DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Region X-Northern Mindanao

n Division OF Malaybalay
MALAYBALAY CITY NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Zone-1, Aglayan, Malaybalay City

“Pharmacological evaluation and Species Richness of Cassia Fistula

in Malaybalay City, Bukidnon”

ASUNCION, KIM BRYAN H.

GENODIA, BZEN ICKY NIEL G.

JAMORA, JOHN STEPHEN T.

SARONG, KOBE BRIAN A.

S.Y. 2019-2020

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 Chapter I

Introduction

Nature has provided abundant plant wealth, which possess medicinal virtues for

all living creatures. The essential values of some plants have long been published but a

large number of them remain unexplored as yet. In the Philippines, wide use of

medicinal plant was used from local folks up to the modern age. One of the common

yet, the most used identified species is Cassia Fistula Linn. Commonly known as

Golden Shower. It is Cultivated as an ornamental flowering tree or sometimes planted

for its medicinal properties, Distributed from Luzon to Mindanao for it is a native to

tropical asia (Nagi et.al, 2010).

Cassia fistula Linn . also known as the golden shower tree belongs to the

family Caesalpiniaceae, is widely used for its medicinal properties, its main property

being that of a mild laxative suitable for children and pregnant women. It has been

used in different traditional system of medicines for various ailments since ancient

times. Cassia fistula Linn. grows throughout in Philippines and in many other Asian

countries such as India, China, Hong Kong, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Indonesia, and

Thailand (Ali,2014).

It is a moderate-sized, erect deciduous tree. Leaves are pinnate, smooth, 30 to

40 centimeters long. Leaflets are ovate, 8 to 16, about 10 centimeters long. Flowers are

fragrant and bright yellow, borne in long, lax racemes 30 to 50 centimeters long, on

stalks 3 to 5 centimeters long. Calyx is 6 to 8 millimeters long, smooth and deciduous.

Petals are veined, obovate, 18 to 25 millimeters long, bright yellow, and short-clawed

at the base. Stamens are all furnished with anthers, the 2 or 3 lower one being longer.

Fruit is an indehiscent pod, cylindric, 30 to 60 centimeters long, about 2.5 centimeters

thick, dark brown, pendulous, smooth and shiny. Seeds are numerous, 20 to 25,

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embedded in black, sweet pulp, completely separated by thin, transverse dissepiments,

small, ovoid, slightly compressed, smooth, shining, and yellowish brown (Duke,2014).

Pharmacology is the study of Therapeutic Value or Potential Toxicity of

Chemical Agents on Biological Systems. It targets every aspects of the mechanisms for

the chemical actions of both traditional and novel therapeutic agents (Bahorun

et.al,2012).

Evaluation research, also known as program evaluation, refers to research

purpose instead of a specific method. Evaluation research is the systematic assessment

of the worth or merit of time, money, effort and resources spent in order to achieve a

goal. It assess past researches or summarize to form new research (Bhat,2019).

Species richness is the number of different species represented in an ecological

community, landscape or region. Species richness is simply a count of species, and it

does not take into account the abundances of the species or their relative abundance

distributions. Species diversity takes into account both species richness and species

evenness.It is simply the number of species per unit of area, while biological diversity

is a broader term that can incorporate functional group diversity, number of trophic

levels or relative species abundance (Brown et.al, 2012).

Malaybalay City, is a 1st class city known for its Kaamulan Festival and capital

of the province of Bukidnon, Philippines. According to the 2015 census, it has a

population of 174,625 people. The city, dubbed as the "South Summer Capital of the

Philippines", is bordered north by Impasugong; west by Lantapan; south by Valencia

City and San Fernando; and east by Cabanglasan and Agusan del Sur. Being part of the

Bukidnon Province, Malaybalay had rich diversity of plant including Cassia Fistula

Linn. (DILG,2013). There had no known study relating to Cassia Fistula Linn. in

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Malaybalay making this study being the first not only in Malaybalay City premises but

also to Malaybalay City National Science High School.

Research Question

This study specifically aims to seek the answer of the following questions:

1. What pharmacological actions are carried out by Cassia Fistula Linn.?

a. Evaluate former researches relating to species pharmacological actions

b. Assess phytochemical material from former researches

2. What is the census of Cassia Fistula Linn. in the premises of Malaybalay City?

Scope and Limitation

The study only focuses on the evaluation of the pharmacological action relating

to phytochemical material from past researches and to the species richness of Cassia

Fistula Linn. in area per unit. The researchers will site only 3 sample area limiting to

observable degree by the researcher’s perspective. The researchers will only prefer fully

Reproductive Phase to Full Growth. This study will only be limited to the S.Y. 2019-

2020 of Malaybalay City National Science High School in relation to the second

semester of the school year. This study is only limited to the area of Malaybalay City

as the sample site.

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Importance of the study

The conclusion of this study will redound to the benefit of society and

environment considering that Cassia Fistula Linn. is currently known to be

economically valuable due to its medicinal value. The greater the evaluated researches

relating to Cassia Fistula Linn. pharmacological use will indicate a strong research

study generating synopsis of varied yet, reliable paper. The analyzation of its species

richness will contribute to the awareness of the local government whether the species

must be required to protect and promote for conservation and help assess the society

how beneficial Cassia Fistula Linn. is in terms of the medicinal field.

Conceptual Framework

Figure 1. shows the conceptual frame work of this study. It shows the

interconnectivity of the research to its research question.

Pharmacological
actions present
Cassi Fistula Linn.
in Malaybalay City
Premises Number of
Cassia Fistula
Linn.

Figure 1. The Conceptual Framework of the study

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 Figure 1 describe the concept of the study. This study relating to Cassia Fistula

Linn. sought to Evaluate the Pharmacological actions present in the specimen with the

use of evaluated past researches and analyze its Phytochemical Material liable for the

generation of the Pharmacological action with also by evaluating results from past

researches. This research also sought to validate the species richnes of Cassia Fistula

Linn. present in Malaybalay City premises by calculating the species number to its unit

accordingly to the given specific area.

Definition of Terms

For the better and tranquil understanding if the research study, the following

terms important and dominant term be describe promptly to its correlation to the study.

Pharmacological actions. refers and describes the beneficial or adverse effects of a

drug on living matter.

Phytochemical material. refers to the chemical compounds produced by Cassia Fistula

Linn. to generate pharmacological actions.

Species richness. Refers to the number or headcount of Cassia Fistula Linn. present in

the area of Malaybalay City.

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 Chapter II

Review of Related Literature

Cassia fistula Linn is known as Golden shower has therapeutics importance in

health care since ancient times. Research findings over the last two decade have

confirmed the therapeutics consequence of C. fistula in the health management via

modulation of biological activities due to the rich source of antioxidant. Several

findings based on the animal model have confirmed the pharmacologically safety and

efficacy and have opened a new window for human health management

(Rahmani,2015).

Edibility and Nutrition

Accordingly, Cassia Fistula Linn. is considered some of its part edible in rawand

mostly are not. Flowers consumed by Santal people of India as raw food not only for

medicine but also for food.00A0In Mizoram, flowers are fired and eaten as vegetable

and use as vials for meal. In Assam the tender buds and boiled and eaten as vegetable.

Edible fruit tissue reported to be rich in potassium, calcium, iron and manganese that

are very useful for human body nutrition. Flowers contain ceryl alcohol, kaempferol,

rhein, and a bianthroquinone glycoside, which on hydrolysis, yields fistulin and

rhamnose. Leaves contain rhein, rheinglucoside, and sennosides A and B.

(Barthakur et al. 2012).

In many part of Asia, The bark is an ingredient in betel paste, the slightly narcotic

masticatory that is popular in some areas of Asia but mostly, it is mainly used as

medicine.

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 The leaves or the Cassia Fistula Linn. foliage, contains 16% crude protein, 40%

carbohydrates with a 88% in vitro digestibility. FAO (Gohl, 1981) reports the leaves to

contain, on a zero moisture basis, 17.6 g protein, 66.8 g total carbohydrate, 30.2 g fiber,

7.8 g ash, 3 270 mg Ca, and 330 mg P per 100 g

The seeds contain contain 24% crude protein, 4% crude fat, 7% crude fiber, and

50% carbohydrates with a 81% in vitro digestibility.

The rootbark contains tannin, phlobaphenes, and oxyanthraquinone substances,

which probably consist of emodin and chrysophanic acid; also contains (bark and

heartwood) fistuacacidin, barbaloin, and rhein. Stembark contains lupeol, beta-

sitosterol, and hexacosanol (Norbyb et.al,2012).

Ethnomedicinal Uses

Parts of the Cassia Fistula Linn. is widely used as medicine in varied ethnic group,

but not limiting to ethnical groups, in a variety of ways.

The leaves of amaltas are laxative (Mulayyan-e- sadr) and used externally as

emollient, a poultice is used for insect bites, swelling, rheumatism and facial paralysis.

Leaves also possess anti periodic and laxative properties. They are specially used in

jaundice, piles, rheumatism ulcers and also externally skin eruptions, ring worms and

eczema.Juice of leaves is useful as dressing for ringworm, relieving irritation and relief

of dropsical swelling. Its leaves and bark mixed with oil are applied to pustules, insect

bites (“National Health Portal”,2016)

The root of amaltas is tonic, febrifuge, astringent and strong purgative. They are

specially used in joint pain, migraine, chest pain and blood dysentery. Amaltas root is

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also useful in fever, heart diseases, retained excretions and biliousness. It is also used

in cardiac disorders biliousness, rheumatic condition, haemorrhages, wounds, ulcers

and boils and various skin diseases. The extract of the root lowered the blood sugar

level up to 30 %.

Flowers and pods of the amaltas are used as purgative, febrifugal, biliousness and

astringent. The 50% ethanolic extract of pods show antifertility activity in female albino

rats. The heated pods are applied to swellings on the neck due to cold. Pulp is given in

disorders of liver.

The amaltas is used as analgesic as an antipyretic, it is a remedy for malaria and

otherfevers.

The extract of the flower inhibits the ovarian function and stimulate the uterine

function in albino rats. Amaltas fruits are used in the treatment of diabetes. It is

antipyretic, abortifacient, demulcent, decreases inflammation and heat of the body

useful in chest complaints, throat troubles, liver complaints and diseases of eye and

gripping. The pulp of the fruit around the seeds is a mild purgative. The Indications of

Decoction (Pods) of Cassia fistula Linn. are Inflammations and Diphtheria (“National

Portal”,2015).

The seeds of amaltas are emetic, used in constipation and have cathartic properties.

The seeds are slightly sweet and possess laxative, carminative, cooling, improves the

appetite and antipyretic activity. They seeds are useful in jaundice, biliousness, skin

disease and in swollen throat. Its dried seeds produce marked hypoglycaemic activity.

The Seeds powder of amaltas used in amoebiasis. The fruit pulp is used for constipation,

colic, and urinary disorders

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 The bark possess tonic and antidysentric properties, it is also used for skin

complaints, the powder or decoction of the bark is administered in leprosy, jaundice,

syphilis and heart diseases. The aqueous extract of the root bark exhibits anti-

inflammatory activity. The stem bark is used against amenorrhoea, chest pain and

swellings. It is specially indicated in Ring Worm.(Arauma et.al,2012)

Phytochemical Evaluation

The leaf of Cassia Fistula Linn. revealed the presence of some interesting

secondary metabolites like tannins, flavonoid, carbohydrate, saponins, glycosides

and phenol.

The seeds are rich in glycerides with linoleic, oleic, stearic and palmitic acids

as major fatty acids together with traces of caprylic and myristic acids. The same

study emphasized that the seeds were rich sources of cephalin and lecithin

phospholipids and contained 11.8% carbohydrates. In an earlier study it was

reported that one of the major carbohydrates in the seeds was galactomannan

consisting of 8 different types of sugar moieties (Lal et.al, 2012).

It has been reported that the stembark of C. fistula is also a potential source of

lupeol, ß-sitosterol and hexacosanol

A detailed biochemical analysis of the flower’s pollen, suspected to play a

significant allergenic role, showed a protein composition of 12% with appreciable

amounts of free amino acids such as phenylalanine, methionine, glutamic acid

and proline. Carbohydrate, lipid and free amino acid contents were of the order of

11.75, 12 and 1.42%, respectively (Bahorun et.al, 2013).

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Pharmacognosy of Cassia Fistula Linn.

Cassia fistula is highly energetic and powerful drug. The drug provides a

positive energy to the human body. The anti-inflammatory and anti-infective action

reduces inflammation and promotes healing (Lilly Kutty, L. 1968, Prajapati, Purohit,

Sharma and Kumar).

The laxative property of the drug corrects chronic constipation associated with

haemorrhoids. The anti hemorrhoidal and antiinflammatory properties of the drug,

helps to shrink the pile mass, control bleeding and hasten the healing process in

inflamed skin and mucous membranes. The analgesic action of drug relieves pain, and

the soothing action facilitates the smooth evacuation of feces. The anti-allergic property

is beneficial in the control of pruritus associated with skin infection (Bhakta, M. and

Mukherjee, P.K, Mukherjee, K., Banerjee, S., Mandal, S.C., Maity, T.K., Pal, M. and

Saha, B.P.1999).

The hepatic stimulant property helps in the improvement of liver functions and

removal of toxic metabolic product in various systemic and skin infections. The

anthelmintic action is useful in management of cutaneous manifestations of worm

infestations. The various constituents of cassia fistula provides antiseptic, antibacterial,

antiparasiti, antioxidant, antitumor diuretic, antipyretic (Patel, D.G, Karbhari, S.S,

Gulati and Gokhale, S.D), antifungal, antiviral and wound healing (Patel, R.P and Patel,

K.C.1957

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 Chapter III

Methodology

This study aimed to follow the following subsection to achieve the result of the

Pharmacological evaluation and Species Richness of Cassia Fistula in Malaybalay City,

Bukidnon.

Research Design

This study follows a Descriptive Research Design. It sought its purpose to

evaluate post researches from different studies and gather information and data to

summarize and quantify the number of species in the sample site. This will make post

researches to be verify by latest researches and evaluate for more case study. This study

use Post Case review to evaluate to both researches that are not timely and updated.

The researchers will use plot-less sampling method within sample site. The study

sought to evaluate the pharmacological activity of Cassia Fistula Linn. from different

researches and to be combined to a new research paper and also, sought to quantify the

number of Cassia Fistula Linn. in Malaybalay City. This study is only limited to the

three sample sites decided by the researchers and use transect walk along the sample

area.

Population

For this study, the researchers had concluded three sample area, labeled as

area 1, area 2 and area 3 respectively.

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d

Figure 2: Area 1 ( National Highway from Aglayan to Malaybalay)

Figure 2 shows the first sample are that will be surveyed by the researchers to

assess the Species Richness of Cassia Fistula Linn. Area 1 is part of the national road

in the Philippines. The area had been observed to exhibit large number of C. Fistula

Linn.

Figure 3: Area 2 (City Agriculture Office)

Figure 3 shows the second sample area of the study. The City Agriculture Office

is located at Barangay Casisang. The office surroundings had been observed to exhibit

a number of Cassia Fistula Linn. Considering its peaceful surroundings.

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 Figure 4: Area 3 (Capitol Grounds and Kaamulan Freedom Park)

Figure 4 shows the aerial view of Capitol Grounds and Kaamulan Freedom

Park. Considering its popularity as a destination of Bukidnon Province, the Capitol

Grounds had greatly been observed to hold numerous quantity of Cassia Fistula Linn.

in its surroundings.

Sampling Method

For this study, opportunistic sampling of Cassia Fistula Linn. protocol will be

as followed, the sampling method involves walking throughout the sample area

accordingly having a transect walk and head counting the number of Cassia Fistula

Linn. accordingly to the researchers scope of observation. This will suffice the data

that must be gathered to generate the species richness that will be assisted towards this

study.

Sampling method towards gathering Pharmacological Activities present on

Cassia Fistula Linn. needs evaluating other result from different researchers, article and

journals. Results relating to phytochemical material and its connection to

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pharmacological activities present will be needed to suffice the data and information

needed. Number of reference will not be limited for information and data is needed to

suffice the result of the study.

Data Collection Procedure

For the evaluation of the Pharmacological Activities present in the different

parts of Cassia Fistula Linn., the researchers will gather result from post researches

while citing its references to avoid plagiarism. This will serve as an information and

data to suffice the needs of the evaluation research conducted.

Evaluation of Pharmacological Activities present at the plants will be divided

accordingly to its parts. The phytochemical present towards the pharmacological

activities will be listed to show the validity and description of the cause for the action.

To gather result from species richness of Cassia Fistula Linn. the researchers

will use transect walk to gather information and head count the number of specie

observed at the sample area. Validity for the result will be suffice at the appendix by

showing pictures of the observed species.

The researchers will use a coordinate measuring application in the mobile

phones to show the exact location of the distribution of Cassia Fistula Linn. observed

during the actual research conduct.

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 Chapter IV

Result and Discussion

This section is subdivided into two subdivision, the first division will elaborate

the result and discussion of the Pharmacological Activity exhibited by the Cassia

Fistula Linn. Including the phytochemicals present within the species different parts

meanwhile, the second division will elaborate the accumulated result of the species

richness of Cassia Fistula Linn

Pharmacological Evaluation of Cassia Fistula Linn.

The following are the Evaluation of the Pharmacological Activities exhibited

by the Cassia Fistula Linn. The following activities are results of different research

studies accordingly to their respective functions.

Antitussive activity

T. Bhakta et al. (1998) reported that the methanol extract of leaves of C. fistula

was investigated for its effect on a cough model induced by sulfur dioxide gas in mice.

The extract exhibited significant, dose-dependent antitussive activity compared with

the control. The antitussive activity was comparable with that of codeine phosphate, a

prototypes antitussive agent. C. fistula extract inhibited coughing by 44.44 and 51.85%,

respectively, with respect to the control group.

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CNS activities

U. K. Mazumder et al (1998) showed that the methanol extract of seeds of C.

fistula was tested for different pharmacological actions in mice. The extract

significantly potentiated the sedative actions of sodium pentobarbitone, diazepam,

meprobamate and chlorpromazine. It also potentiated analgesia induced by

morphine and pethidine in a dose-dependent manner. The extract also influenced

behaviour in mice.

Leukotriene inhibition activity

Kumar et al. (1998) studied that the methanol extract of fruits of C. fistula

inhibited the 5-lipoxygenase catalysed formation of leukotriene B4in bovine

polymorphonuclear leukocytes (I50 value of 38 micro g/ml). Lipid peroxidation in

bovine brain phospholipid liposomes induced with 2,2'-azo-bis-(2-amidinopropane)

dihydrochloride (AAPH) was inhibited(IC50of 40 micro g/ml). A linear correlation was

obtained between the effects of the extract in the 2 assays suggesting a redox-based

mechanism for the inhibition of the 5-lipoxygenase enzyme .

Clastogenic effect

M. J. Mukhopadhyay et al. (1998) Anthraquinone glycosides of Cassia fistula

were investigated for their ability to induce a clastogenic effect on the bone marrow

cells of Swiss albino mice. The endpoints screened were chromosomal aberrations and

frequency of aberrant cells. Oral exposure to doses of these anthraquinones and their

equivalent amount in leaf and pod extracts did not induce significant numbers of

16
chromosomal aberrations or aberrant cells. The results indicate that anthraquinone

sennoside B and rhein are weakly genotoxic. Pure sennoside B and rhein were weakly

clastogenic. Crude extracts of C. fistula (leaves and pods) each containing

sennoside B and rhein were also weak clastogens. The CA/cell and % DC were lower

than those induced by an equivalent amount of pure sennoside B. Therefore, these

phytolaxatives do not behave as potent clastogens and pods or leaves of C. fistula can

be used as an alternative source of sennosides.

Antipyretic activity

T. Bhakta et al. (2001) examined the methanol extract of buds of C. fistula for

its antipyretic action on normal body temperature and yeast-induced pyrexia (fever) in

rats. The extract showed significant activity in both the models at doses of 200 and 400

mg/kg. At a dose level of 200 mg/kg, the extract caused significant lowering of normal

body temperature up to 3 h. At 400 mg/kg dose, it caused significant lowering of body

temperature up to 6 h after administration. In the model of yeast-provoked elevation of

body temperature, the extract showed dose dependent lowering of body temperature

up to 4 h at both the dosage levels. The results obtained are comparable to those for

paracetamol, a standard antipyretic agent .

Antioxidant activity

P. Siddhuraju et al. (2002) investigated the antioxidant properties of 90%

ethanol extracts of leaves, and 90% methanol extracts of stem bark, pulp and flowers

from Cassia fistula. The antioxidant activity power was in the decreasing order of stem

bark, leaves, flowers and pulp and was well correlated with the total polyphenolic
17
content of the extracts. The reason for low antioxidant activity in the flower and pulp

fractions could be the presence of some prooxidants, such as chrysophanol and reducing

sugars which dominate the antioxidant compounds present in the extracts. Thus, the

stem bark had more antioxidant activity in terms of reducing power, inhibition of

peroxidation, O 2- and DPPH radical scavenging ability [38].Amitabye Luximon-

Ramma, et al. (2002) investigated the total phenolic, proanthocyanidin, and flavonoid

contents and the antioxidant activities, of fresh vegetative and reproductive organs of

Cassia fistula harvested at different stages of growth were determined using the

Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power

(FRAP) assays.

The antioxidant activities were strongly correlated with total phenols (TEAC r)

0.989; (FRAP r) 0.951 in all organs studied, and with proanthocyanidins (TEAC r)

0.980; (FRAP r) 0.899; in reproductive organs including fruits. The antioxidant

activities of reproductive parts were higher than those of the vegetative organs, with

the pods having highest total phenolic, proanthocyanidin, and flavonoid contents

and antioxidant potentials (TEAC) 992 ( 0.4 ímol/g dry weight; FRAP ) 811 ( 23 ímol/g

dry weight) .

G. Manonmani, et al. (2005) reported that aqueous extract of Cassia fistula

(Linn.) flowers (ACF) was screened for its antioxidant effect in alloxan induced

diabetic rats. An appreciable decrease in peroxidation products viz thiobarbituric acid

reactive substances, conjugated dienes, hydroperoxides was observed in heart tissues

of ACF treated diabetic rats. The decreased activities of key antioxidant enzymes

such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione

reductase and glutathione in diabetic rats were brought back to near normal range

18
upon ACF treatment. These results suggest that ACF has got promising

antioxidative activity in alloxan diabetic rats.

Laxative activity

M. A. Akanmu et al. (2004) discussed the in-vitro effect of Cassia fistula

infusion on isolated guinea-pig ileum. The acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the

infusion of C. fistula and Cassia acutifolia sp. Del. Pod-(Senokot tablet) as the

reference drug were also determined. The results obtained for C. fistula infusion when

compared with senokot tablet showed that the infusion of Cassia fistula pods possessed

very low levels of toxicity, having the LD 50 of 6600 mg/kg and also without any

pathological effects on the organs examined microscopically. It is therefore concluded

from the study that C. fistula pod infusion could be safely utilized as laxative drugs and

as a substitute for the official Senna .

Anti-inflammatory activity

T. Bhakta et al. (1999) evaluated that the extract of leaves of C. fistula

was tested for antiinflammatory effects, and compared with those of

phenylbutazone, using carrageenan-, histamine- and dextran-induced paw oedema

assays in rats. Potent antiinflammatory activity against all phlogistic agents was noted

[42]. Raju Ilavarasan et al. (2005) revealed the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant

activities of the aqueous (CFA) and methanolic extracts (CFM) of the Cassia fistula

bark were assayed in Wistar albino rats. The extracts were found to possess significant

anti-inflammatory effect in both acute and chronic models. Cassia fistula bark

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extracts showed significant radical scavenging by inhibiting lipid peroxidation

initiated by CCl4 and FeSO4 in rat liver and kidney homogenates.

Both extracts exhibited significant antioxidant activity in DPPH, Nitric oxide

and Hydroxyl radical induced in-vitro assay methods. Both extracts showed Dose-

Dependent protective effect against lipid peroxidation and free radical generation in

liver and kidney homogenates. Further, the acute toxicity study with the extracts

showed no sign of toxicity up to a dose level of 2000 mg/po. Thus it could be

concluded that Cassia fistula bark extracts (CFA & CFM) possess significant anti-

inflammatory and anti oxidant properties .

R. Rajeswari et al. (2006) studied the anti inflammatory activity of aqueous

and alcoholic extracts of C. fistula bark in sub acute models of inflammation in male

albino rats. The extracts were administered at dose levels of 150, 300, 450 mg/kg body

weight. The extracts were found to possess significant (P<0.01) anti inflammatory

effect in both air pouch granuloma and cotton pellet granuloma models. Both the

extracts (150 mg/kg body weight) showed a significant reduction in the biomarker

enzymes like acid phosphatase, cathepsin-D and alkalinephosphatase in the serum. In

conclusion, C. fistula bark extracts (150 mg/kg body weight) possess anti

inflammatory activity as compared to the standard drug diclofenac (5 mg/kg body

weight).

Wound healing activity

T. Bhakta et al. (1998) reported that the methanolic extract of C. fistula leaves

was examined for its wound healing property in the form of an ointment in two types

of wound models in rats; excision wound model and incision wound model. The

ointment of the leaf extract of two different concentrations (5 and 10% w/w ointment

20
of leaves extract in simple ointment base) responded significantly in both models of

wounds tested. The results were also comparable to that of the standard drug,

nitrofurazone, in terms of wound contraction ability, epithelization period, tensile

strength and regeneration of tissue at wound area.

M. S. Kumar et al. (2006) investigated the potential of Cassia fistula to treat the

infected wound on albino rat model. The alcohol extract of C. fistula leaves was

analyzed for antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and

Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Formulated ointment was topically applied

on the infected wound. Wound reduction rate, histological analysis, biochemical

analysis, and gelatin zymography were obtained to assess the healing pattern. C.

fistula treated rats showed, better wound closure, improved tissue regeneration at

the wound site, and supporting histopathological parameters pertaining to wound

healing. Biochemical analysis and matrix metalloproteinases expression correlated well

with the results thus confirming efficacy of C. fistula in the treatment of the infected

wound. Along with the other activities such as antitumor, antioxidant, hypoglycemic,

hepatoprotective, antibacterial, hypocholesterolaemic, and antidiabetic activity, the

healing potential of C. fistula provides a scientific rationale for the traditional use of

this plant in the management of infected dermal wound and can be further investigated

as a substitute to treat infected wounds without using synthetic antibiotics.

Hepatoprotective activity

Pradeep Kannampalli, et al. (2007) evaluated that the hepatoprotective and

antioxidant effect of Cassia fistula leaf extract on liver injury induced by diethyl

nitrosamine (DEN) was investigated. Wistar rats weighing 200±10 g was administered

a single dose of DEN (200 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) and left for 30 days. For hepatoprotective

21
studies, ethanolic leaf extract (ELE) of C. fistula Linn. (500 mg/kg b.w., p.o.) was

administered daily for 30 days. AST, ALT, ALP, LDH and bilirubin were estimated in

serum and liver tissue. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), SOD and CAT were also estimated

in liver tissue as markers of oxidative stress. DEN induced hepatotoxicity in all the

treated animals were evident by elevated serum ALT, AST, ALP and bilirubin levels

and a simultaneous fall in their levels in the liver tissue after 30 days. Induction of

oxidative stress in the liver was evidenced by increased LPO and fall in the activities

of SOD and CAT. ELE administration for 30 days prevented the DEN induced hepatic

injury and oxidative stress. In conclusion, it was observed that ELE of C. fistula protects

the liver against DEN induced hepatic injury in rats.

T. Bhakta et al. (2001) investigated the hepatoprotective activity of the n-

heptane extract of Cassia fistula leaves. The extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg body

weight exhibited significant protective effect by lowering serum levels of

transaminase (serine glutamic-oxaloacetate transaminase [aspartate

aminotransferase] and serine glutamic-pyruvic transaminase [alanine

aminotransferase]), bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase. The protective effect is

comparable to that of a standard hepatoprotective agent.

Antifungal activity

Padma Singh et al. (2006) tested the leaf extract of Cassia fistula for antifungal

activity against Candida albicans. Extracts of the leaves of Cassia fistula were prepared

in acetone, diethyl ether and methanol. The antifungal activity was performed by

paper disc diffusion assay. The methanol extract showed highest activity i.e., upto

21 mm which was comparable with the standard antifungal antibiotic, clotrimazole.

22
 V. Duraipandiyan et al. (2007) evaluated the hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate,

methanol and water extracts from the flower of Cassia fistula were tested against

bacteria and fungi. All the extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-

positive organisms with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) between 0.078

and 2.5 mg/ml. Among the Gram-negative bacteria, only Pseudomonas aeruginosa

was susceptible to the extracts. Ethyl acetate crude extract was fractionated using

chromatographic techniques. A crystal was isolated, which was confirmed as 4-hydroxy

benzoic acid hydrate using X-ray crystallography. It exhibited antifungal activity

against Trichophyton mentagrophytes (MIC 0.5 mg/ml) and Epidermophyton

floccosum (MIC 0.5 mg/ml) .

Larvicidal and ovicidal activity

Ashok Verma et al. (2003) reported that the ovicidal effect of leaf extracts of C.

fistula (at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0%, topically applied) was evaluated on the viability and

hatching of eggs (0, 1 and 3 days old) of D. koenigii. Application of leaf extracts of the

plant inhibited hatching of the eggs, and increasing concentration of the extract resulted

in increased non-viability of 3-day-old eggs.

M. Goviarajan et al. (2008) reported the methanolic leaf extract of Cassia fistula

was tested for larvicidal and ovicidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus and

Anopheles stephensi. The extract was found to be more lethal to the larvae of A.

stephensi than C. quinquefasciatus with LC50 values of 17.97 and 20.57 mg/l,

respectively. Mean percent hatchability of the ovicidal activity was observed 120 h

after treatment. The percent hatchability was inversely proportional to the

concentration of extract and directly proportional to the eggs. The egg raft of

23
C. quinquefasciatus was found to be more hatchable than A. stephensi. The results show

that the leaf extract of C. fistula is promising as a larvicidal and ovicidal agent

against C. quinquefasciatus and A. stephensi .

Antibacterial Activity

R. N. Yadav et al. (2003) isolated compound which showed antimicrobial

activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae,

Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum [28]. M. A. Ali et al.

(2004) reported that the antibacterial and antifungal activities of C. fistula and M. ferrea

extracts were tested on 14 bacteria and 6 fungi. C. fistula extracts showed stronger

antibacterial activity than M. ferrea.

P. Sundararaju et al. (2006) reported that 100% mortality was recorded from the

C. fistula extract at 48 h at 50 and 100% concentrations. At 72 h, 100% mortality was

observed in all extracts at all three concentrations. The mortality rate was minimum at

24 h in all three extracts. All plant extracts exhibited a high degree of nematicidal

action against the adults and juveniles of P. coffeae.

M. A. Ali et al. (2006) reported that three lectins, i.e. CSL-1, CSL-2 and CSL-

3, purified from the Cassia fistula seeds, were tested for their antibacterial activities

against different pathogenic bacteria, i.e. Bacillus subtilis, B. megaterium,

Streptococcus haemolyticus, Streptococcus aureus, Sarcina lutea, Shigella sonnei,

Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., Shigella shiga, Shigella boydii, Shigella flexneri,

Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, using 30 micro

g/disc. CSL-3 was active against all bacterial strains and showed strong activity against

B. megaterium, Streptococcus haemolyticus and Shigella boydii. CSL-2 showed

24
poor activity against most of the bacterial strains and has strong activity against

only Streptococcus haemolyticus. CSL-1 was inactive against all the bacterial

strains except Streptococcus haemolyticus and Sarcina lutea. All the lectins

significantly affected the mortality rate of brine shrimp. Among them, CSL-2 was

highly toxic (6.68 micro g/ml) followed by CSL-1 (10.47 micro g/ml) and CSL-3

(13.33 micro g/ml).

Hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycaemic activity

Nirmala et al. (2008) reported the hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic

effects of the hexane extract of stem bark of C. fistula, in normal and streptozotocin

induced diabetic rats. Hexane extract of C. fistula bark at doses 0.15, 0.30, 0.45 g kg-1

body weight for 30 days suppressed the elevated blood glucose levels in diabetic

rats. The extract at 0.45 g kg-1 was found to be comparable with glibenclamide,

the reference drug. The lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-

cholesterol, LDL and VLDL-cholesterol) after the extract treatment at 0.45 g kg-1 body

weight showed remarkable improvement compared to the diabetic control animals.

Antioxidant and polyphenol content present in the extracts might contribute to

the antihyperglycemic and antilipidemic properties. Thus the results suggest that Cassia

fistula barks would be effective in the treatment of diabetes and in prevention and

management of coronary artery disease

Antitumor activity

M. Gupta, et al. (2000) studied the effects of methanolic extract (ME) of Cassia

fistula seed on the growth of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) and on the life span of

25
tumour bearing mice were studied. ME treatment showed an increase of life span, and

a decrease in the tumour volume and viable tumour cell count in the EAC tumour hosts.

Cytological studies have revealed a reduction in the mitotic activity, and the appearance

of membrane blebbing and intracytoplasmic vacuoles in the treated tumour cells.

Improvement in the haematological parameters following ME treatment, like

haemoglobin content, red blood cell count and bone marrow cell count of the tumour

bearing mice have also been observed. The results of the present study suggest that ME

of C. fistula seed has an antitumor activity. Haematological studies have revealed that

out of the three doses of ME, ME at the dose of 100 mg/kg has shown better results

than at the doses of 200 and 300 mg/kg. The exact mechanism by which ME mediates

its antitumor effect is still to be elucidated. Cytological changes indicate that ME might

be having a direct tumorocidal effect on the tumour cells.

Antiparasitic activity

P. Sartorelli et al. (2009) discovered that the fractionation through bioguided

antileishmanial activity of the dichloromethane extract of Cassia fistula fruits

(Leguminosae) led to the isolation of the active isoflavone biochanin A, identified

by spectroscopic methods. This compound showed 50% effective concentration

(EC50) value of 18.96 micro g/mL against promastigotes of Leishmania (L.) chagasi.

The cytotoxicity of this substance against peritoneal macrophages resulted in an

EC50 value of 42.58 micro g/mL. Additionally, biochanin A presented an anti-

Trypanosoma-cruzi activity, resulting in an EC50 value of 18.32 micro g/mL and a 2.4-

fold more effectiveness than benznidazole .

26
Hypolipidemic activity

U. C. Gupta et al. (2009) studied the effect of 50% ethanolic extract of Cassia

fistula legume on serum lipid metabolism in cholesterol fed rats. Oral feeding of

cholesterol (500 mg/kg b.wt./day) dissolved in coconut oil (0.5 ml/rat/day) for 90 days

caused a significant (P<0.001) elevation in total and LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and

phospholipid in serum of rats. Administration of C. fistula legume extract at the doses

100, 250 and 500 mg/kg b.wt./day along with cholesterol significantly prevented the

rise in the serum total and LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipid in a

dose dependent manner. The ratio of HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio was

elevated in serum of C. fistula extract treated groups as compared to cholesterol alone

fed control rat].

Antifertility activity

Rajesh Yadav et al. (2009) investigated that petroleum ether extract of seeds of

Cassia fistula was screened for the antifertility activity in proven fertile female albino

rats at the doses 100, 200 and 500 mg/kg b.wt./day. Oral administration of the extract

to mated female rats on days 1-5 of pregnancy resulted in a decline in the fertility

index, numbers of uterine implants and live foetuses in a dose dependent manner as

was confirmed by laparotomy on day 15 of pregnancy. The extract (100 mg/kg b.wt.)

exhibited weak estrogenic activity when given alone and tested in immature bilaterally

ovariectomized female albino rats, but exhibited slight antiestrogenic activity when

administration along with estradiol valerate (0.1 mg/kg b.wt.). Blood sugar and

haematological parameters were within normal range. Thus, the results of the

27
present study indicate that the petroleum ether extract of Cassia fistula seeds possesses

pregnancy terminating effect by virtue of anti-implantation activity .

Anti-leishmaniatic activity

P. Sartorelli et al. (2007) examined that the hexane extract from the fruits

showed significant antileishmanial activity against the promastigote form of

Leishmania L. chagasi. The bioguided fractionation resulted in the isolation of a

sterol, clerosterol, which was further analysed in different models. Promastigotes

presented an inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) of 10.03 micro g/mL and intracellular

amastigotes demonstrated high susceptibility, with an IC50 of 18.10 micro g/mL.

Mammalian cytotoxicity was evaluated and it was demonstrated that clerosterol was

3.6-fold less toxic than the standard drug pentamidine .

Phytochemicals Present in Cassia Fistula Linn.

Phytochemicals are non-nutritive plant chemicals that have protective or disease

preventive properties. They are non-essential nutrients, meaning that they are not

required by the human body for sustaining life. It is well-known that plant produce these

chemicals to protect themselves but recent research demonstrate that they can also

protect humans against diseases. There are more than thousand known phytochemicals

(Vasudevan, 2012).

28
Table 1. The Secondary Metabolites in Cassia Fistula Linn

Plants Secondary Metabolites are known as the key drivers of the

Pharmacological Actions of Most Medicinal Plants (Hussein,2018) .The Secondary

Metabolites are known as an essential Phytochemical known to plants that promotes

plants sustainability for long times (Bahorun, 2014).

Secondary Metabolites Plant part/organ References

Fiatucacidin , Heartwood Padmanabha Rao. 1965

Pentahydroxyflavan
Oxyanthraquinone, Bark Rani et. al., 1998
Dihydroxyanthraquinone Leaves Kashiwada et. al., 1996
(-) epiafzelechin, (-)epiafzelechin,
-3-O-glucoside, (-)epicatechin,
procyanidin B2, biflavooids,
triflavonoids, rhein, rhein
glucoside, sennoside B,
chrysophanol,physcion
Kaempferol, leucopelargonidin, Flowers Naranayan et. al., 1972,
Tetramer, rhein, fistulin, Kumar et.al., 1996
alkaloids,tritepenes
Rhein, Volatile Oil, Waxy and Fruit Pulp Liptak and Szentagali,
Resimous Derivatives 1937
Fistulic Acid, 3-formyl 1-hydroxy- Pods Misra et.al., 1997
8-methoxy anthaquinone, 3B-
hydroxy-17-norpimar-8(9)-en-15-
one
Chrysophanol Seeds Khana and Chandra, 1984
Rhamnetin-3-O-Gentiobioside Roots Vaishnav and Gupta,1996
Proanthocyanidins Vegetative Organs Luximon and
Flavonoids Reproductive Organs Ramma et.al.,2002.

Table from African Journal of BioTechnology 4(13):1530-1540. Pub. Jan. 2006.

29
 Table 1 shows the Different Secondary Metabolites found on the respective

parts of Cassia Fistula Linn. Secondary Metabolites; Fistucacidin and

Pentahydroxyflavan were found on the plants heartwood. Secondary Metabolite;

Oxyanthraquinone was found on the trees Bark. Secondary Metabolites;

Dihydroxyanthraquinone,(-) epiafzelechin, (-)epiafzelechin, -3-O-glucoside, (-

)epicatechin, procyanidin B2, biflavooids, triflavonoids, rhein, rhein glucoside,

sennoside B, chrysophanol,physcion, were found on the trees leaves. Secondary

Metabolites; Kaempferol, leucopelargonidin, Tetramer, rhein, fistulin,

alkaloids,tritepenes, were found in the trees flowers. Secondary Metabolites; Rhein,

Volatile Oil, Waxy and Resimous Derivatives were found on the trees Fruit Pulp.

Secondary Metabolites; Fistulic Acid, 3-formyl 1-hydroxy-8-methoxy anthaquinone,

3B-hydroxy-17-norpimar-8(9)-en-15-one, were found on the trees pods. Secondary

Metabolite; Chrysophanol were found on the trees Roots. Proanthocyanidins and

Flavonoids were found on the trees vegetative and reproductive organs, respectively.

30
Figure 5.Chemical Structures of main flavanol and flavanol derivatives in Cassia

Fistula Linn.

Flavanoids are known as potent exhibitors for several enzymes and secondary

metabolites and known to be useful in Phytochemical Production ( Panche et.al., 2016).

Figure 5 shows the seven main flavanols and flavanols derivatives that is present in

Cassia Fistuala Linn. that is known to base the Phytochemical Compound exhibited by

the plant that will be processed to suffice the secondary metabolites (Bhujun, 2011).

Figure from University of Mauritius. Pub. By Vidushi Bhujun. Jan. 2011.

31
 Figure 5 show the different flavanols and flavanols derivatives of Cassia Fistula

Linn base on phytochemical compound. The following are; Catechin, epicatechia,

procyanidin b2, khamnesi n 3-0 gentiobia side,Epiafzetechia, epiafxelecin and the

kaempferat.

32
Table 2. Secondary Metabolites Responsible for the Pharmacological Activity

Present in Cassia Fistula Linn.

Researchers had evaluated the observed pharmacological activity found from

post researchers and prove to suffice the pharmacological activity in correlation to its

respective Phytochemicals.

Secondary Pharmacological References

Metabolites
Alkaloids
Sodium Pentrabarbitone,
Diazepam, meprobamate and
chlorpromazine
Anthaquinone
Kaempferol
Proanthocyanidins
Flavanoids
Triterpenes, Flavanoids
3-formyl 1-hydroxy-8-methoxy
anthaquinone
Flavanoids, Anthaquinone
Alkaloids, Terpenoids, Flavanoids
Activity
Antitissusive Action Dapaah et. al,. 2016
CNS Activities Tiwari et. al., 2018
Clastogenic Effect Mukherjee et.al., 1998
Antipyretic Eldahshan et. al., 2015
Antioxidant Activity Ramma, 2002
Laxative Activity Bahi et. al., 2010
Anti-inflammatory Owalabi. 2018
Antitumor Action Gupta,2012
Antibacterial Activity Kulkarni,2015
Antifertility Action Dangi et.al., 2015

Table 2 shows the Phytochemical present in relation to its pharmacological

activity. The two column is then followed by the references on which the researchers

had gathered its data.

33
Species Richness of Cassia Fistula Linn.

Species richness is the number of different species represented in an ecological

community, landscape or region. Species richness is simply a count of species

(Robert,2009). The researchers had conducted the survey accordingly to the given

limited time.

Table 3. The number of Cassia Fistula Linn. in each sample area.

The researchers had surveyed the three sample area of study on which the

researchers had quantify the number of Cassia Fistula Linn. present accordingly to the

researchers peripheral vision.

Sample Area No. Sample Area Number of Observed C.

Fistula Linn.

1 Aglayan to Malaybalay 296

City Route
2 City Agriculture Office 35
3 Capitol Grounds 112
Total 443

Table 3 shows the total observable Cassia Fistula Linn. on the researchers three

allocated sample areas. Sample Area 1, the Aglayan to Malaybalay route, had been

observed a total of 296 individual species. The Sample area 2, the City Agriculture

Office, had been observed a total of 35 individual species. The last sample area, sample

area 3, the Capitol Grounds had been observed to exhibit a total of 112 individual

species of Cassia Fistula Linn. In totality, the overall observed number of Cassia

34
Fistula Linn. in Malaybalay City, in relation to the allotted sample area, is 443

individuals.

Distribution of Cassia Fistula Linn. per sample site

The researches had used a coordinate measuring application from the respective

mobile devices to pinpoint the current location of each individual of Cassia Fistula

Linn.

Legend

- Indicates 4 Cassia Fistula Linn.

Figure 6. Distribution of Cassia Fistula Linn. in Sample area 1.

Figure 6 shows the distribution of Cassia Fistula Linn. in sample area 1. A total

of 296 was been observed by the researchers using the method of transect walk. Red

dots signify the number of distributed individual having a ratio of 1:4, respectively.

35
Figure 7. Distribution of Cassia Fistula Linn in Sample area 2.

Figure 7 shows the distribution of Cassia Fistula Linn. in the observable area

of Sample area 2, the City Agriculture Office. Sample area 2 exhibits a total number of

35 individual Cassia Fistula Linn. having a total of eight number red dots considering

the ration of red dot to number of tree.

Figure 8. Distribution of Cassia Fistula Linn in Sample area 3.

36
 Figure 8 shows the distribution of Cassia Fistula Linn. in the observable area

observable area of Sample area 3, the City Agriculture Office. Sample area 3 exhibits

a total number of 112 individual Cassia Fistula Linn. having a total of 28 number red

dots considering the ration of red dot to number of tree.

37
 Chapter V

Summary

This study was conducted to evaluate post researches relating to Pharmacological

activities and Phytochemical materials exhibited by Cassia Fistula Linn. and sought to

have knowledge on its species richness within the 3 sample areas, where the species is

commonly observable, within the City of Malaybalay. The research design follows two

sampling method; Post Review Technique and Plotless Sampling Technique, having

each of its responsive value. The Data were gathered through post study results

evaluation and transect walk survey. The findings of the conducted study are as follows:

1. The pharmacological actions exhibited by Cassia Fistula Linn are as

follows; Antitissusive Activity, CNS Activities, Leukotriene Inhibition

Activity, Clastogenic Effect, Antipyeretic Activity, Antioxidant Activity,

Laxative Activity, Anti-inflammatory Activity, Wound Healing Activity,

Hepatopratective Activity, Antifungal Activity, Larvicidal and Avicidal

Activity, Antibacterial Activity, Hypochalesteralemic and Hypoglycaemic

Activities, Antitumor Activity, Hypolipidemic Activity, Antifertility

Activity, and Anti-leishmaniatic Activity.

2. A total of number of 7 main flavanol and flavanol derivatives are observed

that is exhibited by Cassia Fistula Linn. The following are; Kaempfrol , (-)

epiafzelechin,, (+) epiafzelechin, Khamnesin 3-O-Gentiobioside,

Procyanidin B2, (-) Epicatechia and (+) Catechin.

3. There are a total of 443 individual trees having 296 observed individuals

from sample area 1, 35 observed individuals from Sample area 2 and 112

observed individuals from sample area 3.

38
Conclusions

Base on the findings the researchers had observed in the study, the researchers are

able to conclude the following:

1. There are 19 individual Pharmacological Actions Exhibited by Cassia

Fistula Linn having its respective functions

2. A total of 7 main flavanol and flavanol derivatives found in Cassia Fistula

Linn. that is known to be the base material for secondary metabolites.

3. A total of 443 individual trees was observed under the Malaybalay City

premises.

Recommendation

For the following researcher whom ought to sought a correlative intention and objective

with this study, we highly recommend the following for a supplemental result and

conclusion;

1. Conduct new phytochemical screening within different parts of Cassia Fistula

Linn and conduct laboratory activity to assess and test the phytochemicals with

new pharmacological activities.

2. Observe the main flavanols and flavanol derivatives to new metabolic enzymes

that might be useful for new secondary metabolites.

3. Add prospect to new obscure sample areas where Cassia Fistula Linn are

vigorously abundant.

39
Appendices

40
Appendix A. Documentations

During the study conduct

A sample image of Cassia Fistula Linn.

The Researchers before setting off

41
 Appendix B. Letter of Approval
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region X-Northern Mindanao
DIVISION OF MALAYBALAY CITY
Malaybalay City District VI
MALAYBALAY CITY NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Purok 1, Aglayan, Malaybalay City
January 27, 2020
PAUL O. ORONG
Secondary School Principal II
Malaybalay City National Science High School
P-1, Aglayan, Malaybalay City, Bukidnon,8700

Sir:
We would like to request permission to conduct our study entitled:
“Pharmacological Activity and Species Richness of Cassia Fistula Linn in
Malaybalay City”. The conduct of the research involves the transect walk of the
sample site which will be conducted outside the school premises. In lined with this, we
would also like to request your approval to let us, the researchers, have the permission
to conduct the study outside school.
This is a requirement for Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion Research of the
Second Semester of the MCNSHS Senior High School Program.
Your Favorable action with this request is deeply appreciated.
Thank you and God Bless.
Very Respectfully Yours,
KIM BRYAN H. ASUNCION
BZEN ICKY NIEL G. GENODIA
JOHN STEPHEN T. JAMORA
KOBE BRIAN A. SARONG
The Researchers
Noted:

ALFRED THEODORE P. LEDESMA

Subject Teacher

Approved:

PAUL O. ORONG
Secondary School Principal II

42
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47
48
Curriculum Vitae

49
Purok 3A, Aglayan, Malaybalay City, Bukidnon
Malaybalay City National Science High School
Mobile: 09058749584
Email: kobesarong2021@gmail.com

KOBE BRIAN A. SARONG

PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth April 21, 2002
Place of Birth Aglayan, Malaybalay City
Civil Status Single
Citizenship Filipino
Religion Roman Catholic
Height 164 cm
Weight 47 kg
Fathers Name Roberto B. Sarong
Mothers Name Mary Jean A. Sarong
LRN # 126557120204

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Primary Aglayan Elem. School

Aglayan, Malaybalay City
2008-2014

Secondary Malaybalay City National Science HS.

Aglayan, Malaybalay City
2015-2019

LIFES’ OBJECTIVES

• To be an aspiring Mechanical Engineer that will truly help not

only myself but to the surrounding people that greatly help me to
achieve who I am today.
• To have a happy life that will make myself to its fullest content
from my hard works and accompaniment.

50
Purok 4A, Aglayan, Malaybalay City Bukidnon
Malaybalay City National Science High School
Mobile: 09655881456
Email: Bingosmo@gmail.com

BZEN ICKY NIEL G GENODIA

PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth July 20 2001
Place of Birth Aglayan, Malaybalay City
Civil Status Single
Citizenship Filipino
Religion INC
Height 166 cm
Weight 56 kg
Fathers Name Ricky L. Genodia
Mothers Name Jenie G. Genodia
LRN # 129943070053

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Primary Malinao Elementary School

Malinao Banisilan, Cotabato
2008-2014

Secondary Malaybalay City National Science HS.

Aglayan, Malaybalay City
2015-2019

LIFES’ OBJECTIVES

• I want to be a successful Police Officer one day because I want to show them
how discipline should work with patriotism
• To help my parents and pay all their handworks

51
Purok 3A, Aglayan, Malaybalay City Bukidnon
Malaybalay City National Science High School
Mobile: 09550039868
Email: jamorajohnstephen@yahoo.com

JOHN STEPHEN JAMORA

PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth October 14 2001
Place of Birth Aglayan, Malaybalay City
Civil Status Single
Citizenship Filipino
Religion Roman Catholic
Height 169 cm
Weight 59 kg
Fathers Name Leopoldo V. Jamora
Mothers Name Delly T. Jamora
LRN # 126557070074

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Primary Aglayan Elem. School

Aglayan, Malaybalay City
2008-2014

Secondary Malaybalay City National Science HS.

Aglayan, Malaybalay City
2015-2019

LIFES’ OBJECTIVES

• I want to be a successful Mechanical Engineer one day because I want to show

them my skills and contribute many things to help build my beloved country
soar high
• By recording my dreams and goals on paper, I set in the motion the process of
becoming the person I want to be.

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Purok 3, Simaya, Malaybalay City Bukidnon
Malaybalay City National Science High School
Mobile: 09269845108
Email: kimbryanasuncion@gmail.com

KIM BRYAN ASUNCION

PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth February 18, 2002
Place of Birth Provincial Malaybalay City
Civil Status Single
Citizenship Filipino
Religion Roman Catholic
Height 182 cm
Weight 61 kg
Fathers Name Bobby O. Asuncion
Mothers Name Salome H. Asuncion
LRN # 126560120059

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Primary Binalbagan Elem. School

Simaya, Malaybalay City
2008-2014

Secondary Malaybalay City National Science HS.

Aglayan, Malaybalay City
2015-2019

LIFES’ OBJECTIVES

• I want to be a successful Seaman one day because I want to travel and enjoy
my life, and also to help my parent’s daily needs.
• By recording my dreams and goals on paper, I set in the motion the process of
becoming the person I want to be. And I will work hard to achieve my goals in
life.

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