in Cal i fornia o n ly from Rabbit
Springs, where confirmed in 1 9 92.
Occurrence from Edwards AFB, Kern
Co unty ( 1 86 D ) is m i si dentified P. s i m ­
plex. State-l i sted a s Endangered i n New
Mexico. Threatened by groundwater
p u m p ing, flood contro l , and tram p l i ng.
See Proceedings ofthe Biological Society of
Washington 41 : 1 5 7 ( 1 9 2 8 ) for origi nal
descri pti o n .
Puccinellia pumila (Vasey) H itchc.
"dwarf alkali grass" Poaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Hu mboldt, Mendocino; Orego n , Wash­
i ngton , and e lsewhere
569A, 655A
Marshes a n d swamps (coastal salt);
elevation 1 - 1 0 meters.
Perenn ial herb, bloo m s J u ly.
Known in Cal i fornia from only three
occurrences. Need current i nformation
on d i stribution and endangerment. On
review list i n Orego n .
Purpusia saxosa
See lvesia arizonica var. arizonica
Pyrola asarifolia ssp. bracteata
Considered but rejected: too common
259
Pyrola chlorantha Sw.
"green-flowered wintergree n " Ericaceae
List 1 A
Sierra*; Nevada, Orego n , Wash ington ,
and elsewhere
573 D *
Lower montane coniferous forest;
elevati on 900 meters.
Shru b ( evergreen ), blooms J u n e-J u ly.
Known in California only from one his­
torical collection near Downievi l l e .
Pyrrocoma lucida ( Keck) Kartesz &
Gand h i
"sticky pyrrocoma" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
Plu mas, Sierra, Yuba
558A, 5 7 1 A, 571 B, 5 7 1 C, 5 7 1 D, 5 72A,
586B, 587A, 587B, 587C, 587D, 588A,
588C, 588D, 589B, 602C, 603D
Great Bas i n scrub, lower montane conif­
erous forest, meadows and seeps / alka­
l i n e clay; elevation 700- 1 880 meters.
Pere n n i a l herb, blooms J u ly-October.
See Phytologia 71 ( 1 ) : 5 8-6 5 ( 1 9 9 1 ) for
revised nomenclature.
Pyrrocoma racemosa ( N utt.) T. & G
var. congesta (Greene) G . Brown &
Kei l
" Del N o rte pyrroco ma" Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1
Del Norte; Oregon
739A, 739B, 739C, 740A, 740D
Chaparral, lower montane co niferous
forest / serpentinite; elevation 200- 1 000
meters.
Pere n n i a l herb, blooms August­
September.
See Pittonia 3 : 23 ( 1 898) for original
descri pti o n , and Phytologia 73( 1 ) : 57-58
( 1 9 9 2 ) for revised nomenclature.
Pyrrocoma racemosa ( N utt.) T. & G
var. pinetorum ( Keck) j . Kartesz & K.
Gan d h i
" p i n e pyrrocoma" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Siskiyo u , Tri n ity
Lower mo ntane con i ferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps, u pper montane conifer­
ous forest; elevation 600- 1 700 meters.
Peren nial herb, blooms J u ly-September.
Threatened by logging. See Madrano 5 ( 5 ) :
1 66 ( 1 940) for origi nal description, and
Phytologia 71 ( 1 ):61 ( 1 9 9 1 ) for revised
n o m enclature.
260 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Pyrrocoma uniflora ( Hook.) Greene
var. gossypina (Greene) Kartesz &
Gand h i
" Bear Val l ey pyrroco ma" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3
San Bernard i n o
1 0 5A, 1 05 B , 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 D
Meadows and seeps, pebble ( pavement)
plai n ; elevation 1 600-2300 meters.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms J u l y-September.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Threatened by grazing, develop­
ment, and vehicles. See Pittonia 3 : 2 3
( 1 898) for original description, and Phy­
tologia 7 1 ( 1 ) : 58-65 ( 1 99 1 ) for revised
nomenclature.
Quercus agrifolia var. oxyadenia
Considered but rejected: too common
Quercus cedrosensis C. H . M u ller
"Cedros Island oak" Fagaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
San Diego; Baja California
9C, 1 0 D
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparra l ,
coastal scrub; e l evati on 2 55-3 3 5 meters.
Tree ( evergreen ), blooms Apri l-May.
Known in California from only three
occu rrences near Otay Mtn. Possibly
threatened by road construction and
Border Patrol activities. Not i n TheJepson
Manual. See Madrofio 1 6( 6 ) : 1 88 ( 1 962)
for original description.
Quercus dumosa N utt.
" N utta l l ' s scru b oak" Fagaceae
List 18 / RED 2-3-2
Orange, Santa Barbara, San Diego; Baja
Cal ifornia
1 0C, 1 1 B, 1 1 D, 2 2A, 2 2 B, 22C, 2 2 D,
35C, 36A, 36D, 5 2 B , 70C, 70D?, 7 1 D,
1 42A, 1 42 B
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
coastal scru b / sandy, clay loam; el evation
1 5-400 meters.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms February-Apri l .
Threatened b y development. Widespread
scrub oak from much of cismontane Cali­
forn i a, previously cal led Q. dumosa, is
now Q. berberidifolia.
Quercus dumosa var. kinselae
Considered but rejected: taxonomic
problem
Quercus durata jeps. var.
gabrielensis K. N ixon & C . H . M u l ler
"San Gabriel oak" Fagaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Los Angeles
Chaparral, cismo ntane woodland;
e levation 450- 1 000 meters.
Shrub ( evergreen ), blooms April- May.
Known from the San Gabriel Mtns.
Threatened by u rbanization. See Navan
4(4): 3 9 2 ( 1 994) for original descriptio n .
Quercus engelmannii Greene
" En ge l m a n n oak" Fagaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, Santa
Catalina Island, San Diego; Baja
California
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, ri pari ­
an wood land, valley and footh i l l grass­
land; elevation 1 2 0- 1 300 meters.
Tree (deciduous), blooms March-May.
Only one tree remaining on Santa Catali­
na Island. Threatened by development
and grazing. Protected in part at the
Santa Rosa Plateau Preserve (TNC),
Riverside Cou nty. See Fremontia 1 8 (3 ) :
26-35 ( 1 990) for species account and
ecological d i scussio n .
Quercus lobata
Consid ered but rejected : too common
Quercus macdonaldii
Considered but rejected : a hybrid between
Q. berberidifolia and Q. lobata
Quercus pacifica K. N ixon & C. H .
M u l ler
" island scru b oak" Fagaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Santa Catal i n a Island, Santa Cruz Island,
Santa Rosa Island
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
cismontane woodland; elevation 0-300
meters.
Shrub (evergreen ), blooms March-Apri l .
Threate ned by feral herbivores. Not i n
TheJepson Manual. See Navan 4 (4) : 3 9 1
( 1 994) for original descri pti o n .
Quercus palmeri
Considered but rejected: too co m mon
Quercus parvula Greene var.
parvula
"Santa Cruz Island oak" Fagaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz Island
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
cismontane woodland; el evation 30-9 1 5
meters.
Shrub ( evergreen ) , blooms March-J u n e .
Threatened b y feral a n i m als on Santa
Cruz Island. See Pittonia 1 :40 ( 1 887) for
original descri ptio n .
Quercus parvula var. shrevei
Considered but rejected: too common
Quercus parvula Greene var.
tamalpaisensis S . K. Langer
"Ta m a l pais oak" Fagaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
Mari n
467A, 467B
Lower montane coniferous forest;
elevation 1 00-750 meters.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms March-Apri l .
Known o n l y from M t . Tam a l pais. May
hybridize with Q. wislizenii var. frutescens.
Not in TheJepson Manual. See Four Sea­
sons 9 ( 3 ) : 2 1 -30 ( 1 9 9 3 ) for original
descri ption.
Quercus tomentella Enge l m .
" island oak" Fagaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
Anacapa Island, San Clemente Island,
Santa Catal i n a Island, Santa Cruz Island,
Santa Rosa Island; Guad a l u pe Island
( Mexico)
Closed-cone con iferous forest, chaparral,
cismontane wood land, riparian wood­
lan d ; elevation 1 5-730 meters.
Tree (evergreen ), blooms March-J u ly.
Threatened by tra m p l i ng, erosi o n , graz­
i ng, feral herbivores, and i ntrogress i o n .
Hybrid izes with Q. chrysolepis except o n
Santa Rosa and Guadal u pe islands.
Po pu lations o n Guadal u p e I s l and have
decl i n e d d ra m atical ly in recent years.
See Transactions ofthe Academy ofScience
ofSt. Louis 3 : 393 ( 1 8 77) for original
descri pti o n .
Quercus turbinella Greene
"shrub l ive oak" Fagaceae
List 4 I RED 1 -1 - 1
San Bernard i n o ; Arizona, Baja Californ ia,
Nevad a, New Mexico, Sonora ( Mexico),
Texas, Utah, and el sewhere

Chaparral, cismo ntane woodland, lower
montane coniferous forest, p i nyon and
j u n iper woodland; elevation 1 20 0-2000
meters.
Shrub ( evergreen), blooms Apri l-J u ne.
Known i n California o n ly from the New
York Mtns. A synonym of Q. john-tuckeri in
TheJepson Manual. See Illustrations ofWest­
ern American Oaks p. 37 ( 1 889) by E . L.
Greene for original descri pti o n .
Raillardella muirii
See Raillardiopsis muirii
Raillardella pringlei Green e
"showy rai l lard e l l a " Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Siskiyou, Tri n ity
667A, 667B, 682B, 683A, 683B, 684A,
684C, 684D, 699C, 700A, 700D, 736A
Bogs and fens, meadows and seeps,
upper montane con iferous forest / mesic,
serpentinite; elevation 1 2 00-2290 meters.
Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
J u ly-September.
Known from approximately twenty occur­
rences. Threatened by grazing. See Bulletin
ofthe Torrey Botanical C/ub 9 : 1 7 ( 1 882) for
original d escri ption, and Madrono 25(3):
1 38 ( 1 978) for d i stributional information.
Raillardiopsis muirii
See Carlquistia muirii
Raillardiopsis scabrida
See Anisocarpus scabridus
Ranunculus alveolatus
Considered but rejected: a synonym of R.
bonariensis var. trisepalus; a co mmon taxon
Ranunculus bonariensis var.
trisepalus
Considered but rejected: too common
Ranunculus hydrocharoides Gray
"frog's-bit butterc u p " Ran u ncu laceae
List 2 / RED 3-3- 1
I nyo, Mono; Arizona, Baja California, New
Mexico, Sonora ( Mexico), and elsewhere
3 7 3 D * , 394A?, 41 3C, 470C
Marshes and swamps ( freshwater);
el evation 1 1 00-2700 meters.
Perennial herb (aquatic), blooms
J u ne-September.
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Known i n California o n l y from two occur­
rences. Threatened by hydrological alter­
ations. See Memoirs ofthe American
Academy ofArts and Sciences I I 5:306
( 1 85 5 ) for original descri ptio n , and
Madrano 42( 4 ) : 5 1 5-5 1 6 ( 1 9 9 5 ) for
occurrence i nformatio n .
Ranunculus lobbii Gray
"Lobb's aquatic buttercup" Ran u ncu laceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Alameda, Contra Costa, Mendocino,
Mari n , Napa, Santa Clara, Solano, Sono­
ma; Orego n , and elsewhere
Cismontane wood land, North Coast
coniferous forest, valley and foothi l l
grassland, vernal pools / mesic; elevation
1 5-470 meters.
An nual herb (aq uatic), blooms
February-M ay.
Threate ned by urbanization a n d
agricu lture .
Ranunculus macounii Britton
" Maco u n ' s buttercup" Ran u n c u laceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Modoc; Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico,
Oregon , Utah , Was h i ngton , Wyomi ng,
and el sewhere
677A
Great Basin scrub, meadows and seeps,
pinyon and j u n iper woodland / mesic;
elevation 1 400- 1 800 meters.
Perennial herb, bloo m s J u ne-J u ly.
Known in Cal iforn ia o n ly from the Goose
Lake area. Probably th reate ned by graz­
i ng and hydrological alterati o n . See Trans­
actions ofthe New York Academy ofSciences
1 2 :3 ( 1 892) for original descriptio n .
Rhamnus pilosa
Co nsidered but rejected: too common
Rhamnus pirifolia Green e
" i s l a n d red berry" Rhamnaceae
List 4 I RED 1 -2-2
San Clemente Island, Santa Catal i n a
Island, Santa Cruz I s l a n d , S a n M iguel
Islan d * , Santa Rosa Island, Guadal u pe
Island ( M exico)
Closed-cone con iferous forest, chaparral,
cismontane woodland, coastal scrub;
elevation 20-430 meters.
Tree ( evergreen), blooms February-J u ly.
See Pittonia 3 : 1 5 ( 1 896) for original
descri pti o n .
261
Rhamnus rubra ss p . rubra
Considered but rejected: a synonym of R.
rubra; a co mmon taxon
Rhus trilobata T. & G var.
simplicifolia (Greene) Barkley
"si ngle-l eaved sku n kbrush" Anacardiaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
S a n Diego; Arizona, Baja California, a n d
elsewhere
3 1 C, 32D
Pi nyon and j u ni per woodland; elevation
1 2 20-1 3 70 meters.
Shru b (deciduous), bl ooms March-Apri l .
Known i n California from only th ree
occurrences i n the Pinyon and Val lecito
m o u ntains. Not i n TheJepson Manual. See
Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical Garden
24:41 0-4 1 1 ( 1 9 3 7) for revised nomen­
clature, and Madrono 34( 2 ) : 1 7 1 ( 1 987)
for fi rst California records.
Rhynchospora alba (L.) Vah l
"white beaked-rush" Cyperaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Del Norte?, I nyo?, Lassen, Mendoci no,
Mariposa?, Nevada?, Pl u m as, Sonoma,
Tri nity; I daho, Oregon , Was h i ngton, and
el sewhere
502A, 5 6 8C, 569A, 5 6 9 D, 585D, 589B,
605C, 625A, 625B, 632C
Bogs and fens, meadows and seeps,
marshes and swamps ( freshwater);
elevation 60-2040 meters.
Pere n n ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
J u l y-August.
Does plant occur in Del Norte, I nyo,
Mariposa, or Nevada counties? Threat­
ened by grazing, tram p l i ng, and hydro­
logical alterations. Endangered in I d aho,
and on review list in Orego n .
Rhynchospora californica Gale
"Ca l i fo r n i a beaked -rush" Cyperaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Butte, Mari posa, Mari n , Sonoma
457D, 485C, 502A, 502D, 592C, 5 9 3 D
Bogs and fe ns, lower montane co n i ferous
forest, meadows and seeps (seeps),
marshes and swamps ( freshwater);
elevati on 45- 1 0 1 0 meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
M ay-J u ly.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
Threatened by marsh habitat loss. See
Rhodora 4 6 : 2 72-273 ( 1 944) for origi nal
descri ption , and Madrano 3 3 ( 2 ) : 1 5 0
( 1 986) for i n fo rmation on Butte County
col lecti o n .
262 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Rhynchospora capitellata ( M ichx.)
Vah l
" b rown ish beaked -rush" Cyperaceae
List 2 I RED 2-2-1
Butte, Mariposa, Nevada, Plumas, Shas­
ta, Sonoma( * ? ) , Tehama, Tri nity; Ore­
gon, Texas, and elsewhere
457D, 502A( * ? ) , 541 B, 5 57B, 5 5 7C,
5 5 8 D, 575A, 5 9 1 B, 5 9 1 C, 59 2C, 605C,
666B, 666D
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps, marshes and swamps,
u pper montane coniferous forest / mesic;
e levation 455-2000 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u l y-August.
Need q uads forTehama County. Possibly
th reatened by grazing and development.
See Rhodora 46: 1 1 5-1 21 ( 1 944) for taxo­
nomic treatm ent.
Rhynchospora globularis ( Chap m . )
Small var. globularis
"rou nd- headed beaked-rush" Cyperaceae
List 2 / RED 3-3-1
Sonoma; and el sewhere
502A, 502D
Marshes and swamps ( freshwate r);
el evation 45-60 meters.
Perenn ial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
J u ly-August.
Seriously threatened by marsh habitat loss.
Rhynchospora glomerata var.
capitellata
Considered but rejected: a synonym of R.
capitellata; a common taxon
Rhynchospora glomerata var.
mm or
Considered but rejected: a synonym of R.
capitellata; a common taxon
Ribes amarum McClat. var.
hoffmannii M u nz
" bitter gooseberry" Gross u l ariaceae
List 3 / RED ?-?-3
Santa Barbara
1 42B, 1 69 D
Chaparral; elevation 1 50- 1 1 9 0 meters.
S h ru b (deciduous), blooms March-Apri l .
Move to List 1 B? Location, rarity, and
endangerment i nformation needed . See
R. amarum in TheJepson Manual.
Ribes californicum var. hesperium
Considered but rejected: too co mmon
Ribes canthariforme Wiggi ns
" M oreno cu rrant" Gross u l ariaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
San Diego
9A, 9B, 1 0A, 20D, 2 1 A, 2 1 D
Chaparral; elevation 340- 1 200 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms February­
Apri l .
Known from fewer than fifteen occur­
rences. See Contrib utions from the Dudley
Herbarium 1 : 1 0 1 ( 1 929) for original
descripti o n .
Ribes divaricatum Dougl. var.
parishii ( H eller) J eps.
" Pari s h 's gooseberry" Gross u l ariaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Los Angeles, San Bernard i no*
89A*, 1 07 D * , 1 1 0 D
Riparian wood land; elevation 6 5- 1 00
meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms February­
April.
Possi bly extinct; last docu mented in 1 980
from two plants at Whittier Narrows
Nature Center. Known from fewer than
five historical occurrences; these extirpat­
ed by u rban izatio n . Field su rveys needed .
See Rhodora 87:259-260 ( 1 9 85) for taxo­
nomic treatm ent.
Ribes divaricatum var. pubiflorum
Co nsidered but rejected: too co mmon
Ribes hudsonianum Richards. var.
petiolare ( Dougl . ) J ancz.
"western black c u rrant" Grossu lariaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Lassen , Modoc, Siskiyou; I daho, Orego n ,
Wash i ngto n , and el sewhere
673A, 673B, 6 9 1 A, 732B
Riparian scrub; el evation 1 500-2 230
meters.
Shru b (deciduous), blooms May-J u l y.
Known in California from fewer than five
occurrences.
Ribes laxiflorum Pursh
"trai l i ng b l a c k c u rrant" Grossulariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -1
Del Norte, H u m boldt; Oregon , Wash i ng­
ton, and el sewhere
North Coast coniferous forest; el evation
5-300 meters.
Shrub (decid uous), blooms March-May.
Ribes marshallii Greene
" M arsh a l l 's gooseberry" Grossulariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -2
H u m boldt, Siskiyou; Oregon
Closed-cone coniferous forest, subalpine
coniferous forest, u pper montane conifer­
ous forest; elevation 1 200-2 1 00 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms J u n e-J u ly.
Ribes menziesii Pursh. var.
ixoderme Quick
"aromatic canyon gooseberry"
Grossu lariaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Fresno, Kern, Tulare
237C, 2 6 1 B, 285C, 35 5A, 3 76 B
Chaparra l , cismontane wood land;
elevation 6 1 0- 1 1 60 meters.
Shrub (decidu ous), bl ooms Apri l .
Field work need ed. See R. menziesii i n The
Jepson Manual. See Madrano 4(8):287
( 1 938) for original descri ption.
Ribes menziesii var. senile
Considered but rejected: a synonym of R.
menziesii; a co mmon taxon
Ribes roezlii Regel var. amictum
(Greene) Jeps.
" h oary gooseberry" Grossu lariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
H u m boldt, Lake, Mendoci no, Sh asta,
Tri n i ty
Broadleaved u p land forest, cismontane
wood land, lower montane co niferous
forest, upper montane coniferous forest;
el evation 1 2 0-2300 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms March-Apri l .
See Pittonia 1 : 6 9 ( 1 887) for original
descri pti o n , and Manual ofthe Flowering
Plants o{California 2 : 1 54 ( 1 9 3 6 ) by W.L.
Jepson for revised nome nclature.
Ribes sericeum Eastw.
"Santa Lu cia gooseberry" Grossul ariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Monterey, San Lu is Obispo
Broadl eaved u pland forest, coastal bl uff
scrub, North Coast con i ferous forest;
elevation 305- 1 2 20 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms February­
Apri l .
Known o n ly from t h e Santa Lucia Mtns.

Ribes thacherianum Q e ps.) M u nz
"Santa Cruz I s l and gooseberry"
Grossul ariaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3
Santa Cruz Island
SCZA, SCZB, SCZC
Closed-cone coniferous forest, cismon­
tane woodland, riparian woodland ;
elevation 1 0-455 meters.
S h ru b (deciduous), blooms
February-J u ne.
B l ooms i nterm ittently throughout most
of year. Possibly threatened by feral her­
bivores.
Ribes tularense (Cov. ) Fedde
"Seq u o i a gooseberry" Gross u lariaceae
List 1 8 I RED 2-1-3
Tu lare
3 3 1 B, 3 3 1 D, 3 3 2A, 354D
Lower montane coniferous fo rest, upper
montane coniferous forest; elevation
1 500-2 075 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms May.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. See North American Flora 2 2 : 2 1 8
( 1 908) for original descri ptio n .
Ribes viburnifolium Gray
"Santa Catal i n a Island c u rrant"
Grossulariaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-2
Santa Catal i n a Island, San Diego; Baja
California
1 1 D, SCTE, SCTN , SCTW
Chaparral , cismontane wood land;
elevation 30-305 meters.
Shrub ( evergreen ) , blooms Febru ary-Apri l .
Threatened b y m i n ing on m a i n l an d . See
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
and Sciences 1 7: 2 0 2 ( 1 88 2 ) for original
description.
Ribes victoris Greene
"Victor's gooseberry" Grossu lariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3
Mendocino, Mari n , Napa, Solano,
Sonoma
Broadl eaved u p land forest, ch aparral;
elevation 1 00-7SO meters.
S h ru b ( d eciduous), blooms March-Apri l .
Ribes viscosissimum var. hallii
Considered b u t rejected: too co m mon
C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Robinia neomexicana Gray
" N ew Mexico locust" Fabaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
San Bernard i n o ; Arizo na, Nevada, New
Mexico, Sonora (Mexico), Texas, Utah,
and elsewhere
200B, 200C
Pinyon and j u n i per woodland (sandy);
elevation 1 50 0- 1 770 meters.
Shrub (dec i d u o us), blooms M ay-J u ly.
Known in California only from Mid H i l ls.
See Memoirs ofthe American Academy ofArts
and Sciences 2 ( 5 ) : 3 1 4 ( 1 854) for original
descri ption, and Castanea 49 : 1 94-1 9 5
( 1 984) for taxonomic treatment.
Romanzoffia tracyi Jeps.
"Tracy's rom anzoffia" Hydrophyllaceae
Llst 2 / RED 3-1-1
D e l Norte ? , H u m bo ldt; Orego n ,
Wash i ngton
689C, 723B?, 740C?
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal scrub I
rocky; elevation 1 5-30 meters.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms March- May.
Does plant occur in Del Norte County?
See Flora of California 3 : 2 9 6 ( 1 943) by
W. L. J epson for original description.
Romneya coulteri Harv.
"Cou lter's mati l ij a poppy" Papaveraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San
Diego
Chaparral, coastal scru b / often in b u rns;
elevation 2 0- 1 200 meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
March-J u ly.
Th reatened by urban izatio n , Aood con­
trol, and road widening and mai ntenance.
Romneya trichocalyx
Considered but rejected: too common
Rorippa columbiae ( Robi nson)
H owel l
" C o l u m b i a yel l ow cress" Brassicaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-2
H u mboldt, Lassen, Modoc, Siskiyou;
Oregon, Wash i ngton
642D, 696C, 697A, 704D, 71 4B, 728A,
728C, 728D, 730D, 732D
Mead ows and seeps, pi nyon and j u n i per
wood land, playas / mesic; el evation
1 200- 1 800 meters.
Perenn ial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
May-September.
263
Known in Cal i fornia from fewer than fif­
teen occurrences. Can d i d ate for state
l isting i n Orego n , and state-l isted as
Threatened in Was h i ngton. Threatened
by grazi ng, although some occurrences
fenced to exclude cattle. See Sida 4:
294-296 ( 1 972) for taxonomic treatment.
Rorippa gambelii (Wats. ) Rol l . &
Al-Sheh baz
"Gambel's water cress" Brassicaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-2
State Threatened/Federal
Endangered
Los Angeles*, Orange* , Santa Barbara,
San Bernard i n o * , San Diego ? * , San Lu is
Obispo; Baja California
33C? * , 3 3 D ? * , 72A* , 1 07 D * , 1 1 1 D *,
1 95C*, 1 960, 22 1 0
Marshes and swamps (freshwater o r
brackish); elevation 5 - 3 3 0 meters.
Pere n n ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Apri 1-Septem ber.
Nearly extinct in U . S . ; known in California
from only four occurrences. Historic San
Diego County occurrence (33C, 33D) may
be m isidentified R. nasturtium-aquaticum, as
most l i kely is Ventura County occurrence
( 1 41 D). Seriously threatened by habitat
loss, erosion, and Eucalyptus may be alter­
ing hydrology at Black Lake Cyn . Recovery
plan prepared by USFWS in 1 994. See Pro­
ceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts and
Sciences 1 1 : 1 47 ( 1 876) for original descrip­
tion, and journal ofthe Arnold Arboretum 69:
65-71 ( 1 988) for revised nomenclature.
Rorippa subumbellata Rol l .
"Tahoe ye l l ow cress" Brassicaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-2
State Endangered/Federal
Candidate
El Dorado, Nevada*, Placer; Nevada
5 2 2 B , 523A, 538A* , 538B, 538C, 538D,
554C*
Lower montane con i ferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps / decom posed granitic
beaches; elevation 1 895- 1 900 meters.
Pere n n ial herb ( rh izomatous), bl ooms
May-September.
Known in California from fewer than ten
extant occu rrences aro u n d Lake Tahoe;
over one-half of historical occurrences
extirpated. Threatened by developm ent,
recreati o n , tram pli ng, and i n u ndation;
recovery work u nderway. State- listed as
Critically Endangered i n Nevada. See Con­
tributions from the Dudley Herbarium 3 : 1 77
( 1 941 ) for origi nal descri ption.
2 64 C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS

Rosa minutifolia Enge l m . Rubus pedatus Marshes and swamps (assorted shallow
freshwater); elevation 0-6 1 0 meters.
" s m a l l - leaved rose" Rosaceae Considered but rejected : not in Cal i for­
nia; name misapplied to R. /asiococcus; a Perennial herb (rhizomatous, emergent),
List 2 / RED 3-3-1
co mmon taxon blooms M ay-October.
State Endangered
Exti rpated from southern Cal i fo rnia, and
San Diego; Baja California mostly extirpated fro m the Central Val l ey.
Rumex venosus Pursh
110 Need q u ad s for Fresno and Kern coun­
"winged dock" Polygonaceae ties. Threatened by grazing, development,
Chaparral, coastal scrub; elevation
List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1 and channel alteration.
1 50- 1 60 meters.
Lassen; Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon,
Shrub (deci d uous), blooms
Washi ngton , Wyo m i ng, and elsewhere
Jan uary-J u ne. Salicornia bigelovii
5 8 6A, 5 8 6 D, 602A, 602C, 603A, 620C, Considered but rejected : too common
Known i n California from o n ly one occur­
6 2 1 A, 6 2 2 D
rence on Otay Mesa. Seriously threatened
by development and vehicles; o n ly Cal i ­ Great Basin scrub (sandy); elevation
1 200-1 800 meters.
Salix bebbiana Sarg.
fo rn ia occu rrence transplanted for miti­
gation i n 1 997. See Madrano 3 3 ( 2 ) : 1 50 Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ne. "gray wi l l ow" Sal icaceae
( 1 986) for fi rst California record. List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Known i n California only from Honey
Lake Va l l ey. Lassen, Modoc, Siskiyo u ; Arizo na, Neva­
da, New Mexico, Orego n , and el sewhere
Rosa pinetorum Hel ler
673B, 730B, 730C
" p i ne rosen Rosaceae Rupertia hallii ( Ryd b. ) Gri m es
Marshes and swamps (stream banks and
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3 " H al l ' s rupertia" Fabaceae
lake margi ns), riparian scrub; elevation
Monterey, San M ateo List 18 / RED 3-2-3 1 200-2 230 meters.
3 6 6C, 409 D Butte, Tehama Tree (deciduous), blooms M ay.
Closed-cone coniferous forest; e levation 592B, 608B, 608C, 608D Known in California from fewer than five
2-300 meters.
Cismontane woodland, lower montane occurrences. Need q uads for Modoc
S h ru b, blooms May-J u ly. con iferous forest; elevation 545-2250 Cou nty. See Garden and Forest 8 :463
Possi b l e hybrid of R. spithamea, R. gymno­ meters. ( 1 895) for original descripti o n .
carpa, or others; fu rther study needed. Pere n n i a l herb, bloo m s J u ne-August.
See Muhlenbergia 1 :53 ( 1 904) for original Salix brachycarpa N utt. ssp.
SeeNorth American Flora 24: 1 1 ( 1 9 1 9 ) for
descri pti o n .
original descri pti on, and
Memoirs ofthe brachycarpa
New York Botanical Garden 6 1 : 1 - 1 1 4
"short-fruited wi l l ow" Sal icaceae
Rubus glaucifolius Kel l . var. ( 1 9 90) for taxonomic treatm ent.
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
ganderi ( Bailey) M u nz
Mono; I d aho, New Mexico, Oregon,
"Cuyamaca raspberry" Rosaceae Rupertia rigida ( Parish) Grimes Washi ngton, and elsewhere
List 1 8 / RED 3-1 -3 " Parish's rupertia" Fabaceae 434C, 434D, 453B, 454A
San Diego List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Alpine dwarf scrub, meadows and seeps,
20A, 3 3 D Riverside, San Bernard i no, San Diego; subalpine coniferous forest / carbonate;
Baja California elevation 32 00-3500 meters.
Lower montane co niferous forest (gab­
broic); elevation 1 2 00- 1 67 5 meters. Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower Shrub (decidu ous), bloom s J u ne-J u ly.
montane coniferous forest; elevation
Shrub (evergreen), blooms May-J u ne. On watch list in Orego n .
700-2500 meters.
Known from only two occu rrences on
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne-J u ly.
M i d d l e Pk. and North Pk. i n the Cuya­ Salix delnortensis C. Sch neider
maca Mtns. H i storical occurrences need See Systematic Botany 1 4: 233 ( 1 989) for
field surveys. See R. glaucifolius in TheJep­ revised nomenclature. " D e l Norte wi l l ow" Sal icaceae
son Manual. List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Sagittaria rigida Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon

Rubus nivalis Dougl. Consid ered but rejected : not native Riparian scrub (serpenti n ite ); elevation
90-500 meters.
"snow dwarf b ra m b l e " Rosaceae
Shrub (dec i d u ous), blooms April-May.
List 2 / RED 3-1 - 1 Sagittaria sanfordii Greene
Del Norte, Siskiyou; I d aho, Orego n , and Similar to S. breweri; may hybridize with S.
"Sanford 's arrowhead" Alismataceae
elsewhere lasiolepis. Endangered i n Orego n . Seejour­
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3 nal ofthe Arnold Arboretum 1 :96 ( 1 9 1 9 ) for
738A, 738C Butte, Del Norte, Fresno, Kern, Merced, original description, and Madrano 44( 2 ) :
North Coast coniferous forest; elevation Orange * , Sacramento, Shasta, San 1 1 5- 1 36 ( 1 997) for taxonomic treatment.
1 08 5-1 350 meters. Joaq u i n , Tehama, Ventura*

Pere n n ial vine ( evergreen), blooms 7 1 B*, 1 41 A* , 378C, 3 7 9 D, 3 8 1 D, 402 B ,

Salix nivalis Hook.
J u ne-August. 402C, 403D, 42 1 C, 423D, 462 D, 478C,
495B, 496A, 496B, 496D, 5 1 2A, 5 1 2C, "snow wil low" Salicaceae
5 1 2 D, 560C, 575B, 593B, 628A, 628D, List 2 I RED 3-1-1
740C Mono; a n d e lsewhere
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 265

434D, 453B, 453C, 454A, 471 D
Alpine dwarf scrub; elevation 3 1 00-3 5 0 0
meters.
S h rub ( d eciduous), blooms J u ly-August.
A synonym of S. reticulata ssp. nivalis in The
Jepson Manual. See Madrofio 44( 2 ) : 1 1 5-1 3 6
( 1 997) for revised nomenclature.
Salix parksiana
Considered but rejected : a synonym of S.
sessilifolia; a common taxon
Salix planifolia ssp. planifolia
Considered but rejected : too com mon
Salix reticulata ssp. nivalis
See Salix nivalis
Salix tracyi
Considered but rejected : a synonym of S.
lasiolepis; a common taxon
Move t o List 2 ? California plants may b e 5 50B, 553A, 569D, 583C, 583B, 584A,
intermed iate t o var. dorrii. See Brittonia 653A, 6 7 1 A?, 671 D, 722A, 739A, 739B,
34( 2 ) : 1 5 1 - 1 69 ( 1 9 8 2 ) for taxonomic 739C, 740A
treatment and 3 5 ( 2 ) : 1 70 ( 1 983) for Bogs and fens, broadl eaved upland for­
revised nomenclature. est, meadows and seeps, marshes and
swamps, North Coast coniferous forest,
riparian scru b / often serpentin ite;
Salvia eremostachya Jeps.
elevation 60- 1 400 meters.
"d esert sage" Lamiaceae
Pere n n ial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
List 4 / RED 1 -1 - 1
J u l y-October.
Riverside, S a n Diego; Baja California
Cal ifornia plants may be ssp. microcephala.
Sonoran desert scrub ( rocky or gravel ly);
elevation 700- 1 400 meters.
Shrub ( evergreen), blooms March-May.
Sanicula hoffmannii ( M u nz) C . R.
Bel l
" H offm an n 's sanicle" Apiaceae
Salvia funerea jones
List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -3
" Death Valley sage" Lamiaceae
Monterey, Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz,
List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -2 Santa Cruz Island, San Lu is Obispo, San
I nyo; Nevada Mateo, Santa Rosa Island
Mojavean desert scrub (carbonate); Broad l eaved u pland forest, chaparral ,
elevation 0-360 meters. coastal scrub / often serpentinite or clay;
Shrub ( evergreen), blooms March-May. elevation 30-300 meters.

On watch l ist i n Nevada. Perennial herb, blooms March-M ay.

Salvia brandegeei M u nz
" Brand egee's sage" Lam i aceae Salvia greatae Bdg. Sanicula maritima Wats.
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2 "Orocopia sage" Lamiaceae "adobe sanicle" Apiaceae
Santa Rosa Island; Baj a Cal i forn i a List 18 / RED 2-1 -3 List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
SROE, SRON I m peri a l , Riverside, San Bernard i n o ? State Rare
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparra l , 44B, 45A, 6 1 A, 6 1 B, 62C, 63C, 63D, Alameda*, Monterey, San Francisco*,
coastal scru b; elevatio n 5-200 meters. 1 5 1 0? San Lu is Obispo

S h ru b ( evergreen), blooms Apri l-May.
Fairly widespread on Santa Rosa Islan d .
Possibly threatened b y feral herbivores.
" See Madrofio 31 : 2 52-254 ( 1 984) for
i n fo rmation on heterostyly.
Salvia clevelandii
Considered b u t rejected: too common
Salvia columbariae var. ziegleri
Consid ered but rejected: a synonym ofS.
columbariae; a common taxon
Salvia dorrii var. camosa
See Salvia dorrii var. incana
Salvia dorrii ( Kellogg) Abrams var.
in can a ( Ben th . ) Strachan
"fleshy sage" Lamiaceae
List 3 / RED ?-?-1
Modoc, Siskiyou; I d aho, Orego n ,
Washington
690B, 730D, 734A
Great Basin scrub, pinyon and j u n i per
woodland; elevation 300- 1 2 9 5 meters.
S h rub ( evergreen ) , blooms M ay-J u ly.
Mojavean desert scrub, Sonoran desert
scru b; elevation 40-825 meters.
Shrub (evergreen), blooms March-Apri l .
San Bernard i n o Cou nty report is question­
able. See Zoe 5 : 229 ( 1 906) for origi nal
description, and Phytologia 7 1 ( 3 ) : 1 67-1 70
( 1 991 ) for nomenclatural correction .
Salvia munzii Epl.
" M u nz's sage" Lamiaceae
List 2 I RED 2-2-1
San Diego; Baja California
1 0 B, 1 0C, 1 0 D
Chaparral, coastal scrub; elevation
1 20-1 065 meters.
Shrub ( evergreen), blooms February-Apri l .
Threatened b y development.
Salvia vaseyi
Considered but rejected: too co mmon
Sanguisorba officinalis L.
"great burner" Rosaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Del Norte, H u m boldt, Mendocino; Ore­
gon, Washi ngton , and e lsewhere
246C, 247D, 272A, 296B, 3440, 466C*,
466D*
Chaparral , coastal prarie, mead ows and
seeps, valley and footh i l l grassland I cl ay,
serpe ntin ite; elevation 30-240 meters.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms February-May.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences.
Threatened by urbanizat i o n . See Botany
of California 2 : 45 1 ( 1 880) for origi nal
descri pt i o n , and University ofCalifornia
Publications in Botany 2 5 : 6 1 - 62 ( 1 9 5 1 )
for taxo n o m i c treatment.
Sanicula peckiana Macbr.
" Peck's sanicle" Apiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
D e l Norte, H u m boldt; Oregon
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest / often serpent i n ite; elevation
1 5 0-800 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-J u n e .
On watch l i st in Oregon . See Contributions
from the Gray Herbarium 5 9 : 2 8 ( 1 9 1 9 ) for
original descripti on, and University of Cali­
fornia Publications in Botany 25: 64-65
( 1 9 5 1 ) for taxonomic treatm ent.
266 C N P S I N V E N TORY OF R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS
Sanicula saxatilis Greene
" r o c k sanicle" Apiaceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-3
State Rare
Contra Costa, Santa Clara
406A, 426C, 426D, 464B, 464C
Broadl eaved u pland forest, chaparral,
valley and footh i l l grassland / rocky;
elevati on 620- 1 1 75 meters.
Pere n n i al herb, blooms April-M ay.
Known from fewer than fifteen occur­
rences. Threatened by development. See
Erythea 1 : 6 ( 1 893) for original descrip­
tion, and University ofCalifornia Publications
in Botany 2 5 : 7 1 -72 ( 1 951 ) for taxonomic
treatment.
Sanicula tracyi Shan & Const.
"Tracy's sanicle" Apiaceae
List 4 I RED 1 -2-3
H u m boldt, Tri n i ty
Cismontane woodland, lower montane
con i ferous forest, u pper montane con i f­
erous forest / openi ngs; elevation
1 00-1 585 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-J u ly.
Occurrences from Butte, Del Norte,
Tehama, and Yuba counties are not this
taxon ; needs fu rther study. Threatened by
grazing, logging, and development. See
University ofCalifornia Publications in Botany
2 5 : 6 9 ( 1 95 1 ) for original descri pti o n .
Sanvitalia abertii Gray
"Abert's sanvita l i a " Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
San Bernard ino; Arizona, Sonora ( M exi­
co), Texas
224C, 249D
Pi nyon and j u n i per woodland (carbon­
ate); elevation 1 5 70- 1 800 meters.
Annual herb, blooms August-September.
Known in California only from the Clark
and New Yo rk mou ntains. Threate ned by
m i n i ng.
Satureja chandleri ( Bdg. ) Druce
"San M iguel savory" La m i aceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
Orange, Riverside, San Diego; Baja Cali­
forn ia
l OA, 1 0 B, 2 1 B, 2 1 D, 50B, 5 1 A, 67B,
68C, 69B, 69C, 69D, 70D
Chaparral, cismontane wood land, coastal
scrub, riparian woodland, valley and foot­
h i l l grassland / rocky, gabbroic or m etav­
olcanic; elevation 1 20- 1 075 meters.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms March-J u ly.
Threatened by residential development,
agriculture, and recreational activities.
See Zoe 5 : 1 9 5 ( 1 905) for original descrip­
tion, and Crossosoma 1 2( 1 ) : 1 2 ( 1 986) for
taxonomic treatment.
Saussurea americana D.C. Eat.
"American saw-wort" Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Siskiyou; I d aho, Orego n , Wash i ngto n,
and elsewhere
735B, 736A
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps / mesic; elevation
1 73 5- 1 9 50 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
See Botanical Gazette 6:283 ( 1 88 1 ) for
original descri pti o n .
Saxifraga cespitosa L.
"tufted saxifrage" Saxifragaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Modoc, Siskiyou; Arizona, Nevada, Ore­
gon, Washi ngton, and elsewhere
690B, 71 9C
Meadows and seeps ( mesic, rocky);
el evation 9 1 5-1 980 meters.
Perennial herb, bloo m s J u ne-September.
Saxifraga fragarioides
Considered but rejected: a synonym o f
Saxifragopsis fragarioides, a common taxon
Saxifraga howellii Greene
" H owel l 's saxifrage" Saxifragaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon
Cismontane wood land (sometimes ser­
penti nite); elevation 75-900 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
March-May.
Saxifraga integrifolia var.
integrifolia
Co nsidered but rejected : a synonym of S.
integrifolia; a common taxon
Saxifraga nuttallii Small
" N uttal l ' s saxifrage" Saxifragaceae
List 2 / RED 3-3-1
Del Norte; Oregon, Washi ngton
740D
North Coast con i ferous forest ( m esic,
rocky); el evation 40-75 meters.
Pere n n i a l h e rb ( rh izomato us),
b l ooms May.
Known in California from only one occur­
rence along the Smith River. See Bulletin of
the Torrey Botanical Club 2 3 : 3 6 8 ( 1 89 6 ) for
original descri ption.
Saxifraga rufidula (Small ) Maco u n
"rusty saxifrage" Saxifragaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Siskiyou; Orego n , Wash i ngto n , and
e l sewhere
702B
Upper montane con i ferous forest ( mesic,
rocky); elevation 1 860-2000 meters.
Pere n n ial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
March-J u ly.
Known in California from o n ly one
occurrence i n the Marble Mtns. See
North American Flora 22: 1 40 ( 1 905) fo r
original descri pti o n .
Scheuchzeria palustris L. var.
americana ( Fern .) H u lten
"American scheuchzeria" Scheuchzeriaceae
List 2 / RED 3-3-1
Pl umas, Sierra*; Idaho, Oregon, Wash­
i ngton , and elsewhere
606B * , 6 2 5A, 625B
Bogs and fens, marshes and swamps
( lake margins); elevati on 1 3 70-2000
meters.
Pere n n i a l herb ( rh izomatous, em ergent),
blooms J u ly.
Red iscovered in 1 988 by V. Oswald at Wil­
low Lake. Need historical quads for Sierra
County. Threatened by logging. Threat­
ened in Idaho, and endangered in Orego n .
See Fremontia 2 0 (4 ) : 1 9-20 ( 1 992) for
information on red iscovery i n Cal iforn ia.
Schizymenium shevockii Shaw
Bryaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Fresno
357C, 376B, 377A
Cismontane woodland ( metamorph ic,
rock, mesic); el evation 750- 1 400 meters.
Moss.
Known from only th ree occurrences.
Occurs on rocks along roads, in same
habitat as Mielichhoferia elongata. Threat­
ened by road wide n i ng. See Systematic
Botany 2 5 ( 2 ) : 1 90 (2000) for original
descri ption .

Schkuhria multiflora H . & A var.
multiflora
" m any-flowered sch k u h ri a " Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
San Bernard i no; Arizona, Baja Cal iforn ia,
New Mexico, Texas, and el sewhere
200A, 2 2 5 D, 249D
.
Pin yon and j u n i per wood land (sandy);
e l evation 1 500- 1 700 meters.
Annual herb, blooms September­
October.
See Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical Garden
3 2 ( 3 ) : 2 74-276 ( 1 945) for taxonomic
treatment.
Schoenolirion bracteosum
Considered but rejected : a synonym of
Hastingsia bradeosa; not in Cal iforn ia
Schoenus nigricans L.
" b lack sedge" Cyperaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
I nyo, San Bernard i no; Nevada, Texas,
and elsewhere
1 07A, 1 33C, 1 34D, 324A, 346D, 389C,
389D
Marshes and swamps (often alkaline);
elevati on 1 5 0-2000 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms August­
September.
See Madrano 43( 4):530 ( 1 9 9 6 ) for i n for­
mation on Cal ifornia d i stri bution.
Scirpus clementis
Considered but rejected: too common
Scirpus heterochaetus Chase
" s l e n d er bu l ru s h " Cyperaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Tehama; Idaho, Orego n , a n d el sewhere
625(
Lower montane con iferous forest, marsh­
es and swamps ( l ake margi ns); el evation
1 600- 1 600 meters.
Perenn ial herb (rh izomatous), blooms
August.
Known in California o n ly from Wilson
Lake. On watch l i st in Orego n . See Rhodo­
ra 6:70 ( 1 904) for original description,
and Madrano 40( 3 ) : 1 79 ( 1 99 3 ) for first
Cal ifornia record .
Scirpus pendulus M u h l .
"pe n d u lo u s b u l ru s h " Cyperaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Siskiyou; Orego n , and elsewhere
7 1 7B, 733A
C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Meadows and seeps ( mesic), marshes
and swamps ( assorted freshwater);
elevation 800- 1 000 meters.
Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
J u n e-August.
Known in California only from near
Yreka. End angered i n O rego n .
Scirpus pumilus Vah l .
"dwarf b u l ru s h " Cyperaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Mono; and elsewhere
43 1 C, 434D
Al p i n e dwarf scrub? ( mesic, carbonate);
elevation 2875-3250 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
August.
Known i n California only from Convict
Creek and Cottonwood Creek drai nages.
See Madrofio 1 7(4):93- 1 09 ( 1 963) for
first Cal ifornia report and 41 ( 2 ) : 1 48- 1 49
( 1 994) for second Cal iforn ia report.
Scirpus rollandii
S e e Scirpus pumilus
Scirpus subterminalis Torr.
"water b u lrush" Cyperaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1
Butte, Del Norte, El Dorado, H u mboldt,
Plumas, Shasta, Tehama; Idaho, Orego n ,
Washi ngto n , a n d e lsewhere
522C, 523D, 572B, 589C, 5 9 0 D, 607C,
624B, 625A, 625B, 625C, 682C, 704C,
73 8 B
Bogs a n d fens, marshes and swamps
( m ontane lake margi ns); el evation
750-2250 meters.
Pere n n ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
J u ly-August.
Sensitive in I d aho, and endangered i n
Orego n . See Leaflets of Western Botany
1 0 : 1 6 ( 1 966) for first California record .
Sclerocactus johnsonii ( Parry) N . P.
Taylor
"bee-h ive cactus" Cactaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
I nyo; Arizona, Nevada, Utah; and
elsewhere
275B, 275D
Mojavean desert scrub (gran itic);
elevati on 500- 1 200 meters.
S h ru b (stem succu l e n t) , blooms
Apri l - M ay.
267
Possibly threatened by horticu ltural col­
lecting. See Botany ofthe King Exploration,
p. 1 1 7 ( 1 8 7 1 ) for origi nal descri ption,
and Bradleya 5 : 9 4 ( 1 984) for revised
nomen clature.
Sclerocactus polyancistrus
( Enge l m . & Bigel.) Britt. & Rose
" M oj ave fi sh-hook cactus" Cactaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
I nyo, Kern, San Bernard ino; Nevada
G reat Basin scrub, Joshua tree "wood­
land'', Mojavean desert scru b / usually
carbonate; el evation 640-2320 meters.
S h ru b (stem succulent), blooms
April-J u ly.
Threatened by horticultural collectin g and
herbivory by insects. Does not usually s u r­
vive transplanting. See Proceedings ofthe
American Academy ofArts and Sciences 3 : 272
( 1 856) for original description, Cactus and
Succulentjournal 5 1 :228-232 ( 1 979) for
ecological information, and Fremontia
1 0( 4 ) : 23-24 ( 1 983) for species acco u nt.
Scleropogon brevifolius Ph i l .
" bu rro grass" Poaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
S a n Bernard i n o; Arizona, Nevada, a n d
elsewhere
200A
Mojavean desert scrub (decomposed
gran itic); e levation 1 5 85- 1 600 meters.
Perennial herb (stoloniferous), blooms
October.
Known in California o n l y from one occur­
rence near Caruthers Cyn. i n the New
York Mtns.
Scopelophila cataractae ( M itt. )
Brot h .
Pottiaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Calaveras; Arizona, and el sewhere
459B
Cismontane woodland ( metamorphic,
so i l ) ; elevati o n 400 meters.
Moss.
Known i n Cal i fornia from only one occur­
rence near Copperopol is. Small genus of
two species, usually associated with h ighly
m i neral ized soils. Wide d istri bution of
very small, isolated occu rrences. See).
Linn. Soc. Bot.1 2 : 1 3 5 ( 1 869) for original
descri ption, and Nat. Pf/. 1 ( 3 ) :436 ( 1 902)
for revised nomenclature.
Scopulophila rixfordii
Considered but rejected: too co m mon
268 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y OF RA R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS
Scrophularia atrata Pen n .
" b l ack-flowered figwort" Scro p h u lariaceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Santa Barbara, San Lu is Obispo
1 70B, 1 70C, 1 70D, 1 7 1 A, 1 9 SC, 1 96A,
1 9 6B, 1 96 D, 2 2 1 A, 2 2 1 B
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral,
coastal du nes, coastal scrub, riparian
scrub; elevation 1 0-500 meters.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms April-J u ly.
Plants from south of Pt. Conception
( 1 43A, 1 43 B , 1 44A, 1 44B) are probably
hybrids with 5. californica ssp. floribunda.
Threatened by energy development and
m i n i ng.
Scrophularia villosa Pen n .
"Santa Catalina figwort" Scro p h u lariaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
San Clemente Island, Santa Cata l i n a
Island
SCMC, SCMS, SCTE, SCTN, SCTW
Ch aparral, coastal scrub; elevation
45-5 1 0 meters.
Shru b, blooms April-August.
Feral herbivores removed from San
Clem ente Island and vegetation recover­
i ng; sti l l a threat on Santa Catalina Island .
Scutellaria bolanderi Gray ssp.
austromontana Epl.
"southern sku l lcap" Lam iaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Los Angeles( * ? ), Riverside, San Bernar­
d i no * , San Di ego
9A, 20A, 20C, 20D, 33B, 33C, 49C, 49D,
66B, 67A, 69D, 1 1 O D ( * ? ) , 1 5 8D*
Ch aparral, cismontane wood land, lower
montane con i ferous forest / mesic;
elevation 600-2000 meters.
Pere n n ial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
J u ne-August.
See Madroiio 5 ( 2 ) : 5 8 ( 1 939) for original
descri ption.
Scutellaria galericulata L.
" m arsh sku l lcap" Lam iaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
El Dorado, Lassen, Modoc, Nevada,
Placer, P l u m as, Shasta, San Joaq u i n , Sis­
kiyo u ? ; Orego n , and el sewhere
463A, 480D, 523A, 538C, 554C, 588D,
604A, 624C, 677A, 678C, 678D, 7 1 4B,
726B, 727B
Lower montane co n i ferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps ( mesic), marshes and
swamps; elevation 0-2 1 00 meters.
Peren n ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
J u n e-September.
Is Siskiyou County occurrence a misiden­
tificatio n ? Occurrences from the Delta in
San Joaq u i n County need fu rther study.
Scutellaria holmgreniorum Cronq.
" H o l mgre n's sku l lcap" Lamiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Lassen , Modoc; Nevada
Great Basin scrub, p i nyon and j u n i per
woodland / volcanic, cl ay; elevation
1 3 1 0- 1 73 5 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
May-J u ly.
A synonym of 5. nana in TheJepson Manual,
but now considered d i stinct. 5. holmgrenio­
rum has relatively elongate stems (5. nana
is shorter and more compact), elongate
i n florescences (5. nana has a very short,
com pact i n florescence), and may or may
not have some hairs gland-tipped (5. nana
never has gland-ti pped h a i rs). On watch
l ist in Nevada. See Brittonia 3 3 ( 3 ) :449-
450 ( 1 981 ) for original descri ption.
Scutellaria lateriflora L.
" b l u e s k u l lcap" Lam i aceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
I nyo, San Joaq u i n ; New Mexico, Orego n ,
and elsewhere
4800
Meadows and seeps ( mesic), marshes
and swamps; elevation 0-500 meters.
Perenn ial herb (rh izomatous), blooms
J u ly-September.
Known i n California from only two occur­
rences. Need q u ad for occurrence in
Sal i n e Val ley ( I nyo County).
Sedella leiocarpa H . K. Sharsm.
" Lake Cou nty stonecrop" Crassulaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Lake
533B, 533C, 533D
Cismontane woodland, valley and
footh i l l grassland, vernal pools / vernally
mesic depressions in volcanic outcrops;
elevation 365-790 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
Known from fewer than five occurrences.
Extremely vu l n erable to tram p l i ng; also
threatened by grazi ng, altered hydrol ogy,
and development. State and fed erally list­
ed as Parvisedum leiocarpum; see this name
in TheJepson Manual. See Madroiio 5( 6 ) :
1 9 2 ( 1 940) for original descri pti o n , a n d
Haseltonia S : 5 3-60 ( 1 997) for taxonomic
i nformation.
Sedum albomarginatum Clausen
"Feather River stonecrop" Crassulaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Butte, Plu mas
5 9 1 C, 606B, 606C, 607C
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest / serpentinite; elevation 260- 1 78 5
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u n e .
Known fro m fewer t h a n twenty occur­
rences. Threatened by horticultural col­
lecting, road constructio n , and m i n i ng.
See Sedum ofNorth America North ofthe
Mexican Plateau, p. 424-433 ( 1 975) by
R.T. Clausen for original description.
Sedum divergens Wats.
"Cascade stonecrop" Crassulaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
H u m boldt, Siskiyou; Orego n , Wash i ng­
ton, and elsewhere
686C, 738D
Al pi n e boulder and rock fi e l d ; elevation
1 600-2000 meters.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms J u ly-September.
Known in Cal i forn i a from o n l y three col­
l ections; i s it m o re co m m o n ? See Pro­
ceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
and Sciences 1 7: 3 7 2 ( 1 88 2 ) for origi n a l
descri pti o n .
Sedum eastwoodiae ( Britt.) Berger
" Red M o u n ta i n stonecrop" Crassulaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Federal Candidate
Mendocino
600B
Lower montane con i ferous forest (ser­
penti n ite); elevation 600- 1 200 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Known from o n ly three occu rrences on
Red Mtn. Protected at Red Mtn . ACEC
( BLM ) . See Bulletin ofthe New York Botanical
Garden 3 : 3 1 ( 1 903) for original descrip­
tion, and Sedum ofNorth America North of
the Mexican Plateau, p. 398-403 ( 1 975) by
R.T. Clausen for taxonomic treatment.

Sedum laxum ssp. eastwoodiae
See Sedum eastwoodiae
Sedum laxum ( Britt.) Berger ssp.
flavidum Denton
" pa l e ye l low stonecrop" Crassulaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Del Norte, G l e n n , H u m boldt, Shasta, Sis­
kiyou, Tehama, Tri n ity
Broadleaved u pland forest, chaparral,
cismontane wood land, lower montane
coniferous forest, upper montane con i f­
erous forest / serpenti n ite or volcanic;
elevation 455-2000 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms M ay-J u ly.
Subspecies are somewhat i n d istinct. See
Brittonia 3 0 : 23 3-238 ( 1 978) for original
descri pti o n .
Sedum laxum ( Britt.) Berger ssp.
heckneri ( Peck) Clausen
" H eckner's stonecrop" Crassulaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Del Norte, H u m boldt, Siskiyou, Tri n ity;
Oregon
Lower montane coniferous forest, u pper
montane coniferous forest / serpenti n ite
or ga bbroic; el evation 1 00-2 1 00 meters.
Perennial herb, bloo m s J u ne-J u ly.
Su bspecies are somewhat i n d istinct.
Endangered i n O rego n . See Proceedings of
the Biological Society of Washington 5 0 : 1 2 1
( 1 937) for origi nal descri ption, and
Sedum ofNorth America North ofthe Mexi­
can Plateau, p. 3 9 1 -393 ( 1 9 7 5 ) by R.T.
Clausen for taxo n o m i c treatm ent.
Sedum niveum A. Davids.
" Davidson's stonecrop" Crassulaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
Riverside, San Bernardino; Baja California
Lower montane co niferous forest, sub­
alpine coniferous forest, u pper montane
coniferous forest / rocky; elevation
2075-3000 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
J u n e-August.
See Bulletin ofthe Southern California Acade­
my ofSciences 20:53 ( 1 9 2 1 ) for original
descri ption, and Sedum ofNorth America
North of the Mexican Plateau, p. 1 78- 1 79
( 1 975) by R.T. Clausen for taxonomic
treatment.
Sedum oblanceolatum Clausen
"Applegate stonecrop" Crassulaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2
Siskiyo u ; Oregon
735B, 736A, 736B
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Upper montane coniferous forest
(rocky); el evation 400-2000 meters.
Pere n nial herb, blooms J u ne-J u ly.
Known in Cal i fornia from fewer than five
occurrences. Threatened by loggi ng and
horticultural collecting. Protected at
Botanical Special Interest Areas ( USFS)
on the Siskiyou Crest. Can d i date for state
l isting in Oregon. See Madrano 39(4) : 3 1 0
( 1 992) for d i stributional i nformation .
Sedum obtusatum ssp. paradisum
See Sedum paradisum
Sedum paradisum ( M . Denton) M .
Denton
"Canyon Creek stonecrop" Crassu l aceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-3
Shasta, Tri n ity
648A, 667B, 668A
Broadl eaved u pland forest, chaparra l ,
lower montane co niferous forest, sub­
alpine con i ferous forest / granitic, rocky;
elevation 300- 1 860 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ne .
Known from o n ly five occurrences. See
Brittonia 30 : 2 3 3-238 ( 1 978) for original
descri pti o n .
Sedum pinetorum Bdg.
" P i n e C i t y sed u m " Crassulaceae
List 3 / RED ?-?-3
Mono
434C?
Habitat u n known; elevation 2650
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly.
Move to List 1 B? Known only from the
type col l ection from deserted Pine City
above Mammoth. Not in TheJepson
Manual. See University ofCalifornia Publica­
tions in Bot.any 6:358 ( 1 9 1 6) for origi nal
descri ption, and Leaflets ofWestern Bot.any
6(3 ): 62-63 ( 1 950) for species account.
Sedum purdyi
Co nsidered but rejected: too co m m o n ; a
synonym of S. spathulifolium
Sedum radiatum ssp.
depauperatum
Co nsidered but rejected: a synonym of S.
radiatum; a common taxon
Sedum spathulifolium ss p . purdyi
Co nsidered but rejected: too com m o n ; a
synonym of S. spathulifolium
269
Selaginella asprella Maxon
" b l u ish spike-moss" Selagi n e l laceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Kern, Los Angeles, Orange, Rive rsi d e ,
S a n Bernard i no, San Diego, Tu lare; Baja
Califo rn i a
Cismontane wood l a n d , lower montane
coniferous forest, pi nyon and j u n i per
wood l a n d , subal p i n e coniferous forest,
u p per m o ntane con i ferous forest /
gra n i tic, rocky; e l evation 1 600-2700
meters.
Pere n n ial herb ( rh izomatous), fertile J u ly.
Previously rejected as too common, but
probably merely u nthreatened. See Smith­
sonian Miscellaneous Collections 72( 5 ) : 6
( 1 9 2 0 ) for original description.
Selaginella cinerascens
Considered but rejected : too co m mon
Selaginella densa Ryd b. var.
scopulorum (Maxon ) Tryon
" Rocky M o u ntain spike-moss"
Selagi n e l l aceae
List 3 / RED ?-?-1
Del Norte, Siskiyou; Arizona, I d aho, New
Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washi ngto n , and
elsewhere
North Coast coniferous forest, subal pine
coniferous forest, u pper montane conif­
erous forest / decom posed granitic,
rocky; el evation 1 500-2200 meters.
Pere n n ial herb ( rh izomatous), fertile
August.
Move to List 2? Location, rarity, and
endangerment i n fo rmation needed. See
American Fernjournal 1 1 :36 ( 1 9 2 1 ) for
original descri ption, and Annals ofthe Mis­
souri Botanical Garden 42: 67-69 ( 1 9 5 5 ) for
revised nomenclature.
Selaginella eremophila Maxon
"d esert s p i ke-moss" Selagi n e l l aceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Riverside, San Diego; Arizona, Baja
Cal i forn ia
7A, 1 9 B, 3 2 B , 32C, 48A, 70A, 83C, 8 3 D
Sonoran desert scrub (grave l ly or rocky);
elevation 200-900 meters.
Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), ferti l e
May-J u ly.
Known in California from fewer than ten
occurrences. See Smithsonian Miscellaneous
Collections 7 2 ( 5 ) : 3 ( 1 920) for original
descri ption.
270 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Selaginella leucobryoides Maxon
" M ojave s p i ke-moss" Selagi n e l l aceae
List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -3
I nyo, San Bernard i n o ; Arizo na, Nevada
Great Basin scrub, lower montane conif­
erous forest, Mojavean desert scrub,
pi nyon and j u n iper wood land I rocky,
usual ly carbonate; el evation 600-3 1 50
meters.
Pere n n ial herb (rh izomato us), ferti l e J u ne.
See Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections
72( S ) : 8 ( 1 9 2 0 ) for original descri pti o n .
Selinocarpus nevadensis (Stand l . )
Fowler & Turner
" d esert wing-fruit" Nyctagi naceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
I nyo; Arizo na, Nevada, Utah
274D
Joshua tree "woodland", Mojavean desert
scru b / rocky; elevation 1 1 60- 1 2 5 0
meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u n e-September.
Known i n Cal iforn ia from only one occur­
rence in the Kingston Range. See Madrano
3 0 ( 2 ) : 1 29 ( 1 983) for this record .
Senecio aphanactis Greene
"rayless ragwort" Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Alameda, Contra Costa, Fresno, Los
Angeles, Merced, Orange, Riverside,
Santa Barbara, Santa Clara, Santa
Cata l i n a Island , Santa Cruz Island, San
Di ego, San Lu is Obispo, Solano, Santa
Rosa Island, Ventu ra; Baja California
1 0 B, 86B?, 1 09D, 1 1 3 B, 1 1 4A, 1 6 9D,
246C, 268C, 383A, 427D, 445A, 463D,
464A, 464B , 483D, SCZA, SCZB, SRON
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal
scru b / alkaline; elevation 1 5-800 meters.
Annual herb, blooms J a n uary-Apri l .
Rare i n Los Angeles, Orange, a n d River­
side co u nties. Need q u ads for Riverside
County and Santa Catal i n a Island. Not
seen on Santa Cruz Island between 1 934
and 1 99 1 . See Pittonia 1 : 2 2 0 ( 1 888) for
original description, and North American
Flora 1 1
1 0 : 5 0- 1 3 9 ( 1 978) for taxonomic
treatment.
Senecio bernardinus Green e
"San Bernard i n o ragwort" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
San Bernard i n o
1 05A, 1 05B, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 D
Meadows and seeps ( m esic, sometimes
alka l i n e ) , pebble ( pavement) p l a i n , upper
montane co n i ferous forest; elevation
1 800-2300 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms M ay-J u ly.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Threatened by development,
grazing, and vehicles.
Senecio blochmaniae E. Greene
" Bloch man's ragwort" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Santa Barbara, San Lu is Obispo
Coastal d u nes; el evation 0- 1 00 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-October.
Threatened by non-native plants, devel­
opment, and vehicles. See Erythea 1 : 7
( 1 893) for origi nal descri pti o n .
Senecio bolanderi Gray var.
bolanderi
"seacoast ragwort" Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Del Norte, H u m boldt, Mendocino; Ore­
gon , Wash i ngton
5 6 9 D, 739C, 740D
Coastal scrub, North Coast con iferous
forest; elevation 30-650 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
J u ne-J u ly.
Need q uads for H u m boldt Co u nty. See
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
and Sciences 7:362 ( 1 868) for original
descripti o n .
Senecio clarkianus
Co nsidered but rejected: too common
Senecio clevelandii Green e var.
clevelandii
"Cleveland's ragwort" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Col usa, Lake, Napa, Tri n ity, Yo lo
Chaparral (serpentinite seeps); el evation
3 6 5-900 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-J u ly.
See 5. clevelandii i n TheJepson Manual. See
Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 1 0 :87
( 1 883) for origi nal descripti o n .
Senecio clevelandii Green e var.
heterophyllus Hoov.
" Red H i l l s ragwort" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Tuo l u m n e
458C
Cismontane wood land (serpentinite
seeps); elevation 260-3 8 5 meters.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms J u n e-J u ly.
Known only from the Red H i l l s . Possibly
threatened by grazing. A synonym of 5.
clevelandii i n TheJepson Manual. Protected
at Red H i l l s ACEC ( B LM ) . See Leaflets of
Western Botany 2: 1 3 2 ( 1 938) for original
descripti o n .
Senecio eurycephalus Gray var.
lewisrosei (J .T. Howe l l ) T. M . Barkley
"cut-leaved ragwo rt" Asteraceae
List 1 B I RED 2-2-3
Butte, Plu mas
5 75B, 5 9 1 C, 592A, 5 9 2 D, 606B, 606C,
607D
Chaparral, cismontane wood land, lower
montane co niferous forest / serpentinite;
el evation 550- 1 470 meters.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms March-September.
Threatened by m i ning and road mai nte­
nance. Taxo n o m i c study needed . See
Leaflets ofWestern Botany 3( 6 ) : 1 4 1 - 1 42
( 1 942) for original descri pti o n .
Senecio foetidus
See Senecio hydrophiloides
Senecio ganderi Bark I . &
Beauchamp
"Gander's ragwort" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
State Rare
Riverside, San Diego
9B, 9C, 20A, 2 1 A, 2 1 D, 34A, 50A
Ch aparral ( b u rns, gabbroic outcrops);
el evation 400-1 200 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-M ay.
Known from fewer than fifteen occur­
rences. See Brittonia 2 6 : 1 06- 1 08 ( 1 974)
for original descri pti o n .
Senecio hydrophiloides Ryd b.
"sweet marsh ragwort" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
Lassen, Modoc, Plumas, Siskiyou; Neva­
da, Oregon , and e lsewhere
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps / mesic; elevation
490-2800 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
Does plant occur in Butte Cou nty?
Threatened by grazi ng and hydrological
alterations. I ncl udes S. foetidus.

Senecio indecorus Greene
"rayless m o u ntain ragwort" Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Lassen, Modoc; Idaho, Oregon, Wash­
i ngton , Wyo m i ng, and elsewhere
641 A, 641 B, 726B
Meadows and seeps ( m esic); e levation
1 600-2000 meters.
Peren nial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
Threatened by grazing.
Senecio ionophyllus Green e
"Tehachapi ragwort" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Kern , Los Angeles, San Bernard i n o
Lower montane coniferous forest, u pper
montane coniferous forest / granitic,
rocky; elevation 1 S00-2700 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ne-J u ly.
Senecio layneae Greene
" Layne's ragwort" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
State Rare/Federal Threatened
El Dorado, Tuo l u m ne, Yuba
458C, 5 1 0A, 5 1 0B, 5 1 1 A, 526A, 5 2 6 D,
5 2 7D, 5 5 9A
Chaparral, cismo ntane wood land / ser­
penti n ite or gabbroic, rocky; el evation
200-1 000 meters.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms April-J u ly.
Threatened by u rbanization, grazi ng, road
construction, vehicles, and fire su ppres­
sion. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
1 0 :87 ( 1 883) for original descri ption.
Senecio ligulifolius
See Senecio macounii
Senecio lyonii
Considered but rejected: t o o common
Senecio macounii Green e
"Si skiyou M o u ntai ns ragwort" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
Del Norte, H u m boldt, Siskiyou; Orego n ,
Washi ngton, and elsewhere
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous for­
est / sometimes serpentinite, often in d is­
turbed areas; elevation 400-9 1 5 meters.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms J u n e-J u ly.
See Pittonia 3: 1 6 9 ( 1 8 9 7 ) fo r origi nal
descri pti o n , and North American Flora
111 0 : 9 3-94 ( 1 978) fo r taxonomic
treatment.
C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Senecio pattersonensis H oov.
" M o n o ragwort" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1-2
Mono, Nevada
43 1 B , 488A, 488C, 489 D
Alpine boulder and rock fi eld ; elevati on
2900-3720 meters.
Pere n nial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
J u ly-August.
See Leaflets of Western Botany 5( 4 ) : 6 0
( 1 947) fo r origi nal descri ption, and
Madrano 3 5 ( 2 ) : 1 65 ( 1 9 8 8 ) for Cal i for­
nia occu rrence i nformation .
Senecio streptanthifolius
Co nsidered but rejected: too common
Senna covesii (Gray) H. I rwin &
Barne by
"Coves's cassia" Fabaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
I m perial, Riverside, San Bernardi no, San
Diego; Arizona, Baja Cal i forn ia, Nevada
1 9A, 1 9 B, 31 B, 3 2 B , 32C, 47 A,61 B,
61 C, 6 2 B, 64C, 65C, 1 2 1 D
Sonoran desert scrub (sandy); elevation
500- 1 070 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms March-J u ne.
Need q u ads fo r I m perial Cou nty and
occurrence near "Tu rtle Mtns. "(San
Bernard i n o Cou nty). Threatened by
ve h icles.
Sequoiadendron giganteum
Consi dered but rejected: too common
Shepherdia argentea
Co nsidered but rejected: too common
Sibara deserti (Jones) Rol l .
" d esert winged rock-cress" Brassicaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
I nyo; Nevada
Mojavean desert scrub; el evation
345- 1 300 meters.
An nual herb, blooms March-Apri l .
See Contributions from the Gray Herbarium
1 2 : 1 ( 1 908) for original description and
1 65 : 1 40 ( 1 947) for revised nomenclature.
Sibara filifolia (Greene) Greene
"Santa Cruz Island rock cress" Brassicaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Federal Endangered
271
San Clemente Island, Santa Catal i n a
Island * , Santa Cruz Island*
SCMS, SCTN * , SCTS, SCZB*, SCZC*
Coastal scrub ( rocky, volcanic); elevati on
60-305 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-Apri l .
Red iscovered i n 1 9 86 b y M . Beauchamp
and A. Kelly; only one known extant
occurrence, with fewer than 40 i n d ivi d u ­
als as of 1 996. Last seen on Santa Cruz
Island in 1 93 2 . Last seen on Santa Catal i­
na Island i n 1 973; recent su rveys u nsuc­
cessfu l . Feral herbivores removed from
San Clemente Island, and vegetation
recovering. See Madrano 45(4):328
( 1 998) for distri butional i nformation.
Sibara rosulata
Considered but rejected: too common
Sibaropsis hammittii S. Boyd & T.S.
Ross
" H a m m itt's cl ay-cress" Brassicaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Riverside, San Di ego
20C, 69D
Chaparral (openi ngs), valley and footh i l l
grassland / clay; elevation 730- 1 065
meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms March-Apri l .
Threatened by non-native plants, and
potentially threatened by vehicles and
tra m p l i ng. Not i n TheJepson Manual. See
Madrano 44( 1 ) : 3 0 ( 1 997) for original
descri pti o n .
Sidalcea calycosa j ones ssp.
rhizomata (Jeps. ) M u nz
"Point Reyes checkerb l o o m " M alvaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Mendoci no, Mari n , Sonoma
467A, 484B, 485B, 485C, 485D, 502C,
503A, 520B, 537C, 5 5 2 B , 553A
Marshes and swamps (freshwater, near
coast); el evation 3-75 meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
Apri l -September.
See Manual ofthe Flowering Plants of Califor­
nia, p. 629 ( 1 9 2 5 ) by W. L. Jepson for
original descri pti o n .
2 72 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S

Sidalcea covillei Greene Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower 2 8 6 D ? * , 309C, 3 1 0 D * , 377C*

"Owens Valley ch eckerbloom" M alvaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
State Endangered
I nyo
3 0 5 B * , 329D, 3 5 1 A* , 3 5 1 B, 3 5 1 C,
3 5 1 D, 372C, 393A, 393D, 41 3A, 41 3B,
41 3C, 41 3 D, 41 4A, 41 4C
Chenopod scrub, meadows and seeps /
alkal i ne, mesic; elevation 1 095- 1 4 1 5
meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-J u ne .
Threatened by lowering of water table,
non-native plants, grazing, and meadow
succession. See Cybele Columbiana 1 : 3 5
( 1 9 1 4) for original description, and Fre­
montia 5( 4):34-3 5 ( 1 978), 6(3 ) : 2 6-2 7
( 1 978), and 8(4): 1 6 ( 1 98 1 ) for d i scus­
sion of threats.
Sidalcea hickmanii Greene ssp.
anomala C . L. H itchc.
montane coniferous forest; elevation Cismontane wood land, valley and
1 000-2500 meters. footh i l l grassland / serpentin ite, clay;
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-August. el evation 1 20-425 meters.
Threatened by u rban ization, grazing, and Ann ual herb, blooms Apri l-May.
road mai ntenance. Red iscovered in 1 9 92 by J . Stebbins and
K. Kirkpatrick near Mine H i l l (Tu lare
County); known from only one occur­
Sidalcea hickmanii Greene ssp.
rence, with 60 i n d ivi d uals present as of
viridis C . L. H itchc.
1 9 92. Threatened by potential develop­
" M ari n checkerb l o o m " M a lvaceae ment, and possibly by grazing. Recent
List 18 / RED 3 - 1 -3 work suggests Fresno Cou nty record is
Mari n, Napa, San Mateo, Sonoma probably erroneous. See Contributions from
the Dudley Herbarium 3 : 5 5-56 ( 1 940) for
409 B, 467B, 485C, 499C, 503B, 503D
origi nal descri pti on.
Chaparral (serpentinite); elevati on
5 0-430 meters.
Sidalcea malachroides ( H. & A.)
Pere n n ial herb, blooms May-J u n e .
Gray
Possibly threatened b y development.
" m a p l e-l eaved checkerb l o o m " M a lvaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-2
Sidalcea keckii Wiggi ns
Del Norte, H u m boldt, Mendoci no, Mon­
" Keck's checkerbloom" M a lvaceae terey, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, Sonoma;
List 18 / RED 3-3-3 Oregon*

"Cu esta Pass c h eckerbl o o m " M alvaceae Federal Endangered 344A, 344B, 344D, 366C, 3 8 7 E, 427A,
List 18 / RED 3-2-3 Tu lare, Fresno?* 520B, 537B, 537D, 552C, 553A, 568B,
568D, 585A, 585D, 6 0 1 B , 6 1 8D, 635B,
State Rare
635C, 636A, 636B, 637D, 653B, 653C,
San Luis Obispo 654A, 654D, 671 B, 671 C, 672A, 672C,
246C 672D, 723A, 740C
Closed-cone co niferous forest (serpenti­ Broadleaved u pland forest, coastal
nite ) ; el evation 600-800 meters. prarie, coastal scrub, North Coast conif­
Pere n n i a l herb, blooms May-J u ne . erous forest / often in d i sturbed areas;
elevation 2-700 meters.
Known from only th ree occurrences o n
Cuesta Ridge i n t h e Los Padres N F. Perennial herb, blooms April-August.

Sidalcea hickmanii G reene ssp.

hickmanii
" H ickm a n 's checkerb l o o m " M alvaceae
List 18 / RED 2-1 -3
Monterey
2 9 5 B , 295C, 296A, 3 1 8C, 3 1 9A, 3 1 9 B ,
3 1 9 D, 320A
Chaparral; elevation 335-1 200 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
See Fremontia 6 ( 2 ) : 8- 1 4 ( 1 978) for d is­
cussion of Marble-Cone fire and effects.

Sidalcea hickmanii Greene ssp. Sidalcea keckii

parishii ( Rob.) C . L. H itchc.
" Parish's checkerb loom" M alvaceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-3
State Rare/Federal Candidate
Santa Barbara, San Bernard i no, San Lu is
Obispo
J
--·.

1 05 B , 1 05C, 1 0 6D, 1 67B, 1 68A, 1 93A,

1 93 B , 1 93D, 244C

Endangered in Orego n . See University of
Washington Publications in BiologJ 1 8 : 1 -96
( 1 957) for taxonomic treatment.
Sidalcea malvaeflora ss p . elegans
Considered but rejected: a synonym of 5.
malvaeflora ssp. asprella; a common taxon
Sidalcea malviflora ( DC.) Benth.
ssp. patula C . L. H itchc.
"Siskiyou checkerb loom" M a lvaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-2
Del Norte, H u m boldt; Oregon
6 3 5 B, 6 53C, 654C, 654D, 6 5 5 D, 671 C,
672A, 672C( * ? ), 740B
Coastal bluff scru b ? , coastal prarie, North
Coast con iferous forest; elevation 1 5-700
meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
May-J u ne.
Known i n California from fewer than ten
occurrences, and three i n Oregon, where
plant is candidate for state l isting. Threat­
ened by development, road mai ntenance,
and non-natives. See University ofWashing­
ton Publications in BiologJ 1 8 : 1 -96 ( 1 9 57)
for original descriptio n .
Sidalcea malviflora ( DC . ) Ben th.
ssp. purpurea H itchc.
" p u rple-ste m m ed checkerb l o o m "
Malvaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Mendocino, Mari n ? , San Mateo, Sonoma
503D, 5 1 9D, 520B?, 520D, 53 7D, 569A
Broadleaved u pland forest, coastal
prarie; elevation 1 5-65 meters.
Pere n n ial h e rb ( rh izomatous),
blooms May.
Does plant occ u r in Marin County? Need
q u ads for San M ateo County. See Univer­
sity ofWashington Publications in BiologJ
1 8 : 2 3 ( 1 9 5 7 ) for original descri pti o n .
Sidalcea neomexicana Gray
"salt spring c h eckerbloom" Malvaceae
List 2 I RED 2-2-1
Los Angeles*, Orange, Riverside, Santa
Barbara, San Bernard i no, Ventura; Ari­
zona, Baja California, Nevada, New Mex­
ico, Sonora ( M exico), Utah, and
e lsewhere
70D, 7 1 A* , 8 5 D, 8 9 D * , 1 0 2A, 1 0 7D,
1 08 C * , 1 1 1 C, 3 1 B , 1 4 1 A, 1 65A, 1 6 6A,
1 90C
C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S 273
Chaparra l , coastal scrub, lower montane Known fro m only three small occu rrences:
co n i ferous forest, Mojavean desert scrub, one i n Knights Val ley and two i n Kenwood
playas / alkal i ne, mesic; elevation Marsh. Threatened by grazing and hydro­
1 5- 1 530 meters. logical alteration, and possibly by compe­
Perennial herb, blooms March-J u ne . tition with native and non-native plants.
See Pittonia 3 : 1 5 7- 1 58 ( 1 897) for original
N e e d q uads for Santa Barbara County.
description, and University ofWashington
See University of Washington Publications in
Publications in BiologJ 1 8 : 56-58 ( 1 957) for
BiologJ 1 8 : 1 -9 6 ( 1 957) for taxonomic revised nomenclature.
treatment.
Sidalcea pedata Gray
Sidalcea oregana (T. & G . ) Gray ssp.
" b i rd-foot checkerbl o o m " M alvaceae
eximia ( Greene) H itchc.
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
"coast checkerb l o o m " Malvaceae
State Endangered/Federal
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Endangered
Del Norte, H u mboldt
San Bernardino
6 5 2 B , 653A, 654B, 655A, 6 7 1 A, 671 D,
1 05A* , 1 0 5B, 1 06A* , 1 3 1 B, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 D
672A, 686C, 688C, 740B, 740C
Mead ows and seeps ( m esic), pebble
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
(pavement) plain; elevation 1 600-2500
ows and seeps, North Coast coniferous
meters.
forest; elevation 5- 1 340 meters.
Pere n n i a l herb, blooms M ay-August.
Pere n n i a l herb, blooms J u ne-August.
Known from approximately ten occur­
Known from approxi mately ten occ u r­
rences. Seriously threatened by develop­
rences. l ntergrades with sspp. oregana and
ment, grazing, and vehicles. Protected i n
spicata. See University ofWashington Publica­
part a t Baldwin Lake E R ( DFG). See Pro­
tions in BiologJ 1 8 : 1 - 96 ( 1 957) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
ceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts and
Sciences 22 :288 ( 1 887) for origi nal descrip­
tion, and Fremontia 1 3 ( 1 ) : 2 2-23 ( 1 985)
Sidalcea oregana (T. & G . ) Gray ssp. for species account.
hydrophila ( Hel ler) H itchc.
" marsh c h eckerbl o o m " Malvaceae Sidalcea ranunculacea
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 Co nsidered but rejected : too co mmon
G l e n n , Lake, Mendocino, Napa
Sidalcea robusta Roush
5 1 6C, 5 1 7A, 533C, 534D, 564C, 5 6 5 B ,
56 5C, 5 6 5 D, 58 1 A, 5 8 1 B, 5 8 1 C , 5 8 1 0,
" B utte Cou nty checkerb l o o m " M alvaceae
582B, 5 8 2 0
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Meadows and seeps, riparian scrub I
Butte
mesic; e l evation 1 1 00-2300 meters.
576A, 576B, 577A, 5 9 2 B , 592C, 593D
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
Chaparral, cismontane wood land;
lntergrades with ssp. valida. See Muhlenber­
elevation 90-1 600 meters.
gia 1 : 1 07 ( 1 904) for original descri ption,
and University ofWashington Publications in Pere n n ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
BiologJ 1 8 : 1 -9 6 ( 1 957) for taxonomic April-J u ne.
treatment. Known fro m approximately twenty
occurrences. Possibly threate n e d by resi­
Sidalcea oregana ( N utt. ) Gray ssp. dential development and fire su ppres­
s i o n . See Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical
valida (Greene) C . L. H itchc. Garden 1 8 : 2 05-2 0 7 ( 1 9 3 1 ) for origi n a l
" Kenwood M a r s h c h eckerb l o o m " descripti o n .
Malvaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3 Sidalcea setosa ss p . setosa
Consid ered but rejected: a synonym of 5.
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered oregana ssp. spicata; a common taxon
Sonoma
50 1 A, 5 1 7B
Marshes and swamps (freshwater);
el evation 1 1 5-1 50 meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
J u ne-September.
 2 74 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Sidalcea stipularis j .T. Howel l & G.
True
"Scadden Flat checkerbloom" Malvaceae
List 1 B I RED 3-3-3
State Endangered
Nevada
541 B, 542A
Marshes and swamps ( montane freshwa­
ter); el evation 700-730 meters.
Perenn ial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
J u l y-August.
Known fro m o n ly two occurrences i n
Scadden Flat near Grass Val l ey. One
occurrence vol u ntarily protected by
landowner. Threate ned by altered
hydrol ogy, grazing, and non-native
plants. See Four Seasons 4( 4 ) : 2 0-22
( 1 974) for origi nal descri pti o n .
Silene aperta Greene
"Tu lare campion" Caryophyl l aceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Tu lare
Lower montane co niferous forest, sub­
alpine co niferous forest, upper montane
con iferous forest; el evation 1 8 00-2995
meters.
Pere n n i a l herb, blooms J u l y-August.
SeeLeaflets ofBotanical Observation
and Criticism 1 : 7 5 ( 1 904) for origi nal
descri ption, and University of Washington
Publications in Botany 1 3 :24 ( 1 947) for
taxonomic treatm ent.
Silene campanulata Wats. ssp.
campanulata
" Red M o u n ta i n catchfly" Caryo phyl laceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
State Endangered
Colusa, Mendocino, Sh asta, Tehama,
Tri n ity
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest / usually serpenti n i te, rocky;
elevation 425-2085 meters.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Threatened by m i n i ng. Protected in part
at Red Mtn. ACEC ( B LM), Mendocino
Co unty. Need q uads for Shasta and Tri n i ­
ty counties. Disti nction from ssp. glandu­
losa needs study. See Proceedings ofthe
American Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 0 :
341 -342 ( 1 875) for original descri ption,
and University ofWashington Publications in
Biolo?JI 1 3 : 22-23 ( 1 947) for taxonomic
treatment.
Silene hookeri ssp. pulverulenta
Co nsidered but rejecte d : a synonym of S.
hookeri; a com mon taxon
Silene invisa
Considered but rejected: too co mmon
Silene marmorensis Kruckeberg
" M arble Mou ntain c a m p i o n "
Caryo phyllaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
H u m boldt, Siskiyou
685B, 685D, 686A, 702C, 703A, 703B,
703C, 703D, 704A
Broadl eaved u p land forest, chaparral,
cismontane wood land, lower montane
con iferous forest; el evation 1 70- 1 2 5 0
meters.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms J u n e-August.
Need quads for H u m boldt County.
Threatened by logging. Closely related
to S. bridgesii. See Madrano 1 5 ( 6 ) : 1 72-
1 77 ( 1 960) for original descri pti o n .
Silene occidentalis Wats. ssp.
longistipitata H itchc. & Magu ire
" l o ng-stiped cam p i o n " Caryo phyl laceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Butte, Plumas, Shasta, Tehama
607A, 607B, 607C, 608D, 626C, 62 6D,
662B
Chaparra l , lower montane co n i ferous
forest, upper montane coniferous forest;
el evation 1 000-2000 meters.
Pere n n ial herb, bloomsJu ly-August.
Threatened by logging and vehicles.
Silene oregana Wats.
"Oregon ca m p i o n " Caryophyllaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1-1
Lasse n , Modoc; I d a h o , Nevada, Ore­
go n , Utah, Was h i ngton, Wyo m i ng, and
e l sewhere
640A
Great Basin scrub, su bal pine coniferous
forest; elevation 1 50 0-2500 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ly-Septem ber.
Known in California only from the Warner
Mtns. and Fredonyer Pk., Lassen Cou nty.
Need quads for Modoc Cou nty. See Pro­
ceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts and
Sciences 1 0 :343 ( 1 875) for original descrip­
tion, and University ofWashington Publications
in Biolo?JI 1 3 :29 ( 1 947) for taxonomic
treatment.
Silene suksdorfii Rob.
"Cascade al pine cam pion" Caryophyl laceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1
Shasta, Siskiyo u ; I d aho, Orego n ,
Was h i ngton
625B, 626A, 643C, 644D, 698B, 698C
Alpine boulder and rock fie l d , subal pine
co niferous forest, upper montane con i f­
erous forest / volcanic, rocky; elevatio n
2355-3 1 1 0 meters.
Peren n i al herb, blooms J u ly-September.
Known in Cal i forn ia only from Mt. Shas­
ta and Mt. Lassen . On review l ist i n
I d aho, a n d watch l ist i n Orego n . See
Madrano 34( 1 ):29-40 ( 1 987) for taxo­
nomic d i scussi o n .
Silene verecunda Wats. ssp.
verecunda
"San Francisco cam p i o n " Caryo p hyllaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Santa Cruz, San Francisco, San M ateo
408B, 408C, 408D, 409D, 429A, 448 B,
448C, 466C
Coastal bl uff scrub, chaparral, coastal
prarie, coastal scrub, valley and footh i l l
grassland / sandy; elevation 30-645
meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms March-August.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Threatened by development. See
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
and Sciences 1 0 : 344 ( 1 875) for original
descri pti o n , and University ofWashington
Publications in Biolo?JI 1 3 :4 1 -42 ( 1 947) for
taxonomic treatment.
Sisyrinchium funereum Bickn.
" Death Val l ey b l u e-eyed grass" l ridaceae
List 1 8 I RED 3-1-2
I nyo; Nevada
324A, 346D, 389C, 390A
Meadows and seeps ( a l kaline); elevation
40-9 1 5 meters.
Pere n n i al herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
February-Apri I .
Known i n California only from the Death
Val ley area. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botani­
cal Club 3 1 :387 ( 1 904) for original
descripti o n .
Sisyrinchium halophilum
Considered but rejected: too common
Smelowskia ovalis Jones var.
congesta Rol l .
" Lassen Peak s m e l owskia" Brassicaceae
List 1 B I RED 3-2-3
Shasta
625B, 626A, 643C
Alpine boulder and rock fi eld; elevation
2440-3 1 00 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-August.

Known from six occurrences on Mt.
Lassen. See Rhodora 40:302 ( 1 938) for
origi nal description.
Smilaxjamesii Wal lace
" English Peak green briar" S m i l acaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1 -3
Del Norte, Shasta, Siskiyou, Tri n ity
662B, 667A, 667B, 667C, 668A, 680C,
702B, 702C, 702D, 7 1 8C, 7 1 9C, 72 1 C
Broadleaved u p l a n d fo rest?, lower m o n ­
t a n e coniferous forest, marshes a n d
swamps (streambanks and l a k e mar­
gins), North Coast coniferous forest;
e l evati on 1 1 6 0-2500 meters.
Pere n n i a l herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
May-J u ly.
See Brittonia 31 :41 6-421 ( 1 9 79) for origi­
nal description.
Solanum clokeyi M u nz
" island n i ghtshade" Solanaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
Santa Cruz Island, Santa Rosa Island ;
Guada l u pe Island ( Mexico)
Chaparral, cismo ntane woodland,
coastal scrub; elevation 2-395 meters.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms March-J u ly.
Threatened by feral herbivores. S. xanti
complex needs taxonomic study. A syn­
onym of S. wallacei in TheJepson Manual.
Solanum tenuilobatum
Considered but rejected: a synonym of S.
xanti; a common taxon
Solanum wallacei (Gray) Parish
"Wallace's n ightshade" S o l a n aceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-2
Santa Catalina Island ; Isla Guada­
l u pe, Baja
SCTE, SCTN , SCTS
Chaparral, cismontane wood land /
rocky; elevation 3-41 0 meters.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms March-August.
Threatened by feral herbivores. Occur­
rences reported from the mainland (Santa
Barbara and San Luis Obispo counties)
need fu rther study but are probably S.
xanti. Plants from Guadalupe Island may
be distinct, perhaps at the varietal level. S.
xanti complex needs taxonomic study. See
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
and Sciences 1 1 : 9 1 ( 1 876) for original
descri ption, and Proceedings ofthe California
Academy ofSciences 1 1 1(2): 1 66 ( 1 901 ) for
revised nomenclature.
C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 275
Solanum xanti var. hoffmannii Spartina gracilis Tri n .
Considered but rejected: a synonym of S. "alkali cord grass" Poaceae
xanti; a common taxon List 4 I RED 1 -2-1
I nyo, Mono; Nevada, Orego n ; and
Solanum xanti var. obispoense elsewhere
Co nsidered but rejected : a synonym of S. Great Basin scrub, meadows and seeps,
xanti; a common taxo n marshes and swam pspecies alkal i n e ;
elevati on 1 000-2 1 00 meters.
Solidago gigantea Ait. Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
J u ne-August.
"smooth gol d e n rod" Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1 Threatened by grazing.
Modoc, Plu mas; Arizo na, Nevada, Ore­
gon, and elsewhere Spergularia canadensis ( Pers.) G.
605D, 724B, 724C Don var. occidentalis R. Rossbach
Meadows and seeps ( mesic), marshes "western sand-sp u rrey" Caryo phyl laceae
and swamps (streambanks and lake mar­ List 2 I RED 3-3-1
gi ns); elevation 1 000- 1 500 meters.
H u m boldt; Orego n , Wash i ngton , and
Pere n n ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms el sewhere
J u ly-September.
672C
Known in Cal i fornia from fewer than five
Marshes and swamps (coastal salt);
occurrences; is it more com m o n ? S i m i lar
elevatio n 0-3 meters.
to S. canadensis.
Annual herb, blooms J u ne-August.
Kn own in California o n ly from H u mboldt
Solidago guiradonis Gray Bay. See Rhodora 42 : 1 1 6 ( 1 940) for origi­
" G u i rado's gol d e n ro d " Asteraceae nal descri ption.
List 4 / RED 1-2-3
Fresno, San Benito Spermolepis echinata ( DC.) H el ler
Cismontane woodland, valley and
" bristly scaleseed" Apiaceae
footh i l l grassland / serpenti nite seeps;
List 2 / RED 3-1 - 1
el evation 600-900 meters.
San Diego; Arizo na, Baja Cal i forn ia,
Perennial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
Sonora ( Mexico), and elsewhere
September-October.
1 9A, 3 2 B , 32C
Known only from the San Ben ito Mtns.
Sonoran desert scrub (sandy or rocky);
Threatened by veh icles. Frequently con­
fused with S. confinis. See Proceedings ofthe elevation 60-1 500 meters.
American Academy ofArts and Sciences 6 : 543 Annual herb, blooms March-Apri l .
( 1 8 6 5 ) for original descripti o n . Known i n California o n l y from Bo rrego
Val l ey.
Solidago missouriensis
Considered but rejected: not in Cal i fo r­ Sphaeralcea grossulariifolia ( H . &
nia; misid entification of S. spectabilis; a A.) Ryd b. ssp. grossulariifolia
co mmon taxon
"cu rrant-leaved desert m a l low" Mal �aceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 - 1
Sparganium minimum
Lassen; I d aho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah,
See Sparganium natans
Wash i ngton, and elsewhere
602A, 620A, 620B, 620C, 6 2 0 D
Sparganium natans L. Chenopod scrub, Great Bas i n scru b / vol­
"small b u r-reed" Typhaceae canic; el evation 1 200-2 1 0 0 meters.
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1 Pere n n ial herb, blooms May-October.
El Dorado, Lassen, Placer, Plu mas, Shas­ Naturalized i n Santa Barbara Cou nty.
ta, Tuo l u m n e ; Idaho, Orego n , Wash i ng­ See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
ton , and elsewhere 40( 1 ) : 58 ( 1 9 1 3 ) for revised nomencla­
Bogs and fens, marshes and swamps ture, a n d University of California Publica­
(lake margi ns); elevation 1 645-2500 tions in Botany 1 9 ( 1 ):86-88 ( 1 9 3 5 ) for
meters. taxonomic treatment.
Pere n n ial herb ( rh izomatous, emergent),
blooms J u ly-August.
276 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Sphaeralcea munroana ( Dougl . )
Spach
" M u nroe's desert mallow" Malvaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Placer; Idaho, Nevada, Orego n , Utah ,
Wash i ngton , Wyo m i ng, and elsewhere
538B, 539A
Great Basin scrub; elevation 2000 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ne .
Known i n California o n ly from Squaw
Creek. See Proceedings ofthe American Acad­
emy ofArts and Sciences 2 2 : 2 9 2 ( 1 887) for
revised nomenclature, and University ofCal­
ifornia Publications in Botany 1 9( 1 ):83-85
( 1 93 5 ) for taxonomic treatment.
Sphaeralcea rusbyi Gray var.
eremicola (Jeps. ) Kearn .
" Rusby's desert- mal low" M alvaceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-3
I nyo, San Bernard i n o
248C, 249A, 249D, 325B, 348D
Joshua tree "wood land", Mojavean
desert scrub; elevation 975- 1 500 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ne .
Known from t e n occurrences i n Death
Val ley NP ( I nyo Co u nty) and near Clark
Mtn. (San Bernard i n o County). Threat­
ened by grazing. See Manual ofthe Flower­
ing Plants ofCalifornia, p. 635 ( 1 9 2 5 ) by
W.L. Jepson for original descripti o n .
Sphaerocarpos drewei Wigglesw.
Sphaerocarpaceae
List 18 / RED 3-3-3
Riverside, San D iego
1 1 B, 2 2 B
Chaparral, coastal scrub / openi ngs, soi l ;
elevation 90-600 meters.
Liverwort (ephemera l ) .
Need quad s for Riverside County. M uch
of the suitable historic habitat lost to
urban izatio n . See University ofCalifornia
Publications in Botany 1 6 : 1 29- 1 3 7 ( 1 929)
for original descri pti o n .
Sphaeromeria potentilloides
(Gray) A.A. H e l ler var. nitrophila
(Cro n q . ) A. H o l mgren, Sch u ltz & T.
Lowrey
" a l ka l i tan sy-sage" Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Mono, Idaho, Nevada
434A, 45 1 A, 487C, 487D, 488C
Meadows and seeps, playas / usually
alkaline; elevation 2 1 00-2400 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u n e-J u ly.
Threatened by grazing and vehicles. See
Leaflets ofWestern Botany 6:49 ( 1 950) for
original description and Brittonia 2 8 : 2 6 1
( 1 976) for revised nomenclature.
Sphagnum strictum S u l l .
S p h agnaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Fresno; and el sewhere
3 9 6A
Subalpine coniferous forest (soil, lake
margins); elevati on 2600-2800 meters.
Moss.
Known in Cal i fornia from o n ly o n e
occurrence at D i n key Lakes, S i erra NF.
Remarkably d i sj u nct from eastern U . S .
S e e Muse. Allegh. p. 49 ( 1 846 ) f o r origi­
nal descri pti o n .
Sphenopholis obtusata ( M ichx. )
Scri b n .
" p rairie wedge grass" Poaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Amador, Fresno, I nyo, Mono, Riverside,
San Bernard i no, Tu lare; and e lsewhere
1 05A, 1 07D, 284B, 395B, 41 3A, 41 6 D,
487C, 493B, 494A, 494D
Cismontane woodland, meadows and
seeps / mesic; el evation 300-2000
meters.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms April-J u ly.
Threatened by grazing and hydrological
alterations. See Rhodora 8 ( 9 2 ) : 1 3 7- 1 46
( 1 906) for d i scussion of gen us .
Stachys bergii
Considered but rej ected : a synonym of 5.
ajugoides var. rigida; a com m o n taxon
Stachys chamissonis var. cooleyae
Considered but rej ected : a synonym of S.
chamissonis; a common taxon
Stachys palustris L. s s p . pilosa
( N utt. ) Epl .
" m arsh hedge nettle" Lamiaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1
Modoc, Sh asta, Siskiyou; Arizona, Neva­
da, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Wash­
i ngton, and elsewhere
662C, 674A, 676A, 6 9 1 D, 708C, 724A,
736B
G reat Bas i n scrub ( mesic); elevation
1 200- 1 S2S meters.
Perenn ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
J u n e-August.
Stachys pycnantha
Considered but rejected: too common
Stachys stebbinsii
Considered but rejected: a synonym of S.
rigida; a common taxon
Stanleya pinnata var. inyoensis
Consid ered but rejected: a synonym of S
pinnata; a common taxon
Stanleya viridiflora T. & G.
"green-fl owered prince's p l u me"
Brassicaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Lasse n , Plumas * ; Idaho, Nevada, Ore­
gon, Utah, Wyo m i ng, and elsewhere
586C*, 620B, 63 8A, 638C, 639D
Great Basin scrub (white ash deposits);
elevation 1 3 00-1 600 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
Known in California from six occurrences
in Secret Val l ey.
Stebbinsoseris decipiens
(Cham bers) Cham bers
"Santa Cruz m i c roseris" Asteraceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-2-3
Monterey, Mari n , Santa Cruz
3 6 6 D, 408B, 408C, 409D, 467A
B roadleaved u p land forest, closed-cone
coniferous forest, chaparral, coastal
prarie, coastal scrub, valley and footh i l l
grassland / open areas, sometimes ser­
pentin ite; elevation 1 0-500 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-May.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Threatened by grazing. USFWS
uses the name Microseris decipiens. See
Contributions from the Dudley Herbarium
4:29 0-2 9 1 ( 1 9 5 5 ) for origi nal descrip­
tion, and American journal ofBotany
7 8 ( 8 ) : 1 0 1 5-1 0 2 7 ( 1 9 9 1 ) for revised
nomenclature.
Stellaria littoral is Torrey
"beach starwort" Caryo p hyl l aceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
H u mboldt, Mendoci n o * , Mari n , San
Francisco, Sonoma
Bogs and fens, coastal bl uff scrub,
coastal d u nes, coastal scrub, marshes
and swam ps; elevation 5-40 meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
March-J u ly.
Threatened by grazing, tra m pl i n g, and
non-native plants. See Report of the Pacific
Railroad Expedition 4:69 ( 1 857) for origi­
nal descri ption.

Stellaria longifolia Wi l l d .
" l o n g-leaved starwort" Caryophyllaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Butte, Shasta; Arizona, New Mexico, Ore­
gon, Washi ngton, and elsewhere
607C, 608D, 662B
Meadows and seeps ( mesic), riparian
wood land; e levation 900- 1 830 meters.
Pere n n ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
May-J u ly.
Known in Cal ifornia only from three
occurrences.
Stellaria obtusa Enge l m .
"obtuse starwort"
Caryo phyllaceae
List 4 I RED 1 -1-1
Butte, Glenn, H u m boldt, Lassen , Plumas,
Shasta, Sierra, Tehama, Tuo l u m ne; Idaho,
Oregon , Wash i ngton, and elsewhere
Lower montane coniferous forest, riparian
woodland, u pper montane coniferous for­
est I mesic; elevation 1 S0-2 1 3 S meters.
Pere n n ial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
May-October.
Stemodia durantifolia ( L. ) Sw.
" pu rple stem o d i a " Scro p h u lariaceae
List 2 / RED 3-3-1
Rivers i d e * , San Diego; Arizo na, Baja Cal i ­
forn ia, Sonora ( Mexico), Texas, and else­
where
l OA, l O B, l OC, 1 0 0, l l A, 1 1 D, 22C*,
22D, 33C, 35C* , 66A* , 82C*, 83D*
Sonoran desert scrub (often mesic,
sandy); elevation 1 80-300 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms Janu ary­
December.
Very few recent collections; needs field
study. Threatened by development.
Stenotus lanuginosus (Gray)
Greene
"woolly ste notus" Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Lassen , Modoc; Idaho, Oregon, Wash­
i ngton , and el sewhere
641 A, 64 1 B, 659A, 659B, 65 9C, 65 9D,
674C, 67SA, 676D, 726B, 727A
Great Bas i n scrub, p i nyon and j u n i per
woodland / gravelly loam; el evation
1 500-1 840 meters.
Pere n n ia l herb, blooms M ay-J u ly.
Known in California from fewer than
twenty occurrences. See Botany ofthe
Wilkes Exploratory Expedition 1 7:347 ( 1 874)
for original descri ption, and Carnegie Insti­
tution ofWashington Publication 389 : 1 7 1
( 1 928) for additional i nformation.
C N P S I N V E N T O RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS
Stephanomeria blairii M u nz &Jtn . 1
" B lair's ste p h a n o meria" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
San Clemente Island
SCMC, SCM N , SCMS
Coastal b l uff scrub, coastal scru b /
rocky; elevation 2S-4SS meters.
Shrub, bloo m s J u ly-September.
Feral herbivores removed from San
Clemente Island, and vegetation recover­
i ng. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
S l : 3 0 1 ( 1 924) for origi nal descri pti o n .
Stephanomeria paniculata
Co nsidered but rejected : too com m o n
Stipa arida
See Achnatherum aridum
Stipa diegoensis
See Achnatherum diegoense
Stipa latiglumis
Considered but rejected: too co m m o n ; a
synonym of Achnatherum latiglumis
Stipa lemmonii var. pubescens
See Achnatherum lemmonii var. pubescens
Stipa lettermanii
Considered but rejected: too com m o n ; a
synonym of Achnatherum lettermanii
Stipa scribneri
Co nsidered but rejected: not in Cal i for­
n ia; material misidentified
Stipa stillmanii
Co nsidered but rejected: too com m o n ; a
synonym of Achnatherum sti//manii
Streptanthus albidus Greene ssp.
albidus
" M etcalf Canyon jewel-fl ower" Brassicaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3
Federal Endangered
Santa Clara
406A* , 406 B, 406D, 407A* , 407B,
426C, 427D
Val l ey and footh i l l grassland (serpenti­
nite); el evation 45-800 meters.
Ann ual h e rb, blooms April-J u ly.
277
Known from approximately ten occur­
rences. Threatened by residential develop­
ment, road construction, and veh icles. See
Pittonia 1 :62 ( 1 887) for original descrip­
tion, Madroflo 1 4(7) : 2 1 7-227 ( 1 958) for
taxonomic treatment, and Systematic Botany
1 9( 4):SS7-S74 ( 1 994) for d i scussion of S.
glandulosus complex.
Streptanthus albidus Greene ssp.
peramoenus (Greene) Krucke berg
" m ost beautifu l jewel -flower" Brassicaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Alameda, Contra Costa, Monterey,
Santa Clara
29SC, 296A, 296D, 386A, 406A, 406B,
406D, 407A, 407B, 446C, 446D, 464B,
464C? , 465B, 46SC, 46SD, 466A
Chaparral, cismontane wood land, valley
and footh i l l grassland / serpe ntin ite;
elevation 1 20- 1 000 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u n e .
H i storical occurrences n e e d fi e l d sur­
veys. Threatened by development and
grazing. S i m i lar plants from Mo nterey
and San Luis Obispo cou nties are l i kely
S. glandulosus ssp. glandulosus, but fu rther
study needed.
Streptanthus barbatus
Co nsidered but rejected : too co mmon
Streptanthus barbiger Greene
" bearded jewel-flower" Brassicaceae
List 4 I RED 1 -2-3
Lake, Mendoc i n o, Napa, Sonoma,
Tehama
Chaparral (serpentinite); elevati on
1 S0- 1 0 70 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Variable; intergrades with S. batrachopus
and 5. breweri. See Pittonia 1 : 2 1 7 ( 1 888)
for original descri pti o n .
Streptanthus batrachopus
Morrison
"Tamal pais j ewel-flower" Brassicaceae
List 1 B / RED 3 - 1 -3
Mari n
467A, 467B
Closed-cone coniferous forest, chaparral /
serpenti nite; elevation 30S-6SO meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne .
Known from fewer t h a n t e n occurrences
in the Mt. Tamal pais area. Sim ilar plants
from the southern North Coast Ranges
may be an u ndescribed new taxon . I nter­
grades with 5. barbiger.
278 C N P S I N V E N TO RY OF R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N TS

Streptanthus bernardinus (Greene) Streptanthus callistus Morrison Streptanthus farnsworthianus J .T.

Parish
" Lagu na Mou ntai ns jewel-flower"
Brassicaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3
Riverside, San Bernard ino, San Diego;
Baja Cal iforn ia?
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest; elevation 670-2500 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-J u ly.
Does plant occur in Baja Cal iforn i a ?
Streptanthus brachiatus F.W.
H offm . ssp. brachiatus
"Socrates M i n e jewel-flower" Brassicaceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-3
Napa, Sonoma
5 1 7A, 534D
Closed-cone con i ferous forest, chaparral /
serpentinite; elevation 545-1 000 m eters.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms May-J u ne .
Known from fewer t h a n ten occurrences.
Plants from Lake County ( 5 1 7B, S33C)
are more appropriately assigned to S.
brachiatus ssp. hoffmanii. Possibly th reat­
ened by alteration of fire regi mes. See
Madroiio 3 6 ( 1 ) : 3 6 ( 1 989) for revised
nomenclature.
" Mt. H a m i lton j ewel-fl ower" Brassicaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
Santa Clara
406A, 425C, 426D
Chaparral, cismo ntane woodland;
elevation 600-790 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms April-May.
Known from approximately five occur­
rences in the Mt. Hami lton Range. See
Madroiio 4(7):205 ( 1 938) for original
descripti o n .
Streptanthus campestris Wats.
"south ern jewel-fl ower" Brassicaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1-2
Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego;
Baja California
8A, 8B, 8C, 9A, 1 9C, 20D, 32C, 3 2 D,
3 3 D, 48A, 65C, 83C, 1 0 5 B
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest, pi nyon and j u n i per woodland /
rocky; elevation 900-2300 meters.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Known in California from fewer than
twenty occurrences. See Proceedings ofthe
American Academy ofArts and Sciences 2 5 : 1 2 5
( 1 890) for original description.
Howel l
"Farnsworth 's jewel -flower" Brassicaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Fresno, Kern, Madera, Tu lare
Cismontane woodland; elevation
400- 1 400 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u ne .
See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 1 0( 1 1 ) :
1 8 2- 1 83 ( 1 9 65) for original descripti on.
Streptanthus fenestratus (Greene)
J .T. Howe l l
"Te h i pite Va l l ey j ewel -flower" Brassicaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2 - 1 -3
Fresno
374B, 374C, 374D, 3 75A, 375C, 375D
Lower montane co niferous forest, upper
montane coniferous forest; elevation
1 0 65- 1 750 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u l y.
Known from fewer than twenty occ u r­
rences. See Leaflets of Botanical Observation
and Criticism 1 :86 ( 1 904) for original
descri ption, and Leaflets ofWestern Botany
9 ( 1 2 ) : 1 84- 1 8 5 ( 1 96 1 ) for taxonomic
treatment.

Streptanthus glandulosus H ook.

Streptanthus brachiatus F.W.
H offm . ssp. hoffmanii Dolan
& LaPre
"Freed's j ewel-flower" Brassicaceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-3
Lake, Sonoma
5 1 7B, 5 1 8A, 533C
Chaparral, cismontane wood land /
serpenti nite; elevati on 490-1 22 0 meters.
Pere n n i al herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Known from approximately ten occur­
rences. See Madroiio 3 6 ( 1 ) : 3 6 ( 1 989) for
original descri ption.
Streptanthus breweri Gray var.
hesperidis Ueps.) J eps.
"green jewel-flower" Brassicaceae
List 18 / RED 2-2-3
Lake, Napa
500A, 5 1 6A, 5 1 6B, 5 1 6C, 5 1 6 D, 5 1 7A,
532C, 532D, 533A, 533C, 533D
Chaparral (openi ngs), cismontane wood­
land / serpentinite, rocky; elevation
1 3 0-760 meters.
Annual herb, bl ooms May-J u ly.
Threatened by m i n i ng. See Erythea 1 : 1 4
( 1 893) for original description , and Flora
ofCalifornia 2 : 3 3 ( 1 9 3 6 ) by W.L. Jepson
for revised nomenclature.
Streptanthus cordatus N utt. var. ssp. pulchellus (Greene) Kruckeberg
piutensis J .T. Howe l l
" M t . Tamalpais jewel-flower" Brassicaceae
" Pi ute M o u n tai n s j ewel-flower" List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Brassicaceae
Mari n
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
467A, 467B, 484C, 484D
Kern
Chaparra l , valley and footh i l l grassland /
2 1 1 B, 2 1 2A, 260C, 2 6 1 D
serpentin ite; elevation 1 50-800 meters.
Broadl eaved u p land forest, closed-cone
Ann ual herb, blooms May-J u ly.
coniferous forest, pi nyon and j u n i per
woodland / clay or metamorphic; Kn own only from the Mt. Tamalpais
area. Threatened by tram p l i ng and non­
el evation 1 095-1 735 meters.
native plants. See Systematic Botany 1 9( 4 ):
Pere n nial herb, blooms May-J u l y.
557-574 ( 1 994) for d iscussion ofS. glan­
Known from approximately te n occur­ dulosus complex.
rences. See Leaflets of Western Botany 1 0 : 3 1
( 1 963) for origi nal descri pti o n .
Streptanthus glandulosus Hook.
var. hoffmanii Kruckeberg
Streptanthus drepanoides
"secu n d jewel-flower" Brassicaceae
Kruckeberg & Morrison
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
"sickle-fruit jewel-fl ower" Brassicaceae
Sonoma
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
503B, 5 1 9A, 5 1 9B, 5 1 9C, 5 1 9 D
Butte, Gle n n , Lake, Mendocino, Shasta,
Chaparral, cismontane woo d l a n d , valley
Te hama, Tri nity
and footh i l l grassland (often serpenti­
Chaparral, cismontane wood land, lower
nite) / rocky; elevation 1 2 0-475 meters.
montane con i ferous forest / serpentin ite;
Annual herb, blooms March-J u l y.
elevation 275- 1 6 60 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms Apri l-J u ne .
S e e Madroiio 30( 4 ) : 2 3 0-244 ( 1 983) for
original description, a n d Fremontia
1 4( 2 ) : 1 9 ( 1 9 86) for species account.

H i storical occurrences need fi eld surveys.
See S. glandulosus ssp. secundus in TheJepson
Manual. See Madrano 1 4( 7 ) : 2 2 3 ( 1 958)
for original description, and Systematic
Botany 1 9 ( 4 ) : 5 57-574 ( 1 994) for d iscus­
sion of S. glandulosus co m p lex.
Streptanthus gracilis Eastw.
" a l p i n e jewel-flower" Brassicaceae
List 1 8 / RED 2-1-3
Fresno, I nyo, Tu lare
3 5 2 B , 3 52C, 353A, 3 5 3 D, 373B, 373C,
3 730, 3 74C, 3740
Subal p i n e co niferous forest, u pper mon­
tane co niferous forest / gra n itic, rocky;
elevation 2800-3500 meters.
Annual herb, blooms J uly-August.
See Proceedings ofthe California Academy
ofSciences 1 1 1 ( 2 ) : 2 8 5 ( 1 9 0 2 ) for original
descri pti o n .
Streptanthus hispidus Gray
" Mt . Diablo jewel -flower" Brassicaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1 -3
Contra Costa
464B, 464C
Chaparra l , valley and footh i l l grassland /
rocky; elevation 365- 1 2 00 meters.
Annual herb, blooms March-J u ne .
Known from fewer t h a n fifteen occur­
rences in the Mt. Diablo area.
Streptanthus howellii Wats.
" H owe l l 's jewel-fl ower" Brassicaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-2
Del Norte; Oregon
739B, 739C, 740A, 740B, 740C
Lower montane coniferous forest (serpen­
tin ite, rocky); elevation 305-1 500 meters.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
Threatened by m i n i ng. Can d i d ate for
state l isti n g i n Orego n . See Proceedings of
the American Academy ofArts and Sciences
20:353 ( 1 885) for original descri ption .
Streptanthus insignis jeps. ssp.
lyonii Kruckeberg & Morrison
"Arburu a Ranch jewel-flower" Brassicaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Merced
383C, 384A, 3840
Coastal scrub (sometimes serpentinite);
elevation 230-855 meters.
An nual herb, blooms March-May.
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Known from fewer than ten occurrences,
where not often reported recently. Threat­
ened by grazing, and potentially by reser­
voi r construction. See Madrano 30( 4 ) :
230-244 ( 1 985) for origi nal descripti on.
Streptanthus morrisonii
Considered but rejected: see Streptanthus
morrisonii sspp. elatus, hirtiflorus, krucke­
bergii, and morrisonii
See Streptanthus morrisonii sspp
Streptanthus morrisonii F.W.
H offm . ssp. elatus F.W. H offm .
"Three Peaks j ewel-fl ower" Brassicaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Lake, Napa, Sonoma
5 1 6B, 5 1 7A, 5 1 7B, 5 1 9C, 5 1 9 D, 532C,
5 3 2 0, 533 0
Chaparral (serpentin ite); elevation
90-8 1 5 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-Septem ber.
Threatened by herbivory. See Streptanthus
morrisonii in TheJepson Manual. See Madrano
1 1 ( 6 ):228 ( 1 952) for original descri ption
and 36(1 ):33-40 ( 1 989) for additional
i nformation.
Streptanthus morrisonii F.W.
Hoffm . ssp. hirtiflorus F.W. Hoffm .
" Dorr's Cabi n jewel-flower" Brassicaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Sonoma
5 1 9C, 5 1 9 0
Chaparral, closed-cone co n i ferous forest /
serpentinite; elevation 1 85-820 meters.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms J u ne .
Known from o n l y two s m a l l occu rrences i n
The Cedars. See Streptanthus morrisonii i n
TheJepson Manual. See Madrano 1 1 ( 6):228
( 1 952) for original description and 36(1 ):
33-40 ( 1 989) for additional information.
Streptanthus morrisonii F.W.
Hoffm . ssp. kruckebergii Dolan
& LaPre
" Kruckeberg's j ewel-flower" Brassicaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Lake, Napa, Sonoma
5 1 7B, 532C, 5 3 2 D, 533C, 534D
Cismontane wood land (serpenti n ite);
elevation 2 1 5-1 035 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ly.
Possibly th reatened by gold m i n i ng activi­
ties. See
Streptanthus morrisonii in TheJep­
son Manual. See Madrano 3 6 ( 1 ):38 ( 1 989)
for original description.
2 79
Streptanthus morrisonii F.W.
Hoffm . ssp. morrisonii
" M orri s o n ' s jewel-flower" Brassicaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Sonoma
5 1 9C, 5 1 9 0
Chaparral (serpentin ite, rocky, talus);
elevation 1 2 0-585 meters.
Pere n nial herb, blooms May-September.
See Streptanthus morrisonii in TheJepson
Manual. See Madrano 1 1 ( 6 ) : 225 ( 1 9 5 2 )
fo r original description and 3 6 ( 1 ) : 33-40
( 1 989) for additional i nformation.
Streptanthus niger Greene
"Tiburon jewel-fl ower" Brassicaceae
List 1 8 I RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Mari n
466B
Val ley and footh i l l grassland (serpenti­
n ite); elevation 30- 1 50 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-J u n e .
Known from o n l y three occurrences o n the
Tiburon Pen i nsula. Threatened by road
construction, foot traffic, and develop­
ment. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club
1 3 : 1 41 ( 1 886) for original descri ption,
Madrano 1 4(7): 2 1 7-227 ( 1 958) for taxo­
nomic treatment, and Systematic Botany
1 9( 4):557-574 ( 1 994) for discussion ofS.
glandulosus complex.
Streptanthus oliganthus Rol l .
" M aso n i c M ou n tain j ewel-flower"
Brassicaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
I nyo, Mono; Nevada
41 2C, 469B, 470C, 487A, 487B, 487C,
487D, 488A, 488 B
Pinyo n and j u n i per wood land (volcanic
or granitic, rocky); elevation 1 980-3050
meters.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms J u n e-J u ly.
Known in Cal i fo rn i a from fewer than
twenty occurrences. Th reatened by m i n ­
i ng, grazing, a n d ve h i cles. On watch l i st
in Nevada. See Contributions from the Dud­
ley Herbarium 3 : 3 7 2 ( 1 946) for origi nal
descriptio n .
Streptanthus tortuosus var.
suffrutescens
Considered but rejected: too common
Stylocline amphibola
See Micropus amphibolus
280 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Stylocline citroleum Morefield
"oil neststraw" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Kern, San Diego*
2 1 6A, 2 1 6B, 239A*, 2 3 9 B * , 241 C,
241 D, 242C*, 242D
Chenopod scrub, coastal scru b?, valley
and foothill grassland / clay; elevation
5 0-400 meters.
Annual herb, b l ooms March-Apri l .
Known fro m approximately ten occur­
rences in the area of East Elk H i l ls. Need
historical quads for San Diego Cou nty.
Possibly threatened by energy develop­
ment and urban izatio n . See Madrano
3 9 ( 2 ) : 1 23 ( 1 992) for original descri ption.
Stylocline intertexta
Considered but rejected : too common
Stylocline masonii Morefield
" M ason's n eststraw" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Kern, Los Angeles, Monterey, San Lu is
Obispo
1 3 6 B , 240 B , 240D, 245D, 260A, 260B,
2 6 8 D, 2 9 2 D, 294C, 2 9 5 D
Chenopod scrub, pi nyon a n d j u n i per
wood lan d / sandy; el evation 1 00- 1 200
meters.
Annual herb, b looms March-May.
Co l lected only once ( 1 9 9 1 ) si nce 1 97 1 ;
need status of occurrences. Most of
known sites su rveyed unsuccessfu l l y i n
1 989. Threatened b y development and
habitat d isturbance. See Madrano 3 9 ( 2 ) :
1 1 7 ( 1 992) for origi nal description and
43(3 ):434-435 ( 1 9 9 6 ) for i nformation
o n recent collection.
Stylocline micropoides
Co nsidered but rejected: too common
Stylocline sonorensis Wiggi ns
" m esq u i te n eststraw" Asteraceae
List 1 A
Riverside( * ? ) ; Arizona, Sonora ( M exico)
62B(*?)
Sonoran desert scrub (sandy); elevation
425 meters.
Annual herb, blooms Apri l .
Known i n California from only a single
collection ( 1 930) at Hayfields Dry Lake.
Possibly extirpated after 1 930 by devel­
opm ent. See Contributions from the Dudley
Herbarium 4 : 2 6 ( 1 9 50) for original
descri ption, and Madrano 35(3 ): 279
( 1 988) for the Cal i forn ia record .
Stylomecon heterophylla
Considered but rejected: too common
Suaeda californica Wats.
" Ca l i fornia sea b l i te"
Chenopodiaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Federal Endangered
Alameda*, Santa Clara*, San Luis Obispo
247B*, 247D, 428A* , 447B*, 466A*
Marshes and swamps (coastal salt);
elevation 0-5 meters.
Shrub ( evergreen ), blooms J u ly-October.
Formerly known from San Francisco Bay
area, where extirpated by develop ment;
now extant only in Morro Bay. Remains
from adobe bricks i n d icate plant may
once have occu rred along the Peta l u m a
River, Sonoma Cou nty ( 484A). Threat­
ened by recreation, erosi o n , and alter­
ation of marsh habitat. Often confused
with S. esteraa and S. taxifolia in southern
Cal i forn ia, but does not occ u r there.
Suaeda esteroa Ferren & Whitmore
"estuary sea b l ite" C h en o pod iaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
Los Angeles, Orange, Santa Barbara * ,
S a n Diego, Ventura; Baja California
1 1 A, 1 1 B, 1 1 D, 22B, 22C, 3 6 D, 7 1 B,
72A, 73A, 1 1 4D, 1 43A*
Marshes and swamps (coastal salt);
el evation 0-5 meters.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms May-October.
Potentially threatened by deve lopment
and recreation. See Madrano 3 0 ( 3 ) :
1 8 1 - 1 90 ( 1 983) for original description.
Suaeda occidentalis Wars.
"western seab l ite" Chenopodiaceae
List 2 / RED 2- 1 - 1
Lassen, Modoc?; Idaho, Nevada, Ore­
gon, Utah, Wash i ngton, Wyom ing, and
elsewhere
620C, 6 2 1 D, 690D?
Great Basin scrub ( a l kaline, mesic);
elevation 1 2 00- 1 5 00 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms J u ly-Septe m ber.
Does plant occ u r in Modoc County? A
synonym of S. calceoliformis in TheJepson
Manual. See Proceedings ofthe American
Academy ofArts and Sciences 9 : 90 ( 1 874)
for original descri pti o n .
Suaeda taxifolia (Sta n d l . ) Stan d l .
"woo l ly seab l ite" Ch e n opod iaceae
List 4 I RED 1 -2-1
Anacapa Island , Los Angeles, Orange,
Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara Isl and ,
San Clemente I s l a n d , Santa Cata l i n a
I s l an d , Santa Cruz Island , San Diego,
San L u i s O b i spo, San N i co l as I s l a n d ,
Santa Rosa I s l a n d , Ve ntura; Baja Cal i ­
forn ia, Guad a l u pe Island ( Mexico)
Coastal bluff scrub, coastal d u nes,
marshes and swamps ( m a rgins of coastal
salt); elevation 0-50 meters.
Shrub ( evergreen ), blooms Jan uary­
December.
See North American Flora 21 : 9 1 ( 1 9 1 6) for
original descri pti o n .
Swallenia alexandrae (Swa l l . )
Soderstrom & Decker
" Eu reka Valley d u n e grass" Poaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
State Rare/Federal Endangered
I nyo
390B, 3 9 0C, 3 9 1 A, 3 9 1 D
Desert d u nes; elevati on 850- 1 2 80
meters.
Peren nial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
Apri l-J u ne .
Known o n l y from d u nes i n Eureka Val l ey,
within Death Val ley N P. Habitat previous­
ly degraded by vertical traffic; popula­
tions recovering wel l , but sti l l threatened
by vertical trespass and recreati o n . See
journal ofthe Washington Academy ofSci­
ences 40( 1 ) : 1 9-2 1 ( 1 9 5 0 ) for origi nal
descri pt i o n , Madrano 1 7( 3 ) : 88 ( 1 9 63 )
for revised nomenclature, and Biological
Conservation 46 : 2 1 7-242 ( 1 9 8 8 ) for pop­
u l ation b i o l ogy.
Swertia albomarginata (Wats . )
Ku ntze
"d esert green-gentian" Gentianaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
I nyo, San Bernard i n o ; Arizona, Nevada,
New Mexico, Utah, and elsewhere
Pi nyon and j u n i per wood land ( rocky or
gravelly); elevati on 13 70-23 1 5 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
See Botany ofthe King Exploration, p. 280
( 1 871 ) for original descri ption, and Amer­
ican Midland Naturalist 2 1 : 1 2 ( 1 9 9 1 ) for
taxonomic treatment.
Swertia fastigiata
See Swertia umpquaensis

Swertia neglecta Hall U eps. )
" p i n e green-gentian" Genti anaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Kern, Los Angeles, San Bernard i no,
Ve ntura
Lower m o ntane con i ferous forest, p i ny­
on and j u n i per wood l a n d , upper mon­
tane coniferous forest; e l evation 1 400-
2 SOO meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J uly.
Swertia umpquaensis ( Peck &
Appelg. ) St. J o h n
" U m pq u a green-gentia n " Gentia naceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Tri nity; Oregon
632B, 632C, 633D
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest, meadows and seeps, North Coast
coniferous forest; elevation 1 5 5 5- 1 900
meters.
Pere n n ia l herb, blooms J u ne-J u ly.
Known in California from fewer than ten
occurrences in the Pickett Pk. area of
South Fork Mtn. A synonym of S. fastigiata
i n The Jepson Manual. See Madrano 6: 1 2
( 1 941 ) for original descri ption, and
American Midland Naturalist 2 6 : 1 4 ( 1 941 )
for revised nomenclature.
Synthyris missurica ( Raf. ) Pen n .
ssp. missurica
"kitten-tails" Scro p h u lariaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1
Lasse n , Modoc; Idaho, Oregon , Wash­
i ngton , and elsewhere
673A, 673B, 690B, 690C, 707C, 708A,
708D, 724C
Lower montane con iferous forest, sub­
alpine co niferous forest, upper montane
co niferous forest; elevation 2000-2500
meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
J u n e-J u ly.
Known i n Cal i forn i a o n ly from the Warn­
er Mtns. See Proceedings ofthe Academy of
Natural Sciences ofPhiladelphia 8 5 :89
( 1 93 3 ) for revised nomenclature.
Synthyris reniformis var. cordata
Considered but rejected: a synonym of S
reniformis; a common taxon
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Syntrichopappus lemmonii
( G ray) Gray
" Lem m o n 's syntrichopappus" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Kern, Los Angeles, Monterey, Riverside,
San Bernard i n o
Chaparral, J o s h u a tree "wood land", pi ny­
on and j u n i per woodland / sandy or grav­
elly; elevation 520- 1 83 0 meters.
An nual herb, blooms April-M ay.
Systenotheca vortriedei ( Bdg. ) Rev.
& Hard ham
"Vortriede's s p i n eflower" Polygonaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Monterey, San Lu is Obispo
Chaparra l , c i smontane wood land
(sandy o r serpenti n ite); e l evation
5 2 0 - 1 600 meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-September.
See Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 2 : 1 69-
1 90 ( 1 978) for taxonomic revision, and
Phytologia 66(2) :83-88 ( 1 989) for revised
nomenclature.
Tanacetum camphoratum
Considered but rejected: too co mmon
Tanacetum douglasii
Considered but rejected: a synonym of T
camphoratum; a common taxon
Taraxacum califomicum M u nz
&Jtn .
"Ca l i fo rnia d a n d e l i o n " Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
Federal Endangered
San Bernard i n o
1 04B, 1 05A, 1 05 B , 1 0 5 D, 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 D
Meadows and seeps ( m esic); el evation
1 620-2800 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-August.
Known from approxi mately twenty occur­
rences in the San Bernard i n o Mtns. Seri­
ously threatened by development, grazing
and trampling, vehicles, recreation, and
hybridization with non-native T officinale.
See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 5 2 :
227-228 ( 1 9 2 5 ) for original descri ption.
Tauschia glauca (Cou lt. & Rose)
Math. & Const.
"glaucous tauschia" Apiaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -1
Del Norte, H u m boldt, Tri n ity; Oregon
281
Lower montane coniferous forest (gravelly,
serpentin ite ); elevation 80- 1 700 m eters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u n e .
SeeContributions from the U.S. National
Herbarium 3 : 3 2 1 ( 1 8 9 5 ) for original
descri ptio n .
Tauschia howellii (Cou lt. & Rose)
Macbr.
" H owe l l 's tausc h i a " Apiaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-2
Siskiyou; Oregon
702B, 703D, 72 1 A
Subalpine coniferous forest, upper mon­
tane coniferous forest / granitic, gravel ly;
elevation 1 705-2500 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u n e-August.
Known i n Californ i a from o n ly four
occurrences. Can d idate for state l isting
in Oregon . See Contributions from the Gray
Herbarium 56:32 ( 1 9 1 8 ) for revi sed
nomenclature.
Taxus brevifolia
Co nsidered but rejected: too common
Tayloria lingulata ( Dicks.) Li n d b.
Splac h n aceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Fresno; a n d elsewhere
397D
Lower montane co niferous forest (soi l ) ;
elevation 1 500 meters.
Moss.
Known in California from only one occur­
rence on the Sierra NF. Genus generally
o n d u ng or other h igh n itrogen sub­
strates. See Pl. Crypt. Brit. 4:4 ( 1 80 1 ) for
original description and Musci Scad. p. 1 9
( 1 879) for revised nomenclature.
Tetracoccus d ioicus Parry
" Parry's tetracoccus" E u p h orbiaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-2
Orange, Riverside, San Diego; Baja
Cal i fornia
7B, 9 D, 1 0A, 1 0 B, 1 0C, 2 1 A, 2 1 D, 34D,
3 5 B , 50A, 50B, 50D, 5 1 A, 69C, 70D
Chaparral, coastal scrub; elevation
1 65-1 000 meters.
Shru b (deciduous), blooms April-May.
Th reatened by agricu lture and develop­
ment. See West American Scientist 1 : 1 3
( 1 885) for origi nal descri ption, and
Rhodora 5 6 : 5 0-5 2 ( 1 954) for taxonomic
treatm ent.
282 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y OF RA R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS

Tetracoccus hallii Bdg.
" H al l ' s tetracoccus" E u ph orbi aceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
I m perial, Riverside, San Bernard i n o ; Ari­
zona, Baja California
Mojavean desert scrub, Sonoran desert
scrub; elevation 3 0- 1 200 meters.
Shru b (deci duous), blooms
Jan uary- May.
See Zoe 5 ( 1 1 ) : 2 2 9 ( 1 906) for original
description, and Rhodora 5 6 : 5 7- 60
( 1 954) for taxonomic treatment.
Tetracoccus ilicifolius Cov. &
G i l man
" h o l ly-leaved tetracoccus" Eup h o rbiaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1-3
I nyo
3 2 5D, 368C, 368D, 369C
Mojavean desert scrub (carbonate,
rocky) ; elevati on 600- 1 830 meters.
S h ru b (deciduous), blooms May-J u ne.
Known from fewer than ten occurrences i n
Death Valley N M . See Rhodora 56:
52-54 ( 1 954) for taxonomic treatment.
Tetradymia argyraea M u nz & Roos
"striped horsebru s h "
List 4 / RED 1-1-1
Riverside, San Bernard i no; Arizona
Pi nyon and j u n i per wood l and ( rocky);
elevati on 1 400-2230 meters.
Shru b (deci d uous), blooms
August-September.
See Aliso 2 ( 3 ) : 2 3 7 ( 1 950) for original
descri pti o n .
Tetradymia canescens
Co nsidered but rejected : too co mmon
Tetradymia comosa
Considered but rejected: too common
Tetradymia spinosa
Co nsidered but rejected: too common
Tetradymia stenolepis
Co nsidered but rejected: too co mmon
Tetradymia tetrameres ( Blake)
Strother
" d u n e h o rsebrus h "
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Mono; Nevada
451 C, 469C, 469D, 470D
G reat Bas i n scrub (sandy); elevation
1 200-2 1 35 meters.
Shrub, blooms August.
SeeProceedings ofthe Biological Society of
Washington 3 5 : 1 76 ( 1 9 2 2 ) for original
description, and Brittonia 2 6 : 1 9 2 ( 1 974)
for revised nomenclature.
Teucrium glandulosum Kel l .
"sticky germander" La m iaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
San Bernard i n o ; Arizona, Baja Cal i forn ia,
Sonora ( M exico )
1 2 0C, 1 2 1 D
Sonoran desert scrub ( rocky); el evation
400-500 meters.
Perennial herb (stoloniferous), blooms
April-May.
Known in California only from the Whip­
ple Mtns. Need field su rveys. See Proceed­
ings ofthe California Academy ofSciences 2 : 23
( 1 860) for original descri ption, and Brit­
tonia 5 ( 5 ) : 5 0 6-507 ( 1 946) for taxonomic
treatment.
Thalictrum alpinum L.
"arctic meadow-rue" Ran u n c u l aceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
Asteraceae I nyo, Mono; I d aho, Nevada, New Mexico,
Oregon, Utah, Wyoming, and elsewhere
Alpine boulder and rock field, meadows
and seeps, marshes and swamps (edges) /
mesic; elevation 2805-3700 meters.
Pere n n ial herb (stoloniferous), blooms
J u ly-August.
Thalictrum occidentale
Considered but rejected: too common
Thelypodium brachycarpum Torr.
"short-podded thelypod i u m " Brassicaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
Colusa, Lake, Lassen , Napa, Shasta, Sis­
kiyou, Tri nity; Oregon
Chaparral, meadows and seeps / serpen­
tinite, adobe, alkaline; elevation
670-2560 meters.
Pere n n ial herb, bl ooms May-August.
End angered in Oregon. See Contributions
from the Gray Herbarium 204: 9 1 -9 6
( 1 973) for taxonomic treatm ent.
Thelypodium flexuosum
Asteraceae Considered but rejected: too common
Thelypodium howellii Wats. ssp.
howellii
" H owell's thelypod i u m " Brassicaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
Lasse n , Modoc, Shasta; Orego n * ,
Was h i ngton*
656A, 65 6C, 660A, 660D, 677A, 677C,
678D, 693A
Great Basin scrub, meadows and seeps
(alkal i n e ) ; el evation 1 2 00- 1 830 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Known in California from fewer than
twenty occurrences. Endangered i n Ore­
gon. See Proceedings ofthe American Acade­
my ofArts and Sciences 2 1 :445 ( 1 886) for
original description, and Contributions
from the Gray Herbarium 204: 1 1 5-1 1 6
( 1 9 73) for taxo nomic treatm ent.
Thelypodium integrifolium (T. &
G . ) Endl ssp. complanatum Al­
Sheh baz
"foxtai l thelypod i u m " Brassicaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
I nyo, Lassen, Mono; Nevada, Oregon,
Utah
3 72B, 3 9 3 D, 41 0C, 41 2A, 41 2C, 4 1 3A,
41 3 B , 41 3 D, 432C, 433C, 470C, 638D
Great Basin scrub, meadows and seeps /
alkaline or subalkal ine, mesic; el evation
1 1 00-2500 meters.
Annual/perenn ial herb, blooms
J u n e-October.
Threatened by graz i ng and hydrologic
alterat i o n . See Contributions from the
Gray Herbarium 204: 1 0 5 ( 1 9 7 3 ) for
origi nal descri ptio n , and Great Basin
Naturalist 3 5 ( 4 ) : 342 ( 1 9 7 5 ) for revised
nom enclature.
Thelypodium jaegeri
See Caulostraminajaegeri
Thelypodium milleflorum A. Nels.
"many-flowered thelypod i u m " Brassicaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Lassen , Mono, Modoc, Plu mas, Sierra?;
I d aho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Wash i ng­
to n , and elsewhere
4690, 470A, 4700, 602A, 602B, 6020,
620B, 620C, 62 1 A, 62 1 C, 62 1 0, 690D,
707A, 707B, 7070
Chenopod scrub, Great Basin scrub
(sandy); elevati on 1 2 20-2500 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-J u ne .

Does plant occur in Sierra Cou nty? Need
q u ads fo r Plu mas Co unty. Threatened by
agriculture and sand m i n i ng. See Botani­
cal Gazette 5 2 ( 1 ) : 263 ( 1 9 1 1 ) for original
descri ption, and Contributions from the
Gray Herbarium 204:88-90 ( 1 9 73 ) for
taxonomic treatment.
Thelypodium stenopetalum Wats.
"slender-petaled thelypod i u m " Brassicaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
San Bernard ino
1 05A, 1 05 B , 1 3 1 C, 1 3 1 D
Meadows and seeps ( m esic, alkaline);
elevation 1 600-2500 meters.
Peren n i al herb, blooms May-August.
Known from eight occurrences. Seriously
th reate ned by grazing, vehicles, and
urban izatio n . Protected in part at Bald­
win Lake ER ( DFG). See Proceedings ofthe
American Academy ofArts and Sciences 2 2 :
468 ( 1 887) for original description, Con­
tributions from the Gray Herbarium 204:
1 1 4-1 1 5 ( 1 9 73) for taxonomic treat­
ment, and Fremontia 1 3 ( 1 ) : 2 2-23 ( 1 98 5 )
for species account.
Thelypteris puberula ( Baker) C.
Morton var. sonorensis A . R. Sm ith
"Sonoran m a i d e n fern" Thelypteridaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Los Angeles, Riversi de, Santa Barbara,
San Bernard i n o ; Arizona, Baja Cal iforn ia,
Sonora ( M exico)
48B, 49A, 6 5 D, 83D, 1 06 B , 1 09B, 1 1 0A,
1 1 3C, 1 1 3 D, 1 42A, 1 42 B , 1 43A, 1 44A,
1 44B, 1 94A
Mead ows and seeps (seeps and strea ms);
elevation 50-6 1 0 meters.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), fertile
Jan uary-September.
See University of California Publications
in Botany 5 9 : 9 1 ( 1 9 7 1 ) fo r original
descri pt i o n .
Thermopsis argentata
See Thermopsis californica var. argentata
Thermopsis califomica Wats. var.
argentata (Greene) Chen & Turner
" s i l very false l u pi n e " Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Lassen , Los Angeles, Modoc, Santa Bar­
bara, Shasta, Siskiyo u , Ventura
Lower m o ntane coniferous forest, pi ny­
on and j u n i pe r woo d l a n d ; e l evation
900- 1 5 9 5 meters.
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N TS
Perenn ial herb ( rhizomato us), blooms
April-J u ly.
See T macrophylla var. argentata in TheJep­
son Manual.
Thermopsis califomica Wats. var.
semota Ueps. ) Chen & Tu rner
"velvety false l u p i n e " Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
San Diego
1 9 B , 1 9C, 20A, 33C, 3 3 D, 34A
Cismontane wood land, lower montane
con i ferous forest, meadows and seeps,
valley and footh i l l grassland; elevation
1 0 3 5- 1 8 70 meters.
Pere n n ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
March-J u ne .
Threatened b y grazing, tram pli ng, a n d
recreatio n . See T macrophylla var. semota i n
TheJepson Manual; USFWS uses th is name.
Thermopsis gracilis
See Thermopsis gracilis var. gracilis
Thermopsis gracilis Howe l l var.
gracilis
"slender false l u pine" Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -1
Del Norte, H u m boldt, Shasta, Siskiyou,
Tri n ity; Oregon
Chaparra l , cismontane woodland, lower
montane co niferous forest, meadows
and seeps, North Coast coniferous for­
est; el evation 1 00-1 3 70 meters.
Perenn ial herb (rhizomatous), blooms
March-J u ly.
A synonym ofT macrophylla var. venosa
i n TheJepson Manual. See Erythea 1 : 1 09
( 1 893) for original descri ption, and Annals
ofthe Missouri Botanical Garden 81 (3): 7 1 4-
742 ( 1 994) for taxonomic treatment.
Thermopsis macrophylla H. & A.
"Santa Ynez false l u p i ne" Fabaceae
List 18 / RED 3-1-3
State Rare
Santa Barbara
1 42B, 1 67B, 1 68C, 1 68D, 1 69D
Chaparral (sandy, granitic, d i sturbed
areas); elevation 425-1 400 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
April-J u n e .
Known from fewer than fifteen occur­
rences. Threatened by fi re supressi o n .
Equals T macrophylla var. agnina; USFWS
uses this name. See T macrophylla var.
macrophylla in TheJepson Manual.
283
Thermopsis macrophylla var.
agnma
See Thermopsis macrophylla
Thermopsis macrophylla var.
argentata
See Thermopsis californica var. argentata
Thermopsis macrophylla var.
semota
See Thermopsis californica var. semota
Thermopsis robusta H owell
"robust false l u pi n e " Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Del Norte, H u m boldt, Siskiyou
6 7 1 A, 687B, 703 B, 704A, 704B, 704C,
704D, 705A, 705D, 72 1 C
Broadl eaved upland forest, North Coast
coniferous forest; e l evation 1 50- 1 500
meters.
Pere n n ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
May-J u ly.
Most collections are 3 5-40 years o l d .
Potentially threatened b y logging. N o t i n
TheJepson Manual; a synonym ofT macro­
phylla var. macrophylla i n A California Flora
( 1 9 5 9 ) by P. M u nz. See Erythea 1 : 1 09
( 1 893) for original description.
Thlaspi californicum Wats.
" Kneeland Prairie pen nycress" Brassicaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Federal Endangered
H u m boldt
653B
Coastal prarie (serpentinite); e levation
760-8 1 5 meters.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms May-J u ne .
Known from one occurrence a t Kneeland
Prairie; other reported occu rrences are
m is- identified T montanum. Potentially
th reatened by road maintenance and air­
port expansion; voluntarily protected by
landowner. See Proceedings ofthe American
Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 7:365 ( 1 882)
for original descri ptio n , and Memoirs of
the New York Botanical Garden 2 1 ( 2 ) : 80-8 1
( 1 9 7 1 ) for revised nomenclature.
Thlaspi montanum var.
califomicum
See Thlaspi californicum
284 C N P S I N V E N T O R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS

Thysanocarpus conchuliferus See Madrofio 21 ( 8 ) : 53 5 ( 1 9 7 2 ) for first Townsendia leptotes (Gray)

Greene California occurrence, and Phytologia
Osterh .
68( 2 ) : 1 44- 1 55 ( 1 9 90) for revised
"Santa Cruz Is l and fringepod" Brassicaceae nomenclature. "slender townse n d i a " Asteraceae
List 18 / RED 3-2-3 List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Federal Endangered Tonestus peirsonii ( Keck) G. Nesom Mono; Arizona, I daho, Nevada, New
Santa Cruz Island Mexico, Utah, Wyo m i ng, and elsewhere
& R. Morgan
SCZA, SCZB, SCZC 43 1 C
" Pe i rson 's tonestus" Asteraceae
Chaparral , cismontane woodland / Alpine boulder and rock fie l d ; elevation
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
rocky; elevation 45-655 meters. 3355-3 8 1 0 meters.
Fresno, I nyo, Mono
Annual herb, blooms March- May. Perennial herb, bloom s J u ly-August.
Alpine boulder and rock fi eld, subalpi ne
Known from fewer than fifteen occur­ Known in California from the White and
coniferous forest ( rocky) / granitic;
rences; no plants present in 1 993 or 1 994 I nyo mou ntains. Rare i n Nevada. See
el evation 2900-3700 meters.
su rveys, and only one known extant occur­ Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u l y-August. and Sciences 1 6 : 8 5 ( 1 880) for original
rence in 1 995. Threatened by grazing, feral
herbivores, and non-native plants. See Madrofio 5 ( 5 ) : 1 69 ( 1 940) for original descri pti o n , Muhlenbergia 4:69 ( 1 908) for
descriptio n , and Phytologia 68(3 ): 1 78 revised nomenclature, and Great Basin
( 1 9 90) for revised nomenclature. Naturalist 3 0 ( 1 ) : 3 8-3 9 ( 1 970) for taxo­
Tiarella trifoliata L. var. trifoliata nomic treatm ent.
"trifoliate laceflower" Saxifragaceae Tortella alpicola Dix.
List 3 / RED ?-?-1
Pottiaceae
Townsendia parryi D.C. Eat.
H u m boldt, Tri n ity; Oregon, and elsewhere
List 2 / RED 3-1-1 " Parry's town sen d i a " Asteraceae
671 A , 6 7 1 B, 6 7 1 D List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Lake; a n d el sewhere
Lower montane coniferous forest?, North Mono; Orego n , Was h i ngto n , and else­
564B, 565A
Coast coniferous forest; el evation 1 500 where
meters. Cismontane woodl and (volcanic, rock);
488A
el evation 1 40 0 meters.
Pere n n i al herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
Alpine bou lder and rock fi e l d ; elevation
June. Moss.
3000-3500 meters.
Move t o List 2 ? Locati o n , rarity, a n d Known in Cal i fo rn i a from only a few
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-August.
e n d angerment i n formation need ed, occurrences i n the Low Gap area, Men­
especi ally q uads for Tri n ity Cou nty. docino NF. See Ann. Bryol. 3 : 54 ( 1 929) Known i n California only from the Sweet­
l ntergrades with var. u n i fo l i ata. See for original description. water Mtns. End angered in Orego n .
Madrofio 1 8 ( 5 ) : 1 52- 1 60 ( 1 9 6 6 ) for
additional i nformation . Tortula californica Bartr. Tracyina rostrata Blake
Pottiaceae " beaked tracyi na" Asteraceae
Tiarella trifoliata var. unifoliata List 18 / RED 2-2-3 List 18 / RED 3-2-3
Considered but rejected : too co mmon Kern, Riverside H u m boldt, Lake, Mendoci no, Sonoma

69A, 239B 535A, 535C, 549C, 550D, 6 1 6A, 6 1 6 B ,

Tonestus eximius ( H a l l ) Nels. & Chenopod scrub, valley and footh i l l grass­
6 1 60
Macbr. land / sandy, so i l ; elevation 1 0- 1 00 Ci smontane woodland, valley and footh i l l
meters. grassland; el evation 90-520 meters.
"Tahoe tonestus" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1 Moss. Annual herb, blooms May-J u n e.
Alpine, E l Dorado, I nyo; Nevada See The Bryologist 48: 90-92 ( 1 945) for Known from fewer than fifteen occur­
original descri pti o n . rences. Many occurrences not seen recent­
Subalpine co n i ferous forest (granitic);
ly; needs field work. Th reatened by grazing
elevation 2500-3300 meters.
and non-native plants.
Perennial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms Townsendia condensata D.C.
J u ly-August. Eaton
See Phytologia 6 8 ( 2 ) : 1 44- 1 55 ( 1 990) for
Tragia ramosa Torr.
"cushion townsendia" Asteraceae
revised nomenclature. "d esert tragia " E u p h o rbiaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -1
M o n o ; I d a h o , Utah, Wyo m i ng; a n d
Tonestus lyallii (Gray) G. Nesom e l sewhere Riverside, San Bernard i no ; Arizona,
Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Utah, and
" Lyal l ' s tonestus" Asteraceae 431 C, 470A, 487D, 488A, 488B
el sewhere
List 2 / RED 3-1-1 Alpine boulder and rock fi eld, subalpine
Chenopod scrub, pi nyon and j u n i per
Siskiyou, Tri n ity; Orego n , and elsewhere coniferous forest (gravel ly); elevati on
woodland / rocky; el evation 900- 1 8 60
2865-3675 meters.
667B, 668A, 6850 meters.
Peren nial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
Alpine boulder and rock fie l d ; elevation Perennial herb, blooms April-May.
2500-2700 meters. See American Naturalist 8:21 3 ( 1 874) for See Rhodora 6 9 : 2 8 1 -286 ( 1 967) for taxo­
original descri ptio n .
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms nomic treatm ent.
J u ly-August.

Trichocoronis wrightii (T. & G . )
Gray var. wrightii
"Wright's trichocoro n is" Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 3-3-1
Colusa*, Merced, Riverside, San
Joaq u i n * , Sutter*; Texas, and elsewhere
S4B, SSA, SSC, SSD, 402B, 403 0 * ,
4 6 2 D * , S30A* , S44C* , S4S B * , S4SC*,
S 4 S D * , S46 D *
Meadows and seeps, marshes a n d
swamps, riparian scrub, vernal pools /
alkal i n e ; elevation S-43S meters.
Annual herb, blooms May-September.
Nearly extirpated in the Central Valley.
Habitat lost to agriculture and urban iza­
tion. Confusion persists, but plant is
probably native to Cal ifornia. Rare in
Texas; perhaps more common i n north­
ern Mexico. Perhaps best treated as a fu l l
species d istinct from Texas plants.
Trichodon cylindricus ( H edw. )
Sch i m p.
Ditric haceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
H u m boldt, Lake, Mendocino, Shasta;
Idaho, Orego n , and elsewhere
S S 1 C, S S 2 D, 6S2A, 6S9C
Broadl eaved u pland forest, u pper
montane coniferous forest / sandy,
exposed soi l , road banks; elevation
S0-1 SOO meters.
Moss.
See Spec. Muse. p. 1 0 7 (1 S 0 1 ) for original
description, and CorRoll p. 3 6 (1 S56) for
revi sed nomenclature.
Trichostema austromontanum ssp.
austromontanum
Co nsidered but rejected: too common
Trichostema austromontanum
Lewis ssp. compactum Lewis
" H idden Lake b l u ec u rls" Lamiaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Federal Threatened
Riverside
S3C
U pper montane co n i ferous forest (sea­
sonally submerged lake m argi ns);
elevation 2400-26SO meters.
An nual herb, bloom s J u ly-September.
Known only from one occurrence at H id­
den Lake in the San Jacinto Mtns. Threat­
ened by recreational activities. See Brittonia
S:2SS ( 1 94S) for original description.
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S
Trichostema lanatum
Considered but rejected: too common
Trichostema micranthum Gray
"small-flowered b l u ec u rls" Lam iaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -1 - 1
Riverside, San Bernard i no; Baja California
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps / mesic; elevation
1 S 2 S-2300 meters.
An nual herb, bloo m s J u ne-September.
See Synoptical Flora ofNorth America 2 ( 1 ):
34S ( 1 S7S) for original description.
Trichostema ovatum Curran
"San Joaq u i n b l uecu rls" La m i aceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Fresno, Kings, Kern, Tu lare
Chenopod scrub, valley and footh i l l
grassland ; el evation 6S-3 2 0 meters.
An nual herb, bloom s J u ly-October.
Trichostema rubisepalum Elmer
" H ernandez b l u ec u rls" La m i aceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Mariposa, Napa, San Benito, Tuol u m n e
Broad leaved u pland forest, chaparral, cis­
montane wood land, lower montane co nif­
erous forest, vernal pools / volcan ic or
serpentinite, gravelly; elevation 300-1 000
meters.
Annual herb, blooms J u n e-August.
Tridens pilosus
See Erioneuron pilosum
Trientalis arctica Hook.
"arctic starflower" Prim u laceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Del Norte; Idaho, Orego n , and elsewhere
723B, 740C
Bogs and fens, meadows and seeps /
coastal ; el evation 0-1 S meters.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms J u n e-J u ly.
Known in Cal i forn ia from only three
occurrences. Th reate ned by cattle graz­
i ng and trampli ng. Sen sitive in I d aho.
See Leaflets ofWestern Botany 1 0 : 3 3 3
( 1 9 6 6 ) for first California record s.
Trifolium amoenum Greene
"sh owy I n d i an clover" Fabaceae
List 1 B I RED 3-3-3
Federal Endangered
Alameda*, Mendoc i n o * , Mari n , Napa*,
Santa Clara*, Solano* , Sonoma( * ? )
285
4060*, 44SA*, 466B*, 467B*, 4S3A*,
4S4B*, 4SSC*, 4SS D * , 49SC*, SOOD*,
S 0 1 A* , S0 1 B* , S 0 1 C*, S02A* , S 0 2 B * ,
S 0 2 C , S03A( * ? ) , S 6 7 B * , S67D*
Coastal b l u ff scrub, valley and footh i l l
grassland (sometimes serpentinite);
elevation S-41 S meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne .
Red iscovered i n 1 993 b y P . Con ners near
Occidental; only one plant fou n d , and
su bsequent su rveys i n 1 994- 1 99S u nsuc­
cessfu l . Occurrence ( S02C) d i scovered i n
1 99 6 . H i storical habitat lost to urban iza­
tion and agriculture. See Flora Franciscana,
p. 2 7 ( 1 S 9 1 ) by E. Greene for original
descri pti o n , and Fremontia 2 2 ( 2 ) :3-7
( 1 994) for accou n t of redi scovery.
Trifolium andersonii ssp. beatleyae
Considered but rejected: a synonym of T
andersonii var. beatleyae; a common taxon
Trifolium andersonii Gray var.
andersonii
"An derson's cl over" Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 - 1
I nyo?, Lassen, Modoc, Plu mas, Shasta,
Si erra; Nevada, Oregon
Great Basin scrub, lower montane co nif­
erous forest, meadows and seeps, p i nyon
and j u n iper wood land; elevation
900-2440 meters.
Perennial herb, bl ooms J u ne-J u ly.
Does plant occ u r in I nyo Cou nty? See
Proceedings ofthe American Academy of
Arts and Sciences 6 : S 2 2 ( 1 S 6 S ) for origi­
nal descri ptio n , and Canadian journal of
Botany 5 0 ( 1 0 ) : 1 9 9 6- 1 997 ( 1 9 7 2 ) for
taxo n o m i c treatment.
Trifolium bolanderi Gray
" Bo l a n d e r's clover" Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Fresno, Madera, Mariposa
376A, 3 95 B, 395C, 3 9 6 D, 41 7A, 4 1 7B,
41 SA, 41 SC, 436D, 437A, 43 7B
Lower m o ntane coni ferous forest,
mead ows and seeps, u pper m o ntane
con i ferous forest / mesic; elevation
207S-2 6 0 0 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ne-August.
Threatened by grazing and tra m p l i ng,
and possibly threatened by logging. See
Proceedings ofthe American Academy ofArts
and Sciences 7:335 ( 1 S6S) for original
descri pti on, and Madrano 40(3 ): 1 6 6- 1 73
( 1 9 9 3 ) for ecological d iscussion.
286 C N P S I N V E N TORY OF R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS
Trifolium buckwestiorum lsely
"Santa Cruz c l over" Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Monterey, Santa Cruz, Sonoma
365B, 3 6 6 D, 38 7E, 407D, 408C, 408D,
4090, 5 0 2 0, 5 1 9 0
Broadleaved u pland forest, cismontane
woodland, coastal prariendangered mar­
gins; elevatio n 1 05-6 1 0 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-October.
Known from about ten very small occur­
rences; only one fu lly protected , others
threatened by land clearing and non­
native plants. See Madroiio 3 9 ( 2 ) : 9 0
( 1 9 9 2 ) for original descriptio n .
Trifolium dedeckerae G i llett
" DeDecker's clover" Fabaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1 -3
I nyo, Kern, Mono, Tu lare
283D, 3 06A, 307D, 329A, 3 2 9D, 3 5 2A,
373D, 41 2A, 431 C, 43 1 D, 488A, 488 B
Lower montane coniferous forest, p i ny­
on and j u n i pe r woodland, subalpine
con i ferous forest, u pper montane con i f­
erous forest / gran itic, rocky; elevation
2 1 00-3 500 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Known from fewer than twenty occur­
rences. Possibly th reatened by m i n i ng
and grazing. A synonym of T macilentum
var. dedeckerae i n TheJepson Manual. See
Madroiio 2 1 ( 7 ):451 -455 ( 1 9 7 2 ) for origi­
nal descriptio n .
Trifolium depauperatum Desv var.
hydrophilum (Greene) lsely
"sal i n e cl over" Fabaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Alameda, Co lusa?, Monterey, Napa, San
Benito, Santa Clara, San Lu is Obispo,
San Mateo, Solano, Sonoma
246C, 385B, 385C, 386A, 386C, 387D,
445 B, 446A, 448D, 465C, 466D, 48 1 B,
483B, 498C, 499D, 500D*, 5 0 1 B, 502A*,
502B, 5 1 7D
Marshes and swamps, valley and footh i l l
grassland ( mesic, alka l i n e ) , vernal pools;
elevati on 0-300 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne .
M a n y sites l i kely extirpated; n e e d current
i nformation o n rarity and endangerment.
Need q u ads for Colusa County. Threat­
ened by develop ment. See Manual ofthe
Botany ofthe Region ofSan Francisco Bay,
p. 1 00 ( 1 894) for original descri pti o n ,
and Brittonia 3 2 ( 1 ) : 5 5 ( 1 980) for revised
nomenclature.
Trifolium gracilentum T & G var.
palmeri (Wats. ) L.F. McDermott
"southern island c lover" Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-2
Anacapa Island, Santa Barbara Island,
San Clemente Island, Santa Catal i n a
Island, S a n N icolas Islan d ; Guadalupe
Island ( M exico)
Coastal bl uff scrub, valley and footh i l l
grassl and; elevation 1 0- 1 80 meters.
Ann ual herb, blooms March-May.
Rediscovered on Santa Catalina and
San Nicolas islands in 1 978. Known on
Anacapa Island. from one small occur­
rence discovered in 1 996. SeeProceedings of
the American Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 1 :
1 05-1 48 ( 1 876) for original description.
Trifolium grayi
Considered but rejected: a synonym of T
barbigerum var. andrewsii; a common taxon
Trifolium gymnocarpon N utt. var.
plummerae (Wats. ) Marti n
" Pl u m m er's clover" Fabaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1-1
Lassen, Modoc, Sierra?; Arizo na, I d aho,
Nevada, New Mexico, Orego n , Utah ,
Wyom i ng, and elsewhere
656A, 657B, 65 7C, 657D
Great Basin scrub, p i nyon and j u n i per
woodland; elevation 1 500-1 920 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u n e.
Does plant occur i n Si erra County? See
Botany ofCalifornia 2 :440 ( 1 880) for origi­
nal descri ption, Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botan­
ical Club 73( 4) : 3 6 8 ( 1 946) for revised
nomenclature, and Canadianjournal of
Botany 50( 1 0) : 1 9 94- 1 995 ( 1 972) for tax­
onomic treatment.
Trifolium howellii Wats.
" H owe l l 's clover" Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -1
Del Norte, H u m boldt, Siskiyou; Oregon
Lower montane coniferous forest, mead­
ows and seeps, upper montane coniferous
forest / mesic; elevation 800-1 800 meters.
Pere n n i al herb, blooms J u ne-August.
Trifolium jokerstii Vi ncent & R.
Morgan
" Butte County go l d e n cl over" Fabaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-3
Butte
575C, 576C, 576D
Val ley and footh i l l grassland (mesic), ver­
nal pools; el evation 50-3 8 5 meters.
An nual herb, blooms April-M ay.
Known from o n l y seven occurrences.
Not in TheJepson Manual. See Novon 8 : 9 1
( 1 998) for origi nal descri pti o n .
Trifolium lemmonii Wats.
" Le m m o n 's clover" Fabaceae
List 4 / RED 2-2-2
Nevada, Plu mas, Sierra; Nevada
Great Basin scrub, lower montane con i f­
erous forest; elevation 1 5 00- 1 830 meters.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Threatened by development and agricul­
tural conversion. See Proceedings ofthe
American Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 1 :
1 2 7 ( 1 876) for original description, Cana­
dianjournal ofBotany 50: 1 975-2007 ( 1 972)
for taxonomic treatment, and Four Seasons
4:22-23 ( 1 974) for discussion ofrediscov­
ery ( 1 972).
Trifolium macilentum var.
dedeckerae
See Trifolium dedeckerae
Trifolium monoense
Co nsidered but rejected: too common; a
synonym of T andersonii var. beatleyae
Trifolium palmeri
See Trifolium gracilentum var. palmeri
Trifolium polyodon Greene
" Pacific G rove c l over" Fabaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-3-3
State Rare
Monterey
366C, 3 6 6 0
Closed-cone co niferous forest, coastal
prarie, mead ows and seeps, valley and
footh i l l grassland / mesic; elevation
5-1 20 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u n e.
Known from seven occurrences on the
Monterey and Pt. Lobos Pe n i n s u l as .
Seriously threatened b y u rban ization,
recreati o n , foot traffic, and tram p l i ng.
A synonym ofT variegatum ( p hase 4) i n
TheJepson Manual, b u t appears t o b e d i s­
tinct. See Pittonia 3 : 2 1 5 ( 1 8 9 7 ) for origi­
nal descri pti o n .

Trifolium trichocalyx H eller
" M o nterey cl over" Fabaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal
Endangered
Mo nterey
3 66C
Closed-cone co niferous forest (sandy,
openi ngs, bu rned areas); elevation
30-240 meters.
Annual herb, blooms April-J u ne .
Known from only one occurrence from
the central portion of the Monterey
Pen i nsula. Fewer than 1 000 plants seen
in 1 987, none i n 1 9 92, and only 2 2 i n
1 9 95. Seriously threatened by u rban iza­
tion and altered fire regi mes. Possible
hybri d . Appears to be a fire follower. See
Muhlenbergia 1 :55 ( 1 904) for original
descri pti o n .
Triglochin palustris L.
" m arsh arrow-grass" Ju ncagi naceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Inyo, Mono, Tulare; Idaho, N evada, New
Mexico, Utah, Washi ngto n , and elsewhere
330A, 3 3 1 A, 3 5 2A, 4 1 4B
Meadows and seeps, marshes a n d
swamps (freshwater), subal pine conifer­
ous forest / mesic; elevation 2 2 85-3700
meters.
Perenni al herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
J u ly-August.
Known in California from fewer than ten
occurrences.
Triglochin striata
Co nsidered but rejected: too co mmon
Trillium kurabayashii
Co nsidered but rejected : a synonym of T
angustipetalum; a common taxon
Trillium ovatum Purs h . ssp.
oettingeri M u nz & Thorne
"Salmon M o u ntai n s wakero b i n " Li liaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Shasta, Siskiyou, Tri nity
Lower montane co niferous forest, ripari­
an scrub, u pper montane coniferous for­
est I mesic; el evation 855-2000 meters.
Perenni al herb, blooms February-J u ly.
Logging and grazing may th reaten o n
private land i n eastern part of range.
Klamath NF h as adopted species man­
agement gu i d e l i nes. See Aliso 8: 1 5- 1 7
( 1 9 73 ) for origi nal descri pti o n .
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Trillium rivale
Considered but rejected: too co mmon
Trimorpha acris ( L.) S. F. Gray var.
debilis (Gray) G. Nesom
" n o rthern d a i sy" Asteraceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1
Lassen, P l u m as, Shasta, Siskiyo u ; Ore­
gon, Wash i ngton, and el sewhere
625A, 6 2 5 B , 626A, 642C, 643C, 698B,
713D
Al p i n e boulder and rock fi e l d , meadows
and seeps, s u balpine con iferous forest /
volcanic, rocky; elevation 1 830-2900
meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u ly-August.
See Synoptical Flora ofNorth America 1 ( 2 ) :
2 2 0 ( 1 884) for origi nal description, a n d
Phytologia 67( 1 ) : 6 1 -66 ( 1 989) for taxo­
nomic treatment.
Triphysaria floribunda ( Benth . )
Ch uang & Heckard
"San Francisco owl's-clover"
Scro p h u lariaceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
Mari n , San Francisco, San Mateo
448 B, 448C, 466C, 485A, 485B, 485C,
485D, 502C
Coastal prarie, coastal scrub, valley and
footh i l l grassland / usually serpenti n ite;
el evati o n 1 0- 1 60 meters.
An nual herb, blooms April-J u n e .
Threatened b y grazing a n d trampli ng. See
Systematic Botany 1 6( 4): 644-666 ( 1 9 9 1 )
for revised nomenclature.
Triphysaria versicolor ssp.
faucibarbara
Considered but rejected: too common
Tripterocalyx crux-maltae ( Kel l . )
Stan d i .
" Kel l ogg's san d -verben a " Nyctaginaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Lassen; Nevada
602A, 620D
Great Basin scrub (partially or fu lly stabi­
lized sand d u nes); elevati on 1 200- 1 500
meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
287
Known in Cal i forn i a from only two occur­
rences i n Honey Lake Valley. See Proceed­
ings ofthe California Academy ofSciences 2 : 7 1
( 1 863) for original descri ption, Contribu­
tions from the U.S. National Herbarium 1 2 :
328 ( 1 909) for revised nomenclature, and
Brittonia 27( 4 ):328-347 ( 1 9 75) for taxo­
n o m ic treatm ent
Tripterocalyx micranthus (Torr. )
Hook.
"smal l-A owered sand-verbena"
Nyctaginaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1 -1
S a n Bernard ino; Arizona, Idaho, Nevada,
New Mexico, Wyoming, and elsewhere
1 76 B , 1 77A
Desert d u n es, Mojavean desert scrub
(sandy); elevatio n 550-855 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms April-May.
Known in California only from near Kelso.
Possibly threatened by grazing. See Britto­
nia 27( 4): 3 2 8-347 ( 1 975) for taxonomic
treatment.
Triquetrella californica ( Lesq . )
Grout
Pottiaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-2-2
Contra Costa, Mendoci n o, San Diego,
San Francisco; Oregon
2 1 B, 464C, 466C, 585D
Coastal b l u ff scrub, coastal scrub / soi I;
elevati on 1 0- 1 00 meters.
Moss.
Known in Cal i forn ia from fewer than ten
small coastal occurrences, and in in Ore­
gon from only one occurrence. Threat­
ened by u rbanizatio n . See Mem. Calif
Acad. 1 : 3 0 ( 1 868) for origi nal descrip­
tion, and Moss. Fl. N.A. 3 : 2 0 1 ( 1 934) fo r
revised n omenclat u re.
Triteleia clementina Hoov.
"San Clem ente I s l a n d triteleia" Li l iaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-2-3
San Clemente Island
SCMC, SCMS
Val ley and footh i l l grassland (rocky);
el evation 1 00-445 meters.
Perennial herb ( b u l b ifero us), blooms
March-Apri l .
Known from fewer than twenty occ u r­
rences. Feral herb ivores removed from
San Clemente Island, a n d vegetation
recovering.
288 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S

Triteleia crocea (A.W. Wood)
Green e var. crocea
"ye l l ow triteleia"
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -2
Del Norte, Shasta, Siskiyo u , Tri n ity;
O regon
Lower montane coniferous forest
(gran itic or serpenti nite); elevation
1 2 00-2000 meters.
Perenn ial herb ( b u l bi ferous), blooms
May-J u n e.
On watch list i n Orego n .
Triteleia crocea (A.W. Wood )
Peren nial herb ( b u l bifero us), blooms
M ay-J u ly.
Not in TheJepson Manual. See Pittonia
Lil iaceae
1 : 1 64 ( 1 888) for original description.
Triteleia ixioides (Wats. ) Greene
ssp. cookii ( Hoov. ) Lenz
"Cook's triteleia"
List 1 8 / RED 2-1-3
Monterey, San Luis Obispo
270B, 270C, 2 7 1 A, 272A, 296D
Closed-cone co niferous forest, cismon­
tane woodland / serpenti n ite seeps;
elevation 1 5 0-500 meters.
Butte, Fresno*, G l e n n , Madera*,
Merced, Shasta, San Joaq u i n * , Stanis­
laus*, Tehama, Tu lare*
333A* , 378C*, 378D*, 400B, 4000*,
420C, 42 1 A, 421 D, 44 1 A* , 44 1 B* ,
441 C*, 442A* , 460B*, 460C*, 560B,
562B, 576B, 593B, 594A, 66 1 C
Vernal pools; e levation 3 0- 1 070 meters.
Li l i aceae
An nual herb, blooms M ay-September.
Threatened by agriculture, urbanizati on,
and overgrazing. See Botanical Gazette
1 6 : 1 46 ( 1 89 1 ) for original description,
and Americanjournal ofBotany 69: 1 082-
1 095 ( 1 982) for taxonomic treatment.

Greene var. modesta ( H a l l ) Hoov. Perenn ial herb ( b u l b ifero us), blooms Tuctoria mucronata (Cram pt.) J .
May-J u n e . Reeder
"Tri n i ty M o u ntai n s triteleia" Li l i aceae
S e e Aliso 8 ( 8 ) : 2 73 ( 1 975) for revised
List 4 / RED 1 -1 -3 "Crampto n 's tuctoria o r Solano grass"
nomenclature.
Sh asta, Siskiyou, Tri nity Poaceae

Lower montane coniferous forest (ser­

List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
penti n ite); elevation 1 2 00-2000 meters.
Triteleia lugens G reene State Endangered/Federal
Pere n n ial herb ( b u l b iferous), blooms " d ark- mouthed triteleia" Li l iaceae Endangered
May-J u n e. List 4 I RED 1 - 1 -3 Solano, Yo lo

Known only from the Tri n ity Mtns. Lake, Monte rey, Napa, San Benito, 497B, 498D
Solano, Sonoma Val ley and footh i l l grassland ( m esic), ver­
Broadleaved upland forest, chaparral, nal pools; el evation 5-1 0 meters.
Triteleia dudleyi
lower montane co niferous fo rest; Annual herb, blooms April-August.
Considered but rejected : too common
el evation 1 00- 1 00 0 meters.
Known from only three occurrences: one
Perennial herb ( b u l b i ferous), blooms at Olcott Lake at Jepson Prairie Preserve,
Triteleia gracilis April-J u n e . one nearby on private land, and one
Consid ered but rejected: too c o m m o n ; Related to T ixioides; needs fu rther study. south of Davis o n DOD land. Only fou r
a synonym of T montana See Bulletin ofthe California Academy ofSci­ plants found a t Jepson Prairie i n 1 9 93,
ences 2(6): 1 42 ( 1 886) for original descrip­ and none i n 1 994-1 996, 1 9 98, 2000.
Triteleia grandiflora Li n d i . ssp. tion, and American Midland Naturalist 25: Possibly threatened by non-native plants.
87-88 ( 1 941 ) for taxonomic treatment. See Madrano 1 5 ( 4): 1 06- 1 08 ( 1 9 59) for
howellii (Wats. ) Hoov.
o riginal description, and Americanjournal
" H owe l l ' s triteleia" Li l i aceae ofBotany 69: 1 082- 1 095 ( 1 9 8 2 ) for
List 2 / RED 3-3-1
Triteleia versicolor revised taxo nomy.
Considered but rejected: a steri l e hybrid
Modoc, Siskiyou; Oregon, Wash i ngton ,
of T ixiodes ssp. ixiodes and T hyacinthina
a n d el sewhere Twisselmannia californica
677A, 7 1 1 B, 730A, 732B, 732C Al-Sheh baz
Tropidocarpum capparideum
Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and j u n i per
Greene " Ki n gs go l d " Brassicaceae
woodland; elevation 700- 1 5 00 meters.
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
Pere n n ial herb ( b u l b iferous), blooms "caper-fruited tropidocarp u m " Brassicaceae
Ki ngs
April -J u ne . List 1A
290D
Known i n Cal i forn ia from o n l y three Alameda * , Contra Costa* , G l e n n * ,
occurrences. Threatened by p i p e l i n e Mo nterey* , Santa Clara*, S a n Joaq u i n * Chenopod scrub; elevation 65 m eters.
con structi o n . S e e
Proceedings ofthe Ameri­ 3 1 8C*, 4 2 8 B * , 4 2 8 D * , 444B*, 445A*, Annual herb, blooms March.
can Academy ofArts and Sciences 1 4: 3 0 1 445 B * , 463A*, 463C*, 463 D * , 464B*, Known from only one occurrence near
( 1 8 7 9 ) for origi nal descri ption, a n d 578C* Kettleman City; fewer than 5 0 p lants as
American Midland Naturalist 2 5 : 8 0 ( 1 94 1 ) Val l ey and footh i l l grassland ( a l ka l i n e of 1 99 9 . Not in TheJepson Manual. Threat­
for revised nomen clature. ened by development. See Navan 9 (2 ) : 1 33
h i lls); elevation 1 -455 meters.
( 1 999) for origi nal descri pti o n .
Ann ual herb, blooms March-Apri l .
Triteleia hendersonii Wats. var. Last seen i n 1 957. Attem pts t o rediscover
hendersonii this plant have been unsuccessfu l . Utricularia intermedia Hayne
" H en derson's triteleia" Li l i aceae "fiat-leaved bladderwort" Le ntibu lariaceae
List 2 I RED 3-2-1 Tuctoria greenei (Vasey) J . Reeder List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Siskiyou; Oregon Butte, Fresno, Modoc, Plu mas, Tulare;
"Greene's tuctoria" Poaceae
735B, 736A, 736C? I d aho, Nevada, Utah, Washi ngto n , and
List 1 B / RED 2-3-3
elsewhere
Cismontane wood land; el evation State Rare/Federal Endangered
760- 1 200 meters.

396B, 4 1 SC, 4 1 6C, S88C, S88D, S9 1 A,
607C, 624B, 624C, 62SA, 6 2 S B , 62SD,
69SD
Bogs and fens, meadows and seeps
( mesic), marshes and swamps ( l ake mar­
gins); elevation 1 2 00-2700 meters.
Perennial herb (stoloniferous, aquatic,
carnivorous), blooms J u ly-August.
Need q u ads fo r Tu lare Cou nty. State­
l i sted as Sensitive in Wash i ngto n . See
Madrofio 2 2 ( 2 ) : 74-84 ( 1 9 7 3 ) fo r taxo­
n o m i c treatm ent.
Utricularia minor L.
" lesser bladd erwort" Le ntibu lariaceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
Butte, El Dorado, Fresno, Lassen , Modoc,
Nevada, Plumas, Shasta, Sierra, Tehama,
Tulare, Tuolum ne; Arizona, Idaho, Neva­
da, Oregon, Utah, Wash i ngton , and
elsewhere
Bogs and fens, marshes and swamps
( assorted shal low freshwater); elevation
800-2 900 meters.
Perennial herb (stolon iferous, aquatic,
carn ivorous), bloo m s J u ly.
Endangered in Orego n . See Madrofio
2 2 ( 2 ) : 74-84 ( 1 9 7 3 ) for taxo n o m i c
treatment.
Utricularia ochroleuca Hartm.
"cream -Aowered bladderwort"
Lenti bu lariaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
P l u mas; Orego n , Wash i ngton, and
elsewhere
624C
Meadows and seeps ( m esic), marshes
and swamps ( l a ke margi ns); el evation
1 43S- 1 440 meters.
Pere n n i a l herb (stoloniferous), blooms
J u n e-J u ly.
Known in Cal i forn i a only from one occur­
rence at Last Chance Marsh at Lake
Almanor. Not in TheJepson Manual. See
Madrofio 4 S ( 2 ) : 1 84- 1 8S ( 1 998) for first
California occurrence.
Vaccinium coccineum Piper
"Siskiyou Mou ntains h uckleberry" Ericaceae
List 3 / RED 2-1 -?
Butte, Plumas, Sie rra, Siskiyou, Yuba;
Oregon
S72C, S74A, S74B, S74C, S74D, S89B,
S89D, S 9 0A, S 9 0 B, S90C, S90D, S91 D,
70 1 C, 7 1 9C, 721 B, 721 C, 736C, 737A,
737C, 738A
Lower montane coniferous forest, u pper
montane co n i ferous forest / often ser­
penti nite; elevation 1 09S-2 1 3 S meters.
C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N TS
Shrub (decid uous), blooms J u n e-August.
Move to List 4? Taxo n o m i c work i n
progress. H o w com m o n is t h i s taxon i n
Orego n ? See V membranaceum i n TheJep­
son Manual. See Proceedings ofthe Biologi­
cal Society of Washington 3 1 : 7 S-78 ( 1 9 1 8 )
fo r origi nal descri pti o n .
Vaccinium deliciosum
Considered but rejected: not in California
Vaccinium scoparium Lei b.
" l i ttle-l eaved h u ckleberry" Ericaceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon, Wash i ng­
ton, and el sewhere
682B, 684C, 685D, 701 C, 702B, 7 1 9C,
739C
Subalpine coniferous forest ( rocky);
elevation 1 800-2200 meters.
Shrub (deciduous), blooms J u ne-Augu st.
SeeContributions from the U.S. National
Herbarium S ( 2 ):87- 1 08 ( 1 897) for origi­
nal description.
Vaccinium uliginosum ss p .
occidentale
Considered but rejected: too common
Vaccinium uliginosum ss p .
uliginosum
Considered but rejected: not confirmed
in Cal iforn ia, but plants from Big Lagoon
( H u m boldt Cou nty) may be this taxon
Vahlodea atropurpurea
See Deschampsia atropurpurea
Valeriana occidentalis H e l ler
"western va leri a n " Valerianaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1-1
Modoc; Arizona, Idaho, Nevada, Ore­
gon, Utah, Wyomi ng, and e lsewhere
724C, 7 2 S D
Lower montane con i ferous forest
( m esic); elevation 1 S00-1 800 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
J u n e-August.
Known i n Cal i fornia only from the Warn­
er Mtns. See Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical
Club 2 S : 269 ( 1 898) for original descrip­
tion, and Annals ofthe Missouri Botanical
Garden 38:41 S-4 1 7 ( 1 9 S 1 ) for taxonom­
ic treatm ent.
289
Vancouveria chrysantha Greene
" Siskiyou i n s i d e-out-A ower" Berberidaceae
List 4 / RED 2-1 -2
Del Norte, Siskiyou; Oregon
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest / serpenti n ite; elevation 1 2 0-1 SOO
meters.
Pere n n ial herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
June.
On watch list i n Oregon .
Venegasia carpesioides
Co nsidered but rejected: too co m mon
Veratrum fimbriatum Gray
"fringed false- hel lebore" Li l i aceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Mendocino, Sonoma
Bogs and fens, coastal scrub, meadows
and seeps, North Coast coniferous forest /
mesic; elevation S- 1 80 m eters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u ly-September.
Veratrum insolitum Jeps.
"Siskiyou false-hellebore" Li l iaceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -1
Del Norte, H u m boldt, Shasta, Siskiyou,
Tri nity; Orego n, Washi ngton
Chaparral, lower montane coniferous
forest / clay; elevation 4S- 1 635 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms J u n e-August.
State-l isted as Sensitive in Wash i ngton .
Veratrum viride
Co nsidered but rejected: too co mmon
Verbena californica Mold .
"Cal iforn ia verva i n " Verbenaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Threatened/Federal
Threatened
Tuo l u m ne
4S8B, 4S8C, 4S9D
Cismontane woodland, valley and footh i l l
grassland / mesic, usually serpenti nite
seeps or creeks; elevation 260-400 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-September.
Known from ten occu rrences in the
Red H i l l s. Threatened by grazing, m i n­
i ng, development, recreati o n , and veh i ­
cles. Protected i n part a t Red H i l l s
ACEC ( B L M ) .
290 C N P S I N V E N TO RY O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P L A N T S
Verbesina d issita Gray
"crown beard " Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-2
State Threatened/Federal
Threatened
Orange; Baja California
70C, 7 1 D
Chaparral ( mariti m e ) , coastal scrub;
elevation 45-2 0 5 meters.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms April-J u ly.
Known in California from o n l y two
occurrences near southern Laguna
Beac h . Threatened by u rbanization
and fuel break clearing.
Veronica copelandii Eastw.
"Copeland's speedwe l l " Scro p h u l ari aceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
Siskiyou, Tri n ity
Meadows and seeps, subal p i n e co n i fe r­
ous forest / serpentinite; elevation
2 2 2 5-2590 meters.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms August.
See Botanical Gazette 41 : 288 ( 1 906) for
original descri pti o n .
Veronica cusickii Gray
" C u sick's speedwe l l " Scro p h u lariaceae
List 4 I RED 1 -1 - 1
Alpine, Amador, Madera, Mariposa,
Placer, Si erra, Tuo l u mne; Oregon, Wash­
ington, and e lsewhere
Alpine boulder and rock fie l d , mead ows
and seeps, subal pine con i ferous forest,
u pper montane coniferous forest;
elevation 2 1 3 5-3000 meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms J u l y-August.
Viburnum ellipticum H oo k.
"oval-l eaved vi b u rn u m " Caprifo l iaceae
List 2 / RED 2-1 -1
Contra Costa, Fresno, El Dorado, Glenn,
H u m boldt, Mendoci no, Napa, Shasta,
Sonoma; Oregon, Washington
3 9 7C, 464B(* ?), 464C( * ? ), 464D, 465A,
465B, 499C, 500C, 5 0 1 A, 5 1 0A, 5 1 7C,
53 5A, 550D, 567B, 583B, 600A, 600C,
6 1 6C, 600C, 600D, 63 1 A, 646B
Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
montane co n i ferous forest; elevation
2 1 5- 1 400 meters.
S h ru b (deciduous), blooms May-J u ne.
Need quads for Glenn Co unty.
Viguiera laciniata Gray
"San Diego County viguiera" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-1
Orange, San Di ego; Baja Californ ia,
Sonora ( M exico)
Chaparra l , coastal scrub; elevation
60-750 meters.
Shrub, blooms February-J u ne .
Loca l l y co m m o n . Threate ned by
development.
Viguiera reticulata
Co nsidered but rejected: too common
Viola adunca var. kirkii
Considered but rejected : a synonym o f V
adunca; a common taxon
Viola aurea Kel l .
"go l d e n violet" Vio laceae
List 2 / RED 2-2-1
Kern, Mono, San Bernard i no, San Diego,
Sierra; Nevada
49C, 1 3 3C, 2 1 1 C, 243D, 488D, 5 70A
Great Basin scrub, pi nyon and j u n i per
wood land / sandy; el evation 1 000- 1 800
meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms April-J u ne .
Rarely collected. Probably m o r e com mon
i n Nevada. Threatened by grazing. See
Proceedings ofthe California Academy ofNat­
ural Sciences 2 : 1 85 ( 1 86 2 ) for original
descri ption, and Madrano 1 2 ( 1 ):8- 1 8
( 1 953) for taxonomic treatment.
Viola cuneata
Considered but rejected: too common
Viola hallii
Considered but rejecte d : too co mmon
Viola lanceolata ss p . occidentalis
See Viola primulifolia ssp. occidentalis
Viola langsdorfii ( Rege l ) Fisc h .
" Langsdorf's violet" Violaceae
List 2 / RED 3-3-1
Del Norte; Orego n * , Washi ngto n * , and
elsewhere
740C
Bogs and fens (coastal); elevation 2-1 0
meters.
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Known in California from only two occur­
rences at Lake Earl and Pt. St. George.
Status in Oregon needs clarification.
Threatened by development. Not i n The
Jepson Manual. See Madrano 40 ( 2 ) : 1 3 5
( 1 993) for fi rst California record .
Viola palustris L.
" m arsh violet" Vio l aceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Del Norte, H u m boldt, Mendocino; Ore­
gon, Washi ngton, and el sewhere
569A, 672C, 689A, 740C
Coastal scrub (mesic), bogs and fens
(coastal); elevation 0- 1 50 meters.
Pere n n i a l herb ( rh izomatous), blooms
March-August.
Known in Californ ia from only fou r occur­
rences; often overlooked and rarely col­
l ected . See Madrano 1 7( 6 ) : 1 73- 1 97
( 1 964) for taxonomic treatment.
Viola pinetorum Green e ssp. grisea
U eps. ) R.j . Little
"grey-leaved violet" Violaceae
List 1 8 / RED 3-1 -3
Fresno, Kern, San Bernard i no, Tulare
1 0 5A, 1 3 1 D, 2 1 3 B, 306B, 329C, 330D,
41 5C
Meadows and seeps, subal pine co n i fe r­
ous forest, u pper montane co n i ferous
forest; elevation 1 5 00-3400 meters.
Pere n n ial herb, blooms April-J u ly.
Known from approximately ten occur­
rences; rarely collected . Needs more
field su rveys. Threatened by grazing and
trampli ng. See Flora ofCalifornia 2 ( 1 ) : 5 2 1
( 1 936) b y W.L. Jepson for original descrip­
tion, and Phytologia 72(2):77-78 ( 1 99 2 )
for revised nomenclature.
Viola primulifolia L. ssp.
occidentalis (Gray) L. E. McKi n ney &
R.J . Little
"western bog violet" Vio l aceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
Del Norte; Oregon
739A, 739B, 739C, 740A, 740D
Bogs and fens (serpentinite), marshes
and swamps; el evation 1 00-990 meters.
Perenn ial herb ( rhizomatous), blooms
Apri 1-Septem ber.
Threatened by m i n i ng, logging, road
constructi o n , and veh i cles. Candidate
for state l isting in Orego n . See Botanical
Gazette 1 1 : 2 55 ( 1 8 86) for original
descri ption, and Phytologia 7 2 ( 2 ) : 7 9
( 1 9 9 2 ) for revised nomenclature.
 C N P S I N V E N TO R Y O F R A R E A N D E N D A N G E R E D P LA N T S 291

Viola tomentosa Baker & Clausen
"wo o l ly violet" Vio l aceae
List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
El Dorado, Nevada, Placer, Plumas, Sierra
Lower montane con i ferous forest, sub­
alpine con i ferous forest, upper montane
con i ferous forest / grave lly; e levation
1 43 5-2000 meters.
Perennial herb, blooms May-October.
Threatened by road building, vehicles,
logging, and proposed reservo i r construc­
tion in national forests. See Leaflets of
Western Botany 5 : 1 42 ( 1 949) for original
description, and Madrano 1 7( 6 ) : 1 73-1 9 7
( 1 964) for taxonomic treatment.
Woodsia plummerae Lem mo n
" P l u m mer's woodsia" Dryopteridaceae
List 2 I RED 3-1-1
San Bernard i no ; Arizon a , Baja Cal i for­
n i a, New Mexico, Sonora ( M exico), and
elsewhere
225D
Pi nyon and j u n iper wood land (granitic,
rocky); elevation 1 600-2000 meters.
Perennial herb ( rh izomatou s), ferti l e
May-September.
See Botanical Gazette 7:6 ( 1 882) for origi­
nal description, and Madrano 2 2 (4):378
( 1 974) and 2 6 ( 1 ) : 5 6 ( 1 978) for d i stribu­
tional i n fo rmation.
Xylorhiza cognata ( Ha l l ) T.j .
Watson
"M ecca-aster" Asteraceae
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3
I m perial, Riverside
46D, 62C, 63A, 63B, 63C, 64A, 64B,
64D, 8 1 C, 82C, 82D
Sonoran desert scrub; elevation 20-260
meters.
Pere n n i a l herb, blooms Jan uary-J u ne .
Known mostly from I n dio H i l l s and
Mecca H i l l s . Threatened by vehicles. See
Brittonia 2 9 : 1 99-2 1 6 ( 1 977) for revised
nomenclature and descri pti o n .

Washingtonia filifera Xylorhiza orcuttii (Vasey & Rose)

Consid ered but rejected: too common
Wislizenia refracta Enge l m . ssp.
refracta
"jackass-clover" Capparaceae
List 2 / RED 3-2-1
Riversi de, San Bernard i n o ; Arizona, New
Mexico, Texas
77C, 1 0 2A, 1 28C
Desert d u nes, Mojavean desert scrub,
playas, Sonoran desert scrub; el evation
600-800 meters.
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-November.
Wolffia arrhiza
Considered but rejected: Probably not
native in California
Wolffia brasiliensis Wed d .
"Col u m bian watermea l " Lemnaceae
List 2 / RED 3-1 -1
Butte; and el sewhere
5 6 1 D, 577B, S77C
Marshes and swamps (assorted shal low
freshwater); elevation 30- 1 00 meters.
Perennial herb (aquatic), blooms
April-December.
Known in California only from a few
occu rrences along the Sacramento River.
See Madrano 3 6 ( 4): 283-286 ( 1 989) for
first Cal iforn ia occurrence.
Woodsia oregana
Considered but rejected: too co mmon
Wyethia elata Hall Greene
" H a l l 's wyethia" Asteraceae
"Orcutt's woody-aster" Asteraceae
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3 List 1 B / RED 2-2-2
Fresno, Madera, Mariposa, Tulare
I m peri a l , Riverside, San Diego; Baja
Cismontane woodland, lower montane Ca l ifornia
coniferous forest; elevation 1 000- 1 400
1 8A, 1 8 B, 1 8C, 3 1 A, 3 1 B, 3 1 C, 3 1 D,
meters.
32A, 3 3 D, 46C, 46D, 6 2 B
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-August.
Sonoran desert scrub; elevation 20-365
meters.
Wyethia invenusta Perenn ial herb, blooms March-Apri l .
Considered but rejected : too common Threate ned b y vehicles.
Wyethia longicaulis Gray Yucca baccata
" H u mboldt C o u n ty wyeth ia" Asteraceae Co nsidered but rejected: too com m o n
List 4 / RED 1 - 1 -3
H u m boldt, Mendocino, Tri n ity Zausch neria septentrionalis
Broad leaved upland forest, coastal prarie, See Epilobium septentrionale
lower montane coniferous forest; elevation
750- 1 525 meters.
Zigadenus fremontii var. inezianus
Perenn ial herb, blooms May-J u ly.
Co nsidered but rejected: too com m o n ; a
synonym of Z. fremontii
Wyethia reticulata Greene
" El Dorado Cou nty m u l e ears" Asteraceae Zigadenus micranthus Eastw. var.
List 1 B / RED 2-2-3 fontanus ( Eastw. ) D. McNeal
El Dorado
" m arsh zigad e n us" Li l iaceae
5 1 0B, 5 1 1 A, 5 2 6C, 5 2 7 D List 4 / RED 1 -2-3
Chaparra l , cismontane wood land, lower Lake, Mendocino, Monterey, Mari n ,
montane con i ferous forest / clay or gab­ Napa, San Benito, Santa Cruz, San Lu is
broic; elevation 1 8S-630 meters. Obispo, San Mateo, Sonoma
Perennial herb, blooms May-J u ly. Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower
Threatened by developm ent and veh icles. montane con i ferous forest, mead ows
See Bulletin ofthe California Academy ofSci­ and seeps, marshes and swampspecies
ences 1 : 9 ( 1 884) for original description. vern ally mesic, often serpenti n ite;
elevation 1 5-980 meters.
Perennial herb ( b u l biferous), blooms
April-J u ly.
See Leaflets of Western Botany 2 :41 ( 1 937)
for original description, and Phytologia
73 (4):307-3 1 1 ( 1 992) for revised
nomenclature.
 M a p a n d Li st of USGS 7. 5 ' Q u ad ra n gl e M a p s
[ APPEN D IX I

his index to 7.5 m i n ute topographic q uadrangle m aps general ly conforms to the quad code system used by the
Department of Water Resources; the quad names are those used by the U.S. Geological Survey. Two lists are inclu ded
below, the fi rst sorted by quad code, the second by quad name.
There has been some confusion regarding the names of certain 7.5 m i n ute quads: the 1 9 93 USGS California Index to Topographic
Map Coverage indicates a preferred name for future map updates, b ut current actual maps indicate a different name. I n these few
cases we h ave listed the name on our current maps and i ndicated the alternative Index name in parentheses; it is probably best to
order maps by the latter name. Also, there are apparently 20 quadrangles lacking maps at the 7.5 m i n ute scale, and we under­
stand that the USGS h as no i m m ediate plans to produce them. For these q uads we have indicated the 1 5 m inute map name
and q uadrant ( N E, NW, SW, SE), along with the provisional name, now obsolete, previously used for that 7.5 m i n ute q uad.
We use a unique q u ad code system for the California islands; the first three d igits of each code m atch the island code given
on the inside front cover.

Quad rangle Codes

ANAC Anacapa Island 003 B M i dway Wel l NW 0 1 3C Cactus 021 C El Caj o n

FARA Fara l l o n Islands 004A Bonds Corner 0 1 3 D Ogi l by 021 D Alpine
SBRA Santa Barbara I s l a n d 004B Calexico 0 1 4A Glamis 0 2 2A Poway
SCMC San C l e m ente Island 005A H eber 0 1 4B G l a m i s NW 022B Del M a r
Central 005B M o u n t Signal 0 1 4C G l a m i s SW 022C LaJolla
S C M N S a n Clem ente Island 006A Yu h a Basin 0 1 4D Glamis S E 022D La Mesa
N o rth 006B Coyote Wel l s 0 1 5A Ho ltvi l l e N E 025B Picacho NW
SCMS San Clem ente Island 007A l n -ko-pah Gorge 0 1 5B Alamori o 025C Picacho SW
South 007C J ac u m ba 0 1 5C Ho ltvi l l e West 025D Picac h o
SCTE Santa Cata l i n a East 008A Live Oak Spri ngs 015D Holtvi l l e East 0 2 6A Buzzards Peak
S CTN Santa Cata l i n a N o rth 008B Cameron Corners 0 1 6A Brawley 026B Mt. Barrow
SCTS Santa Cata l i n a South 008C Campo 016B Brawley NW 0 2 6C Gables Wash
SCTW Santa Cata l i n a West 008D Tierra Del Sol 0 1 6C Seeley 0 2 6 D Q uartz Peak
SCZA Santa Cruz Island A 009A M o re n a Reservoi r 0 1 6 D E l Centro 0 2 7A B l u e M o u nta i n
SCZB Santa Cruz Island B 009B Barrett Lake 0 1 7A S u perstition M t n . 027B M a m moth Wash
sczc Santa Cruz Island C 009C Tecate 0 1 7B Plaster City NW 027C Aco l ita
SCZD Santa Cruz I sland D 009 D Potrero 0 1 7C Painted Gorge 027D East Of Acolita
SMIE San M igu e l Isla n d East 0 1 0A D u l z u ra 0 1 7D Plaster City 028A Tortuga
S M IW San M iguel Island West 0 1 0 B J a m u l M o u ntai ns 0 1 8A Carrizo Mtn . N E 028B I ris
SNIC S a n N i colas Island 0 1 0C Otay Mesa 0 1 8B Arroyo Tapiado 028C Wiest
S RO E Santa Rosa I s l a n d East 0 1 0 D Otay Mou ntain 0 1 8C Sweeney Pass 028D Amos
S RON Santa Rosa I s l a n d 01 1 A National City 0 1 8 D Carrizo Mtn . 029A N i land
N o rth 01 1 B Point Loma 0 1 9A Agua Caliente Springs 029B Obsi d i an Butte
S ROS Santa Rosa Island 01 1 D I m perial Beach 0 1 9B M o n u m e n t Peak 029C Cali patria SW
South 01 1 E I m perial Reservo i r 0 1 9C M o u n t Laguna ( =Westmorland West)
S ROW Santa Rosa Island West 01 1 F Lagu na Dam 0 1 9 D Som brero Peak 0 2 9 D Westm orland
0 1 2A Little Picacho Peak 0 2 0A Cuyamaca Peak (=Westmorland East)
0 0 1 A Yu m a East 012B Picacho Peak 020B Tu l e S p rings 0 3 0A Kan e S p ri ng N E

001 B Yu m a West 0 1 2 C Araz 020C Viejas M o u n ta i n 030B K a n e S p ri ng N W

002A G rays Well NE 012D Bard 020D Descanso 030C H arpers Well
002B G rays Well 0 1 3A H ed ges 021A E l Cajon Mtn . 0 3 0 D K a n e S p ri n g
003A M idway Well 0 1 3B Clyde 021 B San Vicente Reservoi r 03 1 A S h e l l Reef

293
294 A P P E N D I X I : L I S T O F Q U A D RA N G L E M A P S

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 A P P E N D I X I : L I S T O F Q U A D RA N G L E M A P S
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296 A P PE N DI X I : LIST O F Q UADRA N G L E MA P S

03 1 B Borrego Mou ntain 049A Agu anga 068B Ro m o l a n d 085A El Casco

03 1 C Harper Canyo n 049B Vail Lake 068C M u rrieta 085B S u n nymead
03 1 D Borrego Mou ntain S E 049C Boucher H i l l 068D Bachelor Mtn. 085C Perris
032A Borrego S i n k 049 D Palomar Observatory 069A Lake Elsin ore 085D Lakeview
032B Tu bb Canyon 0 5 0A Pec h anga 069B Alberh i l l 086A Rivers i d e East
032C Earthqu ake Va l l ey 050B Te m e c u l a 069C S i tton Peak 086B Rivers i d e West
0 3 2 D Whale Peak 0 5 0C Bonsall 0 6 9 D W i l d o mar 086C Lake Mathews
033A Ranch ita 050D Pala 070A Santiago Peak 0 8 6 D Steele Peak
033B Warners Ra nch 051 A Fa l l brook 070B E l Toro 087 A Coro n a N o rth
033C Santa Ysabel 051 B M argarita Peak 070C San J uan Cap istra n o 087B Prado Dam
0 3 3 D J u l ian 051 C Las Pu lgas Canyon 0 7 0 D Canada Gobernadora 0 8 7C Black Star Canyon
034A Mesa G ra n d e 051 D M o rro H i l l 0 7 1 A Tu sti n 0 8 7 D Coro n a South
034B Rod r i q u ez M t n . 0 52A San Clem ente 071 B Newport Beach 088A Yorba Li n d a
0 3 4 C San Pasq ual 052B Dana Poi n t 071 D Lagu n a Beach 088B La H abra
034D Ram o n a 0 5 2 D S a n On ofre Bl u ff 0 72 A Seal Beach 088C Anah e i m
035A Valley Center 0 5 8A Blythe N E 073A San Ped ro 0 8 8 D Orange
035B San M arcos 058B McCoy Wash 0 74 B Poston 089A Whittier
035C Ra n c h o Santa Fe 0 5 8C Ripley 075A Big Maria Mts. N E 089 B South Gate
035D Esco n d i d o 058D Blythe 075B B i g Maria Mts. NW 089C Long Beach
0 3 6A San L u i s Rey 058E La Paz M t n . 075C Big M aria Mts. SW 089 D Los Alam itos
036B Oceanside 0 5 9A McCoy Peak 075D Big Maria Mts. S E 0 9 0A I nglewood
036D Encin itas 059B McCoy Spring 0 7 6 A Styx 090B Ven i ce
040A M u l e Wash 059C Hopkins We l l 076B Little Maria Mts . 090C Redo n d o Beach
040B Palo Verde 059D Roosevelt M i n e 076C Arl i ngton M i n e 0 9 0 D To rrance
040C Ci bola 0 6 0A Ford Dry Lake 0 7 6 D I nca 0948 Cross Roads
04 1 A Th u m b Peak 060B S i d ewi n d e r Wel l 077 A Palen Pass 095A Parker
04 1 B Wil eys We l l 0 6 0C Aztec M i nes 077B West Of Palen Pass 095B Parker NW
041 C West O f Palo Verde Peak 060D East Of Aztec M i nes 077C Palen Lake 095C Parker SW
041 D Palo Verde Peak 061 A Corn Spring 077D Palen Mou ntains 095D Parker S E
042A Little Ch uckwal l a Mts. 061 B Desert Center 078A Coxcomb Mts. 096A Vi dal J u nctio n
042B Chuckwal l a Spring 061 C Red Cloud Canyon 078B Pi nto We l l s 096B Vidal NW
042C Pegleg Well 061 D P i l ot M o u n ta i n 0 7 8 C Victory Pass 096C Gro m met
042 D Little Mule Mts. 062A Hayfi e l d S pring 078D East OfVictory Pass 0 9 6 D Vidal
043A August i n e Pass 062B Hayfi e l d 079A Placer Canyon 0 9 7A H o rn Spring
043 B I ri s Pass 062C Red Canyon 079B San Bernard i n o Wash 097B Sablon
043C I ri s Wash 0 6 2 D East Of Red Canyon 079C Conej o We l l 097C Arica M o u ntains
043 D Lion H ead M t n . 063A Cottonwood Spring 0 7 9 D Buzzard Spring 097D Rice
044A Fri n k N E 063B Cottonwood Basi n 080A Pi nto M o u n ta i n 098A D a n by Lake
044B Fri n k N W 063C M o rt m ar 080B Fried Liver Wash 098B I ron M o u ntai n s
044C Fri n k 0 6 3 D Orocopia Canyon 080C Wash i ngton Wash 098C G ra n i te Pass
044D Wister 064A Thermal Canyon 080D Porcu p i n e Wash 098D East Of G ra n i te Pass
045A D u rm i d 064B Indio 08 1 A M a lapai H i l l 099A Cad iz Valley N E
045 B Salton 064C Val e ri e 081 B Keys View 099B Cad iz Val l ey NW
045C Truckhaven 064D Mecca 081 C West Berdoo Canyon 099C Cad iz Valley SW
045 D D u rm i d S E 0 6 5A La Q u i nta 081 D Rockhouse Canyon 0 9 9 D Cad iz Va l l ey S E
046A Oasis 065B Ran c h o M i rage 082A East Deception Canyon 1 OOA East O f Dale Lake
046B Rabbit Peak 0 6 5 C Toro Peak 082 B Seven Pal ms Valley 1 OOB Dale Lake
046C Fonts Poi nt 065D Mart i n ez M t n . 082C Cathedral City 1 OOC New Dale
046D Seventeen Pal m s 0 6 6A P a l m View Peak 082 D Myo m a 1 O O D Clarks Pass
047A Clark Lake N E 066B l dyllwi l d 083A Desert H o t Spri ngs 1 01 A East OfVa l l ey M t n .
047B Co l l i n s Val l ey 0 6 6 C Anza 083 B White Water 1 01 B Valley M t n .
047C Borrego Palm Canyon 066D Butterfly Peak 083C San J aci nto Peak 1 0 1 C Twentyn i n e Pal m s M t n .
047D Clark Lake 067 A Blackb u rn Canyon 083 D Palm Spri ngs 1 01 D H u m bug Mou ntain
048A Bucksnort M t n . 067B H e m et 084A Cabazon 1 02A Twentyn i n e P a l m s
048 B Beauty M o u nta i n 0 6 7C Sage 084B Beau mont 1 02 B S u nfair
048C Warner Spri ngs 0 6 7 D Cah u i l l a M t n . 084C S a n J aci nto 1 02 C I n d ia n Cove
048 D H ot Spri ngs M t n . 0 6 8 A Wi nch ester 084D Lake F u l m o r 1 02 D Queen M t n .
 APPENDIX I : L I S T O F Q U A D RA N G L E M A P S 297

1 03A Jos h u a Tree North 1 2 3A M o h awk Spring 1 3 7A Agua D u lce 1 S3A Ash H i l l
1 03 B Yucca Val ley North 1 23 B West O f M o h awk 1 3 7B M i nt Canyon 1 53 B Lu d low
1 0 3 C Yucca Valley South Spri ng 1 3 7C San Fernando 1 53 C M o rgans Well
1 03 D Joshua Tree South 1 23 C M artins Wel l 1 3 7 D S u n land 1 53 D Ludlow S E
1 04A Ri m rock 1 23 D Mopah Peaks 1 3 8A N ewhall 1 54A Lavic Lake
1 04 B Onyx Peak 1 24A Wi l h e l m Spring 1 3 8 B Val Verde 1 S4B S u n sh i n e Peak
1 04C Catclaw Flat 1 24B Sheep Camp S p ring 1 38C Santa S u sana 1 S4C Galway Lake
1 04 D Morongo Val l ey 1 24C M i l l igan ( = S i m i Valley East) 1 54 D Lavic S E
1 OSA Moonridge 1 24 D East Of M i l l igan 1 3 8 D Oat Mou ntain 1 5 5A S i lver Bel l M i ne
1 OSB Big Bear Lake 1 2SA Cadiz Lake N E 1 39A Piru 1 5S B C a m p Rock M i n e
1 OSC Forest Fal l s 1 2S B Cadiz Lake NW 1 39 B Fillmore 1 55C Fry M o u ntains
1 O S D San Gorgon i o Mtn . 1 2S C Cadiz Lake 1 39 C Moorpark 1 5 5 D Iron Ridge
1 06A Kel l e r Peak 1 2S D Chubbuck 1 39 D S i m i ( = S i m i Valley 1 5 6A Ord M o u n tain
1 06 B Harrison Mtn. 1 2 6A Calu m et M i n e West) 1 56 B West Ord M o u n ta i n
1 06 C Red lands 1 26 B Bristol Lake N W 1 40A Santa Pau l a Peak 1 5 6 C White Horse Mtn .
1 06 D Yucaipa 1 26C Bristol Lake SW 1 40 B Ojai 1 S 6 D G ra n d View M i n e
1 07A San Bernard i n o North 1 2 6 D Cal u m et M o u ntai ns 1 40C Saticoy 1 5 7A Stodda rd Well
1 07 B Devore 1 2 7A Lead Mtn . NE 1 40 D Santa Pau l a 1 57 B Tu rtle Valley
1 07C Fontana 1 27B Lead M o u ntain 1 41 A Mati l ij a 1 57C Apple Valley North
1 07 D San Bernard i n o South 1 2 7C Lead M o u ntain SW 1 41 B White Ledge Peak 1 5 7 D Fairview Valley
1 08A Cucamo nga Peak 1 2 7 D C l eghorn Lakes 1 41 C Pitas Po i n t 1 S8A H el e n d a l e
1 08 B Mt. Baldy 1 2 8A Dead man Lake N E 1 4 1 D Ventura 1 58B Victorvi l l e N W
1 08C Ontario 1 28B Dead man Lake NW 1 42A Carpinteria 1 58 C Ad e l a n to
1 08 D Guasti 1 2 8C Dead man Lake SW 1 42 B Santa Barbara 1 58 0 Victorvi l l e
1 09A Glendora 1 28 D Dead man Lake S E 1 43A Goleta 1 59A S h adow M o u ntains
1 09 B Azusa 1 2 9A H id algo Mtn . 1 43 B Dos Pueblos Canyon 1 S9B Ad obe M o u ntain
1 09C Baldwin Park 1 29B Em erson Lake l 44A Taj iguas 1 59C El M i rage
1 09 D San D i mas 1 2 9C Landers 1 44 B Gaviota 1 5 9 D S h adow M o u ntains S E
1 1 QA Mt. Wi lson 1 2 9 D Goat M o u n ta i n 1 4SA Sacate 1 60A H i Vista
1 1 OB Pasadena 1 3 0A M e l vi l l e Lake 1 4S B Poi n t Conception 1 60 B Al p i n e Butte
1 1 QC Los Angeles 1 30 B O l d Woman Springs l 46B To pock 1 60C Littlerock
1 1 OD El Monte 1 3 0C Rattlesnake Canyon 1 46 C Castle Rock 1 60 D Lovejoy Buttes
1 11A Burba n k 1 30 D Bighorn Canyon 1 47A Whale Mtn . 1 61 A Lancaster East
111B Van N uys 131A Cougar Buttes l 47B M o n u m e ntal Pass 1 61 B Lancaster West
111C Beverly H i l ls 131B Lucern e Val l ey 1 47C S n aggletooth 1 61 C Ritter Ridge
111D Hol lywood 131C Fawn skin 1 47 D C h e m e h u evi Peak 1 6 1 D Palmdale
1 1 2A Can oga Park 131 D Big Bear City 1 48A Stepladder Mts. NE 1 62A Del Sur
1 1 2B Calabasas 1 3 2A Fifteen m i l e Val l ey 1 48 B Stepladder Mts. NW 1 62 B Lake H ughes
1 1 2C M a l i b u Beach 1 32 B Apple Valley South 1 48C Stepladder Mou ntai n s 1 62 C Green Valley
1 1 2 D Topanga 1 32C Lake Arrowhead SW 1 62 D S l eepy Valley
1 1 3 A Th ousa n d Oaks 1 32 D Butler Peak 1 48 D Stepladder M o u ntai n s 1 63A Burnt Peak
1 13B N ewbury Park 1 33A H esperia 1 49A Little Piute M o u ntai n s 1 63 B Liebre M t n .
1 1 3C Tri u n fo Pass 1 33 B Baldy Mesa 1 49 B Essex 1 63 C Whitaker Peak
1 13D Point D u m e 1 33 C Caj o n 1 49C Old Woman Statue 1 63 D Warm Springs Mou nta i n
1 1 4A Camari l l o 1 33 D S i lverwood Lake 1 49 D Painted Rock Wash 1 64A Black Mtn.
1 14B Oxnard 1 34A Phelan 1 SOA D a n by 1 64B Alamo M o u n ta i n
1 1 4D Po i n t M u gu 1 34B M escal Creek 1 SOB Castle Dome 1 64C Devi ls Heart Peak
1 20 B Stand ard Wash 1 34C M o u n t San Anto n i o 1 SOC Cadiz S u m m i t 1 64D Cobblestone Mtn .
1 2 0C G e n e Wash 1 34D Te legraph Peak 1 S O D Skeleton Pass 1 6 5A Lockwood Val ley
121A Lake H avasu City South 1 3 SA Valyermo 1 Sl A Van Wi n k l e Wash 1 6SB San G u i l l ermo
121 B H avasu Lake 1 3 S B J u n i per H i l l s 1 Sl B Brown Buttes 1 6 5C Lio n Canyon
1 2 1 C Wh i pp l e Mts. SW 1 3SC Waterman M t n . 1 Sl C Am boy 1 6 5 D Topatopa Mou ntains
121D Wh ipple Wash 1 3S O Crystal Lake 1 5 1 0 Cadiz 1 66A Reyes Pe a k
1 2 2A Savahia Peak N E 1 3 6A Pacifico M o u n ta i n 1 S2A East Of S i beria 1 66 B Ran c h o N u evo Creek
1 22 B Savahia Peak NW 1 36 B Acton 1 S2B Si beria 1 66 C Old Man M o u n ta i n
1 2 2 C Savahia Peak SW 1 36C Condor Peak 1 S2C Bagdad SW 1 66 D Wh eeler Springs
1 2 2 D Savahia Peak 1 3 6 D C h i lao Flat 1 S 2 D Amboy Crater 1 67A M a d u lce Peak
2 98 APPEN D IX I : L I S T O F Q U A D RA N G L E M A P S

1 67 B Big P i n e M t n . 1 81 C Daggett 1 9 5 D Sisquoc 21 1 A Mojave N E

1 67C Little Pine Mtn. 1 8 1 0 M i n neola 1 96A G uadal u p e 21 1 B Cac h e Peak
1 67 0 H i l dreth Peak 1 82A Barstow 1 96B Point Sal 2 1 1 C Mojave
1 68A San Rafael Mtn . 1 82 B H i n kley 1 9 6 D Casmalia 2 1 1 D Sanborn
1 68 B Figueroa M t n . 1 82C H odge 1 9 7C Mt. Manchester 2 1 2A Tehachapi N E
1 68C Lake Cac h u m a 1 82 D Barstow S E 1 98A J u n i per M i ne 21 2B Tehachapi North
1 68 D S a n M arcos Pass 1 83A Twelve Gauge Lake 1 98 B West OfJ u n i per M i n e 2 1 2 C Tehachapi South
1 69A Los O l ivos 1 83 B Kramer H i l l s 1 9 8C Homer M t n . 21 20 M o n o l ith
1 69 B Zaca Creek 1 83C Astley Rancho 1 980 East O f Homer Mtn. 2 1 3A Keene
1 69 C Solvang 1 83 D Wi l d Crossing 1 99A East Of Grotto H i l l s 213B Bear M o u n ta i n
1 69 D Santa Ynez 1 84A Kra m e r J u nction 1 99 B G rotto H i l ls 2 1 3 C Tej on Ranch
1 70A Los Alamos 1 84B Leu h man Ridge 1 99C H ackberry M o u n ta i n 2 1 3 D C u m m i ngs Mtn.
1 70 B Lompoc 1 84C Jackrabbit H i l l 1 99 D Signal Hill 2 1 4A Arvin
1 70C Lompoc H i l l s 1 84D Red Buttes 200A Pi nto Val l ey 2 1 4B Weed Patch
1 70 D Santa Rosa H i l l s 1 85A Rogers Lake North 200B M i d H ills 2 1 4C Mettler
1 71 A S u rf 1 85 B Edwards 200C Co l u m bi a Mtn . 2 1 4 D Tejo n H i l l s
1 71 C Point Argu e l l o 1 85C Red man 2 0 0 D Woods M o u ntai n s 2 1 5A Conner
1 7 1 D Tranq u i l lo n Mtn. 1 85 0 Rogers Lake South 201A Cima 2 1 5B M i l l ux
1 72 B Need l es NW 1 86A Bi sse l l 201 B M arl Mou ntains 2 1 5C Conner SW
1 72 C Need les SW 1 86 B Soledad Mtn . 201 C Kelso 2 1 5 D Coal O i l Canyon
1 72 D Need l es 1 86C Rosa m o n d 201 D Hayden 2 1 6A Mouth Of Kern
1 73A Bannock 1 86 D Rosa m o n d Lake 202A I n d i an Spring ( = Bu e n a Vista Lake Bed )
1 73 B H o mer 1 87A Wi l l ow S pri ngs 202B Seventeen m i l e Poi n t 2 1 6 B Taft
1 73 C West O f Flattop Mtn . 1 87 B Tylerhorse Canyon 202C Cowhole M o u n ta i n 2 1 6C Maricopa
1 73 0 Fl atto p M t n . 1 87C Fairmont Butte 2 0 2 D O l d D a d Mtn . 21 6D Pe ntland
1 74A Goffs 1 87D Little Buttes 203A Soda Lake North 2 1 7A Fe l lows
1 74 B Fe n n er H i l l s 1 88A Liebre Twi n s 203B West Of Soda Lake 2 1 7B Panorama H i l l s
1 74C Fe n n er 1 88 B Winters Ridge 203C Crucero H i l l 2 1 7C We l l s Ranch
1 74D Fe n n er Spring 1 88C La Liebre Ranch 2 0 3 D Soda Lake South 2 1 70 Elkh orn H i l l s
1 75A Desert Spring 1 88 D Neenach School 204A Cronese Lakes 2 1 8A Pa i n ted Rock
1 75 B Colto n Well 1 89A Pastoria Creek 204B Bitter Spring 218B C h i m i neas Ranch
1 75 C West O f B l i n d H i l l s 1 89 B Grapevi n e 204C Dunn 2 1 8C Taylor Canyon
1 75 D B l i n d H i l ls 1 89 C Frazier M t n . 2 0 4 D Cave Mou ntain 2 1 8 D Caliente Mtn.
1 76A Fo u n tain Peak 1 89 D Lebec 205A East Of Langford We l l 2 1 9A Branch Mtn.
1 76 B Kelso Du nes 1 9 0A Pleito H i l ls 205B Langford We l l 21 9B Los M achos H i l l s
1 76 C Bighorn Basin 1 90 B Eagle Rest Peak 205C Alvord M t n . West 2 1 9C C h i m ney Canyon
1 76 D Van Wi n kl e S p ri n g 1 90C Sawm i l l Mou nta i n 2050 Alvord Mtn . East 21 9 D M i ran d a Pine M tn .
1 77 A G lasgow 1 90 D C u d d y Valley 2 0 6A Parad ise Range 2 2 0A Caldwe l l Mesa
1 77 B West Of G l asgow 191A Santiago Creek 206B Wi l l iams We l l 220B Tar Spring Ridge
1 77C West Of B u dweiser 1 91 B Ba l l i nger Canyon 206C Lane Mou ntain 220C Nipomo
Wash 1 91 C Cuya m a Peak 206D Coyote Lake 220D H u asna Peak
1 77 D Budweiser Wash 1 9 1 D Apac h e Canyon 207 A S u perior Lake 221 A Arroyo Gran d e N E
1 78A Broadwe l l Mesa 1 9 2A Cuya m a 207B Opal Mou ntain 221 B Pismo Beach
1 78 B West Of Broadwel l 1 92 B N e w Cuya m a 207C Water Val l ey 221 D Oceano
M esa 1 92 C Salisbury Potrero 207D M u d H i lls 2 2 2A Port San Luis
1 78C Broadwe l l Lake 1 92 D Fox M o u n ta i n 208A Bird Spring 223C Ten m i l e Well
1 78 D East Of Broadwel l Lake 1 93A Peak M o u ntain 208B Fremont Peak 224A Ho pps Well
1 79A H i d d e n Valley East 1 93 B Bates Canyon 208C The Buttes 224B Crescent Peak
1 79 B H i dden Valley West 1 93 C Bald M o u n ta i n 208D Loc khart 224C Castle Peaks
1 79 C Hector 1 93 D H u rrican e Deck 209A Boron N E 224D H art Peak
1 79 0 S l eeping Beauty 1 94A M anzanita M t n . 209B Boron NW 225A N i pton
1 80A M a n ix 1 94 B Te pusquet Canyon 209C Boron 225B M i n eral H i l l
1 80 B H arvard H i l l 1 94C Foxen Canyon 209D Sadd l e back Mtn . 2 2 5 C J oshua
1 80C Newberry Springs 1 94D Zaca Lake 2 1 0A Gal i l eo H i l l 225D lvanpah
1 80 D Troy Lake 1 9 5A Twitch e l l Dam 2 1 0B California City North 2 2 6A Mescal Range
1 8 1 A Yermo 1 95 B Santa Maria 21 OC C a l i fornia City South 226B Val ley Wells
1 81 B Nebo 1 9 5C Orcutt 2 1 0 D North Edwards 226C Cow Cove
 A P P E N D I X I : L I S T O F Q U A D RA N G L E M A P S 299

2 2 6 D Cima D o m e 24 1 A Rio B ravo 255D Pilot Kn o b Valley East 270A Ad e l a i d a

2 27A Solomons Knob 241 B Buttonwillow 2 5 6A Searles Lake 270B Li m e M o u ntain
227B Turq u oise Mtn. 24 1 C East Elk H i l l s 256B Westend 270C Cypress Mou nta i n
227C Hal loran Springs 241 D Tu p m a n 256C Spangler H i l l s East 2 7 0 D York M o u ntain
2 2 7 D Granite S p ri n g 242A Lokern 2 5 6 D Ch ristmas Canyon 271 A Pebblesto n e S h u t- i n
228A North Of Baker 242B Belridge 2 5 7A Lone Butte 271 B San S i m eon
228B S i l u rian Valley 242C Reward 257B Ridgecrest North 271 C Pico Creek
2 2 8 C West Of Baker 242D West E l k H i l l s 257C Ridgecrest South 271 D Cam bria
228D Baker 243A Carneros Rocks 2 5 7 D Spangler H i l l s West 272A Piedras Blancas
229A Red Pass Lake N E 243 B Las Yeguas Ranch 2 58A l nyokern 273B Green M o n ster M i n e
229B Red Pass Lake NW 243C Si m m le r 2 58 B Owens Peak 2 7 3 C West Of S h e na n d oah
2 2 9 C West Of Red Pass Lake 243 D M c Kittrick S u m m it 2 58C Freeman J u nctio n Peak
229D Red Pass Lake 244A La Panza N E 258D l nyokern S E 2 7 3 D S h e n an d oah Peak
2 3 0A Dri n kwater Lake 244B La Panza Ranch 2 5 9 A Wal ke r Pass 2 74A Stu m p Spri ng, Nev.
230B West Of Dri n kwater Lake 244C La Panza 259B O nyx 274B Calvada Spri ngs
230C Fort I rwin 244D C a l i forn i a Valley 2 59 C Cane Canyon 274C H o rse Th ief Spri ngs
230D Tiefort M o u ntains 245A Camatta Ranch 259D H o rse Canyon 274D Blackwater M i n e
231 A Nelson Lake 245B Wi lson Corner 260A Weldon 2 75A North OfTecopa Pass
231 B West Of Nelson Lake 245C Santa Margarita Lake 260B Lake I sa b e l l a N o rth 275B Resting Spring
231 C Goldsto n e 245D Pozo S u m m i t 2 60C Lake Isabella South 2 7 5 C Tecopa
231 D East Of Gol d stone 246A Santa Margarita 2 6 0 D Woolstal f Creek 2 7 5 D Tecopa Pass
232A Eagle Crags 246B Atascadero 261 A Alta S i e rra 2 76A S h os h o n e
232B Pi lot Knob 246C San Lu i s Obispo 261 B G l e n nvi l l e 276B Salsberry Peak
232C Slocu m Mtn. 246D Lopez Mtn. 261 C Democrat H o t S p rings 276C I bex S p ri n g
232D Su perio r Val ley 247A M o rro Bay N o rth 261 D M i racle Hot Spri ngs 276D I bex Pass
233A Black H i l l s 247B Cayucos 262A Woody 2 77 A Epaulet Peak
233B West O f B l ack H i l l s 247D M o rro Bay South 262B Sand Canyon 277B S h ore Li n e Butte
233C C u d deback Lake 248B State Line Pass 2 6 2C Knob H i l l 2 7 7C Confi d e nce H i l l s West
233 D Blackwater Well 248C lvanpah Lake 2 6 2 D P i n e M o u nta i n 2 7 7 D Confidence H i l l s East
234A Kl i n ker M t n . 248D Desert 263A Deepwe l l Ranch 278A Anvil Spring Canyon East
234B El Paso Peaks 249A Mesqu ite Lake 263B McFarl a n d 278B Anvi l Spring Canyon
234C J o h a n n es b u rg 249B Mesq u i te M o u ntains 263C Famoso West
234D Red M o u n ta i n 249C Pac h a l ka Spring 263D North O f O i l d a l e 2 7 8C Wingate Wash West
235A Garlock 249D Clark M tn . 2 64A Po nd 2 7 8 D Wingate Wash East
235B Saltdale NW 2 50A East Of Kingston Peak 2 64 B Wasco NW 2 7 9A M a n ly Peak
235C Ca ntil 250B Kingston Peak 2 64C Wasco SW 279B M a n ly Fal l
235D Saltdale SE 2 50C Ki ngston Spring 2 64D Wasco 279C Copper Q u een Canyon
236A Dove Spring 250D East Of Kingston Spring 2 6 5A Lost H i l l s N E 2 7 9 D S o u rd ough Spring
236B Pi nyon M t n . 251 A Valj ean H i l l s 265B Lost H i l l s NW 2 80A Slate Range Crossing
236C Cross M o u n tain 251 B D u m o n t Dunes 265C Lost H i l l s 280B H o m ewood Canyon
236D Ci nco 251C S i l u rian Lake 2 6 5 D Semitro pic 2 80C Tro na West
237 A Claravi l l e 2 5 1 D S i l u rian H i l ls 266A Antel o p e P l a i n 2 8 0 D Tro na East
237B P i u te Peak 252A Sadd l e Peak H i l l s 266B Em igrant H i l l 281 A M ou ntain Springs
237C Lora i n e 252B O l d I bex Pass 266C Shale Poi nt Canyon
237D Em era l d Mtn . 252C Avawatz Pass 266D Blackwe l l s Corner 281 B Airport Lake
2 3 8A Breckenridge Mtn. 2 5 2 D Sheep Creek S p ri n g 2 67A Sawtooth Ridge 2 8 1 C White H i l ls
238B Mt. Adelaide 253A East Of Owl Lake 267B Orchard Peak 281 D Bu rro Canyon
238C Bena 253B Owl Lake 2 67C H o l l a n d Canyon 2 8 2A Volcano Peak
238D Oiler Peak 253C Leach Lake 267D Packwood Creek 282B Little Lake
239A Rio Bravo Ranch 253D East Of Leach Lake 2 6 8A Cholame 282C N i n e m i l e Canyon
239B O i l Center 254A Q u a i l Spring 268B Shandon 282D Pearsonvi l le
239C Lam ont 254B H i dd e n Spring 268C Shedd Canyon 283A Sacatar Canyon
2390 Ed ison 254( West Of Leach Spring 2680 Camatta Canyon 2 83 B Rockhouse Bas i n
240A O i l d a l e 2 5 4 D Leach Spring 2 69A Estre l l a 2 8 3 C White Dome
240B Rosedale 255A Wingate Pass 269B Paso Robles 283D Lam o n t Peak
240C Steve n s 255B Layton Spring 269C Te m p leton 2 8 4A S i rretta Peak
2 4 0 D Gosford 255C Pilot Knob Val ley West 2 6 9 D Creston 284B Fai rview
300 APPENDIX I: LIST O F Q UA D RA N G L E M A PS

2 84C Kernvi l l e 299B West Of Eagle Mtn . 3 1 3C Kettleman City 3 2 8 D Centen n i al Canyon
2 84 D Can n e l l Peak 299C Dead m a n Pass 3 1 3 D Stratford S E 3 2 9A Bartl ett
285A J o h nsondale 299D East Of Dead m a n Pass 3 1 4A H uron 3298 Cirq u e Peak
285B Californ ia Hot S p ri ngs 3 00A Greenwater Canyon 3 1 4B G u ijarral H i l l s 3 2 9 C Tem p leton Mtn .
285C Posey 300B Dantes View 3 1 4C Ave nal 3 2 9 D Olancha
2 8 5 D To bias Peak 300C Gold Va l l ey 3 1 4D La Cima 3 3 0A J o h n so n Peak
2 8 6A G i bbon Peak 300D Funeral Peak 3 1 5A Coa l i nga 330B Chagoopa Fa l l s
286B Fou ntai n Spri ngs 301A Badwater 315B Alcalde H i l l s 330C Kern Lake
286C Q u i n cy School 301 B H an au p a h Canyon 3 1 5C Cu rry Mou n ta i n 330D Kern Peak
2 8 6 D White River 301 C Galena Canyon 315D Kreyen h agen H i l l s 331A M i neral K i n g
2 8 7A D ucor 301 D M ormon Po i n t 3 1 6A S h erman Peak 331 B Si Iver City
287B Sausalito School 3 0 2A Te lescope Peak 3 1 6B Priest Va l l ey 331 C Moses Mtn .
2 8 7C Delano East 3 0 2 B J a i l Canyon 3 1 6C S l ac k Canyon 331 D Q u i n n Peak
287D Richgrove 302C Ballarat 3 1 6 D S m ith Mou ntain 332A Case M o u n ta i n
288A Pixley 302D Panam i n t 3 1 7A M o narch Peak 332B Kaweah
288B Al paugh 303A M aturango Peak N E 3 1 7B N attrass Valley 332C C h i c ke n coop Canyon
2 88C Al l e n sworth 303B Reve n u e Canyon 3 1 7C San Ardo 332D D e n n ison Peak
288D Delano West 303C M aturango Peak 3 1 7D Pancho Rico Valley 3 33A Woodlake
2 8 9A H ac i e n d a Ran c h N E 303D M aturango Pea k S E 31 SA San Lucas 333B Iva n hoe
289B H ac i e n d a Ran c h NW 304A C h i n a Gard e n s 31 S B Th o m pson Canyon 333C Exeter
289C Lone Tree We l l 304B Coso Peak 31 SC Cosio Knob 333D Rocky H i l l
289D H ac i e n d a Ranch 304C Petroglyph Canyon 3 1 8D Esp i n osa Canyon 334A Mo nson
2 90A D u d ley Ridge 304D Lou isiana Butte 3 1 9A Reliz Canyon 334B Traver
290B Los Viejos 305A U p per Cente n n i a l Flat 3 1 9 B J u n i pero Serra Peak 334C Gosh e n
290C Avenal Gap 305B Haiwee Reservo i rs 3 1 9C Cone Peak 334D Visalia
2 9 0 D West Camp 305C Coso J u nction 3 1 9D Bear Canyon 335A B u rris Park
291 A Kettle m a n Plain 3 0 5 D Cactus Peak 3 20A Tassaj ara H ot Spri ngs 335B Laton
291 B Garza Peak 3 0 6A Haiwee Pass 320B Parti ngton Ridge 335C Han ford
2 9 1 C Tent H i l l s 306B M o n ache Mou nta i n 320D Lopez Poi n t 335D Re m n oy
291 D Pyra m i d H i l l s 306C Crag Peak 320E Pfeiffer Poi n t 3 3 6A Riverd a l e
2 9 2 A The Dark Hole 306D Long Canyon 321 C H igh Peak 336B B u rrel
292B Parkfi e l d 307 A Casa Vieja Meadows 322B Fran k l i n Well 3 3 6 C Va nguard
292C Cholame H i l l s 307B H ockett Peak 3 2 2C Death Val l ey J u nction 336D Lemoore
2 9 2 D Cholame Valley 307C D u rrwood Creek 322D Bole Spri ng 3 3 7A Five Poi nts
293A Stockd ale M ou ntai n 307D Bon ita Meadows 323A East Of Echo Canyon 337B Westsi d e
293B Va l l eton 3 0 8A Camp N e lson 323B Echo Canyon 3 3 7C Harris Ranch
293C San M iguel 308B Camp Wishon 323C Ryan 337D CalAax
293D Ranch ito Canyon 308C Solo Peak 323D East Of Ryan 3 3 8A Tres Pecos Farms
294A Wu n post 3 0 8 D Sentinel Peak 3 24A Furnace Creek 338B Li l l i s Ranch
294B H ames Va l l ey 3 0 9A Springvi l l e 324B West Of Furnace Creek 3 3 8 C Joaq u i n Rocks
294C Tierra Red o n d a 309B Frazier Val l ey 3 24C Devi ls Speedway 338D Domengine Ra nch
M o u n ta i n 309C Su ccess Dam 324D Devi ls Golf Course 3 3 9A Ciervo M t n .
2 9 4 D Bradley 309D Globe 3 2 5 A Tucki Wash 339B l d ri a
2 9 5A Wi l l ia m s H i l l 3 1 0A Li n d say 325B E m igrant Canyon 3 3 9 C S a n Ben ito M t n .
295B Jolon 3 1 OB Cairns Corn er 325C E m igrant Pass 3 3 9 D Santa Rita Peak
295C Burnett Peak 31 OC Woodvi l l e 3 2 5 D Wi l d rose Peak 340A Hernandez Reservoi r
295D Bryson 31 0D Portervi l l e 3 2 6A P a n a m i n t Butte 340B Rock Spring Peak
2 9 6A Alder Peak 3 1 1 A Tu lare 326B The D u n e s 340C Lonoak
296B Cape San Martin 31 1 B Paige 3 2 6C Pa n a m i nt Spri ngs 340 D Hepsedam Peak
296C Vi lla Creek 3 1 1 C Taylor Weir 326D N ova Canyon 341 A To po Valley
296D Bu rro M o u n ta i n 3 1 1 D Tipton 3 2 7A Lee Wash 341 B North C h a l o n e Peak
297C M o u n d Spring 3 1 2A Waukena 327B Santa Rosa Flat 341 C Greenfi e l d
2 9 8A Sixm i l e Spring 312B G u ernsey 3 2 7C Ta lc City H i l l s 341 D P i n a l ito Canyon
2988 Stewart Valley 3 1 2C E l Rico Ra nch 3 2 7 D Darwin 342A Soledad
298C Twelvem i l e Spring 31 2 D Corcoran 3 2 8A Kee l e r 342B Palo Escrito Peak
298D N o pah Peak 3 1 3A Stratford 328B Owe n s Lake 342C Sycamore Flat
299A Eagle Mtn . 3 1 3B Westhaven 3 2 8 C Verm i l l i on Canyon 342 D Paraiso S p ri ngs
 APPE N D IX I : L I ST O F Q U A D R A N G L E M A P S 301

343A Rana Creek 357C C o n ej o 372A Mazourka Peak 386B Watso nvi l l e East
3 43 B Carm e l Valley 357D Selma 372B Blackrock 386C Pru nedale
343C Ventana Cones 3 58A Fresno South 372C I n depen d ence 3 8 6 D San J u an Bautista
3 43 D Chews Ridge 358B Kearney Park 372D Bee Spri ngs Canyon 387A Watsonvi l l e West
344A Mt. Carm e l 358C Rai s i n 3 73A Aberdeen 387B Soquel
344B Soberanes Po int 3 5 8 D Caruthers 373B Mt. P i n chot 387D Moss Lan d i ng
344C Po i n t Sur 359A Kerman 373C M t . Clarence King 387E Santa Cruz
344D Big S u r 3 5 9 B J amesan 373D Kearsarge Peak 388C B o n n i e Claire SW
345 B Ashton 359C San J o aq u i n 3 74A Marion Peak 3 8 9A G o l d M o u n tain
345C Lees Camp 359D Helm 3 74 B S l i d e B l u ffs 389B West Of Gold Mtn.
345 D Leeland 3 60A Tra n q u i l l ity 3 74C Cedar G rove 389C U behebe Crater
346A East Of C h loride City 360B Coit Ra nch 3 74 D The S p h i nx 3 8 9 D Scottys Castle
346 B C h l oride City 3 6 0C Levis 3 75A Te h i pite D o m e 3 9 0A Sand Spring
346C Beatty J u n ction 360D Cantua Creek 375B Rough S p u r 390B H anging Rock Canyon
346D Nevares Peak 361 A C h a n ey Ranch 375C Hume 3 90C Last Chance Range SW
347 A Stove p i pe We l l s N E 361 B Chou net Ran c h 3 7 5 D Wren Peak 390D Last Chance Range SE
347B Mesq u i te Flat 3 6 1 C Tu m ey H i l l s 3 7 6A Patterson Mtn. 391 A East OfJ os h u a Flats
347C Stove p i pe We lls 3 6 1 D M o n o c l i n e Ridge 376B Sacate Ridge 391 B Joshua Flats
347D Grotto Canyon 3 6 2A M e rcy Hot Spri ngs 376C Luc kett M t n . 3 9 1 C Waucoba Spring
348A East Of Sand Flat 362B Cerro Colorad o 3 7 6 D Verp l a n k Ridge 391 D East OfWaucoba
348B Sand Flat 362C Ll anada 3 77A Tri m m er Spring
348C H arris H i l l 362D Panache 377B H u m p h reys Station 3 9 2A Cowhorn Val l ey
348D Cottonwood Canyon 3 6 3A Panache Pass 3 77C Piedra 392B U h l meyer Spri n g
349A U behebe Peak 363B Ch erry Peak 377D Pine Flat Dam 3 9 2 C Tinemaha Reservo i r
349 B West Of U behebe Peak 363C Bickm ore Canyon 3 78A Acade my 3 9 2 D Waucoba Mtn.
349C N e l so n Range 3 6 3 D San Ben ito 378B Friant 3 93A Big P i n e
349D Jackass Canyon 364A Paic i n es 3 78C Clovis 393B Coyote Flat
3 5 0A Craig Canyon 364B Mt. H arlan 378D Round M o u nta i n 393C Split Mtn.
350B New York Butte 364C Gonzales 3 79A La nes Bridge 393D Fish S p ri ngs
350C Dolom ite 364D MountJohnson 379B G regg 3 94A Mt. Th o m pson
3 5 0 D Cerro Gord o Peak 365A Natividad 379C Herndon 3 94 B Mt. Darwin
35 1 A U n i o n Wash 365B Sali nas 379D Fresno North 3 94C Mt. Godd ard
351 B M a nzanar 365C Spreckels 3 8 0A Madera 3 94D N o rth Pal isade
351 C Mt. Langley 365D C h u a lar 380B Bon ita Ranch 3 9 5A Mt. H e n ry
351 D Lon e P i n e 3 6 6A Marina 3 8 0C G rave lly Ford 395B Ward Mou nta i n
3 5 2A Mt. Wi l l i amson 366C Monterey 380D Biola 395C Courtright Reservoi r
352B Mt. Brewer 3 6 6 D Seas i d e 381A Firebaugh N E 3 9 5 D Blackcap Mtn.
352C Mt. Kaweah 3 6 7C Daylight Pass 381B Poso Farm 3 9 6A Dogtooth Peak
352D M o u n t Whitney 367D Gold Center 381 C Firebaugh 396B H u nti ngton Lake
3 53A S p h i nx Lakes 3 68A Wahguyhe Peak 381 D M e n d ota Dam 396C D i n key Creek
353B Mt. S i l l i man 368B Grapevine Peak 3 8 2A Oxa l i s 396D N e l so n Mtn.
353C Lodgepole 3 68C Fal l Canyon 382B D o s Palos 3 9 7A Musick Mtn.
353D Tri p l e Divide Peak 3 6 8 D Th i m ble Peak 3 8 2C H a m m o n d s Ranch 397B Cascade! Po i n t
3 54A M u i r G rove 3 69A East OfTi n M o u n ta i n 3 8 2 D Broadview Farms 3 9 7C Auberry
354B Gen eral Grant Grove 369B Tin M o u nt a i n 383A Charl eston School 3 9 7 D S h aver Lake
3 54C S h ad e q u arter Mtn. 369C Wh ite Top Mtn . 383B Ortigalita Peak NW 3 98A North Fork
3 54 D G i a n t Forest 369D Dry Bone Canyo n 383C Ortigalita Peak 398B O ' N eals
355A M i ra m o nte 370A Dry M o u n ta i n 383D Lagu n a Seca Ranch 3 98C M i l lerton Lake West
3 5 5 B Tu cker M t n . 370B Sal i n e Peak 384A Los B a n os Val l ey 398D M i l lerton Lake East
3 5 5 C Stokes M t n . 370C West OfTeakettle 384B Mariposa Peak 3 9 9A Knowles
3 5 5 D Auckland J u nction 384C Q u i e n Sabe Val l ey 399B Raymo n d
3 5 6A Orange Cove N o rth 370D Teakettle J u nction 384D Ruby Canyon 399C Dau lton
356B Wahtoke 3 7 1 A East OfWaucoba 385A Three Sisters 399D Little Tab l e Mtn.
3 5 6C Reedley Canyon 385B San Fel i p e 400A Rayn o r Creek
3 5 6 D Orange Cove South 371 B Waucoba Canyon 385C H o l l i ster 400B Le G ra n d
3 S7A Sanger 371 C Pat Keyes Canyon 3 8 5 D Tres Pinos 400C Bere n d a
357B M alaga 371 D Lower Warm Spri ngs 3 86A Ch itten d e n 4 0 0 D Kismet
302 A P P E N D I X I : LIST O F Q UA D RA N G L E M A PS

401 A P l a i n s b u rg 415D Mt. H i lgard 430C I nd ian Gard e n Creek 445A M idway
401 B El N i d o 4 1 6A Sh arktooth Peak 43 1 A Dyer 445 B Alta m o n t
401 C Bliss Ranch 41 6B Balloon Dome 43 1 B J u n i per Mtn. 445C Mendenhall Spri ngs
401 D Chowc h i l l a 4 1 6C Kaiser Peak 43 1 C Mt. Barcroft 445 D Cedar Mtn .
402A Sandy M u sh 4l 6D Mt. Givens 43 1 D Station Peak 446A Livermore
402 B Tu rner Ranch 4 1 7A Sq u aw Dome 432A White Mtn. Peak 446 B Dublin
402C Delta Ranch 417B Little S h u teye Peak 43 2 B H a m m ii Valley 446C N i les
402 D Santa Rita Bridge 4 1 7C Sh uteye Peak 432C C h i d ago Canyon 446D La Costa Valley
403A San Luis Ranch 417D M a m moth Pool Dam 432 D C h a lfant Valley 447A H ayward
403 B l n gomar 4 1 8A Wh ite C h i ef Mtn . 433A Banner Ridge 447B San Leandro
403C Vo lta 418B Fish C a m p 43 3 B Watterson Canyon 447C Redwood Poi nt
403 D Los Banos 4 1 8C Bass Lake 433C Tom s Place 447D Newark
404A H oward Ranch 4 1 8 D Ahwah n ee 433 D Casa Diablo M t n . 448A H u nters Po i n t
404B Crevison Peak 4 1 9A Stu m pfi e l d M t n . 434A Whitmore H ot S p ri ngs 448 B S a n Francisco South
404C Pacheco Pass 4l 9 B Mari posa 434B O l d M a m m oth 448C Montara M o u n ta i n
404D San Luis Dam 4 1 9C Ben H u r 434C Bloody Mtn . 4 4 8 D S a n Mateo
40SA M u stang Peak 419D Horsecamp Mou ntain 434D Convict Lake 449C Davis M o u n ta i n
405B M i ssissippi Creek 420A Cath eys Valley 435A M a m moth M t n . 450B Tru man Mead ows
405C G i l roy H ot S p ri ngs 420B I nd ian G u l c h 43 5 B Mt. Ritter 450C Benton
405D Pacheco Peak 4 2 0 C Owe ns Reservo i r 435C Cattle Mtn. 450D Bou n d ary Peak
406A Mt. Sizer 420D I l l inois H i l l 43 5 D Crystal Crag 45 1 A Rive r S p ri ng
406B M o rgan H i l l 42 1 A H aystac k Mtn. 436A Mt. Lye l l 451 B I n d ian M ead ows
406C M t . Madonna 421 B Yosem ite Lake 43 6 B M e rced Peak 451 C Glass M o u n ta i n
4 0 6 D G i l roy 42 1 C Merced 436C S i n g Peak 451 D Benton H ot Spri ngs
407 A Santa Teresa H i l ls 421 D Planada 436D Ti m be r Knob 452A Cowtrack M o u n tain
407B Los Gatos 422A Wi nton 437A H a l f Dome 452B Mono M i l l s
407C Laurel 422B Cressey 43 7 B El Capitan 4 5 2 C Crestview
407D Loma Prieta 422C Arena 437C Wawo na 452D Dexter Canyon
408A Castle Rock Ridge 4 2 2 D Atwater 437D M ariposa G rove 453A Lee Vi n i ng
408B Big Bas i n 423A Tu rlock 438A El Portal 453B M o u n t Dana
408C Daven port 423 B H atch 438B Kinsley 453C Koi p Peak
408D Felton 423C G u sti n e 438C Fe l iciana Mtn . 453D J u n e Lake
409A Fra n k l i n Poi nt 423 D Stevi nson 438D Bucki ngham M t n . 454A Tioga Pass
409B Pigeon Poi nt 424A Crows La n d i ng 439A Buckhorn Peak 454B Falls Ridge
409D Afio N u evo 424B Patterson 439B Cou ltervil l e 454C Tenaya Lake
41 OB Sylva n i a Mts. 424C Orest i m b a Peak 439C H ornitos 454D Voge lsang Peak
41 OC Last Cha nce Mtn . 424D N ewman 439D Bear Valley 455A Ten Lakes
4 1 0 D Tu l e Canyon 425A Copper Mtn. 440A Penon Blanco Peak 45 5 B H etch Hetchy Reservoi r
41 l A Sylvania Canyon 425B Mt. Board man 440B La Grange 4 5 5 C Tamarack Flat
41 1 B Choco late M t n . 425C Mt. Stakes 440C S n e l l i ng 45 5 D Yose m ite Fa l l s
41 1 C S o l d i e r Pass 4 2 5 D Wilcox Ridge 440D M erced Fal l s 456A Lake Eleanor
41 1 D H orse Th ief Canyon 426A Eylar Mtn. 44 1 A Cooperstown 45 6 B Ch erry Lake South
4 1 2A Crooked Creek 426B Mt. Day 441 B Pau lsell 456C Ascension Mtn .
41 2B Bla nco Mtn. 426C Lick Observatory 441 C M ontpelier 45 6 0 Ackerson Mtn .
4 1 2 C Westgard Pass 426D Isabel Valley 441 D Tu rlock Lake 457A Du ckwa l l M t n .
412D Dee p S p ri ngs Lake 427 A Cal averas Reservoi r 442A Waterford 45 7 B Tu ol u m ne
4 1 3A Laws 427B M i l p itas 442 B Riverbank 457C Groveland
41 3 B Fish Slo ugh 427C San Jose West 442C Ceres 45 7 D J awbo n e Ridge
41 3 C Bishop 427D San J o se East 442D Denair 458A Stand ard
41 3 D Poleta Canyon 428A M o u n ta i n View 443A Salida 45 8 B Sonora
4 1 4A Rovana 428B Palo Alto 443 B Ripon 458C C h i n ese Cam p
414B Mt. Morgan 428C M i ndego H i l l 443C Westley 45 8 D M occasin
4 1 4C M o u n t To m 428D Cu pert i n o 443D Brush Lake 459A N ew M e l ones Dam
4 1 4 D Tu ngsten H i l l s 4 2 9 A Woodside 444A Vern a l i s 45 9 B Coppero p o l i s
41 5A Mt. Abbot 42 9 B H a l f Moon Bay 444B Tracy 459C Knights Ferry
41 5 B G raveyard Peak 429C San Gregorio 444C Lone Tree Creek 45 9 D Keystone
415C Florence Lake 429D La H o n d a 444D Solyo 460A Bachelor Valley
 APPEN DIX I : L I S T O F Q U A D RA N G L E M A P S 303

460 B Farm i ngton 474C Twai n H arte 489C So nora Pass S 04 B Long Dry Canyon
460C Escalon 474D H u l l Creek 489D Pickel Meadow S 04C Risue Canyon
460D Oakdale 47SA Sta n i slaus 490A Dardanel les Cone S 04D Desert Creek Peak
461 A Peters 47SB M u rphys 490B S p i ce r M eadows Res. S O S A To paz Lake
461 B Stockton East 47SC Co l u m b i a 490C D o n n e l l Lake SOSB Heenan Lake
461 C Manteca 4 7 S D Co l u m b i a S E 490D Dard a n e l l e SOSC WolfCreek
461 D Ave na 476A Calaveritas 49 1 A Tamarack SOSD Colev i l l e
462A Stockton West 476B San A n d reas 491 B Calaveras Dome S06A M arkleevi l l e
462B Holt 476C Salt Spring Valley 491 C Boards Crossing S06B Carson Pass
462C Union Island 476D Angels Camp 49 1 D Li berty H i l l S06C Pacific Valley
462D Lath rop 477A Valley S prings 492A Garnet H i l l S06D Eb betts Pass
463A Woodward Island 477B Wal lace 49 2 B Devi ls N o se S 0 7A Caples Lake
463 B Brentwood 477C Valley Springs SW 492C Fort Mou ntain S 0 7 B Traged y Spring
463C Byron Hot Spri ngs 477D J e n n y Li nd 492D Dorri ngton S 07C Bear River Reservoi r
4 6 3 D Cl ifton C o u rt Forebay 478A C l e m ents 493A West Poi nt S 0 7 D M o ke l u m n e Peak
464A Antioch South 478B Lockeford 493 B Pine Grove S O SA Leek S p ri n g H i l l
464B Clayton 478C Waterloo 493C Mokel u m n e H i l l S08B Stu m p Spri ng, Calif.
464C Diablo 478D Linden 493D Rai l Road Flat ( = O l d I ro n M o u n tai n )
4 6 4 D Tassajara 479A Lod i North 494A Amador City S O SC Caldor
46SA Wa l n u t Creek 479B Thornton 494B I rish H i l l SOSD Ped d ler H i l l
46SB Briones Valley 479C Term i n o u s 494C lone S 09A S l y Park
46SC Oakland East 4 7 9 D Lod i South 494D J ackson S09B Ca m i n o
4 6 S D Las Tram pas Ridge 480A I s l eton 49SA Carbo n d a l e S 09C Aukum
466A Rich m o n d 480B Rio Vista 49 S B Slough h o u se S 0 9 D O m o Ranch
466B S a n Quentin 480C J e rsey Island 49SC Clay S 1 0A Placervi l l e
466C San Francisco North 480D Bou l d i n Island 49 S D Goose Creek S 1 0B S h i ngle Spri ngs
4 6 6 D Oakland West 48 1 A B i rd s Lan d i ng 496A Elk G rove S 1 0C Latro be
467A San Rafael 481 B Denverton 49 6 B Florin S 1 0 D Fid d l etown
467B Boli nas 48 1 C H o n ke r Bay 496C Brucevi l l e S11A Clarksvi l l e
467D Poi nt Bon ita 481 D Antioch North 4 9 6 D Galt S1 1 B Fol so m
467E D o u b l e Po i n t 482A Fairfi e l d South 497A Clarks b u rg S1 1 C B u ffa l o Creek
468B Anchorite H i l l s 482 B Cord e l i a 497B Saxon S1 1 D Fo lsom S E
468C West O f H u ntoon 482C Benicia 497C Li berty I sland S 1 2A Citrus H eights
Spring 48 2 D Vi n e H i l l 497D Courtland S 1 2B Rio Li n d a
468D H u ntoon S p ring 483A Cutti ngs Wharf 498A Dixon S 1 2C Sacramento East
469A Cedar H i l l 483B Sears Poi nt 498B Allendale S 1 2 D Carm ichael
469 B Ki rkwood Spring 483C Peta l u ma Poi nt 498C E l m i ra S 1 3A Taylor M o n u m e n t
469C S u l p h u r Pond 483D Mare Island 498D Dozier S 1 3B G rays B e n d
4 6 9 D Alameda Wel l 484A Peta l u ma River 499A Mt. Vaca S 1 3C Davis
470A Bod i e 484B Peta l u ma 499B Capell Va l l ey S 1 3 D Sacramento West
470 B B i g Alkali 484C San Gero n i m o 499C Mt. George S 1 4A Woo d l a n d
470C Lu ndy 484D Novato 499D Fairfi e l d N o rth S 1 4B M ad i so n
4 7 0 D Negit I sland 48SA Point Reyes N E SOOA You n tvi l l e S 1 4C Winters
47 1 A Twi n Lakes 48S B To m a l es SOOB Ruth erford S 1 4 D Merritt
471 B Buckeye Ridge 48SC Drakes Bay SOOC Sonoma S 1 SA Esparto
471 C M atterhorn Peak 48SD I nverness SOOD Napa S 1 SB Brooks
471 D D u n d erberg Peak 486C Aurora S01 A Kenwood S 1 SC Lake Berryessa
472A Tower Peak 487A Conway Stage Station S01 B Santa Rosa S1 SD Monticello Dam
472B Em igrant Lake 487B Sweetwater Creek S01 C Cotati S 1 6A Wa lter Spri ngs
472C Tilti l l Mtn. 487C Bridgeport S 0 1 D G l e n E l len S 1 6B Aetna Spri ngs
472 D Pi ute M t n . 487D Dome H i l l S 0 2A Sebastopol S 1 6C St. H e l e n a
4 7 3 A Cooper Peak 488A M t . Patterson S02B Camp Meeker S 1 6 D C h i les Val l ey

473B Pinecrest 488B Chris Flat S02C Valley Ford S 1 7A Detert Reservoi r
473C C herry Lake North 488C Fales Hot Spri ngs S 0 2 D Two Rock S 1 7B M o u n t St. Helena
473D K i b b i e Lake 488D Mt. J ackson S 03A Du ncans M i l l s S 1 7C Mark West S p ri ngs
474A Strawberry 489A Lost Can n o n Peak S03B Arched Rock S 1 7 D C a l istoga
474B Cra n d a l l Peak 489B Disaster Peak S03D Bod ega Head S 1 8A J i mtown
304 A P P E N D I X I : L I S T OF Q U A D R A N G L E M A P S

5 1 8B Geyservi l l e 533C Wh ispering P i n es 547D Salt Canyon 5620 Mou lton Weir
5 1 8C Guernevi l l e 5330 Middletown 548A H ough Spri ngs 5 63A Logan Ridge
5 1 8D Healdsburg 534A Kelseyv i l l e 548B Bartlett Springs 563B Rai l Canyon
5 1 9A Warm Springs Dam 534B H ighland Springs 548C C l earlake Oaks 563C Lodoga
5 1 9B To mbs Creek 534C Asti 5480 Ben m ore Canyon 5 6 3 0 Sites
5 1 9C Fort Ross 534D The Geysers 549A Bartlett Mtn . 5 64A Stonyford
5 1 9 D Cazadero 5 3 5A H op la n d 549B U pper Lake 5 64 B St. J o h n M t n .
5 2 0A An napo l i s 535B Yorkv i l l e 549C Lakeport 5 64C Fouts Spri ngs
520B Stewarts Po i n t 535C Big Foot M t n . 549D Lucerne 5 64D G i l m o re Peak
520D Plantatio n 5 3 5 0 Cloverdale 5 50A Cow Mou ntai n 565A Crockett Peak
521 C Carters Station 536A Ornbaun Val ley 550B U kiah 565B Lake P i l l s b u ry
522A M i nd e n 536B Zen i Ridge 550C E l ledge Peak 565C Elk Mou nta i n
522B South Lake Ta hoe 536C M c G u i re Ridge 550D Pu rdys Gard e n s 565D Potato H i l l
522C Freel Peak 5 3 6 D G u b e M o u n tain 551A Orrs Spri ngs 5 66A Van Arsdale Reservo i r
5 2 2 D Woodford s 5 3 7A E u reka H i l l 551 B Bailey Ridge 566B Foster M t n .
523A Emerald Bay 537B Point Are n a 551C Philo 566C Redwood Valley
523B Rockbou n d Valley 537C Saun ders Reef 551 0 Boonvi l l e 566D Potter Valley
523C Pyra m i d Peak 5 3 7 D G u alala 5 5 2A N avarro 5 67A Wi l l its
523D Echo Lake 5 3 8A Ki ngs Beach 552B Elk 567B B u rbeck
524A Loon Lake 5 3 8 B Tahoe City 552C Mallo Pass Creek 5 67C Greenough Ridge
524B Robbs Peak 538C H o m ewood 5 5 2 0 Cold Spring 5670 Laugh l i n Range
524C Riverton 5380 Meeks Bay 553A Albion 5 68A Nort h s p u r
524D Kyb u rz 5 3 9A Gran ite C h i ef 554A Boca 568B Noyo H i l l
525A Devil Peak 539B Royal Gorge 554B H o bart M i l l s 5 68 C Math i s o n Peak
525B Tu n ne l H i l l 539C B u n ker H i l l 554C Truckee 5 6 8 D Com ptche
5 2 5 C S l ate M t n . 5 3 9 0 Wentworth Spri ngs 554D M artis Peak 5 6 9A Fort B ragg
525D Pol lack Pines 540A D u n can Peak SSSA I n d ependence Lake 569D M e n d oc i n o
5 2 6A Georgetown 540B Westv i l l e 555B Webber Peak 570A Evans Canyon
526B Greenwood 540C M i c h igan B l u ff SSSC Soda Springs 570B Loya lton
526C Coloma 540D G r e e k Store 5550 N o rd e n 570C Sard i n e Peak
526D Garden Valley 541 A D u tc h Flat 5 5 6A Engl ish Mtn. 5700 Dog Valley
527A A u b u rn 541 B C h i cago Park 556B G ran itevi l l e 571 A Antelope Valley
527B Gold H i l l 541 C Colfax 556C B l u e Canyon 571 B Cal p i n e
527C Rockl i n 541 0 Forest h i l l 5 5 6 0 Cisco G rove 571 C Sattley
527D P i l ot H i l l 542A Grass Valley 5 5 7A A l l eghany 5 7 1 0 Si erravi l l e
5 2 8A Li n c o l n 542 B Rough And Ready 557B P i ke 572A Clio
528B S heridan 542C Wo l f 557C N o rth Bloomfi e l d 572B G o l d Lake
528C Pleasa n t G rove 542 D Lake C o m b i e 5 5 7 D Wash i ngton 572C Sierra City
5280 Rosevi l l e 5 4 3 A S m artvi l l e 5 5 8A C a m ptonvi lle 572D H aypress Valley
5 2 9A N icolaus 543 B Browns Valley 558B Challenge 573A Mt. Fi l l m o re
529B S u tter Causeway 543C Wheatland 5 5 8C French Corral 573B La Porte
529C Knights Lan d i ng 5430 Cam p Far West 558D Nevada City 573C Goodyears Bar
5 2 9 D Vero n a 544A Yuba City 559A Rackerby 5730 Oown i evi l l e
5 3 0A Kirkv i l l e 544B S u tter 559B Bangor 5 74A American H o u se
530B D u n nigan 544C G i lsizer S l ough 559C Lo m a Rica 5 74 B Cascade
5 3 0C Zamora 5440 O l iveh u rst 5 5 9 D Oregon H ouse 574C C l i pper M i l l s
5300 Eldorado Bend 545A Sutter Buttes 5 6 0A Palermo 5 74D Strawberry Valley
531A Wi ldwood School 545B Meri d i a n 560B Biggs 575A Brush Creek
531 B R u m sey 5 4 5 C G ri m es 5 6 0C G ri d l ey 575B Berry Creek
53 1 C Guinda S4SO Tisdale Weir 5600 H o n cut 575C Orovi l l e Dam
531 D Bird Val ley 546A Colusa 561A West Of Biggs 575D Forbestown
532A Glascock Mtn . 546B Wi l l ia m s 561 B Butte City 576A Cherokee
532B Wilson Valley 5 4 6 C Corti n a Creek 561 C San born Slough 576B H a m l i n Canyon
5 3 2 C J ericho Valley 5460 Arbuckle 561 0 Pen n i ngton 576C S h i ppee
5320 Knoxvi l l e 547A Manor S l ough 5 62A Princeton 5 7 6 D Orovi l l e
533A Lower Lake 547B Leesvi l l e 562B Loga n d al e 577A Ch ico
533B Clearlake H ighlands 547C Wi l b u r Spri ngs 562C Maxwe l l 577B Ord Ferry
 A P P E N D I X I : LIST O F Q U A D R A N G L E M A PS 305

S 77C Ll a n o Seco S92B Coh asset 606C Cari bou 6 1 7 D Garbervi l l e

S77D Nelson S92C Paradise West 6 0 6 D Twai n 6 1 8A H o neydew
S 78A H a m i lton City S92D Parad ise East 607A H u m bug Va l l ey 61 8B S h u brick Peak
S78B Orland S 9 3A Campbell M o u nd 607B H u m bo l d t Peak 6 1 8 D S h e l ter Cove
S 78 C Wi l l ows S93B Richardson Spri ngs NW 607C J o n esvi l l e 6 1 9A Cooskie Creek
S78D Glenn S 93 C N o rd 607D Belden 6 2 0A B u l l Flat
S 79 A Fruto N E S93D Richardson Spri ngs 608A Onion Butte 620B Little Mud Flat
S 7 9 B J u l i a n Rocks S94A Vi n a 608B Barkley M t n . 6 2 0C Wen d e l
S79C Fruto S94B Corn i n g 608C Devi l s Parade Grou n d 6 2 0 D S p e n cer Creek
S 7 9 D Sto n e Valley S 94C Kirkwood 608D Butte M eadows 62 1 A S h affer Mtn .
S 8 0A Chro m e S94D Foster Island 6 0 9A Panther Spring 621 B Litchfi eld
S 8 0 B A l d e r S p ri ngs S 9SA H e n leyvi l le 609B Dewitt Peak 62 1 C Stan d i s h
S80C Felkner H i l l S9SB Flou rnoy 609C Acorn H o l l ow 6 2 1 D Wen d e l H ot Spri ngs
S 8 0 D E l k Creek S9SC Sehorn Creek 609D l s h i Caves 622A J o h n sto n vi l l e
S81 A Plaskett Meadows S9SD Black Butte Dam 6 1 0A Tu scan S p ri ngs 622B S u sanvi l l e
S81 B Pl askett Ridge S 96A Paskenta 61 0B Red B l u ff East 622C Diamond Mtn .
S81 C H u l l M o u nta i n S96B Riley Ridge 61 QC Gerber 6 2 2 D J a n esvi l l e
S81 D Kneecap Ridge 596C H a l l Ridge 61 00 Los M o l i n o s 623A Roop M o u n ta i n
S82A Thatc h e r Ridge S96D Newvi l l e 61 1 A Red B l u ff West 623B Pegleg M t n .
S 8 2 B J a m ison Ridge S 9 7A B a l l M o u ntain 61 1 B Blossom 6 2 3 C Westwood East
S82C Brushy M t n . S97B Buck Rock 61 1 C Red Ba n k 623 D Fredonyer Pass
S 8 2 D S a n h e d ri n M t n . S97C M endocino Pass 6 1 1 D West Of Gerber 624A Swa i n M o u ntai n
S83A D o s Rios S97D Log Spri n g 6 1 2A Oxbow Bridge 624B Red C i n d e r
S83B Laytonvi l l e S 9 8A Leech Lake M t n . 612B Cold Fork 624C C h ester
S83C Longva l e S98B B l u e n ose Ridge 6 1 2C Ragl i n Ridge 6240 Westwood West
S 8 3 D Wi l l is Ridge S 9 8C Covelo East 612D Lowrey 62SA Mt. Harkn ess
S84A Cahto Peak S98D Newhouse Ridge 6 1 3A Yo lla B o l ly 1 S ' N E (was 62SB Read i n g Peak
S84B Li n co l n Ridge S 9 9A Mina To m h ead Mtn . 7. S ' ) 62SC C h i ld s Meadows
S84C Dutch m a n s K n o l l S99B U pd egraff Ridge 613B Yo l l a B o l ly 1 S ' N W (was 6 2 S O Stover M t n .
S 8 4 D S h e rwood Peak S99C I ro n Peak North Yo l l a Bolly 7. S ' ) 6 2 6A Lassen Peak
S 8 S A Westport S 9 9 D Covelo West 6 1 3 C Yo lla B o l ly 1 S ' SW (was 626B G rays Peak
S8SD I nglenook 600A Bell Spri ngs Solo m o n Peak 7. S ' ) 6 2 6C Lyo n svi l l e
S 86A Constantia 600B N o b l e Butte 6 1 3 D Yo l l a B o l ly 1 S ' S E (was 626D M i neral
S86B Fre n c h m a n Lake 600C Leggett South Yo l l a Bolly 7. S ' ) 6 2 7A M anton
S 86C C h i l coot 600D Ta n Oak Park 6 1 4A Black Rock M t n . 1 S ' N E 627B S h i ngletown
S86D Beckwo u rth Pass 60 1 A Pi ercy (was Black Rock Mtn. 6 2 7C l n skip H i l l
S 87A Dixie M o u ntain 601 B Bear H arbor 7. S ' ) 627D Fin ley Butte
S87B Crocker M t n . 601 C M istake Poi n t 6 1 4B Black Rock M tn . 1 S ' 628A Tu scan Buttes N E
S 87C Portola 601 D H ales G rove NW (was Swi m Ridge 628B Balls Ferry
S87D Recon naissance Peak 602A Calneva Lake 7. S ' ) 628C Bend
S 88A Grizzly Valley 602B Herlong 6 1 4C Black Rock M t n . 1 S ' SW 628D Dales
S88B Mt. I nga l l s 602C M c Kesick Peak (was Four Corners Rock 6 2 9A Cottonwood
S 88C J o h n svi l l e 602 D Doyle 7. S ' ) 629B Olinda
S88D B l a i rsden 603A M i lford 6 1 4D Black Rock M t n . 1 S ' S E 629C M i tch e l l G u l c h
S89A Spri n g Garden 603 B Stony Ridge (was Wrights Ridge 629D H ooker
S89B Q u i ncy 603C Sq u aw Val l ey Peak 7. S ' ) 630A Ono 1 S ' NE
S89C O n i o n Valley 603D Ferris Creek 6 1 SA S h a n n o n Butte (was O n o 7. S ' )
S89D B l u e Nose Mtn . 604A Antelope Lake 61 SB Zen i a 630B O n o 1 S ' NW
S 9 0A Meadow Va l l ey 604B Kettle Rock 6 1 SC Lake M o u ntain (was Tar B u l l y 7. S ' )
S90B Bucks Lake 604C Gen esee Valley 6 1 S D Long Ridge 630C O n o 1 S ' SW
S90C H aski ns Valley 604D Babcock Peak 6 1 6A Alderpo i n t (was C h i ckabally Mtn .
S90D Dogwood Peak 60SA Moon l ight Peak 61 6B Fort Seward 7.S ' )
5 9 1 A Storrie 60SB Greenvi l l e 6 1 6C Harris 630D O n o 1 S ' S E
S91 B K i m s h ew Point 6 0 S C Crescent M i l l s 6 1 6 D J ewett Rock (was Rosewood 7. S ' )
S91 C Pu lga 6 0 S D Taylorsv i l l e 6 1 7A M i ran d a 63 1 A C h a n c h e l u l l a Peak 1 S '
S 9 1 D Soapstone H i l l 6 0 6 A Canyo n d a m 61 7B Etters b u rg N E (was Arb u c kl e M t n .
S 9 2A Sti r l i n g City 606B Almanor 6 1 7C Briceland 7. S ' )
306 APPEND IX I : L I S T OF Q U A D R A N G L E M A P S

631 B Chanc h e l u l l a Peak 1 5 ' 643A Swains H o l e 657D Ravendale 672A Arcata N o rth
NW ( was Chanchel u l l a 643B Old Station 6 5 8A Anderson Mtn . 672B Tye e City
Peak 7. 5 ) 643C West Prospect Peak 658B Whiti nger M t n . 672C Eureka
631 C Chanc h e l u l l a Peak 1 5 ' 643 D Prospect Peak 658C Grasshopper Valley 6 7 2 D Arcata South
SW (was Plati na 7. 5 ' ) 644A Tho u sand Lakes Valley 6 5 8 D Cleghorn Flat 673A Sn ake Lake
6 3 1 D Chanc h e l u l l a Peak 1 5 ' 644B J ac ks Backbone 6 5 9A Said Valley 673B Emerson Peak
SE (was Beegum 7. 5 ' ) 644C Viol a 659B S i lva Flat Reservoi r 673C Boot Lake
632A Du bake l l a M t n . 1 5 ' N E 644D M anzanita Lake 659C B u l lard Lake 673D Little H at M t n .
(was Wildwood 7. 5 ' ) 645A M i l l e r Mtn . 6 5 9 D S h eepshead 674A J ess Valley
632B Du bake l l a Mtn. 1 5 ' NW 645 B Whitm ore 6 60A Dixie Peak 674B Tu l e M o u n ta i n
(was Du bakella Mtn. 645C I nwood 660B Little Val l ey 674C M ad e l i n e
7. 5 ' ) 645D Hagaman G u l c h 6 60C Carders Reservoir 6740 Cold Spring Mtn.
632C Dubake l l a Mtn. 1 5 ' SW 6 4 6 A Oak R u n 6 6 0 D Straylor Lake 6 7 5A Likely
(was S m o ky Creek 7. 5 ' ) 646B B e l l a Vista 661 A Cable Mtn. 675B Knox M o u n ta i n
6 3 2 D Du bake l l a M t n . 1 5 ' S E 646C Palo Cedro 661 B H ogback Ridge 675C Ash Valley
(was Pony B u c k Peak 646D Clough G u lch 661 C M u rken Bench 675D H o l brook Canyon
7. 5 ' ) 647A Proj ect City 661 D J e l l ico 6 7 6A Am brose Valley
633A N au fu s Creek 647B Sh asta Dam 662A Cassel 676B Ad i n
633 B S p o rtshaven 647C Red d i ng 662B B u rney 676C Letterbox H i l l
633C Ruth Reservo i r 647D Enterprise 662C B u rney Mtn. West 6 7 6 D Lane Reservo i r
633D Forest G l e n 648A Wh iskeytown 662D B u rney Mtn. East 6 7 7A Big Swamp
634A D i n smore 648B Fre n c h G u lch 6 6 3A C h a l k Mtn. 677B Lookout
634B Larabee Valley 648C Sh asta B a l ly 663B Roari n g Creek 677C Biebe r
634C Blocks b u rg 648D Igo 663C M o n tgo mery Creek 677D Hog Valley
634D Black Lassie 649A Lewiston 663D H atchet Mtn. Pass 678A Day
635A Bridgevi l l e 649 B Weavervi l l e 664A Goose Gap 678B Ti m bered Crater
635B Redcrest 649C H oosi m b i m M t n . 6 64 B B o l l i bokka Mtn. 678C Fal l River M i l l s
6 3 5 C Weott 649D B u l ly C h o o p Mtn. 664C M i n n esota Mtn. 678D Pittvi l l e
635D Myers Flat 650A J u nction City 664D Devi ls Rock 679A East Of Po n d osa
636A Scotia 650B H ayfork Bally 665A H a n l a n d Peak 679B Pondosa
636B Taylor Peak 650C H ayfork 665B Lam o i n e 679C B u rney Fal l s
636C Buckeye Mtn. 650D H ayfork S u m m i t 665C B o h e m otash Mtn. 679D Dana
636D Bull Creek 65 1 A B i g Bar 665D O ' B ri e n 680A Dead Horse S u m mit
63 7 A Capetown 651 B Hyam pom Mtn. 6 6 6A D a m n ation Peak 680B Grizzly Peak
637B Cape M e n d o c i n o 651 C H ya m p o m 666B Tri n ity Center 680C Big Bend
637D Petro l i a 6 5 1 D H alf\.vay Ridge 666C Papoose Creek 680D S ku n k Ridge
6 3 8A Al S h i n n Canyon 652A S i m s M o u n tain 6 6 6 D S c h e l l Mtn. 68 1 A Lake McCloud
638B S h i n n M ou ntai n 652 B Board Cam p Mtn. 6 6 7A Covington M i l l 681 B G i rard Ridge
638C Five S p ri ngs 652C Sh owers Mtn . 667B S i l igo Peak 681 C Ye l l owjacket M t n .
6 3 8 D Cherry Mtn. 652D B l a ke M o u ntain 667C Rush Creek Lakes 6 8 1 D Shoei n h orse M t n .
6 3 9A S n owstorm M t n . 6 5 3A M ad River Buttes 6 6 7 D Tri n ity Dam 6 8 2A Dunsmuir
639B West Of S n owstorm 653B laqua Buttes 668A Mt. H i lton 682B Seven Lakes Bas i n
Mtn. 653C Owl Creek 668B Thu rston Peaks 682C Ch icken H awk H i l l
639C Petes Val l ey 6 5 3 D Yager J u nctio n 668C Helena 6 8 2 D To m bsto n e M t n .
639D Karlo 654A McWh i n n ey Creek 668D Dedrick 683A M u m bo Basin
640A Fredonyer Peak 654B Fie l d s Lan d i ng 669A J i m J a m Ridge 683B Tangle Blue Lake
640B Troxel Point 654C Fortu n a 669B Denny 683C Carrvi l l e
640C G a l l atin Peak 6 5 4 D Hydesvi l l e 669C I ro n s i d e Mtn. 6 8 3 D Whisky B i l l Peak
640D Tu n n ison M t n . 655A Can n i ba l I sland 669D Del Loma 684A B i l lys Peak
641 A Spald i n g Tract 655D Fernd a l e 670A Salyer 684B Dead man Peak

641 B C h a m ps Flat 6 5 6A Buckhorn Lake 670B Wil low Creek 684C Cari bou Lake

641 C Antelope Mtn . 656B Dodge Reservoir 670C G ro u se Mtn . 684D Ycatapom Peak

641 D P i kes Point 656C Observatio n Peak 670D H e n n essy Peak 6 8 5A Grassh o pper Ridge
642A H arvey Mtn . 656D Buckhorn Canyon 671 A Lord-Ellis S u m m it 685B Cecilvi l l e
642 B Poison Lake 6 5 7A J u n i per Ridge 671 B B l u e Lake 685C Cecil Lake
642C Bogard Buttes 657B McDonald Peak 671 C Korbel 6 8 5 D Thom pson Peak
642 D P i n e Creek Valley 6 5 7 C Termo 671 D M a p l e Creek 686A You ngs Peak
 A P P E N D I X I : L I S T O F Q U A D RA N G L E M A P S 307

686B Salmon Mtn. 700A China Mtn. 7 1 4A S harp M t n . 727D H ager Basi n
6 8 6 C Tri n ity M t n . 700B Gaze l l e Mtn . 7 1 4B Bray 7 2 8A Sagebrush Butte
686D Dees Peak 700C Scott M o u ntain 7 1 4C Te n n ant 728B Carr Butte
687 A Hopkins Butte 700D South China M t n . 7 1 4D Garner Mtn . 7 2 8C D o u b l e Head M t n .
687B Weitchpec 701 A McConaughy G u lch 7 1 5A Penoyar 728D P i n n ac l e Lake
687C Hoopa 701 B Etna 715B G rass Lake 729A Newe l l
6 8 7 D Tish Tang Poi nt 701 C Eaton Peak 7 1 5C The Whaleback 7 2 9 B Tu lelake
688A French Cam p Ridge 701 D Cal l a h a n 71 SD West H aight M t n . 729C The Pan h a n d l e
688B Bald H i l ls 7 0 2 A Yel l ow D o g Peak 7 1 6A S o l o m o n s Tem p l e 7 2 9 D Copic
688C Panther Creek 702 B English Peak 71 6B Little S h asta 7 3 0A H atfi e l d
688D H u pa M o u n ta i n 702C Sawyers Bar 7 1 6C Lake Sh asti n a 730B Lower Klamath Lake
689A Rodgers Peak 702D Tan n ers Peak 7 1 6 D J u n i pe r Flat 730C Mount Dome
689C Tri n i d ad 703A M e d i c i n e Mtn . 7 1 7A M o n tague 7 3 0 D Captain J acks
6 8 9 D Cra n n e l l 703 B S o m es Bar 71 7B Yreka Stronghold
690A Hansen Island 703C Orleans Mtn . 7 1 7C Duzel Rock 731 A Sh eepy Lake
690B Warren Peak 703D Forks Of S a l m o n 7 1 7 D Gaze l l e 731 B Dorris
690C Eagle Peak 704A B a r k S h anty G u lc h 7 1 8A I n d ian Creek Baldy 73 1 C Sheep M o u n ta i n
690D Eaglevi l l e 704B Lonesome Ridge 718B Russell Peak 7 3 1 D R e d Rock Lakes
691 A S h i e l d s Creek 704C Fish Lake 7 1 8C Greenview 732A Sams Neck
691 B Dorris Reservo i r 704D Orleans 7 1 8 D Fort j o n es 73 2 B Secret S p ri ng M t n .
691 C Little J u n i pe r Reservo i r 705A Blue Creek Mtn . 7 1 9A Scott Bar 732C Panther Rock
6 9 1 D Soup Creek 705B Ah Pah Ridge 71 9B Grider Valley 732D M acdoel
692A Altu ras 705C H olter Ridge 7 1 9C Marble M o u ntain 733A Copco
692B Rattlesnake Butte 705D J o h n sons 71 9D Boulder Peak 73 3 B I ron Gate Reservoi r
692C Graven Ridge 706A Fern Canyon 720A H u ckleberry M t n . 733C Bogus M o u ntain
692D I n fernal Caverns 706D Orick 720B C l ear Creek 73 3 D Dewey G u lch
693A Canby 707A Boyd Hot S p ri n g 720C U konom M t n . 734A Horn brook
693B Was h i ngton Mtn. 707B Lake City 7 2 0 D U konom Lake 734B Cottonwood Peak
693C Ad i n Pass 707C Cedarvi l l e 721 A Bear Peak 734C Badger M t n .
693D Hermit Butte 707D Leonards Hot S p ri ngs 721 B Prescott Mtn . 7 3 4 D Hawki n svi l l e
694A Happy Camp Mtn. 708A Davis Creek 72 1 C C h i m ney Rock 735A Buc khorn Bal ly
694B Cra n k M o u n tain 708B Lau e r Reservoi r 721 D D i l lon M t n . 73 5 B Condrey M t n .
694C Don ica Mtn . 708C Su rprise 722A S h i p M o u ntain 735C Horse Creek
694D H a l l s Canyon 708D Payne Peak 722B Cant H oo k Mtn . 73 5 D McKin ley Mtn.
69SA H o l l e n beck 709A Dead H orse Reservo i r 722C Klamath G l e n 736A Dutch Creek
695B Border Mtn . 709B Whittemore Ridge 7 2 2 D S u m m i t Valley 73 6 B Kangaroo Mtn .
6 9 5 C Whiteh orse 709C Big Sage Reservoi r 723A Childs H i l l 736C Seiad Valley
6 9 5 D Egg Lake 709D M ahogany Ridge 723B Sister Rocks 73 6 D H a m b u rg
696A Porcu p i n e Butte 71 QA Boles Meadows East 723D Req ua 73 7A Figurehead Mtn .
696B Snag H i l l 71 OB Boles Meadows West 724A Lake A n n i e 737B Dead man Point
696C H a m bo n e 71 QC A m b rose 724B Mt. Bidwe l l 73 7C H appy Camp
696D I n d ian S p r i n g M t n . 71 OD J acks Butte 724C Fort Bidwell 73 7 D S l ater Butte
6 9 7A Horse Peak 71 1 A Lone Pine Butte 724D Larks p u r H i l l s 738A Po lar Bear Mtn .
697B Rai n bow M t n . 71 1 B Ri m rock Lake 725A Wi l l ow Ranch 738B Broken Rib Mtn .
697C Kinyon 71 1 C Spa u l d i ng Butte 725B West Of Wi l low Ranch 738C Devi ls Punch bowl
697D Bartle 71 1 D Knobcone Butte 725C McGi nty Poi nt 73 8 D Preston Peak
698A Ash Creek Bu tte 71 2A Perez 7 2 5 D Sugar H i l l 739A S h e l l y Creek Ridge
698B Mt. S hasta 71 2 B Caldwell Butte 726A Pease Flat 739B H igh Plateau Mtn .
698C M cC l o u d 71 2C West Of Kephart 726B Beaver M t n . 739C Gasquet
698D Elk S p r i n g 71 2 D Kephart 7 2 6 C South Mtn . 73 9 0 H u rdygurdy Butte
699A H otl u m 71 3A Schonchin Butte 726D McGi nty Reservo i r 740A H igh Divide
6 9 9 B Weed 71 3 B Bon ita Butte 7 2 7A Weed Valley 740 B S m ith River
699C M o u n t Eddy 71 3C Little Glass Mtn . 727B Steele Swa m p 740C Crescent City
699D City Of Mount S hasta 71 3D M e d i c i n e Lake 7 2 7C Pothole Valley 7400 H io u c h i
308 A P P E N D I X I : L I S T O F Q U A D RA N G L E M A P S

Quad rangle N ames

373A Aberdeen 604A Antelope Lake 688B Bald H i l l s 408 B Big Basin
3 78A Academy 641 C Antelope Mtn. 1 93C Bald Mou ntain 1 3 1 D Big Bear City
45 6 D Ackerson Mtn . 2 6 6A Antelope Plain 1 09 C Baldwin Park 1 05 B Big Bear Lake
027C Acolita 571A Antelope Valley 1 33 B Baldy Mesa 680C Big Bend
609C Acorn H ollow 48 1 D Antioch N o rth 5 97A Ball M o u n ta i n 535C Big Foot Mtn.
1 36 B Acton 464A Antioch South 302C Ball arat 075A Big Maria Mts. NE
270A Ade l a i d a 2 78A Anvi l S p ri n g Canyon 1 91 B Bal l i nger Canyon 075B Big Maria Mts. NW
1 5 8C Adelanto East 41 6 B Balloon D o m e 075D Big Maria Mts. SE
676B Adin 278B Anvi l Spring Canyon 628B B a l l s Ferry 075C Big Maria Mts. SW
693C Ad i n Pass West 559B Bangor 3 9 3A Big Pine
1 59 B Ad obe Mtn . 0 6 6C Anza 433A Banner Ridge 1 67 B Big Pine Mtn .
5 1 6B Aetna S p ri ngs 1 9 1 D Apache Canyon 1 73A Bannock 709C Big Sage Reservoir
0 1 9A Agua Cal i ente Spri ngs 1 5 7C Apple Valley North 01 2D Bard 344D Big S u r
1 3 7A Agua D u lce 1 32 B Apple Valley South 704A Bark Sh anty G u l c h 677A Big Swamp
049A Aguanga 0 1 2C Araz 608B Barkley M t n . 560B Biggs
705B Ah Pah Ridge 546D Arbuckle 009B Barrett Lake 1 76 C Bighorn Basin
4 1 8 D Ahwah nee 672A Arcata N o rth 1 82A Barstow 1 30 D Bighorn Canyon
281 B Airport Lake 6 7 2 D Arcata South 1 82 D Barstow S E 684A Bil lys Peak
638A Al S h i n n Canyon 503B Arched Rock 697D Bartle 380D Biola
4 6 9 D Alameda Well 422C Arena 329A Bartlett 208A Bird Spring
1 64 B Alamo M o u n ta i n 0 9 7C Arica Mou nta i n s 549A Bartlett M t n . 531 D Bird Valley
01 SB Alamorio 076C Arlington M i n e 548B Bartlett Spri ngs 48 1 A B i rd s Lan d i ng
069B Alberh i l l 221 A Arroyo Grande N E 41 8C Bass Lake 4 1 3C Bishop
5 53A Albion 01 8B Arroyo Tapiado 1 93 B Bates Canyon 1 8 6A Bissell
31 5B Alca l d e H i l l s 2 1 4A Arvin 319D Bear Canyon 204B Bitter Spring
2 9 6A A l d e r Peak 4 5 6C Asce nsion Mtn . 601 B Bear Harbor 595D Black Butte Dam
580B Alder S p rings 698A Ash Creek Butte 213B Bear Mou ntain 233A Black H i l l s
6 1 6A Alderpo i n t 1 53A Ash H i l l 72 1 A Bear Peak 634D Black Lassie
5 5 7A Alleghany 675C Ash Valley 5 0 7C Bear River Reservoi r 1 64A Black M t n .
498 B Allendale 345B Ashton 43 9 D Bear Valley 6 1 4A B l a c k Rock Mtn. 1 5 ' N E
288C Allensworth 534C Asti 346C BeattyJ u n ction (was Black Rock M t n .
606B Almanor 1 83C Astley Rancho 084B Beau m o n t 7. 5 ' )
288B Alpaugh 246B Atascadero 048B Beauty Mou ntain 6 1 4B Black Rock M t n . 1 5 '
021 D A l p i n e 4 2 2 D Atwater 726B Beaver Mtn. NW (was Swim Ridge
1 60 B A l p i n e Butte 3 9 7C Auberry 586D Beckwourth Pass 7. 5 ' )
261 A Alta S ierra 5 2 7A Au b u rn 372D Bee S p ri ngs Canyon 6 1 4D Black Rock Mtn. 1 5 ' S E
445 B Altamont 3 5 5 D Auckland 607D Belden (was Wrights Ridge
692A Alturas 043A August i n e Pass 600A B e l l S p ri ngs 7. 5 ' )
2 0 5 D Alvord Mtn . East 509C Aukum 646B B e l l a Vista 6 1 4C Black Rock M t n . 1 5 '
205C Alvord Mtn . West 4 8 6 C Aurora 242B B e l ridge SW (was Fou r Corners
494A Amador City 252C Avawatz Pass 4 1 9C Ben H u r Rock 7. 5 ' )
1 5 1 C Am boy 4 6 1 D Ave na 238C Bena 0 8 7C Black Star Canyon
1 52 D Am boy Crater 3 1 4C Ave nal 628C Bend 067 A Blackb u rn Canyon
71 OC Am brose 2 9 0C Ave nal Gap 482C Benicia 395D Blackcap Mtn .
676A Am brose Valley 060C Aztec M i nes 548D Ben m o re Canyon 372B Blackrock
574A American H o u se 1 09 B Azusa 450C Benton 2 74 D Blackwater M i n e
0 2 8 D Amos 604D Babcock Peak 45 1 D Benton Hot Springs 233D Blackwater We l l
ANAC Anacapa Island 068D Bac helor Mtn . 400C Berenda 266D Blackwe l l s Corner
088C A n a h e i m 460A Bach e l o r Valley 575B Berry Creek 588D B l a i rsden
468 B Anchorite H i l l s 734C Badger Mtn. 1 1 1C Beverly H i l l s 652D Blake M o u n ta i n
6 5 8A And erson M t n . 301A Badwater 363C B i c kmore Canyon 41 2 B Bla nco Mtn .
4 7 6 D Angels C a m p 1 52C Bagdad SW 677C B i eber 1 75 D Blind Hills
520A A n n a p o l i s 551 B Bai ley Ridge 470B Big Al kal i 401 C Bliss Ranch
4 0 9 D Aiio N u evo 228D Baker 651A Big Bar 634C Blacksburg
 A P P E N D I X I : L I ST O F Q U A D RA N G L E M A P S 309

434C Bloody Mtn . 1 2 6C Bristol Lake SW 1 2 5C Cadiz Lake 235C Cantil

61 1 B Blossom 382D Broadview Farms 1 2 5A Cadiz Lake N E 360D Cantua Creek
5 5 6C Blue Canyon 1 78C Broadwell Lake 1 25 B Cadiz Lake NW 606A Canyondam
705A Blue Creek M t n . 1 78A Broadwell Mesa 1 5 0C Cadiz S u m m i t 637B Cape M e n d o c i n o
671 B Blue Lake 738B Broken Rib Mtn. 0 9 9 A Cadiz Va l ley N E 296B C a p e San Marti n
r
0 2 7A B l u e M o u ntain 515B Brooks 099B Cadiz Valley NW 499B Capell Valley
589D Blue Nose Mtn. 1 51 B Brown Buttes 0 9 9 D Cadiz Val ley S E 63 7A Capetown
598B Blu e n ose Ridge 543 B Browns Valley 099C Cadiz Valley SW 507 A Caples Lake
058D Blythe 496C Brucevi l l e 584A Cahto Peak 7 3 0 D Captain Jacks
058A Blythe N E 575A Brush Creek 0 6 7 D Cah u i l la M t n . Stronghold
652B Board Camp Mtn . 443D Brush Lake 31 O B Cairn s Corner 49SA Carb o n d a l e
49 1 C Boards Crossing 582C Brushy Mtn. 1 33 C Cajon 606C Cari bou
5 54A Boca 295D Bryson 1 1 2B Calabasas 684C Caribou Lake
5 0 3 D Bodega H ead 597B Buck Rock 491 B Calaveras D o m e 343 B Carm e l Val l ey
470A Bod i e 636C Buckeye Mtn. 4 2 7A Calaveras Reservoir 5 1 2 D Carm i c h ael
642C Bogard Buttes 471 B B u c keye Ridge 476A Calaveritas 243A Carneros Rocks
733C Bogus M o u ntain 735A Buckhorn Bally 508C Caldor 1 42A Carpinteria
665C Bohemotash M t n . 656D Buckhorn Canyon 712B Caldwe l l Butte 728B Carr Butte
322D Bole Spring 656A B u c khorn Lake 220A Caldwe l l Mesa 0 1 8 0 Carrizo M t n .
71 OA Boles M eadows East 439A Buckhorn Peak 004B Calexico 0 1 8A Carrizo M t n . N E
71 OB Boles M e adows West 438D Bucki n gham Mtn. 3 3 7 D Calflax 6 8 3 C Carrvi l l e
467B Bolinas 590B Bucks Lake 2 1 8 D Caliente Mtn. 506B Carson Pass
664B B o l l i bokka M t n . 048A Bucksnort Mtn. 21 O B California City North 5 2 1 C Carters Station
004A Bonds Corner 1 77 D Budweiser Wash 21 OC Californ i a City South 3 5 8 D Caruthers
71 3 B Bon ita Butte S1 1 C Buffa l o Creek 285B California Hot Spri ngs 433D Casa Diablo M t n .
307D Bon ita Meadows 636D B u l l Creek 244D Californ ia Val ley 3 0 7A Casa Vieja Meadows
380B Bon ita Ranch 6 2 0A B u l l Flat 029C Cali patria SW 574B Cascade
388C Bo n n i e Claire SW 659C B u l lard Lake ( =Westmorland West) 397B Cascade! Poi n t
050C B o n sa l l 649 D B u l l y Choop Mtn. 5 1 7 D Cal istoga 332A Case M o u nta i n
5 5 1 D Boo nvi l l e 539C B u n ke r H i l l 7 0 1 D Callahan 1 9 6 D Cas m a l i a
6 7 3 C Boot Lake 1 1 1A B u rban k 6 0 2A Calneva Lake 6 6 2A Cassel
695B Border Mtn. 567B B u rbeck 571 B Cal p i n e 1 SOB Castle Dome
2 09C Boron 295C B u rnett Peak 1 2 6A Cal u m et M i n e 2 24C Castle Peaks
2 09A Boron N E 662 B B u rney 1 2 6 D Cal u m et M o u ntains 1 46C Castle Rock
209B Boron NW 679C B u rney Fal ls 2 74 B Calvada Springs 408A Castle Rock Ridge
031 B Borrego M o u n ta i n 662D B u rney Mtn . East 1 1 4A Camari l lo 1 04C Catclaw Flat
031 D Borrego Mou ntain S E 662C B u rney Mtn . West 2 6 8 D Camatta Canyon 082C Cathedral City
047C Borrego Palm Canyon 1 63A Bu rnt Peak 245A Camatta Ranch 420A Catheys Valley
032A Borrego S i n k 336B Bu rrel 2 7 1 D Cam bria 435C Cattle M t n .
049C Boucher H i l l 3 3 5A Bu rris Park 008B Cameron Corners 2 04D Cave Mou nta i n
71 9 D Boulder Peak 281 D Bu rro Canyon 509B Cam i n o 247B Cayucos
480D Bould i n Island 296D Bu rro Mou ntain 543D Camp F a r West 5 1 9 D Cazadero
450D B o u n dary Peak 1 32 D Butler Peak 502B Camp Meeker 685C Cec i l Lake
707 A Boyd Hot S p ring 561 B Butte City 3 0 8A Camp Nelson 685B Cec i l vi l l e
2 94D Bradley 608D Butte Meadows 1 55 B Camp Rock M i n e 3 74C Cedar G rove
2 1 9A B ranch Mtn . 066D Butterfly Peak 308B C a m p Wi shon 469A Cedar H i l l
0 1 6A Brawley 241 B Buttonwi l l ow 593A Cam pbell M o u n d 445D Cedar M t n .
01 6B Brawley NW 079D B uzzard Spring 0 0 8 C Campo 707C Cedarvi l l e
7 1 4B Bray 0 2 6A Buzzards Peak 558A Camptonvi l l e 3 2 8 D Cente n n ial Canyon
2 3 8A Breckenridge Mtn . 463C Byron Hot Spri ngs 0 7 0 D Can ada Gobernadora 442C Ceres
463 B Brentwood 084A Cabazon 693A Canby 362B Cerro Colorado
6 1 7C Briceland 661A Cable Mtn. 2 5 9C Cane Canyon 3 5 0 D Cerro Gordo Peak
487C Bridgeport 21 1 B Cache Peak 2 84D Can n e l l Peak 330B Chagoopa Fal l s
6 3 5A Bridgeville 0 1 3C Cactus 6 5 5A Can n i bal I s l a n d 4320 Chalfant Val l ey
465B Bri o n es Valley 3 0 5 D Cactus Peak 1 1 2A Canoga Park 6 6 3A C h a l k Mtn.
1 26 B Bristol Lake NW 1 51 D Cadiz 722B Cant H oo k M t n . 558B C h a l l enge
310 APPEN D I X I : LIST O F Q U A D RA N G LE M A PS

641 B Cham ps Flat 5 5 6 D Cisco G rove 6 1 9A Cooskie Creek 424A Crows Land i ng
63 1 A Chanchel u l l a Peak 1 5 ' 5 1 2A Citrus H eights 733A Copco 2 03C Crucero H i l l
N E (was Arbuckle Mtn . 6 9 9 D City Of Mount S hasta 7 2 9 D Copic 43 5 D Crystal Crag
7. 5 ' ) 2 3 7A Claravi l l e 425A Copper Mtn . 1 3 S D Crystal Lake
631 B Chanchel u l l a Peak 1 5 ' 0 4 7 D Clark Lake 2 79C Copper Queen Canyon 1 08A Cucamo nga Peak
NW (was Chanch e l u l la 047A Clark Lake N E 459 B Copperopolis 233C C u d d e back Lake
Peak 7. 5 ' 249D Clark M t n . 3 1 2 D Corcoran 1 90 D C u d d y Val l ey
6 3 1 D Chanc h e l u l l a Peak 1 5 ' 1 OOD Clarks Pass 482 B Cord e l i a 2 1 3 D C u m m i ngs M t n .
SE (was Beegum 7. 5 ' ) 497A Clarksburg 660C Corders Reservo i r 428D C u pert i n o
63 1 C Chanch e l u l la Peak 1 5 ' 51 lA Clarksvi l l e 061 A Corn Spring 31 SC C u rry M o u nta i n
SW (was Plat i n a 7. 5 ' ) 4 9 5 C Clay 594B Corn i n g 483A Cutti ngs Wharf
361A Chaney Ranch 464B Clayton 087A Corona N o rth 1 92A Cuyama
383A Charl eston School 720B C l ear Creek 0 8 7 D Coro n a South 191C Cuya m a Peak
1 47 D Chemeh uevi Peak 533B Clearlake H igh l a n d s 546C Cort i n a Creek 0 2 0A Cuyamaca Peak
5 76A Cherokee 5 4 8 C Clearlake Oaks 3 1 8C Cosio Knob 270C Cypress M o u ntain
473C Ch erry Lake N o rth 6 5 8 D Cleghorn Flat 305C Coso j u nction 1 81 C Daggett
45 6 B Ch erry Lake South 1 2 7 D Cleghorn Lakes 304B Coso Peak 1 OOB Dale Lake
638D Ch erry Mtn. 478A C l e m ents SOl C Cotati 628D Dales
363B Ch erry Peak 463D Cl ifton Court Forebay 629A Cottonwood 6 6 6A Damnation Peak
624C Chester 5 72A Clio 063B Cottonwood Basi n 679D Dana
343 D Ch ews Ridge 5 74C C l i pper M i l l s 348D Cottonwood Canyon 052B Dana Po int
541 B C h i cago Park 646D Clough G u lch 734B Cottonwood Peak 1 5 0A Danby
682C Chicke n H awk H i l l 53SD C l overdale 063A Cottonwood Spring 098A Danby Lake
332C Chicke n coop Canyon 3 78C Clovis 131A Cougar Buttes 300B Dantes View
5 77A Chico 013B Clyd e 439B Coultervi l l e 490D Dard a n e l l e
432C C h i d ago Canyon 2 1 5 D Coal O i l Canyon 4 9 7 D Courtland 490A Dardanel les Cone
1 3 6 D C h i lao Flat 3 1 5A Coali nga 395C Cou rtright Reservoi r 327D Darwin
586C C h i lcoot 1 64D Cobblestone Mtn . 598C Covelo East 399C Dau lton
723A C h i lds H i l l 592B Coh asset 599D Covelo West 408C Dave n port
6 2 5 C C h i lds M eadows 360B Coit Ranch 667A Covington M i l l 51 3C Davis
5 1 6 D C h i les Va l ley 6 1 2B Cold Fork 226C Cow Cove 708A Davis Creek
2 1 8B C h i m i n eas Ranch 5 5 2 D Cold Spring 5 5 0A Cow Mou ntain 449C Davis M o u n ta i n
2 1 9C C h i m ney Canyon 674D Cold Spring Mtn . 202C Cowh o l e M o u ntain 678A Day
72 1 C C h i m n ey Rock 5 0 5 D Colevi l l e 3 9 2A Cowhorn Val l ey 367C Daylight Pass
304A C h i n a Gard e n s 541 C Colfax 452A Cowtrack M ou ntain 709A Dead H o rse Reservo i r
700A China Mtn. 047B Col l i n s Valley 078A Coxcomb Mts. 680A Dead H o rse S u m m i t
458C C h i nese Camp 526C Col o m a 393B Coyote Flat 1 2 8A Dead man Lake N E
3 8 6A C h itte n d e n 1 75 B Colton We l l 2 0 6 D Coyote Lake 1 28 B Dead man Lake NW
346B C h l orid e City 475C Col u m bia 006B Coyote We l l s 1 28D Dead man Lake S E
41 1 B C h ocol ate M t n . 200C Col u m bia Mtn. 306C Crag Peak 1 2 8C Dead man Lake SW
2 68A Cholame 4 7 5 D Col u m bia SE 3 5 0A Craig Canyon 299C Dead man Pass
292C Cholame H i l l s 546A C o l u sa 474B C ra n d a l l Peak 684B Dead man Peak
2 9 2 D C h o l a m e Valley 5 6 8 D Comptche 694B C rank M o u n ta i n 737B Dead man Po int
361 B Chou net Ranch 1 36C Condor Peak 6 8 9 D C ra n n e l l 322C Death Valley J u nction
40 1 D Chowc h i l l a 735B C o n d rey M t n . 740C Crescent City 668D Dedrick
488B C h ris Flat 3 1 9C Cone Peak 605C Crescent M i l l s 41 2 D Deep S p ri ngs Lake
2 5 6 D C h ristmas Canyon 357C Conej o 224B Crescent Peak 2 63A Deepwe l l Ranch
580A C h ro m e 0 7 9 C Conej o Wel l 422B Cressey 686D Dees Peak
3 6 5 D C h u a lar 2 7 7 D Confi d e n ce H i l l s East 2 6 9 D Creston 669D Del Loma
1 25 D Chubbuck 277C Confi d e n ce H i l l s West 452C Crestview 022B Del M ar
042 B C h u ckwa l l a S p ri n g 2 1 5A Conner 404B Crevison Peak 1 62A Del S u r
0 4 0 C C i bola 2 1 5C C o n n e r SW 587B Crocker Mtn . 287C Delano East
339A Ciervo Mtn. 5 8 6A Constantia 5 6 5A Crockett Peak 288D Delano West
201A Cima 434D Convict Lake 204A Cronese Lakes 402C Delta Ranch
226D Cima Dome 487 A Conway Stage Station 41 2A Crooked Creek 261 C Dem ocrat Hot Spri ngs
2 3 6 D Cinco 473A Cooper Peak 236C Cross Mou ntain 442 D Denair
329B C i rq u e Peak 441 A Cooperstown 094B Cross Roads 332D Denn ison Peak
..
 A PPEN D IX I: L I S T O F Q U A D RA N G L E M A P S 31 1

669B Denny 632B D u bakella M t n . 1 S ' NW 348A East Of Sand Flat 6 1 7B Etters bu rg
481 B Denverton (was D u bake l l a Mtn. 1 S2A East O f Siberia 672C Eureka
020D Descanso 7. S ' ) 3 69A East OfTin M o u n ta i n S 3 7A E u reka H i l l
248 D Desert 632D Du bake l l a M t n . 1 S ' S E 1 01A East O f Va l l ey M t n . S 70A Evans Canyon
061 B Desert Center (was Pony Buck Peak 078D East OfVictory Pass 333C Exeter
S04D Desert Creek Peak 7. S ' ) 371A East OfWaucoba 426A Eylar Mtn .
083A Desert Hot Spri ngs 632C D u bake l l a Mtn . l S ' SW Canyon 4 9 9 D Fai rfi e l d North
1 7S A Desert S p ri ng (was S mo ky Creek 7. S ' ) 391 D East OfWaucoba 482A Fairfi e l d South
S 1 7A Detert Reservoir 446B Dublin S p ring 1 87C Fai rm ont Butte
S2SA Devil Peak 4S7A Du ckwa l l Mtn. 70 1 C Eaton Peak 284B Fairview
3 24D Devi l s G o l f Course 287A Ducor S06D Eb betts Pass 1 S 7 D Fairview Valley
1 64C Devi l s H eart Peak 290A D u d ley Ridge 323B Echo Canyon 488C Fales H ot Spri ngs
492B Devils Nose 01 OA D u lzura S23D Echo Lake 368C Fal l Canyon
608C Devi l s Parade Grou n d 2Sl B D u m ont Du nes 239D Ediso n 678C Fal l River M i l ls
738C Devi l s Punch bowl S40A D u n can Peak 1 8S B Edwards OS l A Fal l b rook
664D Devils Rock S03A D u ncans M i l ls 6 9 S D Egg Lake 4S4B Fal l s Ridge
324C Devi l s Speedway 471 D Dund erberg Peak 02 1 C El Cajon 263C Famoso
1 07 B Devore 20 4C D u n n 021A El Cajon Mtn. FARA Fara l l o n Islands
733D Dewey G u lch S30B D u n n igan 437B El Capitan 460B Farmi ngton
609B Dewitt Peak 682A Dunsmuir 0 8 SA El Casco 1 31 C Fawnskin
4S2D Dexter Canyon 04SA D u rm i d 01 6D El Centro 438C Feliciana M tn .
464C Diablo 04S D D u rm i d S E 1 S9C El M i rage S80C Fe l kn e r H i l l
622C D i a m o n d Mtn. 307C Du rrwood Creek 1 1 OD El Mo nte 2 1 7A Fel l ows
721 D D i l lo n Mtn. 736A Dutch Creek 401 B El Nido 408D Felton
396C D i n key Creek S41 A Dutch Flat 234B El Paso Peaks 1 74C Fe n n e r
634A Di nsm ore S84C Dutch mans Knoll 438A El Portal 1 74B Fe n n e r H i l l s
489 B Disaster Peak 7 1 7C Duzel Rock 3 1 2C El Rico Ranch 1 74D Fe n n e r S p ring
S 87A Dixie M o u ntain 43 1 A Dyer 070B El Toro 706A Fern Canyon
6 6 0A Dixie Peak 232A Eagle Crags S30D Eldorado Bend 6 S S D Ferndale
498A Dixon 2 9 9A Eagle Mtn. SS2B Elk 603 D Ferris Creek
6S6B Dodge Reservoir 690C Eagle Peak S80D Elk Creek S l O D Fid d l etown
S70D Dog Valley 1 90 B Eagle Rest Peak 4 9 6A Elk Grove 6S4B Fie l d s Land ing
3 9 6A Dogtooth Peak 690D Eaglevi l l e S6SC E l k M ou ntain 1 3 2A Fifteen m i l e Va l l ey
S90D Dogwood Peak 032C Earth q u ake Valley 698D E l k S p ri n g 1 68 B Figueroa M tn .
3SOC Dolom ite 082A East Deception Canyon 2 1 7D El khorn H i l l s 7 3 7A Figurehead Mtn .
487D Dome H i l l 241 C East Elk H i l l s S SO C E l ledge Peak 1 39 B Fi l l m o re
338D Domengine Ranch 0 2 7 D East Of Acolita 498C E l m ira 6 2 7 D Fi n l ey Butte
694C Don ica Mtn. 060D East Of Aztec M i n es S23A Emerald Bay 38l C Firebaugh
490C Donnell Lake 1 78 D East Of Broadwell Lake 237D Emerald Mtn . 381A Firebaugh N E
49 2 D Dorrington 346A East Of Chloride City 1 29 B Emerson Lake 418B Fish Camp
731 B Dorris 1 OOA East Of Dale Lake 673B Emerson Peak 704C Fish Lake
691 B Dorris Reservoi r 299D East Of Dead man Pass 32SB Em igrant Canyon 413B Fish S lough
382B D o s Palos 3 2 3A East Of Ech o Canyon 266B Em igrant H i l l 3 9 3 D Fish Spri ngs
1 43 B Dos P u e b l os Canyon 231 D East Of Goldsto n e 472B Em igrant Lake 33 7 A Five Poi n ts
S 83A Dos Rios 098D East Of G ran ite Pass 32SC Emigrant Pass 638C Five Spri ngs
728C Double Head Mtn. 1 99A East Of G rotto H i l l s 036D Enci n itas 1 73 D Flattop Mtn .
467E Double Poi nt 1 98 D East Of H o m e r M t n . S S 6A Engl ish Mtn. 41 SC Florence Lake
2 3 6A Dove Spring 391 A East OfJ o s h u a Flats 702B English Peak 496B Florin
S73D Downievi l l e 2SOA East Of Kingston Peak 647D Enterprise S9SB Flournoy
6 0 2 D Doyle 2SOD East Of Ki ngston Spring 2 7 7A Epau l et Peak Sl 1 B Fo lsom
498 D Dozier 20SA East Of Langford We l l 460C Esca l o n Sl 1 D Fo lsom SE
48SC Drakes Bay 2S3D East Of Leach Lake 03SD Esco n d i d o 1 0 7C Fontana
230A Drin kwater Lake l 24D East Of M i l l igan S 1 SA Esparto 046C Fonts Po i n t
369D Dry Bone Canyon 2S3A East O f Owl Lake 3 1 SD Espi nosa Canyon S 7 S D Forbestown
3 70A Dry M o u ntain 679A East O f Pon d osa 1 49 B Essex 060A Ford Dry Lake
632A D u bake l l a Mtn. 1 S' N E 0 6 2 D East O f Red Canyon 2 69A Estrella 1 OSC Forest Fal l s
(was Wi ldwood 7. S ' ) 3 2 3 D East O f Ryan 701 B Etna 633D Forest G l e n
312 APPENDIX I: L I S T OF Q U A D RA N G L E M A P S

541 D Forest h i l l 700B Gaze l l e M t n . 002B Grays Wel l 690A H a n se n I s l a n d

703 0 Forks O f Salmon 1 20C Gene Wash 002A G rays Wel l N E 737C Happy Camp
724C Fort Bidwell 354B Gen eral Grant G rove 540D Greek Store 694A Happy Camp Mtn.
5 69A Fort Bragg 604C Genesee Valley 273B G re e n M o n ster M i n e 031 C Harper Canyon
230C Fort I rwin 5 2 6A Georgetown 1 62 C G reen Val l ey 030C Harpers Well
7 1 8 0 Fort j o n es 6 1 0C Gerber 341 C G reenfi e l d 6 1 6C Harris
492C Fort M o u n ta i n 5 1 8B Geyservi l l e 5 67C G reen ough Ridge 348C Harris H i l l
5 1 9C Fort Ross 3 540 G iant Forest 7 1 8C G reenview 337C Harris Ra nch
61 6B Fort Seward 2 8 6A G i bbon Peak 605B Greenvi l l e 1 06 B Harrison Mtn .
654C Fortuna 5 640 G i l m ore Peak 3 00A Greenwater Canyon 2240 Hart Peak
5 940 Foster Island 4060 G i l roy 526B Greenwood 1 80 B Harvard H i l l
566B Foster Mtn . 405C G i l roy Hot Spri ngs 379B G regg 642A Harvey M t n .
1 76A Fou ntain Peak 544C G i lsizer S lough 71 9B Grider Val l ey 590C Haski n s Valley
286B Fou n tain Spri ngs 681 B G i rard Ridge 5 60C Grid l ey 423B Hatch
5 64C Fouts S p ri ngs 0 1 4A Glamis 545C Grimes 6630 Hatchet Mtn. Pass
1 92 0 Fox M o u ntain 0 1 4B Glamis NW 680B G rizzly Peak 730A Hatfi e l d
1 94C Foxe n Canyon 0 1 40 Glamis SE 588A Grizzly Val l ey 1 21 B Havasu Lake
409A Fra n k l i n Poi nt 0 1 4C G l a m i s SW 096C Grom met 7340 Hawki n svi l l e
322B Fra n k l i n We l l 5 3 2A G lascock M t n . 3470 Grotto Canyon 201 D Hayden
1 8 9C Frazier M t n . 1 77A G l asgow 1 99 B Grotto H i l ls 062B H ayfield
309B Frazier Valley 45 1 C G lass M o u n ta i n 670C Grouse Mtn. 062A H ayfi e l d Spring
6 2 3 0 Fredonyer Pass 501 D Glen Ellen 457C G rove land 650C H ayfork
640A Fredonyer Peak 1 09A G l e n d o ra 1 9 6A G ua d a l u p e 650B H ayfork Bally
522C Freel Peak 5780 Glenn 5 3 7 0 G ualala 6500 H ayfork S u m m i t
2 58C Freeman j u nction 261 B G l e n nville 1 08 0 G uasti 5720 Haypress Valley
208B Fre m o n t Peak 3090 G lobe 5 3 6 0 G u be Mou nta i n 42 1 A H aystack M t n .
688A Fre nch C a m p Ridge 1 2 9 0 Goat M o u n tai n 5 1 8C G u ernevi l l e 447A H ayward
558C French Corral 1 74A G offs 3 1 2B G u ern sey 5 1 80 Healdsburg
648 B Fre nch G u lch 3 6 7 0 G o l d Center 3 1 4B G u ijarral H i l l s 005A Hebe r
586B Fre n c h m a n Lake 527B Gold H i l l 53 1 C Gui nda 1 79C Hector
3790 Fresn o N o rth 572B G o l d Lake 423C G u sti n e 0 1 3A Hedges
3 5 8A Fresn o South 389A G o l d M o u ntai n 2890 H ac i e n d a Ra nch 505B Heenan Lake
378B Friant 300C G o l d Valley 289A H ac i e n d a Ran c h N E 668C Helena
080B Fried Liver Wash 231 C Gol dstone 289B H ac i e n d a Ra nch NW 1 5 8A Helendale
044C Fri n k 1 43A Goleta 1 9 9C H ackberry M o u n ta i n 3590 Helm
044A Fri n k N E 3 64C Gonzales 645 0 H agaman G u lch 067B H e m et
044B Fri n k NW 5 73 C Goodyears Bar 7270 H ager Bas i n 595A H e n l eyvi l l e
579C Fruto 49 5 0 Goose Creek 306A H aiwee Pass 670 0 H e n n essy Peak
579A Fruto N E 664A Goose Gap 305B H aiwee Reservoirs 3400 Hepsedam Peak
1 55C Fry M o u n tai n s 2400 G osford 601 D H ales Grove 602B Herlong
3000 Funeral Peak 334C Goshen 437A H al f Dome 6930 Hermit Butte
324A Furnace Creek 1 5 6 0 G ra n d View M i n e 429 B H al f Moon Bay 340A Hernandez Reservoi r
026C Gab les Wash 5 3 9A Gran ite Chief 651 D H alfWay Ridge 3 79C Herndon
301 C Galena Canyon 098C Gran ite Pass 596C H a l l Ridge 1 3 3A Hesperia
2 1 0A G a l i leo H i l l 2 2 7 0 Gran ite S p ring 2 2 7C H a l l oran S p ri ngs 45 5 B Hetch Hetchy Reservoi r
640C Gal latin Peak 556B Gran itevi l l e 6940 H a l l s Canyon 1 60A H i Vista
4 9 6 0 Galt 1 89 B Grapevi n e 696C Hambone 1 2 9A H i dalgo M t n .
1 54C Galway Lake 368B Grapevi n e Peak 7360 H a m b u rg 254B H i d d e n S p ri n g
6 1 7 0 Garbervi l l e 715B Grass Lake 294B H a m es Val l ey 1 79A H i d d e n Valley East
5 2 6 0 Garden Valley 542A Grass Valley 578A H a m i lton City 1 79 B H i d d e n Valley West
2 3 5A Garlock 685A Grasshopper Ridge 576B H a m l i n Canyon 740A H igh Divide
7 1 4 0 Garner Mtn. 658C Grasshopper Va l l ey 43 2 B H a m m i l Val l ey 32 1 C H igh Peak
492A Garnet H i l l 3 80C Gravelly Ford 382C H a m m o n d s Ranch 739B H igh Plateau M t n .
291 B Garza Peak 692C Graven Ridge 301 B H a n a u pah Canyon S34B H ighland Spri ngs
739C Gasq uet 41 5 B G raveyard Peak 335C H a nford 1 67 0 H i ld reth Peak
1 44 B Gaviota 51 3B G rays Bend 390B Hanging Rock Canyon 1 82 B H i n kley
7 1 7 0 Gaze l l e 626B G rays Peak 665A H a n l a n d Peak 740 0 Hiouchi
 A P P E N D I X I : L I S T O F Q U A D RA N G L E M A PS 313

554B Hobart M i l ls 1 93 D H u rricane Deck 3 5 9 B J amesan 604B Kettle Rock

307B Hockett Peak 65 1 C Hyampom 5 8 2 B J a m ison Ridge 3 1 3C Kettleman City
1 82 C Hodge 651 B Hyampom Mtn . 01 OB J a m u l M o u ntai n s 291 A Kettleman Plain
677D Hog Valley 654D Hydesvi l l e 6 2 2 D Jan esvi l l e 081 B Keys View
661 B Hogback Ridge 653B l aq u a Buttes 4 5 7 D Jawbone Ridge 459D Keystone
675D Hol brook Canyon 276D I bex Pass 661 D J el l ico 473D Kibbie Lake
267C H o l l a n d Canyon 276C I bex S p ring 477D J en ny Li n d 591 B Kimshew Point
6 9 5A H o l l e n beck 339B l d ri a 5 3 2 C J ericho Valley 5 3 8A Kings Beach
385C H o l l i ster 066B l d yllwild 480C J e rsey Island 250B Kingston Peak
111D H o l lywood 648D Igo 6 74A Jess Valley 250C Kingston Spring
462 B Holt 420D Illinois H i l l 6 1 6 D J ewett Rock 43 8 B Kinsley
705C H olter Ridge 01 1 D I m perial Beach 669A J i m Jam Ridge 6 9 7C Kinyon
015D Ho ltvi l l e East 01 1 E I m perial Reservo i r 5 1 8A J i mtown 530A Kirkvi l l e
0 1 5A Ho ltvi l l e N E 0 0 7A l n -ko-pah Gorge 338C Joaq u i n Rocks 594C Ki rkwood
0 1 5C Ho ltvi l l e West 076D I n ca 234C J o h a n n es b u rg 469B Ki rkwood Spring
1 73 B Homer 372C I n d ependence 330A J o h nson Peak 400D Kismet
1 9 8C Homer Mtn. 555A I n depen dence Lake 285A J o h nsondale 722C Klamath G l e n
538C H o m ewood 1 02 C I n d i a n Cove 70SD j o h nsons 234A K l i n ke r M t n .
280B H o m ewood Canyon 7 1 8A I n d i a n Creek Baldy 622A J o h nstonvi l l e 581 D Kneecap Ridge
560D Honcut 430C I n d i an Garden Creek 5 8 8 C J o h nsvi l l e 459C Kn ights Ferry
6 1 8A H o n eydew 420B I n d ian G u l c h 2 9 5 B J o lon 529C Kn ights La n d i ng
481 C H o n ker Bay 451 B I n d i an Meadows 6 0 7C J o n esvi l l e 262( Knob H i l l
629D H o o ke r 202A I n d ia n Spring 2 2 5 C J oshua 71 1 D Knobcone Butte
687C H oopa 696D I n d ian Spring M t n . 391 B J oshua Flats 399A Knowles
649C Hoosi m b i m M t n . 064B I n d io 1 03A J oshua Tree N o rth 675B Knox M o u n tain
687A H o pk i n s Butte 692D I n fernal Caverns 1 03 D J oshua Tree South 532D Kn oxvi l l e
059C H o p k i n s Well 585D I nglenook 0 3 3 D J u l ian 453C Ko i p Peak
535A H o pl a n d 090A I nglewood 5 7 9 B J u l ian Rocks 671 C Korbel
224A H o pps Well 403 B I nga mar 650A J u nction City 1 83 B Kramer H i l l s
097 A H o rn Spring 627C l n skip H i l l 453D J u n e Lake 1 84A Kramer J u n cti o n
734A H o rn brook 48 5 D I nverness 7 1 6 D J u n i pe r Flat 31 5D Kreyen h agen H i l l s
439C Horn itos 645C I nwood 1 3 5 B J u n i pe r H i l l s 524D Kyb u rz
2 5 9 D H orse Canyon 258A l nyokern 1 9 8A J u n i pe r M i n e 3 1 4D La C i m a
735C H orse Creek 258D l nyokern S E 43 1 B J u n i pe r M t n . 4 4 6 D La Costa Valley
697 A H orse Peak 494C lone 6 5 7A J u n i pe r Ridge 440B La Grange
41 1 D H orse Th ief Canyon 028B I ris 3 1 9 B J u n i pero Serra Peak 088B La H abra
2 74C H orse Th ief Springs 043 B I ris Pass 4 1 6C Kaiser Peak 429D La H o n d a
41 9 D H o rsecamp Mou ntain 043C I ris Wash 030D Kane Spri ng 022C La J o l l a
048 D H ot S p ri ngs Mtn. 494B I rish H i l l 030A Kane Spring N E 1 88C La Liebre Ranch
699A Hotl u m 733B I ro n Gate Reservo i r 030B Kane S p r i n g NW 0 2 2 D La M esa
548A H o ugh Spri n gs 098B I ro n Mou ntains 736B Kangaroo Mtn . 244C La Panza
404A Howard Ranch 599C I ro n Peak 639D Karla 244A La Panza N E
220D H u as n a Peak 1 55 D I ro n Ridge 332B Kawea h 244B La Panza Ranch
720A H u c kleberry M t n . 669C I ro n s i d e M t n . 358B Kearney Park 058E La Paz M t n .
474D H u l l Creek 426D I s a b e l Valley 373D Kearsarge Peak 573B L a Porte
581 C H u l l M o u ntain 609D l s h i Caves 328A Keeler 065A La Q u i nta
607B H u m boldt Peak 480A I s l eton 2 1 3A Keene 071 D Lagu na Beach
1 01 D H u m bug M o u nta i n 333B Iva n h o e 1 0 6A Kel l e r Peak 01 1 F Lag u n a Dam
607A H u m bug Va l l ey 225D lvanpah 534A Kelseyv i l l e 383D Lagu na Seca Ra nch
3 75 C Hume 248C lvanpah Lake 201 C Kelso 724A Lake An n i e
377B H u m p h reys Statio n 349D J ackass Canyon 1 76 B Kelso Du nes 1 3 2C Lake Arrowh ead
448A H u nters Poi nt 1 84C J ackrabbit H i l l 501A Kenwood 5 1 5( Lake Berryessa
3965 H u ntington Lake 644B jacks Backbone 712D Kep h a rt 1 6 8C Lake Cac h u ma
468 D H u ntoon Spring 71 OD Jacks Butte 3 5 9A Kerman 707B Lake City
688D H u pa M o u ntain 494D Jackson 330C Kern Lake 542D Lake Combie
739 D H u rdygurdy Butte 007C Jacu m ba 330D Kern Peak 456A Lake Eleanor
3 1 4A H u ron 302 B J a i l Canyon 284C Kernville 069A Lake Elsi n ore
314 APPENDIX I : L I S T O F Q U A D RA N G L E M A P S

0840 Lake Fu l m or 3360 Lemoore 2 5 7A Lone Butte 435A Mammoth Mtn.

1 21A Lake Havasu City South 707D Leonards Hot Spri ngs 351 D Lone Pine 41 70 Mammoth Pool Dam
1 62 B Lake H ughes 6 7 6C Letterbox H i l l 71 1A Lone Pine Butte 027B Mam moth Wash
260B Lake Isabella North 1 84B Leu hman Ridge 444C Lone Tree Creek 1 80A Manix
260C Lake Isabella South 360C Levis 289C Lone Tree Wel l 279B Manly Fal l
086C Lake Mathews 649A Lewiston 704B Lonesome Ridge 2 79A Manly Peak
681A Lake McCloud 491 D Li berty H i l l 089C Long Beach 547A Manor Slough
6 1 5C Lake Mountain 497C Li berty Island 306D Long Canyon 461 C Manteca
565B Lake Pil lsbury 426C Lick Observatory 504B Long Dry Canyon 627A Manton
7 1 6C Lake Shastina 1 63 B Liebre Mtn. 61 5D Long Ridge 351 B Manzanar
549C Lakeport 1 88A Liebre Twi n s 583C Longvale 6440 Manzanita Lake
0850 Lakeview 675A Likely 340C Lonoak 1 94A Manzanita Mtn.
665B Lamoine 338B Lil l i s Ranch 677B Lookout 671 D Maple Creek
239C Lamont 270B Li m e Mountain 5 24A Loon Lake 7 1 9C Marble Mountain
2 83 0 Lamont Peak 5 28A Li ncoln 2460 Lopez Mtn. 483 0 Mare Island
1 61 A Lancaster East 584B Li ncoln Ridge 320D Lopez Point 051 B Margarita Peak
1 61 B Lancaster West 478D Linden 237C Loraine 2 1 6C Maricopa
1 29C Landers 3 1 OA Li ndsay 671 A Lord-Ellis S u m m it 3 66A Mari na
206C Lane Mou ntain 1 65 C Lion Canyon 089D Los Alam itos 374A Marion Peak
6760 Lane Reservoir 043 D Lion Head Mtn. 1 70A Los Alamos 419B Mariposa
379A Lanes Bridge 621 B Litchfield 1 1 OC Los Angeles 437 0 Mariposa Grove
205B Langford Wel l 1 87 D Little Buttes 403 D Los Banos 384B Mariposa Peak
634B Larabee Valley 042A Little Chuckwalla Mts. 3 84A Los Banos Valley 5 1 7C Mark West Spri ngs
724D Larkspur H i lls 713C Little G lass Mtn. 407B Los Gatos 5 06A Markleevi lle
051 C Las Pu lgas Canyon 673 D Little H at Mtn. 2 1 9B Los M achos H i l l s 201 B Marl Mou ntai ns
465 D Las Tram pas Ridge 69 1 C Little J u n i per Reservoir 6 1 00 Los Moli nos 06SD Martinez Mtn.
243 B Las Yeguas Ranch 282B Little Lake 1 69A Los Ol ivos 1 23C Marti ns Wel l
626A Lassen Peak 076B Little Maria Mts. 290B Los Viejos 554D Martis Peak
41 OC Last Chance Mtn. 620B Little Mud Flat 489A Lost Cannon Peak 568C Math ison Peak
390D Last Chance Range SE 042 D Little M u l e Mts. 265C Lost H ills 1 41 A Mati l ij a
390C Last Chance Range SW 0 1 2A Little Picacho Peak 2 65A Lost H ills NE 471 C Matterhorn Peak
4620 Lathrop 1 67C Little Pine Mtn. 265B Lost H i lls NW 303C Maturango Peak
335B Laton 1 49A Little Piute Mountains 3040 Lou isiana Butte 303A Maturango Peak N E
51 OC Latrobe 7 1 6B Little Shasta 1 60 0 Lovejoy Buttes 3030 Maturango Peak S E
708B Lauer Reservoir 41 7B Little Shuteye Peak 730B Lower Klamath Lake 562C Maxwel l
5670 Laugh l i n Range 3990 Little Table Mtn. 533A Lower Lake 3 72A Mazourka Peak
407C Laurel 660B Little Valley 371 0 Lower Warm Spri ngs 698C McCloud
1 54A Lavic Lake 1 60C Littlerock 6120 Lowrey 701 A McConaughy G u lch
1 54 D Lavic S E 008A Live Oak Springs 570B Loyalton 059A McCoy Peak
41 3A Laws 446A Livermore 549D Lucerne 059B McCoy Spring
255B Layton Spri ng 362C Llanada 131 B Lucerne Valley 058B McCoy Wash
5 83 B Laytonvi lle 5 77C Llano Seco 376C Luckett Mtn. 657B McDonald Peak
400B Le Grand 478B Lockeford 1 53 B Lud low 2 63 B McFarland
253C Leach Lake 2080 Lockhart 1 53 D Lud l ow SE 725C McGinty Point
2540 Leach Spring 1 65A Lockwood Val ley 470C Lundy 7260 McGi nty Reservoir
1 27 B Lead Mountain 353C Lodgepole 626C Lyonsville 536C McGuire Ridge
1 27C Lead M ou ntain SW 479A Lodi North 732 0 M acdoel 602C McKesick Peak
1 27A Lead Mtn . N E 479D Lodi South 653A M ad River Buttes 735 D McKin ley Mtn .
1 89 D Lebec 563C Lodoga 674C M adel ine 243 0 McKittrick S u m mit
453A Lee Vi ning 597D Log Spring 380A M adera 654A McWh i n ney Creek
3 2 7A Lee Wash 5 63A Logan Ridge 5 1 4B M ad ison 590A Meadow Valley
598A Leech Lake Mtn. 562B Logandale 1 67A M ad u lce Peak 064D Mecca
508A Leek Spring H i l l 242A Lokern 709 0 Mahogany Ridge 713D Medicine Lake
345 0 Leeland 4070 Loma Prieta 357B Malaga 703A Medicine Mtn .
345C Lees Cam p 559C Loma Rica 081A M alapai H i l l 5380 Meeks Bay
547B Leesvi lle 1 70 B Lompoc 1 1 2C Malibu Beach 1 30A Melvi l l e Lake
600C Leggett 1 70C Lompoc H i lls 552C Mallo Pass Creek 445C Mendenhall Springs
ti
 APPENDIX I: L I S T O F Q U A D RA N G L E M A P S 315

569D Mendocino 7 1 7A Montague 6 2 5A Mt. Harkness 447 D N ewark

597C Mendocino Pass 448C Montara Mou ntain 364B Mt. Harlan 1 80C Newberry Springs
381 D Mendota Dam 366C Monterey 3 9 5A Mt. Henry 1 1 3B Newbury Park
42 1 C Merced 663C Montgomery Creek 415D Mt. Hilgard 729A Newell
440 D Merced Fal l s 5 1 SD Monticello Dam 668A Mt. H ilton 1 38A Newhall
436 B Merced Peak 441 C M ontpe l i er 588B Mt. Ingalls 598D Newhouse Ridge
362A Mercy H ot Spri ngs 019B M o n u m ent Peak 488D Mt. Jackson 424D Newman
545 B Merid ian l 47B M o n u m ental Pass 352C Mt. Kaweah 071 B Newport Beach
5 1 4D Merritt 605A Moonlight Peak 351C Mt. Langley 596D Newville
034A Mesa Grande 1 OSA Moonridge 436A Mt. Lyel l 529A N icolaus
1 34B Mescal Creek 1 39C M oorpark 406C M t . Madonna 029A N i l and
2 26A Mescal Range 1 23 D M opah Peaks 1 97C Mt. Manchester 446C N iles
347B Mesq uite Flat 009A M orena Reservoir 4 l 4B Mt. Morgan 282C N i n e m i l e Canyon
249A Mesq uite Lake 406B M organ H i l l 488A Mt. Patterson 220C N ipomo
249B Mesq uite Mountai ns 1 53 C M organs Wel l 373B Mt. Pinchot 225A N ipton
2 1 4C Mettler 301 D M ormon Point 435 B Mt. Ritter 600B Noble Butte
540C Michigan Bluff 1 04 D M orongo Valley 698B Mt. Shasta 2980 Nopah Peak
200B Mid H i l l s 247 A Morro Bay North 3538 Mt. S i l l i man 593C Nord
533D Middletown 247D Morro Bay South 406A Mt. Sizer SSSD Norden
445A Midway 051 D Morro H i l l 425C Mt. Stakes 557C North Bloomfield
003A Midway Wel l 063C Mortmar 3 94A Mt. Thom pson 341 B North Chalone Peak
003B Midway Wel l NW 33 1 C M oses Mtn. 499A Mt. Vaca 2 1 0D North Edwards
603A M i l ford 387D M oss Landing 352A Mt. Wi l l iamson 3 98A North Fork
645A Mi ller Mtn. 562D Mou lton Weir 1 1 OA Mt. Wi lson 228A North Of Baker
398D M i l lerton Lake East 297C Mound Spring 207D Mud H i lls 2630 North OfOildale
398C M i l lerton Lake West 453B Mount Dana 3 54A M u ir Grove 2 75A North OfTecopa Pass
1 24C M i l l igan 730C Mount Dome 040A M u le Wash 394D North Palisade
215B M i l l ux 699C Mount Eddy 683A M u mbo Basin 5 68A Northspur
427B M i l p itas 364D Mount johnson 661 C M u rken Bench 326D Nova Canyon
599A Mina 0 1 9C Mount Lagu na 475 B M u rphys 484D Novato
428C M i ndego H i l l 1 34C Mount San Antonio 068C Murrieta 568B Noyo H i l l
522A M i nden OOS B Mount S ignal 3 97A M usick Mtn . 665D O' Brien
626D M i n eral 5 1 7B Mount St. Helena 405A Mustang Peak 398B O'Neals
225B M i n eral H i l l 4 1 4C Mount Tom 635D Myers Flat 646A Oak Run
331 A M i n eral King 352D Mount Whitney 082D Myoma 460D Oakdale
1 81 D M i n n eola 281A M ou ntain Springs SOOD N apa 465C Oakland East
664C M i n n esota Mtn. Canyon 01 lA N ational City 466D Oakland West
1 37 B M i nt Canyon 428A M ou ntain View 3 65A N atividad 046A Oasis
261 D Miracle H ot Springs 2 1 6A M outh Of Kern 317B N attrass Valley 1 38D Oat Mou ntain
355A Miramonte ( = Buena Vista Lake 633A N aufus Creek 656C Observation Peak
6 1 7A M i randa Bed) 552A N avarro 029B Obsidian Butte
219D Miranda Pine Mtn . 4 1 SA Mt. Abbot 1 81 B Nebo 221 D Oceana
405 B Mississippi Creek 238B Mt. Adelaide 1 72 D Needles 036B Oceanside
601 C Mistake Point 1 08B Mt. Baldy 1 72 B Needles NW 01 3D Ogi l by
629C Mitchell G u lch 43 1 C Mt. Barcroft 1 72 C Needles SW 239B O i l Center
458D Moccasin 026B Mt. Barrow 1 88 D Neenach School 240A Oildale
1 23A Mohawk Spri ng 724B Mt. Bidwel l 470D Negit I sland 238D Oiler Peak
21 l C Mojave 425B Mt. Boardman 577D Nelson 1 40B Ojai
21 1A Mojave N E 352B Mt. Brewer 231A Nelson Lake 3290 Olancha
493C Moke l u m n e H ill 344A Mt. Carmel 396D Nelson Mtn . 202D Old Dad Mtn.
507D Moke l u m n e Peak 373C Mt. Clarence King 349C Nelson Range 252B Old I bex Pass
306B Monache Mou ntain 394B Mt. Darwin 558D Nevada City 434B Old Mam moth
3 1 7A Monarch Peak 4268 Mt. Day 3460 N evare s Peak 1 66C Old Man Mou ntain
452B Mono M i l l s 573A Mt. Fi l l more 1 92 B New Cuyama 643 B Old Station
361 D Monocline Ridge 499C Mt. George 1 OOC New Dale 1 30B Old Woman Spri ngs
212D Monolith 416D Mt. G ivens 459A New M elones Dam 1 49C Old Woman Statue
334A Monson 394C Mt. Goddard 350B New York Butte 629B Olinda
316 APPEN DIX I : LIST O F Q UA D RA N G L E M A PS

544D Oliveh urst OSOD Pala 085C Perris 537B Poi nt Arena
509D Omo Ranch 077C Palen Lake 484B Petaluma 1 71 C Poi nt Arguello
608A Onion Butte 0770 Palen Mou ntains 483C Petaluma Point 4670 Point Bon ita
589C Onion Val l ey 077A Palen Pass 484A Petaluma River 1 45 B Poi nt Conception
630A Ono 1 5 ' N E (was Ono 560A Palermo 461 A Peters 1 13D Poi nt D u m e
7. 5 ' ) 083D Palm Spri ngs 639C Petes Valley 01 1 B Point Loma
630B O n o 1 5 ' NW (was Tar 066A Palm View Peak 3 04C Petroglyph Canyon 1 1 4D Poi nt M ugu
Bu lly 7. 5 ' ) 1 61 D Pal mdale 637D Petrolia 485A Point Reyes N E
630D O n o 1 5 ' S E (was 428B Palo Alto 320E Pfeiffer Poi nt 1 96 B Poi nt Sal
Rosewood 7. 5 ' ) 646C Palo Cedro 1 34A Phelan 344C Poi nt Sur
630C O n o 1 5 ' S W (was 342B Palo Escrito Peak 551 C Philo 642B Poison Lake
Ch ickabally Mtn. 7. 5 ' ) 040B Palo Verde 025D Picacho 738A Polar Bear Mtn.
1 08C Ontario 041 0 Palo Verde Peak 025B Picacho NW 413D Poleta Canyon
259B Onyx 0490 Palomar Observatory 0 1 2B Picacho Peak 5250 Pol lack Pines
1 04B Onyx Peak 3020 Panamint 025C Picacho SW 2 64A Pond
207B Opal Mou ntain 3 2 6A Panam i nt Butte 489D Pickel Meadow 679B Pondosa
088D Orange 326C Panam i nt Springs 271 C Pico Creek 696A Porcu pine Butte
356A Orange Cove North 3 1 70 Pancho Rico Val l ey 3 77C Piedra 080D Porcu pine Wash
356D Orange Cove South 362D Panoche 2 72A Piedras Blancas 222A Port San Lu is
267B Orchard Peak 3 63A Panoche Pass 601A Piercy 31 OD Portervi lle
1 95C Orcutt 2 1 7B Panorama H i lls 409 B Pigeon Point 587C Portola
577B Ord Ferry 688C Panther Creek 557B Pike 285C Posey
1 56A Ord Mountain 732C Panther Rock 641 D Pikes Point 381 B Poso Farm
559D Oregon House 609A Panther Spring 527D Pilot Hill 074B Poston
424C Orestimba Peak 666C Papoose Creek 232B Pilot Knob 5650 Potato H i l l
706D Orick 592D Paradise East 255D Pilot Knob Valley East 727C Pothole Valley
578B Orland 2 06A Paradise Range 255C Pilot Knob Valley West 009D Potrero
704D Orleans 592C Paradise West 061 D Pilot Mou ntain 566D Potter Valley
703C Orleans Mtn . 342 D Paraiso Spri ngs 341 D Pinal ito Canyon 022A Poway
536A Ornbau n Valley 095A Parker 642 D Pine Creek Valley 245D Pozo S u m m it
063D Orocopia Canyon 095B Parker NW 377D Pine Flat Dam 087B Prado Dam
576D Orovi lle 095D Parker S E 493B Pine Grove 721 B Prescott Mtn.
575C Orovi lle Dam 095C Parker SW 262D Pine Mou ntain 738D Preston Peak
551A Orrs Springs 292B Parkfield 473 B Pinecrest 3 1 6B Priest Valley
383C Ortigalita Peak 320B Partington Ridge 728D Pin nacle Lake 562A Princeton
383B Ortigalita Peak NW 1 1 OB Pasadena 080A Pi nto Mou ntain 647A Project City
0 1 0C Otay M esa 5 96A Paskenta 2 00A Pi nto Valley 643 D Prospect Peak
01 OD Otay M ou ntain 269B Paso Robles 078B Pi nto Wells 386C Pru nedale
328B Owens Lake 1 89A Pastoria Creek 236B Pi nyon Mtn . 591 C Pulga
258B Owens Peak 371 C Pat Keyes Canyon 1 39A Piru SSOD Purdys Gardens
420C Owens Reservoir 424B Patterson 221 B Pismo Beach 291 D Pyramid H i l l s
653C Owl Creek 3 76A Patterson Mtn. 1 41 C Pitas Point 523C Pyramid Peak
253B Owl Lake 441 B Pau lsel l 678D Pittvi lle 254A Quail Spring
382A Oxalis 708D Payne Peak 472D Piute Mtn . 026D Quartz Peak
6 1 2A Oxbow Bridge 1 93A Peak Mountain 237B Piute Peak 1 02 D Queen Mtn.
1 1 4B Oxnard 282D Pearsonvi lle 2 88A Pixley 384C Quien Sabe Valley
249C Pachalka Spri n g 726A Pease Flat 0 79A Placer Canyon 589B Qui ncy
404C Pacheco Pass 271 A Pebblestone Sh ut-in 5 1 OA Placerville 286C Qui ncy School
405 D Pacheco Peak OSOA Pechanga 40 1 A Plainsburg 331 D Q u i n n Peak
506C Pacific Valley 508D Pedd ler H i l l 421 D Planada 046 B Rabbit Peak
1 36A Pacifico Mou ntain 623B Pegleg Mtn. 520D Plantation 559A Rackerby
267D Packwood Creek 042C Pegleg Wel l 581 A Plaskett Meadows 6 1 2C Ragl i n Ridge
3 64A Paici nes 561 D Pen nington 581 B Plaskett Ridge 563B Rai l Canyon
31 1 B Paige 440A Penon Blanco Peak 0 1 7D Plaster City 493 D Rai l Road Flat
0 1 7C Painted Gorge 71 SA Penoyar 0 1 7B Plaster City NW 697B Rai n bow Mtn .
2 1 8A Painted Rock 2 1 6D Pentland 528C Pleasant Grove 358C Raisin
1 49 D Painted Rock Wash 7 1 2A Perez 1 90A Pleito Hills 034D Ramona
 A P P E N D I X I : LIST O F Q U A D R A N G L E M A PS 317

343A Rana Creek 1 61 C Ritter Ridge 235B Saltdale NW 5 6 1 C San born Slough
033A Ranchita 451A River Spri ng 235D Saltdale S E 2 6 2 B Sand Canyon
293D Ranchito Canyon 442 B Riverban k 045 B Salton 348B Sand Flat
065B Rancho M i rage 336A Riverdale 670A Salyer 3 90A Sand Spring
1 66 B Rancho N u evo Creek 086A Riverside East 732A Sams Neck 402A Sandy Mush
035C Rancho Santa Fe 086B Riverside West 476B San Andreas 3 57A Sanger
692 B Rattlesnake Butte 5 24C Riverton 3 1 7C San Ardo 5 8 2 D Sanhedri n Mtn.
1 30C Rattlesnake Canyon 663B Roari ng Creek 363D San Benito 1 42 B Santa Barbara
657D Ravendale 524B Robbs Peak 339C San Ben ito Mtn. SBRA Santa Barbara Island
399B Raymond 340B Rock Spring Peak 1 07A San Bernard i n o North S CTE Santa Catalina East
400A Raynor Creek 523B Rockbound Valley 1 07 D San Bernardi no South S CTN Santa Catalina North
625B Readi ng Peak 283B Rockhouse Basin 079B San Bernard i n o Wash SCTS Santa Catalina South
587D Reconnaissance Peak 081 D Rockhouse Canyon 052A San Clemente SCTW Santa Catal ina West
61 1 C Red Bank 5 27C Rocklin SCMC San Clemente I sland 387E Santa Cruz
6 1 0B Red Bl uff East 333D Rocky H i l l Central SCZA Santa Cruz I sland A
611A Red BluffWest 689A Rodgers Peak S C M N San Clemente Island SCZB Santa Cruz I sland B
1 84 D Red Buttes 034B Rodriquez Mtn . North SCZC Santa Cruz Island C
062C Red Canyon 1 8SA Rogers Lake North SCMS San Clemente I sland SCZD Santa Cruz Island D
624B Red Cinder 1 85D Rogers Lake South South 246A Santa M argarita
061 C Red Cloud Canyon 068B Romoland 1 09 D San Dimas 245C Santa M argarita Lake
234D Red Mountain 623A Roop Mountain 385B San Fel ipe 1 95 B Santa M aria
229D Red Pass Lake 059D Roosevelt Mine 1 37C San Fernando 1 40 D Santa Pau la
2 29A Red Pass Lake N E 1 86C Rosamond 466C San Francisco North 1 40A Santa Pau la Peak
229B Red Pass Lake NW 1 86D Rosamond Lake 448B San Francisco South 402D Santa Rita Bridge
731 D Red Rock Lakes 240B Rosedale 484C San Gero n i m o 3 3 9 D Santa Rita Peak
635B Redcrest 528D Rosevi l l e 1 05 D S a n Gorgonio Mtn. 5 0 1 B Santa Rosa
647C Redd ing 542 B Rough A n d Ready 429C San Gregorio 3 2 7 B Santa Rosa Flat
1 06C Red lands 3 75 B Rough Spur 1 65 B San G u i l lermo 1 70 D Santa Rosa H i l l s
1 85C Red man 378D Rou n d Mou ntain 084C San Jaci nto S ROE Santa Rosa Island East
090C Redondo Beach 4 1 4A Rovana 083C San Jaci nto Peak S RON Santa Rosa Island
447C Redwood Poi nt 539B Royal Gorge 359C San Joaq u i n North
5 66C Redwood Valley 384D Ruby Canyon 4 2 7 D S a n Jose East S ROS Santa Rosa Island
356C Reedley 531 B Ru msey 427C San J ose West South
3 1 9A Reliz Canyon 667C Rush Creek Lakes 3 8 6 D San J uan Bautista SROW Santa Rosa Island West
335 D Rem noy 7 1 8B Russell Peak 070C San J uan Capistrano 1 38C Santa Susana
723D Req ua 633C Ruth Reservoir 447B San Leandro ( � S i m i Valley East)
275B Resting Spri n g 500B Rutherford 3 1 8A San Lucas 407A Santa Teresa H i lls
303B Revenue Canyon 323C Ryan 404D San Lu is Dam 1 69 D Santa Ynez
242C Reward 097B Sablan 246C San Lu is Obispo 033C Santa Ysabel
1 66A Reyes Peak 283A Sacatar Canyon 403A San Lu is Ranch 1 9 1 A Santiago Creek
097D Rice 1 45A Sacate 036A San Lu is Rey 0 70A Santiago Peak
593D Richardson Spri ngs 376B Sacate Ridge 0 3 5 B San Marcos 5 70 C Sard ine Peak
593B Richardson Spri ngs NW 5 1 2C Sacramento East 1 68 D San Marcos Pass 1 40C Saticoy
287D Richgrove 513D Sacramento West 448 D San Mateo 5 7 1 C Sattley
466A Richmond 252A Sad d l e Peak H i lls 293C San M iguel 537C Saunders Reef
257B Ridgecrest North 209D Saddleback Mtn. S M I E San M iguel Island East 287B Sausal ito School
2 5 7C Ridgecrest South 067C Sage S M IW San M iguel Island West 1 22 D Savahia Peak
596B Riley Ridge 728A Sagebrush Butte S N I C San N icolas Island 1 22A Savahia Peak N E
1 04A Ri mrock 659A Said Valley 052D San Onofre Bluff 1 22 B Savahia Peak NW
71 1 B Rimrock Lake 443A Salida 034C San Pasq ual 1 22 C Savahia Peak SW
241 A Rio Bravo 365B Salinas 073A San Pedro 1 90C Sawmi l l Mou ntain
239A Rio Bravo Ranch 370B Sal ine Peak 466B San Quentin 267A Sawtooth Ridge
512B Rio Li nda 1 92 C Salisbury Potrero 467A San Rafael 702C Sawyers Bar
480B Rio Vista 686B Salmon Mtn. 1 68A San Rafael Mtn. 497B Saxon
058C Ripley 276B Salsberry Peak 271 B San S i m eon 666D Schell Mtn.
443 B Ripon 547D Salt Canyon 021 B San Vicente Reservoir 7 1 3A Schonch i n Butte
5 04C Risue Canyon 476C Salt Spring Valley 2 1 1 D San born 636A Scotia
318 A P P E N D I X I : L I S T O F Q U A D RA N G L E M A PS

7 1 9A Scott Bar 060B Sidewi nder Well 703B Somes Bar 3 1 3A Stratford
700C Scott Mountai n 5 72C Sierra City 500C Sonoma 3 1 3 D Stratford SE
3890 Scottys Castle 571 D Sierravi lle 458B Sonora 474A Strawberry
072A Seal Beach 1 99 D Signal H i l l 489C Sonora Pass S 74D Strawberry Valley
2 56A Searles Lake 667B Siligo Peak 387B Soguel 660D Straylor Lake
483 B Sears Point 251 D Silurian H i l ls 691 D Soup Creek S08B Stu m p Spri ng, Calif.
366D Seaside 251 C Silurian Lake 2 7 9 D Sourdough Spring (= Old I ron Mountai n )
502A Sebastopol 228B Silurian Valley 700D South C h i na Mtn . 2 74A Stu m p Spri ng, Nev.
732B Secret Spring Mtn. 659B Silva Flat Reservoir 089B South Gate 4 1 9A Stu m pfield Mtn.
0 1 6C Seeley 1 55A Si lver Bell Mine 5 2 2 B South Lake Tahoe 0 76A Styx
59SC Sehorn Creek 331 B Silver City 7 2 6C South Mtn . 309C Success Dam
736C Seiad Valley 1 33 D Silverwood Lake 641 A Spalding Tract 7 2 5 D Sugar H i l l
357D Selma 1 39 D S i m i ( = S i m i Valley 2 5 6C Spangler H i lls East 4 6 9 C S u l p h u r Pond
26SD Semitropic West) 2 5 7 D Spangler H i lls West 7 2 2 D Summit Valley
308D Senti nel Peak 243C S i m m ler 7 1 1 C Spau lding Butte 1 02 B Su nfair
682B Seven Lakes Basi n 652A S i m s Mou ntain 620D Spencer Creek 1 37 D Sun land
082B Seven Pal ms Valley 436C Sing Peak 3 53A Sphinx Lakes 085B Sun nymead
046D Seventeen Pal ms 284A Sirretta Peak 490B Spicer Meadows Res. 1 54 B Sunshine Peak
202B Seventeen m i le Point 1 95 D Sisguoc 393C Split Mtn . 207 A Su perior Lake
3 54C Shadeguarter Mtn. 723B Sister Rocks 633B Sportshaven 2 3 2 D Su perior Valley
1 59A Shadow Mountai ns 563D Sites 365C Spreckels 0 1 7A Su perstition Mtn.
1 59 D Shadow Mou ntains S E 069C Sitton Peak 5 89A Spring Garden 1 71 A Surf
621 A Shaffer Mtn . 298A Sixm ile Spring 3 09A Springville 708C Surprise
2 66C Shale Point 1 50D Skeleton Pass 4 1 7A Sguaw Dome 6 2 2 B Susanvi lle
268B Shandon 680D Skunk Ridge 603C Sguaw Valley Peak 544B Sutter
61 SA Shannon Butte 3 1 6C Slack Canyon 5 1 6C St. H elena 545A Sutter Buttes
4 1 6A Sharktooth Peak 525C Slate Mtn . 5 64B St. John Mtn . 5 2 9 B Sutter Causeway
7 1 4A Sharp Mtn. 2 80A Slate Range Crossing 458A Standard 624A Swain Mou ntain
648C Shasta Bally 737D Slater Butte 1 20 B Standard Wash 643A Swains Hole
647B Shasta Dam 1 79 D Sleeping Beauty 6 2 1 C Standish 0 1 8C Sweeney Pass
397D Shaver Lake 1 62 D Sleepy Valley 475A Stanislaus 487B Sweetwater Creek
268C Shedd Canyon 374B Slide Bluffs 248B State Li ne Pass 342C Sycamore Flat
1 24B Sheep Camp Spring 232C Slocum Mtn. 431 D Station Peak 4 1 1 A Sylvan ia Canyon
252D Sheep Creek Spring 495B Sloughhouse 086D Steele Peak 4 1 0 B Sylvan ia Mts.
73 1 C Sheep Mou ntain 509A Sly Park 727B Steele Swamp 2 1 6 B Taft
659D Sheepshead 543A Smartvi lle 1 48 D Stepladder Mou ntai ns 538B Tahoe City
731 A Sheepy Lake 3 1 6D S m ith Mountain 1 48C Stepladder Mou ntai ns 1 44A Taj i guas
031 A Shell Reef 740B Sm ith River SW 327C Talc City H i lls
739A Shelly Creek Ridge 696B Snag H i l l 1 48A Stepladder Mts. N E 49 1 A Tamarack
61 8D Shelter Cove 1 47C Snaggletooth 1 48 B Stepladder Mts. NW 455C Tamarack Flat
273D Shenandoah Peak 673A Snake Lake 240C Stevens 600D Tan Oak Park
528B Sheridan 440C Snelling 423D Stevi nson 683B Tangle Blue Lake
3 1 6A Sherman Peak 639A Snowstorm Mtn. 2 9 8 B Stewart Valley 702D Tan ners Peak
5 84D Sherwood Peak 591 D Soapstone Hill 5 2 0 B Stewarts Point 2 2 0 B Tar Spring Ridge
691 A Shields Creek 344B Soberanes Point 592A Stirl i ng City 464D Tassajara
5 1 OB S h i ngle Spri ngs 203A Soda Lake North 293A Stockdale Mountain 320A Tassajara Hot Springs
627B S h i ngletown 203D Soda Lake South 461 B Stockton East 2 1 8C Taylor Canyon
638B S h i n n Mountain 555C Soda Spri ngs 462A Stockton West 5 1 3A Taylor Monu ment
722A Ship M ou ntai n 41 1 C Soldier Pass 1 57A Stoddard Well 636B Taylor Peak
576C Shippee 342A Soledad 3 5 5C Stokes Mtn . 3 1 1 C Taylor Weir
681 D Shoei n horse Mtn . 1 86B Soledad Mtn. 5 7 9 D Stone Valley 605D Taylorsvi lle
277B Shore Li ne Butte 3 08C Solo Peak 603B Stony Ridge 370D Teakettle j u n ction
2 76A Shoshone 2 2 7A Solomons Knob 5 64A Stonyford 009C Tecate
652C Showers Mtn. 7 1 6A Solomons Temple 5 9 1 A Storrie 2 75 C Tecopa
61 8B Shubrick Peak 1 69C Solvang 347C Stovepipe Wells 2 7 5 D Tecopa Pass
4 1 7C Shuteye Peak 444D Solyo 347A Stovepipe Wells NE 2 1 2A Tehachapi N E
1 52 B S i beria 0 1 9D Sombrero Peak 6 2 5 D Stover Mtn. 2 1 2 B Tehachapi North
 A P P E N D I X I : L I S T O F Q U A D RA N G L E M A P S 319

2 1 2C Tehachapi South 1 46 B Topock 672B Tyee City S 1 6A Walter Spri ngs

37SA Teh i pite Dome 06SC Toro Peak 1 87B Tylerhorse Canyon 39S8 Ward Mou ntain
2 1 4D Tejon H i lls 090D Torrance 389C U behebe Crater 5 1 9A Warm Springs Dam
2 1 3C Tejon Ranch 028A Tortuga 349A U behebe Peak 1 63 0 Warm Spri ngs Mou ntain
1 34D Telegraph Peak 472A Tower Peak 392B U h l meyer Spri n g 048C Warner Springs
302A Telescope Peak 444B Tracy SSOB U kiah 033 B Warners Ranch
OSOB Tem ecula S07B Tragedy Spring 720D U konom Lake 690B Warren Peak
269C Tem pleton 360A Tranqu i l l ity 720C U konom Mtn . 2640 Wasco
329C Templeton Mtn. 1 71 D Tranq u i llon Mtn . 462C U n ion Island 264B Wasco NW
4SSA Ten Lakes 334B Traver 3S1 A U n ion Wash 2 64C Wasco SW
4S4C Tenaya Lake 338A Tres Pecos Farms S99B U pdegraff Ridge SS70 Washington
223C Ten m i le Wel l 38SD Tres Pinos 30SA U pper Centennial Flat 6938 Wash i ngton Mtn .
7 1 4C Tennant 377A Trim mer 549B U pper Lake 080C Washington Wash
291 C Tent H i l l s 689C Trin idad 049 B Vail Lake 207C Water Valley
1 94 B Tepusquet Canyon 666B Tri n ity Center 1 38 B Val Verde 442A Waterford
479C Term inous 667D Tri n ity Dam 064C Valerie 478C Waterloo
6S7C Termo 686C Tri n ity Mtn. 251A Valj ean H i l l s 1 35 C Waterman Mtn .
S82A Thatcher Ridge 3S3D Triple Divide Peak 293B Valleton 386B Watsonvi lle East
2 08C The Buttes 1 1 3C Triu nfo Pass 03SA Valley Center 387A Watsonvi lle West
292A The Dark Hole 280D Trana East S02C Val ley Ford 433 8 Watterson Canyon
326B The D u nes 280C Trana West 1 01 B Valley Mtn. 371 8 Waucoba Canyon
S34D The Geysers 640B Troxel Point 477A Valley Spri ngs 3920 Waucoba Mtn.
729C The Pan handle 1 80 D Troy Lake 477C Valley Spri ngs SW 391 C Waucoba Spri ng
3 74 D The Sphinx 554C Truckee 226B Valley Wells 3 1 2A Waukena
71 SC The Whaleback 04SC Truckhaven 1 3SA Valyermo 43 7C Wawona
064A Thermal Canyon 4SOB Tru man Meadows S66A Van Arsdale Reservoir 6498 Weaverville
368D Th i m ble Peak 032 B Tu bb Canyon 111B Van N uys SSSB Webber Peak
3 1 8B Thompson Canyon 3SSB Tucker Mtn. 1 76 D Van Win kle Spri ng 699B Weed
68SD Thom pson Peak 32SA Tucki Wash 1 SlA Van Win kle Wash 2 1 48 Weed Patch
479 B Thornton 31 1 A Tu lare 336C Vanguard 727A Weed Valley
644A Thousand Lakes Valley 410D Tu le Canyon 090B Venice 6878 Weitchpec
1 1 3A Thousand Oaks 674B Tu le Mou ntain 343C Ventana Cones 260A Weldon
38SA Three Sisters 020B Tu le Springs 1 41 D Ventura 2 1 7C Wells Ranch
041 A Th u m b Peak 729B Tu lelake 328C Verm i l l ion Canyon 620C Wendel
668B Th urston Peaks 361 C Tu m ey H ills 444A Vernalis 621 0 Wendel Hot Springs
230D Tiefort Mou ntai ns 414D Tu ngsten H i lls S29D Verona S39D Wentworth Springs
008D Tierra Del Sol S2SB Tu nnel H i l l 376D Verplank Ridge 63SC Weott
294C Tierra Redonda 640D Tu n n i son Mtn . 1 S8D Victorvi lle 081 C West Berdoo Canyon
Mou ntain 457B Tuo l u m n e 1 S8B Victorvi lle NW 290D West Camp
472C Tiltill Mtn. 241 D Tu pman 078C Victory Pass 2420 West Elk H i lls
436 D Ti m ber Knob 423A Tu rlock 096D Vidal 71 SO West Haight Mtn.
678B Ti m bered Crater 441 D Tu rlock Lake 096A Vidal J u n ction 228C West Of Baker
369B Tin Mou ntain 402B Tu rner Ranch 096B Vidal NW S61A West Of Biggs
392C Ti nemaha Reservoir 227B Tu rq uoise Mtn. 020C Viejas Mountai n 233B West OfBlack H i l l s
4S4A Tioga Pass 1 S7B Tu rtle Valley 296C Villa Creek 1 7SC West O f B l i n d H i l l s
31 1 D Tipton 628A Tuscan Buttes N E S94A Vina 1 78 B West Of 8roadwel I
S4SD Tisdale Weir 6 1 0A Tuscan Spri ngs 482D Vine H i l l Mesa
687D Tish Tang Point 07 1 A Tusti n 644C Viola 1 77C West Of Budweiser
28SD Tobias Peak 606D Twai n 3340 Visalia Wash
48SB Tamales 474C Twai n Harte 4S40 Vogelsang Peak 230B West Of Ori n kwater
Sl9B Tom bs Creek 1 83A Twelve Gauge Lake 282A Volcano Peak Lake
682D Tom bstone Mtn . 298C Twelvemile Spri ng 403C Volta 299B West Of Eagle Mtn.
433( Toms Place 1 02A Twentyn ine Palms 3 6 8A Wahguyhe Peak 1 73 C West Of Flattop Mtn.
1 12D Topanga lOlC Twentyn ine Palms Mtn. 3S68 Wahtoke 324B West Of Furnace Creek
1 6S D Topatopa Mountai ns 471A Twi n Lakes 2S9A Walker Pass 61 1 D West Of Gerber
SOSA Topaz Lake 1 9SA Twitchell Dam 4778 Wal lace 1 77B West Of Glasgow
341 A Topo Val l ey S02D Two Rock 46SA Wal n ut Creek 3898 West Of Gold Mtn.
l
320
468C West Of H u ntoon
Spring
1 9 8 8 West Ofj u n i per Mine
7 1 2C West Of Kephart
2 54C West Of Leach Spring
1 23 8 West O f Mohawk Spring
2 3 1 8 West Of Nelson Lake
0778 West Of Palen Pass
041 C West Of Palo Verde Peak
229C West Of Red Pass Lake
2 73 C West Of Shenandoah
Peak
6398 West Of Snowstorm
Mtn.
2038 West Of Soda Lake
3 70 C West OfTeakettle
J u nction
349 B West O f U behebe Peak
725B West Of Wil low Ranch
1 56B West Ord Mtn.
493A West Poi nt
643C West Prospect Peak
2 5 6 B Westend
4 1 2 C Westgard Pass
3 1 3 B Westh aven
443C Westley
0 2 9 D Westmorland
( =Westmorland East)
585A Westport
337B Westside
540B Westville
623C Westwood East
624D Westwood West
1 47A Whale Mtn.
A P P E N D I X I: L I S T O F Q U A D RA N G L E M A P S
032D Whale Peak 295A Wi l liams H i l l 68 1 C Yel lowjacket Mtn.
543C Wheatland 2068 Wil l iams Wel l 1 8 1 A Yermo
1 66 D Wheeler Springs 583D Wi l l is Ridge 6 1 3A Yolla Bolly 1 5 ' N E
1 2 1 C Whipple Mts. SW 5 6 7A Willits (was Tom h ead Mtn.
1 2 1 D Whipple Wash 6708 Wil low Creek 7.5 ' )
648A Wh iskeytown 725A Wil low Ranch 6 1 3 8 Yolla Bolly 1 5 ' NW
683D Whisky Bill Peak 1 87A Wi l low Spri ngs (was North Yolla Bolly
533C Whisperi ng Pines 578C Wil lows 7.5 ' )
1 63C Whitaker Peak 245 8 Wi lson Corner 6 1 3 D Yolla Bolly 1 5 ' SE
4 1 8A White Chief Mtn. 5 3 2 8 Wi lson Valley (was South Yolla Bolly
283C White Dome 068A Winchester 7.5 ' )
2 8 1 C White H i lls 255A Wi ngate Pass 6 1 3C Yolla Bolly 1 5 ' SW
1 56C White Horse Mtn . 278D Wi ngate Wash East (was Solomon Peak
1 41 B White Ledge Peak 2 78C Wi ngate Wash West 7. 5 ' )
432A White Mtn. Peak 5 1 4C Winters 088A Yorba Li nda
286D White River 1 88 8 Wi nters Ridge 270D York M ou ntain
369C White Top Mtn . 422A Wi nton 5 3 5 B Yorkvi lle
083B White Water 044D Wister 455D Yosemite Fal l s
695C Whitehorse 542C Wolf 42 1 B Yosem ite Lake
658B Whitinger Mtn. 505C Wolf Creek 686A You ngs Peak
645 B Whitmore 5 2 2 D Wood fords 5 00A You ntvi lle
434A Whitmore Hot Springs 333A Woodlake 7 1 7 B Yreka
709B Whittemore Ridge 5 1 4A Woodland 544A Yuba City
089A Whittier 200D Woods Mountains 1 06 D Yucaipa
028C Wiest 429A Woodside 1 03 B Yucca Valley North
547C Wi lbur Spri ngs 3 1 0C Woodvi lle 1 03 C Yucca Valley South
425D Wilcox Ridge 463A Woodward Island 006A Yu ha Basin
1 83 D Wild Crossing 2 62A Woody 0 0 1 A Yu ma East
069D Wildomar 260D Woolstalf Creek 0 0 1 B Yu ma West
325D Wildrose Peak 3 7 5 D Wren Peak 1 69 8 Zaca Creek
5 3 1 A Wildwood School 294A Wun post 1 94 D Zaca Lake
041 B Wileys Wel l 6 5 3 D Yager J u nction 530C Zamora
1 24A Wi lhelm Spring 684D Ycatapom Peak 536B Zeni Ridge
546B Wi l l iams 702A Yellow Dog Peak 6 1 5 B Zenia
 P l a n ts of Li sts 1 A a n d 3 , t h e Li sts of U n ce rtai n ty
[ APPEN DIX I I

he fo ll owi ng two lists are presented to highlight our need to know more about the plants on List 1 A ( Plants Presumed
Exti nct i n CA) and List 3 ( Plants About Wh ich We N eed More I nformation) . We hope our contributors wi l l seek to
rediscover the plants on List 1 A; several plants on this l ist in the fifth edition have si nce been red iscovered . We also
encourage our contributors to submit i nformation on List 3 plants.

List 1 A List 3
( Plants Presu med ( Plants About Which We
Exti nct in Cal ifornia) Need More I nformation )

Total number of taxa: 29 Total number of taxa: 52

Arctostaphylos hookeri ssp. franciscana Achnatherum lemmonii pubescens
var. Iris bracteata
Astragalus mohavensis var. hemiyrus Agrostis hendersonii lvesia arizonica var. arizonica
Calochortus monanthus Arabis fernaldiana stylosa
var. jensiayosemitana
Calystegia sepium ssp. binghamiae Berberis fremontii Lathyrus sulphureus var. argillaceus
Carex livida Calochortus syntrophus Lessingia hololeuca
Castilleja uliginosa Calyptridium parryi hesseae
var. Lewisia cotyledon var. howellii
Cirsium praeteriens Calystegia malacophylla berryi
var. Lewisia kelloggii ssp. hutchisonii
Dissanthelium californicum Camissonia lewisii Lupinus albifrons var. abramsii
Erigeron mariposanus Cardamine pachystigma dissectifolia
var. Lupinus eximius
Eriogonum truncatum Carex inops ssp. inops Micropus amphibolus
Helianthus nuttallii ssp. parishii Chorizanthe parryi parryi
var. Mimulus acutidens
l..Jcium verrucosum Corethroyne leucophylla Monardella antonina ssp. antonina
Malacothamnus mendocinensis Ditaxis serrata var. californica Myosurus minimus ssp. apus
Malacothamnus parishii Dudleya alainae Opuntia wigginsii
Mimulus brandegei Enceliopsis nudicaulis var.corrugata Phacelia amabilis
Mimulus traskiae Equisetum palustre Pinus edulis
Mimulus whipplei Erigeron biolettii Plagiobothrys glyptocarpus var. modestus
Monardella leucocephala Eriogonum luteolum var.caninum Polygonum marinense
Monardella pringlei Eschscholzia procera Polystichum lonchitis
Phacelia cinerea Fritillaria eastvvoodiae Ribes amarum var. hoffmannii
Plagiobothrys glaber Galium oreganum Salvia dorriivar. lncana
Plagiobothrys hystriculus Gentiana affinis var. parvidentata Sedum pinetorum
Plagiobothrys lithocaryus Githopsis diffusa ssp. filicaulis Selaginella densa var. scopulorum
Plagiobothrys mollisvar. vestitus Hackelia brevicula Tiarella trifoliata var. trifoliata
Poliomintha incana Helianthemum suffrutescens Vaccinium coccineum
Potentilla multijuga Hemizonia congesta ssp. leucocephala
Pyrola chlorantha Hordeum intercedens
Stylocline sonorensis
Tropidocarpum capparideum

321
 Plants by County and Island
I APPEN DIX I l l

T
he fol lowing lists incl ude all the plants on CN PS Lists 1 through 4 Since we record occurrences ·in main
· · I an d counties ·

.
and on islands separately, the county l ists in this append ix do not i nclude island occurrences even if an island occurs in
that cou nty.

Cou nties Delphinium i!Jpsophilum ssp. Plagiobothrys chorisianus var. juncus hemiendytus abjectus
var.

gypsophilum chorisianus Podistera nevadensis

• Alameda County
Delphinium recurvatum
TOTAL N U M B E R O F TAXA: 83
Dirca occidentalis
LIST 1 A : 3; LIST 1 B: 49; LIST 2 :
Eriogonum luteolum var. caninum
2; LIST 3 : 5; LIST 4 : 24 Eriogonum nudum var. decurrens
Acanthomintha lanceolata Eriogonum truncatum
Allium sharsmithae Eriogonum umbellatum var.
bahiiforme
Amsinckia grandiflora
Eriophyllum Jepsonii
Amsinckia lunaris
Androsace elongata ssp. acuta Erodium macrophyllum
Arctostaphylos pa/Iida Eryngium aristulatum hooveri
var.
Eschscholzia rhombipetala
Aspidotis carlotta-halliae
Astragalus nuttallii var. nuttallii Fritillaria agrestis
Plagiobothrys diffusus
Plagiobothrys glaber
Psilocarphus brevissimus
multiflorus
Ranunculus lobbii
Sanicula maritima
Senecio aphanactis
Streptanthus albidus ssp.
peramoenus
Suaeda californica
Trifolium amoenum
Trifolium depauperatum
Polystichum kruckebergii
Polystichum lonchitis
var. Potamogeton robbinsii
Tonestus eximius
Veronica cusickii
• Amador County
TOTAL N U M B E R O F TAXA: 30
LIST 1A: O; LIST 1 B: 9; LIST 2: 1 ;
LIST 3 : Z; LIST 4 : 1 8
Arctostaphylos myrtifolia
Bolandra californica
var.

Fritillaria falcata hydrophilum Calochortus clavatus avius

var.
Atragalus tener var.tener Carex davyi
Atriplex cordulata Fritillaria liliacea Tropidocarpum capparideum
Galium andrewsii ssp. gatense Chlorogalum grandiflorum
Atriplex coronata var. coronata Clarkia virgata
Helianthella castanea • Alpine County
A tip/ex depressa Eriogonum apricum apricum
var.
Hesperevax caulescens TOTAL N U M B E R O F TAXA: 2 5
A triplexjoaquiniana LIST 1 A : O ; LIST 1 B: 2 ; LIST 2 : 7 ; Eriogonum apricum var.
Balsamorhiza macrolepis var.
Hesperolinon serpentinum LIST 3 : 1 ; LIST 4 : 1 5
Hoita strobilina prostratum
macrolepis Agrostis humilis Eriogonum tripodum
Blepharizonia plumosa ssp. plumosa Holocarpha macradenia
Horkelia cuneata ssp. sericea Antennaria pulchella Eryngium pinnatisectum
Calochortus umbellatus Astragalus kentrophyta danaus
var. Githopsis pulchella ssp.
Campanula exigua Lasthenia conjugens
Lasthenia ferrisiae Astragalus whitneyi lenophyllus
var. serpentinicola
Caulanthus coulteri /emmonii
var.
Bolandra californica Helianthemum suffrutescens
Centromadia parryi ssp. congdonii LathyrusJepsonii Jepson ii
va r.

Lessingia hololeuca Carex davyi Hesperevax caulescens

Chorizanthe cuspidata var.
Carex petasata Horkelia parryi
cuspidata Lessingia tenuis
Lilaeopsis masonii Carex vallicola jensiayosemitana
Chorizanthe robusta robusta
var.
Caulanthus major nevadensis
var. jepsonia heterandra
Cirsium fontinale var. campy/on Linanthus acicularis
Linanthus ambiguus Chaenactis douglasii alpina
var. Lilium humboldtii ssp. humboldtii
Clarkia breweri Claytonia megarhiza Lomatium stebbinsii
Clarkia concinna ssp. automixa Linan thus grandiflorus
Malacothamnus ha/Iii Claytonia umbellata Microseris sylvatica
Clarkia franciscana Cryptantha crymophila Mimulus inconspicuus
Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. Micropus amphibolus
Microseris sylvatica Cryptantha glomeriflora Mimulus laciniatus
palustris Draba asterophora var. Monardella candicans
Cordylanthus mollis ssp. hispidus Monardella antonina ssp.
antonina asterophora Navarretia eriocephala
Cordylanthus palmatus Eriogonum microthecum var. Navarretia myersii ssp. myersii
Coreopsis hamiltonii Monardella villosa ssp. globosa
Myosurus minimus ssp. apus alpinum Navarretia subuligera
Cryptantha hooveri Eriogonum ovalifolium var. Ophioglossum californicum
Deinandra bacigalupii Navarretia cotulifolia
Navarretia prostrata eximium Perideridia bacigalupii
Delphinium californicum ssp. Fritillaria pinetorum Piperia michaelii
interius Piperia michaelii

322
 A P P E N D I X 1 1 1 : P LA N T S B Y C O U N T Y A N D I S L A N D 323

Sphenopholis obtusata juncus leiospermus leiospermus

var. Bolandra californica Cordylanthus palmatus
Veronica cusickii Lasthenia ferrisiae Brodiaea pa/Iida Cryptantha excavata
Lewisia cantelovii Calycadenia hooveri Delphinium recurvatum
• Butte County Lewisia kellorgii ssp. hutchisonii Carex davyi Delphinium uliginosum
TOTAL N U M B E R O F TAXA: 92 Lilium humboldtii ssp. humboldtii Ceanothus fresnensis Epilobium nivium
LIST T A: O; LIST T B: 34; LIST 2:
Limnanthes floccosa ssp. ca/ifornica Clarkia virgata Eriastrum brandegeae
T 6; LIST 3 : 6; LIST 4 : 3 6
Limnanthes floccosa ssp. floccosa Cryptantha mariposae Eriastrum tracyi
Agrostis hendersonii Linanthus acicularis Delphinium hansenii ssp. Eriogonum luteolum caninum
var.
Allium jepsonii Lupinus dalesiae ewanianum Eriogonum nervulosum
Allium sanbornii var. sanbornii Meesia triquetra Eriophyllum confertiflorum var. Eriogonum strictum greenei
var.
Arctostaphylos mewukka ssp. truei Microseris sylvatica tanacetiflorum Eriogonum tripodum
Astragalus pauperculus Mimulus glaucescens Eryngium pinnatisectum Eriogonum umbellatum var.
Astragalus tener var. ferrisiae Mimulus laciniatus Helianthemum suffrutescens bahiiforme
Astragalus whitneyi var.lenophyllus Monardella douglasii ssp. venosa Horkelia parryi Erodium macrophyllum
A triplex cordulata Myosurus minimus ssp. apus jepsonia heterandra Eschscholzia rhombipetala
A triplex depressa Navarretia cotulifolia juncus leiospermus ahartii
var. Fritillaria pluriflora
Atriplex minuscula Navarretia heterandra Lilium humboldtii ssp. humboldtii Fritillaria purdyi
Atriplex subti/is Navarretia subuligera Lomatium stebbinsii Harmonia ha/Iii
Azolla mexicana Ophioglossum californicum Mimulus inconspicuus Helianthus exilis
Balsamorhiza macrolepis var.
Orcuttia pilosa Mimulus pulchellus Hesperevax caulescens
macrolepis Paronychia ahartii Mimulus whipplei Hesperolinon drymarioides
Betula pumila var. glandulifera Penstemon heterodoxus var. Monardella candicans Hibiscus lasiocarpus
Botrychium ascendens shastensis Navarretia eriocephala Horkelia bolanderi
Botrychium crenulatum Penstemon personatus Perideridia bacigalupii Lasthenia ferrisiae
Botrychium minganense Perideridia bacigalupii Scopelophila cataractae Layia septentrionalis
Botrychium montanum Piperia colemanii Linanthus latisectus
Bulbostylis capillaris Piperia michaelii • Colusa County Linanthus rattanii
Calycadenia oppositifolia Polygonum bidwelliae TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 70 Lomatium hooveri
Calystegia atriplicifolia ssp. Polystichum kruckebergii LIST T A : O; LIST T B : 30; LIST 2:
Lotus rubriflorus
buttensis 42; LIST 3 : 3; LIST 4: 3 3
Rhynchospora californica Lupinus milo-bakeri
Cardamine pachystigma var.
Rhynchospora capitellata Allium fimbriatum purdyi
var.
Lupinus sericatus
dissectifolia Rupertia ha/Iii Amsinckia lunaris Malacothamnus he/Jeri
Carex geyeri Sagittaria sanfordii Androsace elongata ssp. acuta Micropus amphibolus
Carex limosa Scirpus subterminalis Anisocarpus scabridus Microseris sylvatica
Carex vulpinoidea Sedum albomarginatum Antirrhinum subcordatum Mimulus glaucescens
Castilleja rubicundula ssp. Senecio eurycephalus lewisrosei
var.
Arctostaphylos malloryi Mirabilis greenei
rubicundula Sidalcea robusta Arctostaphylos manzanita ssp. Myosurus minimus ssp. apus
Chamaesyce hooveri Silene occidentalis ssp. elegans Navarretia cotulifolia
Clarkia biloba ssp. brandegeae longistipitata Asclepias solanoana Navarretia heterandra
Clarkia gracilis ssp. albicaulis Stellaria longifolia Astragalus breweri Navarretiajepsonii
Clarkia mildrediae ssp. lutescens Stellaria obtusa Astragalus clevelandii Navarretia leucocephala ssp. bakeri
Clarkia mildrediae ssp. mildrediae Streptanthus drepanoides Astragalus rattanii jepsonianus
var.
Neostapfia colusana
Clarkia mosquinii Trifolium jokerstii Astragalus rattanii rattanii
var.
Piperia colemanii
Claytonia palustris Tuctoria greenei Astragalus tener var.ferrisiae Senecio clevelandii clevelandii
var.
Cypripedium californicum Utricularia intermedia A triplex depressa Silene campanulata ssp.
Cypripedium fasciculatum Utricularia minor A triplexjoaquiniana campanulata
Darlingtonia californica Vaccinium coccineum Balsamorhiza macrolepis var.
Thelypodium brachycarpum
Eleocharis parvula Wolffia brasiliensis macrolepis Trichocoronis wrightii wrightii
var.
Eleocharis quadrangulata Botrychium crenulatum Trifolium depauperatum var.
Erigeron inornatus calidipetris
var. • Calaveras County Brodiaea coronaria ssp. rosea hydrophilum
Erigeron petrophilus var.sierrensis TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 2 7 Castilleja rubicundula ssp.
Erodium macrophyllum LIST T A : T ; LIST T B : T O; LIST 2 : rubicundula • Contra Costa County
Fritillaria eastwoodiae T ; LIST 3 : 2; LIST 4: T 3 Chamaesyce ocellata ssp. rattanii TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 7 7
Fritillaria pluriflora Agrostis hendersonii Chlorogalum pomeridianum var. LIST T A : 2; LIST T B : 4 3 ; LIST 2 :
Hesperevax caulescens Allium sanbornii sanbornii
var. minus 8 ; LIST 3 : 3; LIST 4 : 2 T

Hibiscus lasiocarpus Allium tribracteatum Clarkia gracilis ssp. tracyi Amsinckia grandiflora
juncus leiospermus ahartii
var. Arctostaphylos myrtifolia Collomia diversifo/ia Amsinckia lunaris
 324
Androsace elongata ssp. acuta
Arabis blepharophylla
Arctostaphylos auriculata
Arctostaphylos manzanita ssp.
laevigata
Arctostaphylos pa/Iida
Aster lentus
Astragalus tener
var. tener
Atriplex cordulata
Atriplex coronata
var. coronata
A triplex depressa
A triplexjoaquiniana
Blepharizonia plumosa ssp.
plumosa
Calandrinia breweri
Calochortus pulchellus
Calochortus umbellatus
Campanula exigua
Carex comosa
Centromadia parryi ssp. congdonii
Cirsium andrewsii
Collomia diversifolia
Convolvulus simulans
Cordylanthus mollis ssp. mollis
Cordylanthus nidularius
Cryptantha hooveri
Delphinium californicum ssp.
interius
Delphinium recurvatum
Dirca occidentalis
Eleocharis parvula
Eriogonum truncatum
Eriogonum umbellatum var.
bahiiforme
Eriophyllum jepsonii
Erodium macrophyllum
Erysimum capitatum ssp.
angustatum
Eschscholzia rhombipetala
Fritillaria agrestis
Fritillaria liliacea
Calium andrewsii ssp. gatense
Helianthella castanea
Hesperevax caulescens
Hesperolinon breweri
Hibiscus lasiocarpus
Hoita strobilina
Holocarpha macradenia
lsocoma arguta
Jug/ans hindsii
Lasthenia conjugens
Lasthenia ferrisiae
Lathyrusjepsonii jepsonii
var.
Lilaeopsis masonii
Limosella subulata
Linanthus acicularis
Linanthus ambiguus
A P P E N D I X I l l : P LA N TS B Y C O U NTY A N D I S LA N D
Madia radiata Cochlearia officinalis var.arctica Melica spectabilis
Malacothamnus ha/Iii Collomia tracyi Minuartia howellii
Meconella oregana Cupressus nootkatensis Mite/la caulescens
Micropus amphibolus Cypripedium californicum Moneses unif/ora
Microseris sylvatica Cypripedium fasciculatum Monotropa unif/ora
Monardella antonina ssp. antonina Cypripedium montanum Mantia howellii
Monardella villosa ssp. globosa Darlingtonia californica Navarretia subuligera
Myosurus minimus ssp. apus Dicentra formosa ssp. oregana Oenothera wolfii
Navarretia cotulifo/ia Discelium nudum Oxalis suksdorfii
Oenothera deltoides ssp. howellii Draba carnosula Pedicularis howellii
Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri Draba howellii Penstemon cinicola
Phacelia phacelioides Empetrum nigrum ssp. Phacelia argentea
Piperia michaelii hermaphroditum Pinguicula vulgaris ssp. macroceras
Potamogeton filiformis Epilobium oreganum Piperia candida
Potamogeton zosteriformis Epilobium rigidum Pityopus californicus
Ranunculus lobbii Erigeron bloomeri var. nudatus Platanthera stricta
Sanicula saxatilis Erigeron cervinus Pleuropogon refractus
Senecio aphanactis Eriogonum hirtellum Poa piperi
Streptanthus albidus ssp. Eriogonum nudum var. paralinum Poa rhizomata
peramoenus Eriogonum pendulum Potamogeton foliosus var.
Streptanthus hispidus Eriogonum ternatum fibrillosus
Triquetrella californica Erythronium citrinum var. citrinum Pyrrocoma racemosa var. congesta
Tropidocarpum capparideum Erythronium hendersonii Rhynchospora alba
Viburnum ellipticum Erythronium howellii Ribes laxif/orum
Erythronium revolutum Romanzoffia tracyi
• Del Norte County Calium oreganum Rubus nivalis
TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 1 3 6 Centiana plurisetosa Sagittaria sanfordii
LIST 1 A : O; LIST 1 B: 2 3 ; LIST 2 :
44; LIST 3 : 4; LIST 4: 6 5
Centiana setigera Salix delnortensis
Cilia capitata ssp. pacifica Sanguisorba officinalis
Abronia umbellata ssp. brevif/ora Cilia millefoliata Sanicula peckiana
Allium siskiyouense Clehnia littoralis ssp. leiocarpa Saxifraga howellii
Angelica lucida Horkelia congesta ssp. nemorosa Saxifraga nuttallii
Antennaria suffrutescens Horkelia sericata Scirpus subterminalis
Arabis aculeolata J/iamna latibracteata Sedum laxum ssp. f/avidum
Arabis koehleri var.stipitata Iris bracteata Sedum laxum ssp. heckneri
Arabis macdonaldiana Iris innominata Selaginella densa var. scopulorum
Arctostaphylos hispidula juncus supiniformis Senecio bolanderi var. bolanderi
Arctostaphylos nortensis Lathyrus delnorticus Senecio macounii
Arnica cernua Lathyrusjaponicus Sidalcea malachroides
Arnica spathulata Lathyrus palustris Sidalcea malvif/ora ssp. patula
Asarum marmoratum Lewisia cotyledon var. howellii Sidalcea oregana ssp. eximia
Asplenium trichomanes ssp. Lewisia oppositifolia Smilaxjamesii
trichomanes Lilium bolanderi Streptanthus howellii
Boschniakia hookeri Lilium kelloggii Tauschia glauca
Calamagrostis crassiglumis Lilium occidentale Thermopsis gracilisvar. gracilis
Calamagrostis foliosa Lilium pardalinum ssp. vollmeri Thermopsis robusta
Cardamine nuttallii gemmata
var.
Lilium parda/inum ssp. wigginsii Trientalis arctica
Carex arcta Lilium rubescens Trifolium howellii
Carexgigas Lilium washingtonianum ssp. Triteleia crocea
var. crocea
Carex lepta/ea purpurascens Vaccinium scoparium
Carex lyngbyei Linanthus latisectus Vancouveria chrysantha
Carex praticola Listera cordata Veratrum insolitum
Carex serpenticola Lomatium howellii Viola langsdorfii
Carex viridula var. viridula Lomatium martindalei Viola palustris
Castilleja affinis ssp. litoralis Lupinus lapidicola Viola primulifolia ssp. occidentalis
Castilleja hispida ssp. brevilobata Lupinus tracyi
Castilleja miniata ssp. elata Lycopus unif/orus
 A P P E N D I X I l l : P LA N T S BY C O U N T Y A N D I S L A N D 325

• El Dorado County Viburnum ellipticum Delphinium inopinum Madia radiata

TOTAL N U M B ER O F TAXA: 52 Viola tomentosa Delphinium recurvatum Malacothamnus aboriginum
LIST lA: O; LIST 1 B: 1 8; LIST 2 : Wyethia reticulata Dicentra nevadensis Meesia triquetra
1 O ; LIST 3 : 2 ; LIST 4: 2 2 Draba praealta Meesia uliginosa
Allium sanbornii var. congdonii • Fresno County Draba sharsmithii Microseris sylvatica
Allium sanbornii var. sanbornii TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 1 5 1 Draba sierrae Mielichhoferia elongata
LIST 1 A: O; LIST l B: 62; LIST 2:
Antennaria pulchella Epilobium howellii Mimulus acutidens
1 7; LIST 3 : 4; LIST 4: 68
Arctostaphylos nissenana Eriastrum hooveri
· Mimulus gracilipes
Bolandra californica Acanthomintha lanceolata Erigeron aequifolius Mimulus grayi
Botrychium ascendens Acanthomintha obovata ssp. Erigeron inornatus var. keilii Mimulus laciniatus
Calochortus clavatus var. avius obovata Erigeron multiceps Mimulus norrisii
Calystegia stebbinsii Amsinckia vernicosa var. furcata Eriogonum eastwoodianum Mimulus subsecundus
Carex davyi Androsace elongata ssp. acuta Eriogonum gossypinum Minuartia obtusiloba
Carex limosa Angelica cal/ii Eriogonum heermannii var. Monardella candicans
Carex tahoensis Antennaria pulchella occidentale Moneses uniflora
Ceanothus roderickii Arabis bodiensis Eriogonum nudum var. indictum Monolopia congdonii
Astragalus kentrophyta var. danaus
Chaenactis douglasii var. alpina Eriogonum nudum var. regirivum Navarretia nigelliformis ssp.
Chlorogalum grandif/orum Astragalus monoensis var. ravenii radians
Eriogonum polypodum
Clarkia biloba ssp. brandegeae Atriplex cordulata Eriogonum prattenianum var. Nemacladus gracilis
Clarkia virgata Atriplex coronata var. coronata avwm Nemophila parviflora var.
Draba asterophora var. A triplex depressa Eriogonum vestitum quercifolia
asterophora Atriplex minuscula Eriophyllum lanatum var. Orcuttia inaequalis
Draba asterophora var. macrocarpa Atriplex subtilis obovatum Petrophyton caespitosum ssp.
Epilobium oreganum Atriplex vallicola Erodium macrophyllum acuminatum
Epilobium palustre Botrychium lineare Eryngium spinosepalum Phacelia orogenes
Erigeron petrophilus var. sierrensis Botrychium minganense Eschscholzia hypecoides Piperia colemanii
Eriogonum ovalifolium var. Bruchia bolanderi Fritillaria agrestis Piperia leptopetala
eximium Bulbostylis capillaris Fritillaria pinetorum Piperia michaelii
Eriogonum tripodum Calyptridium pulchellum Calium andrewsii ssp. gatense Pityopus californicus
Fremontodendron decumbens Calystegia collina ssp. venusta Ciliayorkii Plagiobothrys myosotoides
Calium californicum ssp. sierrae Calystegia malacophylla var. berryi Coodmania luteola Poa lettermanii
Cithopsis pulchella ssp. Camissonia benitensis Cratiola heterosepala Pseudobahia bahiifolia
serpentinicola Camissonia sierrae ssp. alticola Hackelia sharsmithii Pseudobahia peirsonii
Helianthemum suffrutescens Camissonia sierrae ssp. sierrae He/odium blandowii Ribes menziesii var. ixoderme
Horkelia parryi Carex congdonii Hesperevax caulescens Sagittaria sanfordii
)epsonia heterandra Carex limosa Heterotheca monarchensis Schizymenium shevockii
Lewisia longipetala Carex tahoensis Hordeum intercedens Senecio aphanactis
Lewisia serrata Carex tompkinsii Hu/sea brevifolia Sidalcea keckii
Lilium humboldtii ssp. humboldtii Carlquistia muirii Solidago guiradonis
lvesia campestris
Meesia triquetra Carpenteria californica lvesia unguiculata Sphagnum strictum
Monardella candicans Castilleja campestris ssp. jamesia americana var. rosea Sphenopholis obtusata
Navarretia eriocephala succulenta jensiayosemitana Streptanthus farnsworthianus
l Caulanthus californicus
Navarretia prolifera ssp. lutea Lasthenia ferrisiae Streptanthus fenestratus
Ophioglossum pusillum Caulanthus coulteri var. lemmonii Layia discoidea Streptanthus gracilis
f Ceanothus fresnensis
Phacelia stebbinsii Layia heterotricha Tayloria lingulata
Piperia leptopetala Chorizanthe biloba var. immemora Layia munzii Tonestus peirsonii
Podistera nevadensis Chorizanthe ventricosa Lepidium jaredii ssp. album Trichostema ovatum
Polystichum lonchitis Cinna bolanderi Lessingia occidentalis Trifolium bolanderi
Potamogeton epihydrus ssp. Clarkia breweri Lewisia congdonii Tuctoria greenei
nuttallii Claytonia palustris Utricularia intermedia
Lewisia disepala
Rorippa subumbellata Cordylanthus palmatus Lewisia lon�petala Utricularia minor
,-
1 Scirpus subterminalis Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. barbatus Lilium humboldtii ssp. humboldtii Viburnum ellipticum
Scutel/aria galericu/ata Cryptantha glomeriflora
Linanthus acicularis Viola pinetorum ssp. grisea
Senecio layneae Cryptantha rattanii Linanthus oblanceolatus Wyethia elata
Sparganium natans Deinandra halliana Linanthus serrulatus
Tonestus eximius Delphinium ?)lpsophilum ssp. Lupinus citrinus var. citrinus
Utricularia minor ?)lpsophilum Lupinus lepidus var. culbertsonii
326 A P P E N D I X I l l : P LA N TS B Y C O U NTY A N D I S LA N D

• Glenn County Sidalcea oregana ssp. hydrophila Draba howellii Lycopus uniflorus
TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 56 Stellaria obtusa Eleocharis parvula Meesia triquetra
LIST TA: 1 ; LIST 1 B : 24; LIST 2: Streptanthus drepanoides Empetrum nigrum ssp. Melica spectabilis
3; LIST 3 : 2; LIST 4: 26 Tropidocarpum capparideum hermaphroditum Microseris borealis
Anisocarpus scabridus Tuctoria greenei Epilobium oreganum Mite/la caulescens
Antirrhinum subcordatum Viburnum ellipticum Epilobium septentrionale Monardella villosa ssp. globosa
Arctostaphylos manzanita ssp. Erigeron biolettii Moneses uniflora
elegans • Humboldt County Erigeron decumbens var. robustior Monotropa uniflora
Asclepias solanoana TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 1 46 Erigeron petrophilus var. viscidulus Mantia howellii
LIST 1 A: O; LIST T B : 36; LIST 2 :
Astragalus rattanii var. jepsonianus Erigeron supp/ex Oenothera wolfii
35; LIST 3 : 4; LIST 4 : 7 1
Astragalus rattanii var. rattanii Eriogonum umbellatum var. Orthocarpus cuspidatus ssp.
Astragalus tener var. ferrisiae Abronia umbellata ssp. breviflora
bahiiforme cuspidatus
A triplex cordulata Allium hoffmanii Erysimum menziesii ssp. eurekense Oxalis suksdorfii
A triplex coronata var. coronata Allium siskiyouense Erythronium citrinum var. citrinum Piperia candida
A triplex depressa Angelica lucida Erythronium howellii Piperia michaelii
Atriplexjoaquiniana Anomobryum filiforme Pityopus californicus
Erythronium revolutum
Atriplex persistens Antennaria suffrutescens Fissidens pauperculus Platanthera stricta
Brodiaea coronaria ssp. rosea Arabis rigidissima var. rigidissima Pleuropogon refractus
Fritillaria purdyi
Calyptridium quadripetalum Arctostaphylos canescens ssp. Centiana plurisetosa Puccinellia pumila
Cardamine pachystigma var. sonomensis
Cilia capitata ssp. pacifica Ribes laxiflorum
dissectifolia Arctostaphylos hispidula Cilia millefoliata Ribes marshal/ii
Carex buxbaumii Amica cernua Cilia sinistra ssp. pinnatisecta Ribes roezlii var. amictum
Chamaesyce hooveri Amica spathulata Glehnia littoralis ssp. leiocarpa Romanzoffia tracyi
Chamaesyce ocellata ssp. rattanii Astragalus agnicidus Glyceria grandis Rorippa columbiae
Collomia diversifolia Astragalus pycnostachyus var. Hemizonia congesta ssp. tracyi Sanguisorba officinalis
Cypripedium montanum pycnostachyus Hesperevax sparsiflora var. Sanicula peckiana
Eleocharis parvula Astragalus rattanii var. rattanii brevifolia Sanicula tracyi
Epilobium nivium Astragalus umbraticus Hesperolinon adenophyllum Scirpus subterminalis
Epilobium oreganum Bensoniella oregona Horkelia sericata Sedum divergens
Eriastrum brandegeae Boschniakia hookeri tliamna latibracteata Sedum laxum ssp. flavidum
Eriastrum tracyi Calamagrostis bolanderi Iris tenax ssp. klamathensis Sedum laxum ssp. heckneri
Eriogonum nervulosum Calamagrostis crassiglumis juncus supiniformis Senecio bolanderi var. bolanderi
Eriogonum umbellatum var. Calamagrostis foliosa Lathyrus biflorus Senecio macounii
bahiiforme Carex arcta Lathyrus glandulosus Sidalcea malachroides
Erodium macrophyllum Carex buxbaumii Lathyrusjaponicus Sidalcea malviflora ssp. patula
Fritillaria pluriflora Carex geyeri Lathyrus palustris Sidalcea oregana ssp. eximia
Fritillaria purdyi Carex inops ssp. inops Layia carnosa Silene marmorensis
Cilia sinistra ssp. pinnatisecta Carex lepta/ea Lewisia cotyledon var. heckneri Spergularia canadensis var.
Hackelia amethystina Carex lyngbyei Lewisia cotyledon var. howellii occidentalis
Helianthus exilis Carex praticola Lilium bolanderi Stellaria littoralis
Hesperevax caulescens Carex saliniformis Lilium kelloggii Stellaria obtusa
Hesperolinon drymarioides Carex viridula var. viridula Lilium occidentale Tauschia glauca
Hesperolinon tehamense Castilleja affinis ssp. litoralis Lilium pardalinum ssp. vollmeri Thermopsis gracilis var. gracilis
Hibiscus lasiocarpus Castilleja ambigua ssp. Lilium rubescens Thermopsis robusta
Layia septentrionalis humboldtiensis Lilium washingtonianum ssp. Thlaspi californicum
Lepidium /atipes var. heckardii Castilleja mendocinensis purpurascens Tiarella trifoliata var. trifoliata
Linanthus latisectus Clarkia amoena ssp. whitneyi Linanthus acicularis Tracyina rostrata
Linanthus rattanii Clarkia gracilis ssp. tracyi Linanthus latisectus Trichodon cylindricus
Malacothamnus he/Jeri Collinsia corymbosa Trifolium howellii
Listera cordata
Microseris sylvatica Collomia tracyi Lomatium tracyi Veratrum insolitum
Mirabilis greenei Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. Lotusyollabol/iensis Viburnum ellipticum
Navarretia cotulifolia palustris Lupinus constancei Viola palustris
Navarretia jepsonii Cypripedium ca/ifornicum Lupinus elmeri Wyethia longicaulis
Orcuttia pilosa Cypripedium fasciculatum
Lupinus lapidicola
Orobanche valida ssp. howellii Cypripedium montanum
Lupinus tracyi
Polystichum lonchitis Dicentra formosa ssp. oregana
Lycopodiella inundata
Sedum laxum ssp. flavidum Didymodon norrisii
Lycopodium clavatum
 A P P E N D I X I l l : P LA N TS BY C O U N T Y A N D I S L A N D 327

• I mperial County Opuntia wigginsii Astragalus preussii var. preussii Enceliopsis nudicaulis var.
TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 62 Opuntia wolfii Astragalus serenoi var. shockleyi nudicaulis
LIST l A : O; LIST 1 B: 1 4; LIST 2 : Palafoxia arida var. gigantea Blepharidachne kingii Ericameria gilmanii
2 1 ; LIST 3: 1 ; LIST 4: 2 6 Penstemon clevelandii var. Bouteloua trifida Ericameria nana
Allium parishii connatus Calochortus excavatus Erigeron calvus
Amaranthus watsonii Penstemon thurberi Calochortus panamintensis Erigeron compactus var. compactus
Astragalus crotalariae Pholisma sonorae Camissonia boothii ssp. boothii Erigeron uncialis var. uncialis
Astragalus douglasii var. perstrictus Pilostyles thurberi Camissonia boothii ssp. intermedia Eriogonum baileyi var. praebens
Astragalus insularis var. harwoodii Proboscidea althaeifolia Canbya candida Eriogonum bifurcatum
Astragalus lentiginosus var. Salvia greatae Carex buxbaumii Eriogonum contiguum
borreganus Senna covesii Carex congdonii Eriogonum eremicola
Astragalus magdalenae var. Tetracoccus ha/Iii Carex eleocharis Eriogonum gilmanii
I peirsonii Xylorhiza cognata Carex incurviformis var. danaensis Eriogonum hoffmannii var.
I
Astragalus nutans Xylorhiza orcuttii Carex scirpoidea ssp. hoffmannii

r Bursera microphylla
Calliandra eriophylla • Inyo County
pseudoscirpoidea
Carex tahoensis
Eriogonum hoffmannii var.
robustius
Camissonia arenaria TOTAL N U M B ER O F TAXA: 2 2 1 Caulostramina jaegeri Eriogonum intrafractum
LIST l A : 1 ; LIST l B : 69; LIST 2 :
Carnegiea gigantea Ceanothus pinetorum Eriogonum microthecum var.
7 5; LIST 3: 4; LIST 4: 72
Caste/a emoryi Chaenactis douglasii var. alpina lapidicola
Chaenactis carphoclinia var. Abronia nana ssp. covillei Chaetadelpha wheeleri Eriogonum microthecum var.
peirsonii Achnatherum aridum Chamaesyce va/lis-mortae panamintense
Chamaesyce abramsiana Agave utahensis var. eborispina Cheilanthes wootonii Eriogonum puberulum
Chamaesyce arizonica Agave utahensis var. nevadensis Chenopodium simplex Eriogonum shockleyi var. shockleyi
'
�
Chamaesyce platysperma Ageratina herbacea Chrysothamnus albidus Erioneuron pilosum
Colubrina californica Allium atrorubens var. cristatum Chrysothamnus gramineus Fend/ere/la utahensis
Condalia globosa var. pubescens Androstephium breviflorum Chrysothamnus greenei Fimbristylis thermalis
Coryphantha alversonii Angelica kingii Cleomella brevipes Calium hilendiae ssp. carneum
Croton wigginsii Antennaria pulchella Cordylanthus eremicus ssp. Calium hypotrichium ssp.
Cryptantha costata Arabis bodiensis eremicus tomentellum
Cryptantha holoptera Arabis dispar Cordylanthus eremicus ssp. Centiana prostrata
Cynanchum utahense Arabis pulchra var. munciensis kernensis Cilia ripleyi
Delphinium parishii ssp. Arabis pygmaea Cordylanthus tecopensis Ci/mania luteola
subglobosum Arabis repanda var. greenei Crepis runcinata ssp. ha/Iii Coodmania luteola
Ditaxis clariana Arabis shockleyi Cryptantha costata Crindelia fraxino-pratensis
Eschscholzia hypecoides Arctomecon merriamii Cryptantha glomeriflora Hackelia brevicula
Eucnide rupestris Astragalus argophyllus var. Cryptantha holoptera Hackelia sharsmithii
Ceraea viscida argophyllus Cryptantha incana Halimolobos virgata
Helianthus niveus ssp. tephrodes Astragalus atratus var. mensanus Cryptantha roosiorum Hedeoma nanum var. californicum
Horsfordia alata Astragalus cimae var. suff/atus Cryptantha scoparia Horkelia hispidula
Astragalus funereus

l
Horsfordia newberryi Cryptantha tumulosa Hu/sea vestita ssp. inyoensis
lpomopsis effusa Astragalus geyeri var. geyeri Cymopterus gilmanii Hu/sea vestita ssp. pygmaea
lpomopsis tenuifolia Astragalus gilmanii Cymopterus ripleyi var. saniculoides Hymenopappus filifolius var. nanus
juncus acutus ssp. leopoldii Astragalus inyoensis Dedeckera eurekensis Iva acerosa
juncus cooperi Astragalus kentrophyta var. danaus Delphinium inopinum Iva nevadensis
Koeberlinia spinosa ssp. tenuispina Astragalus kentrophyta var. elatus Dodecatheon pulchellum lvesia arizonica var. arizonica
Lotus haydonii Astragalus lentiginosus var. Draba californica lvesia campestris
Lupinus excubitus var. medius kernensis Draba lonchocarpa var. lvesia kingii var. kingii
Lycium parishii Astragalus lentiginosus var. micans lonchocarpa jamesia americana var. rosea
Lyrocarpa coulteri var. palmeri Astragalus lentiginosus var. Draba praealta juncus cooperi
Malperia tenuis piscinensis Draba sharsmithii Juncus nodosus
Mentzelia hirsutissima Astragalus lentiginosus var. Draba sierrae Leymus salinus ssp. mojavensis
Mentzelia tridentata sesquimetralis Draba subumbe/lata Linanthus oblanceolatus
Mimulus aridus
Astragalus mohavensis var. Loeflingia squarrosa var.
Dryopteris filix-mas
Mirabilis tenuiloba hemigyrus Dudleya calcicola artemisiarum
Nama stenocarpum Astragalus monoensis var. ravenii Dudleya saxosa ssp. saxosa Lomatium foeniculaceum ssp.
Nemacaulis denudata var. gracilis Astragalus oophorus var. oophorus Enceliopsis covillei inyoense
Opuntia munzii Astragalus platytropis Enceliopsis nudicaulis var. corrugata Lomatium rigidum
 328
Lupin us gracilentus
Lupinus holmgrenanus
Lupinus lepidus var. utahensis
Lupinus magnificus var. g!areco/a
Lupinus magnificus var. hesperius
Lupinus magnificus var. magnificus
Lupinus nevadensis
Lupinus padre-crowleyi
Lupinus pusillus var. intermontanus
Maurandya petrophila
Mentzelia eremophila
Mentzelia torreyi
Mentzelia tridentata
Mimulus glabratus ssp. utahensis
Mimulus parryi
Mimulus rupicola
Minuartia obtusiloba
Monardella beneolens
Mortonia utahensis
Mui/la coronata
Myurellajulacea
Nitrophila mohavensis
Oenothera caespitosa ssp. crinita
Oenothera californica ssp.
eurekensis
Opuntia pulchella
Oryctes nevadensis
Oxytheca watsonii
Oxytropis parryi
Penstemon calcareus
Penstemon fruticiformis var.
amargosae
Penstemon papillatus
Penstemon scapoides
Penstemon stephensii
Penstemon utahensis
Perityle inyoensis
Perityle villosa
Peta/onyx thurberi ssp. gilmanii
Peteria thompsoniae
Petrophyton caespitosum ssp.
acuminatum
Phacelia amabilis
Phacelia anelsonii
Phacelia inyoensis
Phacelia mustelina
Phacelia nashiana
Phacelia novenmillensis
Phacelia peirsoniana
Phacelia pulchella var. gooddingii
Phlox dispersa
Physaria chambersii
Physocarpus alternans
Pinus longaeva
Piptatherum micranthum
Plagiobothrys parishii
Plagiobothrys salsus
APPENDIX I l l : P LA N TS
Poa lettermanii
Pohlia tundrae
Polygala heterorhyncha
Populus angustifolia
Potamogeton robbinsii
Ranunculus hydrocharoides
Rhynchospora alba
Salvia funerea
Schoenus nigricans
SclerocactusJohnsonii
Sclerocactus polyancistrus
Scutellaria lateriflora
Selaginella leucobryoides
Selinocarpus nevadensis
Sibara deserti
Sidalcea covillei
Sisyrinchium funereum
Spartina gracilis
Sphaeralcea rusbyi var. eremicola
Sphenopholis obtusata
Streptanthus gracilis
Streptanthus oliganthus
Swallenia alexandrae
Swertia albomarginata
Tetracoccus ilicifolius
Thalictrum alpinum
Thelypodium integrifolium ssp.
complanatum
Tonestus eximius
Tonestus peirsonii
Trifolium andersonii var. andersonii
Trifolium dedeckerae
Triglochin palustris
• Kern County
TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 1 42
LIST 1A: O; LIST 1 B: 74; LIST 2 :
4 ; LIST 3 : 2; LIST 4: 62
Allium shevockii
Amsinckia vernicosa var. furcata
Androsace elongata ssp. acuta
Angelica cal/ii
Antirrhinum ovatum
Astragalus ertterae
Astragalus macrodon
Astragalus subvestitus
A triplex cordulata
Atriplex coronata var. coronata
Atriplex depressa
Atriplex erecticaulis
Atriplex subtilis
Atriplex tularensis
Atriplex vallicola
Azolla mexicana
Calochortus palmeri var. palmeri
Calochortus striatus
Calochortus westonii
BY C O U N T Y A N D I S L A N D
Calycadenia villosa
Camissonia integrifolia
Camissonia kernensis ssp.
kernensis
Canbya candida
Carlquistia muirii
Castilleja plagiotoma
Caulanthus californicus
Caulanthus coulteri var. lemmonii
Ceanothus pinetorum
Chamaesyce vallis-mortae
Chorizanthe spinosa
Chrysothamnus albidus
Cirsium crassicaule
C!arkia exilis
C!arkia tembloriensis ssp.
calientensis
C!arkia xantiana ssp. parviflora
Convolvulus simulans
Cordylanthus eremicus ssp.
kernensis
Cordylanthus mollis ssp. hispidus
Cordylanthus rigidus ssp.
brevibracteatus
Cupressus arizonica ssp. nevadensis
Cymopterus deserticola
Deinandra arida
Deinandra mohavensis
Delphinium J!)'psophilum ssp.
J!)'psophilum
Delphinium hansenii ssp.
ewanianum
Delphinium inopinum
Delphinium parryi ssp. purpureum
Delphinium purpusii
Delphinium recurvatum
Dudleya calcicola
Eremalche kernensis
Eriastrum hooveri
Ericameria gilmanii
Erigeron aequifolius
Eriogonum breedlovei var.
breedlovei
Eriogonum breedlovei var. shevockii
Eriogonum gossypinum
Eriogonum kennedyi var. pinicola
Eriogonum nudum var. indictum
Eriogonum temblorense
Eriophyllum Jepsonii
Eriophyllum lanatum var. ha/Iii
Eriophyllum lanatum var.
obovatum
Erodium macrophyllum
Eschscholzia lemmonii ssp.
kernensis
Eschscholzia minutiflora ssp.
twisselmannii
Eschscholzia procera
Fimbristylis thermalis
Fritillaria agrestis
Fritillaria brandegei
Fritillaria pinetorum
Fritillaria striata
Calium angustifolium ssp. onycense
Cilia interior
Cilia latiflora ssp. cuyamensis
Cilia leptantha ssp. pinetorum
Cithopsis tenella
Coodmania luteola
Hesperevax caulescens
Heterotheca shevockii
Heuchera elegans
Hu/sea vestita ssp. parryi
Lasthenia ferrisiae
Lasthenia glabrata ssp. coulteri
Lasthenia lepta/ea
Layia heterotricha
Layia leucopappa
Layia munzii
Lepidiumjaredii ssp. jaredii
Lewisia disepala
Linanthus grandiflorus
Linanthus serrulatus
Loeflingia squarrosa var.
artemisiarum
Lomatium shevockii
Madia radiata
Mentzelia eremophila
Mentzelia tridentata
Microseris sylvatica
Mimulus microphyllus
Mimulus pictus
Mimulus shevockii
Monardella beneolens
Monardella candicans
Monardella linoides ssp. oblonga
Monolopia congdonii
Mucronea californica
Mui/la coronata
Myosurus minimus ssp. apus
Navarretia peninsularis
Navarretia setiloba
Nemacladus gracilis
Nemacladus twisselmannii
Nemophila parvif/ora var.
quercifolia
Opuntia basilaris var. treleasei
Orthotrichum shevockii
Orthotrichum spjutii
Penstemon papillatus
Pentachaeta fragilis
Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri
Perideridia pringlei
Phacelia exilis
 A P P E N D I X 1 1 1 : P LA N TS BY C O U N T Y A N D I S L A N D 329

Phacelia nashiana Allium fimbriatum var. purdyi Helianthus exilis Streptanthus morrisonii ssp.
Phacelia novenmillensis Amsinckia lunaris Hemizonia congesta ssp. ca!yculata kruckebergii
Pseudobahia peirsonii Anisocarpus scabridus Hesperolinon adenophyllum Thelypodium brachycarpum
Psorothamnus arborescens var. Antirrhinum subcordatum Hesperolinon bicarpellatum Torte/la a/pico/a
arborescens Antirrhinum virga Hesperolinon didymocarpum Tracyina rostrata
Pterygoneurum californicum Arabis oregano Hesperolinon drymarioides Trichodon cylindricus
Ribes menziesii var. ixoderme Arctostaphylos canescens ssp. Hesperolinon serpentinum Triteleia lugens
Sagittaria sanfordii sonomensis Horkelia bolanderi Zigadenus micranthus var. fontanus
Sclerocactus polyancistrus Arctostaphylos manzanita ssp. Lasthenia burkei
Selaginella asprella elegans Layia septentrionalis • Lassen County
TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 56
Senecio ionophyllus Arctostaphylos stanfordiana ssp. Legenere limosa
LIST lA: O; LIST 1 B: 23; LIST Z:
Streptanthus cordatus var. piutensis raichei Lilium rubescens
72; LIST 3 : 1; LIST 4: 36
Streptanthus farnsworthianus Asclepias solanoana Limnanthes floccosa ssp. floccosa
Alisma gramineum
Stylocline citroleum Astragalus breweri Linanthus acicularis
Allium atrorubens var. atrorubens
Stylocline masonii Astragalus clevelandii Linanthusjepsonii
Swertia neglecta Astragalus rattanii var. jepsonianus Linanthus latisectus Antennaria flagellaris
Arnica fulgens
Syntrichopappus lemmonii Astragalus rattanii var. rattanii Linanthus rattanii
Astragalus agrestis
Tortu/a californica Azolla mexicana Lomatium hooveri
Astragalus anxius
Trichostema ovatum Balsamorhiza macrolepis var. Lomatium repostum
Astragalus argophyllus var.
Trifolium dedeckerae macrolepis Lupinus antoninus
argophyllus
Viola aurea Brodiaea californica var. leptandra Lupinus sericatus
Astragalus geyeri var. geyeri
Viola pinetorum ssp. grisea Brodiaea coronaria ssp. rosea Malacothamnus helleri
Astragalus inversus
Calamagrostis ophitidis Micropus amphibolus
• Kings County Astragalus iodanthus var.
Calyptridium quadripetalum Mimulus glaucescens
TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: ZZ Calystegia co/lino ssp. oxyphylla diaphanoides
Mimulus nudatus
LIST lA: O; LIST 1 B: 1 Z; LIST Z: Astragalus lemmonii
1; LIST 3: 1; LIST 4: 8
Carex comosa Monardella villosa ssp. globosa
Castilleja rubicundula ssp. Monardella viridis ssp. viridis Astragalus pulsiferae var. pulsiferae
Amsinckia vernicosa var. furcata Astragalus pulsiferae var. suksdorfii
rubicundula Navarretia cotulifolia
Atriplex cordulata A triplex argentea var. hillmanii
Ceanothus confusus Navarretia heterandra
A triplex coronata var. coronata A triplex gardneri var. falcata
Ceanothus divergens Navarretiajepsonii
Atriplex erecticaulis Betula pumila var. glandulifera
Chlorogalum pomeridianum var. Navarretia leucocephala ssp. bakeri
Atriplex subtilis Calochortus longebarbatus var.
minus Navarretia leucocephala ssp.
Atriplex vallicola longebarbatus
Clarkia gracilis ssp. tracyi pauciflora
Caulanthus californicus Camissonia boothii ssp. alyssoides
Collomia diversifolia Navarretia leucocephala ssp.
Caulanthus coulteri var. lemmonii Camissonia claviformis ssp.
Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. brunneus plieantha
Cirsium crassicaule cruciformis
Cryptantha clevelandii var. dissita Navarretia myersii ssp. deminuta
Delphinium gypsophilum ssp. Camissonia minor
Cryptantha excavata Navarretia myersii ssp. myersii
lf>'psophilum Camissonia tanacetifolia ssp.
Delphinium uliginosum Navarretia subuligera
Delphinium recurvatum quadriperforata
Didymodon norrisii Orcuttia tenuis
Eriastrum hooveri Cardamine bellidifolia var.
Epilobium nivium Orobanche valida ssp. howellii
Eriogonum gossypinum pachyphylla
Equisetum palustre Penstemon newberryi var.
Erodium macrophyllum Carex atherodes
Eriastrum brandegeae sonomensis
Hordeum intercedens Carex inops ssp. inops
Erigeron angustatus Piperia leptopetala
Lasthenia ferrisiae Carex lasiocarpa
Eriogonum luteolum var. cantnum Plagiobothrys /ithocaryus
Layia heterotricha Carex limosa
Eriogonum nervulosum Pleuropogon californicus var. davyi
Madia radiata Carex petasata
Eriogonum tripodum Potamogeton zosteriformis
Monolopia congdonii Carex sheldonii
Eriogonum umbellatum var. Ribes roezlii var. amictum
Nemacladus gracilis Carex vallicola
bahiiforme Sedella leiocarpa
Trichostema ovatum Caulanthus major var. nevadensis
Erodium macrophyllum Senecio clevelandii var. clevelandii
Twisselmannia californica C!aytonia umbellata
Eryngium constancei Sidalcea oregano ssp. hydrophila
Erythronium helenae Streptanthus barbiger Cleomella brevipes
• Lake County
Fritillaria pluriflora Streptanthus brachiatus ssp. Cleomella hillmanii
TOTAL N U M BER O F TAXA: 1 1 0
Collomia tracyi
LIST 1 A: 1 ; LIST 1 B : 49; LIST Z : Fritillaria purdyi hoffmanii
Crepis runcinata ssp. ha/Iii
6; LIST 3 : 4 ; LIST 4 : 50 Cilia sinistra ssp. pinnatisecta Streptanthus breweri var.
Cryptantha scoparia
Achnatherum lemmonii var. Gratia/a heterosepala hesperidis
Daleo ornata
pubescens Hackelia amethystina Streptanthus drepanoides
Delphinium stachydeum
Harmonia ha/Iii Streptanthus morrisonii ssp. elatus
 330 APPENDIX I l l : P LA N TS BY C O U N T Y A N D I S L A N D

Dimeresia howellii Penstemon janishiae Allium howellii var. clokeyi Crossosoma californicum
Downingia laeta Penstemon sudans Androsace elongata ssp. acuta Cymopterus deserticola
Drosera anglica Phacelia gymnoclada Aphanisma blitoides Deinandra minthornii
Erigeron disparipilus Phacelia inundata Arctostaphylos gabrielensis Dichondra occidentalis
Erigeron elegantulus Phlox muscoides Arctostaphylos parryana ssp. Dithyrea maritima
Erigeron inornatus var. calidipetris Pogog)tne f/oribunda tumescens Dodecahema leptoceras
Erigeron nevadincola Polyctenium fremontii var. Arenaria macradenia var. kuschei Dudleya blochmaniae ssp.
Eriogonum baileyi var. praebens fremontii Arenaria paludicola blochmaniae
Eriogonum collinum Polyctenium williamsiae Asplenium vespertinum Dudleya cymosa ssp. agourensis
Eriogonum heracleoides var. Polygala subspinosa Aster greatae Dudleya cymosa ssp. crebrifolia
heracleoides Potamogeton filiformis Astragalus bicristatus Dudleya cymosa ssp. marcescens
Eriogonum nutans var. nutans Potamogeton praelongus Astragalus brauntonii Dudleya cymosa ssp. ovatifolia
Eriogonum ochrocephalum var. Potamogeton robbinsii Astragalus lentiginosus var. Dudleya densiflora
ochrocephalum Potamogeton zosteriformis antonius Dudleya multicaulis
Eriogonum prociduum Potentilla basaltica Astragalus leucolobus Dudleya virens ssp. insularis
Eriogonum pyrolifolium var. Potentilla newberryi Astragalus preussii var. laxiflorus Erigeron breweri var. jacinteus
pyrolifolium Psilocarphus elatior Astragalus pycnostachyus var. Eriogonum kennedyi var. alpigenum
Erodium macrophyllum Psoralidium lanceolatum /anosissimus Eriogonum microthecum var.
Geum aleppicum Rhynchospora alba Astragalus tener var. titi johnstonii
Gratia/a heterosepala Ribes hudsonianum var. petiolare Atriplex coulteri Eriogonum umbellatum var. minus
Hackelia cusickii Rorippa columbiae Atriplex pacifica Erodium macrophyllum
Hu/sea nana Rumex venosus Atriplex parishii Erysimum insulare ssp.
lliamna bakeri Salix bebbiana Atriplex serenana var. davidsonii suffrutescens
lvesia aperta var. aperta Scutellaria galericulata Baccharis malibuensis Fritillaria pinetorum
lvesia baileyi var. baileyi Scutellaria holmgreniorum Baccharis plummerae ssp. Galium angustifolium ssp.
lvesia paniculata Senecio hydrophiloides plummerae gabrielense
lvesia sericoleuca Senecio indecorus Berberis nevinii Galium cliftonsmithii
lvesia webberi Silene oregana Botrychium crenulatum Galium grande
juncus hemiendytus var. abjectus Sparganium natans Brodiaea fi!ifolia Ga/ium jepsonii
Loeflingia squarrosa var. Sphaeralcea grossulariifolia ssp. Calandrinia breweri Galium johnstonii
artemisiarum grossulariifolia Calandrinia maritima Cilia latiflora ssp. cuyamensis
Lomatium foeniculaceum var. Stanleya viridiflora Calochortus catalinae Goodmania luteola
macdougalii Stellaria obtusa Calochortus clavatus var. clavatus Harpagonella palmeri
Lomatium hendersonii Stenotus lanuginosus Calochortus clavatus var. gracilis Helianthus nuttallii ssp. parishii
Lomatium ravenii Suaeda occidentalis Calochortus palmeri var. palmeri Heuchera abramsii
Lupinus latifolius var. barbatus Synthyris missurica ssp. missurica Calochortus plummerae Heuchera elegans
Lupinus lepidus var. utahensis Thelypodium brachycarpum Calochortus striatus Hordeum intercedens
Lupinus nevadensis Thelypodium howellii ssp. howellii Calochortus weedii var. intermedius Horkelia cuneata ssp. puberula
Lupinus pusillus var. intermontanus Thelypodium integrifolium ssp. Calystegia peirsonii Hu/sea vestita ssp. gabrielensis
Lycopus uniflorus complanatum Calystegia sepium ssp. binghamiae Hu/sea vestita ssp. parryi
Mertensia cusickii Thelypodium milleflorum Camissonia lewisii Jug/ans californica
Mertensia oblongifolia var. amoena Thermopsis californica var. Canbya candida juncus acutus ssp. leopoldii
Microseris sylvatica argentata Castilleja gleasonii juncus duranii
Mimulus evanescens Trifolium andersonii var. andersonii Castilleja plagiotoma Lasthenia glabrata ssp. coulteri
Mimulus pygmaeus Trifolium gymnocarpon var. Centromadia parryi ssp. australis Lepechinia fragrans
Muhlenbergia jonesii plummerae Cercocarpus betuloides var. Lepidium virginicum var. robinsonii
Nemophila breviflora Trimorpha acris var. debilis blancheae Lilium humboldtii ssp. ocellatum
Orcuttia tenuis Tripterocalyx crux-maltae Chaenactis glabriuscula var. Lilium parryi
Oreostemma elatum Utricularia minor orcuttiana Linanthus concinnus
Orobanche ludoviciana var. Chamaebatia australis Linanthus orcuttii
arenosa • Los Angeles County Chorizanthe parryi var. fernandina Loeflingia squarrosa var.
TOTAL N U M B E R O F TAXA: 1 5 6
Oryzopsis exigua Chorizanthe parryi var. parryi artemisiarum
LIST 1 A : 3; LIST 1 B: 73; LIST 2 :
Pedicularis centranthera 7; LIST 3 : 3 ; LIST 4: 7 0
Chorizanthe spinosa Lupinus elatus
Penstemon cinereus Chorizanthe xanti var. leucotheca Lupinus excubitus var. johnstonii
Abronia maritima
Penstemon cinicola Convolvulus simulans Lupinus peirsonii
Acanthomintha obovata ssp.
Penstemon heterodoxus var. Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. Lycium brevipes var. hassei
cordata
shastensis maritimus Lycium ca/ifornicum
 A P P E N D I X 1 1 1 : P L A N T S B Y C O U N T Y A N D I S LA N D 331

Malacothamnus davidsonii • Madera County Pseudobahia bahiifolia Delphinium bakeri

Microseris douglasii var. TOTAL N U M BER OF TA.XA: 54 Streptanthus farnsworthianus Delphinium luteum
platycarpha LIST 1 A: O; LIST 1 B: 26; LIST 2 : Trifolium bolanderi Dichondra occidentalis
4 ; LIST 3: 2; LIST 4: 2 2 Dirca occidentalis
Microseris sylvatica Tuctoria greenei
Mimulusjohnstonii Arabis repanda var. greenei Veronica cusickii Elymus californicus
Monardella cinerea Atriplex cordulata Wyethia e/ata Erigeron biolettii
Monardella viridis ssp. saxicola Atriplex depressa Erigeron supp/ex
Mucronea californica Atriplex minuscula • Marin County Eriogonum luteolum var. caninum
Muhlenbergia californica Atriplex subtilis TOTAL N U M B E R O F TA.XA: 1 06 Erysimum franciscanum
LIST 1 A : 1 ; LIST 1 B : 69; LIST 2 :
Mui/la coronata Calycadenia hooveri Fissidens pauperculus
5; LIST 3: 6 ; LIST 4: 2 5
Nama stenocarpum Calyptridium pulchellum Fritillaria lanceolata var. tristulis
Camissonia sierrae ssp. alticola Abronia umbellata ssp. brevif/ora Fritillaria liliacea
Navarretia fossalis
Camissonia sierrae ssp. sierrae Agrostis blasdalei
Navarretia prostrata Cilia capitata ssp. chamissonis
Carex congdonii Alopecurus aequalis var.
Nemacaulis denudata var. Cilia capitata ssp. tomentosa
Carex praticola sonomensis
denudata Cilia millefoliata
Nemacladus gracilis Carpenteria californica Amorpha californica var. napensis
Grindelia hirsutula var. maritima
Castilleja campestris ssp. Amsinckia lunaris
Nolina cismontana Helianthella castanea
succulenta Arabis blepharophylla
Opuntia basilaris var. brachyclada Hemizonia congesta ssp.
Ceanothus fresnensis Arctostaphylos hookeri ssp.
Orcuttia californica leucocephala
Oreonana vestita Clarkia australis montana Hesperevax sparsif/ora var.
Collomia rawsoniana Arctostaphylos virgata
Orobanche valida ssp. valida brevifolia
Oxytheca caryophylloides Cordylanthus palmatus Aspidotis carlotta-halliae
Hesperolinon congestum
Parnassia cirrata Cryptantha hooveri Astragalus breweri
Holocarpha macradenia
Cypripedium montanum Astragalus pycnostachyus var.
Pentachaeta aurea Horkelia cuneata ssp. sericea
Pentachaeta lyonii Delphinium i!)'psophilum ssp. pycnostachyus
Horkelia marinensis
i!)'psophilum Blennosperma nanum var.
Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri Horkelia tenuiloba
Delphinium hansenii ssp. robustum
Perideridia pringlei Lasthenia macrantha ssp. bakeri
ewanianum Boschniakia hookeri
Phacelia exilis Lasthenia macrantha ssp.
Phacelia mohavensis Didymodon norrisii Calamagrostis crassiglumis
macrantha
Phacelia stellaris Eriogonum prattenianum var. Calamagrostis ophitidis
Layia carnosa
Piperia cooperi av1um Calandrinia breweri
Lessingia hololeuca
Piperia leptopetala Eriophyllum nubigenum Calochortus tiburonensis
Lessingia micradenia var.
Piperia michaelii Eryngium spinosepalum Calochortus umbellatus
micradenia
Plagiobothrys parishii Erythronium plurif/orum Calystegia purpurata ssp. saxicola
Lilium maritimum
Polygala cornuta var. fishiae Fissidens aphelotaxifolius Campanula californica
Limnanthes douglasii ssp.
Potentilla glandulosa ssp. ewanii Coodmania luteola Carex buxbaumii
sulphurea
Potentilla multijuga Cratiola heterosepala Carex lepta/ea
Linanthus acicularis
Quercus durata var. gabrielensis Hu/sea brevifolia Carex lyngbyei
Linanthus croceus
Quercus engelmannii lvesia unguiculata Castilleja affinis ssp. neglecta
Linanthus grandif/orus
Ribes divaricatum var. parishii jensiayosemitana Castilleja ambigua ssp.
Linanthus rosaceus
Romneya coulteri Lewisia disepala humboldtiensis
Lupinus tidestromii
Rorippa gambelii Lilium humboldtii ssp. humboldtii Ceanothus gloriosus var. exaltatus
Micropus amphibolus
Scutellaria bolanderi ssp. Linanthus grandif/orus Ceanothus gloriosus var. gloriosus
Microseris paludosa
austromontana Linanthus serrulatus Ceanothus gloriosus var. porrectus
Monardella undulata
Selaginella asprella Lupinus citrinus var. citrinus Ceanothus masonii
Navarretia cotulifolia
Senecio aphanactis Mimulus acutidens Chorizanthe cuspidata var.
Navarretia leucocephala ssp. bakeri
Senecio ionophyllus Mimulus grayi cuspidata
Navarretia rosulata
Sidalcea neomexicana Mimulus laciniatus Chorizanthe cuspidata var. villosa
Pentachaeta bellidif/ora
Stylocline masonii Monardella candicans Chorizanthe valida
Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri
Suaeda esteroa Nemophila parvif/ora var. Cirsium andrewsii
Phacelia insularis var. continentis
Suaeda taxifolia quercifolia Cirsium hydrophilum var. vaseyi
Piperia elegans ssp. decurtata
Swertia neglecta Orcuttia inaequalis Clarkia concinna ssp. raichei
Piperia michaelii
Orcuttia pilosa Collinsia corymbosa
Syntrichopappus lemmonii Pityopus californicus
Thelypteris puberula var. sonorensis Pentachaeta fragilis Cordylanthus maritimus ssp.
Plagiobothrys glaber
Thermopsis californica var. Perideridia bacigalupii palustris
Pleuropogon hooverianus
argentata Piperia colemanii Cordylanthus mollis ssp. mollis
Pleuropogon refractus
Potamogeton robbinsii Cypripedium californicum
Polygonum marinense
332 A P P E N D I X I l l : P L A N TS BY C O U NTY A N D I S LA N D

Quercus parvula var. tamalpaisensis Eriophyllum congdonii Arctostaphylos manzanita ssp. Eschscholzia hypecoides
Ranunculus lobbii Eriophyllum nubigenum elegans Fritillaria agrestis
Rhynchospora californica Fritil/aria agrestis Arctostaphylos mendocinoensis Fritil/aria purdyi
Ribes victoris Cithopsis pulchella ssp. Arctostaphylos stanfordiana ssp. Fritillaria roderickii
Sidalcea calycosa ssp. rhizomata serpentinicola raichei Centiana setigera
Sidalcea hickmanii ssp. viridis Horke/ia parryi Arenaria paludicola Cilia capitata ssp. pacifica
Sidalcea malviflora ssp. purpurea Hu/sea brevifolia Asclepias solanoana Cilia millefoliata
Stebbinsoseris decipiens lvesia unguiculata Astragalus agnicidus Cilia sinistra ssp. pinnatisecta
Stellaria littoralis jensiayosemitana Astragalus breweri Clehnia littoralis ssp. leiocarpa
Streptanthus batrachopus jepsonia heterandra Astragalus rattanii var. rattanii Clyceria grandis
Streptanthus glandulosus ssp. Lewisia congdonii Blennosperma nanum var. Hackelia amethystina
pulchellus Lewisia disepala robustum Hemizonia congesta ssp. calyculata
Streptanthus niger Lilium humboldtii ssp. humboldtii Boschniakia hookeri Hemizonia congesta ssp.
Trifolium amoenum Linanthus serrulatus Calamagrostis bolanderi leucocephala
Triphysaria floribunda Lomatium congdonii Calamagrostis crassiglumis Hemizonia congesta ssp. tracyi
Zigadenus micranthus var. fontanus Lupinus citrinus var. deflexus Calamagrostis foliosa Hesperevax sparsiflora var.
Lupinus gracilentus Calandrinia breweri brevifolia
• Mariposa County Lupinus spectabilis Calystegia collina ssp. oxyphylla Hesperolinon adenophyllum
TOTAL N U MBER O F TAXA: 73 Meesia uliginosa Calystegia purpurata ssp. saxicola Horkelia bolanderi
LIST l A : 1; LIST 1 8 : 3 1 ; LIST 2:
Mielichhoferia elongata Campanula californica Horkelia marinensis
1 0;
LIST 3: 1 ; LIST 4: 3 0 Mimulus filicaulis Cardamine pachystigma var. Horkelia tenuiloba
Mimulus gracilipes dissectifolia Howellia aquatilis
Agrostis humilis
Mimulus grayi Carex arcta lliamna bakeri
Allium sanbornii var. congdonii
Mimulus inconspicuus Carex californica juncus supiniformis
Alliumyosemitense
Mimulus laciniatus Carex comosa Lasthenia burkei
Anomobryum filiforme
Mimulus pulchellus Carex livida Lasthenia conjugens
Balsamorhiza macrolepis var.
Monardella candicans Carex lyngbyei Lasthenia macrantha ssp. bakeri
macrolepis
Ophioglossum californicum Carex saliniformis Lasthenia macrantha ssp.
Bolandra californica
Perideridia bacigalupii Carex viridula var. viridula macrantha
Bruchia bolanderi
Piperia colemanii Castilleja affinis ssp. litoralis Lathyrus glandulosus
Bulbostylis capillaris
Piperia leptopetala Castilleja ambigua ssp. Layia septentrionalis
Calandrinia breweri
Pityopus californicus humboldtiensis Lewisia stebbinsii
Calochortus clavatus var. avius
Plagiobothrys torreyi var. torreyi Castilleja mendocinensis Lilium maritimum
Calycadenia hooveri
Potamogeton epihydrus ssp. Ceanothus confusus Lilium rubescens
Calyptridium pulchellum
nuttallii Ceanothus foliosus var. vineatus Limnanthes bakeri
Camissonia sierrae ssp. alticola
Rhynchospora alba Ceanothus gloriosus var. exaltatus Linanthus acicularis
Camissonia sierrae ssp. sierrae
Rhynchospora californica Ceanothus gloriosus var. gloriosus Linanthus latisectus
Carex congdonii
Rhynchospora capitellata Chorizanthe howellii Linanthus rattanii
Carex tompkinsii
Trichostema rubisepalum Clarkia amoena ssp. whitneyi Listera cordata
Castilleja campestris ssp. succulenta
Trifolium bolanderi Clarkia gracilis ssp. tracyi Lomatium engelmannii
Ceanothus fresnensis
Veronica cusickii Collinsia corymbosa Lupinus antoninus
Cinna bolanderi
Wyethia elata Collomia diversifolia Lupinus milo-bakeri
Clarkia australis
Cupressus goveniana ssp. pigmaea Malacothamnus mendocinensis
Clarkia biloba ssp. australis • Mendocino County Cypripedium californicum Melica spectabilis
Clarkia lingulata TOTAL N U M B ER O F TAXA: 1 4 5 Cypripedium montanum Microseris borealis
Clarkia rostrata LIST l A : 3; LIST 1 8: 6 1 ; LIST 2 :
Epilobium nivium Microseris paludosa
Clarkia virgata 2 5;
LIST 3: 3; LIST 4: 53 Epilobium oreganum Mimulus nudatus
Claytonia megarhiza
Epilobium septentrionale Mite/la caulescens
Collomia rawsoniana Abronia umbellata ssp. breviflora
Agrostis blasdalei
Erigeron biolettii Monardella villosa ssp. globosa
Cryptantha mariposae
Erigeron decumbens var. robustior Navarretia cotulifolia
Cypripedium montanum Alisma gramineum
Angelica lucida
Erigeron supp/ex Navarretia leucocephala ssp. bakeri
Downingia pusilla
Eriogonum kelloggii Navarretia subuligera
Entosthodon kochii Anisocarpus scabridus
Eriogonum strictum var. greenei Ophioglossum pusillum
Erigeron mariposanus Antirrhinum virga
Eriogonum umbellatum var. Orobanche valida ssp. howellii
Eriogonum tripodum Arabis macdonaldiana
bahiiforme Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri
Eriophyllum confertiflorum var. Arctostaphylos canescens ssp.
tanacetiflorum sonomens1s Erysimum menziesii ssp. menziesii Phacelia insularis var. continentis
Erythronium revolutum Pinus contorta ssp. bolanderi
 APPENDIX Ill: P LA N TS B Y C O U NTY A N D I S LA N D 333

Piperia candida Cordylanthus mollis ssp. hispidus A triplex argentea var. hillmanii Mertensia cusickii
Pityopus californicus Cryptantha hooveri A triplex gardneri var. falcata Mertensia longiflora
Plagiobothrys lithocaryus Cryptantha rattanii Azolla mexicana Mertensia oblongifolia var. amoena
Pleuropogon californicus var. davyi Delphinium californicum ssp. Balsamorhiza serrata Mertensia oblongifolia var.
Pleuropogon hooverianus interius Betula pumila var. glandulifera oblongifolia
Pleuropogon refradus Delphinium gypsophilum ssp. Botrychium crenulatum Mimulus cusickii
Potamogeton epihydrus ssp. gypsophilum Botrychium lunaria Mimulus evanescens
nuttallii Delphinium recurvatum Calochortus greenei Mimulus pygmaeus
Puccinellia pumila Downingia pusilla Calochortus longebarbatus var. Muhlenbergia jonesii
Ranunculus lobbii Eleocharis quadrangulata longebarbatus Navarretia subuligera
Rhynchospora alba Eriogonum nudum var. indidum Camissonia boothii ssp. alyssoides Nemophila breviflora
Ribes roezlii var. amidum Eriogonum vestitum Camissonia claviformis ssp. Osmorhiza depauperata
Ribes vidoris Erodium macrophyllum cruciformis Penstemon cinereus
Sanguisorba officinalis Eryngium racemosum Camissonia minor Penstemon cinicola
Sedum eastwoodiae Gratia/a heterosepala Campanula scabrella Penstemon heterodoxus var.
Senecio bolanderi var. bolanderi Hesperevax caulescens Carex atherodes shastensis
Sidalcea ca!ycosa ssp. rhizomata Lasthenia ferrisiae Carex inops ssp. inops Penstemon janishiae
Sidalcea malachroides Linanthus ambiguus Carex petasata Phacelia inundata
Sidalcea malviflora ssp. purpurea Linanthus grandiflorus Carex sheldonii Phacelia sericea var. ciliosa
Sidalcea oregana ssp. hydrophila Malacothamnus ha/Iii Carex vallicola Phlox muscoides
Silene campanulata ssp. Microseris sylvatica Chenopodium simplex Plagiobothrys salsus
campanulata Monardella leucocephala Claytonia megarhiza Platanthera strida
Ste/laria littoralis Navarretia myersii ssp. myersii Claytonia umbellata Pogogyne floribunda
Streptanthus barbiger Navarretia nigelliformis ssp. Cordylanthus capitatus Polyctenium fremontii var.
Streptanthus drepanoides radians Cupressus bakeri fremontii
Traryina rostrata Navarretia prostrata Cypripedium montanum Polygonum polygaloides ssp.
Trichodon rylindricus Nemacladus gracilis Delphinium stachydeum esotericum
Trifolium amoenum Neostapfia colusana Dimeresia howellii Potamogeton epihydrus ssp.
Triquetrella californica Ophioglossum californicum Dodecatheon pulchellum nuttallii
Veratrum fimbriatum Orcuttia inaequalis Downingia laeta Potamogeton zosteriformis
Viburnum ellipticum Orcuttia pilosa Erigeron elegantulus Potentilla newberryi
Viola palustris Pentachaeta fragilis Erigeron inornatus var. calidipetris Psi/ocarphus elatior
Wyethia longicaulis Phacelia ciliata var. opaca Eriogonum heracleoides var. Ranunculus macounii
Zigadenus micranthus var. fontanus Plagiobothrys glaber heracleoides Ribes hudsonianum var. petiolare
Potamogeton filiformis Eriogonum prociduum Rorippa columbiae
• Merced County Pseudobahia bahiifolia Eriogonum umbellatum var. Salix bebbiana
TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 5 5 Sagittaria sanfordii glaberrimum Salvia dorrii var. incana
LIST 1 A : 2; LIST 1 B: 30; LIST 2 :
6 ; LIST 3 : 1 ; LIST 4: 1 6
Senecio aphanadis Galium glabrescens ssp. modocense Saxifraga cespitosa
Streptanthus insignis ssp. lyonii Galium serpenticum ssp. Scutellaria galericulata
Acanthomintha lanceolata
Trichocoronis wrightii var. wrightii warnerense Scutellaria holmgreniorum
Agrostis hendersonii
Tudoria greenei Gentiana affinis var. parvidentata Senecio hydrophiloides
Androsace elongata ssp. acuta
Geum aleppicum Senecio indecorus
Astragalus tener var. tener • Modoc County Gratia/a heterosepala Silene oregana
A triplex cordulata TOTAL N U M B E R O F TAXA: 1 1 3
Hackelia cusickii Solidago gigantea
Atriplex coronata var. coronata LIST 1 A : O; LIST 1 B: 1 7; LIST 2 :
63; LIST 3 : 3 ; LIST 4 : 3 0
Hu/sea nana Stachys palustris ssp. pilosa
A triplex depressa
Hymenoxys lemmonii Stenotus lanuginosus
A triplexjoaquiniana Alisma gramineum
lfiamna bakeri Suaeda occidentalis
Atriplex minuscula Antennaria flagellaris
lvesia baileyi var. beneolens Synthyris missurica ssp. missurica
A triplex persistens Arabis cobrensis
Lathyrus rigidus Thelypodium howellii ssp. howellii
Atriplex subtilis Arabis microphylla var. microphylla
Lomatium foeniculaceum var. Thelypodium milleflorum
Atriplex vallicola Arabis oregana
macdougalii Thermopsis californica var.
Calycadenia hooveri Amica fulgens
Lomatium grayi argentata
Castilleja campestris ssp. Astragalus inversus
Lomatium hendersonii Trifolium andersonii var. andersonii
succulenta Astragalus iodanthus var.
Lomatium ravenii Trifolium gymnocarpon var.
Chamaesyce hooveri diaphanoides
Lupinus latifolius var. barbatus plummerae
Clarkia breweri Astragalus lemmonii
Lupinus pusillus var. intermontanus Triteleia grandiflora ssp. howellii
Clarkia rostrata Astragalus pulsiferae var. suksdorfii
Lupinus uncialis Utricularia intermedia
 334 A P P E N D I X I l l : P LA N TS B Y C O U NTY A N D I S LA N D

Utricularia minor Chrysothamnus albidus Lupinus pusillus var. intermantanus Triglachin palustris
Valeriana occidenta/is Claytonia megarhiza Mentze/ia torreyi Viola aurea
Claytonia umbellata Mimulus glabratus ssp. utahensis
• Mono County • Monterey County
Cleomella brevipes Minuartia obtusilaba
TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 1 53 Crepis runcinata ssp. ha/Iii Muhlenbergiajanesii TOTAL N U M B E R O F TAXA: 1 68
LIST l A : O; LIST 1 B: 3 6; LIST 2 : LIST 1 A : 1 ; LIST l B : 9 5; LIST 2 :
Cryptantha crymophila Opuntia pulchella
7 3 ; LIST 3 : 4 ; LIST 4: 40 1 ; LIST 3 : 6 ; LIST 4: 65
Cryptantha glomeriflora Orabanche ludaviciana var.
Abronia nana ssp. covillei Cusickiella quadricostata arenasa Abies bracteata
Achnatherum aridum Dedeckera eurekensis Acanthomintha lancealata
Orthatrichum spjutii
Allium atrorubens var. atrorubens Acanthamintha abavata ssp.
Dodecatheon pulchellum Oxytropis deflexa var. sericea
Angelica kingii cordata
Draba asterophora var. Oxytrapis parryi
Antennaria pulchella asterophora Pedicularis crenulata Acanthomintha abavata ssp.
Arabis bodiensis Draba breweri var. cana Pensteman barnebyi abavata
Arabis cobrensis Draba californica Pensteman papillatus Allium hickmanii
Arabis dispar Draba incrassata Amorpha californica var. napensis
Phacelia gymnaclada
Arabis fernaldiana var. stylosa Antirrhinum avatum
Draba lanchacarpa var. Phacelia inyaensis
Arabis microphylla var. microphylla Arabis blepharaphylla
lanchacarpa Phacelia manoensis
Arabis pinzlae Arctastaphylas cruzensis
Draba monaensis Phacelia peirsaniana
Arabis repanda var. greenei Draba praealta Physacarpus alternans Arctastaphylas edmundsii
Arabis tiehmii Arctostaphylos hookeri ssp. hookeri
Draba sierrae Pinus longaeva
Astragalus argophyllus var. Draba subumbellata Piptatherum micranthum Arctastaphylas haaveri
argophyllus Dryopteris filix-mas Plagiobothrys parishii Arctostaphylos montereyensis
Astragalus geyeri var. geyeri Elymus scribneri Paa abbreviata ssp. marshii Arctastaphylas abispaensis
Astragalus inyoensis Enceliopsis nudicaulis var. Paa abbreviata ssp. pattersanii Arctastaphylas pajaraensis
Astragalusjohannis-howellii nudicaulis Paa lettermanii Arctastaphylas pilasula
Astragalus kentrophyta var. danaus Epilabium hawellii Padistera nevadensis Arctastaphylas pumila
Astragalus lemmonii Ericameria nana Palemanium chartaceum Aristocapsa insignis
Astragalus lentiginosus var. Eriagonum baileyi var. praebens Palyctenium fremontii var. Aspidatis carlatta-halliae
piscinensis fremontii Astragalus macradan
Eriagonum micrathecum var.
Astragalus monoensis var. alpinum Polyctenium williamsiae Astragalus nuttallii var. nuttallii
monoensis Eriogonum nutans var. nutans Polygala intermontana Astragalus tener var. tener
Astragalus monoensis var. ravenii Eriaganum ochrocephalum var. Patamageton filiformis Astragalus tener var. titi
Astragalus oophorus var. lavinii alexanderae Patentilla concinna Atriplex caronata var. coronata
Astragalus oophorus var. oophorus Eriaganum shackleyi var. shackleyi Patentilla gracilis var. pulcherrima Atriplexjaaquiniana
Astragalus platytropis Festuca minutiflara Patentilla marefieldii Baccharis plummerae ssp. glabrata
Astragalus pseudiodanthus Bloomeria humilis
Fimbristylis thermalis Patentilla newberryi
Astragalus serenoi var. shockleyi Calandrinia breweri
Fritillaria pinetarum Ranunculus hydracharoides
Blepharidachne kingii Calachortus weedii var. vestus
Gentiana prostrata Salix brachycarpa ssp. brachycarpa
Botrychium crenulatum Glyceria grandis Calycadenia villasa
Salix nivalis
Botrychium lunaria Gaadmania luteala Calyptridium parryi var. hesseae
Scirpus pumilus
Calochortus excavatus Hackelia brevicula Sedum pinetarum Calystegia callina ssp. venusta
Camissonia boothii ssp. boothii Camissonia hardhamiae
Halima/obos virgata Senecio pattersonensis
Camissonia boothii ssp. intermedia Carex obispoensis
Hordeum intercedens Spartina gracilis
Carex congdonii Harkelia hispidula Carlquistia muirii
Sphaeromeria potentilloides var.
Carex eleocharis Hu/sea vestita ssp. inyaensis nitraphila Castilleja latifolia
Carex incurviformis var. danaensis Hu/sea vestita ssp. pygmaea Caulanthus coulteri var. lemmanii
Sphenophalis abtusata
Carex norvegica Hymenapappus filifolius var. nanus Streptanthus aliganthus Ceanathus cuneatus var. rigidus
Carex occidentalis Iva nevadensis Tetradymia tetrameres Centromadia parryi ssp. congdonii
Carex parryana var. ha/Iii lvesia kingii var. kingii Thalictrum alpinum Chlaragalum purpureum var.
Carex petasata purpureum
)amesia americana var. rasea Thelypadium integrifolium ssp.
Carex praticola )uncus hemiendytus var. abjectus complanatum Charizanthe bilaba var. immemora
Carex scirpoidea ssp. Chorizanthe dauglasii
Kabresia bellardii Thelypodium milleflarum
pseudoscirpoidea Tonestus peirsonii Charizanthe palmeri
Lupinus duranii
Carex tahoensis
Lupinus lepidus var. culbertsonii Townsendia condensata Chorizanthe pungens var. pungens
Carex tiogana Charizanthe rectispina
Lupinus lepidus var. utahensis Townsendia leptotes
Carex vallicola Chorizanthe robusta var. rabusta
Lupinus nevadensis Tawnsendia parryi
Chaetadelpha wheeleri Chorizanthe ventricosa
Lupinus padre-crowleyi Trifolium dedeckerae

Cirsium occidentale var.
compactum
Clarkia breweri
Clarkiajolonensis
Clarkia lewisii
Collinsia multicolor
Cordylanthus rigidus ssp. littoralis
Corethrowne leucophylla
Cryptantha rattanii
Cupressus goveniana ssp. goveniana
Cupressus macrocarpa
Deinandra halliana
Deinandra increscens ssp. foliosa
Delphinium wpsophilum ssp.
wpsophilum
Delphinium gypsophilum ssp.
parviflorum
Delphinium hutchinsoniae
Delphinium recurvatum
Delphinium umbraculorum
Elymus californicus
Eriastrum luteum
Eriastrum virgatum
Ericameria fasciculata
Eriogonum argillosum
Eriogonum butterworthianum
Eriogonum eastwoodianum
Eriogonum heermannii var.
occidentale
Eriogonum nortonii
Eriogonum nudum var. indictum
Eriogonum temblorense
Eriogonum umbellatum var.
bahiiforme
Erodium macrophyllum
Erysimum ammophilum
Erysimum menziesii ssp. menziesii
Erysimum menziesii ssp. yadonii
Eschscholzia hypecoides
Fissidens pauperculus
Fritillaria agrestis
Fritillaria falcata
Fritillaria liliacea
Fritillaria viridea
Calium andrewsii ssp. gatense
Calium californicum ssp. luciense
Calium clementis
Calium cliftonsmithii
Calium hardhamiae
Cilia tenuiflora ssp. amplifaucalis
Cilia tenuif/ora ssp. arenaria
Cithopsis tenella
Grindelia hirsutula var. maritima
Holocarpha macradenia
Horkelia cuneata ssp. sericea
Horkeliayadonii
Lasthenia conjugens
A P P E N D I X I l l : P LA N TS
Lasthenia ferrisiae
Lasthenia lepta/ea
Layia carnosa
Layia heterotricha
Layia jonesii
Lessingia hololeuca
Lessingia occidentalis
Lessingia tenuis
Linanthus grandiflorus
Lomatium parvifolium
Lupinus albifrons var. abramsii
Lupinus cervinus
Lupinus tidestromii
Madia radiata
Malacothamnus abbottii
Malacothamnus aboriginum
Malacothamnus davidsonii
Malacothamnusjonesii
Malacothamnus niveus
Malacothamnus palmeri var.
involucratus
Malacothamnus palmeri var.
lucianus
Malacothamnus palmeri var.
palmeri
Malacothrix phaeocarpa
Malacothrix saxatilis var.
arachnoidea
Micropus amphibolus
Microseris paludosa
Mimulus rattanii ssp. decurtatus
Mimulus subsecundus
Monardella antonina ssp. antonina
Monardella antonina ssp.
benitensis
Monardella palmeri
Monardella undulata
Mucronea californica
Navarretiajaredii
Navarretia nigelliformis ssp.
radians
Navarretia prostrata
Ophioglossum californicum
Pedicularis dudleyi
Pentachaeta exilis ssp. aeolica
Pentachaeta fragilis
Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri
Perideridia pringlei
Pinus radiata
Piperia leptopetala
Piperia michaelii
Piperia yadonii
Plagiobothrys chorisianus var.
hickmanii
Plagiobothrys uncinatus
Pogowne clareana
Potentilla hickmanii
BY C O U N T Y A N D I S L A N D 335
Ribes sericeum Cordylanthus mollis ssp. mollis
Rosa pinetorum Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. brunneus
Sanicula hoffmannii Cryptantha cleve/andii var. dissita
Sanicula maritima Delphinium uliginosum
Sidalcea hickmanii ssp. hickmanii Downingia pusilla
Sidalcea malachroides Eleocharis parvula
Stebbinsoseris decipiens Equisetum palustre
Streptanthus albidus ssp. Erigeron angustatus
peramoenus Erigeron biolettii
Stylocline masonii Eriogonum luteolum var. caninum
Syntrichopappus lemmonii Eriogonum nervulosum
Systenotheca vortriedei Eriogonum tripodum
Trifolium buckwestiorum Eriogonum umbellatum var.
Trifolium depauperatum var. bahiiforme
hydrophilum Erodium macrophyllum
Trifolium polyodon Erythronium helenae
Trifolium trichocalyx Fritillaria plurif/ora
Triteleia ixioides ssp. cookii Fritillaria purdyi
Trite/eia lugens Cilia sinistra ssp. pinnatisecta
Tropidocarpum capparideum Harmonia ha/Iii
Zigadenus micranthus var. fontanus Harmonia nutans
Helianthus exilis
• Napa County Hesperevax caulescens
TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 1 07 Hesperolinon bicarpellatum
LIST I A : O; LIST 1 B: 50; LIST 2 :
Hesperolinon breweri
3; LIST 3: 6; LIST 4: 4 8
Hesperolinon drymarioides
Allium fimbriatum var. purdyi Hesperolinon serpentinum
Amorpha californica var. napensis
Jug/ans hindsii
Amsinckia lunaris
Lasthenia conjugens
Antirrhinum virga
Lathyrusjepsonii var. jepsonii
Arabis modesta
Layia septentrionalis
Arabis oregana
Legenere limosa
Arctostaphylos manzanita ssp.
Lessingia hololeuca
elegans
Lilaeopsis masonii
Asclepias solanoana
Lilium rubescens
Aster lentus
Limnanthes floccosa ssp. f/occosa
Astragalus breweri
Limnanthes vinculans
Astragalus clarianus
Linanthus acicularis
Astragalus clevelandii
Linanthusjepsonii
Astragalus rattanii var. jepsonianus
Linanthus latisectus
Astragalus tener var. tener
Lomatium hooveri
A triplexjoaquiniana
Lomatium repostum
Balsamorhiza macrolepis var.
Lupinus sericatus
macrolepis
Malacothamnus helleri
Brodiaea californica var. leptandra Micropus amphibolus
Calamagrostis ophitidis
Microseris sylvatica
Calandrinia breweri
Mimulus nudatus
Calyptridium quadripetalum
Monardella villosa ssp. globosa
Castilleja affinis ssp. neglecta
Monardella viridis ssp. viridis
Castilleja rubicundula ssp.
Navarretia cotulifolia
rubicundula
Navarretia jepsonii
Ceanothus confusus
Navarretia leucocephala ssp. bakeri
Ceanothus divergens
Navarretia leucocephala ssp.
Ceanothus purpureus pauciflora
Ceanothus sonomensis
Navarretia rosulata
Clarkia gracilis ssp. tracyi Navarretia subuligera
Collomia diversifolia Orobanche valida ssp. howellii
336 APPEN D IX I l l : P LA N TS B Y C O U NTY A N D I S LA N D

Penstemon newberryi var. lvesia sericoleuca Comarostaphylis divmifolia ssp. Sida/cea neomexicana
sonomens1s juncus hemiendytus var. abjedus diversifo/ia Suaeda esteroa
Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri juncus marginatus var. marginatus Convolvulus simu/ans Suaeda taxifolia
Pityopus californicus Lathyrus sulphureus var. Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. Tetracoccus dioicus
Plagiobothrys stridus argillaceus maritimus Verbesina dissita
Poa napensis Lewisia cantelovii Cupressus forbesii Viguiera laciniata
Polygonum marinense Lewisia longipetala Deinandra paniculata
Psilocarphus brevissimus var. Lilium humboldtii ssp. humboldtii Dichondra occidentalis • Placer County
Ljcopodiella inundata Dudleya blochmaniae ssp. TOTAL N U M B E R O F TAXA: 43
multiflorus
LIST T A: O; LIST T B: T 5; LIST 2 :
Ranunculus lobbii Lycopus uniflorus blochmaniae
6 ; LIST 3 : 3; LIST 4: T 9
Ribes vidoris Microseris sylvatica Dudleya cymosa ssp. ovatifolia
Allium sanbornii var. congdonii
Senecio clevelandii var. clevelandii Mimulus glaucescens Dudleya multicaulis
Allium sanbornii var. sanbornii
Sidalcea hickmanii ssp. viridis Monardella candicans Dudleya stolonifera
Dudleya viscida Androsace occidentalis var. simplex
Sidalcea oregana ssp. hydrophila Monardella follettii
Arabis rigidissima var. demota
Streptanthus barbiger Muhlenbergiajonesii Eleocharis parvula
Ardostaphylos mewukka ssp. truei
Streptanthus brachiatus ssp. Penstemon personatus Eriastrum densifolium ssp.
Astragalus pauperculus
brachiatus Perideridia bacigalupii sandorum
Astragalus whitneyi var. lenophyllus
Streptanthus breweri var. hesperidis Phacelia stebbinsii Euphorbia misera
Balsamorhiza macrolepis var.
Streptanthus morrisonii ssp. elatus Piperia leptopetala Harpagonella palmeri
macrolepis
Streptanthus morrisonii ssp. Plagiobothrys glyptocarpus var. Helianthus nuttallii ssp. parishii
Cardamine pachystigma var.
kruckebergii modestus Holocarpha virgata ssp. elongata
dissedifolia
Thelypodium brachycarpum Potamogeton robbinsii Hordeum intercedens
Carex davyi
Trichostema rubisepalum Rhynchospora alba Horkelia cuneata ssp. puberula
Carex sheldonii
Trifolium amoenum Rhynchospora capitellata lsocoma menziesii var. decumbens
Chlorogalum grandiflorum
Trifolium depauperatum var. Rorippa subumbellata Jug/ans californica
Clarkia biloba ssp. brandegeae
hydrophilum Scutellaria galericulata juncus acutus ssp. leopoldii
Cordylanthus mollis ssp. hispidus
Triteleia lugens Sidalcea stipularis Lasthenia glabrata ssp. coulteri
Downingia pusilla
Viburnum ellipticum Trifolium lemmonii Lepechinia cardiophylla
Erigeron miser
Zigadenus micranthus var. fontanus Utricularia minor Lepidium virginicum var. robinsonii
Eriogonum tripodum
Viola tomentosa Lilium humboldtii ssp. ocellatum
• Nevada County Eriogonum umbellatum var.
Lycium californicum
TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 50 • Orange County torreyanum
Microseris douglasii var.
LIST T A : O; LIST T B : T 3; LIST 2: TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 78 Fritillaria agrestis
platycarpha
T O; LIST 3 : 3; LIST 4: 24 LIST T A: T ; LIST T B : 42; LIST 2 : Fritillaria eastwoodiae
Mimulus clevelandii
Allium sanbornii var. congdonii 4 ; LIST 3 : 2; LIST 4: 2 9 Glyceria grandis
Mimulus diffusus
Allium sanbornii var. sanbornii Abronia maritima Gratia/a heterosepala
Monardella hypoleuca ssp. lanata
Ardostaphylos mewukka ssp. truei Abronia villosa var. aurita lvesia sericoleuca
Monardella macrantha ssp. ha/Iii
Astragalus whitneyi var. lenophyllus Aphanisma b/itoides Mucronea californica juncus leiospermus var. ahartii
Azolla mexicana Asplenium vespertinum Lathyrus sulphureus var. argillaceus
Nama stenocarpum
Botrychium minganense Astragalus brauntonii Legenere limosa
Navarretia prostrata
Bruchia bolanderi Astragalus pycnostachyus var. Lewisia longipetala
Nemacaulis denudata var. denudata
Bulbostylis capillaris lanosissimus Lewisia serrata
Nolina cismontana
Calystegia stebbinsii Atriplex coulteri Lilium humboldtii ssp. humboldtii
Ophioglossum californicum
Carex davyi Atriplex pacifica Pentachaeta aurea Microseris sylvatica
Clarkia biloba ssp. brandegeae Atriplex parishii Monardella candicans
Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri
Claytonia megarhiza Atriplex serenana var. davidsonii Muhlenbergia jonesii
Phacelia suaveolens ssp. keckii
Cryptantha glomeriflora Brodiaea filifolia Navarretia eriocephala
Piperia cooperi
Cypripedium fasciculatum Calandrinia maritima Navarretia prolifera ssp. lutea
Piperia leptopetala
Darlingtonia californica Calochortus catalinae Polygala cornuta var. fishiae Phacelia stebbinsii
Drosera anglica Calochortus plummerae Quercus dumosa Piperia colemanii
Erigeron miser Calochortus weedii var. intermedius Quercus engelmannii Podistera nevadensis
Erigeron petrophilus var. sierrensis Camissonia lewisii Romneya coulteri Rorippa subumbellata
Eriogonum collinum Centromadia parryi ssp. australis Scutellaria galericulata
Rorippa gambelii
Eriogonum umbellatum var. Centromadia pungens ssp. laevis Sparganium natans
Sagittaria sanfordii
torreyanum Chaenadis glabriuscula var. Sphaeralcea munroana
Satureja chandleri
Fremontodendron decumbens orcuttiana Veronica cusickii
Selaginella asprella
Fritillaria eastwoodiae Chorizanthe parryi var. fernandina Senecio aphanadis Viola tomentosa

• Plumas County
TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 96
UST lA: O; LIST 1 B: 2 2 LIST 2:
3 1 ; LIST 3 : 3; LIST 4: 40
Arabis constancei
Arabis microphylla var. microphylla
Arctostaphylos mewukka ssp. truei
Amica fulgens
Astragalus lemmonii
Astragalus lentiformis
Astragalus pulsiferae var. pulsiferae
Astragalus pulsiferae var. suksdorfii
Astragalus webberi
Astragalus whitneyi var. lenophyllus
A triplex argentea var. hillmanii
Azolla mexicana
Betula pumila var. glandulifera
Bruchia bolanderi
Bulbostylis capillaris
Camissonia tanacetifolia ssp.
quadriperforata
Cardamine bellidifolia var.
pachyphylla
Carex buxbaumii
Carex geyeri
Carexgigas
Carex lasiocarpa
Carex limosa
Carex scoparia
Carex sheldonii
Caulanthus major var. nevadensis
Chenopodium simplex
Clarkia mildrediae ssp. lutescens
Clarkia mildrediae ssp. mildrediae
Claytonia palustris
Corallorhiza trifida
Cupressus bakeri
Cypripedium californicum
Cypripedium fasciculatum
Cypripedium montanum
Darlingtonia californica
Drosera anglica
Epilobium luteum
Epilobium palustre
Erigeron inornatus var. calidipetris
Erigeron nevadincola
Erigeron petrophilus var. sierrensis
Eriogonum baileyi var. praebens
Hackelia amethystina
Hymenoxys lemmonii
lvesia aperta var. aperta
lvesia baileyi var. baileyi
lvesia sericoleuca
lvesia webberi
juncus hemiendytus var. abjectus
Lewisia cantelovii
Lewisia kelloggii ssp. hutchisonii
A P P E N D I X I l l : P LA N TS
Lomatium foeniculaceum var.
macdougalii
Lomatium hendersonii
Lupinus dalesiae
Lycopus uniflorus
Meesia triquetra
Mimulus laciniatus
Mimulus pygmaeus
Monardella follettii
Monardella stebbinsii
Muhlenbergiajonesii
Orcuttia tenuis
Oreostemma elatum
Penstemon heterodoxus var.
shastensis
Penstemon personatus
Piperia colemanii
Piperia leptopetala
Polyctenium fremontii var. fremontii
Polygonum polygaloides ssp.
esotericum
Polystichum kruckebergii
Polystichum lonchitis
Potamogeton epihydrus ssp. nuttallii
Potamogeton praelongus
Pyrrocoma lucida
Rhynchospora alba
Rhynchospora capitellata
Scheuchzeria palustris var.
americana
Scirpus subterminalis
Scutellaria galericulata
Sedum albomarginatum
Senecio eurycephalus var. lewisrosei
Senecio hydrophiloides
Silene occidentalis ssp.
longistipitata
Solidago gigantea
Sparganium natans
Stanleya viridiflora
Stellaria obtusa
Thelypodium milleflorum
Trifolium andersonii var. andersonii
Trifolium lemmonii
Trimorpha acris var. debilis
Utricularia intermedia
Utricularia minor
Utricularia ochroleuca
Vaccinium coccineum
Viola tomentosa
• Riverside County
TOTAL N U MBER O F TAXA: 1 83
LIST l A : 2; LIST 1 B: 82; LIST 2 :
33; LIST 3 : 6 ; LIST 4: 6 0
Abronia villosa var. aurita
Acleisanthes longiflora
BY C O U N T Y A N D I S L A N D
Allium marvinii
Allium munzii
Allium parishii
Ambrosia pumila
Ammoselinum giganteum
Androstephium breviflorum
Antirrhinum cyathiferum
Arabisjohnstonii
Arctostaphylos peninsularis ssp.
peninsularis
Arctostaphylos rainbowensis
Asplenium vespertinum
Astragalus bicristatus
Astragalus crotalariae
Astragalus insularis var. harwoodii
Astragalus /entiginosus var.
borreganus
Astragalus lentiginosus var.
coachellae
Astragalus leucolobus
Astragalus nutans
Astragalus pachypus var. jaegeri
Astragalus tricarinatus
A triplex coronata var. notatior
A triplex coulteri
Atriplex pacifica
Atriplex parishii
Atriplex serenana var. davidsonii
Ayenia compacta
Berberis nevinii
Brodiaea filifolia
Brodiaea orcuttii
Bursera microphylla
Calochortus palmeri var. munzii
Calochortus palmeri var. palmeri
Calochortus plummerae
Calochortus weedii var. intermedius
Camissonia arenaria
Carnegiea gigantea
Caste/a emoryi
Castilleja lasiorhyncha
Caulanthus simulans
Ceanothus cyaneus
Ceanothus ophiochilus
Centromadia pungens ssp. laevis
Chaenactis carphoclinia var.
peirsonii
Chaenactis parishii
Chamaesyce abramsiana
Chamaesyce arizonica
Chamaesyce platysperma
Chamaesyce revoluta
Chorizanthe leptotheca
Chorizanthe parryi var. parryi
Chorizanthe polygonoides var.
longispina
Chorizanthe xanti var. leucotheca
337
Colubrina californica
Comarostaphylis diversifolia ssp.
diversifolia
Condalia globosa var. pubescens
Convolvulus simulans
Coryphantha alversonii
Cryptantha costata
Cryptantha holoptera
Cynanchum utahense
Deinandra mohavensis
Deinandra paniculata
Delphinium hesperium ssp.
cuyamacae
Delphinium parishii ssp.
subglobosum
Ditaxis clariana
Ditaxis serrata var. californica
Oodecahema leptoceras
Draba corrugata var. saxosa
Dudleya multicaulis
Oudleya viscida
Eriastrum densifolium ssp.
sanctorum
Erigeron breweri var. jacinteus
Erigeron parishii
Eriogonum foliosum
Erodium macrophyllum
Eryngium aristulatum var. parishii
Euphorbia misera
Galium angustifolium ssp.
gracillimum
Galium angustifolium ssp.
jacinticum
Galium californicum ssp. primum
Galium Johnston ii
Geothallus tuberosus
Cilia caruifolia
Githopsis diffusa ssp. filicaulis
Harpagonella palmeri
Heuchera hirsutissima
Heuchera parishii
Holocarpha virgata ssp. elongata
Hordeum intercedens
Horkelia cuneata ssp. puberula
Horsfordia alata
Horsfordia newberryi
Hu/sea vestita ssp. callicarpha
Hu/sea vestita ssp. parryi
/vesia ca/Iida
Jug/ans californica
juncus cooperi
juncus duranii
Lasthenia glabrata ssp. coulteri
Lepechinia cardiophylla
Lepidium virginicum var. robinsonii
Leptodactylon jaegeri
Lilium humboldtii ssp. ocellatum
 338 APPEN D IX I l l : P LA N TS BY C O U N T Y A N D I S L A N D

Lilium parryi Senecio aphanactis Acanthomintha obovata ssp. Malacothamnus aboriginum

Limnanthes gra cilis ssp. parishii Senecio ganderi obovata Microseris sylvatica
Linanthus floribundus ssp. ha/Iii Senna covesii Amsinckia vernicosa var. furcata Mimulus subsecundus
Linanthus maculatus Sibaropsis hammittii Androsace elongata ssp. acuta Monardella antonina ssp. antonina
Linanthus orcuttii Sidalcea neomexicana Antirrhinum ovatum Monardella antonina ssp.
Lycium parishii Sphaerocarpus drewei Aspidotis carlotta-ha/liae benitensis
Machaeranthera canescens var. Sphenopholis obtusata Astragalus clevelandii Monolopia congdonii
ziegleri Stemodia durantifolia Astragalus macrodon Navarretia cotulifolia
Ma/axis monophyllos ssp. Streptanthus bernardinus Astragalus tener var. tener Navarretia nigelliformis ssp.
brachypoda Streptanthus campestris Atriplexjoaquiniana radians
Marina orcuttii var. orcuttii Stylocline sonorensis Calochortus clavatus var. clavatus Pentachaeta exilis ssp. aeolica
Mate/ea parvifolia Syntrichopappus lemmonii Calyptridium parryi var. hesseae Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri
Mentzelia tridentata Tetracoccus dioicus Calystegia collina ssp. venusta Phacelia phace/ioides
Microseris douglasii var. platycarpha Tetracoccus ha/Iii Camissonia benitensis Piperia leptopetala
Mimulus clevelandii Tetradymia arl')'raea Campanula exigua Piperia michaelii
Mimulus diffusus Thelypteris puberula var. Caulanthus coulteri var. lemmonii Plagiobothrys chorisianus var.
Mirabilis tenuiloba sonorensis Chorizanthe biloba var. immemora hickmanii
Monardella macrantha ssp. ha/Iii Tortu/a californica Chorizanthe douglasii Plagiobothrys glaber
Monardella pringlei Tragia ramosa Chorizanthe palmeri Plagiobothrys uncinatus
Monardella robisonii Trichocoronis wrightii var. wrightii Chorizanthe ventricosa Solidago guiradonis
Mucronea californica Trichostema austromontanum ssp. Clarkia breweri Trichostema rubisepalum
Muhlenbergia californica compactum Clarkia lewisii Trifolium depauperatum var.
Myosurus minimus ssp. apus Trichostema micranthum Convolvulus simulans hydrophilum
Nama stenocarpum Wislizenia refracta ssp. refracta Cryptantha rattanii Triteleia lugens
Navarretia fossalis Xylorhiza cognata Deinandra halliana Zigadenus micranthus var. fontanus
Navarretia prostrata Xylorhiza orcuttii Delphinium californicum ssp.
Nemacaulis denudata var. gracilis interius • San Bernardino County
Opuntia munzii • Sacramento County Delphinium l')'psophilum ssp. TOTAL N U M B E R O F TA.XA: 298
TOTAL N U M B E R O F TA.XA: 2 0 LIST l A : 4; LIST 1 B: 1 0 1 ; LIST 2:
Opuntia wigginsii l')'psophilum
LIST 1 A : O; LIST 1 B: 1 4; LIST 2 : 94; LIST 3 : 4; LIST 4: 9 5
Orcuttia californica 3; LIST 3 : 1 ; LIST 4 : 2
Eriastrum hooveri
Eriastrum virgatum Abronia nana ssp. covillei
Oxytheca caryophylloides
Aster lentus Eriogonum argillosum Abutilon parvulum
Oxytheca emarginata
A triplexjoaquiniana Achnatherum aridum
Penstemon californicus Eriogonum heermannii var.
Cordylanthus mollis ssp. mollis occidentale Agave utahensis var. nevadensis
Penstemon clevelandii var. connatus
Downingia pusilla Ageratina herbacea
Penstemon thurberi Eriogonum nortonii
Eryngium pinnatisectum Allium atrorubens var. cristatum
Pentachaeta aurea Eriogonum nudum var. indictum
Fritillaria agrestis Allium marvinii
Phacelia suaveolens ssp. keckii Eriogonum umbellatum var.
Gratia/a heterosepala Allium nevadense
Phaseolus filiformis bahiiforme
Helianthemum suffrutescens Allium parishii
Pilostyles thurberi Eriogonum vestitum
Hibiscus lasiocarpus Aloysia wrightii
Piperia cooperi Eriophyllum jepsonii
jug/ans hindsii Amaranthus watsonii
Piperia leptopeta/a Erodium macrophyllum
juncus leiospermus var. ahartii Androsace elongata ssp. acuta
Polygala acanthoclada Eryngium aristulatum var. hooveri
LathyrusJepsonii va r. Jepsonii Androstephium breviflorum
Polygala cornuta var. fishiae Eschscholzia hypecoides
Legenere limosa Antennaria marginata
Portulaca halimoides Fritillaria agrestis
Lilaeopsis masonii Arabis breweri var. pecuniaria
Potentilla rimicola Fritillaria falcata
Limosella subulata Arabis dispar
Proboscidea althaeifolia Friti/laria liliacea
Navarretia eriocephala Arabis parishii
Quercus engelmannii Fritillaria viridea
Navarretia myersii ssp. myersii Arabis pulchra var. munciensis
Romneya coulteri Galium andrewsii ssp. gatense
Orcuttia tenuis Arabis shockleyi
Rupertia rigida Hordeum intercedens
Orcuttia viscida Arctomecon merriamii
Salvia eremostachya lsocoma menziesii var. diabolica
Sagittaria sanfordii
Lasthenia ferrisiae Arctostaphylos parryana ssp.
Salvia greatae
Layia discoidea tumescens
Satureja chandleri • San Benito County Arenaria congesta var.
Scutellaria bolanderi ssp. TOTAL N U M B E R O F TAXA: 74
Layia heterotricha
charlestonensis
austromontana LIST 1 A: 1; LIST 1 8 : 24; LIST 2 : Lepidium jaredii ssp. album
Sedum niveum 1 ; LIST 3: 3; LIST 4 : 4 5 Lessingia occidenta/is Arenaria lanuginosa ssp. saxosa
Selaginella asprella Linanthus ambiguus Arenaria paludicola
Acanthomintha lanceolata
Selaginella eremophila Madia radiata Arenaria ursina

Arl')'rochosma limitanea var.
limitanea
Asclepias asperula ssp. asperula
Asclepias nyctaginifolia
Asplenium vespertinum
Astragalus albens
Astragalus allochrous var. playanus
Astragalus bicristatus
Astragalus cimae var. cimae
Astragalusjaegerianus
Astragalus lentiginosus var. antonius
Astragalus lentiginosus var.
borreganus
Astragalus lentiginosus var. sierrae
Astragalus leucolobus
Astragalus nutans
Astragalus preussii var. preussii
Astragalus tricarinatus
Astrolepis cochisensis ssp.
cochisensis
A triplex coulteri
Atriplex parishii
Ayenia compacta
Berberis fremontii
Berberis nevinii
Botrychium crenulatum
Bouteloua eriopoda
Bouteloua trifida
Brodiaea filifolia
Calandrinia breweri
Calochortus palmeri var. palmeri
Calochortus plummerae
Calochortus striatus
Camissonia arenaria
Camissonia boothii ssp. boothii
Camissonia boothii ssp. intermedia
Canbya candida
Carex comosa
Carex occidentalis
Carnegiea gigantea
Caste/a emoryi
Castilleja cinerea
Castilleja lasiorhyncha
Castilleja montigena
Castilleja plagiotoma
Centromadia pungens ssp. laevis
Cercidium microphyllum
Chamaesyce abramsiana
Chamaesyce parryi
Chamaesyce platysperma
Chamaesyce revoluta
Chamaesyce vallis-mortae
Chei/anthes wootonii
Chorizanthe leptotheca
Chorizanthe parryi var. parryi
Chorizanthe spinosa
Chorizanthe xanti var. leucotheca
A P P E N D I X I l l : P LA N T S
Chrysothamnus gramineus
Claytonia lanceolata var. peirsonii
Cleomella brevipes
Cordylanthus eremicus ssp.
eremicus
Cordylanthus parviflorus
Cordylanthus tecopensis
Coryphantha alversonii
Coryphantha vivipara var. rosea
Cryptantha clokeyi
Cryptantha costata
Cryptantha holoptera
Cryptantha tumulosa
Cymopterus deserticola
Cymopterus gilmanii
Cynanchum utahense
Oeinandra mohavensis
Oeinandra paniculata
Ditaxis clariana
Oodecahema leptoceras
Dryopteris filix-mas
Oudleya abramsii ssp. affinis
Oudleya multicaulis
Echinocereus engelmannii var.
howei
Enceliopsis nudicaulis var.
nudicaulis
Enneapogon desvauxii
Eriastrum densifolium ssp.
sanctorum
Ericameria nana
Erigeron breweri var. jacinteus
Erigeron parishii
Erigeron uncialis var. uncialis
Erigeron utahensis
Eriodictyon angustifolium
Eriogonum bifurcatum
Eriogonum contiguum
Eriogonum ericifolium var. thornei
Eriogonum foliosum
Eriogonum heermannii var.
floccosum
Eriogonum kennedyi var. alpigenum
Eriogonum kennedyi var.
austromontanum
Eriogonum microthecum var.
johnstonii
Eriogonum ovalifolium var. vineum
Eriogonum umbellatum var.
juniporinum
Eriogonum umbellatum var. minus
Erioneuron pilosum
Eriophyllum lanatum var.
obovatum
Eriophyllum mohavense
Euphorbia exstipulata var.
exstipulata
BY C O U N T Y A N D I S L A N D
Fend/ere/la utahensis
Fimbristylis thermalis
Fritillaria pinetorum
Calium angustifolium ssp.
gabrielense
Calium angustifolium ssp.
gracillimum
Calium californicum ssp. primum
Calium hilendiae ssp. kingstonense
Calium jepsonii
Calium johnstonii
Calium munzii
Calium wrightii
Centiana fremontii
Cilia leptantha ssp. leptantha
Cilia ripleyi
Clossopetalon pungens
Hedeoma nanum var. californicum
He/ianthus nuttallii ssp. parishii
Heuchera abramsii
Heuchera elegans
Heuchera parishii
Horkelia cuneata ssp. puberula
Horkelia wilderae
Hu/sea vestita ssp. gabrielensis
Hu/sea vestita ssp. parryi
Hu/sea vestita ssp. pygmaea
lvesia argyrocoma
lvesia jaegeri
lvesia patellifera
Jug/ans ca/ifornica
juncus cooperi
juncus duranii
juncus nodosus
Lasthenia glabrata ssp. coulteri
Lepidium virginicum var. robinsonii
Lesquerella kingii ssp. bernardina
Lewisia brachycalyx
Leymus salinus ssp. mojavensis
Lilium humboldtii ssp. ocellatum
Lilium parryi
Linanthus concinnus
Linanthus killipii
Linanthus maculatus
Linanthus orcuttii
Lithospermum incisum
Lotus argyraeus var. multicaulis
Lotus argyraeus var. notitius
Lupinus magnificus var. glarecola
Lycium californicum
Lycium parishii
Lycurus phleoides var. phleoides
Machaeranthera gracilis
Malacothamnus parishii
Ma/axis monophyllos ssp.
brachypoda
Mate/ea parvifolia
339
Maurandya antirrhiniflora ssp.
antirrhiniflora
Mentzelia eremophila
Mentzelia tridentata
Mimulus exiguus
Mimulusjohnstonii
Mimulus mohavensis
Mimulus purpureus
Mirabilis coccinea
Monarda pectinata
Monardella cinerea
Monardella macrantha ssp. ha/Iii
Monardella pringlei
Monardella robisonii
Monardella viridis ssp. saxicola
Mortonia utahensis
Mucronea ca/ifornica
Muhlenbergia appressa
Muhlenbergia arsenei
Muhlenbergia californica
Muhlenbergia fragilis
Muhlenbergia pauciflora
Mui/la coronata
Munroa squarrosa
Myosurus minimus ssp. apus
Nama dichotomum var.
dichotomum
Navarretia peninsularis
Navarretia prostrata
Oenothera caespitosa ssp. crinita
Ophioglossum californicum
Opuntia basilaris var. brachyclada
Opuntia curvospina
Oreonana vestita
Oxytheca caryophylloides
Oxytheca parishii var. cienegensis
Oxytheca parishii var.
goodmaniana
Oxytropis oreophila var. oreophila
Parnassia cirrata
Pediomelum castoreum
Pellaea truncata
Penstemon albomarginatus
Penstemon bicolor ssp. roseus
Penstemon calcareus
Penstemon fruticiformis var.
amargosae
Penstemon stephensii
Penstemon thompsoniae
Penstemon thurberi
Penstemon utahensis
Pentachaeta aurea
Perideridia parishii ssp. parishii
Petradoria pumila ssp. pumila
Phacelia anelsonii
Phacelia coerulea
Phacelia exilis
 340
Phacelia mohavensis
Phacelia mustelina
Phacelia parishii
Phacelia perityloides var. jaegeri
Phlox dolichantha
Pholistoma auritum var.
arizonicum
Physalis lobata
Physaria chambersii
Pinus edulis
Piperia cooperi
Piperia leptopetala
Piptatherum micranthum
Plagiobothrys parishii
Paa atropurpurea
Podistera nevadensis
Poliomintha incana
Polygala acanthoclada
Polystichum kruckebergii
Populus angustifolia
Portulaca halimoides
Psorothamnus arborescens var.
arborescens
Psorothamnus fremontii var.
attenuatus
Puccinellia parishii
Pyrrocoma uniflora var. gossypina
Quercus turbine/la
Ribes divaricatum var. parishii
Robinia neomexicana
Rorippa gambelii
Rupertia rigida
Salvia greatae
Sanvitalia abertii
Schkuhria multiflora var. multiflora
Schoenus nigricans
Sclerocactus polyancistrus
Scleropogon brevifolius
Scutellaria bolanderi ssp.
austromontana
Sedum niveum
Selaginella asprella
Selaginella leucobryoides
Senecio bernardinus
Senecio ionophyllus
Senna covesii
Sidalcea hickmanii ssp. parishii
Sidalcea neomexicana
Sidalcea pedata
Sphaeralcea rusbyi var. eremicola
Sphenopholis obtusata
Streptanthus bernardinus
Streptanthus campestris
Swertia albomarginata
Swertia neglecta
Syntrichopappus lemmonii
Taraxacum californicum
A P P E N D I X I l l : P LA N TS B Y C O U N T Y A N D I S LA N D
Tetracoccus ha/Iii Bergerocactus emoryi Dichondra occidentalis
Tetradymia arg)'raea Brodiaea filifolia Ditaxis serrata var. californica
Teucrium glandulosum Brodiaea orcuttii Downingia concolor var. brevior
Thelypodium stenopetalum Bursera microphylla Dudleya a/ainae
Thelypteris puberula var. sonorensis Calandrinia breweri Dudleya attenuata ssp. orcuttii
Tragia ramosa Calandrinia maritima Dudleya blochmaniae ssp.
Trichostema micranthum Cal/iandra eriophylla blochmaniae
Tripterocalyx micranthus Calochortus catalinae Dudleya brevifolia
Viola aurea Calochortus dunnii Dudleya multicaulis
Viola pinetorum ssp. grisea Camissonia lewisii Dudleya variegata
Wislizenia refracta ssp. refracta Carlowrightia arizonica Dudleya viscida
Woodsia plummerae Caulanthus simulans Ericameria cuneata var.
Ceanothus cyaneus macrocephala
• San Diego County Ceanothus otayensis Ericameria palmeri ssp. palmeri
TOTAL N U M B E R O F TAXA: 2 3 7 Ceanothus verrucosus Eriogonum foliosum
LIST 1 A : O ; LIST 1 B: 1 1 6; LIST 2 :
48; LIST 3: 8 ; LIST 4 : 6 5
Centromadia parryi ssp. australis Erodium macrophyllum
Centromadia pungens ssp. laevis Eryngium aristulatum var. parishii
Abronia maritima
Chaenactis carphoclinia var. Eryngium pendletonensis
Abronia villosa var. aurita peirsonii
Eucnide rupestris
Acanthomintha ilicifolia
Chaenactis glabriuscula var. Euphorbia misera
Achnatherum diegoense
orcuttiana Ferocactus viridescens
Adolphia californica
Chaenactis parishii Frankenia palmeri
Agave shawii
Chamaebatia australis Fremontodendron mexicanum
Ambrosia chenopodiifolia
Chamaesyce arizonica Galium angustifolium ssp.
Ambrosia pumila
Chamaesyce platysperma borregoense
Androsace elongata ssp. acuta Chamaesyce revoluta
Galium johnstonii
Aphanisma blitoides
Chorizanthe leptotheca Geothallus tuberosus
Arabis hirshbergiae Chorizanthe orcuttiana Geraea viscida
Arctostaphylos glandulosa ssp. Chorizanthe polygonoides var.
Cilia caruifolia
crassifolia
longispina Githopsis diffusa ssp. filicaulis
Arctostaphylos otayensis Clarkia delicata
Grindelia hirsutula var. ha/Iii
Arctostaphylos peninsularis ssp. Colubrina californica
Harpagonella palmeri
peninsularis
Comarostaphylis diversifolia ssp. Hazardia orcuttii
Arctostaphylos rainbowensis
diversifolia Herissantia crispa
Artemisia palmeri Convolvulus simulans
Hesperevax caulescens
Asplenium vespertinum
Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. Heuchera brevistaminea
Astragalus crotalariae maritimus
Heuchera rubescens var. versicolor
Astragalus deanei
Cordylanthus orcuttianus Holocarpha virgata ssp. elongata
Astragalus douglasii var. perstrictus Coreopsis maritima
Hordeum intercedens
Astragalus insularis var. harwoodii
Corethrog)'ne filaginifolia var. Horkelia cuneata ssp. puberula
Astragalus lentiginosus var. incana
Horkelia truncata
borreganus
Corethrowne filaginifolia var. Horsfordia newberryi
Astragalus leucolobus
linifolia Hu/sea californica
Astragalus magdalenae var.
Cryptantha costata Hu/sea mexicana
peirsonii
Cryptantha ganderi Hu/sea vestita ssp. callicarpha
Astragalus oocarpus Cryptantha holoptera Hymenothrix wrightii
Astragalus pachypus var. jaegeri Cupressus forbesii
lpomopsis tenuifolia
Astragalus tener var. titi
Cupressus stephensonii /socoma menziesii var. decumbens
A triplex coulteri Cynanchum utahense
Iva hayesiana
Atriplex pacifica Deinandra conjugens Jug/ans californica
Atriplex parishii
Deinandra floribunda juncus acutus ssp. leopoldii
Atriplex serenana var. davidsonii Deinandra mohavensis
juncus cooperi
Ayenia compacta
Deinandra paniculata Lasthenia glabrata ssp. coulteri
Azolla mexicana
Delphinium hesperium ssp. Lathyrus splendens
Baccharis vanessae cuyamacae
Lepechinia cardiophylla
Berberis fremontii Delphinium parishii ssp.
Lepechinia ganderi
Berberis nevinii subglobosum
Lepidium flavum var. felipense

Lepidium virginicum var. robinsonii
Lessingia glandulifera var.
tomentosa
Lewisia brachycalyx
Lilium humboldtii ssp. ocellatum
Lilium parryi
Limnanthes gracilis ssp. parishii
Linanthus bellus
Linanthus floribundus ssp. ha/Iii
Linanthus orcuttii
Lotus crassifolius var. otayensis
Lotus haydonii
Lotus nuttallianus
Lupinus excubitus var. medius
Lycium californicum
Lycium parishii
Lyrocarpa coulteri var. palmeri
Machaeranthera asteroides var.
lagunensis
Machaeranthera juncea
Malacothrix incana
Malperia tenuis
Mate/ea parvifolia
Mentzelia hirsutissima
Mentzelia tridentata
Microseris douglasii var.
platycarpha
Mimulus aridus
Mimulus clevelandii
Mimulus diffusus
Mirabilis tenuiloba
Monardella hypoleuca ssp. lanata
Monardella linoides ssp. viminea
Monardella macrantha ssp. ha/Iii
Monardella nana ssp. leptosiphon
Mucronea californica
Mui/la clevelandii
Myosurus minimus ssp. apus
Nama stenocarpum
Navarretia fossalis
Navarretia peninsularis
Navarretia prostrata
Nemacaulis denudata var.
denudata
Nemacaulis denudata var. gracilis
Nolina cismontana
Nolina interrata
Ophioglossum californicum
Opuntia californica var. californica
Opuntia wigginsii
Opuntia wolfii
Orcuttia californica
Ornithostaphylos oppositifolia
Orobanche parishii ssp. brachyloba
Penstemon clevelandii var.
connatus
Penstemon thurberi
A P P E N D I X I l l : P LA N T S B Y C O U N T Y A N D I S L A N D 341
Pentachaeta aurea Arenaria paludicola Cirsium crassicaule
Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri Astragalus nuttallii var. nuttallii Convolvulus simulans
Phacelia stellaris Astragalus tener var. tener Cordylanthus palmatus
Pilostyles thurberi Carex comosa Cryptantha hooveri
Pinus torreyana ssp. torreyana Chorizanthe cuspidata var. Delphinium californicum ssp.
Piperia cooperi cuspidata interius
Piperia leptopetala Cirsium andrewsii Delphinium grpsophilum ssp.
Poa atropurpurea Cirsium occidentale var. grpsophilum
Pogogrne abramsii compactum Eriogonum umbellatum var.
Pogogrne nudiuscula Clarkia franciscana bahiiforme
Polygala cornuta var. fishiae Collinsia corymbosa Erodium macrophyllum
Proboscidea althaeifolia Collinsia multicolor Eryngium racemosum
Quercus cedrosensis Equisetum palustre Gratia/a heterosepala
Quercus dumosa Erysimum franciscanum Hesperevax caulescens
Quercus engelmannii Fritillaria liliacea Hibiscus lasiocarpus
Rhus trilobata var. simplicifolia Cilia capitata ssp. chamissonis Lasthenia ferrisiae
Ribes canthariforme Cilia millefoliata LathyrusJepson ii va r. Jepson ii
Ribes viburnifolium Grindelia hirsutula var. maritima Lilaeopsis masonii
Romneya coulteri Helianthella castanea Limosella subulata
Rorippa gambelii Hesperevax sparsiflora var. Linanthus ambiguus
Rosa minutifolia brevifolia Madia radiata
Ru bus glaucifolius var. ganderi Hesperolinon congestum Monardella candicans
Rupertia rigida Horkelia cuneata ssp. sericea Psilocarphus brevissimus var.
Salvia eremostachya Layia carnosa multiflorus
Salvia munzii Lessingia germanorum Sagittaria sanfordii
Satureja chandleri Lilium maritimum Scutellaria galericulata
Scutellaria bolanderi ssp. Linanthus grandiflorus Scutellaria lateriflora
austromontana Linanthus rosaceus Trichocoronis wrightii var. wrightii
Selaginella asprella Microseris paludosa Tropidocarpum capparideum
Selaginella eremophila Monardella undulata Tuctoria greenei
Senecio aphanactis Piperia michaelii
Senecio ganderi Plagiobothrys chorisianus var. • San Luis Obispo County
Senna covesii chorisianus TOTAL N U M B ER OF TAXA: 1 7 8
LIST 1 A : O; LIST 1 B: 99; LIST 2 :
Sibaropsis hammittii Plagiobothrys diffesus 2; LIST 3 : 1 ; LIST 4: 7 6
Spermolepis echinata Sanicula maritima
Sphaerocarpus drewei Silene verecunda ssp. verecunda Abies bracteata
Stemodia durantifolia Stellaria littoralis Abronia maritima
Streptanthus bernardinus Triphysaria floribunda Acanthomintha obovata ssp.
Streptanthus campestris Triquetrella californica cordata
Stylocline citroleum Acanthomintha obovata ssp.
Suaeda esteroa • San Joaquin County obovata
Suaeda taxifolia TOTAL N U M B E R O F TAXA: 3 7 Agrostis hooveri
Tetracoccus dioicus LIST 1 A : 1 ; LIST 1 B: 1 9; LIST 2 : Allium hickmanii
7 ; LIST 3: O ; LIST 4: 1 0 Amsinckia vernicosa var. furcata
Thermopsis californica var. semota
Triquetrella californica Amsinckia grandiflora Androsace elongata ssp. acuta
Viguiera laciniata Androsace elongata ssp. acuta Antirrhinum ovatum
Viola aurea Aster lentus Arctostaphylos cruzensis
Xylorhiza orcuttii
Astragalus tener var. tener Arctostaphylos hookeri ssp.
Atriplex cordulata hearstiorum
• San Francisco County Atriplex corona ta var. coronata Arctostaphylos hooveri
TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 38 A triplexjoaquiniana Arctostaphylos luciana
LIST 1A: 1; LIST 1 B : 27; LIST 2: Blepharizonia plumosa ssp. Arctostaphylos morroensis
2; LIST 3 : 1; LIST 4: 7 plumosa Arctostaphylos obispoensis
Arabis blepharophylla Carex comosa Arctostaphylos osoensis
Arctostaphylos hookeri ssp. Castilleja campestris ssp. Arctostaphylos pechoensis
fra nciscana succulenta Arctostaphylos pilosula
Arctostaphylos hookeri ssp. ravenii Caulanthus coulteri var. lemmonii Arctostaphylos rudis
342
Arctostaphylos tomentosa ssp.
daciticola
Arctostaphylos tomentosa ssp.
subcordata
Arctostaphylos wellsii
Arenaria paludicola
Aristocapsa insignis
Aspidotis carlotta-halliae
Astragalus didymocarpus var.
milesianus
Astragalus macrodon
Astragalus nuttallii var. nuttallii
Atriplex corona ta var. coronata
Atriplex vallicola
Baccharis plummerae ssp. glabrata
Baccharis plummerae ssp.
plummerae
Bloomeria humilis
Calandrinia breweri
Calochortus catalinae
Calochortus clavatus var. clavatus
Calochortus clavatus var.
recurvifolius
Calochortus obispoensis
Calochortus palmeri var. palmeri
Calochortus simulans
Calochortus weedii var. vestus
Calycadenia vi/losa
Calystegia subacaulis ssp.
episcopalis
Camissonia hardhamiae
Carex obispoensis
Castilleja densif/ora ssp.
obispoensis
Castilleja latifolia
Castilleja plagiotoma
Caulanthus californicus
Caulanthus coulteri var. lemmonii
Ceanothus cuneatus var.
fascicularis
Ceanothus cuneatus var. rigidus
Ceanothus hearstiorum
Ceanothus maritimus
Centromadia parryi ssp. congdonii
Chlorogalum pomeridianum var.
minus
Chlorogalum purpureum var.
reductum
Chorizanthe breweri
Chorizanthe douglasii
Chorizanthe palmeri
Chorizanthe pungens var. pungens
Chorizanthe rectispina
Chorizanthe ventricosa
Cirsium fontinale var. obispoense
Cirsium loncholepis
Cirsium occidentale var. compactum
A P P E N D I X I l l : P L A N TS B Y C O U NTY A N D I S LA N D
Cirsium rhothophilum Lasthenia lepta/ea Sanicula maritima
Clarkia speciosa ssp. immacu la ta Lasthenia macrantha ssp. Scrophularia atrata
Convolvulus simulans macrantha Senecio aphanactis
Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. Layia heterotricha Senecio blochmaniae
maritimus Layiajonesii Sidalcea hickmanii ssp. anomala
Corethrogyne leucophylla Layia munzii Sidalcea hickmanii ssp. parishii
Deinandra halliana Lepidium jaredii ssp. album Stylocline masonii
Deinandra increscens ssp. foliosa Lepidiumjaredii ssp. jaredii Suaeda californica
Delphinium californicum ssp. Leptodactylon californicum ssp. Suaeda taxifolia
interius tomentosum Systenotheca vortriedei
Delphinium gypsophilum ssp. Lessingia tenuis Trifolium depauperatum var.
gypsophilum Lilium humboldtii ssp. ocellatum hydrophilum
Delphinium gypsophilum ssp. Linanthus grandif/orus Triteleia ixioides ssp. cookii
parvif/orum Lomatium parvifolium Zigadenus micranthus var. fontanus
Delphinium parryi ssp. Lupinus cervinus
blochmaniae Lupinus ludovicianus • San Mateo County
Delphinium recurvatum Lupinus nipomensis TOTAL N U M BER OF TAXA: 73
LIST l A : O; LIST l B : 47; LIST 2:
Delphinium umbraculorum Madia radiata
l; LIST 3 : 6; LIST 4 : 1 9
Dithyrea maritima Malacothamnus davidsonii
Dudleya abramsii ssp. bettinae Malacothamnus gracilis Acanthomintha duttonii
Dudleya abramsii ssp. murina Malacothamnusjonesii Allium peninsulare var.
Dudleya blochmaniae ssp. Malacothamnus niveus franciscanum
blochmaniae Malacothamnus palmeri var. Amsinckia lunaris
Eleocharis parvula involucratus Arabis blepharophy!la
Eriastrum hooveri Malacothamnus palmeri var. Arctostaphylos andersonii
Eriastrum luteum palmeri Arctostaphylos imbricata
Erigeron blochmaniae Malacothrix incana Arctostaphylos montaraensis
Erigeron sanctarum Malacothrix phaeocarpa Arctostaphylos regismontana
Eriodictyon altissimum Microseris paludosa Astragalus nuttallii var. nutta!lii
Eriogonum gossypinum Mimulus subsecundus Astragalus pycnostachyus var.
Eriogonum nudum var. indictum Monardella antonina ssp. pycnostachyus
Eriogonum temblorense benitensis Calandrinia breweri
Erodium macrophyllum Monardella crispa Calochortus umbellatus
Eryngium aristulatum var. hooveri Monardella frutescens Chorizanthe cuspidata var.
Erysimum capitatum ssp. Monardella palmeri cuspidata
lompocense Monarde/la undulata Chorizanthe robusta var. robusta
Erysimum insulare ssp. Monolopia congdonii Cirsium andrewsii
suffrutescens Mucronea californica Cirsium fontinale var. fontinale
Eschscholzia hypecoides Collinsia multicolor
Navarretia fossalis
Eschscholzia rhombipetala Navarretiajaredii Cordylanthus maritimus ssp.
Fritillaria agrestis Navarretia nige!liformis ssp. palustris
Friti!laria ojaiensis radians Corethrogyne leucophylla
Friti!laria viridea Orobanche parishii ssp. brachyloba Cupressus abramsiana
Calium andrewsii ssp. gatense Pedicularis dudleyi Cypripedium fasciculatum
Calium cliftonsmithii Pentachaeta fragilis Cypripedium montanum
Calium hardhamiae Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri Dirca occidentalis
Cilia latif/ora ssp. cuyamensis Perideridia pringlei Elymus californicus
Cilia leptantha ssp. pinetorum Pinus radiata Equisetum palustre
Cilia tenuif/ora ssp. amplifaucalis Piperia leptopetala Eriogonum luteolum var. caninum
Crindelia hirsutula var. maritima Piperia michaelii Eriophyllum latilobum
Hesperevax caulescens Plagiobothrys chorisianus var. Erodium macrophyllum
Horkelia cuneata ssp. puberula hickmanii Erysimum ammophilum
Horkelia cuneata ssp. sericea Plagiobothrys uncinatus Erysimum franciscanum
Fritillaria agrestis
Horke/iayadonii Prunus fasciculata var. punctata
juncus acutus ssp. leopoldii Ribes sericeum Friti!laria bif/ora var. ineziana
Lasthenia ferrisiae Rorippa gambelii Friti/laria liliacea
Lasthenia glabrata ssp. coulteri Sanicula hoffmannii Crindelia hirsutula var. maritima
 APPEN D IX I l l : P L A N T S B Y C O U N T Y A N D I S LA N D 3 43

Helianthella castanea Arctostaphylos refugioensis Erysimum insulare ssp. Thermopsis californica var.
Hesperolinon congestum Arctostaphylos rudis suffrutescens argentata
Hordeum intercedens Arctostaphylos tomentosa ssp. Fritillaria agrestis Thermopsis macrophylla
Horkelia cuneata ssp. sericea eastwoodiana Fritillaria ojaiensis
• Santa Clara County
Horkelia marinensis Arctostaphylos tomentosa ssp. Calium cliftonsmithii
Lasthenia macrantha ssp. subcordata Cilia latiflora ssp. cuyamensis TOTAL N U M BER OF TAXA: 8 1
LIST 1 A : 3; LIST 1 B: 4 5 ; LIST Z :
macrantha Astragalus didymocarpus var. Cilia leptantha ssp. pinetorum Z; LIST 3 : 5; LIST 4: 26
Legenere limosa milesianus Hordeum intercedens
Acanthomintha lanceolata
Lessingia arachnoidea Astragalus nuttallii var. nuttallii Horkelia cuneata ssp. puberula
Allium peninsulare var.
Lessingia germanorum Atriplex coulteri Horkelia cuneata ssp. sericea
Lessingia hololeuca Atriplex serenana var. davidsonii franciscanum
Horkeliayadonii
Lilium maritimum Baccharis plummerae ssp. Allium sharsmithae
jug/ans californica
Limnanthes douglasii ssp. plummerae juncus acutus ssp. leopoldii Androsace elongata ssp. acuta
sulphurea Calandrinia breweri Arctostaphylos andersonii
Lasthenia conjugens
Arctostaphylos regismontana
Linanthus acicularis Calandrinia maritima Lasthenia glabrata ssp. coulteri
Astragalus tener var. tener
Linanthus ambiguus Calochortus catalinae Layia carnosa
Linanthus croceus Calochortus clavatus var. clavatus Layia heterotricha A triplexjoaquiniana
Azolla mexicana
Linanthus grandiflorus Calochortus palmeri var. palmeri Lepidium virginicum var. robinsonii
Linanthus rosaceus Calochortus simulans Leptodactylon californicum ssp. Balsamorhiza macrolepis var.
Lupinus eximius Calochortus weedii var. vestus macrolepis
tomentosum
Malacothamnus arcuatus Calystegia co/Jina ssp. venusta Lessingia tenuis Calandrinia breweri
Microseris paludosa Calystegia sepium ssp. binghamiae Lilium humboldtii ssp. ocellatum Calochortus umbellatus
Monardella undulata Camissonia kernensis ssp. Linanth us grandiflorus Calyptridium parryi var. hesseae
Monardella villosa ssp. globosa kernensis Lonicera subspicata var. subspicata Campanula exigua
Pedicularis dudleyi Caulanthus amplexicaulis var. Madia radiata Campanula sharsmithiae
Pentachaeta bellidiflora barbarae Malacothamnus niveus Castilleja affinis ssp. neglecta
Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri Caulanthus californicus Malacothrix incana Ceanothus ferrisae
Pinus radiata Caulanthus coulteri var. lemmonii Malacothrix phaeocarpa Centromadia parryi ssp. congdonii
Piperia candida Ceanothus cuneatus var. Malacothrix saxatilis var. Chorizanthe cuspidata var.
Piperia michaelii fascicularis arachnoidea cuspidata
Plagiobothrys chorisianus var. Centromadia parryi ssp. australis Malacothrix saxatilis var. saxatilis Chorizanthe robusta var. robusta
chorisianus Chorizanthe blakleyi Cirsium fontinale var. campy/on
Micropus amphibolus
Plagiobothrys chorisianus var. Chorizanthe palmeri Monardella crispa Cirsium praeteriens
hickmanii Chorizanthe rectispina Monardella frutescens Clarkia breweri
Potentil/a hickmanii Cirsium loncholepis Monardella undulata Clarkia concinna ssp. automixa
Rosa pinetorum Cirsium rhothophilum Monolopia congdonii Collinsia multicolor
Sanicula hoffmannii Convolvulus simulans Mucronea californica Cordylanthus maritimus ssp.
Sidalcea hickmanii ssp. viridis Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. Navarretia peninsularis palustris
Sidalcea malviflora ssp. purpurea maritimus Coreopsis hamiltonii
Oxytheca parishii var. abramsii
Si/ene verecunda ssp. verecunda Cordylanthus rigidus ssp. Jittoralis Pentachaeta fragilis Cypripedium fasciculatum
Trifolium depauperatum var. Deinandra increscens ssp. foliosa Perideridia pringlei Delphinium californicum ssp.
hydrophilum Deinandra increscens ssp. villosa Piperia michaelii interius
Triphysaria floribunda Delphinium parryi ssp. Polygala cornuta var. fishiae Dirca occidentalis
Zigadenus micranthus var. fontanus blochmaniae Dudleya setchellii
Prunus fasciculata var. punctata
Delphinium umbraculorum Quercus dumosa Eriastrum brandegeae
• Santa Barbara County Dichondra occidentalis Quercus parvula var. parvula Eriastrum tracyi
TOTAL N U M B ER OF TAXA: 1 09 Dithyrea maritima Ribes amarum var. hoffmannii Eriogonum argillosum
LIST l A : 1 ; LIST 1 8 : 54; LIST Z : Eriogonum luteolum var. caninum
4 ; LIST 3 : 3 ; LIST 4 : 47
Dudleya blochmaniae ssp. Rorippa gambelii
blochmaniae Sanicula hoffmannii Eriogonum umbellatum var.
Abronia maritima bahiiforme
Eriastrum hooveri Scrophularia atrata
Acanthomintha obovata ssp. Eriophyllum Jepsonii
Erigeron blochmaniae Senecio aphanactis
cordata Eryngium aristulatum var. hooveri
Erigeron sanctarum Senecio blochmaniae
Agrostis hooveri Erysimum franciscanum
Eriodictyon capitatum Sidalcea hickmanii ssp. parishii
Allium howellii var. clokeyi
Eriophyllum lanatum var. ha/Iii Fritillaria falcata
Sidalcea neomexicana
Antirrhinum ovatum Fritillaria liliacea
Erodium macrophyllum Suaeda esteroa
Aphanisma blitoides
Erysimum capitatum ssp. Suaeda taxifolia Calium andrewsii ssp. gatense
Arctostaphylos purissima Hoita strobilina
lompocense Thelypteris puberula var. sonorensis
344 A P P E N D I X I l l : P LA N TS B Y C O U NTY A N O I S LA N D

lsocoma menziesii var. diabolica Arenaria paludicola Sanicula hoffmannii Erigeron petrophilus var. viscidulus
Lasthenia conjugens Calandrinia breweri Sida/cea malachroides Eriogonum congdonii
LathyrusJepsonii var. Jepsonii Calochortus umbellatus Silene verecunda ssp. verecunda Eriogonum libertini
Lessingia hololeuca Calyptridium parryi var. hesseae Stebbinsoseris decipiens Eriogonum pyrolifolium var.
Lessingia micradenia var. glabrata Campanula californica Trifolium buckwestiorum pyrolifolium
Linanthus ambiguus Carex comosa Zigadenus micranthus var. fontanus Erythronium klamathense
Linan thus grandiflorus Carex saliniformis Fritillaria eastwoodiae
Lomatium observatorium Castilleja latifolia • Shasta County Gratiola heterosepala
Malacothamnus arcuatus Ceanothus cuneatus var. rigidus TOTAL N U M BER OF TAXA: T 2 3
Hackelia cusickii
LIST T A : O ; LIST T B : 3 4 ; LIST 2 :
Malacothamnus ha/Iii Centromadia parryi ssp. congdonii 24; LIST 3 : 6 ; LIST 4: 5 9
Harmonia stebbinsii
Malacothrix phaeocarpa Chorizanthe pungens var. Helianthus exilis
Ageratina shastensis
Meconella oregana hamvegiana Hierochloe odorata
Agrostis hendersonii
Micropus amphibolus Chorizanthe pungens var. pungens Hu/sea nana
Allium hoffmanii
Microseris sylvatica Chorizanthe robusta var. hamvegii Hymenoxys lemmonii
Allium sanbornii var. sanbornii
Monardella antonina ssp. antonina Chorizanthe robusta var. robusta !liamna bakeri
Amsinckia lunaris
Navarretia cotulifolia Collinsia multicolor lvesia longibracteata
Anisocarpus scabridus
Penstemon rattanii var. kleei CorethroJ!lne leucophylla juncus hemiendytus var. abjectus
Arctostaphylos klamathensis
Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri Cupressus abramsiana juncus leiospermus var. leiospermus
Arctostaphylos malloryi
Phacelia phacelioides Cypripedium fasciculatum Lathyrus sulphureus var. argillaceus
Amica venosa
Piperia leptopetala Cypripedium montanum Legenere limosa
Asclepias solanoana
Piperia michaelii Elymus californicus Lewisia cantelovii
Asplenium septentrionale
Plagiobothrys chorisianus var. Eriogonum nudum var. decurrens Lewisia cotyledon var. howellii
Astragalus inversus
hickmanii Erysimum ammophilum Lilium rubescens
Astragalus pauperculus
Plagiobothrys glaber Erysimum franciscanum Limnanthes floccosa ssp.
Astragalus pulsiferae var. suksdorfii
Plagiobothrys myosotoides Erysimum teretifolium bellingeriana
Calochortus longebarbatus var.
Plagiobothrys uncinatus Fissidens pauperculus Limnanthes floccosa ssp. floccosa
longebarbatus
Potamogeton filiformis Fritillaria agrestis Linanthus latisectus
Calochortus syntrophus
Psilocarphus brevissimus var. Grindelia hirsutula var. maritima Lomatium tracyi
Calystegia atriplicifolia ssp.
multiflorus Hesperevax sparsiflora var. Lupinus croceus var. pilosellus
buttensis
Ranunculus lobbii brevifolia Mielichhoferia tehamensis
Campanula scabrella
Sanicula saxatilis Hoita strobilina Mimulus glaucescens
Campanula shetleri
Senecio aphanactis Holocarpha macradenia Minuartia rosei
Cardamine bellidifolia var.
Sidalcea malachroides Horkelia cuneata ssp. sericea Muhlenbergia jonesii
pachyphylla
Streptanthus albidus ssp. albidus Horkelia marinensis Navarretia heterandra
Carex buxbaumii
Streptanthus albidus ssp. Lilium rubescens Navarretia subuligera
Carex comosa
peramoenus Linanthus ambiguus Neviusia cliftonii
Carex inops ssp. inops
Streptanthus callistus Linanthus grandiflorus Orcuttia tenuis
Carex scoparia
Suaeda californica Lomatium parvifolium Paronychia ahartii
Carex vulpinoidea
Trifolium amoenum Malacothamnus arcuatus Penstemon filiformis
Clarkia borealis ssp. arida
Trifolium depauperatum var. Micropus amphibolus Penstemon heterodoxus var.
Clarkia borealis ssp. borealis
hydrophilum Microseris paludosa shastensis
Collomia diversifolia
Tropidocarpum capparideum Mielichhoferia elongata Phacelia dalesiana
Collomia larsenii
Mimulus rattanii ssp. decurtatus Phlox muscoides
• Santa Cruz County Cryptantha crinita
Monardella undulata Picea engelmannii
TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 69 Cupressus bakeri
Pedicularis dudleyi Piperia colemanii
LIST T A : O; LIST T B : 40; LIST 2 : Cypripedium californicum
Penstemon rattanii var. kleei Piperia leptopetala
4 ; LIST 3 : 3; LIST 4: 22 Cypripedium fasciculatum
Pentachaeta bellidiflora Pogol)'ne floribunda
Agrostis blasdalei Cypripedium montanum
Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri Polygonum bidwelliae
Amsinckia lunaris Oarlingtonia californica
Pinus radiata Polystichum kruckebergii
Anomobryum filiforme Draba aureola
Piperia candida Potamogeton praelongus
Arabis blepharophylla Draba howellii
Piperia michaelii Potamogeton zosteriformis
Arctostaphylos andersonii Drosera anglica
Plagiobothrys chorisianus var. Puccinellia howellii
Arctostaphylos glutinosa Eleocharis quadrangulata
chorisianus Rhynchospora capitellata
Arctostaphylos hookeri ssp. hookeri Plagiobothrys chorisianus var.
Epilobium oreganum
Ribes roezlii var. amictum
Arctostaphylos pajaroensis Ericameria ophitidis
hickmanii Sagittaria sanfordii
Arctostaphylos regismontana Erigeron elegantulus
Plagiobothrys diffusus Scirpus subterminalis
Arctostaphylos silvicola Erigeron inornatus var. calidipetris
Polygonum hickmanii Scutellaria galericulata
 A P P E N D I X I l l : P L A N TS BY C O U N T Y A N D I S L A N D 345

Sedum laxum ssp. flavidum Eriogonum umbellatum var. Amica viscosa Erigeron cervinus
Sedum paradisum torreyanum Asarum marmoratum Erigeron elegantulus
Silene campanulata ssp. lvesia aperta var. aperta Astragalus inversus Erigeron inornatus var. calidipetris
campanulata lvesia aperta var. canina Balsamorhiza hookeri var. lanata Erigeron petrophilus var. viscidulus
Silene occidentalis ssp. lvesia sericoleuca Balsamorhiza sericea Eriogonum alpinum
longistipitata lvesia webberi Betula pumila var. glandulifera Eriogonum congdonii
Silene suksdorfii juncus hemiendytus var. abjectus Botrychium pinnatum Eriogonum diclinum
Smelowskia ova/is var. congesta Lewisia cantelovii Botrychium virginianum Eriogonum hirtellum
Smilaxjamesii Lewisia kelloggii ssp. hutchisonii Calochortus greenei Eriogonum libertini
Sparganium natans Lupinus dalesiae Calochortus longebarbatus var. Eriogonum pyrolifolium var.
Stachys palustris ssp. pilosa Lupinus nevadensis longebarbatus pyrolifolium
Stellaria longifolia Penstemon personatus Calochortus monanthus Eriogonum siskiyouense
Stellaria obtusa Polyctenium fremontii var. Calochortus persistens Eriogonum strictum var. greenei
Streptanthus drepanoides fremontii Campanula scabrella Eriogonum ternatum
Thelypodium brachycarpum Polygonum polygaloides ssp. Campanula shetleri Eriogonum urnbellaturn var.
Thelypodium howellii ssp. howellii esotericum Campanula wilkinsiana bahiiforrne
Thermopsis californica var. Polystichum kruckebergii Cardamine bellidifolia var. Eriogonum urnbellaturn var.
argentata Potamogeton filiformis pachyphylla glaberrirnum
Thermopsis gracilis var. gracilis Potamogeton praelongus Carex buxbaumii Eriogonum urnbellaturn var.
Trichodon cylindricus Potamogeton robbinsii Carex geyeri hurnistratum
Trifolium andersonii var. andersonii Pyrola chlorantha Carexgigas Erythronium citrinurn var. citrinum
Trillium ovatum ssp. oettingeri Pyrrocoma lucida Carex halliana Erythronium hendersonii
Trimorpha acris var. debilis Scheuchzeria palustris var. Carex inops ssp. inops Erythronium klarnathense
Triteleia crocea var. crocea americana Carex limosa Erythronium revoluturn
Triteleia crocea var. modesta Stellaria obtusa Carex vulpinoidea Fissidens aphelotaxifolius
Tuctoria greenei Thelypodium milleflorum Castilleja hispida ssp. brevilobata Galiurn oreganurn
Utricularia minor Trifolium andersonii var. andersonii Castilleja miniata ssp. elata Galiurn serpenticum ssp. scotticurn
Veratrum insolitum Trifolium l')'mnocarpon var. Castilleja schizotricha Gentiana plurisetosa
Viburnum ellipticum plummerae Chaenactis douglasii var. alpina Geurn aleppicum
Trifolium lemmonii Chaenactis suffrutescens Gratia/a heterosepala
• Sierra County Utricularia minor Cirsium ciliolatum Hackelia cusickii
TOTAL N U M B E R O F TAXA: 52 Vaccinium coccineum Claytonia palustris Helianthus exilis
LIST lA: 1; LIST 1 B: 1 5; LIST 2:
1 3; LIST 3 : 2; LIST 4: 2 1
Veronica cusickii Claytonia umbellata Hierochloe odorata
Viola aurea Collomia larsenii Horkelia hendersonii
Arabis constancei
Viola tomentosa Collomia tracyi Hu/sea nana
Asplenium trichomanes-ramosum
Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. pallescens Hyrnenoxys lernmonii
Astragalus agrestis • Siskiyou County Cupressus bakeri lliarnna bakeri
Astragalus lemmonii TOTAL N U M BER OF TAXA: 223 Cupressus nootkatensis lliarnna latibracteata
Astragalus pulsiferae var. pulsiferae LIST l A : 1; LIST 1 B : 47; LIST 2 :
63; LIST 3 : 7; LIST 4: 1 05
Cypripedium californicum Iris tenax ssp. klarnathensis
Astragalus webberi
Cypripedium fasciculatum lvesia pickeringii
Astragalus whitneyi var. lenophyllus Abies amabilis
Cypripedium montanum juncus dudleyi
Botrychium lunaria Abies lasiocarpa var. lasiocarpa
Darlingtonia califi;rnica juncus regelii
Bulbostylis capillaris Alisma gramineum
Delphinium uliginosum Lathyrus delnorticus
Camissonia tanacetifolia ssp. Allium siskiyouense
Deschampsia atropurpurea Lewisia cotyledon var. heckneri
quadriperforata Amsinckia lunaris
Dicentra formosa ssp. oregana Lewisia cotyledon var. howellii
Carex geyeri Androsace elongata ssp. acuta
Dimeresia howellii Liliurn bolanderi
Carex vallicola Androsace filiformis
Draba aureola Liliurn pardalinurn ssp. vollrneri
Clarkia mildrediae ssp. lutescens Arabis aculeolata
Draba carnosula Liliurn pardalinurn ssp. wigginsii
Cryptantha glomeriflora Arabis koehleri var. stipitata
Draba howellii Liliurn rubescens
Cypripedium fasciculatum Arabis macdonaldiana
Draba pterosperma Liliurn washingtonianum ssp.
Cypripedium montanum Arabis modesta
Drosera anglica purpurascens
Darlingtonia californica Arabis oregana
Eleocharis parvula Lirnnanthes floccosa ssp. floccosa
Drosera anglica Arabis rigidissima var. rigidissima
Epilobium luteum Listera cordata
Epilobium howellii Arctostaphylos klamathensis
Epilobium oreganum Lornatium engelrnannii
Erigeron nevadincola Amica cernua
Epilobium rigidum Lornatiurn howellii
Erigeron petrophilus var. sierrensis Amica fulgens
Epilobium siskiyouense Lornatiurn martindalei
Eriogonum baileyi var. praebens Amica spathulata
Erigeron bloomeri var. nudatus Lornatium peckianurn
346 APPENDIX Ill: P LA N T S BY C O U NTY A N D I S LA N D

Lomatium tracyi Potentilla newberryi Atriplex coronata var. coronata • Sonoma County
Lupinus croceus var. pilose/lus Pyrrocoma racemosa var. A triplex depressa TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 1 5 6
Lupinus lapidicola pinetorum A triplexjoaquiniana LIST T A : Z; LIST 1 B: 92; LIST Z :
Lupinus tracyi Raillardella pringlei Atriplex persistens 1 1 ; LIST 3 : 8; LIST 4: 43

Meesia triquetra Ribes hudsonianum var. petiolare Balsamorhiza macrolepis var. Abronia umbellata ssp. breviflora
Meesia uliginosa Ribes marshallii macrolepis Agrostis blasdalei
Mertensia be/la Rorippa columbiae Blepharizonia plumosa ssp. Allium peninsulare var.
Mimulus evanescens Rubus nivalis plumosa franciscanum
Mimulus pygmaeus Salix bebbiana Calochortus pulchellus Alopecurus aequalis var.
Minuartia howellii Salix delnortensis Ceanothus purpureus sonomensis
Minuartia stolonifera Salvia dorrii var. incana Centromadia parryi ssp. congdonii Amorpha californica var. napensis
Mirabilis greenei Saussurea americana Cirsium hydrophilum var. Amsinckia lunaris
Mite/la caulescens Saxifraga cespitosa hydrophilum Antirrhinum virga
Moneses uniflora Saxifraga howellii Cordylanthus mollis ssp. hispidus Arabis blepharophylla
Muhlenbergiajonesii Saxifraga rufidula Cordylanthus mollis ssp. mollis Arctostaphylos bakeri ssp. bakeri
Navarretia cotulifolia Scirpus pendulus Delphinium recurvatum Arctostaphylos bakeri ssp. sublaevis
Ophioglossum pusillum Scutellaria galericulata Downingia pusilla Arctostaphylos canescens ssp.
Opuntia fragilis Sedum divergens Erigeron biolettii sonomensis
Orcuttia tenuis Sedum laxum ssp. flavidum Eriogonum truncatum Arctostaphylos densiflora
Orthocarpus cuspidatus ssp. Sedum laxum ssp. heckneri Erodium macrophyllum Arctostaphylos hispidula
cuspidatus Sedum oblanceolatum Fritillaria liliacea Arctostaphylos manzanita ssp.
Orthocarpus pachystachyus Selaginella densa var. scopulorum Fritillaria pluriflora elegans
Oryzopsis exigua Senecio hydrophiloides Gratia/a heterosepala Arctostaphylos stanfordiana ssp.
Pedicularis bracteosa var. flavida Senecio macounii Hesperevax caulescens decumbens
Pedicularis contorta Silene marmorensis Hesperolinon breweri Asclepias solanoana
Pedicularis howellii Silene suksdorfii Hibiscus lasiocarpus Astragalus breweri
Penstemon cinereus Smilaxjamesii /socoma arguta Astragalus clarianus
Penstemon cinicola Stachys palustris ssp. pilosa jug/ans hindsii Astragalus rattanii var. rattanii
Penstemon filiformis Tauschia howellii Lasthenia conjugens Astragalus tener var. tener
Penstemon heterodoxus var. Thelypodium brachycarpum Lasthenia ferrisiae Balsamorhiza macrolepis var.
shastensis Thermopsis californica var. LathyrusJepsonii va r. Jepsonii macrolepis
Perideridia leptocarpa argentata Legenere limosa Blennosperma bakeri
Phacelia cookei Thermopsis gracilis var. gracilis Lepidium latipes var. heckardii Brodiaea californica var. leptandra
Phacelia dalesiana Thermopsis robusta Lessingia hololeuca Calamagrostis bolanderi
Phacelia greenei Tonestus !ya/Iii Lilaeopsis masonii Calamagrostis crassiglumis
Phacelia leonis Trifolium howellii Limosella subulata Calamagrostis ophitidis
Phacelia sericea var. ciliosa Trillium ovatum ssp. oettingeri Lomatium repostum Calandrinia breweri
Phlox hirsuta Trimorpha acris var. debilis Micropus amphibolus Calochortus raichei
Phlox muscoides Triteleia crocea var. crocea Microseris sylvatica Calyptridium quadripetalum
Picea engelmannii Triteleia crocea var. modesta Monardella viridis ssp. viridis Calystegia collina ssp. oxyphylla
Pinguicula vulgaris ssp. macroceras Triteleia grandiflora ssp. howellii Myosurus minimus ssp. apus Calystegia purpurata ssp. saxicola
Piperia candida Triteleia hendersonii var. Navarretia cotulifolia Campanula californica
Piperia colemanii hendersonii Navarretia leucocephala ssp. bakeri Cardamine pachystigma var.
Piperia leptopetala Vaccinium coccineum Neostapfia colusana dissectifolia
Pityopus californicus Vaccinium scoparium Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri Carex albida
Platanthera stricta Vancouveria chrysantha Plagiobothrys hystriculus Carex buxbaumii
Poa piperi Veratrum insolitum Polygonum marinense Carex californica
Poa rhizomata Veronica copelandii Psilocarphus brevissimus var. Carex comosa
Pogogyne floribunda multiflorus Carex saliniformis
Pohlia tundrae • Solano County Ranunculus lobbii Castilleja uliginosa
Polemonium chartaceum TOTAL N U M B E R O F TAXA: 56 Ribes victoris Ceanothus confusus
LIST lA: O; LIST 1 B: 32; LIST 2 :
Polyctenium fremontii var. Senecio aphanactis Ceanothus divergens
5 ; LIST 3 : 5 ; LIST 4 : 1 2
fremontii Trifolium amoenum Ceanothus foliosus var. vineatus
Aster lentus Ceanothus gloriosus var. exaltatus
Polystichum kruckebergii Trifolium depauperatum var.
Astragalus tener var. ferrisiae Ceanothus gloriosus var. gloriosus
Polystichum lonchitis hydrophilum
Astragalus tener var. tener Triteleia lugens Ceanothus purpureus
Potamogeton robbinsii
Atriplex cordulata Tuctoria mucronata Ceanothus sonomensis
Potentilla cristae

Chlorogalum pomeridianum var.
minus
Chorizanthe cuspidata var.
cuspidata
Chorizanthe cuspidata var. villosa
Chorizanthe valida
Cirsium andrewsii
Clarkia imbricata
Collinsia corymbosa
Cordylanthus maritimus ssp.
palustris
Cordylanthus mollis ssp. mollis
Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. brunneus
Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. capillaris
Cryptantha clevelandii var. dissita
Cupressus goveniana ssp. pigmaea
Cypripedium californicum
Cypripedium montanum
Delphinium bakeri
Delphinium luteum
Dichanthelium lanuginosum var.
thermale
Dirca occidentalis
Downingia pusi/la
Eleocharis parvula
Elymus californicus
Erigeron angustatus
Erigeron biolettii
Erigeron serpentinus
Erigeron supp/ex
Eriogonum luteolum var. caninum
Eriogonum nervulosum
Eriogonum ternatum
£radium macrophyllum
Eryngium constancei
Erysimum franciscanum
Erythronium helenae
Erythronium revolutum
Fritillaria liliacea
Cilia capitata ssp. chamissonis
Cilia capitata ssp. tomentosa
Cilia millefoliata
Harmonia nutans
Helianthus exilis
Hemizonia congesta ssp.
leucocephala
Hesperevax sparsiflora var.
brevifolia
Hesperolinon bicarpellatum
Horkelia tenuiloba
Lasthenia burkei
Lasthenia macrantha ssp. bakeri
Lasthenia macrantha ssp.
macrantha
Layia septentrionalis
Legenere limosa
Lessingia arachnoidea
A P P E N D I X I l l : P L A N TS B Y C O U NTY A N D I S LA N D 347
Lessingia hololeuca Streptanthus morrisonii ssp. Hesperevax caulescens
Lilium maritimum kruckebergii Hesperolinon serpentinum
Lilium parda/inum ssp. pitkinense Streptanthus morrisonii ssp. jepsonia heterandra
Lilium rubescens morrisonii Lasthenia ferrisiae
Limnanthes vinculans Tracyina rostrata Legenere limosa
Linanthus acicularis Trifolium amoenum Linanthus ambiguus
Linanthus grandiflorus Trifo/ium buckwestiorum Lomatium observatorium
LinanthusJepsonii Trifolium depauperatum var. Lotus rubriflorus
Linanthus latisectus hydrophilum Malacothamnus ha/Iii
Linanthus rosaceus Triteleia lugens Microseris sylvatica
Lomatium repostum Veratrum fimbriatum Monardella candicans
Lupinus eximius Viburnum ellipticum Monardella leucocephala
Lupinus sericatus Zigadenus micranthus var. fontanus Myosurus minimus ssp. apus
Lupinus tidestromii Neostapfia colusana
Micropus amphibolus • Stanislaus County Ophioglossum californicum
TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 5 7
Microseris paludosa Orcuttia inaequalis
LIST 1 A: 1; LIST 1 B: 32; LIST 2 :
Monardella undulata Orcuttia pilosa
2; LIST 3 : 1 ; LIST 4 : 2 1
Monardella villosa ssp. globosa Phacelia phacelioides
Acanthomintha lanceolata
Monardella viridis ssp. viridis Piperia michaelii
Allium sharsmithae
Navarretia cotulifolia Pseudobahia bahiifolia
Astragalus tener var. tener
Navarretia leucocephala ssp. bakeri Psilocarphus brevissimus var.
Atriplex cordulata
Navarretia leucocephala ssp. multiflorus
Atriplex coronata var. coronata Tuctoria greenei
plieantha
A triplex depressa
Orobanche valida ssp. howellii
A triplex persistens • Sutter County
Penstemon newberryi var.
Blepharizonia plumosa ssp. plumosa TOTAL NUMBER OF TAXA: 9
sonomensis
Bolandra californica LIST T A : O; LIST 1 B: 4; LIST 2: 2;
Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri UST 3: O; UST 4: 3
Calochortus umbellatus
Piperia candida
Calycadenia hooveri Astragalus tener var. ferrisiae
Piperia leptopetala
Campanula exigua Hesperevax caulescens
Pityopus ca/ifornicus
Campanula sharsmithiae Hibiscus lasiocarpus
Plagiobothrys mollis var. vestitus
Castilleja campestris ssp. Layia septentrionalis
Pleuropogon hooverianus
succulenta Microseris sylvatica
Polygonum marinense
Caulanthus coulteri var. lemmonii Monardella douglasii ssp. venosa
Potentilla hickmanii
Chamaesyce hooveri Navarretia cotulifolia
Ranunculus lobbii
Cirsium fontinale var. campy/on Pseudobahia bahiifolia
Rhynchospora alba
Clarkia breweri Trichocoronis wrightii var. wrightii
Rhynchospora californica
Clarkia rostrata
Rhynchospora capitellata • Tehama County
Collomia diversifolia
Rhynchospora globularis var. TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 1 05
Convolvulus simulans
globularis UST 1 A : O; UST 1 B: 3 6; UST 2:
Coreopsis hamiltonii
Ribes victoris 1 5; LIST 3 : 5; LIST 4: 49
Cryptantha hooveri
Sidalcea calycosa ssp. rhizomata Achnatherum lemmonii var.
Cryptantha mariposae
Sidalcea hickmanii ssp. viridis pubescens
Delphinium gypsophilum ssp.
Sidalcea malachroides Agrostis hendersonii
g)lpsophilum
Sidalcea malviflora ssp. purpurea Allium hoffmanii
Downingia pusilla
Sidalcea oregano ssp. valida Allium sanbornii var. sanbornii
Eriogonum umbellatum var.
Stellaria littoralis Androsace elongata ssp. acuta
bahiiforme
Streptanthus barbiger Anisocarpus scabridus
Eriophyllum jepsonii
Streptanthus brachiatus ssp. Antirrhinum subcordatum
£radium macrophyllum
brachiatus Arctostaphylos canescens ssp.
Eryngium racemosum
Streptanthus brachiatus ssp. sonomensis
Eryngium spinosepalum
hoffmanii Asclepias solanoana
Eschscholzia rhombipetala
Streptanthus glandulosus var. Asplenium septentrionale
Fritillaria agrestis
hoffmanii Astragalus clevelandii
Fritillaria falcata
Streptanthus morrisonii ssp. elatus Astragalus pauperculus
Cithopsis pulchella ssp.
Streptanthus morrisonii ssp. Astragalus rattanii var. jepsonianus
serpentinicola
hirtiflorus
 348
Astragalus rattanii var. rattanii
Balsamorhiza macrolepis var.
macrolepis
Betula pumila var. glandulifera
Botrychium ascendens
Botrychium crenulatum
Botrychium minganense
Botrychium montanum
Brodiaea coronaria ssp. rosea
Bruchia bolanderi
Bulbostylis capillaris
Calyptridium quadripetalum
Calystegia atriplicifolia ssp.
buttensis
Campanula wilkinsiana
Cardamine pachystigma var.
dissectifolia
Carex buxbaumii
Carex vulpinoidea
Chamaesyce hooveri
Chamaesyce ocellata ssp. rattanii
Chlorogalum pomeridianum var.
minus
Clarkia gracilis ssp. albicaulis
Clarkia gracilis ssp. tracyi
Claytonia palustris
Collomia tracyi
Cryptantha crinita
Cupressus bakeri
Cypripedium fasciculatum
Cypripedium montanum
Oowningia pusilla
Eleocharis quadrangulata
Epilobium oreganum
Eriastrum brandegeae
Eriastrum tracyi
Ericameria ophitidis
Erigeron elegantulus
Eriogonum libertini
Eriogonum strictum var. greenei
Eriogonum ternatum
Eriogonum tripodum
Erodium macrophyllum
Fritillaria eastwoodiae
Fritillaria pluriflora
Fritillaria purdyi
Cilia sinistra ssp. pinnatisecta
Gratia/a heterosepala
Hackelia amethystina
Harmonia stebbinsii
Helianthus exilis
Hesperevax caulescens
Hesperolinon tehamense
!liamna bakeri
juncus leiospermus var. leiospermus
Lathyrus sulphureus var. argillaceus
Layia septentrionalis
APPEN D IX I l l : P L A N T S B Y C O U N T Y A N D I S LA N D
Legenere limosa Amica venosa lvesia pickeringii
Lilium humboldtii ssp. humboldtii Amica viscosa juncus dudleyi
Limnanthes floccosa ssp. floccosa Asclepias solanoana juncus regelii
Linanthus latisectus Astragalus rattanii var. rattanii Lewisia cotyledon var. heckneri
Linanthus nuttallii ssp. howellii Atractylocarpus flagellaceus Lewisia cotyledon var. howellii
Linanthus rattanii Balsamorhiza sericea Lewisia stebbinsii
Lomatium tracyi Calyptridium quadripetalum Lilium pardalinum ssp. vollmeri
Lotus rubriflorus Campanula scabrella Lilium rubescens
Lupinus antoninus Campanula wilkinsiana Lilium washingtonianum ssp.
Malacothamnus helleri Carex geyeri purpurascens
Microseris sylvatica Carexgigas Limnanthes floccosa ssp. floccosa
Mielichhoferia tehamensis Carex hystericina Linanthus latisectus
Mimulus glaucescens Carex lepta/ea Lomatium engelmannii
Minuartia rosei Carex vulpinoidea Lomatium tracyi
Mirabilis greenei Chaenactis suffrutescens Lotusyollabolliensis
Mite/la caulescens Clarkia borealis ssp. borealis Lupinus antoninus
Navarretia heterandra Clarkia gracilis ssp. tracyi Lupinus constancei
NavarretiaJepsonii Collomia tracyi Lupinus croceus var. pilosellus
Navarretia leucocephala ssp. bakeri Cypripedium califomicum Lupinus elmeri
Navarretia subuligera Cypripedium fasciculatum Lupinus lapidicola
Orcuttia pilosa Cypripedium montanum Lupinus tracyi
Orcuttia tenuis Oarlingtonia califomica Mielichhoferia elongata
Oreostemma elatum Deschampsia atropurpurea Minuartia decumbens
Orobanche valida ssp. howellii Draba aureola Minuartia rosei
Paronychia ahartii Draba carnosula Mantia howellii
Polygonum bidwelliae Oraba howellii Muhlenbergia jonesii
Rhynchospora capitellata Epilobium nivium Navarretia heterandra
Rupertia ha/Iii Epilobium oreganum Oenothera wolfii
Sagittaria sanfordii Epilobium septentrionale Pedicularis bracteosa var. flavida
Scirpus heterochaetus Epilobium siskiyouense Pedicularis contorta
Scirpus subterminalis Eriastrum tracyi Penstemon filiformis
Sedum laxum ssp. flavidum Ericameria ophitidis Penstemon tracyi
Silene campanulata ssp. Erigeron cervinus Phacelia dalesiana
campanulata Erigeron decumbens var. robustior Phacelia leonis
Silene occidentalis ssp. Erigeron petrophilus var. viscidulus Picea engelmannii
longistipitata Eriogonum alpinum Piperia candida
Stellaria obtusa Eriogonum congdonii Platanthera stricta
Streptanthus barbiger Eriogonum diclinum Paa rhizomata
Streptanthus drepanoides Eriogonum libertini Polemonium chartaceum
Tuctoria greenei Eriogonum siskiyouense Polystichum lonchitis
Utricularia minor Eriogonum strictum var. greenei Potentilla cristae
Eriogonum umbellatum var. Pyrrocoma racemosa var.
• Trinity County humistratum pinetorum
TOTAL N U M B E R O F TAXA: 1 3 1 Erythronium citrinum var. citrinum Raillardella pringlei
LIST T A : O; LIST 1 B : 3 5; LIST 2 :
Erythronium citrinum var. Rhynchospora alba
1 4; LIST 3 : 3; LIST 4: 7 9
roderickii Rhynchospora capitellata
Allium hoffmanii
Fritillaria purdyi Ribes roezlii var. amictum
Allium siskiyouense
Calium serpenticum ssp. scotticum Sanicula tracyi
Anisocarpus scabridus
Centiana plurisetosa Sedum laxum ssp. flavidum
Arabis macdonaldiana
Cilia sinistra ssp. pinnatisecta Sedum laxum ssp. heckneri
Arabis modesta
Hackelia amethystina Sedum paradisum
Arabis oregana
Harmonia doris-nilesiae Senecio clevelandii var. clevelandii
Arabis rigidissima var. rigidissima
Harmonia stebbinsii Silene campanulata ssp.
Arctostaphylos klamathensis
Helianthus exilis campanulata
Arctostaphylos malloryi
Hemizonia congesta ssp. tracyi Smilaxjamesii
Amica cemua
Hu/sea nana Streptanthus drepanoides
Amica spathulata
!liamna bakeri Swertia umpquaensis
 APPENDIX Ill: P LA N TS BY C O U N T Y A N D I S LA N D 349

Tauschia glauca Cordylanthus rigidus ssp. Mimulus laciniatus Allium sanbornii var. congdonii
Thelypodium brachycarpum brevibracteatus Mimulus norrisii Allium tribracteatum
Thermopsis gracilis var. gracilis Cryptantha glomeriflora Mimulus pictus Allium tuolumnense
Tiarella trifoliata var. trifoliata Cryptantha incana Monardella beneolens Alliumyosemitense
Tonestus !ya/Iii Cupressus arizonica ssp. nevadensis Monardella candicans Antennaria pulchella
Trillium ovatum ssp. oettingeri Delphinium hansenii ssp. Monardella linoides ssp. oblonga Arctostaphylos nissenana
Triteleia crocea var. crocea ewanianum Monolopia congdonii Astragalus kentrophyta var. danaus
Triteleia crocea var. modesta Delphinium inopinum Mui/la coronata Bolandra californica
Veratrum insolitum Delphinium purpusii Myosurus minimus ssp. apus Botrychium lunaria
Veronica copelandii Delphinium recurvatum Myurella julacea Brodiaea pa/Iida
Wyethia longicaulis Dicentra nevadensis Navarretia setiloba Bruchia bolanderi
Draba cruciata Nemacladus twisselmannii Bulbostylis capillaris
• Tulare County Draba sharsmithii Nemophila parviflora var. quercifolia Camissonia sierrae ssp. sierrae
TOTAL N U M BER O F TAXA: 1 43 Dudleya calcicola Orcuttia inaequalis Carex buxbaumii
LIST l A : O; LIST 1 B: 70; LIST 2 :
Dudleya rymosa ssp. costafolia Oreonana purpurascens Carex congdonii
1 5; LIST 3 : 4; LIST 4 : 54
Eriastrum hooveri Orthotrichum shevockii Carex davyi
Abronia alpina
Erigeron aequifolius Oxytheca caryophylloides Carex incurviformis var. danaensis
Angelica cal/ii Carex limosa
Erigeron inornatus var. keilii Perideridia pringlei
Antennaria pulchella Erigeron multiceps Petradoria pumila ssp. pumila Carex praticola
Arabis bodiensis Eriogonum breedlovei var. shevockii Petrophyton caespitosum ssp. Carex tahoensis
Arabis dispar Eriogonum nudum var. murinum acuminatum Carex tompkinsii
Arabis pygmaea Eriogonum polypodum Phacelia exilis Ceanothus fresnensis
Arabis repanda var. greenei Eriogonum twisselmannii Phacelia nashiana Chaenactis douglasii var. alpina
Asplenium septentrionale Eriogonum wrightii var. olanchense Phacelia novenmillensis Chlorogalum grandiflorum
Astragalus lentiginosus var. Eriophyllum lanatum var. obovatum Phacelia orogenes C!arkia australis
kernensis Eryngium spinosepalum Phlox dispersa C!arkia biloba ssp. australis
Astragalus shevockii Erythronium pusaterii Piperia colemanii C!arkia rostrata
Astragalus subvestitus Fritillaria brandegei Piperia leptopetala C!arkia virgata
Atriplex cordulata Fritillaria pinetorum Piperia michaelii C!aytonia megarhiza
Atriplex depressa Fritillaria striata Pityopus californicus Cryptantha crymophila
Atriplex erecticaulis Cilia interior Plagiobothrys myosotoides Cryptantha glomeriflora
A triplexjoaquiniana Githopsis tenella Paa lettermanii Cryptantha mariposae
Atriplex minuscula Goodmania luteola Pohlia tundrae Cypripedium montanum
A triplex persistens Hackelia sharsmithii Pseudobahia peirsonii Didymodon norrisii
Atriplex subtilis Horkelia tularensis Ribes menziesii var. ixoderme Draba asterophora var.
Azolla mexicana Hu/sea brevifolia Ribes tularense asterophora
Botrychium crenulatum Hu/sea vestita ssp. pygmaea Selaginella asprella Draba praealta
Brodiaea insignis Iris munzii Sidalcea keckii Eriogonum microthecum var.
Bruchia bolanderi Silene aperta alpinum
lvesia campestris
Calochortus striatus Sphenopholis obtusata Eriogonum tripodum
jamesia americana var. rosea
Calochortus westonii jensiayosemitana Streptanthus farnsworthianus Eriophyllum nubigenum
Calystegia malacophylla var. berryi juncus hemiendytus var. abjectus Streptanthus gracilis Eryngium pinnatisectum
Carex arcta Trichostema ovatum Eryngium spinosepalum
juncus nodosus
Carex buxbaumii Trifolium dedeckerae Erythronium taylorii
Lasthenia ferrisiae
Carex congdonii Lasthenia glabrata ssp. coulteri Triglochin palustris Erythronium tuolumnense
Carex incurviformis var. danaensis Lewisia disepala Tuctoria greenei Festuca minutiflora
Carlquistia muirii Utricularia intermedia Fritillaria agrestis
Linanthus oblanceolatus
Caulanthus californicus Linanthus serrulatus Utricularia minor Githopsis pulchella ssp.
Ceanothus fresnensis Lotus oblongifolius var. cupreus Viola pinetorum ssp. grisea serpentinicola
Ceanothus pinetorum Lupinus lepidus var. culbertsonii Wyethia elata Helianthemum suffrutescens
Chamaesyce hooveri Lupinus padre-crowleyi Hu/sea brevifolia
Cinna bolanderi Meesia triquetra • Tuolumne County Iris hartwegii ssp. columbiana
C!arkia exilis TOTAL N U M B E R O F TAXA: 8 5
Meesia uliginosa jensia yosemitana
C!arkia springvillensis LIST l A : O ; LIST 1 B: 3 1 ; LIST 2 :
Microseris sylvatica jepsonia heterandra
C!aytonia palustris 1 1 ; LIST 3 : 2; LIST 4: 4 1
Mielichhoferia elongata juncus hemiendytus var. abjectus
Cordylanthus eremicus ssp. Agrostis humilis Lilium humboldtii ssp. humboldtii
Mimulus acutidens
kernensis Allium Jepsonii Lomatium congdonii
Mimulus grayi
350 APPENDIX I l l : P LA N TS BY C O U N T Y A N D I S L A N D

Lomatium stebbinsii Calochortus weedii var. vestus Nolina cismontana Psilocarphus brevissimus var.
Lupinus gracilentus Caulanthus californicus Orcuttia californica multif/orus
Lupinus spectabilis Caulanthus coulteri var. lemmonii Orobanche valida ssp. valida Senecio clevelandii var. clevelandii
Lycopus uniflorus Centromadia parryi ssp. australis Oxytheca caryophylloides Tuctoria mucronata
Microseris sylvatica Cercocarpus betuloides var. Oxytheca parishii var. abramsii
Mimulus filicaulis blancheae Pentachaeta fragilis • Yuba County
Chaenactis glabriuscula var. Pentachaeta lyonii TOTAL N U M B ER OF TAXA: 2 0
Mimulus gracilipes
LIST 1 A: O; LIST 1 B : 6 ; LIST 2 : 1 ;
Mimulus inconspicuus orcuttiana Perideridia pringlei
LIST 3 : 2 ; LIST 4 : 1 1
Mimulus laciniatus Chorizanthe blakleyi Phacelia exilis
Allium sanbornii var. sanbornii
Mimulus pulchellus Chorizanthe parryi var. fernandina Piperia cooperi
Arctostaphylos mewukka ssp. truei
Minuartia obtusiloba Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. Piperia michaelii
Polygala cornuta var. fishiae Astragalus pauperculus
Monardella candicans maritimus
Clarkia biloba ssp. brandegeae
Monardella douglasii ssp. venosa Deinandra minthornii Sagittaria sanfordii
Clarkia mildrediae ssp. lutescens
Ophioglossum californicum Delphinium l)'psophilum ssp. Senecio aphanactis
Cypripedium fasciculatum
Pentachaeta fragilis l)'psophilum Sidalcea neomexicana
Darlingtonia californica
Perideridia bacigalupii Delphinium inopinum Suaeda esteroa
Downingia pusilla
Piperia colemanii Delphinium parryi ssp. Suaeda taxifolia
Erigeron petrophilus var. sierrensis
Piperia michaelii blochmaniae Swertia neglecta
Fritillaria eastwoodiae
Podistera nevadensis Delphinium parryi ssp. purpureum Thermopsis californica var.
Juncus leiospermus var. ahartii
Polystichum kruckebergii Delphinium umbraculorum argentata
Lilium humboldtii ssp. humboldtii
Potamogeton robbinsii Dichondra occidentalis
• Yolo County Lupinus dalesiae
Senecio clevelandii var. Dudleya blochmaniae ssp.
TOTAL N U M BE R OF TAXA: 3 5 Navarretia heterandra
heterophyllus blochmaniae
LIST 1 A : O ; LIST 1 B : 1 6; LIST 2 : Perideridia bacigalupii
Senecio layneae Dudleya cymosa ssp. agourensis 2; LIST 3: 1 ; LIST 4: 1 6 Piperia michaelii
Sparganium natans Dudleya cymosa ssp. marcescens
Allium fimbriatum var. purdyi Pseudobahia bahiifolia
Stellaria obtusa Dudleya parva
Asclepias solanoana Pyrrocoma lucida
Trichostema rubisepalum Dudleya verityi
Astragalus breweri Senecio layneae
Utricularia minor Eleocharis parvula
Astragalus clevelandii Vaccinium coccineum
Verbena californica Eriogonum crocatum
Astragalus rattanii var. jepsonianus
Veronica cusickii Eriogonum kennedyi var. alpigenum
Astragalus tener var. ferrisiae
Eriophyllum jepsonii
• Ventura County Astragalus tener var. tener
Erodium macrophyllum
TOTAL N U M BER O F TAXA: 8 7 A triplex cordulata
Erysimum insulare ssp.
LIST 1 A: O; LIST 1 B: 3 9 ; LIST 2 : A triplex depressa
suffrutescens
3 ; LIST 3 : 1 ; LIST 4: 44 A triplexjoaquiniana
Fritillaria agrestis
Abronia maritima Collomia diversifolia
Fritillaria ojaiensis
Acanthomintha obovata ssp. Cordylanthus palmatus
Fritillaria pinetorum
cordata Cryptantha excavata
Calium cliftonsmithii
Allium howellii var. clokeyi Eriogonum nervulosum
Cilia latiflora ssp. cuyamensis
Antirrhinum ovatum Erodium macrophyllum
Cilia leptantha ssp. pinetorum
Aphanisma blitoides Fritillaria pluriflora
Hordeum intercedens
Asplenium vespertinum Fritillaria purdyi
Horkelia cuneata ssp. puberula
Astragalus brauntonii Harmonia ha/Iii
Hu/sea vestita ssp. gabrielensis
Astragalus didymocarpus var. Hesperevax caulescens
Hu/sea vestita ssp. parryi
milesianus Hesperolinon drymarioides
Jug/ans californica
Astragalus pycnostachyus var. Hibiscus lasiocarpus
Juncus acutus ssp. leopoldii
lanosissimus Jug/ans hindsii
Lasthenia ferrisiae
A triplex pacifica Lasthenia ferrisiae
Lasthenia glabrata ssp. coulteri
Atriplex serenana var. davidsonii Layia septentrionalis
Layia heterotricha
Baccharis plummerae ssp. Lepidium latipes var. heckardii
Lepechinia fragrans
plummerae Lessingia hololeuca
Lessingia tenuis
Calandrinia breweri Lomatium hooveri
Lilium humboldtii ssp. ocellatum
Calandrinia maritima Malacothamnus he/Jeri
Lupinus elatus
Calochortus catalinae Microseris sylvatica
Malacothrix incana
Calochortus clavatus var. clavatus Navarretia cotulifolia
Malacothrix saxatilis var. saxatilis
Calochortus palmeri var. palmeri Navarretia Jepsonii
Monardella linoides ssp. oblonga
Calochortus plummerae Neostapfia colusana
Mucronea californica
 A P P E N D I X I l l : P L A N T S B Y C O U N T Y A N D I S LA N D 351

Islands Camissonia guadalupensis ssp. • San Miguel Island Lomatium insulare

clementina TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 2 6 Lycium californicum
Castilleja grisea LIST l A : O ; LIST 1 B: 1 2; LIST 2 : Lycium verrucosum
• Anacapa Island O; LIST 3 : 1 ; LIST 4: 1 3
Ceanothus megacarpus var. Malacothrix foliosa ssp.
TOTAL N U M B ER O F TAXA: 3 1
insularis Abronia maritima polycephala
LIST l A : O ; LIST 1 B: 1 3; LIST 2 :
O ; LIST 3 : 1 ; LIST 4 : 1 7 Convolvulus simulans Achnatherum diegoense Malacothrix incana
Crossosoma californicum Astragalus miguelensis Orobanche parishii ssp. brachyloba
Abronia maritima
Cryptantha traskiae Atriplex coulteri Phacelia cinerea
Achnatherum diegoense
Deinandra clementina Castilleja lanata ssp. hololeuca Suaeda taxifolia
Aphanisma blitoides
Delphinium variegatum ssp. Castilleja mollis Trifolium gracilentum var. palmeri
Arabis hoffmannii
kinkiense Ceanothus megacarpus var.
Astragalus miguelensis • Santa Barbara Island
Delphinium variegatum ssp. insularis
A triplex coulteri TOTA L N U M B E R OF TAXA: 1 8
thornei Dichondra occidentalis
Atriplex paciftca LIST l A: O; LIST 1 B : 8; LIST 2 : O;
Dendromecon harfordii var. Dithyrea maritima
Baccharis plummerae ssp. LIST 3: 1 ; LIST 4 : 9
rhamnoides Dudleya candelabrum
plummerae Aphanisma blitoides
Dissanthelium californicum Dudleya greenei
Berberis pinnata ssp. insularis Artemisia nesiotica
Dudleya virens ssp. virens Eriogonum grande var. rubescens
Calandrinia maritima Astragalus traskiae
Eriogonum giganteum var. Erysimum insulare ssp. insulare
Castilleja lanata ssp. hololeuca Calandrinia maritima
formosum Eschscholzia ramosa
Ceanothus megacarpus var. Calystegia macrostegia ssp.
Eriogonum grande var. grande Calium buxifolium
insularis amplissima
Eriophyllum nevinii Calium californicum ssp.
Deinandra clementina Deinandra clementina
Eschscholzia ramosa miguelense
Eriogonum grande var. grande Dudleya traskiae
Euphorbia misera Helianthemum greenei
Eriogonum grande var. rubescens Eriogonum giganteum var.
Calium catalinense ssp. acrispum Hordeum intercedens
Erysimum insulare ssp. insulare compactum
Calvezia speciosa Lavatera assurgentiflora ssp.
Cilia nevinii Eriophyllum nevinii
Cilia nevinii assurgentiflora
Hazardia detonsa Eschscholzia ramosa
Hazardia cana Lotus dendroideus var. veatchii
Heuchera maxima Calvezia speciosa
Hordeum intercedens Lycium californicum
Hordeum intercedens Cilia nevinii
lsocoma menziesii var. decumbens Malacothrix incana
Lavatera assurgentiflora ssp. Hordeum intercedens
assurgentiflora )epsonia malvifolia Malacothrix indecora
Orobanche parishii ssp. brachyloba Lycium californicum
Lilium humboldtii ssp. ocellatum Lavatera assurgentiflora ssp. glabra
Phacelia insularis var. insularis Malacothrix foliosa ssp. philbrickii
Lotus dendroideus var. dendroideus Linanthus pygmaeus ssp. pygmaeus
Rhamnus pirifolia Platystemon californicus var.
Lycium californicum Lithophragma maximum
ciliatus
Malacothrix foliosa ssp. crispifolia Lomatium insulare
• San Nicolas Island Suaeda taxifolia
Malacothrixjunakii Lotus argophyllus var. adsurgens
TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 2 6 Trifolium gracilentum var. palmeri
Malacothrix squalida Lotus dendroideus var. traskiae
LIST l A : 2; LIST 1 B: 9; LIST 2 : O;
Mimulus flemingii Lupinus guadalupensis LIST 3: 1; LIST 4 : 1 4 • Santa Catalina Island
Quercus tomentella Lycium brevipes var. hassei TOTAL N U M B E R O F TAXA: 60
Abronia maritima
Suaeda taxifolia Lycium californicum LIST lA: 2; LIST 1 B: 26; LIST 2:
Achnatherum diegoense
Trifolium gracilentum var. palmeri Lyonothamnus floribundus ssp. 3; LIST 3 : 1; LIST 4 : 28
Aphanisma blitoides
aspleniifolius Abronia maritima
Artemisia nesiotica
• San Clemente Island Malacothamnus clementinus Aphanisma blitoides
Astragalus traskiae
TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 6 1 Malacothrix foliosa ssp. foliosa Arctostaphylos catalinae
LIST l A : 1 ; LIST 1 B : 34; LIST 2 :
A triplex paciftca
Malacothrix incana Atriplex coulteri
4; LIST 3 : 1 ; LIST 4 : 2 1 Calystegia macrostegia ssp.
Microseris douglasii var. platycarpha Atriplex paciftca
Abronia maritima amplissima
Mimulus flemingii Atriplex serenana var. davidsonii
Aphanisma blitoides Cryptantha traskiae
Muhlenbergia appressa Bergerocactus emoryi
Artemisia nesiotica Deinandra clementina
Nama stenocarpum Calandrinia maritima
Oithyrea maritima
Astragalus miguelensis Phacelia floribunda Calochortus catalinae
Oudleya virens ssp. insularis
Astragalus nevinii Quercus tomentella Ceanothus megacarpus var.
A triplex coulteri Eriogonum grande var. timorum
Rhamnus pirifolia insularis
Eschscholzia ramosa
Atriplex paciftca Scrophularia villosa Centromadia parryi ssp. australis
Bergerocactus emoryi Cilia nevinii
Sibara filifolia Cercocarpus betuloides var.
Hordeum intercedens
Brodiaea kinkiensis Stephanomeria blairii blancheae
jepsonia malvifolia
Calandrinia maritima Suaeda taxifolia Cercocarpus traskiae
Lavatera assurgentiflora ssp.
Calystegia macrostegia ssp. Trifolium gracilentum var. palmeri Convolvulus simulans
assurgentiflora
amplissima Triteleia clementina
 352 A P P E N D I X I l l : P LA N TS B Y C O U NTY A N D I S LA N D

Crossosoma californicum • Santa Cruz Island Lepidium virginicum var. robinsonii Ceanothus megacarpus var.
Deinandra clementina TOTAL N U M B E R OF TAXA: 67 Lilium humboldtii ssp. ocellatum insularis
Dendromecon harfordii var. LIST 1A: 1 ; LIST 1 8: 23; LIST 2: Lonicera subspicata var. subspicata Cercocarpus betuloides var.
2 ; LIST 3 : 1 ; LIST 4: 4 0
rhamnoides Lotus argophyllus var. niveus blancheae
Dichondra occidentalis Abronia maritima Lotus dendroideus var. dendroideus Chorizanthe wheeleri
Dissanthelium californicum Achnatherum diegoense Lycium californicum Dendromecon harfordii var.
Dithyrea maritima Aphanisma blitoides Lyonothamnus f/oribundus ssp. harfordii
Dudleya greenei Arabis hoffmannii aspleniifolius Dichondra occidentalis
Dudleya virens ssp. insularis Arctostaphylos tomentosa ssp. Malacothamnus fasciculatus var. Dudleya blochmaniae ssp. insularis
Eriogonum giganteum var. insulicola nesioticus Dudleya candelabrum
giganteum Arctostaphylos tomentosa ssp. Malacothrix incana Dudleya gnoma
Eriogonum grande var. grande subcordata Malacothrix indecora Dudleya greenei
Eriophyllum nevinii Arctostaphylos viridissima Malacothrix squalida Erigeron sanctarum
Eschscholzia ramosa Astragalus miguelensis Mimulus brandegei Eriogonum grande var. rubescens
Euphorbia misera A triplex coulteri Mimulus f/emingii Erysimum ammophilum
Calium catalinense ssp. catalinense Atriplex pacifica Orobanche parishii ssp. brachyloba Erysimum insulare ssp. insulare
Calium nuttallii ssp. insulare Atriplex serenana var. davidsonii Piperia michaelii Eschscholzia ramosa
Calvezia speciosa Baccharis plummerae ssp. Quercus pacifica Calium californicum ssp.
Cilia nevinii plummerae Quercus parvula var. parvula miguelense
Harpagonella palmeri Berberis pinnata ssp. insularis Quercus tomentella Calium nuttallii ssp. insulare
Helianthemum greenei Calandrinia breweri Rhamnus pirifolia Cilia nevinii
Hordeum intercedens Calandrinia maritima Ribes thacherianum Cilia tenuiflora ssp. hoffmannii
lsocoma menziesii var. decumbens Calochortus catalinae Sanicula hoffmannii Hazardia detonsa
jepsonia malvifolia Castilleja lanata ssp. hololeuca Senecio aphanactis Helianthemum greenei
Lavatera assurgentiflora ssp. glabra Ceanothus megacarpus var. Sibara filifolia Heuchera maxima
Lepechinia fragrans insularis Solanum clokeyi Hordeum intercedens
Lonicera subspicata var. subspicata Cercocarpus betuloides var. Suaeda taxifolia jepsonia malvifolia
Lotus dendroideus var. dendroideus blancheae Thysanocarpus conchuliferus Lasthenia glabrata ssp. coulteri
Lycium brevipes var. hassei Chorizanthe wheeleri Lavatera assurgentif/ora ssp.
Lycium californicum Convolvulus simulans • Santa Rosa Island assurgentiflora
Dendromecon harfordii var. TOTAL N U MB E R OF TAXA: 59 Lepechinia fragrans
Lyonothamnus floribundus ssp.
LIST l A: O; LIST 1 B: 2 5; LIST 2 :
floribundus harfordii Lilium humboldtii ssp. ocellatum
1 ; LIST 3: 1 ; LIST 4: 3 2
Microseris douglasii var. Dichondra occidentalis Lotus dendroideus var. dendroideus
Dudleya candelabrum Achnatherum diegoense
platycarpha Lyonothamnus f/oribundus ssp.
Dudleya greenei Aphanisma blitoides
Mimulus traskiae aspleniifolius
Dudleya nesiotica Arabis hoffmannii
Nemacaulis denudata var. Malacothrix incana
Erigeron sanctarum Arctostaphylos confertif/ora
denudata Malacothrix indecora
Eriogonum grande var. grande Arctostaphylos tomentosa ssp.
Orobanche parishii ssp. brachyloba Mimulus f/emingii
Eriogonum grande var. rubescens insulicola
Pentachaeta lyonii Orobanche parishii ssp. brachyloba
Erodium macrophyllum Arctostaphylos tomentosa ssp.
Piperia cooperi Phacelia insularis var. insularis
Erysimum insulare ssp. insulare subcordata
Quercus engelmannii Pinus torreyana ssp. insularis
Eschscholzia ramosa Astragalus miguelensis
Quercus pacifica Quercus pacifica
Calium buxifolium A triplex coulteri
Quercus tomentella Quercus tomentella
Calium nuttallii ssp. insulare A triplex pacifica Rhamnus pirifolia
Rhamnus pirifolia
Cilia nevinii Atriplex serenana var. davidsonii
Ribes viburnifolium Salvia brandegeei
Hazardia detonsa Berberis pinnata ssp. insularis
Scrophularia villosa Sanicula hoffmannii
Helianthemum greenei Calandrinia breweri
Senecio aphanactis Senecio aphanactis
Heuchera maxima Calandrinia maritima
Sibara filifolia Solanum clokeyi
Hordeum intercedens Calochortus catalinae
Solanum wallacei Suaeda taxifolia
Jepsonia malvifolia Castilleja lanata ssp. hololeuca
Suaeda taxifolia
Lepechinia fragrans Castilleja mollis
Trifolium gracilentum var. palmeri
 [
P l a n ts by Co m m o n N a m e
APPE N D I X IV
h e fo l lowi ng l ist i s ordered alphabetically by common name. As common names are not standardized fo r plants, we
encourage the use of the scientific name whenever possible. Th e 2 8 taxa ofnonvascular plants included i n the sixth
edition do not currently have assigned common names, and do not appear on this l ist.
Abbott's bush mal low - Ma/acothamnus
abbottii
Abert's sanvitalia - Sanvitalia abertii
Abrams's alu m root - Heuchera abramsii
Abrams's l u pine - Lupinus albifrons var.
abramsii
Abrams's oxytheca - Oxytheca parishii var.
abramsii
Abrams's spurge - Chamaesyce abramsiana
adder's-mouth Ma/axis -
monophyllos ssp. brachypoda
adobe san icle Sanicula maritima
- Anthony Peak lupine - Lupinus antoninus
adobe yampah - Perideridia pringlei
adobe-lily Fritillaria pluriflora
- deltoides ssp. howellii
Ah art's dwarf rush -juncus leiospermus var.
ahartii
Ahart's paronychia - Paronychia ahartii
Alaska cedar - Cupressus nootkatensis
Aleppo avens - Geum aleppicum
Alexander's buckwheat - Eriogonum
ochrocephalum var. alexanderae
Algodones Du nes s u n flower - Helianthus
niveus ssp. tephrodes
alkali cord grass - Spartina gracilis
alkali hymenoxys Hymenoxys lemmonii
- arcuatus
alkali ivesia - lvesia ldnyji var. ldnyji
alkali mariposa l i ly - Calochortus striatus
alkali m i l k-vetch - Astragalus tener var. tener
alkali tansy-sage - Sphaeromeria potentilloides
var. nitrophila
alpine cinq uefo i l - Potentilla concinna
alpine dusty maidens - Chaenactis douglasii
var. alpina
alpine jewel-flower - Streptanthus gracilis
alpine sandwort - Minuartia obtusiloba
alpine sulfu r-flowered buckwheat -
Eriogonum umbellatum var. minus
Amargosa n itrophila Nitrophila mohavensis
-
American glehnia - Glehnia littoralis ssp.
leiocarpa
American manna grass Glyceria grandis
- Ash M eadows daisy - Enceliopsis nudicaulis
American saw-wort - Saussurea americana var. corrugata
American scheuchzeria - Scheuchzeria Ash M eadows gum plant - Grindelia fraxino­
palustris var. americana pratensis
amethyst stickseed - Hackelia amethystina Ash Valley m i l k-vetch - Astragalus anxius
Anderson's clover - Trifolium andersonii var. ash-gray I nd ian paintbrush - Castilleja
andersonii cinerea
angel tru m pets - Acleisanthes longiflora Ash land th istle Cirsium ciliolatum
-
ann ual bristleweed Machaeranthera gracilis
- ashy phacelia Phacelia cinerea
-
antelope-horns - Asclepias asperula ssp. Aven Nelson's phacelia - Phacelia anelsonii
asperula awl-leaved navarretia - Navarretia subuligera
awned sedge - Carex atherodes
Antioch Dunes evening-primrose - Oenothera ayen ia - Ayenia compacta
Bacigalupi's yampah - Perideridia bacigalupii
aphanisma - Aphanisma blitoides Bailey's ivesia - lvesia baileyi var. baileyi
Applegate stonecrop - Sedum oblanceolatum Bailey's woolly buckwheat - Eriogonum
appressed m u hly - Muhlenbergia appressa baileyi var. praebens
Arburua Ranch jewel-flower - Streptanthus Baja California bird bush - Ornithostaphylos
insignis ssp. lyonii oppositifo/ia
arctic meadow-rue - Thalictrum alpinum Baja Califo rnia i pomopsis - lpomopsis effusa
Arctic spoonwort - Cochlearia officinalis var. Baja navarretia - Navarretia peninsularis
arctica Baker's cypress Cupressus bakeri
-
arctic starflower Trientalis arctica
- Baker's globe mallow !liamna bakeri
-
arcuate bush mal low Malacothamnus
- Baker's goldfields - Lasthenia macrantha ssp.
bakeri
Arizona carlowrightia - Carlowrightia Baker's larkspur - Delphinium bakeri
anzonica Baker's manzan ita - Arctostaphylos bakeri
Arizona pholistoma - Pholistoma auritum var. ssp. bakeri
arizonicum Baker's meadowfoam - Limnanthes bakeri
Arizona spurge - Chamaesyce arizonica Baker's navarretia - Navarretia leucocephala
aromatic canyon gooseberry - Ribes ssp. bakeri
menziesii var. ixoderme Bakersfield cactus Opuntia basilaris var.
-
Arroyo de la Cruz manzan ita - Arctostaphylos treleasei
cruzensis Bakersfield smallscale Atriplex tularensis
-
Arroyo de l a Cruz mariposa l i ly - Calochortus bald daisy - Erigeron calvus
clavatus var. recurvifolius Bald Mountain milk-vetch - Astragalus
Arroyo Seco bush mallow Malacothamnus
- umbraticus
palmeri var. lucianus Baldwin Lake l i nanth us - Linanthus killipii
ash beardtongue - Penstemon cinicola Ballona cinquefoi l - Potentilla multijuga
Ash Creek ivesia lvesia paniculata
- Banner dud leya - Dudleya alainae
353
3 54 APPEN D IX IV: P LA N TS BY C O M M O N N A M E

bare mon keyflower Mimulus nudatus

- Bishop manzan ita - Arctostaphylos obispoensis Brandegee's eriastrum - Eriastrum brandegeae
Barneby's beardtongue Penstemon barnebyi
- bitter gooseberry - Ribes amarum var. Bra.ndegee's sage - Salvia brandegeei
Barstow woolly sunflower - Eriophyllum hoffmannii Brand's phacelia - Phacelia stellaris
mohavense black crowberry Empetrum nigrum ssp.
- Braunton's m i l k-vetch Astragalus brauntonii
-

Barton Flats horkelia - Horkelia wilderae
bay buckwheat - Eriogonum umbellatum var.
bahiiforme
hermaphroditum Breed love's buckwheat - Eriogonum
black grama Bouteloua eriopoda
- breedlovei var. breedlovei
black m i l k-vetch Astragalus funereus
- Brewer's calandrinia Calandrinia breweri
-

beach layia - Layia carnosa Black Rock potentil la Potentilla basaltica

- Brewer's clarkia - Clarkia breweri
beach spectaclepod - Dithyrea maritima black sedge - Schoenus nigricans Brewer's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus breweri
beach starwort - Stellaria littoralis black-flowered figwort Scrophularia atrata- Brewer's spineflower Chorizanthe breweri
-

beaked clarkia - Clarkia rostrata Blair's stephanomeria Stephanomeria blairii

- Brewer's western flax - Hesperolinon breweri
beaked tracyina Tracyina rostrata
- Blakley's spineflower Chorizanthe blakleyi
- bright green dudleya - Dudleya virens ssp.
Bear Valley pyrrocoma - Pyrrocoma uniflora Blasdale's bent grass Agrostis blasdalei
- virens
var. gossypina Bloch man's d u d l eya Dudleya blochmaniae
- bristlecon e cryptantha - Cryptantha
bearded j ewel-flower Streptanthus barbiger
- ssp. blochmaniae roos1orum
bearded lupine Lupinus latifolius var.
- Blochman's leafy daisy - Erigeron blochmaniae bristlecone fir - Abies bracteata
barbatus Bloch man's ragwort - Senecio blochmaniae bristlecone pine Pinus longaeva
-

bearded popcorn-flower - Plagiobothrys blue alpine phacelia - Phacelia sericea var. bristly li nanthus Linanthus acicularis
-

hystriculus ciliosa bristly scaleseed Spermolepis echinata

-

beautifu l bluebells Mertensia oblongifolia

- blue pendent-pod oxytrope Oxytropis - bristly sedge - Carex comosa
var. amoena deflexa var. sericea brittle prickly-pear Opuntia fragilis
-

beautiful cholla Opuntia pulchella

- blue skullcap - Scutellaria /ateriflora brittlescale - Atriplex depressa
beautifu l hu lsea Hu/sea vestita ssp.
- bluish spike-moss - Selaginella asprella broad-keeled m i l k-vetch - Astragalus
callicarpha blunt-fruited sweet-cicely - Osmorhiza platytropis
beautifu l pussy-toes - Antennaria pulchella depauperata broad-lobed li nanthus - Linanthus latisectus
beautifu l shootingstar - Dodecatheon Bodie H i l l s cusickiella - Cusickiella brown turbans Malperia tenuis
-

pulchellum quadricostata brownish beaked-rush - Rhynchospora

Beaver Dam breadroot - Pediomelum
castoreum
Beegum onion - Allium hoffmanii
bee-hive cactus - Sclerocactusjohnsonii
Bel li nger's meadowfoam Limnanthes
- Bolander's beach pine - Pinus contorta ssp.
floccosa ssp. bellingeriana
Ben Lomond buckwheat - Eriogonum nudum
var. decurrens
Ben Lomond spineflower - Chorizanthe
pungens var. hartwegiana
bensoniella - Bensoniella oregona
bent-flowered fidd leneck - Amsinckia lunaris
Berry's morni ng-glory - Calystegia
malacophylla var. berryi
Bidwell's knotweed - Polygonum bidwelliae
Big Bear Valley m i l k-vetch Astragalus
- boothii ssp. boothii
Bod ie H i l l s rock cress - Arabis bodiensis capitellata
bog club-moss Lycopodiella inundata
- brown-margin ed buckwheat - Eriogonum
Boggs Lake hedge-hyssop Gratia/a - ovalifolium var. eximium
heterosepala Burke's goldfields - Lasthenia burkei
bu rro grass - Scleropogon brevifolius
bolanderi Butte Cou nty calycadenia - Calycadenia
Bolander's clover - Trifolium bolanderi oppositifolia
Bolander's horkelia Horkelia bolanderi
- Butte Cou nty checkerbloom - Sidalcea
Bolander's l i ly - Lilium bolanderi robusta
Bolander's reed grass Calamagrostis - Butte Cou nty fritil lary - Fritillaria eastwoodiae
bolanderi Butte County golden clover - Trifoliumjokerstii
Bolander's woodreed - Cinna bolanderi Butte Cou nty m eadowfoam - Limnanthes
Bon ny Doon manzanita - Arctostaphylos floccosa ssp. californica
silvicola Butte Cou nty m orni ng-glory - Calystegia
Booth's even ing-pri m rose - Camissonia atriplicifolia ssp. buttensis
Butterworth's buckwheat Eriogonum -

lentiginosus var. sierrae Borrego bedstraw - Galium angustifolium ssp. butterworthianum

Big Bear Valley phlox - Phlox dolichantha
Big Bear Valley sandwort - Arenaria ursina
Big Bear Valley woollypod Astragalus -
leucolobus
big tarplant - Blepharizonia plumosa ssp.
borregoense Buxbau m's sedge - Carex buxbaumii
Borrego m i l k-vetch - Astragalus lentiginosus caespitose eve n ing-prim rose - Oenothera
var. borreganus caespitosa ssp. crinita
Borrego Valley pepper-grass - Lepidium cal ico mon keyflower - Mimulus pictus
flavum var. felipense Californ ia adder's-tongue Ophioglossum
-

plumosa bottle brush sedge Carex hystericina

- californicum
big-scale balsamroot - Balsamorhiza box bedstraw - Galium buxifolium California adolphia - Adolphia californica
macrolepis var. macrolepis branching beach aster Corethrogyne - California androsace - Androsace elongata
bird-foot checkerbloom Sidalcea pedata
- leucophylla ssp. acuta
Bisbee Peak rush-rose - Helianthemum Brandegee's clarkia - Clarkia biloba ssp. Cal ifornia beaked-rush - Rhynchospora
suffrutescens brandegeae californica
 A P P E N D I X I V : P LA N T S BY C O M M O N N A M E 355

California beardtongue - Penstemon
californicus
California bedstraw - Galium ca/ifornicum
ssp. primum
California bottle-brush grass - Elymus
californicus
California box-thorn - Lycium californicum
California dandelion - Taraxacum
californicum
California dissanthelium - Dissanthelium
californicum
Cal iforn ia ditaxis - Ditaxis serrata var.
californica
California d raba - Draba californica
California globe mal low - !liamna
latibracteata
California jewel-flower - Caulanthus
californicus
California lady's-sli pper - Cypripedium
californicum
Cal ifornia marina - Marina orcuttii var.
orcuttii
California m ock-pennyroyal - Hedeoma
nanum var. californicum
Califo rnia m u h ly - Muhlenbergia californica
Califo rnia Orcutt grass - Orcuttia californica
Californ ia pinefoot - Pityopus californicus
California pitcherplant - Darlingtonia
californica
California seablite - Suaeda californica
California sedge - Carex californica
California spineflower - Mucronea californica
California vervain - Verbena californica
Cal istoga ceanoth us - Ceanothus divergens
Cal istoga popcorn-flower - Plagiobothrys
strictus
Callahan's mari posa l i ly - Calochortus
syntrophus
Cal l's angelica - Angelica cal/ii
Camatta Canyon amole - Chlorogalum
purpureum var. reductum
Cam bria morni ng-glory - Calystegia
subacaulis ssp. episcopalis
candleholder dudleya - Dudleya candelabrum
Cantelow's lewisia - Lewisia cantelovii
Canyon Creek stonecrop - Sedum paradisum
caper-fru ited tropidocarpum -
Tropidocarpum capparideum
caraway-leaved gilia - Cilia caruifolia
Carlotta Hal l's lace fern - Aspidotis carlotta­
halliae
Carmel Valley bush m allow - Malacothamnus
palmeri var. involucratus
Carmel Val ley malacoth rix - Malacothrix
saxatilis var. arachnoidea
Carqui nez golden bush - /socoma arguta
Carson Range rock cress - Arabis rigidissima
var. demota
Cascade alpine cam pion - Silene suksdorfii
Cascade stonecrop - Sedum divergens
Castle Crags harebell - Campanula shetleri
Castle Crags ivesia - lvesia longibracteata
Catalina crossosoma - Crossosoma
californicum
Catalina Island mountain-mahogany ­
Cercocarpus traskiae
Catalina mari posa l i ly - Calochortus catalinae
Cedar Crest popcorn-flower - Plagiobothrys
glyptocarpus var. modestus
Ced ros Island oak - Quercus cedrosensis
Center Basin rush - juncus hemiendytus var.
abjectus
Cham bers's physaria - Physaria chambersii
Chan nel Island tree poppy - Dendromecon
harfordii var. harfordii
chaparral harebell - Campanula exigua
chaparral nolina - Nolina cismontana
chaparral rein orchid - Piperia cooperi
chaparral sand-verbena - Abronia villosa var.
aurita
Charleston sandwort - Arenaria congesta var.
charlestonensis
Charlotte's phacelia - Phacelia nashiana
chickweed oxytheca - Oxytheca caryophylloides
Chinese Cam p brod iaea - Brodiaea pa/Iida
Choris's popcorn-flower - Plagiobothrys
chorisianus var. chorisianus
Chorro Creek bog th istle - Cirsium fontinale
var. obispoense
Cienega Seca oxytheca - Oxytheca parishii var.
cienegensis
Cima milk-vetch - Astragalus cimae var. cimae
Clara H u nt's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus clarianus
Clark Mou ntain agave - Agave utahensis var.
nevadensis
Clark Mountain buckwheat - Eriogonum
heermannii var. floccosum
C lark Mou ntain spurge - Euphorbia
exstipulata var. exstipulata
clay-loving buckwheat - Eriogonum argillosum
Cleveland's bush mon keyflower - Mimulus
clevelandii
Cleveland's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus clevelandii
Cleveland's ragwort - Senecio clevelandii var.
clevelandii
cliff brake - Pellaea truncata
cliff c i nqu efo i l - Potentilla rimicola
cl iff malacothrix - Malacothrix saxatilis var.
saxatilis
cliff spurge - Euphorbia misera
cloak fern - Argyrochosma limitanea var.
limitanea
Clokey's cryptantha - Cryptantha clokeyi
closed-th roated beardtongue - Penstemon
personatus
club-haired mari posa l i ly - Calochortus
clavatus var. clavatus
clustered lady's-sl ipper - Cypripedium
fasciculatum
clustered-flower cryptantha - Cryptantha
glomeriflora
Coachella Valley m i l k-vetch - Astragalus
lentiginosus var. coachellae
coast checkerbloom - Sidalcea oregana ssp.
eximia
coast fawn l i ly - Erythronium revolutum
coast lily - Lilium maritimum
Coast Range lomatiu m - Lomatium martindalei
coast rock cress - Arabis blepharophylla
coast wallflower - Erysimum ammophilum
coast woolly-heads - Nemacaulis denudata
var. denudata
coast yel low li nanthus - Linanthus croceus
coastal bluff morni ng-glory - Calystegia
purpurata ssp. saxicola
coastal d u nes m i l k-vetch - Astragalus tener
var. titi
coastal marsh milk-vetch - Astragalus
pycnostachyus var. pycnostachyus
Cobb Mountain lupine - Lupinus sericatus
Coleman's rei n orchid - Piperia colemanii
Colorado Desert larkspur - Delphinium
parishii ssp. subglobosum
Col u m bia yel low cress - Rorippa columbiae
Colum bian watermeal - Wolffia brasiliensis
Colusa grass - Neostapfia colusana
Colusa layia - Layia septentrionalis
Comanche Poi nt layia - Layia leucopappa
common m oonwort - Botrychium lunaria
com pact cobwebby th istle - Cirsium
occidentale var. compactum
Cone Peak bedstraw - Galium californicum
ssp. luciense
Conejo buckwheat - Eriogonum crocatum
Conejo dudleya - Dudleya parva
Congdon's buckwheat - Eriogonum congdonii
Congdon's lewisia - Lewisia congdonii
Congdon's lomati u m - Lomatium congdonii
Congdon's onion - Allium sanbornii var.
congdonii
Congdon's sedge - Carex congdonii
Congdon's tarplant - Centromadia parryi ssp.
congdonii
Congdon's woolly sunflower - Eriophyllum
congdonii
 356 A P P E N D IX IV:
Constance's rock cress - Arabis constancei
Contra Costa goldfields - Lasthenia conjugens
Contra Costa manzanita - Arctostaphylos
manzanita ssp. laevigata
Contra Costa wallflower - Erysimum
capitatum ssp. angustatum
Cooke's phacelia - Phacelia cookei
Cook's triteleia - Triteleia ixioides ssp. cookii
Cooper's rush -juncus cooperi
Copeland's speedwell - Veronica copelandii
copper-flowered bird's-foot trefoi l - Lotus
oblongifolius var. cupreus
copperwort - Iva acerosa
Coso M ou ntains lupine - Lupinus magnificus
var. glarecola
cottony buckwheat Eriogonum gossypinum
- cut-leaved ragwort - Senecio eurycephalus var.
cotu la navarretia Navarretia cotulifolia
- lewisrosei
Cou lter's goldfields Lasthenia glabrata ssp.
- Cuyama gi lia - Cilia latiflora ssp. cuyamensis
coulteri
Coulter's lyrepod - Lyrocarpa coulteri var.
palmeri
Cou lter's matilij a poppy - Romneya coulteri
Coulter's saltbush - Atriplex coulteri
Coves's cassia - Senna covesii
Covi l le's dwarf abronia - Abronia nana ssp.
covillei
Coyote ceanoth us Ceanothus ferrisae
- ssp. daciticola
Crampton's tuctoria or Solano grass -
Tuctoria mucronata
cream-flowered bladderwort - Utricularia
ochroleuca
creamy blazing star - Mentzelia tridentata
crested m i I k-vetch - Astragalus bicristatus
crested potentilla Potentil/a cristae
- Darwin rock cress - Arabis pulchra var.
crisp monardella - Monardel/a crispa
crown beard - Verbesina dissita
crowned m u i lla - Mui/la coronata
crown-of-thorns - Koeberlinia spinosa ssp.
tenuispina
crown scale Atriplex coronata var. coronata
-
crucifixion thorn Caste/a emoryi
-
cruciform eveni ng-pri m rose Camissonia
-
c/aviformis ssp. cruciformis
Crystal Spri ngs lessingia Lessingia
-
arachnoidea
Cuesta Pass checkerbloom Sidalcea -
hickmanii ssp. anomala
Cup Lake d raba - Draba asterophora var.
macrocarpa
curly herissantia - Herissantia crispa
curly-leaved monardella - Monardel/a
undulata
cu rrant-leaved desert mal low Sphaeralcea
-
grossulariifolia ssp. grossulariifolia
curved-beak lousewort - Pedicularis contorta
P LA N TS BY C O M M O N N A M E
curved-pod m i l k-vetch - Astragalus Death Valley sand paper-plant - Peta/onyx
mohavensis var. hemigyrus thurberi ssp. gilmanii
curved-spine beavertai l Opuntia curvospina
- deceivi ng sedge - Carex saliniformis
Cushen bury buckwheat - Eriogonum dec u m bent golden bush lsocoma menziesii
-
ovalifolium var. vineum var. decumbens
Cushen bury m i l k-vetch - Astragalus albens DeDecker's clover Trifolium dedeckerae
-
Cushen bury oxytheca - Oxytheca parishii var. Deep Canyon snapdragon - Antirrhinum
goodmaniana cyathiferum
cushion daisy - Erigeron compactus var. deep-scarred cryptantha - Cryptantha
compactus excavata
cushion townsendia Townsendia condensata
- Dehesa nolina Nolina interrata
-
Cusick's mon keyflower Mimulus cusickii - Del Mar manzanita - Arctostaphylos
Cusick's speedwell Veronica cusickii
- glandulosa ssp. crassifolia
Cusick's stickseed - Hackelia cusickii Del Mar M esa sand aster - Corethrogyne
cut-leaved mon keyflower - Mimulus laciniatus filaginifolia var. linifolia
Del Norte buckwheat Eriogonum nudum-
var. paralinum
Del Norte County i ris - Iris innominata
Cuyamaca cypress Cupressus stephensonii
- Del Norte manzanita - Arctostaphylos
Cuyamaca Lake downingia Downingia - nortensis
concolor var. brevior Del Norte pea Lathyrus delnorticus
-
Cuyamaca larkspur Delphinium hesperium
- Del Norte pyrrocoma - Pyrrocoma racemosa
ssp. cuyamacae var. congesta
Cuyamaca raspberry Rubus glaucifolius var.
- Del Norte wi I low - Salix delnortensis
ganderi del icate bluecup Cithopsis tenel/a
-
dacite manzanita - Arctostaphylos tomentosa delicate clarkia - Clarkia delicata
delicate m u h ly - Muhlenbergia fragilis
Dana's sedge Carex incurviformis var.
- Delta button-celery - Eryngium racemosum
danaensis delta m udwort - Limose//a subulata
dark-eyed gi lia Cilia mi//efoliata
- Delta tule pea - Lathyrusjepsonii var. jepsonii
dark-mouthed triteleia - Triteleia lugens delta woolly-marbles Psilocarphus -
Darwin Mesa m i l k-vetch - Astragalus atratus brevissimus var. multiflorus
var. mensanus depauperate m i l k-vetch - Astragalus
pauperculus
munciensis desert agerati na Ageratina herbacea
-
Davidson's bush mal low - Malacothamnus desert beauty - Linanthus bellus
davidsonii desert bird 's-beak - Cordylanthus eremicus ssp.
Davidson's saltscale - Atriplex serenana var. eremicus
davidsonii desert cymopterus Cymopterus deserticola
-
Davidson's stonecrop - Sedum niveum desert green-gentian - Swertia albomarginata
Davy's sedge - Carex davyi desert popcorn-flower - Plagiobothrys salsus
Davy's semaphore grass - Pleuropogon desert portulaca - Portulaca halimoides
californicus var. davyi desert sage Salvia eremostachya
-
Dean's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus deanei desert sand-parsley Ammoselinum-
Death Valley beardtongue Penstemon - giganteum
fruticiformis var. amargosae desert spike-moss Selagine//a eremophila
-
Death Valley blue-eyed grass - Sisyrinchium desert tragia - Tragia ramosa
funereum desert u n icorn-plant - Proboscidea althaeifolia
Death Valley mon keyflower - Mimulus desert winged rock-cress - Sibara deserti
rupicola desert wing-fru it - Selinocarpus nevadensis
Death Valley rou nd-leaved phacelia - Diablo helianthella - Helianthe//a castanea
Phacelia mustelina d iamond-petaled Californ i a poppy -
Death Valley sage Salvia funerea
-
Eschscholzia rhombipetala
Death Valley sand mat Chamaesyce vallis­
-
d i morphic snapdragon - Antirrhinum
mortae subcordatum
 A P P E N D I X I V : P LA N T S
d issected-leaved toothwort Cardamine -
pachystigma var. dissectifolia
Dog Valley ivesia - /vesia aperta var. canina
Donner Pass buckwheat Eriogonurn -
umbellatum var. torreyanurn
Dorr's Cabin jewel-flower - Streptanthus
rnorrisonii ssp. hirtiflorus
doublet - Dimeresia howellii
Douglas's spineflower - Chorizanthe douglasii
downy buckwheat - Eriogonum puberulum
d rymaria-like western flax - Hesperolinon
drymarioides
Du bakella Mou ntain buckwheat -
Eriogonurn libertini
d u bious pea - Lathyrus sulphureus var.
argillaceus
Dudley's lousewort - Pedicularis dudleyi
Dud ley's rush - juncus dudleyi
d u n e broom - Chaetadelpha wheeleri
d u n e gi lia - Cilia capitata ssp. charnissonis
d u n e horsebrush - Tetradyrnia tetrarneres
d u n e larkspur Delphinium parryi ssp.
- falcate saltbush - Atriplex gardneri var. faleata
blochrnaniae
d u nedelion - Malacothrix incana
D u n n 's mari posa l i ly - Calochortus dunnii
Duran's rush -juncus duranii
dusky-fruited malacothrix - Ma/acothrix
phaeocarpa
dwarf alkali grass Puccinellia pumila
- albomarginatum
dwarf bulrush - Scirpus purnilus
dwarf calycadenia - Calycadenia villosa
dwarf downi ngia - Downingia pusilla
dwarf golden bush - Ericameria nana
dwarf golden star - Bloomeria humilis
dwarf Indian-mallow - Abutilon parvulurn
dwarf lousewort Pedicularis centranthera
-
dwarf soap root Chlorogalurn porneridianum
-
var. minus
Earl imart orache - Atriplex erecticaulis
Eastwood's buckwheat Eriogonurn
-
eastwoodianurn
Eastwood's golden bush Ericameria -
fasciculata
Eastwood's manzanita Arctostaphylos
-
tomentosa ssp. eastwoodiana
eel-grass pondweed - Potarnogeton
zosteriforrnis
Egg Lake mon keyflower Mirnulus pygrnaeus
- interrnedia
egg m i l k-vetch - Astragalus oophorus var.
oophorus
El Dorado bedstraw - Galium californicum
ssp. sierrae
El Dorado County mule ears - Wyethia
reticulata
elephant tree - Bursera microphylla
BY C O M M O N N A M E
Encin itas baccharis - Baccharis vanessae
Engelmann oak - Quercus engelmannii
Engelmann spruce - Picea engelrnannii
Engelman n's lomatium - Lornatiurn
engelmannii
English Peak green briar - Smilaxjarnesii
English sundew - Drosera anglica
ephemeral mon keyflower - Mimulus
evanescens
estuary seablite Suaeda esteroa
- lanaturn var. ha/Iii
Eureka D unes evening-prim rose - Oenothera
californica ssp. eurekensis
Eureka Valley d u n e grass Swallenia
- four-angled spikerush - Eleocharis
alexandrae
evergreen everlasting - Antennaria
suffrutescens
Ewan's cinguefoil - Potentilla glandulosa ssp.
ewanii
Ewan's larkspur - Delphinium hansenii ssp.
ewanianum
fairyduster - Calliandra eriophylla
false buffalo-grass Munroa squarrosa
- fragrant pitcher sage - Lepechinia fragrans
Farnsworth's jewel-flower - Streptanthus
farnsworthianus
Father Crowley's lupi ne - Lupinus padre­
crowleyi
Feather River stonecrop - Sedum
fel l-fields claytonia Claytonia rnegarhiza
- ssp. hoffmanii
felt-leaved monardella - Monardella hypoleuca
ssp. lanata
Ferris's goldfields - Lasthenia ferrisiae
Ferris's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus tener var.
ferrisiae
few-flowered m u h ly - Muhlenbergia pauciflora
few-flowered navarretia - Navarretia
leucocephala ssp. pauciflora
fibrous pondweed - Potamogeton foliosus var.
fibrillosus
field ivesia - lvesia campestris
Fish Slough m i l k-vetch - Astragalus
lentiginosus var. piscinensis
Fish's m i l kwort - Polygala cornuta var. fishiae
fl accid sedge Carex lepta/ea
- gairdneri
flaming tru m pet - Collornia rawsoniana
flat-leaved bladderwort - Utricularia
flat-seeded spurge - Charnaesyce platysperma
flax-l i ke monardella - Monardella linoides ssp.
oblonga
fleshy sage Salvia dorrii var. incana
- Geyer's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus geyeri var. geyeri
fleshy toothwort - Cardamine bellidifolia var.
pachyphylla
Follett's monardella - Monardella follettii
357
footh i l l jepsonia -jepsonia heterandra
fo rget-me-not popcorn-flower -
Plagiobothrys rnyosotoides
forked buckwheat - Eriogonum bifurcatum
forked fiddleneck Arnsinckia vernicosa var.
-
furcata
forked purple mat - Narna dichotornurn var.
dichotomum
Fort Tejon woolly sunflower - Eriophyllum
fountain thistle Cirsium fontinale var.
-
fontinale
quadrangulata
fo u r-petaled pussypaws Calyptridiurn
-
quadripetalum
fox sedge Carex vulpinoidea
-
foxtai I cactus Coryphantha aIversonii
-
foxtai l thelypodi u m - Thelypodiurn
integrifolium ssp. complanatum
fragile pentachaeta Pentachaeta fragilis
-
fragrant friti llary - Fritillaria liliacea
Franciscan manzan ita - Arctostaphylos
hookeri ssp. franciscana
Franciscan onion -
Alliurn peninsulare var. franciscanum
Franciscan th istle - Cirsium andrewsii
Freed's jewel-flower - Streptanthus brachiatus
Fremont barberry - Berberis fremontii
Fremont's com bleaf- Polycteniurn frernontii
var. fremontii
Fresno ceanothus - Ceanothus fresnensis
Fresno Cou nty bird 's-beak - Cordylanthus
tenuis ssp. barbatus
fri nged false-hel lebore - Veratrum fimbriatum
fri nged grass-of-parnassus - Parnassia cirrata
frog's-bit buttercup - Ranunculus
hydrocharoides
frosted m i nt - Poliomintha incana
fuzzy prickly phlox - Leptodactylon californicum
ssp. tomentosum
Gaird ner's yampah - Perideridia gairdneri ssp.
Gambel's water cress - Rorippa garnbelii
Gander's cryptantha Cryptantha ganderi
-
Gander's pitcher sage Lepechinia ganderi
-
Gander's ragwort - Senecio ganderi
Gaviota tarplant - Deinandra increscens ssp.
villosa
Geyer's sedge - Carex geyeri
Geysers d ichanthe l i u m - Dichanthelium
lanuginosum var. thermale
 358 A P P E N D I X IV:
giant Spanish-need l e - Palafoxia arida var.
gigantea
G i l man's buckwheat - Eriogonum gilmanii
Gil man's cymopterus - Cymopterus gilmanii
Gil man's golden bush - Ericameria gilmanii
G i l man's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus gilmanii
-
gland u lar d itaxis - Ditaxis clariana
glandu lar western flax - Hesperolinon
adenophyllum
glaucous tauschia Tauschia glauca
--
glory brush - Ceanothus gloriosus var. exaltatus
golden carpet - Ci/mania luteola
golden draba - Draba aureola
golden good mania Coodmania luteola
golden violet - Viola aurea
golden-anthered clarkia Clarkia mildrediae
ssp. lutescens
golden-rayed pentachaeta - Pentachaeta
aurea
golden-spined cereus - Bergerocactus emoryi
Good d i ng's phacelia - Phacelia pulchella var.
-
gooddingii
Gowen cypress - Cupressus goveniana ssp.
goveniana
gracefu l tarp/ant Holocarpha virgata ssp.
--
elongata
gray beardtongue - Penstemon cinereus
gray cryptantha - Cryptantha scoparia
gray monardella Monardella cinerea
--
gray wil low Salix bebbiana
Gray's lomatium - Lomatium grayi
Gray's monkeyflower - Mimulus grayi
Great Basi n claytonia Claytonia umbellata
Great Basin downi ngia - Downingia laeta
G reat Basin nemophila Nemophila
-- -
breviflora
Great Basin onion -
Allium atrorubens var. atrorubens
great burnet Sanguisorba officinalis
Greata's aster Aster greatae
green buckwheat Eriogonum umbellatum
var. glaberrimum
green jewel-flower - Streptanthus breweri var.
hesperidis
green m onardella - Monardella viridis ssp.
viridis
green sedge - Carex viridula var. viridula
green spleenwort - Asplenium trichomanes­
-
ramosum
Greene's buckwheat - Eriogonum strictum var.
greenei
Greene's dudleya Dudleya greenei
Greene's four o'clock - Mirabilis greenei
Greene's mariposa l i ly - Calochortus greenei
Greene's rabbitbrush - Chrysothamnus greenei
P LA N TS B Y C O M M O N NAME
Greene's rock cress - Arabis repanda var.
greenei
Greene's tuctoria - Tuctoria greenei
green-flowered prince's p l u me - Stanleya
viridif/ora
green-flowered wintergreen - Pyrola
chlorantha
Greenhorn fritillary - Fritillaria brandegei
grey-leaved violet - Viola pinetorum ssp. grisea
Guadalupe Island l u pine - Lupinus
guadalupensis
G u i rado's goldenrod - Solidago guiradonis
gypsu m-loving larkspur - Delphinium
l)'psophilum ssp. yypsophilum
hair-leaved rush -juncus supiniformis
hairless popcorn-flower - Plagiobothrys glaber
hairy erioneuron - Erioneuron pilosum
-
hairy eveni ng-pri m rose - Camissonia boothii
ssp. intermedia
hairy Orcutt grass - Orcuttia pilosa
hairy stickleaf Mentzelia hirsutissima
Hall's bush mal low - Malacothamnus ha/Iii
Hal l 's daisy - Erigeron aequifolius
Hal l's harmonia - Harmonia ha/Iii
Hall's meadow hawksbeard - Crepis
runcinata ssp. ha/Iii
-
Hall's monardella - Monardella macrantha
ssp. ha/Iii
Hall's rupertia - Rupertia ha/Iii
Hall's sedge Carex halliana
Hall's tarp/ant - Deinandra halliana
--
Hall's tetracoccus - Tetracoccus ha/Iii
Hall's wyeth ia - Wyethia elata
Ham m itt's c lay-cress - Sibaropsis hammittii
Hanau pah rock daisy Perityle villosa
Hard ham's bedstraw Calium hardhamiae
H ard ham's evening-primrose - Camissonia
--
hardhamiae
Hartweg's golden sunburst - Pseudobahia
bahiifolia
H arwood's m i l k-vetch Astragalus insularis
var. harwoodii
Hayfield tarp/ant Hemizonia congesta ssp.
leucocephala
Hearst's ceanoth us - Ceanothus hearstiorum
Hearst's manzan ita - Arctostaphylos hookeri
ssp. hearstiorum
heart-leaved pitcher sage - Lepechinia
cardiophylla
heart-leaved thorn-mint - Acanthomintha
-
obovata ssp. cordata
heart-leaved twayblade - Listera cordata
heartscale - Atriplex cordulata
H eckard's I n d ian paintbrush Castilleja
montigena
,
var. heckardii
--
Heckard's pepper-grass - Lepidium latipes
Heckner's lewisia Lewisia cotyledon var.
heckneri
Heckner's stonecrop Sedum laxum ssp.
heckneri
Heller's bush mal low - Malacothamnus helleri
H enderson's bent grass - Agrostis hendersonii
-
H enderson's fawn l i ly - Erythronium
hendersonii
Henderson's horkelia - Horkelia hendersonii
H enderson's lomati u m Lomatium
-
hendersonii
Henderson's triteleia - Triteleia hendersonii
var. hendersonii
Hernandez bl uecu rls Trichostema
rubisepalum
H ickman's checkerbloom - Sidalcea hickmanii
ssp. hickmanii
H ickman's cinquefoi l - Potentilla hickmanii
-
H ickman's onion - Allium hickmanii
Hickman's popcorn-flower - Plagiobothrys
chorisianus var. hickmanii
H idden Lake bluecurls Trichostema
-
austromontanum ssp. compactum
H igh Sierra ph lox - Phlox dispersa
h i l l buckwheat - Eriogonum collinum
-
H i l l man's cleomella Cleomel/a hillmanii
-
H i l l man's si lverscale - Atriplex argentea var.
hillmanii
H i l lsborough chocolate l i ly Fritillaria biflora
var. ineziana
h i l lside arn ica A rnica fulgens
h i l lside wheat grass - Leymus salinus ssp.
mojavensis
H irsh berg's rock cress - Arabis hirshbergiae
h ispid bird's-beak - Cordylanthus mollis ssp.
hispidus
hoary d raba - Draba breweri var. cana
hoary gooseberry - Ribes roezlii var. amictum
hoary navarretia - Navarretia eriocephala
Hockett Meadows lupine - Lupinus lepidus
var. culbertsonii
-
Hoffman n's buckwheat - Eriogonum
hoffmannii var. hoffmannii
Hoffman n's rock cress - Arabis hoffmannii
Hoffman n's san icle Sanicula hoffmannii
Hoffman n 's slender-flowered gilia - Cilia
tenuiflora ssp. hoffmannii
hogwallow starfish - Hesperevax caulescens
holly fern - Polystichum lonchitis
holly-leaved ceanothus - Ceanothus purpureus
hol ly-leaved tetracoccus - Tetracoccus
ilicifolius
Hol mgren's lupine - Lupinus holmgrenanus
 A P P E N D I X I V : P LA N T S
Holmgren's sku llcap Scutellaria
- H u m boldt m i l k-vetch - Astragalus agnicidus
holmgreniorum
hooked popcorn-flower - Plagiobothrys
uncinatus
H ooker's manzan ita - Arctostaphylos hookeri
ssp. hookeri
Hoover's bent grass - Agrostis hooveri
Hoover's button-celery - Eryngium aristulatum
var. hooveri
H oover's calycadenia - Ca/ycadenia hooveri
Hoover's cryptantha - Cryptantha hooveri
Hoover's eriastrum Eriastrum hooveri
- aboriginum
Hoover's lomati u m - Lomatium hooveri
Hoover's manzanita - Arctostaphylos hooveri
Hoover's spurge - Chamaesyce hooveri
horned butterwort - Pinguicula vulgaris ssp.
macroceras
Hospital Canyon larkspur - Delphinium
californicum ssp. interius
hot rock daisy - Erigeron inornatus var.
calidipetris
hot spri ngs fi m bristylis Fimbristylis thermalis
-
H owel l's alkali grass - Puccinellia howellii
Howell's broom rape Orobanche valida ssp.
-
howellii
Howe l l 's clover - Trifolium howellii
H owel l 's d raba Draba howellii
-
H owel l's fawn lily - Erythronium howellii
Howell's horkel i a Horkelia sericata
-
Howell's jewel-flower - Streptanthus howellii
Howell's lewisia - Lewisia cotyledon var. howellii
Howe l l 's lomatiu m - Lomatium howellii
Howe l l 's lousewort - Pedicularis howellii
H owel l 's manzanita - Arctostaphy/os hispidula
Howell's montia - Mantia howellii
Howell's sandwort Minuartia howellii
-
Howel l's saxifrage - Saxifraga howellii
Howe l l 's spineflower - Chorizanthe howellii
Howe l l 's tauschia - Tauschia howellii
Howe l l 's thelypo d i u m Thelypodium howellii
-
ssp. howellii
Howell's triteleia - Triteleia grandiflora ssp.
howellii
Howe's hedgehog cactus - Echinocereus
engelmannii var. howei
H u m boldt Bay owl's-clover - Castilleja
ambigua ssp. humboldtiensis
H u m boldt Bay wallflower - Erysimum
menziesii ssp. eurekense
H u m boldt County fuchsia - Epilobium
septentrionale
H u m boldt County wyeth ia - Wyethia
longicaulis
H u m boldt l ily - Lilium humboldtii ssp.
humboldtii
BY C O M M O N NAME
H utch i nson's larkspur - Delphinium
hutchinsoniae
H utchison's lewisia Lewisia kelloggii ssp.
- island j epson ia -jepsonia ma/vifolia
hutchisonii
l d ria buckwheat - Eriogonum vestitum
I ndian Knob m ou ntai nbalm - Eriodictyon
altissimum
I n d i an Valley brodiaea - Brodiaea coronaria
ssp. rosea
I nd ian Valley bush mallow - Malacothamnus
I n dian Valley spineflower - Aristocapsa
insignis
I n d ian-pipe Monotropa uniflora
- island oak - Quercus tomentella
inflated m i l k-vetch - Astragalus cimae var.
suff/atus
in land gi lia - Cilia interior
i nterior bush l u p i n e Lupinus excubitus var.
- island sagebrush Artemisia nesiotica
Johnstonii
i nterior manzanita - Arctostaphylos parryana
ssp. tumescens
i ntermediate mari posa l i ly - Calochortus
weedii var. intermedius
i ntermontane l u p i n e - Lupinus pusillus var.
intermontanus
i ntermou ntain m i l kwort - Po/ygala
intermontana
I nyo beardtongue - Penstemon papillatus
I nyo Cou nty star-tu lip - Calochortus excavatus
I nyo hulsea Hu/sea vestita ssp. inyoensis
- Jacu m ba m i l k-vetch - Astragalus douglasii var.
I nyo lomati u m - Lomatium foeniculaceum ssp.
1nyoense
I nyo m i l k-vetch Astragalus inyoensis
- jaegeri
I nyo Mou ntai ns buckwheat - Eriogonum
microthecum var. lapidicola
I nyo onion - Allium atrorubens var. cristatum
I nyo phacelia - Phacelia inyoensis
I nyo rock d aisy - Perityle inyoensis
lone buckwheat - Eriogonum apricum var.
apricum
lone manzanita - Arctostaphylos myrtifolia
I rish H i l l buckwheat - Eriogonum apricum var.
prostratum
island a l u m root - Heuchera maxima
island barberry - Berberis pinnata ssp.
insularis
island broom - Lotus dendroideus var.
dendroideus
island buckwheat - Eriogonum grande var.
grande
island bush mon keyflower - Mimulus
flemingii
island ceanoth us - Ceanothus megacarpus var.
insularis
359
island green d u d leya - Dudleya virens ssp.
insularis
island hazardia Hazardia detonsa
-
island malacothrix Malacothrix squalida
-
island mal low - Lavatera assurgentiflora ssp.
assurgentiflora
island manzanita - Arctostaphylos tomentosa
ssp. insulicola
island morning-glory - Ca/ystegia macrostegia
ssp. amplissima
island mountain-mahogany - Cercocarpus
betuloides var. blancheae
island n ightshade - Solanum clokeyi
island poppy - Eschscholzia ramosa
island red berry - Rhamnus pirifolia
island rush-rose - Helianthemum greenei
-
island scrub oak - Quercus pacifica
island snapdragon - Galvezia speciosa
island tarplant Oeinandra clementina
-
island tree poppy Dendromecon harfordii
-
var. rhamnoides
island wallflower Erysimum insulare ssp.
-
insulare
ivory-spined agave - Agave utahensis var.
eborispina
jackass-clover - Wislizenia refracta ssp.
refracta
perstrictus
Jaeger's caulostramina - Caulostramina
Jaeger's ivesia lvesia jaegeri
-
Jaeger's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus pachypus var.
jaegeri
J aeger's phacelia - Phacelia perityloides var.
jaegeri
Janish's beardtongue Penstemonjanishiae
-
Jared 's pepper-grass - Lepidium jaredii ssp.
jaredii
Jaynes Canyon buckwheat - Eriogonum
diclinum
J epson's bedstraw - Galiumjepsonii
Jepson's l i nanthus - Linanthusjepsonii
J epson 's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus rattanii var.
jepsonianus
J epson's navarretia Navarretia jepsonii
-
J epson's on ion - Allium jepsonii
J epson's woolly sunflower - Eriophyllum
Jepsonii
Johnston 's bedstraw - Galium johnstonii
Joh nsto n 's buckwheat Eriogonum -
microthecum var. Johnstonii
360 A P P E N D I X IV:
J o h n ston's mon keyflower - Mimulus
johnstonii
Johnston's rock cress - Arabis johnstonii
joi nted buckwheat - Eriogonum intrafractum
Jolon c larkia - Clarkiajolonensis
Jones's bush mal low - Malacothamnusjonesii
J ones's layia - Layia jonesii
J ones's mu h ly - Muhlenbergiajonesii
J oseph ine horkel i a - Horkelia congesta ssp.
nemorosa
J u ly gold - Oedeckera eurekensis
J u nak's malcothrix - Malacothrixjunakii
j u n i per buckwheat -
Eriogonum umbellatum var. juniporinum
Kaweah brodiaea - Brodiaea insignis
Kaweah fawn l i ly - Erythronium pusaterii
Kaweah mon keyflower Mimulus norrisii
-
Keck's checkerbloom - Sidalcea keckii
Kei l 's daisy - Erigeron inornatus var. keilii
Kellogg's buckwheat - Eriogonum kellog_gii
Kel logg's horkelia - Horkelia cuneata ssp.
sencea
Kellogg's lily - Lilium kellog_gii
Kellogg's sand-verbena Tripterocalyx crux­
-
maltae
Kelso Creek mon keyflower - Mimulus shevockii
Kenwood Marsh checkerbloom - Sidalcea
oregana ssp. valida
Kern buckwheat - Eriogonum kennedyi var.
pinicola
Kern Canyon clarkia - Clarkia xantiana ssp.
parviflora
Kern ceanothus - Ceanothus pinetorum
Kern Cou nty eveni ng-pri mrose - Camissonia
kernensis ssp. kernensis
Kern Cou nty larkspur - Delphinium purpusii
Kern Cou nty m i l k-vetch - Astragalus
subvestitus
Kern mal low - Eremalche kernensis
Kern Plateau bird 's-beak - Cordylanthus
eremicus ssp. kernensis
Kern Plateau horkelia - Horkelia tularensis
Kern Plateau m i l k-vetch - Astragalus
lentiginosus var. kernensis
Kern River daisy - Erigeron multiceps
Kern River eveni ng-pri m rose - Camissonia
integrifolia
Kernvi lle poppy - Eschscholzia procera
Kettle Dome buckwheat - Eriogonum
prattenianum var. avium
King's angelica - Angelica kingii
King's eyelash grass - Blepharidachne kingii
Kings gold - Twisselmannia californica
Ki ngs Mou ntain manzan ita - Arctostaphylos
regismontana
P LA N TS B Y C O M M O N N A M E
Kings River buckwheat - Eriogonum nudum
var. reg1nvum
Kings River mon keyflower Mimulus-
acutidens
Ki ngston Mou ntai ns bedstraw - Galium
hilendiae ssp. kingstonense
Kingston Mountai ns ivesia - lvesia patellifera
kitten-tails - Synthyris missurica ssp. missurica
Klamath arn ica - Amica spathulata
Klamath daisy - Erigeron petrophilus var.
viscidulus
Klamath fawn l i ly - Erythronium klamathense
Klamath gentian - Gentiana plurisetosa
Klamath manzanita - Arctostaphylos
klamathensis
Klamath Mou ntain buckwheat Eriogonum-
hirtellum
Kneeland Prairie pen nycress - Thlaspi
californicum
knotted rush juncus nodosus
- Lem mon's jewel flower - Caulanthus coulteri
Koehler's sti pitate rock cress - Arabis
koehleri var. stipitata
Konocti manzan ita - Arctostaphylos
manzanita ssp. elegans
Kruckeberg's jewel-fl ower - Streptanthus
morrisonii ssp. kruckebergii
Kruckeberg's sword fern Polystichum
- citrinum var. citrinum
kruckebergii
Kusch e's sandwort Arenaria macradenia
- lesser bladderwort - Utricularia minor
var. kuschei
La Graciosa th istle Cirsium loncholepis
-
La Purisima manzanita - Arctostaphylos
purissima
Lagu na Beach d u d leya - Dudleya stolonifera
Lagu n a Mountai ns alum root - Heuchera
brevistaminea
Laguna Mou ntai ns golden bush - Ericameria
cuneata var. macrocephala
Laguna Mou ntains jewel-flower -
Streptanthus bernardinus
Lake Cou nty stonecrop - Sedella leiocarpa
Lake Cou nty western flax - Hesperolinon
didymocarpum
Lakeside ceanoth us - Ceanothus cyaneus
Lancaster m i l k-vetch - Astragalus preussii var.
laxiflorus
lance-leaved scurf-pea - Psoralidium
lanceolatum
Lane Mou ntain m i l k-vetch - Astragalus
jaegerianus
Langsdorf's violet - Viola langsdorfii
large-flowered fiddleneck - Amsinckia
grandiflora
large-flowered l i nanthus - Linanthus
grandiflorus
large-seeded goosefoot - Chenopodium
simplex
Las Ani mas col u brina - Colubrina californica
Lassen Peak smelowskia - Smelowskia ova/is
var. congesta
late-flowered mari posa l i ly - Calochortus
weedii var. vestus
Lavi n's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus oophorus var.
lavinii
Layne's ragwort - Senecio layneae
leafy buckwheat - Eriogonum foliosum
leafy malacothrix - Malacothrix foliosa ssp.
foliosa
leafy reed grass - Calamagrostis foliosa
leafy tarplant - Deinandra increscens ssp.
foliosa
leafy-stem med m itrewort - Mite/la caulescens
legenere - Legenere limosa
Lem mon's clover - Trifolium lemmonii
var. lemmonii
Lemmon's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus lemmonii
Lem mon's syntrichopappus -
Syntrichopappus lemmonii
lemon l ily - Lilium parryi
lemon-colored fawn l i ly - Erythronium
lens-pod m i l k-vetch - Astragalus lentiformis
lesser saltscale - Atriplex minuscula
Letterman's blue grass - Paa lettermanii
Lewis's clarkia - Clarkia lewisii
Lewis's eveni ng-primrose - Camissonia lewisii
Liddon's sedge - Carex petasata
Li l l i put l u p i n e - Lupinus uncialis
l i m estone beardtongue - Penstemon calcareus
l i m estone daisy - Erigeron uncialis var. uncialis
l i m estone d u d leya - Dudleya calcicola
l ittle cutleaf- Hymenopappus filifolius var.
nanus
l ittle hu lsea - Hu/sea nana
l ittle mousetail - Myosurus minimus ssp. apus
I ittle rice grass - Oryzopsis exigua
Little San Bernard i n o Mtns. l i nanthus -
Linanthus maculatus
Little Sur manzanita - Arctostaphylos
edmundsii
l ittle-leaved h uckleberry - Vaccinium
scoparium
l ittle-leaved palo verde - Cercidium
microphyllum
Livermore tarplant Deinandra bacigalupi
-
l ivid sedge - Carex livida
Lobb's aquatic buttercup - Ranunculus lobbii
lobed ground-cherry - Physalis lobata
 APPENDIX IV:
Loch Lomond button-celery - Eryngium
constancei
Loma Prieta hoita - Hoita strobilina
Lompoc ceanothus - Ceanothus cuneatus var.
fascicularis
Lompoc yerba santa - Eriodictyon capitatum
long bluebells - Mertensia longiflora
Long Valley m i l k-vetch Astragalusjohannis­
- Marin manzanita - Arctostaphylos virgata
howellii
l ong-haired star-tu lip - Calochortus
longebarbatus var. longebarbatus
long-leaved starwort - Stellaria longifolia
long-petaled lewisia - Lewisia longipetala
long-spined spi neflower - Chorizanthe
polygonoides var. longispina
long-stiped cam pion - Silene occidentalis ssp.
longistipitata
long-stoloned sedge - Carex inops ssp. inops
Los Angeles sunflower Helianthus nuttallii
- marsh arrow-grass - Triglochin palustris
ssp. parishii
Lost H i l ls crownscale - Atriplex vallicola
lost thistle - Cirsium praeteriens
low bush mon keyflower - Mimulus aridus
Lyall's tonestus - Tonestus !ya/Iii
Lyngbye's sedge -
Carex lyngbyei
Lyon's pentachaeta Pentachaeta lyonii
- marsh pea Lathyrus palustris
M ac Dougal's lomati u m Lomatium -
foeniculaceum var. macdougalii
M acoun's buttercup - Ranunculus macounii
M adera li nanthus - Linanthus serrulatus
maidenhair spleenwort - Asplenium
trichomanes ssp. trichomanes
male fern - Dryopteris filix-mas
Malibu baccharis - Baccharis malibuensis
Mallory's manzanita Arctostaphylos malloryi
- marshii
many-flowered navarretia - Navarretia
leucocephala ssp. plieantha
many-flowered phacelia - Phacelia floribunda
many-flowered schku h ria - Schkuhria
multiflora var. multiflora
many-flowered thelypod i u m - Thelypodium
milleflorum
many-headed malacothrix - Malacothrix
foliosa ssp. polycephala
many-ste m m ed d u d l eya - Dudleya multicaulis
maple-leaved checkerbloom - Sidalcea
malachroides
Marble Mou ntain cam pion - Silene
marmorensis
marble rockmat Petrophyton caespitosum
- Mecca-aster - Xylorhiza cognata
ssp. acuminatum
marbled wild-ginger - Asarum marmoratum
marcescent d u d leya Dudleya cymosa ssp.
- Mendocino coast I ndian paintbrush -
marcescens
P LA N TS BY C O M M O N N A M E
M ari n checker l i ly - Fritillaria lanceolata var.
tristulis
Marin checkerbloom - Sidalcea hickmanii ssp.
viridis
Marin County navarretia - Navarretia
rosulata
Marin knotweed Polygonum marinense
- Merced monardella Monardella leucocephala
Marin western flax - Hesperolinon congestum
Mariposa clarkia - Clarkia biloba ssp.
australis
Mariposa cryptantha - Cryptantha mariposae
M ariposa d aisy - Erigeron mariposanus
Mariposa l u pi n e - Lupinus citrinus var.
deflexus
Mariposa p ussypaws - Calyptridium
pulchellum
maritim e ceanoth us - Ceanothus maritimus
marsh checkerbloom Sida/cea oregana ssp.
- Miles's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus didymocarpus
hydrophila
marsh claytonia - Claytonia palustris
marsh hedge nettle - Stachys palustris ssp.
pilosa
marsh horseta i l - Equisetum palustre
marsh m icroseris - Microseris paludosa
- modest rock cress - Arabis modesta
marsh sandwort - Arenaria paludicola
marsh sku I I cap - Seutel/aria galericulata
marsh violet Viola palustris
- Modoc County knotweed - Polygonum
marsh wil lowherb - Epilobium palustre
marsh zigadenus - Zigadenus micranthus var.
fontanus
M arshall's gooseberry - Ribes marshal/ii
M arsh's blue grass Poa abbreviata ssp.
- plagiotoma
M asonic Mountain jewel-flower -
Streptanthus oliganthus
M asonic rock cress - Arabis cobrensis
M ason's ceanoth us - Ceanothus masonii
M ason's li laeopsis - Li/aeopsis masonii
M ason's n eststraw - Stylocline masonii
M ason's sky pi lot - Polemonium chartaceum
M ayacamas popcorn-flower Plagiobothrys
- Monarch gilia - Ciliayorkii
lithocaryus
McDonald's rock cress - Arabis
macdonaldiana
McGee Meadows lupine - Lupinus magnificus
var. hesperius
m eadow sedge - Carex praticola
Mendocino bush mallow - Malacothamnus
mendocinensis
Castilleja mendocinensis
361
Mendocino gentian - Gentiana setigera
Mendocino tarplant - Hemizonia congesta
ssp. calyculata
Menzies's wallflower - Erysimum menziesii
ssp. menziesii
Merced clarkia - Clarkia lingulata
-
Merced phacelia - Phacelia ciliata var. opaca
mesa horkelia - Horkelia cuneata ssp. puberula
mesq uite neststraw - Stylocline sonorensis
Metcalf Canyon jewel-flower - Streptanthus
albidus ssp. albidus
Mexican flannelbush - Fremontodendron
mexicanum
Mexican h u lsea - Hu/sea mexicana
Mexican m osq u ito fern - Azolla mexicana
M ichael's rein orchid - Piperia michaelii
Mildred's clarkia - Clarkia mildrediae ssp.
mildrediae
var. milesianus
Milo Baker's l u pine - Lupinus milo-bakeri
M i n eral King d raba - Draba cruciata
M i ngan m oonwort - Botrychium minganense
Mission Canyon bl uecup - Githopsis diffusa
ssp. filicaulis
Modoc bedstraw - Galium glabrescens ssp.
modocense
polygaloides ssp. esotericum
Mojave fish-hook cactus Sclerocactus
-
polyancistrus
Moj ave I nd ian paintbrush - Castilleja
Mojave ind igo-bush - Psorothamnus
arborescens var. arborescens
Mojave m i l kweed - Asclepias nyctaginifolia
Mojave m o n keyflower - Mimulus mohavensis
Mojave phacelia - Phacelia mohavensis
Mojave spike-moss - Selaginella leucobryoides
Mojave spineflower - Chorizanthe spinosa
Mojave tarplant - Deinandra mohavensis
Monarch golden-aster - Heterotheca
monarchensis
Mono Cou nty phacelia - Phacelia monoensis
Mono Hot Springs eveni ng-pri mrose -
Camissonia sierrae ssp. alticola
Mono Lake lu pine - Lupin us duranii
Mono m i l k-vetch - Astragalus monoensis var.
monoens1s
Mono ragwort - Senecio pattersonensis
Montara m anzanita Arctostaphylos
-
montaraensis
362
Monterey ceanothus - Ceanothus cuneatus
var. rigidus
Monterey clover - Trifolium trichoca!yx
Monterey cypress - Cupressus macrocarpa
Monterey Ind ian pai ntbrush Castilleja-
latifolia
Monterey manzan ita - Arctostaphylos
montereyensis
Monterey pine - Pinus radiata
Monterey spi neflower - Chorizanthe pungens
var. pungens
Morefield's cinquefoi l - Potentilla morefieldii
Moreno currant - Ribes canthariforme
Mormon need le grass - Achnatherum aridum
Morrison's jewel-flower - Streptanthus
morrisonii ssp. morrisonii
Morro manzanita Arctostaphylos morroensis
- hookeri ssp. montana
Mosq u i n's clarkia Clarkia mosquinii
- Mt. Tamalpais thistle Cirsium hydrophilum
m oss gentian Gentiana fremontii
- var. vaseyi
m oss phlox - Phlox muscoides
m ost beautifu l jewel-flower Streptanthus
-
albidus ssp. peramoenus
mound d raba - Draba subumbellata
Mount Lagu na aster - Machaeranthera
asteroides var. lagunensis
m ou ntain bent grass - Agrostis humilis
m ou ntain hair grass - Deschampsia
atropurpurea
mou ntain lady's-slipper Cypripedium
-
montanum
mou ntain oxytrope - Oxytropis oreophila var.
oreophila
m ou ntain phacelia - Phacelia orogenes
Mountain Spri ngs bush lupine - Lupinus
excubitus var. medius
mouse buckwheat Eriogonum nudum var.
- M u nz's sage Salvia munzii
murinum
Mt. Diablo bird 's-beak - Cordylanthus
nidularius
Mt. Diablo buckwheat - Eriogonum truncatum
Mt. Diablo cottonweed - Micropus
amphibolus
Mt. Diablo fairy-lantern - Calochortus
pulchellus
Mt. Diablo jewel-flower Streptanthus
- Napa false ind igo - Amorpha californica var.
hispidus
Mt. Diablo manzan ita - Arctostaphylos
auriculata
Mt. Diablo phace l ia - Phacelia phacelioides
Mt. Eddy buckwheat Eriogonum umbellatum
- Brodiaea californica var. leptandra
var. humistratum
Mt. Eddy draba - Draba carnosula
Mt. Eddy l u p i n e - Lupinus lapidicola
Mt. G leason I ndian pai ntbrush Castilleja-
gleasonii
A P P E N D I X I V : P LA N T S B Y C O M M O N NAME
Mt. Hami lton coreopsis - Coreopsis hamiltonii narrow-leaved water-plantain Alisma -
Mt. Hami lton jewel-flower - Streptanthus gramineum
callistus narrow-leaved yerba santa Eriodictyon
-
Mt. Hami lton lomati u m - Lomatium angustifolium
observatorium narrow-petaled rei n orchid - Piperia
Mt. Hami lton th istle - Cirsium fontinale var. leptopetala
campy/on narrow-seeded yampah - Perideridia
Mt. Pinos larkspur Delphinium parryi ssp.
- leptocarpa
purpureum Nelson's evening-pri m rose - Camissonia
Mt. Pi nos onion - Allium howellii var. clokeyi mmor
Mt. Saint Helena morni ng-glory - Calystegia Nevada daisy - Erigeron nevadincola
collina ssp. oxyphylla Nevada l u p i n e Lupinus nevadensis
-
Mt. Shasta arnica - Amica viscosa Nevada n i nebark - Physocarpus alternans
Mt. Tamalpais jewel-flower - Streptanthus Nevada onion - Allium nevadense
glandulosus ssp. pulchellus Nevada oryctes - Oryctes nevadensis
Mt. Tamalpais manzanita Arctostaphylos - Nevada wormwood Iva nevadensis
-
Nevi n 's barberry - Berberis nevinii
- Nevi n's gi lia - Cilia nevinii
Nevi n 's woolly sunflower - Eriophyllum nevinii
Mt. Tedoc l i nanthus - Linanthus nuttallii ssp. New Mexico locust Robinia neomexicana
-
howellii New York Mountai ns cryptantha -
Mt. Vision ceanoth us Ceanothus gloriosus
-
Cryptantha tumulosa
var. porrectus Newberry's cinq uefoil Potentilla newberryi
-
Mt. Whitney d raba - Draba sharsmithii Newberry's velvet-mal low - Horsfordia
m u d nama Nama stenocarpum
-
newberryi
M u i r's tarplant Carlquistia muirii
-
N i les's harmonia - Harmonia doris-nilesiae
m u nchkin d u d l eya - Dudleya gnoma N i n e M i l e Canyon phacel ia Phacelia
-
M u n roe's d esert mal low - Sphaeralcea novenmillensis
munroana n i n e-awned pappus grass - Enneapogon
M u nz's bedstraw - Galium munzii desvauxii
M u nz's cholla - Opuntia munzii N i pomo Mesa lupine - Lupinus nipomensis
M u nz's iris Iris munzii
- Nissenan manzan ita - Arctostaphylos
Mu nz's mari posa li ly - Calochortus palmeri nissenana
var. munz11 nodding buckwheat - Eriogonum nutans var.
M u nz's onion - Allium munzii nutans
- nodding harmonia - Harmonia nutans
M u nz's tidy-tips Layia munzii
- nodding semaphore grass - Pleuropogon
naked m i l k-vetch Astragalus serenoi var.
- refractus
shockleyi North Coast phacelia - Phacelia insularis var.
naked-ste m m ed daisy - Enceliopsis nudicaulis continentis
var. nudicaulis North Coast semaphore grass - Pleuropogon
naked-stem m ed phacel ia - Phacelia hooverianus
gymnoclada northern adder's-tongue - Ophioglossum
Napa blue grass - Poa napensis pusillum
northern bugleweed Lycopus uniflorus
-
napensis Northern California black wal nut -Jug/ans
N apa lomati u m - Lomatium repostum hindsii
N apa western flax - Hesperolinon serpentinum northern Channel Islands phacelia -
narrow-anthered Californ ia brodiaea - Phacelia insularis var. insularis
northern clarkia - Clarkia borealis ssp. borealis
narrow-leaved cottonwood Populus - northern cl ustered sedge - Carex arcta
angustifolia northern coralroot - Corallorhiza trifida
narrow-leaved daisy - Erigeron angustatus northern d aisy - Trimorpha acris var. debilis
narrow-leaved psorotham nus - northern l i m estone buckwheat - Eriogonum
Psorothamnus fremontii var. attenuatus microthecum var. alpinum
 APPENDIX IV:
northern m icroseris Microseris borealis
- Oregon fireweed - Epilobium oreganum
northern Sierra daisy - Erigeron petrophilus
var. s1errens1s
northern spleenwort - Asplenium septentrionale
northwestern moonwort - Botrychium
pinnatum
notch-beaked m i l kwort - Polygala
heterorhyncha
Nuttall's island bedstraw - Galium nuttallii
ssp. insulare
Nuttal l 's lotus - Lotus nuttallianus
N uttall's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus nuttallii var.
nuttallii
Nuttal l's pondweed - Potamogeton epihydrus
ssp. nuttallii
N u ttall's saxifrage - Saxifraga nuttallii
Nuttall's scrub oak - Quercus dumosa
Oakland star-tu l i p - Calochortus umbellatus
oak-leaved nemophila - Nemophila parviflora
var. quercifo/ia
Obispo I n d ian pai ntbrush - Castilleja
densiflora ssp. obispoensis
obtuse starwort - Stellaria obtusa
ocellated H u m boldt l i ly - Lilium humboldtii
ssp. ocellatum
ochre-flowered buckwheat - Eriogonum
ochrocephalum var. ochrocephalum
oil neststraw - Stylocline citroleum
Ojai friti llary - Fritillaria ojaiensis
Olancha Peak buckwheat - Eriogonum
wrightii var. olanchense
one-sided mon keyflower - Mimulus
subsecundus
Onyx Peak bedstraw - Galium angustifolium
ssp. onycense
opposite-leaved lewisia Lewisia oppositifolia
-
orange lupine Lupinus citrinus var. citrinus
-
Orcutt's bird's-beak - Cordylanthus
orcuttianus
Orcutt's brod iaea - Brodiaea orcuttii
Orcutt's d u d leya Dudleya attenuata ssp.
-
I
orcuttii
Orcutt's hazard i a Hazardia orcuttii
-
Orcutt's l i nanthus - Linanthus orcuttii
Orcutt's pincushion - Chaenactis glabriuscula
var. orcuttiana
Orcutt's spineflower Chorizanthe orcuttiana
-
Orcutt's woody-aster Xylorhiza orcuttii
-
oreganillo - Aloysia wrightii
Oregon bedstraw - Galium oreganum
Oregon bleed ing heart - Dicentra formosa
ssp. oregana
Oregon cam pion - Silene oregana
Oregon coast I nd ian paintbrush - Castilleja
affinis ssp. litoralis
P LA N TS BY C O M M O N NAME
Oregon l u ngwort - Mertensia be/la
Oregon meconella Meconella oregana
- album
Oregon rock cress - Arabis oregana
Orleans i ris - Iris tenax ssp. klamathensis
ornate d alea - Dalea ornata
Orocopia sage - Salvia greatae
Oso manzan ita - Arctostaphylos osoensis
Otay manzanita - Arctostaphylos otayensis
Otay M esa m int - Pogogyne nudiuscula
Otay Mou ntain ceanothus - Ceanothus
otayensis
Otay Mountain lotus - Lotus crassifolius var.
otayensis
Otay tarplant Deinandra conjugens
- Parish's gooseberry - Ribes divaricatum var.
oval-leaved snapdragon - Antirrhinum
ovatum
oval-leaved viburn u m - Viburnum ellipticum
Owens Peak lomati u m - Lomatium shevockii
Owens Valley checkerbloom - Sida/cea covillei
Owyhee ivesia - lvesia baileyi var. beneolens
Pacific gi lia - Cilia capitata ssp. pacifica
Pacific Grove clover - Trifolium polyodon
Pacific si lver fir - Abies amabilis
Pajaro manzan ita - Arctostaphylos pajaroensis
pale yellow stonecrop - Sedum /axum ssp.
f/avidum
pale-yellow layia - Layia heterotricha
pallid bird 's-beak - Cordylanthus tenuis ssp.
pallescens
pallid manzanita - Arctostaphylos pa/Iida
palmate-bracted bird's-beak - Cordylanthus
palmatus
Palmer's fran ke n i a - Frankenia palmeri
Palmer's golden bush - Ericameria palmeri
ssp. palmeri
Palmer's grapp l i nghook - Harpagonella
palmeri
Palmer's mari posa lily - Calochortus palmeri
var. palmeri
Palmer's monard e l la - Monardella palmeri
Palmer's spineflower - Chorizanthe palmeri
Palomar mon keyflower - Mimulus diffusus
Panamint daisy - Enceliopsis covillei
Panamint dud leya - Dudleya saxosa ssp. saxosa
Panamint mari posa l ily - Calochortus
panamintensis
Panamint Mou ntains bedstraw Galium-
hilendiae ssp. carneum
Panamint Mou ntains buckwheat - Peirson's morn ing-glory - Calystegia peirsonii
Eriogonum microthecum var. panamintense
Panam i nt Mou ntains l u p i n e - Lupinus
magnificus var. magnificus
Panamint rock-goldenrod - Chrysothamnus
gramineus
363
panicu late tarplant - Deinandra paniculata
Panoche pepper-grass - Lepidiumjaredii ssp.
pansy mon keyflower Mimulus pulchellus
-
Parish's alkali grass - Puccinellia parishii
Parish's a l u m root - Heuchera parishii
Parish's brittlescale - Atriplex parishii
Parish's bush mallow Malacothamnus
-
parishii
Parish's chaenactis - Chaenactis parishii
Parish's checkerbloom - Sidalcea hickmanii
ssp. parishii
Parish's daisy - Erigeron parishii
Parish's desert-thorn Lycium parishii
-
parishii
Parish's m eadowfoam - Limnanthes gracilis
ssp. parishii
Parish's onion - Allium parishii
Parish's phacel ia - Phacelia parishii
Parish's popcorn-flower Plagiobothrys
-
parishii
Parish's rock cress - Arabis parishii
Parish's rupertia - Rupertia rigida
Parish's yam pah - Perideridia parishii ssp.
parishii
Parry's horkelia - Horkelia parryi
Parry's mon keyflower Mimulus parryi
-
Parry's oxytrope - Oxytropis parryi
Parry's sedge - Carex parryana var. ha/Iii
Parry's spineflower - Chorizanthe parryi var.
parryi
Parry's spurge - Chamaesyce parryi
Parry's sunflower Hu/sea vestita ssp. parryi
-
Parry's tetracoccus - Tetracoccus dioicus
Parry's townsendia - Townsendia parryi
parsnip-flowered buckwheat - Eriogonum
heracleoides var. heracleoides
Paso Robles navarretia - Navarretiajaredii
Patterson's blue grass - Poa abbreviata ssp.
pattersonii
Payson 's jewel-fl ower - Caulanthus simulans
Peanut sandwort - Minuartia rosei
Pecho manzanita Arctostaphylos pechoensis
-
Peck's lomati u m Lomatium peckianum
-
Peck's san icle - Sanicula peckiana
Peirson's l u p i n e - Lupinus peirsonii
Peirson's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus magdalenae
var. peirsonii
Peirson's phacelia - Phacelia peirsoniana
Peirson's pincushion - Chaenactis carphoclinia
var. peirsonii
Peirson's spri ng beauty - Claytonia lanceolata
var. peirsonii
364 A P P E N D I X IV:
Peirson's tonestus - Tonestus peirsonii
Pendleton button-celery - Eryngium
pendletonensis
pendulous b u l rush Scirpus pendulus
- plains stoneseed - Lithosperrnurn incisurn
Pen insu lar manzanita - Arctostaphylos
peninsularis ssp. peninsularis
Pen i nsu lar spineflower Chorizanthe
- playa phacelia - Phacelia inundata
leptotheca
Pennel l's bird 's-beak Cordylanthus tenuis
- clavatus var. avius
ssp. capillaris
perennial goldfields - Lasthenia rnacrantha
ssp. rnacrantha
Petal u m a popcorn-flower - Plagiobothrys
rnollis var. vestitus
Phil brick's malacothrix - Malacothrix foliosa
ssp. philbrickii
Pickering's ivesia - lvesia pickeringii
Pierpoint Spri ngs dudleya - Dudleya cyrnosa
ssp. costafolia
Pilot Ridge fawn l i ly - Erythroniurn taylorii
pincushion navarretia - Navarretia rnyersii
ssp. rnyersii
Pine City sed u m - Sedurn pinetorurn
Pine Creek even i ng-pri m rose Carnissonia
- Point Reyes c heckerbloom - Sidalcea calycosa
boothii ssp. alyssoides
pine friti l lary - Fritillaria pinetorurn
pine gil i a Cilia leptantha ssp. pinetorurn
- Point Reyes meadowfoam - Lirnnanthes
pine green-gentian - Swertia neglecta
Pine H i l l ceanoth us - Ceanothus roderickii
Pine H i l l flan nelbush - Fremontodendron
decurnbens
pine pyrrocoma - Pyrrocorna racernosa var.
pinetorurn
pine rose - Rosa pinetorum
pink creamsacs - Castilleja rubicundula ssp.
rubicundula
pink sand-verbena - Abronia urnbellata ssp.
breviflora
pink velvet-mal low - Horsfordia alata
Pin nacles buckwheat - Eriogonurn nortonii
pin nate-leaved gi lia - Cilia sinistra ssp.
pinnatisecta
pi nyon beardtongue - Pensternon scapoides
pi nyon rock cress - Arabis dispar
Pinzl's rock cress - Arabis pinzlae
Pi per's blue grass - Poa piperi
Pismo clarkia - C!arkia speciosa ssp. irnrnaculata
Pitkin Marsh I ndian pai ntbrush - Castilleja
uliginosa
Pitkin M arsh l i ly - Liliurn pardalinurn ssp.
pitkinense
Pi ute cypress - Cupressus arizonica ssp.
nevadensis
Pi ute Mountai ns j ewel-flower - Streptanthus
cordatus var. piutensis
P LA N TS BY C O M M O N N A M E
Pi ute Mountains navarretia Navarretia - pu ngent glossopetalon - Clossopetalon
setiloba
plains bee blam - Monarda pectinata
playa m i l k-vetch - Astragalus allochrous var.
playanus
Pleasant Valley mari posa li ly Calochortus
- purple
Plu mas ivesia - lvesia sericoleuca
Plummer's baccharis - Baccharis plurnrnerae
ssp. plummerae
Plummer's clover Trifoliurn f!)'rnnocarpon var.
- purple stemod ia - Sternodia durantifo/ia
plurnmerae
Plum mer's mari posa l i ly - Calochortus
plurnmerae
Plum mer's woodsia - Woodsia plumrnerae
Point Reyes bird 's-beak - Cordylanthus
rnaritimus ssp. palustris
Poi nt Reyes blennosperma - Blennosperma
nanum var. robusturn
Point Reyes ceanothus - Ceanothus gloriosus
var. gloriosus
ssp. rhizornata
Point Reyes horkelia - Horkelia rnarinensis
douglasii ssp. sulphurea
poi nted broom sedge - Carex scoparia
Poison Canyon stickseed - Hackelia brevicula
potbellied spineflower - Chorizanthe ventricosa
prairie wedge grass Sphenopholis obtusata
- stanfordiana ssp. raichei
Presidio clarkia C!arkia franciscana
- Raiche's red ribbons - C!arkia concinna ssp.
Presidio manzanita - Arctostaphylos hookeri
ssp. ravenii
Preuss's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus preussii var.
preussii
pride-of-Cal ifornia Lathyrus splendens
- Ramshaw Meadows abronia - Abronia
Pri ngle's monardella - Monardella pringlei
profuse-flowered pogogyne - Pogof!)'ne
floribunda
prostrate buckwheat - Eriogonurn prociduurn
prostrate navarretia - Navarretia prostrata
protru d i ng buckwheat - Eriogonurn nudum
var. indicturn
Provid ence Mou ntains lotus - Lotus
arf!)'raeus var. notitius
Providence Mou ntains m i l k-vetch -
Astragalus nutans
Pt. Reyes rein orchid - Piperia elegans ssp.
decurtata
pu bescent needle grass - Achnatherurn
lernrnonii var. pubescens
Pulsifer's m i l k-vetch Astragalus pulsiferae
-
var. pulsiferae
pungens
Purdy's friti llary - Friti/laria purdyi
Purdy's onion - Alliurn firnbriaturn var. purdyi
pu rple amole - Chlorogalurn purpureurn var.
purpureurn
purple bird 's-beak - Cordylanthus parviflorus
m i l k-vetch - Astragalus agrestis
purple monkeyflower - Mirnulus purpureus
purple mountain-parsley - Oreonana
purpurascens
purple onion grass - Melica spectabilis
purple-flowered Washi ngton l i ly - Liliurn
washingtonianurn ssp. purpurascens
purple-stem med checkerbloom - Sidalcea
rnalvif/ora ssp. purpurea
pygmy cypress Cupressus goveniana ssp.
-
pigmaea
pygmy gentian - Centiana prostrata
pygmy h u lsea - Hu/sea vestita ssp. pygrnaea
pygmy l i nanth us - Linanthus pygrnaeus ssp.
pygrnaeus
pygmy lotus - Lotus haydonii
pygmy manzan ita Arctostaphylos
-
rnendocinoensis
pygmy poppy Canbya candida
-
pyrola-leaved buckwheat - Eriogonum
pyrolifoliurn var. pyrolifoliurn
Qui ncy l u p i n e Lupinus dalesiae
-
Raiche's manzanita - Arctostaphylos
raichei
Rai n bow manzanita - Arctostaphylos
rainbowensis
Ram ona horkelia - Horkelia truncata
alpina
Rattan 's cryptantha Cryptantha rattanii
-
Rattan 's l i nanth us - Linanthus rattanii
Rattan 's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus rattanii var.
rattanii
rattlesnake fern - Botrychiurn virginianurn
Raven's lomati u m - Lornatiurn ravenii
Raven's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus rnonoensis var.
ravenii
Rawh ide H i l l onion - Alliurn tuolurnnense
rayless layia - Layia discoidea
rayless mou ntain ragwort - Senecio indecorus
rayless ragwort - Senecio aphanactis
recu rved larkspur - Delphinium recurvatum
Red Bluff dwarf rush - juncus leiosperrnus var.
leiosperrnus
red fou r o'clock - Mirabilis coccinea
 APPEN D I X IV:
red grama - Bouteloua trifida
Red H ills ragwort - Senecio clevelandii var.
heterophyllus
Red H i l l s soaproot - Chlorogalum
grandif/orum
Red M o u ntain catch fly - Silene campanulata
ssp. campanulata
Red Mountain stonecrop - Sedum
eastwoodiae
Red Rock poppy - Eschscholzia minutif/ora
ssp. twisselmannii
Red Rock tarplant - Oeinandra arida
red sand-verbena - Abronia maritima
red-anthered rush -juncus marginatus var.
marginatus
red-fl owered buckwheat - Eriogonum grande
var. rubescens
red-flowered lotus - Lotus rubriflorus
redwood l i ly - Lilium rubescens
Refugio manzanita Arctostaphylos
- rusty saxifrage Saxifraga rufidula
refugioensis
Regel's rush - juncus regelii
resin birch - Betula pumila var. glandulifera
Reveal's buckwheat Eriogonum contiguum
- sagebrush bl uebells Mertensia oblongifolia
revol ute spurge - Chamaesyce revoluta
ribbed cryptantha - Cryptantha costata
rigid pea Lathyrus rigidus
- var. artemisiarum
Ri ncon manzan ita - Arctostaphylos
stanfordiana ssp. decumbens
Rincon Ridge ceanothus - Ceanothus confusus
Ripley's gi l i a - Cilia ripleyi
Robbi ns's pondweed - Potamogeton robbinsii
Robinson's pepper-grass - Lepidium
virginicum var. robinsonii
Robison's m onardella Monardella robisonii
- Salmon Mou ntains wakerobin - Trillium
robust daisy - Erigeron decumbens var.
robustior
robust false l u p i n e - Thermopsis robusta
robust Hoffman n's buckwheat - Eriogonum
hoffmannii var. robustius
robust monardella - Monardella vi/losa ssp.
globosa
robust spineflower Chorizanthe robusta var.
- angustifolium ssp. gabrielense
robusta
Rock Creek broo m rape - Orobanche valida
ssp. valida
rock d raba Draba corrugata var. saxosa
- lentiginosus var. antonius
rock goldenrod Petradoria pumila ssp.
- San Ben ito eveni ng-pri m rose Camissonia-
pumila
rock lady - Maurandya petrophila
rock monardella - Monarde/la viridis ssp.
saxicola
rock nettle Eucnide rupestris
- San Benito poppy - Eschscholzia hypecoides
rock sandwort - Arenaria lanuginosa ssp. saxosa
rock sanicle - Sanicula saxatilis
P LA N TS BY C O M M O N N A M E
Rocky Mou ntain spike-moss - Selagine/la
densa var. scopulorum
Roderick's friti l lary - Fritillaria roderickii
rose li nanthus - Linanthus rosaceus
rose-mal low Hibiscus lasiocarpus
- S a n Bernardino gi lia - Cilia leptantha ssp.
rosy two-toned beardtongue - Penstemon
bicolor ssp. roseus
rosy-petal led cliffbush - jamesia americana
var. rosea
rough harebel l Campanula scabrella
- Dudleya abramsii ssp. affinis
rou nd-headed beaked-rush - Rhynchospora
globularis var. globularis
rou nd-headed chi nese houses - Collinsia
corymbosa
rou nd-leaved filaree Erodium macrophyllum
- San Bernard ino ragwort - Senecio
ru n n ing-pine - Lycopodium clavatum
Rusby's desert-mallow Sphaeralcea rusbyi
-
var. eremicola
rush-l i ke bristleweed Machaeranthera juncea
-
-
Sacramento Orcutt grass - Orcuttia viscida
saffron-flowered l u pine - Lupinus croceus var.
pilose/Ius
-
var. oblongifolia
sagebrush loefl i ngia Loeflingia squarrosa
-
saguaro Carnegiea gigantea
-
Sai nt's daisy - Erigeron sanctarum
Sali nas m i l k-vetch Astragalus macrodon
-
Sali nas Valley goldfields - Lasthenia lepta/ea
saline clover - Trifolium depauperatum var.
hydrophilum
Saline Valley phacel ia - Phacelia amabilis
ovatum ssp. oettingeri
salt marsh bird 's-beak Cordylanthus
-
maritimus ssp. maritimus
salt spring checkerbloom Sidalcea -
neomexicana
Salton m i l k-vetch Astragalus crotalariae
-
San Antonio Canyon bedstraw Calium
San Antonio H i lls monardella - Monardella
antonina ssp. antonina
San Antonio m i l k-vetch - Astragalus
benitensis
San Ben ito friti llary - Fritillaria viridea
San Ben ito m onardella - Monardella antonina
ssp. benitensis
San Ben ito spineflower - Chorizanthe biloba
var. immemora
365
San Benito thorn-mint - Acanthomintha
obovata ssp. obovata
San Bernard i n o blue grass - Poa
atropurpurea
leptantha
San Bernard i n o Mountai ns bladderpod -
Lesquerella kingii ssp. bernardina
San Bernard ino Mountains dudleya -
San Bernardi no Mountains monkeyflower -
Mimulus exiguus
San Bernard i n o Mountains owl's-clover -
Castilleja lasiorhyncha
bernardinus
San Bernard ino rock cress - Arabis breweri
var. pecuniaria
San Bru no Mou ntain manzanita -
Arctostaphylos imbricata
San Clemente Island bedstraw Calium -
cata/inense ssp. acrispum
San Clemente I sland bird's-foot trefoil -
Lotus argophyllus var. adsurgens
San Clemente Island brodiaea - Brodiaea
kinkiensis
San Clem ente Island buckwheat Eriogonum -
giganteum var. formosum
San Clemente Island bush mal low -
Malacothamnus clementinus
San Clemente Island eveni ng-primrose -
Camissonia guadalupensis ssp. clementina
San Clemente Island hazard ia - Hazardia
cana
San Clemente Island I ndian pai ntbrush -
Castilleja grisea
San Clemente Island larkspur Delphinium
-
variegatum ssp. kinkiense
San Clemente Island lotus - Lotus
dendroideus var. traskiae
San Clemente Island m i l k-vetch Astragalus
-
-
nev1n11
San Clemente Island triteleia - Triteleia
clementina
San Clemente Island woodland star -
Lithophragma maximum
San Diego ambrosia - Ambrosia pumila
San Diego barrel cactus - Ferocactus
viridescens
San Diego bur-sage - Ambrosia
chenopodiifolia
San D iego button-celery - Eryngium aristulatum
var. parishii
San Diego County alumroot - Heuchera
rubescens var. versicolor
 366 A P P E N D I X IV:
San D iego County needle grass -
Achnatherum diegoense
San Diego County vigu iera - Viguiera
laciniata
San D iego goldenstar Mui/la develandii
- San J oaq u i n bluecurls - Trichostema ovatum
San Diego gu m plant - Grindelia hirsutula var.
ha/Iii
San Diego marsh-elder - Iva hayesiana
San Diego mesa m i nt - Pogogyne abramsii
San Diego m i l k-vetch - Astragalus oocarpus
San Diego sagewort - Artemisia palmeri
San Diego sand aster - Corethrogyne
filaginifolia var. incana
San Diego sunflower - Hu/sea californica
San Diego thorn-mint - Acanthomintha
ilicifolia
San Feli pe monardella - Monardella nana ssp.
leptosiphon
San Fernando Valley spineflower -
Chorizanthe parryi var. fernandina
San Francisco Bay spineflower - Chorizanthe
cuspidata var. cuspidata
San Francisco cam pion - Silene verecunda
ssp. verecunda
San Francisco col li nsia - Collinsia multicolor
San Francisco gum plant Grindelia hirsutula
- San Luis Obispo wallflower - Erysimum
var. maritima
San Francisco lessi ngia - Lessingia
germanorum
San Francisco owl's-clover Triphysaria
- San Mateo tree lupine Lupinus eximius
floribunda
San Francisco popcorn-flower -
Plagiobothrys diffusus
San Francisco wal l flower - Erysimum
franciscanum
San Gabriel bedstraw Galium grande
- dendroideus var. veatchii
San Gabriel li nanthus - Linanthus concinnus
San Gabriel manzan ita - Arctostaphylos
gabrielensis
San Gabriel Mou ntains dud leya Dudleya -
densiflora
San Gabriel M ou ntai ns su nflower - Hu/sea
vestita ssp. gabrielensis
San Gabriel oak Quercus durata var.
- San N icolas Island lomatium - Lomatium
gabrielensis
San Gabriel River d u d leya - Dudleya cymosa
ssp. crebrifolia
San J acinto beardtongue Penstemon
- San born's onion - Allium sanbornii var.
develandii var. connatus
San Jaci nto Mou ntains bedstraw - Galium
angustifolium ssp. jacinticum
San J aci nto Mountains d aisy - Erigeron
breweri var. jacinteus
San Jaci nto prickly ph lox - Leptodactylon
jaegeri
P LA N TS B Y C O M M O N N A M E
San Jaci nto Valley crownscale - Atriplex
coronata var. notatior
San Joaq u i n adobe sun burst - Pseudobahia
peirsonii
San J oaq u i n spearscale - Atriplexjoaquiniana
San Joaq u i n Valley Orcutt grass - Orcuttia
inaequalis
San J oaq u i n woollythreads - Monolopia
congdonii
San Lu is mariposa l i ly - Calochortus
obispoensis
San Luis Obispo County bush mal low - Santa Barbara Island buckwheat -
Malacothamnus niveus
San Lu is Obispo Cou nty l u p i n e - Lupinus
ludovicianus
San Luis Obispo d u d leya - Dudleya abramsii
ssp. murina
San Lu is Obispo mari posa l i ly - Calochortus
simulans
San Luis Obispo monardella - Monardella
frutescens
San Lu is Obispo sedge Carex obispoensis
- Santa Catal ina figwort - Scrophularia villosa
San Luis Obispo serpenti ne d u d leya - Santa Catali na Island bedstraw - Galium
Dudleya abramsii ssp. bettinae
capitatum ssp. lompocense
San M ateo thorn-mint - Acanthomintha
duttonii
- Santa Catali n a Island desert-thorn - Lycium
San M ateo woolly su nflower - Eriophyllum
latilobum
San M iguel Island bedstraw - Galium
californicum ssp. miguelense
San M iguel Island deerweed - Lotus
San M iguel Island m i l k-vetch - Astragalus
miguelensis
San M iguel savory - Satureja chandleri
San N icolas Island buckwheat - Eriogonum
grande var. timorum
San N icolas Island desert-thorn - Lycium
verrucosum
insulare
San Si meon baccharis Baccharis plummerae
- Santa Cruz cypress - Cupressus abramsiana
ssp. glabrata
sanbornii
sand almond - Prunus fasciculata var.
punctata
sand d u n e phacelia Phacelia argentea
-
sand eveni ng-pri m rose Camissonia arenaria
- conchuliferus
sand food - Pholisma sonorae
sand gilia - Cilia tenuiflora ssp. arenaria
sand mesa manzan ita - Arctostaphylos rudis
sand pea - Lathyrusjaponicus
sand mat manzanita Arctostaphylos pumila
-
Sanford's arrowhead - Sagittaria sanfordii
san icle cymopterus Cymopterus ripleyi var.
-
saniculoides
Santa Ana River wool lystar - Eriastrum
densifolium ssp. sanctorum
Santa Barbara bedstraw - Galium
diftonsmithii
Santa Barbara honeysuckle - Lonicera
subspicata var. subspicata
Eriogonum giganteum var. compactum
Santa Barbara Island cream cups -
Platystemon californicus var. ciliatus
Santa Barbara Island d u d leya - Dudleya
traskiae
Santa Barbara jewel-flower - Caulanthus
amplexicaulis var. barbarae
Santa Barbara m orni ng-glory Calystegia
-
sepium ssp. binghamiae
catalinense ssp. catalinense
Santa Catal ina Island buckwheat -
Eriogonum giganteum var. giganteum
Santa Catali na Island currant - Ribes
viburnifolium
brevipes var. hassei
Santa Catal ina Island i ronwood -
Lyonothamnus floribundus ssp. floribundus
Santa Catalina Island manzan ita -
Arctostaphylos catalinae
Santa Catal ina Island mon keyflower -
Mimulus traskiae
Santa Clara red ribbons - Clarkia concinna
ssp. automixa
Santa Clara thorn-mint - Acanthomintha
lanceolata
Santa Clara Val ley dud leya Dudleya setchellii
-
Santa Cruz clover - Trifolium buckwestiorum
Santa Cruz Cou nty mon keyflower Mimulus
-
rattanii ssp. decurtatus
Santa Cruz Island bird's-foot trefoil - Lotus
argophyllus var. niveus
Santa Cruz Island bush mal low -
Malacothamnus fasciculatus var. nesioticus
Santa Cruz Island dudleya - Dudleya nesiotica
Santa Cruz I sland fringepod - Thysanocarpus
Santa Cruz I sland gooseberry Ribes
-
thacherianum
 APPENDIX IV:
Santa Cruz Island i ro nwood - Lyonothamnus
f/oribundus ssp. aspleniifolius
Santa Cruz Island malacothrix - Malacothrix
indecora
Santa Cruz Island manzanita -
Arctostaphylos tomentosa ssp. subcordata
Santa Cruz Island mon keyflower - Mimulus
brandegei
Santa Cruz Island oak - Quercus parvula var.
parvula
Santa Cruz Island rock cress - Sibara filifolia
Santa Cruz manza n ita - Arctostaphylos
andersonii
Santa Cruz m icroseris - Stebbinsoseris decipiens
Santa Cruz Mou ntains beardtongue -
Penstemon rattanii var. kleei
Santa Cruz Mou ntai ns pussypaws -
Calyptridium parryi var. hesseae
Santa Cruz tarplant Holocarpha macradenia
- robusta var. hartwegii
Santa Cruz wallflower - Erysimum teretifolium
Santa Lucia bedstraw - Calium clementis
Santa Lucia bush mal low Malacothamnus
- sea dahlia Coreopsis maritima
palmeri var. palmeri
Santa Lucia gooseberry Ribes sericeum
- bolanderi
Santa Lucia horkelia - Horkeliayadonii
Santa Lucia l u p i n e - Lupinus cervinus
Santa Lucia manzanita - Arctostaphylos luciana
Santa Lucia m i nt Pogowne clareana
-
Santa Margarita manzanita - Arctostaphylos
pilosula
Santa Mon ica Mou ntai ns dud leya - Dudleya
cymosa ssp. ovatifolia
Santa Mon ica Mtns. dud leya - Dudleya
cymosa ssp. agourensis
Santa Rosa Island d u d leya - Dudleya
blochmaniae ssp. insularis
Santa Rosa Island manzan ita -
Arctostaphylos confertif/ora
Santa Rosa Island Torrey pine - Pinus
torreyana ssp. insularis
Santa Rosa Mou ntains l i nanthus -
Linanthus f/oribundus ssp. ha/Iii
Santa Susana tarplant - Deinandra minthomii
Santa Ynez false l u p i n e - Thermopsis
macrophylla
Santiago Peak phacel ia - Phacelia suaveolens
ssp. keckii
Satan's golden bush - lsocoma menziesii var.
diabolica
saw-toothed lewisia - Lewisia serrata
scabrid alpine tarplant - Anisocarpus
scabridus
Scadden Flat checkerbloom - Sidalcea
stipularis
sca l loped m oonwort - Botrychium crenulatum
P LA N TS BY C O M M O N N A M E
scalloped-leaved lousewort - Pedicularis
crenulata
scaly cloak fern - Astrolepis cochisensis ssp.
cochisensis
Scandin avian sedge Carex norvegica
- Shasta agerati na - Ageratina shastensis
Schreiber's manzan ita - Arctostaphylos
glutinosa
Scott Mou nta i n bedstraw Calium -
serpenticum ssp. scotticum
Scott Mou ntai n phacelia - Phacelia dalesiana
Scott Mou ntain sandwort Minuartia -
stolonifera
Scott Mountai ns fawn l i ly - Erythronium
citrinum var. roderickii
Scott Valley phacelia - Phacelia greenei
Scott's Valley p o lygo n um - Polygonum
hickmanii
Scott's Valley spineflower - Chorizanthe
Scri bner's wheat grass - Elymus scribneri
scrub lotus - Lotus argyraeus var. multicaulis
- var. micans
seacoast ragwort - Senecio bolanderi var.
seaside bird's-beak - Cordylanthus rigidus ssp.
littoralis
seaside calan d ri nia - Calandrinia maritima
sea-watch - Angelica lucida
Sebastopol m eadowfoam - Limnanthes
vinculans
secund j ewel-flower - Streptanthus glandulosus
var. hoffmanii
seep kobresia - Kobresia bellardii
Sequoia gooseberry - Ribes tularense
serpentine arnica - Amica cernua
serpenti ne bedstraw - Calium andrewsii ssp.
gatense
serpentine bird's-beak - Cordylanthus tenuis
ssp. brunneus
serpenti ne bluecup - Cithopsis pulchella ssp.
serpentinicola
serpentine collomia - Collomia diversifolia
serpenti ne cryptantha Cryptantha clevelandii
- short-lobed I n d ian paintbrush - Castilleja
var. dissita
serpenti ne daisy - Erigeron serpentinus
serpentine golden bush - Ericameria ophitidis
serpentine l i nanthus - Linanthus ambiguus
serpentine m i l kweed - Asclepias solanoana
serpenti ne reed grass - Calamagrostis ophitidis
serpentine sedge - Carex serpenticola
serpentine sunflower - Helianthus exilis
serrated balsam root - Balsamorhiza serrata
shaggyhair l u p i n e - Lupinus spectabilis
shaggy-haired alumroot - Heuchera
hirsutissima
367
Sharsm ith's harebell - Campanula
sharsmithiae
Sharsmith's on ion - Allium sharsmithae
Shars m ith's stickseed Hackelia sharsmithii
-
Shasta beardtongue -
Penstemon heterodoxus var. shastensis
Shasta chaenactis - Chaenactis suffrutescens
Shasta clarkia - Clarkia borealis ssp. arida
Shasta County arnica - Amica venosa
Shasta orthocarpus - Orthocarpus
pachystachyus
Shasta snow-wreath Neviusia cliftonii
-
Shaw's agave - Agave shawii
Sheldon's sedge - Carex sheldonii
Shevock's golden-aster - Heterotheca
shevockii
Shevock's m i l k-vetch Astragalus shevockii
-
shield-bracted mon keyflower Mimulus -
glaucescens
shi n i ng m i l k-vetch - Astragalus lentiginosus
shi n i ng navarretia - Navarretia nigelliformis
ssp. radians
Shirley M eadows star-tu l i p - Calochortus
westonii
Shockley's buckwheat - Eriogonum shockleyi
var. shockleyi
Shockley's rock cress - Arabis shockleyi
shore sedge - Carex limosa
short-bracted bird's-beak Cordylanthus-
rigidus ssp. brevibracteatus
short-fruited wil low Salix brachycarpa ssp.
-
brachycarpa
short-joint beavertai I - Opuntia basilaris var.
brachyclada
short-leaved dud leya Dudleya brevifolia
-
short-leaved evax - Hesperevax sparsif/ora var.
brevifolia
short-leaved h u lsea Hu/sea brevifolia
-
short-lobed broom rape - Orobanche parishii
ssp. brachyloba
hispida ssp. brevilobata
short-ped icelled cleomella - Cleomella
brevipes
short-pod ded thelypod i u m - Thelypodium
brachycarpum
short-sepaled lewisia - Lewisia brachycalyx
showy I n d ian clover Trifolium amoenum
-
showy madia - Madia radiata
showy rail lardella Raillardella pringlei
-
shrub l ive oak Quercus turbine/la
-
Shuteye Peak fawn l i ly Erythronium
-
plurif/orum
368 A P P E N D I X I V : P LA N TS B Y C O M M O N N A M E
sickle-fru it jewel-flower - Streptanthus
drepanoides
Sierra bolandra - Bolandra californica
Sierra c larkia - Clarkia virgata
Sierra d raba - Oraba sierrae
Sierra monardella Monardella candicans
- slender j ewelflower - Caulanthus major var.
Sierra Nevada linanthus Linanthus
- nevadensis
oblanceolatus
Sierra pod istera - Podistera nevadensis
Sierra Val l ey eveni ng-pri m rose - Camissonia
tanacetifolia ssp. quadriperforata
Sierra Valley ivesia - lvesia aperta var. aperta
silky balsamroot - Balsamorhiza sericea
silky cryptantha - Cryptantha crinita
silky l u p i n e - Lupinus elatus
si lver-haired ivesia - lvesia argyrocoma
silver-leaved m i l k-vetch - Astragalus
argophyllus var. argophyllus
si lvery false l u pine - Thermopsis californica
var. argentata
simple androsace - Androsace occidentalis var.
simplex
si ngle-flowered mari posa l i ly - Calochortus
monanthus
si ngle-leaved skun kbrush - Rhus trilobata
var. simplicifolia
single-spiked sedge - Carex scirpoidea ssp.
pseudoscirpoidea
Siskiyou buckwheat - Eriogonum siskiyouense
Siskiyou checkerbloom - Sidalcea malvif/ora
ssp. patula
Siskiyou daisy Erigeron cervinus
- slender-stem bean - Phaseolus filiformis
Siskiyou false-hel lebore - Veratrum insolitum
S iskiyou fireweed - Epilobium siskiyouense
Siskiyou I ndian pai ntbrush - Castilleja
miniata ssp. elata
Siskiyou inside-out-flower - Vancouveria
chrysantha
Siskiyou i ris - Iris bracteata
Siskiyou mari posa l i ly - Calochortus persistens
Siskiyou Mountains huckleberry - Vaccinium
coccineum
S iskiyou Mountains orthocarpus -
Orthocarpus cuspidatus ssp. cuspidatus
Siskiyou Mou ntains ragwort - Senecio
macounii
Siskiyou Mountains wil lowherb Epilobium
- smal l-flowered fescue - Festuca minutiflora
rigidum
S iskiyou on ion - Allium siskiyouense
Siskiyou phacelia - Phacelia leonis
Siskiyou sedge - Carexgigas
sky-blue phace l i a - Phacelia coerulea
slender bedstraw Galium angustifolium ssp.
- inconspicuus
gracillimum
slender bog-orchid - Platanthera stricta
slender bu l rush - Scirpus heterochaetus
slender bush mal low Ma/acothamnus gracilis
- micranthum
slender clarkia - Clarkia exilis
slender false lupine Thermopsis graci!is var.
- micranthus
gracilis
slender lupine - Lupinus gracilentus
slender mari posa l i ly - Calochortus clavatus
var. gracilis
slender moonwort - Botrychium lineare
s lender nemacladus - Nemac!adus gracilis
slender Orcutt grass Orcuttia tenuis
- affinis var. parvidentata
slender pentachaeta - Pentachaeta exilis ssp.
aeolica
slender sedge - Carex lasiocarpa
slender townsendia - Townsendia leptotes
slender woolly-heads - Nemacaulis denudata
var. gracilis
slender-horned spi n eflower - Dodecahema
leptoceras
slender-leaved i po mopsis - lpomopsis
tenuifolia
slender-leaved pondweed - Potamogeton
filiformis
slender-lobed fou r o'clock - Mirabilis
tenuiloba
slender-petaled thelypod i u m - Thelypodium
stenopetalum
slender-stalked mon keyflower - Mimulus
gracilipes
slender-stem med androsace - Androsace
filiformis
slender-stem med mon keyflower - Mimulus
filicaulis
slough thistle - Cirsium crassicaule
small bur-reed - Sparganium natans
small grou ndcone - Boschniakia hookeri
small pincushion navarretia - Navarretia
myersii ssp. deminuta
small spi kerush - Eleocharis parvula
small-flowered androstep h i u m - ssp. sonomensis
Androstephium breviflorum
smal l-flowered bluecurls - Trichostema
micranthum
small-flowered gypsum-loving larkspur -
Delphinium gypsophilum ssp. parviflorum
small-flowered m icroseris - Microseris
douglasii var. platycarpha
smal l-flowered monkeyflower Mimulus
- southern alpine buckwheat - Eriogonum
small-flowered morni ng-glory - Convolvu/us
simulans
small-flowered rice grass - Piptatherum
small-flowered sand-verbena - Tripterocalyx
smal l-leaved lomati um - Lomatium parvifolium
smal l-leaved mon keyflower - Mimulus
microphyllus
smal l-leaved rock cress - Arabis microphylla
var. microphylla
smal l-leaved rose - Rosa minutifolia
Small's southern clarkia - Clarkia australis
small-toothed prairie gentian - Gentiana
smooth goldenrod Solidago gigantea
-
smooth lessingia - Lessingia micradenia var.
glabrata
smooth tarplant - Centromadia pungens ssp.
laevis
snake cholla - Opuntia californica var.
californica
Snake River daisy - Erigeron disparipilus
snow dwarf bramble - Rubus nivalis
Snow Mou ntain buckwheat - Eriogonum
nervulosum
Snow Mountain wil lowherb - Epilobium
nivium
snow wi l low - Salix nivalis
Socrates M i n e jewel-flower - Streptanthus
brachiatus ssp. brachiatus
Sodaville m i l k-vetch - Astragalus lentiginosus
var. sesquimetralis
soft bird 's-beak - Cordylanthus mollis ssp.
mollis
soft-leaved I n dian pai ntbrush - Castilleja
mollis
solitary blazing star - Mentzelia eremophila
Sonoma alopecurus - Alopecurus aequalis
var. sonomensis
Sonoma beardtongue - Penstemon newberryi
var. sonomensis
Sonoma ceanothus - Ceanothus sonomensis
Sonoma manzanita - Arctostaphylos canescens
Sonoma spineflower Chorizanthe valida
-
Sonoma sunshine Blennosperma bakeri
-
Sonoran maiden fern - Thelypteris puberula
var. sonorensis
South Coast Range morni ng-glory -
Calystegia collina ssp. venusta
South Coast saltscale - Atriplex pacifica
South Fork Mtn . l u p i n e - Lupinus elmeri
kennedyi var. alpigenum
Southern Cal iforn ia black wal nut Jug/ans
-
californica
 APPEN D IX IV:
southern island clover - Trifolium gracilentum
var. palmeri
southern island mallow - Lavatera
assurgentiflora ssp. glabra
southern jewel-flower - Streptanthus
campestris
southern mountai n buckwheat - Eriogonum
kennedyi var. austromontanum
southern mou ntain m i sery - Chamaebatia
australis
southern Sierra woolly su nflower ­
Eriophyllum lanatum var. obovatum
southern sku I I cap - Scutellaria bolanderi ssp.
austromontana
southern tarplant - Centromadia parryi ssp.
australis
southwestern spiny rush -juncus acutus ssp.
leopoldii
Spanish Needle onion - Allium shevockii
spear-fruited d raba - Draba lonchocarpa var.
lonchocarpa
spearleaf - Mate/ea parvifolia
spiked larkspur - Delphinium stachydeum
spikerush sedge - Carex eleocharis
spi ne-noded m i l k vetch - Peteria thompsoniae
spiny abrojo - Condalia globosa var. pubescens
spiny m i l kwort - Polygala subspinosa
spiny-leaved m i l k-vetch - Astragalus
kentrophyta var. elatus
spi ny-sepaled button-celery - Eryngium
spinosepalum
split-hair I ndian pai ntbrush - Castilleja
schizotricha
spreading navarretia - Navarretia fossalis
spring lessingia - Lessingia tenuis
Springville clarkia - Clarkia springvillensis
St. H elena fawn l i ly - Erythronium helenae
starved daisy - Erigeron miser
Stebbi ns's harmonia - Harmonia stebbinsii
Stebbi ns's lewisia - Lewisia stebbinsii
Stebbins's lomati u m - Lomatium stebbinsii
Stebbi ns's monardella - Monardella stebbinsii
l Stebbins's morni ng-glory - Calystegia
stebbinsii
Stebbi ns's phacelia - Phacelia stebbinsii
stemless l u p i n e - Lupinus lepidus var.
utahensis
Stephens's beardtongue - Penstemon
stephensii
sticky dudleya - Dudleya viscida
sticky geraea - Geraea viscida
sticky germander - Teucrium glandulosum
sticky pea - Lathyrus glandulosus
sticky pyrrocoma - Pyrrocoma lucida
stiff lomati u m - Lomatium rigidum
PLANTS BY C O M M O N N A M E
sti n kbells - Fritillaria agrestis
stoloniferous pussytoes - Antennaria
flagellaris
Stony Creek spurge - Chamaesyce ocellata ssp.
rattanii
straight-awned spineflower - Chorizanthe
rectispina
streamside daisy - Erigeron biolettii
striped adobe-lily - Fritillaria striata
striped h orsebrush - Tetradymia awraea
stylose rock cress - Arabis ferna/diana var.
stylosa
subalpine cryptantha - Cryptantha crymophila
su bal pine draba - Draba praealta
subalpine fi r - Abies lasiocarpa var. lasiocarpa
su balp i n e fireweed - Epilobium howellii
su btle orache - Atriplex subtilis
succu lent owl's-clover - Castilleja campestris
ssp. succulenta
suffrutescent wallflower - Erysimum insulare
ssp. suffrutescens
S u i su n Marsh aster - Aster lentus
Suisun th istle - Cirsium hydrophilum var.
hydrophilum
Su ksdorf's broom-rape - Orobanche
ludoviciana var. arenosa
Su ksdorf's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus pulsiferae
var. suksdorfii
S u ksdorf's wood-sorrel - Oxalis suksdorfii
summer holly - Comarostaphylis diversifolia
ssp. diversifolia
supple d aisy - Erigeron supp/ex
surf th istle - Cirsium rhothophilum
Susanvi lle beardtongue - Penstemon sudans
Susanvi l le m i l k-vetch - Astragalus inversus
swamp harebel l - Campanula californica
swamp larkspur - Delphinium uliginosum
sweet marsh ragwort - Senecio hydrophiloides
sweet-smelling monardella - Monardella
beneolens
Sweetwater Mountai ns draba - Draba
incrassata
Sweetwater M ou ntai ns m i l k-vetch -
Astragalus kentrophyta var. danaus
sylvan microseris - Microseris sylvatica
Tahoe d raba - Draba asterophora var.
asterophora
Tahoe sedge - Carex tahoensis
Tahoe tonestus - Tonestus eximius
Tahoe yellow cress - Rorippa subumbellata
Tahquitz ivesia - /vesia ca/Iida
tall alpine-aster - Oreostemma elatum
tall snapdragon - Antirrhinum virga
tall wool ly-marbles - Psilocarphus elatior
talus collomia - Collomia larsenii
369
talus fritil lary - Fritillaria falcata
Tamalpais jewel-flower - Streptanthus
batrachopus
Tamalpais lessi ngia - Lessingia micradenia var.
micradenia
Tamalpais oak - Quercus parvula var.
tamalpaisensis
tansy-leaved woolly su nflower - Eriophyllum
confertiflorum var. tanacetiflorum
Tecate cypress - Cupressus forbesii
Tecate tarplant - Deinandra floribunda
Tecopa bird's-beak - Cordylanthus tecopensis
Tehachapi ragwort - Senecio ionophyllus
Tehama Cou nty western flax - Hesperolinon
tehamense
Tehama n avarretia - Navarretia heterandra
Teh i pite Valley j ewel-flower - Streptanthus
fenestratus
Tejon poppy - Eschscholzia lemmonii ssp.
kernensis
Telescope Peak bedstraw - Galium
hypotrichium ssp. tomentellum
Temblor buckwheat - Eriogonum temblorense
ternate buckwheat - Eriogonum ternatum
The Cedars fai ry-lantern - Calochortus raichei
The Cedars manzanita - Arctostaphylos bakeri
ssp. sublaevis
The Lassies lupi ne - Lupinus constancei
The Lassies sandwort - Minuartia decumbens
The Needles buckwheat - Eriogonum
breedlovei var. shevockii
thin-lobed horkelia - Horkelia tenuiloba
Thompson's beardtongue - Penstemon
thompsoniae
Thorne's buckwheat - Eriogonum ericifolium
var. thornei
Thorne's royal l arkspur - Delphinium
variegatum ssp. thornei
thorny m i l kwort - Polygala acanthoclada
thread-leaved beakseed - Bulbostylis capillaris
thread-leaved beardtongue - Penstemon
filiformis
thread-leaved brodiaea - Brodiaea filifolia
Three Peaks jewel-flower - Streptanthus
morrisonii ssp. elatus
three-bracted onion - Allium tribracteatum
Thu rber's beardtongue - Penstemon thurberi
Thurber's p i lostyles - Pilostyles thurberi
Thurber's reed grass - Calamagrostis
crassiglumis
Ti buron buckwheat - Eriogonum luteolum var.
caninum
Tiburon I n d ian paintbrush - Castilleja a/finis
ssp. neglecta
Tiburon jewel-flower - Streptanthus niger
 3 70 APPEN D IX IV: P LA N TS BY C O M M O N N A M E

Tiburon mariposa l i ly - Calochortus Tuo l u m ne iris - Iris hartwegii ssp. columbiana Warner Mou ntains bedstraw - Galium
tiburonensis Twissel man n's buckwheat Eriogonum - serpenticum ssp. warnerense
Tidestrom's lupine - Lupinus tidestromii twisse/mannii Warner Spri ngs lessi ngia - Lessingia
Tiehm's rock cress - Arabis tiehmii Twisselman n's nemacladus - Nemacladus glandulifera var. tomentosa
timber blue grass - Paa rhizomata twisselmannii wart-stem med ceanoth us - Ceanothus
Tioga Pass sedge - Carex tiogana two-carpel late western flax - Hesperolinon verrucosus
Toiyabe bl uebells Mertensia cusickii
- bicarpellatum water bulrush - Scirpus subterminalis
Tompki ns's sedge - Carex tompkinsii two-flowered pea - Lathyrus biflorus water howel lia - Howellia aquatilis
Tonopah mil k-vetch Astragalus
- two-need le pinyon pine - Pinus edulis Watson's amaranth Amaranthus watsonii
-

pseudiodanthus u m brella larkspur - Delphinium umbraculorum Watson's oxytheca Oxytheca watsonii

-

Torrey pine - Pinus torreyana ssp. torreyana
Torrey's blazing star - Mentzelia torreyi
tough m u h ly - Muhlenbergia arsenei
Tracy's beardtongue - Penstemon tracyi
U m pqua green-gentian - Swertia umpquaensis
unexpected larkspur - Delphinium inopinum
upswept m oonwort - Botrychium ascendens
urn-flowered alumroot - Heuchera elegans
wavy-leaved malacothrix - Malacothrix foliosa
ssp. crispifolia
Webber's ivesia - lvesia webberi
Webber's m i l k-vetch Astragalus webberi
-

Tracy's clarkia - Clarkia gracilis ssp. tracyi Utah beardtongue - Penstemon utahensis Wells's manzan ita Arctostaphylos wellsii
-

Tracy's collomia - Collomia tracyi Utah d aisy Erigeron utahensis

Tracy's eriastru m - Eriastrum tracyi
Tracy's lomati u m - Lomatium tracyi
Tracy's lupine - Lupinus tracyi
Tracy's romanzoffia - Romanzoffia tracyi
Tracy's sanicle - Sanicula tracyi
Tracy's tarplant - Hemizonia congesta ssp.
tracyi
trai l i ng black currant Ribes laxiflorum
- variegated d u d leya Dudleya variegata
- western black currant - Ribes hudsonianum
Utah mon keyflower - Mimulus glabratus ssp. var. petiolare
utahensis western bog violet - Viola primulifolia ssp.
Utah mortonia - Mortonia utahensis occidentalis
Utah vi ne m i l kweed - Cynanchum utahense western d ichondra - Dichondra occidentalis
Vail Lake ceanothus - Ceanothus ophiochilus western goblin - Botrychium montanum
valley sedge - Carex vallicola western Heermann's buckwheat - Eriogonum
van i l l a-grass - Hierochloe odorata heermannii var. occidentale
- western leatherwood Dirca occidentalis
-

transparent m i l k-vetch - Astragalus iodanthus Vasek's clarkia - Clarkia tembloriensis ssp. western lessi ngia - Lessingia occidentalis
var. diaphanoides calientensis western l i ly - Lilium occidentale
Transverse Range phacelia - Phacelia exilis veiny monardella - Monardella douglasii ssp. western sand-spu rrey - Spergularia canadensis
Trask's cryptantha Cryptantha traskiae
- venosa var. occidentalis
Trask's m i l k-vetch - Astragalus traskiae velvety false lupine - Thermopsis californica western seablite Suaeda occidentalis
-

tree-anemone - Carpenteria californica var. semota western sedge - Carex occidentalis

trifoliate laceflower - Tiarella trifoliata var. Ventura marsh m i l k-vetch - Astragalus western spleenwort Asplenium vespertinum
-

trifoliata pycnostachyus var. lanosissimus western valerian - Valeriano occidentalis

Tri n ity buckwheat - Eriogonum alpinum Verity's d u d l eya - Dudleya verityi Wheeler's spineflower - Chorizanthe wheeleri
Tri n ity Mou ntains rock cress - Arabis vernal barley - Hordeum intercedens Wh ipple's m o n keyflower - Mimulus whipplei
rigidissima var. rigidissima vernal pool smal lscale - Atriplex persistens white beaked-rush - Rhynchospora alba
Tri n ity Mountains triteleia Triteleia crocea
- Victor's gooseberry - Ribes victoris white bear poppy - Arctomecon merriarnii
var. modesta Vine H i l l ceanoth us - Ceanothus foliosus var. White Mou ntains draba - Draba monoensis
triple-ribbed mil k-vetch - Astragalus tricarinatus vineatus White Mou ntains h orkelia - Horkelia
tripod buckwheat - Eriogonum tripodum Vine H i l l clarkia Clarkia imbricata
- hispidula
True's manzanita - Arctostaphylos mewukka Vine H i l l manzanita - Arctostaphylos densiflora white sedge - Carex albida
ssp. truei violet twi n i ng snapd ragon - Maurandya wh ite-bracted spineflower - Chorizanthe xanti
tru m pet-throated gi lia Cilia tenuiflora ssp.
- antirrhiniflora ssp. antirrhiniflora var. leucotheca
amplifaucalis virgate eriastrum - Eriastrum virgatum white-felted I n d ian pai ntbrush - Castilleja
tufted saxifrage - Saxifraga cespitosa virgate halimolobos - Halima/obos virgata lanata ssp. hololeuca
Tu lare cam pion Silene aperta
- viviparous foxtail cactus - Coryphantha white-flowered rabbitbrush - Chrysothamnus
Tu lare Cou nty bleed ing heart - Dicentra vivipara var. rosea albidus
nevadensis volcanic daisy - Erigeron elegantulus white-flowered rei n orchid - Piperia candida
Tu lare County buckwheat - Eriogonurn Vollmer's l i ly - Lilium parda/inum ssp. vollrneri white-haired manzanita - Arctostaphylos
polypodum Vortriede's spineflower Systenotheca
- viridissima
Tu lare Cou nty rock cress Arabis pygmaea
- vortriedei white-leaved cinquefoil - Potentilla gracilis var.
Tu lare cryptantha - Cryptantha incana Waldo buckwheat Eriogonum pendulum
- pulcherrima
Tuo l u m ne button-celery - Eryngiurn Waldo daisy - Erigeron bloomeri var. nudatus white-margined beardtongue Pensternon
-

pinnatisectum Waldo rock cress - Arabis aculeolata albomarginatus

Tuo l u m n e fawn l i ly - Erythronium Walker Pass m i l k-vetch - Astragalus ertterae white-margin ed everlasti ng - Antennaria
tuolumnense Wallace's n ightshade - Solanum wallacei marginata
 A P P E N D I X I V : P LA N T S BY C O M M O N N A M E 371

white-margi ned oxytheca - Oxytheca woolly balsam root Balsamorhiza hookeri var.
- yellow ivesia - lvesia arizonica var. arizonica
emarginata lanata yellow larkspur - Delphinium luteum
white-rayed pentachaeta - Pentachaeta woolly meadowfoam - Limnanthes f/occosa yel low triteleia - Triteleia crocea var. crocea
bellidiflora ssp. floccosa yellow wi l lowherb Epilobium luteum
-

white-ste m m ed clarkia - Clarkia gracilis ssp. wool ly mou ntain-parsley - Oreonana vestita yellow-flowered eriastrum - Eriastrum luteum
albicaulis woolly seabl ite Suaeda taxifolia
- yellowish lousewort - Pedicularis bracteosa
white-stem med pondweed - Potamogeton woolly stenotus - Stenotus lanuginosus var. flavida
praelongus woolly violet Viola tomentosa
- yellow-tubered toothwort - Cardamine
Whitney's farewell-to-spring - Clarkia woolly-headed gilia Cilia capitata ssp.
- nuttallii var. gemmata
amoena ssp. whitneyi tomentosa yerba desierto - Fend/ere/la utahensis
Wiggins's cholla - Opuntia wir,ginsii woolly-headed lessingia Lessingia hololeuca- Yolla Bolly Mtns. bird's-foot trefoil - Lotus
Wiggi ns's croton - Croton wir,ginsii woolly-headed spineflower - Chorizanthe yollabolliensis
Wiggins's l i ly - Lilium parda/inum ssp. wir,ginsii cuspidata var. vi//osa Yosem ite even i ng-pri m rose Camissonia
-

Wi l d rose Canyon buckwheat Eriogonum -
eremicola
Wil kin's harebel l - Campanula wilkinsiana
Williams's combleaf- Po!yctenium williamsiae
woolly-leaved m i l k-vetch - Astragalus whitneyi
var. lenophyllus
Wooton's lace fern - Cheilanthes wootonii
Wright's bedstraw - Galium wrightii
sierrae ssp. sierrae
Yosemite ivesia - lvesia unguiculata
Yosemite lewisia - Lewisia disepala
Yosem ite on ion Allium yosemitense
-

wi llowy monardella - Monardella linoides ssp.
viminea
winged cryptantha - Cryptantha holoptera
winged dock - Rumex venosus
winged-seed draba - Draba pterosperma
Wolf's cholla - Opuntia wolfii
Wright's hymenothrix - Hymenothrix wrightii Yosemite popcorn-flower - Plagiobothrys
Wright's trichocoron is Trichocoronis wrightii
- torreyi var. torreyi
var. wrightii Yosem ite tarplant -jensiayosemitana
Yadon's rei n orchid Piperia yadonii
- Yosem ite woolly sunfl ower - Eriophyllum
Yadon's wal l flower - Erysimum menziesii ssp. nubigenum
yadonii Yreka phlox Phlox hirsuta
-

Wolf's even i ng-pri m rose Oenothera wolfii

- Yaki ma bird's-beak Cordylanthus capitatus
- Yucaipa onion - Allium marvinii
wolftai l - Lycurus phleoides var. phleoides yel low bur navarretia Navarretia prolifera
- Ziegler's aster - Machaeranthera canescens var.
wood nym ph - Moneses uniflora ssp. lutea ziegleri

L
 [
Plants by Famil y
APPEN D IX V

he following l ist incl ude all plants on C NPS Lists 1 through 4, arranged alphabetically by family.

Acanthaceae Lomatium grayi Cynanchum utahense Blennosperma nanum var.

Lomatium hendersonii Mate/ea parvifolia robustum
Carlowrightia arizonica Lomatium hooveri Blepharizonia plumosa ssp.
Lomatium howellii Aspleniaceae plumosa
Alismataceae Lomatium insulare Calycadenia hooveri
Lomatium martindalei Asplenium septentrionale Calycadenia oppositifolia
Alisma gramineum Lomatium observatorium Asplenium trichomanes ssp. Calycadenia villosa
Sagittaria sanfordii Lomatium parvifolium trichomanes Carlquistia muirii
Lomatium peckianum Asplenium trichomanes-ramosum Centromadia parryi ssp. australis
Amaranthaceae Lomatium raven11 Asplenium vespertinum Centromadia parryi ssp. congdonii
Lomatium repostum Centromadia pungens ssp. laevis
Amaranthus watsonii Lomatium rigidum Chaenactis carphoclinia var.
Asteraceae
Lomatium shevockii peirsoni1
Lomatium stebbinsii Chaenactis douglasii var. alpina
Anacardiaceae Ageratina herbacea
Lomatium tracy1 Chaenactis glabriuscula var.
Ageratina shastensis
Oreonana purpurascens orcuttiana
Rhus trilobata var. simplicifolia Ambrosia chenopodiifolia
Oreonana vestita Chaenactis parishii
Ambrosia pumila
Osmorhiza depauperata Chaenactis suffrutescens
Apiaceae Anisocarpus scabridus
Perideridia bacigalupii Chaetadelpha wheeleri
Antennaria f/agellaris
Perideridia gairdneri ssp. gairdneri Chrysothamnus albidus
Ammoselinum giganteum Antennaria marginata
Perideridia leptocarpa Chrysothamnus gramineus
Angelica cal/ii Antennaria pulchella
Perideridia parishii ssp. parishii Chrysothamnus greenei
Angelica kingii Antennaria suffrutescens
Perideridia pringlei Cirsium andrewsii
Angelica lucida Amica cemua
Podistera nevadensis Cirsium ciliolatum
Cymopterus deserticola Amica fulgens
Sanicula hoffmannii Cirsium crassicaule
Cymopterus gilmanii Amica spathulata
Sanicula maritima Cirsium fontinale var. campy/on
Cymopterus ripleyi var. saniculoides Amica venosa
Sanicula peckiana Cirsium fontinale var. fontinale
Eryngium aristulatum var. hooven Amica viscosa
Sanicula saxatilis Cirsium fontinale var. obispoense
Eryngium aristulatum var. parishii Artemisia nesiotica
Sanicula tracyi Cirsium hydrophilum var.
Eryngium constancei Artemisia palmeri
Spermolepis echinata hydrophilum
Eryngium pendletonensis Aster greatae
Tauschia glauca Cirsium hydrophilum var. vaseyi
Eryngium pinnatisectum Aster lentus
Tauschia howellii Cirsium loncholepis
Eryngium racemosum Baccharis malibuensis
Cirsium occidentale var.
Eryngium spinosepalum Baccharis plummerae ssp. glabrata
Aristolochiaceae compactum
Glehnia /ittoralis ssp. leiocarpa Baccharis plummerae ssp.
Cirsium praeteriens
Lilaeopsis masonii plummerae
Asarum marmoratum Cirsium rhothophilum
Lomatium congdonii Baccharis vanessae
Coreopsis hamiltonii
Lomatium engelmannii Balsamorhiza hookeri var. lanata
Coreopsis maritima
Lomatium foeniculaceum ssp. Asclepiadaceae Balsamorhiza macrolepis var.
Corethrogyne filaginifolia var.
inyoense macrolepis
incana
Lomatium foeniculaceum var. Asclepias asperula ssp. asperula Balsamorhiza sericea
Corethrogyne filaginifolia var.
macdougalii Asclepias nyctaginifolia Balsamorhiza serrata
linifolia
Asclepias solanoana Blennosperma bakeri

372

Corethrogyne leucophylla
Crepis runcinata ssp. ha/Iii
Deinandra arida
Deinandra bacigalupii
Deinandra clementina
Deinandra conjugens
Deinandra floribunda
Deinandra halliana
Deinandra increscens ssp. foliosa
Deinandra increscens ssp. villosa
Deinandra minthornii
Deinandra mohavensis
Deinandra paniculata
Dimeresia howellii
Enceliopsis covillei
Enceliopsis nudicaulis var.
corrugata
Enceliopsis nudicaulis var.
nudicaulis
Ericameria cuneata var.
macrocephala
Ericameria fasciculata
Ericameria gilmanii
Ericameria nana
Ericameria ophitidis
Ericameria palmeri ssp. palmeri
Erigeron aequifolius
Erigeron angustatus
Erigeron biolettii
Erigeron blochmaniae
Erigeron bloomeri var. nudatus
Erigeron breweri var. jacinteus
Erigeron calvus
Erigeron cervinus
Erigeron compactus var. compactus
Erigeron decumbens var. robustior
Erigeron disparipilus
Erigeron elegantulus
Erigeron inornatus var. calidipetris
Erigeron inornatus var. keilii
Erigeron mariposanus
Erigeron miser
Erigeron multiceps
Erigeron nevadincola
Erigeron parishii
Erigeron petrophilus var. sierrensis
Erigeron petrophilus var. viscidulus
Erigeron sanctarum
Erigeron serpentinus
Erigeron supp/ex
Erigeron uncialis var. uncialis
Erigeron utahensis
Eriophyllum confertiflorum var.
tanacetiflorum
Eriophyllum congdonii
EriophyllumJepsonii
Eriophyllum lanatum var. ha/Iii
A P P E N D I X V : P LA N T S B Y F A M I LY 373
Eriophyllum lanatum var. Lasthenia macrantha ssp. Pseudobahia bahiifolia
obovatum macrantha Pseudobahia peirsonii
Eriophyllum latilobum Layia carnosa Psilocarphus brevissimus var.
Eriophyllum mohavense Layia discoidea multiflorus
Eriophyllum nevinii Layia heterotricha Psilocarphus elatior
Eriophyllum nubigenum Layiajonesii Pyrrocoma lucida
Geraea viscida Layia leucopappa Pyrrocoma racemosa var. congesta
Grindelia fraxino-pratensis Layia munzii Pyrrocoma racemosa var.
Grindelia hirsutula var. ha/Iii Layia septentrionalis pinetorum
Grindelia hirsutula var. maritima Lessingia arachnoidea Pyrrocoma uniflora var. gossypina
Harmonia doris-nilesiae Lessingia germanorum Raillardella pringlei
Harmonia ha/Iii Lessingia glandulifera var. Sanvitalia abertii
Harmonia nutans tomentosa Saussurea americana
Harmonia stebbinsii Lessingia hololeuca Schkuhria multiflora var. multiflora
Hazardia cana Lessingia micradenia var. glabrata Senecio aphanactis
Hazardia detonsa Lessingia micradenia var. Senecio bernardinus
Hazardia orcuttii micradenia Senecio blochmaniae
Helianthel/a castanea Lessingia occidentalis Senecio bolanderi var. bolanderi
Helianthus exilis Lessingia tenuis Senecio clevelandii var. clevelandii
Helianthus niveus ssp. tephrodes Machaeranthera asteroides var. Senecio clevelandii var.
Helianthus nuttallii ssp. parishii lagunensis heterophyllus
Hemizonia congesta ssp. calyculata Machaeranthera canescens var. Senecio eurycephalus var. lewisrosei
Hemizonia congesta ssp. ziegleri Senecio ganderi
/eucocephala Machaeranthera gracilis Senecio hydrophiloides
Hemizonia congesta ssp. tracyi Machaerantherajuncea Senecio indecorus
Hesperevax caulescens Madia radiata Senecio ionophyllus
Hesperevax sparsiflora var. brevifolia Malacothrix foliosa ssp. crispifolia Senecio layneae
Heterotheca monarchensis Malacothrix foliosa ssp. foliosa Senecio macounii
Heterotheca shevockii Malacothrix foliosa ssp. philbrickii Senecio pattersonensis
Holocarpha macradenia Malacothrix foliosa ssp. Solidago gigantea
Holocarpha virgata ssp. elongata polycephala Solidago guiradonis
Hu/sea brevifolia Malacothrix incana Sphaeromeria potentilloides var.
Hu/sea californica Malacothrix indecora nitrophila
Hu/sea mexicana Malacothrixjunakii Stebbinsoseris decipiens
Hu/sea nana Malacothrix phaeocarpa Stenotus lanuginosus
Hu/sea vestita ssp. callicarpha Malacothrix saxatilis var. Stephanomeria blairii
Hu/sea vestita ssp. gabrielensis arachnoidea Stylocline citroleum
Hu/sea vestita ssp. inyoensis Malacothrix saxatilis var. saxatilis Stylocline masonii
Hu/sea vestita ssp. parryi Malacothrix squalida Stylocline sonorensis
Hu/sea vestita ssp. pygmaea Malperia tenuis Syntrichopappus lemmonii
Hymenopappus filifolius var. Micropus amphibolus Taraxacum californicum
nan us Microseris borealis Tetradymia argyraea
Hymenothrix wrightii Microseris douglasii var. Tetradymia tetrameres
Hymenoxys lemmonii platycarpha Tonestus eximius
lsocoma arguta Microseris paludosa Tonestus !ya/Iii
lsocoma menziesii var. decumbens Microseris sylvatica Tonestus peirsonii
lsocoma menziesii var. diabolica Monolopia congdonii Townsendia condensata
Iva acerosa Oreostemma elatum Townsendia leptotes
Iva hayesiana Palafoxia arida var. gigantea Townsendia parryi
Iva nevadensis Pentachaeta aurea Tracyina rostrata
jensiayosemitana Pentachaeta bellidiflora Trichocoronis wrightii var. wrightii
Lasthenia burkei Pentachaeta exilis ssp. aeolica Trimorpha acris var. debilis
Lasthenia conjugens Pentachaeta fragilis Verbesina dissita
Lasthenia ferrisiae Pentachaeta lyonii Viguiera laciniata
Lasthenia glabrata ssp. coulteri Perityle inyoensis Wyethia elata
Lasthenia lepta/ea Perityle vil/osa Wyethia longicaulis
Lasthenia macrantha ssp. bakeri Petradoria pumila ssp. pumila Wyethia reticulata
374
Xylorhiza cognata
Xylorhiza orcuttii
Azo l l aceae
Azolla mexicana
Berberidaceae
Berberis fremontii
Berberis nevinii
Berberis pinnata ssp. insularis
Vancouveria chrysantha
Betu laceae
Betula pumila var. glandulifera
Boragi naceae
Amsinckia grandiflora
Amsinckia lunaris
Amsinckia vernicosa var. furcata
Cryptantha clevelandii var. dissita
Cryptantha clokeyi
Cryptantha costata
Cryptantha crinita
Cryptantha crymophila
Cryptantha excavata
Cryptantha ganderi
Cryptantha glomeriflora
Cryptantha holoptera
Cryptantha hooveri
Cryptantha incana
Cryptantha mariposae
Cryptantha rattanii
Cryptantha roosiorum
Cryptantha scoparia
Cryptantha traskiae
Cryptantha tumulosa
Hackelia amethystina
Hackelia brevicula
Hackelia cusickii
Hackelia sharsmithii
Harpagonel/a palmeri
Lithospermum incisum
Mertensia be/la
Mertensia cusickii
Mertensia longiflora
Mertensia oblongifolia var. amoena
Mertensia oblongifolia var.
oblongifolia
Plagiobothrys chorisianus var.
chorisianus
Plagiobothrys chorisianus var.
hickmanii
A P P E N D I X V : P L A N T S B Y F A M I LY
Plagiobothrys diffusus Draba asterophora var. asterophora
Plagiobothrys glaber Draba asterophora var. macrocarpa
Plagiobothrys g!yptocarpus var. Draba aureola
modestus Draba breweri var. cana
Plagiobothrys hystriculus Draba californica
Plagiobothrys lithocaryus Oraba carnosula
Plagiobothrys mol/is var. vestitus Draba corrugata var. saxosa
Plagiobothrys myosotoides Draba cruciata
Plagiobothrys parishii Draba howel/ii
Plagiobothrys salsus Draba incrassata
Plagiobothrys stridus Draba lonchocarpa var.
Plagiobothrys torreyi var. torreyi lonchocarpa
Plagiobothrys uncinatus Draba monoensis
Draba praealta
Brassicaceae Draba pterosperma
Draba sharsmithii
Arabis aculeolata Draba sierrae
Draba subumbel/ata
Arabis blepharophylla
Arabis bodiensis Erysimum ammophilum
Arabis breweri var. pecuniaria Erysimum capitatum ssp.
Arabis cobrensis angustatum
Arabis constancei Erysimum capitatum ssp.
Arabis dispar lompocense
Arabis fernaldiana var. stylosa Erysimum franciscanum
Arabis hirshbergiae Erysimum insulare ssp. insulare
Arabis hoffmannii Erysimum insulare ssp.
ArabisJohnstonii suffrutescens
Arabis koehleri var. stipitata Erysimum menziesii ssp. eurekense
Arabis macdonaldiana Erysimum menziesii ssp. menziesii
Arabis microphylla var. microphylla Erysimum menziesii ssp. yadonii
Arabis modesta Erysimum teretifolium
Arabis oregana Halimolobos virgata
Arabis parishii Lepidium flavum var. felipense
Arabis pinzlae Lepidium jaredii ssp. album
Arabis pulchra var. munciensis Lepidium jaredii ssp. jaredii
Arabis pygmaea Lepidium latipes var. heckardii
Arabis repanda var. greenei Lepidium virginicum var. robinsonii
Arabis rigidissima var. demota Lesquerella kingii ssp. bernardina
Arabis rigidissima var. rigidissima Lyrocarpa coulteri var. palmeri
Arabis shockleyi Physaria chambersii
Arabis tiehmii Po/ydenium fremontii var.
Cardamine bel/idifolia var. fremontii
pachyphylla Polyctenium wil/iamsiae
Cardamine nuttal/ii var. gemmata Rorippa columbiae
Rorippa gambelii
Cardamine pachystigma var.
dissedifolia Rorippa subumbel/ata
Caulanthus amplexicaulis var. Sibara deserti
barbarae Sibara fi/ifolia
Caulanthus californicus Sibaropsis hammittii
Caulanthus coulteri var. lemmonii Smelowskia ova/is var. congesta
Caulanthus major var. nevadensis Stanleya viridiflora
Caulanthus simulans Streptanthus albidus ssp. albidus
Streptanthus albidus ssp.
Caulostramina jaegeri
Cochlearia officinalis var. ardica peramoenus
Streptanthus barbiger
Cusickiella quadricostata
Dithyrea maritima Streptanthus batrachopus
Streptanthus bernardinus
Streptanthus brachiatus ssp.
brachiatus
Streptanthus brachiatus ssp.
hoffmanii
Streptanthus breweri var. hesperidis
Streptanthus callistus
Streptanthus campestris
Streptanthus cordatus var. piutensis
Streptanthus drepanoides
Streptanthus farnsworthianus
Streptanthus fenestratus
Streptanthus glandulosus ssp.
pulchellus
Streptanthus glandulosus var.
hoffmanii
�
Streptanthus gracilis
Streptanthus hispidus
Streptanthus howellii
Streptanthus insignis ssp. lyonii
Streptanthus morrisonii ssp. elatus
Streptanthus morrisonii ssp.
hirtiflorus
Streptanthus morrisonii ssp.
kruckebergii
Streptanthus morrisonii ssp.
morrisonii
Streptanthus niger
Streptanthus oliganthus
Thelypodium brachycarpum
Thelypodium howellii ssp. howellii
Thelypodium integrifolium ssp.
complanatum
Thelypodium mil/eflorum
Thelypodium stenopetalum
Thlaspi californicum
Thysanocarpus conchuliferus
Tropidocarpum capparideum
Twisselmannia californica
Bruchianaceae
Bruchia bolanderi
Bryaceae
Anomobryum filiforme
Mielichhoferia elongata
Mielichhoferia tehamensis
Pohlia tundrae
Schizymenium schevockii
Bu rseraceae
Bursera microphylla
 A P P E N D I X V: P L A N T S B Y F A M I LY 375

Cactaceae Arenaria lanuginosa ssp. saxosa Suaeda occidentalis Dudleya virens ssp. insularis
Arenaria macradenia var. kuschei Suaeda taxifolia Dudleya virens ssp. virens
Bergerocactus emoryi Arenaria paludicola Dudleya viscida
Carnegiea gigantea Arenaria ursina Sedella leiocarpa
Coryphantha a/versonii Cistaceae
Loef/ingia squarrosa var. Sedum a/bomarginatum
Coryphantha vivipara var. rosea artemisiarum Sedum divergens
Helianthemum greenei
Echinocereus engelmannii var. Minuartia decumbens Sedum eastwoodiae
H. suffrutescens
howei Minuartia howellii Sedum laxum ssp. flavidum
Ferocactus viridescens Minuartia obtusiloba Sedum laxum ssp. heckneri
Opuntia basilaris var. brachyclada Convolvu l aceae Sedum niveum
Minuartia rosei
Opuntia basilaris var. treleasei Minuartia stolonifera Sedum oblanceolatum
Opuntia californica var. californica Calystegia atriplicifolia ssp.
Paronychia ahartii Sedum paradisum
Opuntia curvospina buttensis
Silene aperta Sedum pinetorum
Opuntia fragilis Calystegia co/Jina ssp. oxyphylla
Silene campanulata ssp.
Opuntia munzii Calystegia co/Jina ssp. venusta
campanulata Crossosomataceae
Opuntia pulchella Calystegia macrostegia ssp.
Silene marmorensis
Opuntia wigginsii amplissima
Silene occidentalis ssp. Crossosoma californicum
Opuntia wolfii Calystegia ma/acophylla var. berryi
longistipitata Glossopetalon pungens
Sclerocactusjohnsonii Calystegia peirsonii
Silene oregana
Sclerocactus polyancistrus Calystegia purpurata ssp. saxicola
Silene suksdorfii
Calystegia sepium ssp. binghamiae Cupressaceae
Silene verecunda ssp.
Calystegia stebbinsii
Cam panu laceae verecunda
Calystegia subacaulis ssp. Cupressus abramsiana
Spergularia canadensis var.
episcopalis Cupressus arizonica ssp. nevadensis
Campanula californica occidentalis
Convolvulus simulans Cupressus bakeri
Campanula exigua Stellaria littoralis
Dichondra occidentalis Cupressus forbesii
Campanula scabrel/a Stellaria longifolia
Cupressus goveniana ssp. goveniana
Campanula sharsmithiae Stellaria obtusa
Crassu I aceae Cupressus goveniana ssp. pigmaea
Campanula shetleri
Cupressus macrocarpa
Campanula wilkinsiana
Celastraceae Dudleya abramsii ssp. affinis Cupressus nootkatensis
Downingia concolor var. brevior
Dudleya abramsii ssp. bettinae Cupressus stephensonii
Downingia laeta Mortonia utahensis
Downingia pusilla Dudleya abramsii ssp. murina
Githopsis diffusa ssp. filicaulis Dudleya alainae Cyperaceae
Githopsis pulchella ssp. Chenopodiaceae Dudleya attenuata ssp. orcuttii
serpentinicola Dudleya blochmaniae ssp. Bulbostylis capillaris
Aphanisma blitoides blochmaniae Carex albida
Githopsis tenella
Atriplex argentea var. hillmanii Dudleya blochmaniae ssp. insularis Carex arcta
Howellia aquatilis
Atriplex cordulata Dudleya brevifolia Carex atherodes
Legenere limosa
Atriplex coronata var. coronata Dudleya calcicola Carex buxbaumii
Nemacladus gracilis
Atriplex coronata var. notatior Dudleya candelabrum Carex californica
Nemacladus twisselmannii
Atriplex coulteri Dudleya cymosa ssp. agourensis Carex comosa
Atriplex depressa Dudleya cymosa ssp. costafolia Carex congdonii
Capparaceae Atriplex erecticaulis Dudleya cymosa ssp. crebrifolia Carex dal)'i
Atriplex gardneri var. falcata Dudleya cymosa ssp. marcescens Carex eleocharis
Cleomella brevipes Atriplexjoaquiniana Oudleya cymosa ssp. ovatifolia Carex geyeri
Cleomella hillmanii Atriplex minuscula Dudleya densiflora Carexgigas
Wislizenia refracta ssp. refracta Atriplex pacifica Dudleya gnoma Carex halliana
Atriplex parish ii Dudleya greenei Carex hystericina
Capri fo l iaceae Atriplex persistens Dudleya multicaulis Carex incurviformis var. danaensis
Atriplex serenana var. davidsonii Dudleya nesiotica Carex inops ssp. inops
Lonicera subspicata var. subspicata Atriplex subtilis Dudleya parva Carex lasiocarpa
Viburnum ellipticum Atriplex tularensis Dudleya saxosa ssp. saxosa. Carex lepta/ea
Atriplex vallicola Dudleya setchellii Carex limosa
Caryo phyl laceae Chenopodium simplex Dudleya stolonifera Carex livida
Nitrophila mohavensis Dudleya traskiae Carex lyngbyei
Arenaria congesta var. Suaeda californica Dudleya variegata Carex norvegica
charlestonensis Suaeda esteroa Dudleya verityi Carex obispoensis
376
Carex occidentalis
Carex parryana var. ha/Iii
Carex petasata
Carex praticola
Carex saliniforrnis
Carex scirpoidea ssp.
pseudoscirpoidea
Carex scoparia
Carex serpenticola
Carex sheldonii
Carex tahoensis
Carex tiogana
Carex tornpkinsii
Carex vallicola
Carex viridula var. viridula
Carex vulpinoidea
Eleocharis parvula
Eleocharis quadrangulata
Firnbristylis therrnalis
Kobresia bellardii
Rhynchospora alba
Rhynchospora californica
Rhynchospora capitellata
Rhynchospora globularis var.
globularis
Schoenus nigricans
Scirpus heterochaetus
Scirpus pendulus
Scirpus purnilus
Scirpus subterrnina/is
Dicran aceae
Atractylocarpus f/agellaceus
Discel iaceae
Disceliurn nudurn
Ditrachaceae
Trichodon cylindricus
D roseraceae
Orosera anglica
Dryopteridaceae
Dryopteris filix-rnas
Polystichurn kruckebergii
Polystichurn lonchitis
Woodsia plurnrnerae
A P P E N D I X V : P L A N T S B Y FA M I LY
Em petraceae Arctostaphylos pa/Iida
Arctostaphylos parryana ssp.
Ernpetrurn nigrurn ssp. tumescens
herrnaphroditurn Arctostaphylos pechoensis
Arctostaphylos peninsularis ssp.
Eq u isetaceae peninsularis
Arctostaphylos pilosula
Equiseturn palustre Arctostaphylos purnila
Arctostaphylos purissirna
Ericaceae Arctostaphylos rainbowensis
Arctostaphylos refugioensis
Arctostaphylos andersonii Arctostaphylos regisrnontana
Arctostaphylos auriculata Arctostaphylos rudis
Arctostaphylos bakeri ssp. bakeri Arctostaphylos silvicola
Arctostaphylos bakeri ssp. sublaevis Arctostaphylos stanfordiana ssp.
Arctostaphylos canescens ssp. decurnbens
sonornensis Arctostaphylos stanfordiana ssp.
Arctostaphylos catalinae raichei
Arctostaphylos confertiflora Arctostaphylos tornentosa ssp.
Arctostaphylos cruzensis daciticola
Arctostaphylos densiflora Arctostaphylos tomentosa ssp.
Arctostaphylos edrnundsii eastwoodiana
Arctostaphylos gabrielensis Arctostaphylos tomentosa ssp.
Arctostaphylos glandulosa ssp. insulicola
crassifolia Arctostaphylos tornentosa ssp.
Arctostaphylos glutinosa subcordata
Arctostaphylos hispidula Arctostaphylos virgata
Arctostaphylos hookeri ssp. Arctostaphylos viridissirna
franciscana Arctostaphylos wellsii
Arctostaphylos hookeri ssp. Cornarostaphylis diversifolia ssp.
hearstiorurn diversifolia
Arctostaphylos hookeri ssp. hookeri Moneses uniflora
Arctostaphylos hookeri ssp. Ornithostaphylos oppositifolia
rnontana Pityopus californicus
Arctostaphylos hookeri ssp. ravenii Pyrola chlorantha
Arctostaphylos hooveri Vacciniurn coccineum
Vacciniurn scoparium
Arctostaphylos irnbricata
Arctostaphylos klarnathensis
Arctostaphylos luciana Euphorbiaceae
Arctostaphylos rnalloryi
Arctostaphylos rnanzanita ssp. Chamaesyce abramsiana
elegans Chamaesyce arizonica
Arctostaphylos rnanzanita ssp. Chamaesyce hooveri
laevigata Charnaesyce ocellata ssp. rattanii
Arctostaphylos rnendocinoensis Chamaesyce parryi
Arctostaphylos rnewukka ssp. truei Chamaesyce platysperma
Arctostaphylos rnontaraensis Chamaesyce revoluta
Arctostaphylos rnontereyensis Chamaesyce vallis-mortae
Arctostaphylos rnorroensis Croton wigginsii
Arctostaphylos rnyrtifolia Oitaxis clariana
Arctostaphylos nissenana Ditaxis serrata var. californica
Arctostaphylos nortensis Euphorbia exstipulata var.
Arctostaphylos obispoensis exstipulata
Arctostaphylos osoensis Euphorbia rnisera
Arctostaphylos otayensis Tetracoccus dioicus
Arctostaphylos pajaroensis Tetracoccus ha/Iii
Tetracoccus ilicifolius
Tragia ramosa
Fabaceae
Arnorpha californica var. napensis
Astragalus agnicidus
Astragalus agrestis
Astragalus albens
Astragalus allochrous var. playanus
Astragalus anxius
Astragalus argophyllus var.
argophyllus
Astragalus atratus var. mensanus
Astragalus bicristatus
Astragalus brauntonii
Astragalus breweri
Astragalus cirnae var. cirnae
Astragalus cimae var. sufflatus
Astragalus clarianus
Astragalus clevelandii
Astragalus crotalariae
Astragalus deanei
Astragalus didymocarpus var.
milesianus
Astragalus douglasii var. perstrictus
Astragalus ertterae
Astragalus funereus
Astragalus geyeri var. geyeri
Astragalus gilrnanii
Astragalus insularis var. harwoodii
Astragalus inversus
Astragalus inyoensis
Astragalus iodanthus var.
diaphanoides
Astragalusjaegerianus
Astragalusjohannis-howellii
Astragalus kentrophyta var. danaus
Astragalus kentrophyta var. elatus
Astragalus lemmonii
Astragalus lentiformis
Astragalus lentiginosus var.
antonius
Astragalus lentiginosus var.
borreganus
Astragalus lentiginosus var.
coachellae
Astragalus lentiginosus var.
kernensis
Astragalus lentiginosus var. rnicans
Astragalus lentiginosus var.
piscinensis
Astragalus lentiginosus var.
sesquimetralis
Astragalus lentiginosus var. sierrae
Astragalus leucolobus
 APPENDIX V: P L A N T S B Y F A M I LY 377

Astragalus macrodon Lotus dendroideus var. traskiae Rupertia rigida Centiana setigera
Astragalus magdalenae peirsonii
var. Lotus dendroideus var. veatchii Senna covesii Swertia albomarginata
Astragalus miguelensis Lotus haydonii Thermopsis californica var. Swertia neglecta
Astragalus mohavensis var. Lotus nutta/lianus argentata Swertia umpquaensis
hemigyrus Lotus oblongifoliusvar. cupreus Thermopsis californica semota
var.

Astragalus monoensis var.monoensis Lotus rubrif/orus Thermopsis gracilis gracilis

var.
Geran iaceae
Astragalus monoensis var.ravenii Lotusyollabolliensis Thermopsis macrophylla
Astragalus nevinii Lupinus albifrons var. abramsii Thermopsis robusta Erodium macrophyllum
Astragalus nutans Lupinus antoninus Trifolium amoenum
Astragalus nuttallii var. nuttallii Lupinus cervinus Trifolium andersonii andersonii
var.
Grossulariaceae
Astragalus oocarpus Lupinus citrinus var.citrinus Trifolium bolanderi
Astragalus oophorus var.lavinii Lupinus citrinus var.def/exus Trifolium buckwestiorum Ribes amarum var. hoffmannii
Astragalus oophorus oophorus
var. Lupinus constancei Trifo/ium dedeckerae Ribes canthariforme
Astragalus pachypus jaegeri
var. Lupinus croceus var.pilose/Ius Trifolium depauperatum var.
Ribes divaricatum parishii
var.
Astragalus pauperculus Lupinus dalesiae hydrophilum Ribes hudsonianum petiolare
var.
Astragalus platytropis Lupinus duranii Trifolium gracilentum palmeri
var.
Ribes laxiflorum
Astragalus preussii var. laxif/orus Lupinus elatus Trifolium gymnocarpon var.
Ribes marshal/ii
Astragalus preussii var. preussii Lupinus elmeri plummerae
Ribes menziesii var.ixoderme
Astragalus pseudiodanthus Lupin us excubitus Johnstonii
var. Trifolium howellii
Ribes roezliivar. amictum
Astragalus pulsiferae var.pulsiferae Lupinus excubitus var. medius Trifolium jokerstii
Ribes sericeum
Astragalus pulsiferae var.suksdorfii Lupinus eximius Trifolium lemmonii
Ribes thacherianum
Astragalus pycnostachyus var. Lupinus gracilentus Trifolium polyodon
Ribes tularense
lanosissimus Lupinus guadalupensis Trifolium trichocalyx
Ribes viburnifolium
Astragalus pycnostachyus var. Lupinus holmgrenanus Ribes victoris
pycnostachyus Lupinus lapidicola Fagaceae
Astragalus rattanii jepsonianus
var. Lupinus latifoliusvar. barbatus
Astragalus rattanii rattanii Lupin us lepidus culbertsonii Helodiaceae
var. var.
Quercus cedrosensis
Astragalus serenoi var. shockleyi Lupin us lepidus var.utahensis Quercus dumosa
Astragalus shevockii Lupinus ludovicianus He/odium blandowii
Quercus durata var.gabrielensis
Astragalus subvestitus Lupinus magnificus var. glarecola Quercus engelmannii
Astragalus tener var.ferrisiae Lupinus magnificus var. hesperius Quercus pacifica Hyd rophyl l aceae
Astragalus tener var.tener Lupinus magnificus var. magnificus Quercus parvula var.parvula
Astragalus tener var.titi Lupinus milo-bakeri Quercus parvula var.tamalpaisensis Eriodictyon altissimum
Astragalus traskiae Lupinus nevadensis Quercus tomente/la Eriodictyon angustifolium
Astragalus tricarinatus Lupinus nipomensis Quercus turbine/la Eriodictyon capitatum
Astragalus umbraticus Lupinus padre-crowleyi Nama dichotomum var.

Astragalus webberi Lupinus peirsonii dichotomum

Fissidentaceae Nama stenocarpum
Astragalus whitneyi var. lenophyllus Lupinus pusi/lus var. intermontanus
Calliandra eriophylla Lupinus sericatus Nemophila brevif/ora
Fissidens aphelotaxifolius
Cercidium microphyllum Lupinus spectabilis Nemophila parvif/ora quercifolia
var.
Fissidens pauperculus
Dalea ornata Lupinus tidestromii Phacelia amabilis
Hoita strobilina Lupinus tracyi Phacelia anelsonii
Lathyrus bif/orus Lupinus uncialis Frankeniaceae Phacelia argentea
Lathyrus delnorticus Marina orcuttii var.orcuttii Phacelia ciliatavar. opaca
Lathyrus glandulosus Oxytropis def/exa var. sericea Frankenia palmeri Phacelia cinerea
LathyrusJaponicus Oxytropis oreophila oreophila
var. Phacelia coerulea
LathyrusJepsonii Jepsonii
va r. Oxytropis parryi Fu nariaceae Phacelia cookei
Lathyrus palustris Pediomelum castoreum Phacelia dalesiana
Lathyrus rigidus Peteria thompsoniae Entosthodon kochii Phacelia exilis
Lathyrus splendens Phaseolus filiformis Phacelia f/oribunda
Lathyrus sulphureus argillaceus
var. Psoralidium lanceolatum Gentianaceae Phacelia greenei
Lotus argophyllus var.adsurgens Psorothamnus arborescens var. Phacelia gymnoclada
Lotus argophyllus var. niveus arborescens Gentiana affinis var.parvidentata Phacelia insularis var.continentis
Lotus argyraeus multicaulis
var. Psorothamnus fremontii var.
Gentiana fremontii Phacelia insularis var.insularis
Lotus argyraeus notitius
var. attenuatus Centiana plurisetosa Phacelia inundata
Lotus crassifolius otayensis
var. Robinia neomexicana Gentiana prostrata Phacelia inyoensis
Lotus dendroideus dendroideus
var. Rupertia ha/Iii Phacelia leonis
 378 A P P E N D I X V : P L A N T S B Y F A M I LY

Phacelia mohavensis Lam iaceae Teucrium glandulosum Brodiaea pa/Iida

Phacelia monoensis Trichostema austromontanum ssp. Calochortus catalinae
Phacelia mustelina Acanthomintha duttonii compactum Calochortus clavatus var. avius
Phacelia nashiana Acanthomintha ilicifolia Trichostema micranthum Calochortus clavatus var. clavatus
Phacelia novenmillensis Acanthomintha lanceolata Trichostema ovatum Calochortus clavatus var. gracilis
Phacelia orogenes Acanthomintha obovata ssp. Trichostema rubisepalum Calochortus clavatus var.
Phacelia parishii cordata recurvifolius
Phacelia peirsoniana Acanthomintha obovata ssp. Calochortus dunnii
obovata Lem n aceae
Phacelia perityloides var. jaegeri Calochortus excavatus
Phacelia phacelioides Hedeoma nanum var. californicum Calochortus greenei
Wolffia brasiliensis
Phacelia pulchella var. gooddingii Lepechinia cardiophylla Calochortus longebarbatus var.
Phacelia sericea var. ciliosa Lepechinia fragrans /ongebarbatus
Lepechinia ganderi Len n oaceae
Phacelia stebbinsii Calochortus monanthus
Phacelia stellaris Lycopus uniflorus Calochortus obispoensis
Monarda pectinata Pholisma sonorae
Phacelia suaveolens ssp. keckii Calochortus palmeri var. munzii
Pholistoma auritum var. Monardella antonina ssp. antonina Calochortus palmeri var. palmeri
arizonicum Monardella antonina ssp. Lenti b u lariaceae Calochortus panamintensis
Romanzoffia tra<yi benitensis Calochortus persistens
Monardella beneolens Pinguicula vulgaris ssp. macroceras Calochortus plummerae
Monardella candicans Utricularia intermedia Calochortus pulchellus
l ri d aceae Monardella cinerea Utricularia minor Calochortus raichei
Monardella crispa Utricularia ochroleuca Calochortus simulans
Iris bracteata Monardella douglasii ssp. venosa
Iris hartwegii ssp. columbiana Calochortus striatus
Monardella follettii Lil iaceae Calochortus syntrophus
Iris innominata Monardella frutescens
Iris munzii Calochortus tiburonensis
Monardella hypoleuca ssp. lanata Agave shawii Calochortus umbellatus
Iris tenax ssp. klamathensis Monardella leucocephala
Sisyrinchium funereum Agave utahensis var. eborispina Calochortus weedii var. intermedius
Monardella linoides ssp. oblonga Agave utahensis var. nevadensis Calochortus weedii var. vestus
Monardella linoides ssp. viminea Allium atrorubens var. atrorubens Calochortus westonii
J uglandaceae Monardella macrantha ssp. ha/Iii Allium atrorubens var. cristatum Chlorogalum grandiflorum
Monardella nana ssp. leptosiphon Allium fimbriatum var. purdyi Chlorogalum pomeridianum var.
Jug/ans californica Monardella palmeri Allium hickmanii minus
Jug/ans hindsii Monardella pringlei Chlorogalum purpureum var.
Allium hoffmanii
Monardella robisonii Allium howellii var. clokeyi purpureum
j u ncaceae Monardella stebbinsii Allium Jepsonii Chlorogalum purpureum var.
Monardella undulata Allium marvinii reductum
Juncus acutus ssp. leopoldii Monardella villosa ssp. globosa Allium munzii Erythronium citrinum var. citrinum
Juncus cooperi Monardella viridis ssp. saxicola Allium nevadense Erythronium citrinum var.
juncus dudleyi Monardella viridis ssp. viridis Allium parishii roderickii
Juncus duranii Pogogyne abramsii A Ilium peninsulare var. Erythronium helenae
Juncus hemiendytus var. abjectus Pogogyne clareana franciscanum Erythronium hendersonii
Juncus leiospermus var. ahartii Pogogyne floribunda Allium sanbornii var. congdonii Erythronium howellii
Juncus /eiospermus var. leiospermus Pogogyne nudiuscula A Ilium sanbornii var. sanbornii Erythronium klamathense
Juncus marginatus var. marginatus Poliomintha incana Allium sharsmithae Erythronium pluriflorum
Juncus nodosus Salvia brandegeei Allium shevockii Erythronium pusaterii
Juncus regelii Salvia dorrii var. incana Allium siskiyouense Erythronium revolutum
Juncus supiniformis Salvia eremostachya Allium tribracteatum Erythronium taylorii
Salvia fimerea Allium tuolumnense Erythronium tuolumnense
Salvia greatae Alliumyosemitense Fritillaria agrestis
j u n cagi n aceae
Salvia munzii Androstephium breviflorum Fritillaria biflora var. ineziana
Triglochin palustris Satureja chandleri Bloomeria humilis Fritillaria brandegei
Scutellaria bolanderi ssp. Brodiaea californica var. leptandra Fritillaria eastwoodiae
austromontana Brodiaea coronaria ssp. rosea Fritillaria falcata
Koeberli n i aceae Scutellaria galericulata Brodiaea filifolia Fritillaria /anceo/ata var. tristulis
Scutellaria holmgreniorum Brodiaea insignis Fritillaria liliacea
Koeberlinia spinosa ssp. tenuispina Scutellaria lateriflora Brodiaea kinkiensis Fritillaria ojaiensis
Stachys palustris ssp. pilosa Brodiaea orcuttii Fritillaria pinetorum

Fritillaria pluriflora
Fritillaria purdyi
Fritillaria roderickii
Fritillaria striata
Fritillaria viridea
Lilium bolanderi
Lilium humboldtii ssp. humboldtii
Lifium humboldtii ssp. ocellatum
Lilium kelloggii
Lilium maritimum
Lilium occidentale
Lilium pardalinum ssp. pitkinense
Lilium pardalinum ssp. vollmeri
Lilium pardalinum ssp. wigginsii
Lilium parryi
Lilium rubescens
Lilium washingtonianum ssp.
purpurascens
Mui/la clevelandii
Mui/la coronata
Nolina cismontana
Nolina interrata
Trillium ovatum ssp. oettingeri
Triteleia clementina
Triteleia crocea var. crocea
Trite/eia crocea var. modesta
Triteleia grandiflora ssp. howellii
Triteleia hendersonii var.
hendersonii
Triteleia ixioides ssp. cookii
Triteleia lugens
Veratrum fimbriatum
Veratrum insolitum
Zigadenus micranthus var.
fontanus
Li m n anthaceae
Limnanthes bakeri
Limnanthes douglasii ssp.
sulphurea
Limnanthes floccosa ssp.
bellingeriana
Limnanthes floccosa ssp. californica
Limnanthes floccosa ssp. f/occosa
Limnanthes gracilis ssp. parishii
Limnanthes vinculans
Li naceae
Hesperolinon adenophyllum
Hesperolinon bicarpellatum
Hesperolinon breweri
Hesperolinon congestum
Hesperolinon didymocarpum
Hesperolinon drymarioides
A P P E N D I X V : P L A N T S B Y F A M I LY 379
Hesperolinon serpentinum Sidalcea keckii Camissonia sierrae ssp. alticola
Hesperolinon tehamense Sida/cea malachroides Camissonia sierrae ssp. sierrae
Sidalcea malvif/ora ssp. patula Camissonia tanacetifolia ssp.
Sidalcea malvif/ora ssp. purpurea quadriperforata
Loasaceae
Sidalcea neomexicana Clarkia amoena ssp. whitneyi
Eucnide rupestris Sidalcea oregana ssp. eximia Clarkia australis
Mentzelia eremophila Sidalcea oregana ssp. hydrophi/a Clarkia biloba ssp. australis
Mentzelia hirsutissima Sidalcea oregana ssp. valida Clarkia biloba ssp. brandegeae
Mentzelia torreyi Sidalcea pedata Clarkia borealis ssp. arida
Mentzelia tridentata Sidalcea robusta Clarkia borealis ssp. borealis
Peta/onyx thurberi ssp. gilmanii Sidalcea stipularis C/arkia breweri
Sphaeralcea grossulariifolia ssp. Clarkia concinna ssp. automixa
grossulariifolia Clarkia concinna ssp. raichei
Lycopod i aceae Sphaeralcea munroana Clarkia delicata
Sphaeralcea rusbyi var. eremicola Clarkia exilis
Lycopodiella inundata
C/arkia franciscana
Lycopodium c/avatum
M artyn iaceae Clarkia gracilis ssp. albicaulis
Clarkia gracilis ssp. tracyi
M alvaceae Proboscidea althaeifolia Clarkia imbricata
C/arkiajolonensis
Abutilon parvulum C/arkia lewisii
Erema/che kernensis M eesiaceae Clarkia lingulata
Herissantia crispa Clarkia mildrediae ssp. lutescens
Hibiscus lasiocarpus Meesia triquetra
Clarkia mildrediae ssp. mildrediae
Horsfordia alata Meesia uliginosa
Clarkia mosquinii
Horsfordia newberryi Clarkia rostrata
//iamna bakeri Nyctagi naceae Clarkia speciosa ssp. immaculata
//iamna latibracteata Clarkia springvillensis
Lavatera assurgentiflora ssp. Abronia alpina Clarkia tembloriensis ssp.
assurgentiflora Abronia maritima calientensis
Lavatera assurgentiflora ssp. glabra Abronia nana ssp. covillei Clarkia virgata
Malacothamnus abbottii Abronia umbellata ssp. breviflora Clarkia xantiana ssp. parviflora
Malacothamnus aboriginum Abronia villosa var. aurita Epilobium howellii
Malacothamnus arcuatus Acleisanthes longif/ora Epilobium luteum
Malacothamnus clementinus Mirabilis coccinea Epilobium nivium
Malacothamnus davidsonii Mirabilis greenei Epilobium oreganum
Malacothamnus fasciculatus var. Mirabilis tenuiloba Epilobium palustre
Selinocarpus nevadensis
nesioticus Epilobium rigidum
Malacothamnus gracilis Tripterocalyx crux-maltae Epilobium septentrionale
Malacothamnus ha/Iii Tripterocalyx micranthus Epilobium siskiyouense
Malacothamnus helleri Oenothera caespitosa ssp. crinita
Malacothamnusjonesii O n agraceae Oenothera californica ssp.
Malacothamnus mendocinensis eurekensis
Malacothamnus niveus Camissonia arenaria Oenothera deltoides ssp. howellii
Malacothamnus palmeri var. Camissonia benitensis Oenothera wolfii
involucratus Camissonia boothii ssp. alyssoides
Malacothamnus palmeri var. Camissonia boothii ssp. boothii
Ophioglossaceae
lucianus Camissonia boothii ssp. intermedia
Malacothamnus palmeri var. Camissonia claviformis ssp.
Botrychium ascendens
palmeri cruciformis Botrychium crenulatum
Malacothamnus parishii Camissonia guadalupensis ssp.
Botrychium lineare
Sidalcea calycosa ssp. rhizomata clementina
Botrychium lunaria
Sidalcea covillei Camissonia hardhamiae
Botrychium minganense
Sidalcea hickmanii ssp. anomala Camissonia integrifolia
Botrychium montanum
Sidalcea hickmanii ssp. hickmanii Camissonia kernensis ssp. kernensis
Botrychium pinnatum
Sidalcea hickmanii ssp. parishii Camissonia lewisii
Botrychium virginianum
Sidalcea hickmanii ssp. viridis Camissonia minor
380
Ophioglossum californicum
Ophioglossum pusillum
O rchidaceae
Corallorhiza trifida
Cypripedium californicum
Cypripedium fasciculatum
Cypripedium montanum
Listera cordata
Ma/axis monophyllos ssp.
brachypoda
Piperia candida
Piperia colemanii
Piperia cooperi
Piperia e/egans ssp. decurtata
Piperia leptopetala
Piperia michaelii
Piperiayadonii
Platanthera stricta
O robanchaceae
Boschniakia hookeri
Orobanche ludoviciana var. arenosa
Orobanche parishii ssp. brachyloba
Orobanche valida ssp. howellii
Orobanche valida ssp. valida
O rthotrichaceae
Orthotrichum shevockii
Orthotrichum spjutii
Oxal idaceae
Oxalis suksdorfii
Papaveraceae
Arctomecon merriamii
Canbya candida
Dendromecon harfordii var.
harfordii
Dendromecon harfordii var.
rhamnoides
Dicentra formosa ssp. oregana
Oicentra nevadensis
Eschscholzia hypecoides
Eschscholzia lemmonii ssp.
kernensis
Eschscholzia minutiflora ssp.
twisselmannii
Eschscholzia procera
Eschscholzia ramosa
APPEN D IX V: P LA N T S B Y F A M I LY
Eschscholzia rhombipetala Hordeum intercedens
Meconella oregano Leymus salinus ssp. mojavensis
Platystemon californicus var. Lycurus phleoides var. phleoides
ciliatus Melica spectabilis
Romneya coulteri Muhlenbergia appressa
Muhlenbergia arsenei
Philad e l p h aceae Muhlenbergia californica
Muhlenbergia fragilis
Carpenteria californica Muhlenbergiajonesii
Fend/ere/la utahensis Muhlenbergia pauciflora
)amesia americana var. rosea Munroa squarrosa
Neostapfia colusana
Orcuttia californica
Pinaceae
Orcuttia inaequalis
Orcuttia pilosa
Abies amabilis
Orcuttia tenuis
Abies bracteata
Orcuttia viscida
Abies lasiocarpa var. lasiocarpa
Oryzopsis exigua
Picea engelmannii
Piptatherum micranthum
Pinus contorta ssp. bolanderi
Pleuropogon californicus var. davyi
Pinus edulis
Pleuropogon hooverianus
Pinus longaeva
Pleuropogon refractus
Pinus radiata
Poa abbreviata ssp. marshii
Pinus torreyana ssp. insularis
Poa abbreviata ssp. pattersonii
Pinus torreyana ssp. torreyana
Poa atropurpurea
Poa lettermanii
Poaceae Paa napensis
Poa piperi
Achnatherum aridum Poa rhizomata
Achnatherum diegoense Puccinellia howellii
Achnatherum lemmonii var. Puccinellia parishii
pubescens Puccinellia pumila
Agrostis blasdalei Scleropogon brevifolius
Agrostis hendersonii Spartina gracilis
Agrostis hooveri Sphenopho/is obtusata
Agrostis humilis Swa//enia alexandrae
Alopecurus aequalis var. Tuctoria greenei
sonomensis T. mucronata
Blepharidachne kingii
Bouteloua eriopoda
Polemoniaceae
Bouteloua trifida
Calamagrostis bolanderi
Collomia diversifolia
Calamagrostis crassiglumis
Collomia larsenii
Calamagrostis foliosa
Collomia rawsoniana
Calamagrostis ophitidis
Collomia tracyi
Cinna bolanderi
Eriastrum brandegeae
Deschampsia atropurpurea
Eriastrum densifolium ssp.
Dichanthelium lanuginosum var.
sanctorum
thermale
Eriastrum hooveri
Dissanthelium californicum
Eriastrum luteum
Efymus californicus
Eriastrum tracyi
Elymus scribneri
Eriastrum virgatum
Enneapogon desvauxii
Cilia capitata ssp. chamissonis
Erioneuron pilosum
Cilia capitata ssp. pacifica
Festuca minutiflora
Cilia capitata ssp. tomentosa
Clyceria grandis
Cilia caruifolia
Hierochloe odorata
Cilia interior
Cilia latiflora ssp. cuyamensis
Cilia leptantha ssp. leptantha
Cilia leptantha ssp. pinetorum
Cilia millefoliata
Cilia nevinii
Cilia ripleyi
Cilia sinistra ssp. pinnatisecta
Cilia tenuiflora ssp. amplifaucalis
Cilia tenuiflora ssp. arenaria
Cilia tenuiflora ssp. hoffmannii
Ciliayorkii
lpomopsis effusa
lpomopsis tenuifolia
Leptodactylon californicum ssp.
tomentosum
Leptodactylon jaegeri
Linanthus acicularis
Linanthus ambiguus
Linanthus bellus
Linanthus concinnus
Linanthus croceus
Linanthus floribundus ssp. ha/Iii
Linanthus grandiflorus
LinanthusJepsonii
Linanthus killipii
Linanthus latisectus
Linanthus maculatus
Linanthus nuttal/ii ssp. howellii
Linanthus oblanceolatus
Linanthus orcuttii
Linanthus pygmaeus ssp. pygmaeus
Linanthus rattanii
Linanthus rosaceus
Linanthus serrulatus
Navarretia cotulifolia
Navarretia eriocephala
Navarretia fossalis
Navarretia heterandra
Navarretiajaredii
Navarretia Jepsonii
Navarretia leucocephala ssp. bakeri
Navarretia leucocephala ssp.
pauciflora
Navarretia leucocephala ssp.
plieantha
Navarretia myersii ssp. deminuta
Navarretia myersii ssp. myersii
Navarretia nigelliformis ssp.
radians
Navarretia peninsularis
Navarretia prolifera ssp. lutea
Navarretia prostrata
Navarretia rosulata
Navarretia setiloba
Navarretia subuligera
Phlox dispersa

Phlox dolichantha
Phlox hirsuta
Phlox muscoides
Polemonium chartaceum
Polygalaceae
Polygala acanthoclada
Polygala cornuta var. fishiae
Polygala heterorhyncha
Polygala intermontana
Polygala subspinosa
Polygonaceae
Aristocapsa insignis
Chorizanthe biloba var. immemora
Chorizanthe blakleyi
Chorizanthe breweri
Chorizanthe cuspidata var.
cuspidata
Chorizanthe cuspidata var. villosa
Chorizanthe douglasii
Chorizanthe howellii
Chorizanthe leptotheca
Chorizanthe orcuttiana
Chorizanthe palmeri
Chorizanthe parryi var. fernandina
Chorizanthe parryi var. parryi
Chorizanthe polygonoides var.
longispina
Chorizanthe pungens var.
hartwegiana
Chorizanthe pungens var. pungens
Chorizanthe rectispina
Chorizanthe robusta var. hartwegii
Chorizanthe robusta var. robusta
Chorizanthe spinosa
Chorizanthe valida
Chorizanthe ventricosa
Chorizanthe wheeleri
Chorizanthe xanti var. leucotheca
Oedeckera eurekensis
Oodecahema !eptoceras
Eriogonum alpinum
Eriogonum apricum var. apricum
Eriogonum apricum var. prostratum
Eriogonum argi!!osum
Eriogonum baileyi var. praebens
Eriogonum bifurcatum
Eriogonum breedlovei var.
breedlovei
Eriogonum breedlovei var. shevockii
Eriogonum butterworthianum
Eriogonum collinum
Eriogonum congdonii
A P P E N D I X V: P LA N TS
Eriogonum contiguum
Eriogonum crocatum
Eriogonum diclinum
Eriogonum eastwoodianum
Eriogonum eremicola
Eriogonum ericifo/ium var. thornei
Eriogonum foliosum
Eriogonum giganteum var.
compactum
Eriogonum giganteum var.
formosum
Eriogonum giganteum var.
giganteum
Eriogonum gilmanii
Eriogonum gossypinum
Eriogonum grande var. grande
Eriogonum grande var. rubescens
Eriogonum grande var. timorum
Eriogonum heermannii var.
f/occosum
Eriogonum heermannii var.
occidentale
Eriogonum heracleoides var.
heracleoides
Eriogonum hirtellum
Eriogonum hoffmannii var.
hoffmannii
Eriogonum hoffmannii var.
robustius
Eriogonum intrafractum
Eriogonum kelloggii
Eriogonum kennedyi var. alpigenum
Eriogonum kennedyi var.
austromontanum
Eriogonum kennedyi var. pinicola
Eriogonum libertini
Eriogonum luteolum var. caninum
Eriogonum microthecum var.
a!pinum
Eriogonum microthecum var.
Johnstonii
Eriogonum microthecum var.
lapidicola
Eriogonum microthecum var.
panamintense
Eriogonum nervulosum
Eriogonum nortonii
Eriogonum nudum var. decurrens
Eriogonum nudum var. indictum
Eriogonum nudum var. murinum
Eriogonum nudum var. paralinum
Eriogonum nudum var. regirivum
Eriogonum nutans var. nutans
Eriogonum ochrocephalum var.
alexanderae
Eriogonum ochrocephalum var.
ochrocephaIum
BY F A M I LY
Eriogonum ovalifolium var.
eximium
Eriogonum ovalifolium var. vineum
Eriogonum pendulum
Eriogonum po!ypodum
Eriogonum prattenianum var.
avium
Eriogonum prociduum
Eriogonum puberulum
Eriogonum pyrolifolium var.
pyrolifolium
Eriogonum shockleyi var. shockleyi
Eriogonum siskiyouense
Eriogonum strictum var. greenei
Eriogonum temblorense
Eriogonum ternatum
Eriogonum tripodum
Eriogonum truncatum
Eriogonum twisselmannii
Eriogonum umbellatum var.
bahiiforme
Eriogonum umbellatum var.
glaberrimum
Eriogonum umbellatum var.
humistratum
Eriogonum umbellatum var.
juniporinum
Eriogonum umbellatum var. minus
Eriogonum umbellatum var.
torreyanum
Eriogonum vestitum
Eriogonum wrightii var. olanchense
Ci/mania luteola
Goodmania !uteola
Mucronea californica
Nemacaulis denudata var.
denudata
Nemacaulis denudata var. graci/is
Oxytheca caryophylloides
Oxytheca emarginata
Oxytheca parishii var. abramsii
Oxytheca parishii var. cienegensis
Oxytheca parishii var. goodmaniana
Oxytheca watsonii
Polygonum bidwelliae
Polygonum hickmanii
Polygonum marinense
Polygonum polygaloides ssp.
esotericum
Rumex venosus
Systenotheca vortriedei
Po rtu l acaceae
Calandrinia breweri
Calandrinia maritima
381
Calandrinia parryi var. hesseae
Calandrinia pulchellum
Calandrinia quadripetalum
Claytonia lanceolata var. peirsonii
Claytonia megarhiza
Claytonia palustris
Claytonia umbellata
Lewisia brachyca!yx
Lewisia cantelovii
Lewisia congdonii
Lewisia cotyledon var. heckneri
Lewisia cotyledon var. howellii
Lewisia disepala
Lewisia kelloggii ssp. hutchisonii
Lewisia longipetala
Lewisia oppositifolia
Lewisia serrata
Lewisia stebbinsii
Mantia howellii
Portulaca halimoides
Potamogetonaceae
Potamogeton epihydrus ss p .
nuttallii
Potamogeton filiformis
Potamogeton fo!iosus var. fibrillosus
Potamogeton praelongus
Potamogeton robbinsii
Potamogeton zosteriformis
Pottiaceae
Didymodon norrisii
Pterygoneurum californicum
Scopelophila cataractae
Torte/la a/pico/a
Tortu/a californica
Triquetrella californica
Pri m u l aceae
Androsace elongata ssp. acuta
Androsace filiformis
Androsace occidentalis var. simplex
Oodecatheon pulchellum
Trientalis arctica
Pteridaceae
Argyrochosma limitanea var.
limitanea
Aspidotis carlotta-halliae
Astrolepis cochisensis ssp. cochisensis
Cheilanthes wootonii
Pellaea truncata
382 APPEN D IX V: P LA N T S B Y F A M I LY

Pterigyn and raceae
Myurella julacea
Raffiesiaceae
Pilostyles thurberi
Ran un culaceae
Delphinium bakeri
Delphinium californicum ssp.
interius
Delphinium gypsophilum ssp.
gypsophilum
Delphinium gypsophilum ssp.
parviflorum
Delphinium hansenii ssp.
ewanianum
Delphinium hesperium ssp.
cuyamacae
Delphinium hutchinsoniae
Delphinium inopinum
Delphinium luteum
Delphinium parishii ssp.
subglobosum
Delphinium parryi ssp.
blochmaniae
Delphinium parryi ssp. purpureum
Delphinium purpusii
Delphinium recurvatum
Delphinium stachydeum
Delphinium uliginosum
Delphinium umbraculorum
Delphinium variegatum ssp.
kinkiense
Delphinium variegatum ssp.
thornei
Myosurus minimus ssp. apus
Ceanothus gloriosus var. gloriosus Lyonothamnus floribundus ssp. Galium munzii
Ceanothus gloriosus var. porrectus aspleniifolius Galium nuttallii ssp. insulare
Ceanothus hearstiorum L.yonothamnus floribundus ssp. Galium oreganum
Ceanothus maritimus f/oribundus Galium serpenticum ssp. scotticum
Ceanothus masonii Neviusia cliftonii Galium serpenticum ssp.
Ceanothus megacarpus var. Petrophyton caespitosum ssp. warnerense
insularis acuminatum Galium wrightii
Ceanothus ophiochilus Physocarpus alternans
Ceanothus otayensis Potentilla basaltica Sal icaceae
Ceanothus pinetorum Potentilla concinna
Ceanothus purpureus Potentilla cristae Populus angustifolia
Ceanothus roderickii Potentilla glandulosa ssp. ewanii Salix bebbiana
Ceanothus sonomensis Potentilla gracilis
var. pulcherrima Salix brachycarpa ssp. brachycarpa
Ceanothus verrucosus Potentilla hickmanii Salix delnortensis
Colubrina californica Potentilla morefieldii Salix nivalis
Condalia globosa pubescens
var. Potentilla multijuga
Rhamnus pirifolia Potentilla newberryi
Potentilla rimicola Sarraceniaceae
Rosaceae Prunus fasciculatavar. punctata
Darlingtonia californica
Rosa minutifolia
Cercocarpus betuloides var.
Rosa pinetorum
blancheae Rubus glaucifoliusvar. ganderi Saxifragaceae
Cercocarpus traskiae Rubus nivalis
Sanguisorba officinalis Bensoniella oregona
Chamaebatia australis
Bolandra californica
Geum aleppicum
Heuchera abramsii
Horkelia bolanderi Ru biaceae
Heuchera brevistaminea
Horkelia congesta ssp. nemorosa
Heuchera elegans
Horkelia cuneata ssp. puberula Galium andrewsii ssp. gatense
Heuchera hirsutissima
Horkelia cuneata ssp. sericea Galium angustifolium ssp.
Heuchera maxima
Horkelia hendersonii borregoense
Heuchera parishii
Horkelia hispidula Galium angustifolium ssp.
Heuchera rubescens var. versicolor
Horkelia marinensis gabrielense
jepsonia heterandra
Horkelia parryi Galium angustifolium ssp.
jepsonia malvifolia
Horkelia sericata gracillimum
Lithophragma maximum
Horkelia tenuiloba Galium angustifolium ssp.
Mite/la caulescens
Horkelia truncata jacinticum
Parnassia cirrata
Horkelia tularensis Galium angustifolium ssp. onycense
Saxifraga cespitosa
Horkelia wilderae Galium buxifolium
Saxifraga howellii
Horkeliayadonii Galium californicum ssp. luciense

I
Ranunculus hydrocharoides Saxifraga nuttallii
lvesia aperta
var. aperta Galium californicum ssp.
Ranunculus lobbii Saxifraga rufidula
lvesia aperta
var. canina miguelense
Ranunculus macounii Tiarella trifoliata
var.trifoliata
lvesia arl)'rocoma Galium californicum ssp. primum
Thalictrum alpinum lvesia arizonica
var. arizonica Galium californicum ssp. sierrae
lvesia baileyi
var. baileyi Galium catalinense ssp. acrispum Scheuchzeriaceae
I
Rham n aceae lvesia baileyi
var. beneolens Galium catalinense ssp. catalinense
lvesia ca/Iida Galium clementis Scheuchzeria palustris var.

Adolphia californica lvesia campestris Galium cliftonsmithii americana

Ceanothus confusus lvesiajaegeri Galium glabrescens ssp. modocense
Ceanothus cuneatus fascicularis
var.
lvesia kingii
var. kingii Galium grande Scroph u l ariaceae
Ceanothus cuneatus rigidus
var.
lvesia longibracteata Galium hardhamiae
Ceanothus ryaneus lvesia paniculata Galium hilendiae ssp. carneum Antirrhinum ryathiferum
Ceanothus divergens lvesia patellifera Galium hilendiae ssp. kingstonense Antirrhinum ovatum
Ceanothus ferrisae lvesia pickeringii Galium hypotrichium ssp. Antirrhinum subcordatum
Ceanothus foliosus vineatus
var.
lvesia sericoleuca tomentellum Antirrhinum virga
Ceanothus fresnensis lvesia unguiculata Galium jepsonii Castilleja affinis ssp. litoralis
Ceanothus gloriosus exaltatus
var.
lvesia webberi Galium johnstonii Castilleja affinis ssp. neglecta
 APPEN D I X V: P LA N TS BY F A M I LY 383

Sphae rocarpaceae
Castilleja ambigua ssp. Maurandya petrophila Penstemon fruticiformis var.
humboldtiensis Mimulus acutidens amargosae
Geothallus tuberosus
Castilleja campestris ssp. Mimulus aridus Penstemon heterodoxus var.
shastensis Sphaerocarpus dreweri
succulenta Mimulus brandegei
Castilleja cinerea Mimulus clevelandii Penstemon janishiae
Castilleja densiflora ssp. Mimulus cusickii Penstemon newberryi var. Sphagn aceae
obispoensis Mimulus diffusus sonomensis
Castilleja gleasonii Mimulus evanescens Penstemon papillatus Sphagnum strictum
Castilleja grisea Mimulus exiguus Penstemon personatus
Castilleja hispida ssp. brevilobata Mimulus filicaulis Penstemon rattanii var. kleei Splac h n aceae
Castilleja lanata ssp. hololeuca Mimulus flemingii Penstemon scapoides
Castilleja lasiorhyncha Mimulus glabratus ssp. utahensis Penstemon stephensii Tay/aria lingulata
Castilleja latifolia Mimulus glaucescens Penstemon sudans
Castilleja mendocinensis Mimulus gracilipes Penstemon thompsoniae
Stercu l i aceae
Castilleja miniata ssp. elata Mimulus grayi Penstemon thurberi
Castilleja mollis Mimulus inconspicuus Penstemon tracyi Ayenia compacta
Castilleja montigena Mimulusjohnstonii Penstemon utahensis Fremontodendron decumbens
Castilleja plagiotoma Mimulus laciniatus Scrophularia atrata Fremontodendron mexicanum
Castilleja rubicundula ssp. Mimulus microphyllus Scrophularia villosa
rubicundula Mimulus mohavensis Stemodia durantifolia
Castilleja schizotricha Mimulus norrisii Synthyris missurica ssp. missurica Thelypteridaceae
Castilleja uliginosa Mimulus nudatus Triphysaria floribunda
Veronica copelandii Thelypteris puberula var. sonorensis
Collinsia corymbosa Mimulus parryi
Collinsia multicolor Mimulus pictus Veronica cusickii
Cordylanthus capitatus Mimulus pulchellus Thymelaeaceae
Cordylanthus eremicus ssp. Mimulus purpureus Selagi nellaceae
eremicus Mimulus pygmaeus Dirca occidentalis
Cordylanthus eremicus ssp. Mimulus rattanii ssp. decurtatus Selaginella asprella
kernensis Mimulus rupicola Selaginella densa var. scopulorum Typh aceae
Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. Mimulus shevockii Selaginella eremophila
maritimus Mimulus subsecundus Selaginella leucobryoides Sparganium natans
Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. Mimulus traskiae
palustris Mimulus whipplei
S i maroubaceae Val erianaceae
Cordylanthus mollis ssp. hispidus Orthocarpus cuspidatus ssp.
Cordylanthus mollis ssp. mollis cuspidatus Valeriana occidentalis
Caste/a emoryi
Cordylanthus nidularius 0. pachystachyus
Cordylanthus orcuttianus Pedicularis bracteosa var. f/avida
Cordylanthus palmatus Pedicularis centranthera S m i l acaceae Verbenaceae
Cordylanthus parviflorus Pedicularis contorta
Cordylanthus rigidus ssp. Pedicularis crenulata Smilaxjamesii Aloysia wrightii
brevibracteatus Pedicularis dudleyi Verbena californica

, Cordylanthus rigidus ssp. littoralis Pedicularis howellii Solanaceae

f
Cordylanthus tecopensis Penstemon albomarginatus Violaceae
Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. barbatus Penstemon barnebyi Lycium brevipes var. hassei
Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. brunneus Penstemon bicolor ssp. roseus Lycium californicum Viola aurea
Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. capillaris Penstemon calcareus Lycium parishii Viola langsdorfii
Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. pallescens Penstemon californicus Lycium verrucosum Viola palustris
Galvezia speciosa Penstemon cinereus Oryctes nevadensis Viola pinetorum ssp. grisea
Gratia/a heterosepala Penstemon cinicola Physalis lobata Viola primulifolia ssp. occidentalis
Limosella subulata Penstemon clevelandii var. connatus Solanum clokeyi Viola tomentosa
Maurandya antirrhiniflora ssp. Penstemon filiformis Solanum wallacei
antirrhiniflora
 Plants New to this Edi t ion
[ APPEN D IX VI
h e fol lowing list incl udes all the plants that are new to this edition. A few have been considered but rejected o r over­
looked in past editions, but most are either newly described, newly d iscovered to be in California, or more endangered
now than previously. For the first ti me nonvascular taxa are inclu ded in this edition of the Inventory and are l isted below.
No nvascu lar Taxa
Anomobryum filiforme
Atractylocarpus flagellaceus
Bruchia bolanderi
Didymodon norrisii
Discelium nudum
Entosthodon kochii
Fissidens aphelotaxifolius
Fissidens pauperculus
Geothallus tuberosus
He/odium blandowii
Meesia triquetra
Meesia uliginosa
Mielichhoferia elongata
Mielichhoferia tehamensis
Myurella julacea
Orthotrichum shevockii
Orthotrichum spjutii
Pohlia tundrae
Pterygoneurum californicum
Schizymenium shevockii
Scopelophila cataractae
Sphaerocarpos drewei
Sphagnum strictum
Tay/aria lingulata
Torte/la a/pico/a
Tortu/a californica
Trichodon cylindricus
Triquetrella californica
3 84
Vascu lar Taxa
Abronia villosa var. aurita
Abutilon parvulum
Agave utahensis var. eborispina
Ageratina herbacea
Alisma gramineum
Allium atrorubens var. cristatum
Allium marvinii
Allium peninsulare var.
franciscanum
Aloysia wrightii
Amaranthus watsonii
Amorpha ca/ifornica var. napensis
Androsace occidentalis var. simplex
Angelica kingii
Angelica lucida
Arabis hirshbergiae
Arabis repanda var. greenei
Arctostaphylos manzanita ssp.
elegans
Arctostaphylos parryana ssp.
tumescens
Arenaria congesta var.
charlestonensis
Arenaria lanuginosa ssp. saxosa
Artemisia nesiotica
Asclepias asperula ssp. asperula
Asclepias nyctaginifolia
Asplenium vespertinum
Astragalus agrestis
Astragalus cimae var. sufflatus
Astragalus didymocarpus var.
milesianus
Astragalus inyoensis
Astragalus iodanthus var.
diaphanoides
Astragalus lemmonii
Astragalus nuttallii var. nuttallii
Astragalus oophorus var. oophorus
Astragalus pycnostachyus var.
pycnostachyus
Astragalus whitneyi var. lenophyllus
Atriplex argentea var. hillmanii
A triplex erecticaulis
Atriplexgardneri var. falcata
A triplex persistens
Atriplex subtilis
Baccharis malibuensis
Balsamorhiza serrata
Betula pumila var. glandulifera
Botrychium lineare
Botrychium virginianum
Bouteloua eriopoda
Brodiaea californica var. leptandra
Bulbostylis capillaris
Calochortus syntrophus
Ca!Ystegia purpurata ssp. saxicola
Camissonia arenaria
Camissonia boothii ssp. intermedia
Camissonia claviformis ssp.
cruciformis
Camissonia sierrae ssp. sierrae
Cardamine bellidifolia var.
pachyphylla
Carex arcta
Carex atherodes
Carex buxbaumii
Carex inops ssp. inops
Carex tyngbyei
Carex occidentalis
Carex saliniformis
Carex scirpoidea ssp.
pseudoscirpoidea
Carex serpenticola
Carex tahoensis
Carex vallicola
Carex viridula var. viridula
Castilleja affinis ssp. litoralis
Castilleja densiflora ssp.
obispoensis
Castilleja rubicundula ssp.
rubicundula
Caulanthus coulteri var. lemmonii
Caulanthus major var. nevadensis
Ceanothus cuneatus var. fascicularis
Ceanothus gloriosus var. exaltatus
Ceanothus otayensis
Ceanothus pinetorum
Cercidium microphyllum
Chaenactis glabriuscula var.
orcuttiana
Chaetadelpha wheeleri
Chamaesyce abramsiana
Chamaesyce parryi
Chamaesyce revoluta
Chamaesyce vallis-mortae
Chorizanthe ventricosa
Chrysothamnus albidus
Chrysothamnus greenei
Cinna bolanderi
Cirsium praeteriens
Clarkia biloba ssp. brandegeae
Clarkia gracilis ssp. tracyi
Clarkia mildrediae ssp. lutescens
Cleomella brevipes
Cleomella hillmanii
Cordylanthus rigidus ssp.
brevibracteatus
Cryptantha glomeriflora
Cryptantha incana
Deinandra bacigalupii
Deinandra increscens ssp. foliosa
Deinandra panicu/ata
Dodecatheon pulchellum
Downingia laeta
Draba corrugata var. saxosa

Draba lonchocarpa var.
lonchocarpa
Draba praealta
Oudleya cymosa ssp. agourensis
Dudleya gnoma
Dudleya virens ssp. insularis
Enceliopsis nudicaulis var.
corrugata
Epilobium palustre
Eriastrum tracyi
Ericameria nana
Erigeron compactus var. compactus
Erigeron disparipilus
Erigeron nevadincola
Erigeron utahensis
Eriogonum baileyi var. praebens
Eriogonum collinum
Eriogonum giganteum var.
giganteum
Eriogonum heracleoides var.
heracleoides
Eriogonum microthecum var.
alpinum
Eriogonum ochrocephalum var.
ochrocephalum
Eriogonum pyrolifolium var.
pyrolifolium
Eriogonum umbellatum var.
bahiiforme
Eriophyllum confertiflorum var.
tanacetiflorum
Erodium macrophyllum
Eryngium pendletonensis
Erythronium revolutum
Erythronium taylorii
Festuca minutiflora
Fritillaria pinetorum
Cilia capitata ssp. chamissonis
Cilia capitata ssp. pacifica
Cilia capitata ssp. tomentosa
Cilia interior
Cilia leptantha ssp. leptantha
Cilia leptantha ssp. pinetorum
Cilia mil/efo/iata
Cilia sinistra ssp. pinnatisecta
Cilia tenuiflora ssp. amplifaucalis
Ciliayorkii
Cithopsis pulchella ssp.
serpentinicola
Cithopsis tenella
Clehnia littoralis ssp. leiocarpa
Hedeoma nanum var. californicum
Hesperevax caulescens
Heterotheca monarchensis
Hoita strobilina
Horkelia cuneata ssp. puberula
Horsfordia alata
APPEN DIX VI: P LA N T S N E W TO T H I S E D I T I O N 385
Horsfordia newberryi Mirabilis coccinea Pyrola chlorantha
Hu/sea nana Mirabilis greenei Pyrrocoma racemosa var.
Hu/sea vestita ssp. pygmaea Mite/la caulescens pinetorum
Hymenopappus filifo/ius var. nanus Monarda pectinata Quercus cedrosensis
Hymenothrix wrightii Moneses uniflora Quercus durata var. gabrielensis
Hymenoxys lemmonii Mortonia utahensis Quercus pacifica
Iva acerosa Muhlenbergia jonesii Quercus parvula var.
Iva nevadensis Navarretia cotulifolia tamalpaisensis
juncus cooperi Navarretia myersii ssp. deminuta Quercus turbine/la
Lasthenia ferrisiae Navarretia prostrata Ranunculus macounii
Lasthenia macrantha ssp. bakeri Nemophila breviflora Rhamnus pirifolia
Lasthenia macrantha ssp. Nolina cismontana Rhynchospora capitellata
macrantha Oreostemma elatum Ribes roezlii var. amictum
Lathyrusjaponicus Orobanche ludoviciana var. arenosa Robinia neomexicana
Lathyrus rigidus Oryzopsis exigua Romanzoffia tracyi
Lewisia kelloggii ssp. hutchisonii Osmorhiza depauperata Rosa pinetorum
Leymus salinus ssp. mojavensis Oxalis suksdorfii Rumex venosus
Linanthus croceus Oxytropis oreophila var. oreophila Schkuhria multiflora var. multiflora
LinanthusJepsonii Oxytropis parryi Schoenus nigricans
Linanthus latisectus Parnassia cirrata Scirpus pendulus
Linanthus rosaceus Pediomelum castoreum Sclerocactusjohnsonii
Lithospermum incisum Penstemon bicolor ssp. roseus Sedum pinetorum
Lomatium foeniculaceum var. Penstemon janishiae Senecio blochmaniae
macdougalii Penstemon scapoides Senecio bolanderi var. bolanderi
Lomatium grayi Penstemon sudans Senecio indecorus
Lomatium observatorium Penstemon thompsoniae Sibara deserti
Lonicera subspicata var. subspicata Penstemon utahensis Sibaropsis hammittii
Lupinus elmeri Pentachaeta aurea Sidalcea malviflora ssp. purpurea
Lupinus latifolius var. barbatus Pentachaeta fragilis Silene aperta
Lupinus lepidus var. utahensis Petradoria pumila ssp. pumila Silene oregana
Lupinus nevadensis Petrophyton caespitosum ssp. Sisyrinchium funereum
Lupinus pusillus var. intermontanus acuminatum Spergularia canadensis var.
Lupinus uncialis Phacelia coerulea occidentalis
Lycium californicum Phacelia :!)'mnoclada Spermolepis echinata
Machaeranthera gracilis Phacelia peirsoniana Sphaeralcea grossulariifolia ssp.
Malacothrix foliosa ssp. crispifolia Phacelia perityloides var. jaegeri grossulariifolia
Malacothrix foliosa ssp. philbrickii Physaria chambersii Sphaeralcea munroana
Malacothrix foliosa ssp. Physocarpus alternans Sphaeromeria potentilloides var.
polycephala Piperia colemanii nitrophila
Malacothrixjunakii Piperia cooperi Stachys palustris ssp. pilosa
Malacothrix phaeocarpa Piperia elegans ssp. decurtata Stanleya viridiflora
Malacothrix saxatilis var. saxatilis Piperia leptopetala Stellaria littoralis
Meconella oregana Plagiobothrys chorisianus var. Stemodia durantifolia
Mentzelia eremophila hickmanii Streptanthus barbiger
Mentzelia torreyi Plagiobothrys parishii Streptanthus breweri var. hesperidis
Mentzelia tridentata Plagiobothrys torreyi var. torreyi Suaeda occidentalis
Mertensia cusickii Platanthera stricta Swertia albomarginata
Mertensia longiflora Paa lettermanii Synthyris missurica ssp. missurica
Mertensia oblongifolia var. amoena Polyctenium fremontii var. fremontii Tetracoccus ha/Iii
Mertensia oblongifolia var. Polyctenium williamsiae Tetradymia tetrameres
oblongifolia Polygala acanthoclada Teucrium glandulosum
Microseris paludosa Polygala intermontana Thalictrum alpinum
Microseris sylvatica Po!ygonum hickmanii Thelypodium howellii ssp. howellii
Mimulus cusickii Potentilla gracilis var. pulcherrima Thelypodium integrifolium ssp.
Mimulus evanescens Psoralidium lanceolatum complanatum
Mimu/usjohnstonii Psorothamnus fremontii var. Thelypodium milleflorum
Mimulus parryi attenuatus Tonestus peirsonii
386 APPENDIX VI: P LA N T S N E W T O T H I S E D I T I O N

Townsendia condensata Trifoliumjokerstii Utricularia minor

Townsendia leptotes Triglochin palustris Utricu/aria ochroleuca
Tragia ramosa Tripteroca!yx crux-maltae Va/eriana occidentalis
Trifo/ium andersonii var. andersonii Tripterocalyx micranthus Viburnum ellipticum
Trifolium depauperatum var. Triteleia grandiflora ssp. howellii Wolffia brasiliensis
hydrophilum Triteleia lugens Zigadenus micranthus var. fontanus
Trifolium wmnocarpon var. Twisselmannia californica
plummerae Utricularia intermedia
 A P P E N D I X V I I : C N D D B C A L I F O R N I A N AT I V E S P E C I E S F I E L D S U R V E Y F O R M 387

C a l iforn i a Native S pecies Field Su rvey Form

M a i l to :
Natural Diversity Database
For 0 ffice Use Only
C a lifornia Dep a rtm e nt of Fish a nd G a m e
th
1 8 0 7 1 3 Stre e t, S u it e 202 Source Code Quad Code _______

Sacra m e n to, CA 9 5 8 1 4
Elm Code Occ. No. ________

Date o f Field Work:

EO I ndex No. ______ Map I ndex No.
�
��-

month (mm) date {dd) year (yyyy)

Scientific Name:

Comm o n Nam e :

Species Found? D D Reporter:

yes no If not, why? A ddress:

Total No. I ndividuals SL.bsequent Visit? D yes O no

Is this an existing N D D B occurrence? ___ O no Dunk.
Y e s , Occ. # Email A ddress:
Collection? If yes:
Phone: ( )
N umber M useum I Herbarium

Plant Information Animal Information

Age Structure:
Phenology: # adults # juveniles # unknown
% vegetative % flowering % fruiting D D D D D D
breedi1g wintering burrow site rookery nesting other

L o c a tio n (please also attach or draw map on back)

C o u nty: Landow n e r I M g r . :
Quad Name: E levatio n : ---------

T ---
R --- ---
1 /4 of ---
1 I4 of Section --
T --
R --- --
1 /4 of --
1 /4 of Section -----

U T M : Zone: ________________ ( 1 0, I I ) Datu m : ( N A D 8 3 , NAD 2 7 , W G 5 8 4 , other)

Sou rce: ---
( G P S , m a p & type , etc . ) Point Acc u racy: Me ters
UTM Coord i nates

Habitat Des crip tion (plant communities, dominants, associates, svbstrateslsoils, asrx;cts/slope)

O t h e r r a re s pecies?

S i t e In form a tio n Overa I I s ite q u a l ity : D Exce l lent 0 Good D Fair D Poor

C u rrent I s u rrou n d i n g land use :

V i s i b l e d i s tu r b a n ces I poss i b le threats:

C o m ments:

Determination: {check one o r more, a n d Iii i n blanks) Photographs: (check one or more) Slide Print
D Ke'.>€d (cite reference J Plant/ animal D D
D Comp'lred with �ecimen hwsed at: Habitat D D
D Com pared with photo I d rawilg i n : Diagnostic feature D D
D By another person (name):
May we obtain duplicates at our expeniXJ? D yes O no
D Other:
FG/WH D A B / 1 7 4 7 R e v . 1 1 /9 9
 Amsinckia grandiflora

Scientifi c Name
with Authorities
Amsinckia grandiflora ( G ray )
Greene
Fam i ly Name
Common Name " l arge-flowered fi d d l e neck" Boraginaceae
List 1 B / RED 3-3-3
State Endangered/Federal State and Federal
C N PS List and RED Code
Endangered Listi ng Status
Alameda, Con tra Costa, San Joaq u i n
444B, 444C, 445A, 464A, 464D
Distri bution Cismontane woodland, valley and Quadrangle
7. 5 '
foot h i l l grassland ; elevation 275-305 Distri bution
meters.
Habitat Types
Annual herb, blooms Apri l-May.
Elevational Range
Known fro m o n ly three natural occ u r­
Li fe Form rences. Reduced by agri cu lture, develop­
me nt, and grazi ng; currently threatened Bloo m i ng Period
by non-native p l ants and poss i b l y by
N otes altered fire freq u e ncy. Recent rei ntro­
d uctions have occu rred ( 444C, 464A,
464D) as part of State and Federal
recovery work, but most decl i n ing as of
1 9 94. USFWS has designated critical
hab itat. See Botany ofCalifornia 1 : 5 2 5
( 1 876) for origi nal descri pti o n , a n d Con­
servation Bio/of)' 7(3): 5 1 0-526 ( 1 993) for
popu lation biology.
N EW 2 0 0 1 E D ITI O N

\ '
A Complete Reference
Status and d istri b u ti o n s u m mari es fo r 2 , 0 73 of
Cal i fo rn ia's rarest p l a n ts "" �

A l l State and Fede ra l l y- l i sted p l an ts and can d i d ates �

H u n d reds m o re that s h o u l d be co n s i d e red i n

/
e nvi ro n m e n tal plan n i ng
'V

To pograp h i c q u ad d ata for over 1 , 5 0 0 p l ants and " I

co u n ty d ata fo r al l p l ants

--------- --------<

U sefu l N ew Revised
Featu res and U pdated
E l evatio n al range N ow i n c l u d es rare H u n d reds of status
fo r al l p l a n ts n o n -vasc u l ar taxa, revis i o n s and n a m e
N ew ap p e n d ix: i n c l u d i ng m osses changes
p l an ts by co m m o n and l ive rworts Thousands of
name Com p l ete l y cross- d istri butional

N ew, e asier to refe re nced to u pd ates

use taxon e n tries- The Jepson Manual Expanded s pecies

most codes and M o re than 3 0 0 n otes and l i te ratu re
abbreviatio n s p l a n ts added, refe re n ces
e l i m i n ated i n c l ud i ng recently- Every e ntry c ritical ly
d escri bed taxa reviewed for acc u racy

CALI FO R N I A N AT I V E P LA NT S O C I ETY
1 72 2 J Street, Suite 1 7, Sacramento, CA 9 5 8 1 4