Chapter 1.

Quadratics
1. Definition of quadratics functions
A quadratic function is a function of the form (where a,b,c are real numbers and ) and they
have interesting properties that make them behave very differently from linear functions.The shape of the graph of a
quadratic function is called a parabola.

2. Forms of quadratic functions

(1) The standard form

(2) The vertex form

(3) The factor form

Exercise:

e.g.1. Exercise 1A. Question 1(f)

e.g.2. Exercise 1B. Question 1(f)

e.g.3. Exercise 1A. Question 2(f)

3. Properties of quadratics
(1) Vertex:

(2) Axis of symmetry:

4. The quadratic formula and the discriminant

(1) The quadratic formula

(2) Discriminant

Discriminant Nature of roots

Two real and distinct roots

Two real and repeated roots

No real roots
(3) Derivation of quadratic formula

Derivation of quadratic formula:

So it proves.

(4) Vieta Formulas

More about quadratic functions: Vieta Formulas

In mathematics, Vieta's formulas are formulas that relate the coefficients of a polynomial to sums and products of its roots.

Question: Can Vieta theorem be applied into polynomials with higher degrees?

Exercise:

e.g.4 Exercise 1E. Question 2(c) : Equations with square root term

e.g.5 Exercise 1E. Question 1(a) : Equations with higher degree

e.g.6 Worked Example 1.12 : Equations with indice

5. Sketching the quadratic functions

6.Quadratic inequalities

Key point: If we multiply or divide both sides of an inequality by a negative number, then the inequality sign must
be reversed.

Exercise:

e.g.7 Exercise 1G. Question 2(c):

e.g.8 Exercise 1G. Question 2(f):

7.Intersection of a line and a quadratic curve

We can use the discriminant we have learned before the determine the number of point of intersection

Discriminant Nature of roots Line and curve

Two real and distinct roots Two distinct points of intersection

Two real and repeated roots One point of intersection (Line is a tangent to the curve)

No real roots No points of intersection

Exercise:

e.g.9. Exercise 1I. Question 8.

e.g.10. Exercise 1I. Question 11.

End-of-Chapter 1