Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

* 2 2 6 6 4 4 0 5 4 5 *

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 0680/13

Paper 1 October/November 2018
1 hour 30 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.

You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

This document consists of 14 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

DC (SCD (AC)) 148048/2

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1 The diagram shows a volcano erupting on a plate boundary.

surface of ocean

C
D

Key

direction of movement

(a) (i) Complete the table using letters A to F from the diagram.

feature letter

continental plate …………

ash and gas …………

lava and mud …………

magma …………

oceanic plate …………

subduction …………

[3]

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(ii) Name the type of plate boundary shown in the diagram.

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(b) Explain how volcanoes are formed at this type of plate boundary.

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(c) Suggest three hazards for people living on the slopes of an active volcano.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

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2 ................................................................................................................................................

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3 ................................................................................................................................................

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[3]

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2 The Arctic Ocean is in the Northern Hemisphere. Graphs A and B show the maximum and
minimum area of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean between 1979 and 2015.

Graph A, the maximum area of Arctic sea ice

17.0

16.5

16.0

area of 15.5
Arctic
sea ice 15.0
/ million km2
14.5

14.0

0.0
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
year

Graph B, the minimum area of Arctic sea ice

8.0

7.0

6.0

5.0
area of
Arctic
sea ice 4.0
/ million km 2
3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015

year

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(a) (i) State the year with the greatest maximum area of sea ice.

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(ii) State the minimum area of sea ice in 2012.

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(iii) Suggest in which month the data for graph B was likely to have been collected.

Circle your answer.

March May September December [1]

(iv) State the trend shown in both graphs.

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(b) Suggest three impacts of rising sea levels.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

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2 ................................................................................................................................................

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3 ................................................................................................................................................

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[3]

(c) Explain how human activities alter the composition of the atmosphere.

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3 The map shows information about flooding in Bangladesh.

heavy rain and melting snow N

on the mountains in CHINA
summer increases run-off

NE
PA
L
BHUTAN
u tr

a
p
ra hma
R .B

R.
G INDIA
a ng e s
BANGLADESH MYANMAR
10% of Bangladesh
is rivers, lakes
and wetland 70% of Bangladesh is
INDIA less than one metre
above sea level

cyclones in the autumn the rivers slow down

bring heavy rain and and deposit silt blocking
0 500 storm surges from the sea the main channels
km Bay of Bengal

Key
capital city

mountains

run-off from mountains

international boundary

(a) Use information on the map to describe three reasons for floods in Bangladesh.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

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2 ................................................................................................................................................

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3 ................................................................................................................................................

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[3]

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(b) Explain how deforestation in the mountains shown on the map could increase flooding in
Bangladesh.

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(c) Tree planting is one strategy to reduce the impact of flooding.

Suggest one other strategy.

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(d) Flooding increases the risk of water-related diseases.

Suggest two strategies to control water-related diseases.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

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2 ................................................................................................................................................

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[2]

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4 The diagram shows a food chain.

lynx

fox

mouse

plants

(a) Name a predator, consumer and producer from the food chain diagram.

predator .........................................................

consumer .......................................................

producer ........................................................
[3]

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(b) State four physical factors that affect an ecosystem.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

3 ................................................................................................................................................

4 .................................................................................................................................................
[4]

(c) Suggest ways in which wildlife might be affected by deforestation.

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5 The map shows areas in the world with a hot desert climate.

ASIA
NORTH
EUROPE
AMERICA

Tropic of Cancer

Equator AFRICA
SOUTH
AMERICA

Tropic of Capricorn OCEANIA

Key
areas with a hot desert climate

(a) Describe the distribution of areas with a hot desert climate shown on the map.

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(b) (i) Suggest why few countries in hot desert areas use desalination for fresh water supplies.

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(ii) Suggest one environmental problem caused by desalination.

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(c) Describe ways, other than by desalination, for improving the quantity of fresh water available.

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(d) Explain why some countries have plentiful supplies of fresh water.

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6 The diagram shows three population pyramids for 2015.

China 2015 age

100 +
95 – 99
male 90 – 94 female
85 – 89
80 – 84
75 – 79
70 – 74
65 – 69
60 – 64
55 – 59
50 – 54
45 – 49
40 – 44
35 – 39
30 – 34
25 – 29
20 – 24
15 – 19
10 – 14
5–9
0–4

65 52 39 26 13 0 0 13 26 39 52 65
population in millions

Ethiopia 2015 age

100 +
95 – 99
male 90 – 94 female
85 – 89
80 – 84
75 – 79
70 – 74
65 – 69
60 – 64
55 – 59
50 – 54
45 – 49
40 – 44
35 – 39
30 – 34
25 – 29
20 – 24
15 – 19
10 – 14
5–9
0–4

9.0 7.2 5.4 3.6 1.8 0 0 1.8 3.6 5.4 7.2 9.0
population in millions

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France 2015 age

100 +
95 – 99
male 90 – 94 female
85 – 89
80 – 84
75 – 79
70 – 74
65 – 69
60 – 64
55 – 59
50 – 54
45 – 49
40 – 44
35 – 39
30 – 34
25 – 29
20 – 24
15 – 19
10 – 14
5–9
0–4

3.0 2.4 1.8 1.2 0.6 0 0 0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4 3.0
population in millions

(a) Use the 2015 population pyramids to answer these questions.

(i) State the country with the largest population under 15 years of age.

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(ii) State the country with a steadily increasing birth rate.

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(iii) Rank the three countries in order of population of males in the age group 25 to 29.

rank of population of males

country
in the age group 25 to 29

highest 1 ………………………………

2 ………………………………

lowest 3 ………………………………

[1]

(b) State what is meant by the term infant mortality rate.

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(c) (i) In 1979, China introduced a one-child per family policy to manage population growth. In
2015, the government in China ended its one-child policy.

Suggest reasons why.

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(ii) Describe three other strategies for managing population growth.

1 .........................................................................................................................................

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2 .........................................................................................................................................

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3 .........................................................................................................................................

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[3]

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© UCLES 2018 0680/13/O/N/18