CARE OF MOTHER AND CHILD

AT-RISK OR WITH PROBLEMS

(Acute and Chronic)
(NCM 109)

Submitted by: Hannah Alexie A. Nebab

BSN 2-C

Mrs. Marilyn Racca, RN

Instructor

Second Semester, S.Y. 2021-2022

 LEARNING DESIGN FOR THE CONDUCT OF HEALTH TEACHING ON DOWN SYNDROME

Course Code: NCM 109 Course/Year/Section: BSN 2C

Concept: A child with Down Syndrome and caregivers who has a Presented by: Hannah Nebab
child with Down Syndrome Date: May 8, 2022
Topic: Down Syndrome

Specific Objectives Content Time Methodology Resources Evaluation

Frame Human Materials
1. To define Down Down Syndrome 10 mins. Interactive Hannah Nebab Powerpoint Cognitive
Syndrome. discussion and presentation (Question and
➢ A person with Down syndrome visual aids with visual Answer)
To give importance is born with an extra aids
and awareness that chromosome. Chromosomes
this kind of are the body's little “packages” Brochure
condition exists; to of genes. They shape and
break the social function a baby’s body as it
stigma regarding develops during pregnancy and
Down Syndrome. after birth. A baby is born with
46 chromosomes on average.
One of these chromosomes,
chromosome 21, has an extra
copy in Down syndrome
babies.
➢ Down syndrome is also known
as Trisomy 21. This extra copy
affects the way the baby’s body
and brain develop, posing
mental and physical obstacles.
2. To give light on What are the causes of Down 10 mins. Interactive Hannah Nebab Powerpoint Cognitive
the real causes of Syndrome? discussion and presentation (Question and
Down Syndrome by visual aids with visual Answer on the
giving factual ➢ Cell division errors (Genetics) aids Differences of
information and - Nondisjunction, a random Trisomy)
correcting the error in cell division, is the Brochure
misinformation of cause of Down syndrome.
many regarding this When one cell divides into
condition. two, pairs of chromosomes
are usually separated so that
To help the parents one goes to one cell and the
who have a child other to the other.
with Down Something happens awry in
Syndrome lessen nondisjunction, and both
their self-guilt and chromosomes from one pair
misconceptions. go into one cell while none
from the other pair goes into
the other cell.

Important research findings that

cause Down Syndrome:

1) In the majority of cases, the

extra copy of chromosome
21 comes from the mother
in the egg.
2) In a small percentage (less
than 5%) of cases, the extra
copy of chromosome 21
comes from the father
through the sperm.
3) In the remaining cases, the
error occurs after
fertilization, as the embryo
grows.

Types of Chromosomal Changes

a) Complete trisomy 21
- An error during the
formation of the egg or the
sperm results in either one
having an extra
chromosome. After the egg
and sperm unite, the
resulting cells will also have
three copies of chromosome
21. The complete extra
copy of chromosome 21 is
in all of the person's cells—
or a complete trisomy.

b) Mosaic trisomy 21
- Mosaic trisomy 21 can
occur when the error in cell
division takes place early in
development but after a
normal egg and sperm
unite.

c) Translocation trisomy 21
- Only part of an extra copy
of chromosome 21 is in the
cells. The extra part of the
chromosome gets “stuck” to
another chromosome and
gets transmitted into other
cells as the cells divide.
3. To end the Truth vs Myth 10 mins. Interactive Hannah Powerpoint Cognitive
disinformation and discussion and Nebab presentation (Question and
misinformation of A. Myth: Down syndrome is a rare visual aids with visual Answer on 1
Down Syndrome. genetic disorder. aids example of
Truth: Down syndrome is the most Truth and
commonly occurring genetic Brochure Myth)
condition.

B. Myth: People with Down syndrome

have a short life span.
Truth: Life expectancy for
individuals with Down syndrome
has increased dramatically in recent
years, with the average life
expectancy approaching that of
peers without Down syndrome.

C. Myth: Adults with Down syndrome

are unable to form close
interpersonal relationships leading
to marriage.
Truth: People with Down syndrome
date, socialize, form ongoing
relationships and marry.

D. Myth: Down syndrome can never be

cured.
Truth: Research on Down syndrome
is making great strides in identifying
the genes on chromosome 21 that
cause the characteristics of Down
syndrome. Scientists now feel
strongly that it will be possible to
improve, correct or prevent many of
the problems associated with Down
syndrome in the future

E. Myth: People with Down syndrome

 are severely “retarded.”
Truth: Most people with Down
syndrome have IQs that fall in the
mild to moderate range of
intellectual disability (formerly
known as “retardation”). Children
with Down syndrome fully
participate in public and private
educational programs. Educators
and researchers are still discovering
the full educational potential of
people with Down syndrome.

4. For them to How does a child with Down Syndrome 10 mins. Interactive Hannah Powerpoint Cognitive
differentiate and be look like? discussion and Nebab presentation (Question and
aware of their visual aids with visual Answer on 1
physical • A flattened head in back aids example of
characteristics. (brachycephaly) physical
• Skin folds on the eyelids Brochure characteristic
• A flattened nose bridge )
• Folded, unusual, or small ears
• A gaping mouth
• A protruding tongue
• Abnormal teeth
• A short neck
• Short, broad hands
• Shorter-than-average height
• Low muscle tone (hypotonia)
throughout the body and
excessively loose joints
5. To determine how How is it Diagnosed? 10 mins. Interactive Hannah Powerpoint Cognitive
this condition is discussion and Nebab presentation (Question and
being assessed and ➢ Prenatal tests visual aids with visual Answer on the
diagnosed by the - Prenatal tests are optional aids 3 tests to
medical teams. tests that can be performed diagnose
during pregnancy to identify Brochure Down
a fetus’ sex, age, size, and Syndrome)
placement in the uterus.
➢ Screening tests
- Screening tests determine
the likelihood of Down
syndrome and other medical
conditions without providing
a definite diagnosis.

The different types of screening

tests include:
a) Blood Tests
b) Ultrasound

➢ Diagnostic tests
- Diagnostic tests can
determine whether a fetus
has Down syndrome with
nearly 100 percent accuracy.

The different types of diagnostic

tests include:
a) Chorionic Villus Sampling
(CVS)
b) Amniocentesis
6. To let the Effects of Down Syndrome to 10 mins. Interactive Hannah Powerpoint Cognitive
caregivers determine Children discussion and Nebab presentation (Question and
the different effects visual aids with visual Answer on the
of the condition on • Affective aids different
the different - Trouble managing effects of
domains and frustrations Brochure Down
develops - trouble controlling impulses Syndrome)
remedies/actions - trouble communicating
towards it. - trouble relating to other
children and adults

• Psychomotor
- Delayed motor skills (gross
and fine movements)

• Cognitive
- Delayed learning skills
- Verbal short-term memory
problems

Effects of Down Syndrome to

Caregivers

• Affective
- Stress
- Behavioral problems due to
stress and anxiety

• Psychomotor
- Physically exhausted
- Altered physical activities

• Cognitive
- Decreased cognitive
 performance

7. For the caregivers Tips on How to Motivate/Handle a 10 mins. Interactive Hannah Powerpoint Cognitive
to know how to Child with Down Syndrome discussion and Nebab presentation (Question and
handle their child visual aids with visual Answer on 1
with Down 1) Be patient aids example on
Syndrome, as well as 2) Go easy on yourself the different
themselves. 3) Take care of your health Brochure tips provided)
4) Have high expectations for
your child. Be enthusiastic
and encouraging
5) Give simple, clear
directions
6) Encourage your child to be
independent.
7) Give your child chores, but
make sure to consider his
or her mental capacity,
attention span, and
abilities.
8) If your child makes a
mistake, do not say, “that’s
wrong.” Instead, ask him
or her to try again, or give
your child the correct
response and have him or
her repeat it.
9) Be consistent and keep
your eye on the long-term
goals
10) Establish a routine
11) Use visual schedules
12) Build a support system
 13) Reward good behavior

References:

Boston’s Children Hospital. “Down Syndrome”. childrenshospital.org

Down Syndrome Association. “Supporting the Student with Down Syndrome in Your Classroom”. Supporting-the-Student-With-DS-

Information-for-Teachers.pdf. Retrieved on May 5, 2022.

Ostermaier, K. (2021). “Patient education: Down syndrome (Beyond the Basics)”. uptodate.com

Seder, E. (2013). “Helpful Tips for Parents of Children with Down Syndrome”. napacenter.org