LEVEL 3c Cambio A 4

LEVEL 4
LEVEL 4
Listening and structuring enhancement
LEVEL 4
Listening and structuring enhancement
Lesson Name Page
1: Back to basics 02
LEVEL 4
2: Usages of the verb to be in present 04

3: Countable and uncountable 08
4: Simple present 10
5: Hiring Personnel 12
6: Simple future 14
7: Able to, can or may? 16
8: Imperative sentences 18
9: Past continuous and tag endings 20
10: Role-play (Complaint) 22
11: Possessive words 24
12: Simple past 26
13: Irregular verbs 28
14: Simple past and past continuous 32
15: Role-play (Promotion) 34
16: Comparative adjectives 36
17: Superlative adjectives 38
18: First conditional sentences 40
Lesson Name Page
19: Second conditional sentences 42

20: Role-play 44
21: Adverbs 46
22: Present Perfect 4
23: Present Perfect Progressive (Continuous) 52
24: Past Perfect 54
25: Role-play 56
26: Past Perfect 60
27: Past Events 62
28: Simple past – Past perfect – Present perfect 64
29: Personal pronouns 66
30: Personal pronouns 68
31: Declarative Sentences 70
32: Imperative sentences 72
33: Interrogative sentences 74
34: Subject and Object 78 Directorio
35: Subject Complement 80 Publicación realizada por SAY IT
36: Relative pronouns 82
Director General:
37: Prepositional phrases 84 Juan Pablo Ramírez Cruz
38: Job Interviews 86 Desarrollado y edición:
39: Job Interviews 90 Josue Francisco Alvarez Ayala
40: Job Interviews 91 Diseño

Raymundo González
41: Job Interviews 92 fogatacreativa.com
43: Job Interviews 94
44: Interview Vocabulary I 96 Phonetic Board
45: Interview Vocabulary II 98 Dirección de oficinas:
46: Interview Vocabulary III 100 Mar Mediterraneao 1103
Guadalajara, Jal.
47: Auxiliary verbs 102 México
48: Auxiliary verbs 104 Info@sayiteducation.com
49: Evaluation part I 106
www.sayiteducation.com
50: Evaluation part II 107
LEVEL 4 Reading and written expression
LESSON 1:
Back to basics
The Alphabet
Vowels Consonants
Aa (11) Bb (24-6) Cc (31-6) Dd (27-6)

Ee (6) Ff (7-26) Gg (45-6) Hh (11-42)
Ii (12) Jj (45-11) Kk (40-11) Ll (7-36) Mm (7-33) Nn (7-34)
Oo (13) Pp (23-6) Qq (40-14) Rr (21) Ss (7-31) Tt (28-6)
Uu (14) Vv (25-6) Ww (27-2-24-50-14) Xx (7-40-31) Yy (38-12) Zz (32-6)
There are multiple ways to pronounce vowels in English. Some of them can give up to five different
sounds. Let’s focus on what we call “Alphabet sounds and Relative sounds”
Alphabet Vowel Sounds

Say the letters of the vowels in English “A, E, I, O, U”
A (11) /ei/ - Bait, make, lame, raid, tame.

E (6) /i:/ - Leave, eagle, meet, read.
I (12) /ai/ - Bite, ice, fine, ride.
O (13) /eU/ - Road, boat, moan.
U (14) /u:/ - New, usual, fume.
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Look at the spelling of the vowel sounds in the words. What do you notice?
You should notice that there are two vowels in each word, that the first letter is pronounced with its
alphabet letter sound, and that the second vowel is silent. This is called: The “Two-Vowel Trend for
Alphabet Vowel Sounds”
If there are two vowel letters in a one-syllable word:
1. The first vowel is pronounced with its alphabet vowel sound.
2. The second vowel letter is silent.
Relative Vowel Sounds and The “One-Vowel Trend for Relative Vowel Sounds”
Sometimes the alphabet vowel letters stand for a different sound, a short relaxed vowel. These sounds
are called “relative vowel sounds”. You will note them in the words below
Say the following words
A (1) - /æ/ Lap, fat, math.

E (7) - /e/ Pet, let, fed.
I (5) - /I / Pit, lit, tin.
O (3) -/a/ Hot, dog, cop.
U (9) -/>/ Put.
Look at the spelling of the vowel sounds in the words. What do you notice?
You should notice that there is only one vowel letter in each of the words, and that they are the vowel
letters of the alphabet. They are followed by one or more consonants. These vowel sounds are short,
pure, and not diphthongs. We call these “relative vowel sounds”.
The “One-Vowel Trend for Relative Vowel Sounds”
If there is only ONE vowel letter in a short word, it is pronounced with its relative vowel sound.
Check out the following words; determine if they are “relative or alphabet sounds” and write
next to it the number of the phonetic board:
Aid Pick
Add Teen
Seat Ten
Set Hope
Mice Hop
Miss Cheese
Pine Chess
Pin Cute
Pike Cut
Notes
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LESSON 2:
Usages of the verb to be in present
Section A
Who are you? I am David.
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What are you? I’m a Doctor.
How old are you? I’m 30 years old.
Where are you from? I am from Chicago.
Where are you working? I’m working at a hospital.
Section B
Common contractions
Michelle: This is Tom.
He is a Doctor too.
He’s 27 years old. I am I’m
He’s not from Chicago. He’s from Miami.
He is working with David at the hospital. You are You’re
Dave: This is Emma. He is He’s
She’s an accountant.
She’s 27 years old. She is She’s
She is also from Miami.
It is It’s
Tom: This is Michelle.
She’s my assistant. They are They’re
She’s a very good assistant.
She’s working at the hospital. We are We’re
She’s not studying anymore.
8-36-31-13 Also ADV Too, as well.
7-34-6-33-20 Anymore ADV No more.
49-1-29-22 Rather ADV Very (Negative context)
Exercise 2.1
Answer the following questions.
E.g. Where is the teacher from? He is from France.
Where are you from?
What are you?
How old is your teacher?
Who is your favorite artist?
Exercise 2.2
Fill in the blanks with the correct tense in present continuous.
E.g. Marianne is memorizing her speech at this moment.
1. He at home right now. (To work)
2. They their next vacation.(To plan)
3. I for my exams. (To study)

4. Tom and Emma at the hotel this week. (To stay)
5. Dr. Smith to Los Angeles. (To go)
6. The secretary a phone call. (To take)
7. The new employees training. (To take)
Notes 5
LESSON 2:
Usages of the verb to be in present
Exercise 2.3
After listening to your teacher’s explanation, take the adjectives below and make complete
sentences using the verb to be.
1. Urgent
2. Affordable (Not expensive)
3. Easy-to-drive
4. Effective
5. Electric
6. Hybrid
7. Fast
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8. Expensive
9. Elegant.
10. Safe (Good security)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Adjectives
Adjectives are describing words; they modify, limit, or describe the noun (car, hospital, or
teacher) and the pronoun (He, she, or they).
E.g. The office is near.

She is angry.
When they are used without verbs; they will always come before the noun. Adjectives cannot come
before a pronoun.
E.g. You have a fantastic car.
You have a fantastic it. (car)
Verb to be
The functions in a sentence of the verb to be are multiple; here are some examples of its correct
use:
• Name: This is Aaron. Note: “This is” is used only the first time we mention
a new name.
• Profession: Aaron is a teacher. Note: The articles a or an come before the profession.
• Age: He is 30 years old. Note: “He is 30” is also a correct sentence.
• Origin: He is from Lyon. Note: The preposition “from” is obligatory for

this purpose.
• Present continuous: He is teaching Note: After the verb “to be” the verb must end with ‘ing’
Notes
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LESSON 3:
Countable and uncountable
Section A
Michelle: Good morning. Today is a beautiful day!
Are you ready for the conference?
Emma: Yes, we all are ready.
Tom: Great, here we are!
Michelle: This place is incredible.
Section B
Emma: There is an American flag. Tom: There are about 700 people from all
And there are many flags from other the globe.
countries.
Dave: Yes, there are. A lot of important people
Dave: It is an international business are coming here.
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conference.
Emma: What is the conference about?
Emma: How many people are there at this
place? Michelle: It is about new technologies.
49-7-27-6 Ready ADJ Prepared
26-36-1-39 Flag NOUN
4-24-15-28 About ADV Around, approximately.
4-24-15-28 Globe NOUN World, Planet.
31-7-25-22-50 Several ADJ Some, many (somewhere in the middle).
35-18 38-6 21 Here we are We arrived.

Countable and Uncountable nouns
A noun is a word used to name things. Every existing thing possesses a name; that name is a noun.
If the noun can be counted (1,2,3…) it is considered a countable noun. If you cannot count it, it is
called uncountable.
To express the existence of a noun we use ‘There is’ and ‘There are’ for singular or plural respectively.
Countable
Uncontable
How many students are there? There are two students.
PLURAL
Money, time, liquids, air, and
Uncountable feelings are some of the nouns
considered uncontable.
How much water is there? There is a lot of water
SINGULAR E.g. I love you very much (not many)
How many teachers are there? There is one teacher.

SINGULAR
Exercise 3.1
Fill in the blanks with the correct option – There is or There are-.
1.
several computers in this office.
2.
a beautiful painting on the wall.
3.
a president at your company?
4.
people working this morning.
5.
problems in our country.
Exercise 3.2
Fill in the blanks with the correct option – How much or How many -.
E.g. How much air is there in a tire?
How many people are there at your office?
1. cars are there at home?
2. visitors are there at the hospital at this moment?

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3. money is there in your pocket?
4. water is there in the coffee maker?
5. people are there in the school?

LESSON 4:
Simple present
Section A
Waitress: Good morning welcome to BJ’s.
Tom: Are you ready for breakfast?
Emma: Of course we are.
Michelle: I would like some eggs with bacon.

Do you have any?
Waitress: I’m sorry,we are out of bacon.

Would you like some ham instead?
Michelle: Yes, I would love that, thanks.
Section B
Waitress: Would you like to have some coffee? Tom: Wait, No, I don’t want coffee.
I prefer to drink a cup of tea.
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Emma: Yes, I really love coffee.

And I need to wake up! Waitress: Perfect Sir, coming right up .
15-28 2-25 Out of ADJ Without.
5-34-31-28-7-27 Instead ADV In substitution.
5-34-31-28-7-27 Coming right up Yes, sir.
12 38-9-27 36-3-25 29-1-28 I would love that Polite answer to “Would you like to”.
24-50-6-25 Believe VERB To think something is true.
2-26-48 Often ADV Frequently
35-7-36-30 Health NOUN Physical well-being.

Exercise 4.1
Fill in the blanks with the correct auxiliary verb in simple present.
E.g. I don’t think that Donald Trump is a good President.
Emma: I _______________ like to eat eggs, _______________ you have some pancakes instead?
Waitress: Yes, I think we _______________.
Michelle: Hey, _______________ Tom like to drink coffee?
Emma: No, I think he _______________.
David: So, what _______________ he like to drink?
Emma: Well, he always orders tea; He believes that coffee is bad for his health.
Exercise 4.2
Fill in the blanks with the correct auxiliary verb in simple present to create interrogative
sentences.
E.g. Does your wife like to watch movies?
1. ____________David and Tom come to work by bus every day?
2. ____________she play on the computer regularly?
3. ____________girls normally like to be engineers?
4. ____________he often read books?
5. ____________ they work on this company?
Simple Present
Simple Present is used to express actions that are repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a
hobby, a daily event, or something that often happens.
Positive: We always study for the class. Negative: They do not like to clean.
Karla has many reasons to worry. She doesn’t have a job.
My boss yells at everybody when he’s angry. Mexico does not speak English.
Interrogative: Do they think English is hard?

Does the company permit smoking indoors?
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LESSON 5:
Hiring Personnel
Section A Section B
Jim: Hello Scott, how’s it going? Scott: The person you hire has to be reliable
Scott: Great Jim thanks for asking. Jim: You’re right, she needs to be
responsible, neat, and punctual.
Jim: I need your help with something.
Scott: How many people are there interested
Scott: Tell me, I’m all ears. in the position?
Jim: I am having interviews for a new Jim: About 12, I guess the salary is very
assistant. attractive.
Scott: Well, I think there are some things to Scott: It is, I suggest you interview them all.
consider.
Jim: I’m starting this afternoon.
Jim: I have the resumes with me right now,
why don’t we take a look at them?
Scott: Sure thing!

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30-1-43-40-31 26-20 Thanks for
49-7-31-4-33-11 Resumes NOUN CV
28-11-40 4 36-9-40 1-28 Take a look at VERB Look at
35-12-49 Hire VERB To employ
49-5-36-12-4-24-50 Reliable ADJ Responsible
34-6-27-31 Needs VERB
34-6-28 Neat ADJ In order
39-7-31 Guess VERB Suppose
31-2-(39)-45-7-31-28 Suggest VERB Recommend

LESSON 5:
Role-play
1. What does Jim need Scott’s help for?
2. What characteristics does the new assistant need to have?
3. How many people are there interested in the position?
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LESSON 6:
Simple future
Section A
Tom: Tomorrow, we will go to NY for a
meeting.
Will you come with us?
Michelle: Yes, we will.

I think it´s a good idea.
Dave: Yes, it is, and I really want to visit the

Statue of Liberty.
Emma: Ok, I’m going to sleep because we need

to be ready very early.
Tom: We have to be at the airport one hour
before.
Dave: You are right Tom, I suggest to take a

taxi.
Emma: I agree guys, taking a taxi is a very good

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idea, isn’t it Michelle?
Michelle: Yes, it is, and it is more comfortable too.
33-6-28-44 Meeting NOUN Business reunion.
17-36-6 Early ADV Antonym of late.
E.g. I wake up early every day.
35-1-26 28-10 Have to VERB Obligations.
4-39-49-6 Agree VERB To have the same idea or opinion.
40-2-33-28-49-4-24-50 Comfortable ADJ It offers comfort.
30-49-13 4 23-21-28-6 Throw a party VERB To organize a big party.
23-49-4-33-13-28-47 Promoted ADJ Given a better position in a company.

Exercise 6.1
Fill in the blanks with the correct auxiliary verb in simple future.
E.g. I am going to find a job when I conclude college.
I will buy a new house someday.
1. One day, I _____________________________ (to work) in an international company.
2. Starting tomorrow, _____________________________ (to work) in an international company.
3. I think that I _____________________________ (to study) for my exam, I am not sure.
4. I _____________________________ (to study), please don’t interrupt me.
5. I want to save money because I _____________________________ (to buy) a new computer soon.
6. I _____________________________ (to buy) something to eat, I feel really hungry.
7. She says that she _____________________________ (to read) that book probably this year.
8. He _____________________________ (to read) the book tonight because he has an exam tomorrow.
Notes
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LESSON 7:
Able to, can or may?
Section A
Tom: Good morning, four tickets to NY Emma: Do you accept plastic?
please.
Clerk: Yes, Ma’am. We do.
Clerk: Sure, I only have to check the available May I see your ID please?
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seats.
Let me see…fantastic! We have enough Emma: Yes, you may. Here it is.
seats.
It is $400.00 please.
4-25-11-36-4-24-50 Available ADJ Free to use.
31-6-28-31 Seats NOUN Any place to sit on.
5-34-2-26 Enough ADJ Sufficient.
23-36-1-31-28-5-40 Plastic NOUN Credit or debit card.
33-1-1-33 Ma’am NOUN Abbreviation for Madam.
12 27-6 ID NOUN License, INE, Passport.
35-1-43 15-28 Hang out VERB To spend free time.
35-14-45 Huge ADJ Really big, enormous

Exercise 7.1
Fill in the blanks with a correct auxiliary verb ‘may’ or ‘can’ depending on the context of the
sentence.
E.g. I can speak English.
May I leave? I have to go to work.
1. I ______________ speak French well.
2. How______________ I help you?
3. He ______________ run really fast.
4. I have my boss’ permission; I ______________ leave for home.
5. ______________ you close the door please?
6. I don’t think I ______________ finish this project by tomorrow!
7. Smoking ______________ have a terrible impact on your health.
Exercise 7.2
Prepare five sentences using ‘able to’ to express an ability.
Read them to the rest of your class!
E.g. I can speak English.
May I leave? I have to go to work.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Able to 17
We use be able to to express ability. “Able” is an adjective meaning: having the power, skill or means to
do something. If we say “I am able to swim”, it is like saying “I can swim”. We sometimes use be able to
instead of “can” or “could” for ability. Be able to is possible in all tenses - but “can” is possible only in the
present and “could” is possible only in the past for ability. In addition, “can” and “could” have no infinitive
form. So we use be able to when we want to use other tenses or the infinitive. Look at these examples:
• I am able to swim. (present)

• You will be able to speak perfect English very soon. (future simple)
May- Can
An educated English speaker will preserve the traditional distinction: can for ability or power to do
something, may for permission to do it.
• I cannot believe I received a scholarship!

• May I help you? Yes, you may.
LESSON 8:
Imperative sentences
Section A
Clerk: May I take your luggage?
Tom: Please be very careful, I have very

delicate things here.
Clerk: Don’t worry Sir. We insure all the

luggage.
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Tom: Does the insurance have an additional

cost?
Clerk: Yes, it does.
36-2-39-5-45 Luggage NOUN The “backpack” you take when traveling.
5-34-41-22 Insure VERB To give protection.
5-34-41-22-48-31 Insurance NOUN GNP, MetLife
23-4-36-9-28-47 Polluted ADJ Contaminated.
E.g. Mexico City’s air is rather polluted.
49-10-36-32 Rules NOUN Directions, orders, regulations.
26-3-36-13 Follow VERB Obey, respect.

Exercise 8.1
Fill in the blanks with a correct imperative verb from the list. Note: The verbs may be used in
positive or negative alike.
E.g. Don’t smoke inside the building please.
• Text 1. ___________________ your books now!

• Speak 2. ___________________ in this lake because it is polluted.
• Swim 3. ___________________ football inside the house.
• Read 4. ___________________ Spanish during class.
• Open 5. ___________________ the directions before answering.
• Play 6. ___________________ at home every day if you want to learn English.
• Sleep 7. ___________________ well before an exam.
• Practice 8. ___________________ when you have to drive!
Exercise 8.2
Write some of the rules ITS has. Also write some of the rules you would like to see in the school.
An imperative sentence gives a direct command or a request. It can end with a period or
an exclamation mark, depending on the intention. Imperative sentences do not include a 19
subject.
• You are fired, get out!
• Please close the door when you leave.

LESSON 9:
Past continuous and tag endings
Section A Section B
Dave: Oh!, we are finally here. Dave: Hi, we want to get four single rooms
please.
Tom: The trip was very long, wasn’t it? Do you take American Express?
Emma: Yes, it was. Clerk: Sure, we do.

For how many days will you stay?
Dave: But we were sleeping all the time.
Now, we need to get a hotel room for Dave: We will stay for five days.
each. How much is it for the rooms?
Michelle: I suggest The Plaza. Clerk: It is $449.99 for them.

My brother always says it is awesome.
Dave: Here it is.
Tom: There is room service, isn’t there?
Clerk: Yes, there is, but it’s not included.

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Tom: Thanks.
28-49-5-23 Trip NOUN Travel, Short voyage
3-31-4-33 Awesome ADJ Incredible.
31-44-50 49-10-33 Single rooms NOUN Individual rooms.
31-28-11 Stay VERB To remain in the same place.
40-36-17-40 Clerk NOUN Office worker.
31-23-49-44 Spring NOUN One season (Equinox)
49-5-31-7-41-48 Recession NOUN A period of time in which the economy
contracts
Exercise 9.1
Fill in the blanks with the correct verb to be form in the following sentences. (Present or past
tenses may apply)
E.g. My job is amazing, isn’t it?
1. I _______________ in Miami last spring, _______________ I? Yes, you _______________.
2. We _______________ at the conference last Saturday, _______________ we? No, we _______________.
3. Michelle _______________ at home yesterday, _______________ she? Yes, she _______________.
4. The employees _______________ on time for the meeting, _______________ they? No, they ______________.
5. Robert and Penny _______________ Sony’s employees, _______________ they? Yes, they _______________.
6. Dave and Tom _______________ talking about business, _______________they? Yes, they _______________.
7. Mexico _______________ in recession during the conflict, _______________ it? No, it _______________.
Verb to be in past form

The functions in a sentence of the verb to be are multiple; here are some examples of its correct use in
past tense.
• Charly was a good student when he was in school.
ADJECTIVE
• He was 21 when he had his first job.
• Einstein was from Germany.
Past continuous is used to refer to activities that occurred at a very specific moment.
• Fernando was teaching yesterday
• They were working at the office during the earthquake.
• Ixchel was studying at home last month.
• Daniel and Rebeca were practicing when Gustavo ordered pizza.
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Note: After the verb to be we use adjectives (nice, big, smart)
‘When’ is used to connect two events.
The subjects I, He, She and It require the form ‘was’.

The subjects You, We and They require the form ‘were’.
LESSON 10:
Role-play (Complaint)
Section A Section B
Ralph: Good afternoon, my name is Ralph. Steve: No need to make such decision. I am
here to help.
Steve: Welcome to AT&T, may I help you
Ralph? Ralph: I was really thinking in breaking my
contract.
Ralph: Thanks, I have a minor problem with
my device. I am not able to make calls. Steve: Ralph, I think your device is having
some issues. I can change it for a new
Steve: I was just checking a similar problem one.
with another customer.
Ralph: It is a great idea, isn’t it?
Ralph: I think I will change my carrier, this is
not the first time! Steve: I am sure you will no longer have
problems with it.
Ralph: I really hope so
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33-12-34-22 Minor ADJ Small, of not much importance
27-5-25-12-31 Device NOUN Electronics such as phones, computers.
4-34-2-29-22 Another ADJ Not the one at hand. (Used for singulars)
40-21-5-22 Carrier NOUN Phone provider
34-13 No ADJ Zero
31-2-42 Such ADJ This, used to emphasize
5-41-9-31 Issues NOUN Problems
38-2-34 One PRONOUN A universal pronoun
34-13 36-3-43-(39)-22 No longer ADV Not anymore
12 35-13-23 49-5-36-6 31-13 I really hope so! EXP Used to express you want something
Questions
1. What is Ralph’s problem?
2. What is the solution Steve offers?
3. Do you usually have problems with your carrier?
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LESSON 11:
Possessive words
Section A Section B
Bellhop: May I take your luggage? Tom: Hello. This is Tom from room 265
I need you to bring me some food.
Emma: Sure thing.
Kitchen: Of course, Sir.
Michelle: Look Emma, my room is next to What would you like to eat?
yours!
Tom: I really would like to eat some fried
Emma: Perfect, and mine is right in front of chicken.
Dave’s.
Kitchen: Anything to drink?
Michelle: I think Tom’s is by Dave’s.
So, we are all very close to each other Tom: Yes, can you bring me a regular coke
and a bottle of water?
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24-49-44 Bring VERB To carry to my place.
6-42 2-22-29 Each other ADV Mutually.
7-34-6-30-44 Anything NOUN Opposite of something.
24-5-36-27-44 Building NOUN House, Museum, etc.
28-49-9-30 Truth NOUN Reality.
E.g. I will tell the truth, if I see a crime.
34-11-24-22-35-9-27 Neighborhood NOUN A section of the city.
27-5-31-4-39-49-6 Disagree VERB Opposite of “agree”.
31-5-34-31 Since ADV Because
30-3-28 Thought VERB Think in past

Exercise 11.1
Fill in the blanks with the correct possessive word
E.g. Her car is outside my house, mine is in the garage.
1. This is _______________ office, please come in. (I)
2. That big building in the corner is _______________.(They)
3. Everybody thinks it is _______________ idea, (You) but the truth is that it is _______________. (I)
4. _______________ (He) family is very large; _______________ (He) is really small.
5. _______________ (They) book is incomplete; _______________ (She) is full of complete exercises.
6. _______________ (I) neighborhood is safe, _______________ (She) isn’t.
7. I don’t know _______________ (They) situation very well.
Noun, pronoun or adjective?

There are three ways to express possession in the
English language; these are:
Possessive nouns: Created by adding an
apostrophe and a letter s at the end of a name.
• Claudia’s class starts at 7:30 o’clock.
• Ruben’s job is really interesting.
• Ulysse’s health is the most important.
Possessive adjectives: These always come

before nouns.
• I really love my job. adjetive pronoun

I My Mine
You Your Yours
Possessive pronouns: These indicate
possession and at the same time substitute. He His His
She Her Hers
• Your desk is next to the door, hers is by the It Its Its
window.
They Their Theirs 25
• Your desk is next to the door, hers desk is by We Our Ours
the window.
LESSON 12:
Simple past
Section A
Michelle: Did you watch the news this Michelle: The Congress recently implemented
morning? a new tax on food.
Dave: No, I didn’t watch them. Dave: Where did you watch it?
What happened?
Michelle: I watched it on CNN.
Michelle: The government created a new tax
that will affect us all.
Dave: Oh yes, Emma watched the news last

night, and she mentioned something
about it.
Note: Regular verbs keep the same form in both Simple past and Past Perfect all the same.
P
26
30-4 34-14-31 The news NOUN CNN.
36-1-31-28 34-12-28 Last night NOUN The night before.
E.g. I had a sandwich last night.
1-26-7-40-28 Affect VERB To have an impact.
49-5-31-48-28-36-6 Recently ADV Not long ago.
received a phone call from my boss.
28-1-40-31 Tax NOUN I.V.A.

E.g. A tax on food is a really bad idea.
28-49-12 Try VERB To do an effort.
33-10-25 Move VERB To change your residence

Exercise 12.1
After comprehending how to pronounce the ending ‘ed’ correctly; list the verbs below in past
form, and write the number of the pronunciation according to the Phonetic Board.
(27, 28 and 47)
núm present past phonetic board
1 Want ______________ ______________
2 Use ______________ ______________
3 Work ______________ ______________
4 Call ______________ ______________
5 Try ______________ ______________
6 Ask ______________ ______________
7 Need ______________ ______________
8 Create ______________ ______________
9 Help ______________ ______________
10 Play ______________ ______________
11 Move ______________ ______________
12 Live ______________ ______________
How to use simple past

Simple Past expresses an action occurring just once, it is not necessary to signal the moment of the
action.
Positive: We studied for the class. Pronunciation of ‘ED’
PAST
Karla had a terrible day at work. 28 47 27

PAST
23 Jumped 28 Visited Any other
Negative: They did not come to class.
PRESENT 26 Laughed Invited verb

My boss didn’t scold anybody for the awful results. 31 Kissed 27 Needed
PRESENT
40 Worked Sounded
Interrogative: Did they go to work today? 27
PRESENT 41 Brushed
Did the company prohibit jeans? 42 Wached

PRESENT
LESSON 13:
Irregular verbs
Section A
Dr. Smith: Good morning Tom, did you send Tom: Hello Michelle, did you get the
the emails this morning? results from the lab?
P
28
Michelle: Yes, I got them, they came early this

Tom: Yes, I told my assistant to do it morning.
She just sent them an hour ago.
Tom: Where did you leave them?
Dr. Smith: Can you please confirm it?
Michelle: I left them on your desk.
Tom: Yes, I already did.
Tom: Great, my patient will get here soon.
Dr. Smith: Thanks a lot Tom.
31-7-34-27. Send VERB Transmit, export.
45-2-31-28 Just ADV Recently. E.g. I just showered so I smell good.
8-36-49-7-27-6 Already ADV. Before. E.g. I already ate. I cannot eat again, can I?
36-1-24 Lab NOUN Laboratory.
36-6-25 Leave VERB To put on. E.g. I leave my glasses on the table at night.
31-9-34 Soon ADV In no time. E.g. Selene will soon work full time at ITS.
Exercise 13.1
Fill in the blanks using the verb in past tense (Regular and irregular verbs)
E.g. I went to L.A for a meeting.

• Paid • Bought
• Created • Grew
• Had • Called
• Got • Broke
• Sent • Obtained
1. She ________________________ those e-mails last week.
2. Henry Ford ________________________ his first car more than 100 years ago!
3. My boss ________________________ angry in the reunion.
4. We ________________________ that desk accidentally.
5. My co-workers, and I ________________________ lunch together.
6. He ________________________ the lawyer yesterday.
7. This company ________________________ a lot the past year.
8. Her brother ________________________ a new job.
9. My brother and I ________________________ our car last week.
10. I ________________________ my taxes on time.
Exercise 13.2
1. At what time did you wake up today?
2. Did you understand today’s lesson?
3. Did your teacher get on time to class?

29
4. What did you have for dinner yesterday?

LESSON 13:
Irregular verbs
Present Simple past Past participle
Be (24-6) Was (38-3-31) Were (38-17) Been (24-5-34)

Have (35-1-25) Had (35-1-27) Had (35-1-27)
Do (27-10) Did (27-5-27) Done (27-2-34)
Say (31-11) Said (31-7-27) Said (31-7-27)
Get (39-7-28) Got (39-3-28) Gotten (39-3-28-48)
Make (33-11-40) Made (33-11-27) Made (33-11-27)
Go (39-13) Went (38-7-34-28) Gone (39-3-34)
Know (34-13) Knew (34-14) Known (34-13-34)
Take (28-11-40) Took (28-9-40) Taken (28-11-40-48)
P See (31-6) Saw (31-8) Seen (31-6-34)

30
Come (40-2-33) Came (40-11-33) Come (40-2-33)

Think (30-44-40) Thought (30-8-28) Thought (30-8-28)
Feel (26-6-36) Felt (26-7-36-28) Felt (26-7-36-28)
Find (26-12-34-27) Found (26-15-34-27) Found (26-15-34-27)
Tell (28-7-36) Told (28-13-36-27) Told (28-13-36-27)
Put (23-9-28) Put (23-9-28) Put (23-9-28)
Bring (24-49-44) Brought (24-49-8-28) Brought (24-49-8-28)
Speak (31-23-6-40) Spoke (31-23-13-40) Spoken (31-23-13-40-48)
Meet (33-6-28) Met (33-7-28) Met (33-7-28)
Read (49-6-27) Read (49-7-27) Read (49-7-27)
Grow (39-49-13) Grew (39-49-10) Grown (39-49-13-34)
Feel (26-6-36) Felt (26-7-36-28) Felt (26-7-36-28)
Become (24-5-40-2-33) Became (24-5-40-11-33) Become (24-5-40-2-33)
Write (49-12-28) Wrote (49-13-28) Written (49-5-28-48)
Pay (23-11) Paid (23-11-27) Paid (23-11-27)
31
LESSON 14:
Simple past and past continuous
Section A
Emma: Would you like to go shopping with me?
Michelle: I was thinking about it when you called me.
Emma: I will see you at your place after work.
Michelle: Can you come a little bit later?

I am tied up at the moment.
Emma: See you later then.
Section B
Emma: Excuse me, How much is it for everything?
Clerk: It is $35.00 for the shoes, $20.00 for the blouse, and $50.00 for the purse.
It’s a total of $105.00 tax included.
Emma: Do you take plastic?

P
32
Clerk: Yes, Ma’am, except for American Express.
Emma: That’s not a problem.
28-12-27 2-23 Tied up ADJ Busy, not having time.
23-17-31 Purse NOUN A woman’s “bag”.
26-36-12-28 Flight NOUN Trip on a plane.
5-34-45-16 Enjoy VERB To like
26-17-31-28 40-36-1-31 First class trip NOUN A V.I.P flight
28-49-5-23
4 36-5-28-50 A little bit later ADV Later
24-5-28 36-11-28-22
Combining simple and continuous past
We often use the past continuous and the past simple tense together. When this happens, the
past continuous describes a long ‘event’ action or situation and the past simple indicates a
short event.
• It was raining when I woke up

LONG EVENT SHORT EVENT
• Brenda called me when I was taking a shower, I didn’t answer.

SHORT EVENT LONG EVENT
Exercise 14.1
Use the verbs given to create a complete idea.
Note: Students need to make modifications to the verb forms.
E.g. Driving/crashing.
I was driving downtown when I crashed against a tree.
• Studying/Receiving a phone call.
• Cleaning/Someone knocking on the door.

• Waiting for/ Teacher arriving
• Typing an e-mail/electricity going out.
• Watching a video/ Ad (publicity) interrupting
1.
2.
33
3.
4.
5.
LESSON 15:
Role-play (Promotion)
Section A Section B
George: Kenny, may I have a word with you? George: It is my job to have the right person in
(On the phone) the right position.
Kenny: Yes sir, I am on my way. Kenny: And which is mine?
George: Last year you did a terrific job, George: Yours is to manage the new site.
congratulations for that.
Kenny: I am ready for this new position.
Kenny: Thanks sir, I did my best. It is a great opportunity.
George: Nobody in the company performed George: We will start as soon as possible.
better. I want to promote you.
Kenny: I could start immediately.
Naomi: Incredible! I won’t let you down.
35-1-25 4 38-17-27 Have a word VERB To talk to someone in private
P
34
3-34 33-12 38-11 On my way Going to destination.
28-17-5-26-5-40 Terrific ADJ Fantastic.
33-12 25-7-31-28 My best EXP All I can do. My 100%
34-13-24-3-27-5 Nobody PRONON No one
23-22-26-20-33-27 Performed VERB Did a job
23-49-4-33-13-28 Promote VERB Give a better job.
28-10 36-7-28 27-15-34 To let down VERB To disillusion
49-12-28 Right ADJ Correct.
33-1-34-5-45 Manage VERB Control
31-12-28 Site NOUN Facilities, building.

Questions
1. Why did George want to talk to Kenny?
2. What was Kenny’s reaction?
3. What do you have to do to get a promotion?
35
LESSON 16:
Comparative adjectives
Section A
Emma: I love shopping at Macy’s
Michelle: So do I, But it’s more expensive than Ross.

Emma: I agree. However, the customer service is way better here.
Michelle: You’re right, the employees are nicer here.
Emma: I think online shopping is also a good idea.
Michelle: That’s right, it’s faster, safer, and sometimes cheaper.

Emma: I guess that I prefer going to the mall.
P
36
31-13 27-10 12 So do I Me too
Note: Limited use to simple present actions.
35-15-7-25-22 However CONJ But.
38-11 Way ADV Much more.
48-33-23-36-16-6 Employee NOUN Worker.
31-11-26-22 Safer ADJ Less dangerous.
28-49-1-26-5-40 45-1-33 Traffic Jam NOUN Stopped traffic
34-15-4-27-12-32 Nowadays ADV In these times
34-3-34 31-33-13-40-22 Non-smokers NOUN People who don’t smoke.
14-46-9-50-6 Usually ADV Commonly, Regularly.

Exercise 16.1
Create sentences using comparative adjectives. Tip: Verb to be!
E.g. Guadalajara is bigger than Monterrey, but it is smaller than Mexico City.
• Long • Important
• Great • Expensive
• Big • Interesting
• Small • Necessary
• Large • Delicious
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Comparative adjectives are used to compare one thing to another.

1. When the original adjective contains only one or two syllables the suffix ‘er’ or ‘ier’ is added at the end.
Examples: Bigger, stronger, faster, etc.
2. When the original adjective contains three or more syllables the word ‘more’ is added before the
adjective.

Examples: More difficult, More intelligent.
3. If the two things under the comparison are equal, an adjective must be in the middle of two ‘as’
• My brother is taller than me, and he is younger too.
• A rose is more beautiful than a daisy.

37
• Learning Japanese is more difficult than learning English.
• Frank is as short as my brother. (Not taller, not shorter)

• Jazz is as beautiful as the moon.
LESSON 17:
Superlative adjectives
Section A
Dave: This is the most difficult month of the year.
Tom: Why do you say so?
Dave: It’s because I have the hardest exams
Tom: Are you still a student?
Dave: Yes I am, Medicine is the longest career.

And I want to be the best.
P
38
31-13 So Pronoun That, used to substitute whole ideas.
E.g. A: Do you think it is important to be honest? B: Of course I think so (it is important to
be honest)
31-28-5-36 Still ADV Continue for long time
E.g. I am an English teacher since 2010, and I still learn something new every day.
Exercise 17.1
Use the adjectives from the list below to create a complete idea using superlative adjectives:
Tip: Verb to be!
• Long • Important
• Great • Expensive
• Big • Interesting
• Small • Necessary
• Large • Delicious
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Superlative adjectives are used to compare three or more nouns and show “the first or last place”.
They indicate that we refer to the #1 and nothing or no one is superior.
1. When the original adjective contains only one or two syllables the suffix ‘est’ or ‘iest’ is added
at the end.
2. When the original adjective contains three or more syllables the words ’The most’ are added
before the adjective.
• Jupiter is the biggest planet in our Solar System.
• Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.
• This is the most interesting book I have ever read. 39

LESSON 18:
First conditional sentences
Section A
Tom: Hey Dave, Michelle told me that I should call you, what’s going on?
Dave: I have a business proposal for you, I think you might like it.
Tom: Tell me, I’m all ears.
Dave: A big Swiss pharmaceutical contacted me to expand their business

If we accept, we will make a lot of money.
P
40
41-9-27 Should AUX Auxiliary or Modal for
recommendations.
38-2-28-31 39-13-44 3-34 What’s going on? What is happening?
33-12-28 Might AUX Auxiliary or Modal “Probably”.
8-36 18-31 All ears You have all my attention.
31-38-5-31 Swiss ADJ From Switzerland.
26-21-33-4-31-37-28-5-40-50 Pharmaceutical ADJ From pharmacies
33-11-40 33-4-34-5 Make money Produce money.

Exercise 18.1
Fill in the blanks with the correct verb in order to make a correct first conditional sentence.
E.g. If I work very hard, my company will promote me.

PRESENT FUTURE
1. If you _________________________ (To attend) the meeting, the manager _______________________________

(To be) really angry.
2. I _________________________ (To get) angry, If my co-workers __________________________________________

(To come) late today.
3. If we _________________________ (To go) to Europe this year, I _________________________________________

(To visit) Spain.
4. If the economy _________________________ (To improve), we __________________________________________

(To buy) a new car this year.
5. We _________________________ (To leave) early, if we _________________________ (To finish) the project
Conditionals
Conditional zero expresses a logical consequence for an action.
E.g. If I do not eat, I get hungry.

PRESENT PRESENT
First conditional expresses a future or possible consequence for an action.
E.g. If she doesn’t show up the company will fire her.

PRESENT FUTURE
E.g. If she doesn’t show up the company can fire her.

PRESENT POSSIBLE SCENARIO
41
LESSON 19:
Second conditional sentences
Section A Section B
Dave: Good morning Mr. Anderson. Dave: If I had everything right now I
would start immediately.
Mr. Anderson: Good Morning Dave how’s
everything? Mr. Anderson: Perfect, I’ll have my secretary
send you everything you need.
Dave: Everything is just great, I’m calling to You must sign the contract so we can
accept your business proposal. start.
Mr. Anderson: I’m glad to hear that. Dave: Excellent, I’ll have my work team ready
When could you start? this week.
Dave: I will start as soon as possible. Mr. Anderson: Fantastic, we can meet next
Friday.
P
42
39-36-1-27 Glad ADJ Content, happy.
31-12-34 Sign VERB To write “your personal mark”.
38-17-40 28-6-33 Work team NOUN The people you work with.
33-2-31-28 Must AUX Have to. It expresses the highest level of
obligation
33-6-28 Meet VERB To have a reunion, to see each other at
one place.
31-5-34-31 24-17-30 Since birth ADV From the moment I was born
1-32 31-9-34 1-32 As soon as possible ADV The fastest you can.
23-3-31-4-24-50
Exercise 19 .1
Read the sentences below and complete them using the correct structure.
1. Could (Possibility)
2. Might (Probability)
3. Would (Imaginary, hypothetical)
Example: If I spoke perfect English, I would work in an international company. (hypothetical)
1. If I had one million dollars, I __________________________________________________.
2. If I were the president, I __________________________________________________.

3. If I saw an accident, I __________________________________________________.
4. If I were a teacher, I __________________________________________________.
5. If I lost my phone, I __________________________________________________.
6. If I studied at Harvard, __________________________________________________.
7. If my teacher were angry at me, __________________________________________________.
Second conditional expresses a predicted or imagined consequence for an unreal or not very likely
action.
E.g. If I were younger I would learn how to play the piano.

PAST IMAGINED SCENARIO
Note: For second conditional the modals ‘could and might’ can also be used.
43
LESSON 20:
Role-play
Section A
Martin: Hello Joe; how is it going? Martin: Of course, it is 13578AF3FE563
Joe: Everything is fine, how may I help you? Joe: I’m sorry I didn’t get that, once
again please.
Martin: I would like you to help me track a
package that I sent last week Martin: Sure thing, it is 13578AF3FE563
Joe: Sure, do you have the shipping id? Joe: Thanks a lot, oh it’s already in the
warehouse in Chicago
Martin: Yes, here it is.
Martin: That’s great, you are really efficient.
Joe: Can you please dictate it to speed up
the process?
P
44
28-49-1-40 Track VERB Trace, Find
23-1-40-5-45 Package NOUN Pack
41-5-23-44 12 27-6 Shipping ID NOUN Package number (DHL is a shipping
company)
27-5-40-28-11-28 Dictate VERB Cognate
31-23-6-27 2-23 Speed up VERB Accelerate
12 27-5-27-34-28 39-7-28 I didn’t get that EXP I didn’t understand
38-2-34-31 4-39-48 Once again EXP One more time
38-19-35-15-31 Warehouse NOUN A big place used to store things
4-26-5-41-48-28 Efficient ADJ Cognate

45
LESSON 21:
Adverbs
Section A
Dave: I think that this is a great chance to Tom: Does it mean that I have to travel
work together. regularly?
Tom: I totally agree with you, it sounds Dave: That’s right, I hope you are not too
great. afraid of planes.
Dave: I really want you to supervise some

drugstores within the country.
P
46
42-1-34-31 Chance NOUN Opportunity
28-13-28-50-6 Totally ADV Absolutely
27-49-2-39-31-28-20-31 Drugstores NOUN Pharmacies
38-5-30-5-34 Within PREP In, inside
27-2-32 5-28 33-6-34 Does it mean EXP In other words…
35-13-23 Hope VERB I really expect
4-26-49-11-27 2-25 Afraid of ADJ Scared of…
28-10 Too ADV Excessively

Adverbs are words that describe actions. Examples are: here, now, soon, suddenly etc.
• Some adverbs describe how an action is done. These are called adverbs of manner. Examples are:
slowly, carefully, kindly etc.
• Some adverbs say where something happens. These are called adverbs of place. Examples are:
outside, inside, upstairs, here, there etc.
• Some adverbs say when something happens. These are called adverbs of time. Examples are:
soon, now, then, yesterday, last week etc.
Exercise 21 .1
Use an action and an adverb from the lists below and create complete ideas.
Adverbs (These are our recommendations)
• Time: Now, last week, tomorrow, tonight.
• Place: Here, there, outside.
• Manner: Quickly, slowly, hard, nicely, silently, punctually, correctly.
Actions (Use the conjugation you prefer)
• To finish • To study
• To start • To learn
• To apply (application for a new job) • To speak
• To send • To integrate
• To work • To design
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
47
8.
9.
10.
LESSON 22:
Present Perfect
Section A
Tom: Have you ever visited Santa Monica? Dave: It’s on Ocean Avenue by Pacific Park.
Emma: No, I haven’t, How far is it? Michelle: Oh! I have been there, but it was long
time ago.
Tom: I’m not really sure, but I know it’s near.
Emma: I think that we should go.
P
48
7-25-22 Ever ADV In any moment of your life
34-18 Near PREP Close, not far
31-28-6-36 Steal VERB To take somebody else’s property
31-40-12 27-12-25 Sky dive VERB To jump off a plane with a parachute
28-10 28-49-12 To try VERB To make an effort
49-12-27 Ride VERB To move on a bike, motorcycle, or horse.
31-11-36 Sail VERB To move through water. (Popeye the
sailor)
Exercise 22 .1
Answer the following questions. (The verb is shown bolded)
1. How long have you studied English?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Have you been to The United States?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
3. What places in Mexico have you visited?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Have you had a job?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Have you ever worked? Where?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Present perfect usages
1. We use the Present Perfect Tense to talk about experiences. It is important if we have done it in our
lives or not. It is not important when we did it. 
• I have been abroad two times.  
• Anna has never broken a leg.  
• Have you ever eaten sushi? 
Tip! We often use never and ever with the Present Perfect Tense to talk about experience.
2. We use the Present Perfect Tense to talk about an action which started in the past and continuous
up to now.
• I have been a teacher for more than ten years.
• We haven’t seen Laura since Friday.
• How long have you been at this school? 
Tip! We often use since and for to say how long the action has lasted.
3. We also use the Present Perfect Tense to talk about a past action that has the result in the present. 
• I have lost my wallet. = I don’t have it now.  
• Jimmy has gone to South America. = He isn’t here now.   49
• Have you finished your homework? = Is your homework ready? 

Tip! We often use just, already and yet with the Present Perfect Tense for an action in the
past with theresult in the present. 
LESSON 22:
Present Perfect
Present Simple past Past participle
Be (24-6) Was (38-3-31) Were (38-17) Been (24-5-34)

Have (35-1-25 Had (35-1-27) Had (35-1-27)
Do (27-10) Did (27-5-27) Done (27-2-34)
Say (31-11) Said (31-7-27) Said (31-7-27)
Get (39-7-28) Got (39-3-28) Gotten (39-3-28-48)
Make (33-11-40) Made (33-11-27) Made (33-11-27)
Go (39-13) Went (38-7-34-28) Gone (39-3-34)
Know (34-13) Knew (34-14) Known (34-13-34)
Take (28-11-40) Took (28-9-40) Taken (28-11-40-48)
P See (31-6) Saw (31-8) Seen (31-6-34)

50
Come (40-2-33) Came (40-11-33) Come (40-2-33)

Think (30-44-40) Thought (30-8-28) Thought (30-8-28)
Feel (26-6-36) Felt (26-7-36-28) Felt (26-7-36-28)
Find (26-12-34-27) Found (26-15-34-27) Found (26-15-34-27)
Tell (28-7-36) Told (28-13-36-27) Told (28-13-36-27)
Put (23-9-28) Put (23-9-28) Put (23-9-28)
Bring (24-49-44) Brought (24-49-8-28) Brought (24-49-8-28)
Speak (31-23-6-40) Spoke (31-23-13-40) Spoken (31-23-13-40-48)
Meet (33-6-28) Met (33-7-28) Met (33-7-28)
Read (49-6-27) Read (49-7-27) Read (49-7-27)
Grow (39-49-13) Grew (39-49-10) Grown (39-49-13-34)
Feel (26-6-36) Felt (26-7-36-28) Felt (26-7-36-28)
Become (24-5-40-2-33) Became (24-5-40-11-33) Become (24-5-40-2-33)
Write (49-12-28) Wrote (49-13-28) Written (49-5-28-48)
Pay (23-11) Paid (23-11-27) Paid (23-11-27)
51
LESSON 23:
Present Perfect Progressive (Continuous)
Section A
Taxi driver: Where to?
Tom: We’re going to Santa Monica Mall.

Do you know how to get to that place?
Taxi driver: Of course I do.

Please get on the taxi.
Dave: Hey guys, I have been thinking. I feel really tired.

I can’t stay long.
Michelle: Neither can I.

I have to get up early.
P
52
38-19 28-10 Where to? EXP Where are you going to?
39-7-28 28-10 Get to VERB Arrive to
39-7-28 3-34 Get on VERB Aboard any means of transportation.
36-3-43 Long ADV A lot of time, long time.
34-12-29-22 40-1-34 12 Neither can I EXP I can’t … either
39-7-28 2-23 Get up VERB Get off bed
33-7-31 Mess NOUN Disaster
4 49-7-31-28 A rest NOUN A break
49-2-41 15-22 Rush hour NOUN The heaviest time for the traffic
Exercise 23 .1
1. For how long have you been studying English?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. How many schools have you been at?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Have you had lunch today?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Have you been exercising this year?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. For how long has your teacher been teaching? (ask him/her)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous

I have studied English in several different I have been studying English for five years.
countries.
• Putting emphasis on the course or duration
• Emphasis is on the result (not the duration) (not the result)
• Action that started in the past & is still going on • Action that recently stopped or is still goingon
• Action that stopped recently • Finished action that influenced the present
• Finished action that has an influence on the
present
53
LESSON 24:
Past Perfect
Section A
Dave: Hey guys, did you like the movie?
P
54
Tom: Yes, I did, but I had already watched it two weeks ago.
Emma: Really? Why didn’t you tell us?
Tom: It’s because I didn’t want to spoil it to you, and I had never watched it in 3D.
8-36-49-7-27-6 Already ADV Before now, before that
31-23-16-36 Spoil VERB Ruin
24-5-36-28 Built VERB Constructed
28-9-40 3-26 Took off VERB Left, went to a place
23-36-1-31-28-22 Plaster NOUN A substance that hardens when dried.
24-49-3-28 Brought VERB Took from one place to another
49-5-40-8-36 Recall VERB Remember

Exercise 24 .1
Fill in the blanks with the correct past perfect structure.
1. The storm destroyed the building that we____________________________ (build)hadbuilt.
2. He ____________________________ (not / be) to Mexico city before 2016, it was his first time.
3. She had a great exam because she____________________________ (study) really hard.
4. John ruined the contract with the customers that we ____________________________ (get).
5. The doctor took off the plaster that he ____________________________ (put on) six weeks before.
6. The waiter brought a drink that I ____________________________ (not / order) .

7. I could not recall the dialogues we ____________________________ (learn) the week before.
The past perfect tense is most often used for the following:
• For actions that happened before a past event
• In reported speech
• In if (conditional) sentences
For actions that happened before a past event (Like in this lesson)
When we want to talk about an action that happened before a past event, we often use the past perfect.
Look at these examples:
• When I got home yesterday, my father had already cooked dinner.

• I didn’t want to go to the movies with my friends because I had seen the film already.
• My friend offered me an apple in class yesterday, but I wasn’t hungry because I had just eaten lunch.
• I arrived very late at the party. All my friends had already gone home.
• As soon as she had done her homework, she went to bed.
• I was very tired as I hadn’t slept well for several days.
• Had you seen the film before?
Notice how often words like already, just, never etc. are used with the past perfect.
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LESSON 25:
Role-play
Section A
Mr. E: Welcome to our company
Mr. F: Nice to be here.
Mr. E: Tell me about yourself.
Mr. F: Well, as you can see from my resume, I have worked in business
administration for several years and I have an MBA.
Mr. E: Oh! That’s great
Mr. F: I want to have a good salary and I know this company pays well.
Mr. E: I see. And what do you do in your free time?
Mr. F: I like to play pool and watch television.
Mr. E: What do you like on T.V?

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Mr. F: I like to watch documentaries
Mr. E: I see. And if we decide to hire you, when can you start?
Mr. F: Immediately.
37-20-31-7-36-26 Yourself PRON Used when the subject and object is “you”
49-4-31-4-33-11 Resume NOUN CV
7-33 24-6 11 MBA NOUN Master’s in Business Administration
23-10-36 Pool NOUN A bar game
27-4-40-37-33-48-28-22-5-31 Documentaries NOUN Cognate

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LESSON 26:
Past Perfect
Section A
Michelle: What about you Dave, had you watched it already?
Dave: No, I hadn’t, it was my first time, but I loved it, I want to watch it again.
Tom: Yes, the FX are amazing, I think it will win an award
Emma: I don’t think it was so good.

I have watched better movies.
Michelle: I agree with you.
Next time we choose the movie guys.
7-26 7-40-31 FX NOUN Special Effects
4-33-11-32-44 Amazing ADJ Incredible
P 4-38-20-27 Award NOUN Oscar, Nobel…

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42-10-31 Choose VERB Select
31-2-24-33-5-28 Submit VERB To send information or documents
4-23-36-5-40-11-41-48 Application NOUN Noun to apply
41-13 2-23 Show up VERB To attend a meeting previously agreed
4-49-12-25 Arrive VERB To get to destination
1-28 36-6-31-28 At least ADJ Opposite to the most, “minimum”
36-1-34-36-20-27 Landlord NOUN Who owns land or houses.
4-23-36-12 Apply VERB Verb to application
36-2-40-28 15-28 Lucked out VERB Had luck
28-17-34-31 15-28 Turns out VERB Results (Used to a series of events)

Exercise 26 .1
Answer the following questions. Pay attention to the auxiliary verb (have-has/had/did)
1. Had you taken an English class before?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. How long ago did you start studying at your school?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. For how long have you been living at your house?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Has Ford Motors opened assembly plants in Mexico?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. What did you have (eat) this morning?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Past perfect
Past perfect is a very simple structure to use, just be careful with the idea you want transmit.
Its three main uses are the following:
• For events that occurred before another past event.
E.g. I didn’t want to go to the movies with my friends because I had seen the film already.
SIMPLE PAST PAST PERFECT
I arrived very late at the party. All my friends had already gone home.
SIMPLE PAST PAST PERFECT
• When something happens for the very first time.
E.g. I had never come here!

I hadn’t seen the boss so angry in my life.
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• Third conditional.
E.g. If I had not learned English, I would have never met so many wonderful students.
ALTERNATIVE EVENT IMAGINED ALTERNATIVE RESULT
LESSON 26:
Past Perfect
Simple Present Simple Past Simple Future
I study English every day. Two years ago, I studied If you are having problems, I will
English in England. help you study English.
• Action in the present taking place • Action in the past taking place • Action in the future that cannot be
once, never or several times once, never or several times influenced
• Facts • Actions taking place one after • Spontaneous decision

another
• Actions taking place one after • Assumption with regard to the
another future
• Action set by a timetable or

schedule
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Present Continuous Past Continuous Future Continuous
I am studying English now. I was studying English when you I will be studying English when you
called yesterday. arrive tonight.
• Action taking place at the moment • Action going on at a certain time in • Action that is going on at a certain
of speaking the past time in the future
• Action arranged for the future • Actions taking place at the same • Action that is sure to happen in the
time near future
• Action in the past that is

interrupted by another action
Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect
I have studied English in several I had studied a little English before I will have studied every tense by the
different countries. I moved to the U.S. time I finish this course.
• Emphasis is on the result (not the • Action taking place before a certain • Action that will be finished at a
duration) time in the past certain time in the future
• Action that started in the past & is • Sometimes interchangeable with

still going on past perfect progressive
• Action that stopped recently • Putting emphasis only on the fact

(not the duration)
• Finished action that has an
influence on the present
Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Future Perfect Continuous
I have been studying English I had been studying English for five I will have been studying English for
for five years. years before I moved to the U.S. over two hours by the time you
arrive.
• Putting emphasis on the course or • Action taking place before a certain • Action taking place before a certain
duration (not the result) time in the past time in the future
• Action that recently stopped or is • Sometimes interchangeable with • Putting emphasis on the course of
still going on past perfect simple an action
• Putting emphasis on the duration

or course of an action
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LESSON 27:
Past Events
Section A
Tom: Hey Dave, how long ago did Emma and you start working together?
Dave: We started a year ago, but we had met already.
Tom: Really? Where did you guys meet?
Dave: We met at the campus three years ago.

And we became friends immediately.
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35-15 36-3-43 4-39-13 How long ago? EXP Question used to know the moment of an
event
40-1-33-23-4-31 Campus NOUN ITS’s campus is located on V. Carranza
24-5-40-11-33 Became VERB Transformation verb. Caterpillars become
butterflies
40-17-48-28 Current ADJ Previous, current, next.
38-17-40-23-26-11-31 Workplace NOUN Where you work

Exercise 27 .1
Answer the following questions with the help of your teacher.
E.g. How long ago did you finish school? I finished school four years ago.
1. How long ago did you enter to work to your current workplace?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. For how long have you been studying at ITS?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. How long ago did you start studying English?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. How long ago did you finish your career?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. How long ago did you obtain your first job?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. For how long have you studied at ITS?

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________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
LESSON 28:
Simple past – Past perfect – Present perfect
Section A
Dave: We didn’t see each other for a couple of years until we graduated.
Emma: What about you guys, how did you meet?
Michelle: I was working at a hospital when Tom came as an intern, we started a project together.
So we’ve been working together for a while.
Emma: When I first met you I thought you were a couple.

Tom: We’re not a couple but we are very good friends.
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4 40-2-23-50 A couple NOUN Two
2-34-28-5-36 Until CONJ Up to a point. I won’t marry until I am rich.
5-34-28-17-34 Intern NOUN A student who is practicing to be a Doctor.
26-20 4 38-12-36 For a while PHRASE For some time
24-5-39-1-34 Began VERB Started
23-22-26-20-33 Perform VERB Act, play, paint, dance… Used in arts.
49-2-34 5-34-28-10 Run into VERB To see someone unexpectedly

Exercise 28 .1
Answer the following questions with the right tense.
1. Charly _________________________________ (to be) working at the university for some years now,
but before working as a teacher he _________________________________ (to work) in a bakery, that
was his first job!
He has a beautiful wife and they _________________________________ (to be) married since 2016. He
_________________________________ (to become) a father the year after his wedding. He ____________
_____________________ (to meet) his wife while at college studying the same major.
When he _________________________________ (to study) at the university, he decided to study for
some time in Guadalajara, so he _________________________________ (to live) there for one year. He
decided to move to Guadalajara because he _________________________________ (to be) a couple
of times there and he really liked it. Today _________________________________ (to speak) English so
well because he enjoys talking to people. Before working at the university he ___________________
______________ (to work) in another school for two years, so he has some experience. He ________
_________________________ (to learn) to speak the language while he was living in the U.S when he
was a kid. He _________________________________ (to live) in that country for almost two years.
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LESSON 29:
Personal pronouns
Section A
Dave: Hey Tom, I need you to do me a favor.
Tom: Of course, what’s bugging you?
Dave: Look, I really want the girls to work with us.

I think they both are extremely efficient
Tom: I couldn’t agree more with you.

So, what’s the matter?
Dave: The thing is that Michelle has been unsure of joining us.
Tom: That’s too bad, I hope she makes the right decision.
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28-10 27-10 4 26-11-25-22 To do a favor VERB To help
38-1-28-31 24-2-39-44 14 What’s bugging you? EXP What’s bothering you?
4/7-40-31-28-49-6-33-36-6 Extremely ADV. Too
12 40-9-27-48-28 4-39-49-6 33-20 I couldn’t agree more EXP I agree 100% (I can’t agree 101%)
38-2-28-31 29-4 33-1-28-22 What’s the matter EXP What’s the problem?
2-34-41-22 Unsure ADJ Not sure
45-16-34-44 Joining VERB Putting together
35-13-23 Hope VERB Expect from heart

Exercise 29 .1
Fill in the blanks using the correct personal pronoun.
1. ___________________ is Emma, ___________________ lives in Portland and ___________________ been
studying Spanish for a year.
2. Tom is her boyfriend ___________________ both will travel to GDL to know the Mexican culture and to
practice their Spanish.
3. Tom loves Mexican food, so___________________ invited Emma to go to a nice restaurant there.
4. Emma however, wants to visit Mexico because___________________ has some relatives there and
___________________ are waiting for___________________
5. It was___________________ who organized the trip because her family got the plane tickets
for___________________.
Personal pronouns represent specific people or things. We use them depending on:
• Number: Singular (e.g.: I) or plural (e.g.: we)
• Person: 1st person (e.g.: I), 2nd person (e.g.: you) or 3rd person (e.g.: he)
• Gender: male (e.g.: he), female (e.g.: she) or neuter (e.g.: it)
• Case: subject (e.g.: we) or object (e.g.: us)
We use personal pronouns in place of the person or people that we are talking about.
My name is Joseph but when I am talking about myself I almost always use “I” or “me”, not “Joseph”.
When I am talking direct to you, I almost always use “you”, not your name. When I am talking about
another person, say John, I may start with “John” but then use “he” or “him”. And so on.
Here are the personal pronouns
Subject Object
I Me
You You
He Him
She VERB Her 67
It It
We Us
You You
They Them
LESSON 30:
Personal pronouns
We use he/him to refer to men, and she/her to refer to women. When we are not sure if we are
talking about a man or a woman we use they/them.
• This is Jack. He’s my brother. I don’t think you have met him.
• This is Angela. She’s my sister. Have you met her before?
• Talk to a friend. Ask them to help you.
• You could go to a doctor. They might help you.
Subject pronouns
We use subject pronouns as subject of the verb (Before the verb):
• I like your dress.
• You are late.
• He is my friend
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• It is raining
• She is on holiday
• We live in England.
• They come from London.
Object pronouns
We use object pronouns:
1. As the object of the verb (After the verb): 2. After prepositions:
• Can you help me please? • She is waiting for me.
• I can see you. • I’ll get it for you.
• She doesn’t like him. • Give it to him.
• I saw her in town today. • Why are you looking at her?
• We saw them in town yesterday, but they • Don’t take it from us.
didn’t see us.
• I’ll speak to them.
LESSON 30:
Role-play
Section A
Guy: Hello, Pharma-Labs may I help you?
John: Hi, this is John from I.E medical center. May I speak with Alex please?
Guy: He’s in a meeting right now. Would you like to leave a message?
John: Yes. Can you have him call me back when he is available? My name again is John, and he can
reach me at 555-987-6543.
Guy: It’s John at 555-987-6543. Can I tell him what this is regarding?
John: He sent over an e-mail, and I didn’t get the last page. I will need him to resend it to me.
Guy: I’ll let him know.
John: Thank you.
Guy: Thank you for calling Pharma-Labs.
John: Good bye.
Guy: Bye.
36-6-25 4 33-7-31-5-45 Leave a message VERB Cognate
40-8-36 24-1-40 Call back VERB Return a call
49-6-42 Reach VERB Contact
49-5-39-21-27-44 Regarding PREP About

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39-7-28 Get VERB Receive

www.sayit.com
36-7-28 35-5-33 34-13 Let him know VERB Tell him

LESSON 31:
Declarative Sentences
Section A
Tom: Well, if we really want her to work with Dave: Sounds like a plan!
us, we must convince her! In the meantime I will write down a
formal job proposal for her.
Dave: I guess you’re right. I will talk to her
again tomorrow. Tom: I have a reservation at 10:00 am for
breakfast, come along and I will help
Tom: Let’s invite her to have lunch; I think she you out.
is very fond of Chinese.
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40-4-34-25-5-34-31 Convince VERB Cognate
26-2-34-27 2-25 Fond of ADJ Having a liking for
31-15-34-27-31 36-12-40 4 23-36-1-34 Sounds like a plan EXP I am in, I like your idea
5-34 29-4 33-6-34-28-12-33 In the meantime PHRASE As we wait
49-12-28 27-15-34 Write down VERB Write, note
40-2-33 4-36-2-43 Come along VERB Come with…
35-7-36-23 14 15-28 Help you out VERB Help

Declarative Sentence
A declarative sentence states a fact or an argument and ends with a period. Declarative sentences
present complete ideas and they don’t need anything else to be complete.
Declarative sentences are by far the most common type of sentence.
Examples of Declarative Sentences
• There are five million people at risk.
• London is the capital of England.
• I am no wine expert, but I know what I like.
• She asked if I liked her dress.
Exercise 31 .1
Using the subjects and verbs provided create full declarative sentences. Share them with the
rest of the class upon finishing.
Subject Verb
My previous boss Will start
She Caught fire
The best employee of the company Bought
The Has
airport To be
The equipment at my office Quit

Some of the workers at the office To be
1.
2.
3.
4.
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5.
6.
7.
LESSON 32:
Section A
Tom: Hey Emma, drop whatever you are doing right
now and join us for lunch
Emma: Oh! It’s so sudden, but I am starving.

Count me in.
Tom: Great! Call Michelle and tell her to come along.
Emma: I will do so, what are you so excited about? Tell me.
Tom: Dave and I are going to make a formal proposal to
you two.
Emma: Say no more, I want to hear every detail over

coffee.
Tom: Don’t forget about Michelle!
Emma: I won’t, bye!

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27-49-3-23 31-2-33-30-44 Drop something VERB Stop doing something
31-4-27-48 Sudden ADJ Unexpected, out of the blue
40-15-34-28 33-6 5-34 Count me in VERB Include me in the plan
31-11 34-13 33-20 Say no more EXP I fully understand
13-25-22 40-3-26-6 Over coffee EXP Drinking coffee
27-17-28 Dirt NOUN Soil, where plants grow.
39-5-25 4-27-25-12-31 Give advice VERB Recommend
40-2-26 Cough VERB Bisolvon?

Imperative Sentences
Imperative sentences issue commands or requests or they can express a desire or wish. They are
punctuated with a simple period or they can be exclamations requiring an exclamation mark. It all
depends on the strength of emotion you want to express. Exclamatory sentences can consist of a single
verb or they can be more lengthy and complex.
Examples of Imperative Sentences:

• Jump!
• Stop eating sugary foods!
• Watch for oncoming traffic.
• Respond immediately.
• Please lower your voice.
• Meet me at the town square.
• Drop what you’re doing and come celebrate with us!
Make an imperative sentence for each of the following situations.
1. You are a teacher. Give some instructions to start a class.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. You are a father or a mother. Your son is going to practice karate for the first time. You are worried.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. You are a doctor. You have a patient with cough and fever. Give him some basic recommendations.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. You have a little brother. He’s eating dirt. What do you say?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. You had an accident. You are in bed and can’t move. You need some help
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. You have a sister. She’s going on vacation to the beach. Give some advice to her
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. It is cold and windy outside. You are going to go out. Your mother says 73
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
8. Your friends are going to go shopping. You want something. You say
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
LESSON 33:
Interrogative sentences
Section A
Dave: Where is Michelle?
Emma: She is still at the office; she will be here in no time.
Tom: Didn’t you tell her how important this is?
Emma: Yes I did, don’t worry, she won’t take long.
Dave: It’s all right. Why don’t we start by ordering some

food?
I will have to skip dinner so I need to have a good
meal.
Tom: What do you prefer to drink Emma?
Emma: I feel like having some lemonade. It’s really hot

outside today.
Dave: Waiter! A large lemonade jar please.

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5-34 34-13 28-12-33 In no time PHRASE In just little time
35-15 How CONJ Used to tell to what level
28-11-40 36-3-43 Take long VERB Take long (time)
31-40-5-23 Skip VERB To omit
33-6-36 Meal NOUN Breakfast, lunch, dinner...
12 26-6-36 36-12-40 I feel like VERB I want
36-21-45 Large ADJ Big
45-21 Jar NOUN Pitch (Kool aid’s mascot)

Make interrogative sentences using the right structure.
Formula for open questions: WH question/Auxiliary verb/Subject/Verb?
E.g. Where can you practice your English?
WH questions Auxiliary verb Subject Verb
How Can I Speak

(Level or manner) (Ability)
You Study
When May
(Time) (Permission) He Learn
Where Might She Work

(Place) (Probability)
Any name Visit
Who Could
(Person) (Past ability, possibility) Be
Why Would Have

(Reason) (Imaginary)
What
(Things and objects)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
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10.
Note: Questions in progressive forms (Are, am, is, was, were) need verbs that end in “ing”
Questions in perfect tenses (Have, has, had) need verbs in participle form.
LESSON 33:
Interrogative sentences
Interrogative Sentences
Interrogative sentences are also easy to spot. That’s because they always ask a question and end in a
question mark.
Examples of Interrogative Sentences:
• Is it snowing?
• Have you had breakfast?

• Do you want Coke or Pepsi?
• Who are you taking to the prom?
• You like Mexican food, don’t you?
Inversion in questions
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In an affirmative sentence, the verb goes after the subject. However, the auxiliary verb can go before the
subject of a clause in several different structures. This is called inversion. Inversion is quite common in
questions.
• He goes to work every day. (Affirmative)
• Does he go to work every day? (Question)
• They live in Bangkok. (Affirmative)

• Do they live in Bangkok? (Question)
• She is working at the moment. (Affirmative)
• Is she working at the moment? (Question)
• John and Mary have arrived. (Affirmative)
• Have John and Mary arrived? (Question)

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LESSON 34:
Subject and Object
Section A
Emma: I love this restaurant; I think it is amazing!
Tom: I told Dave this was the best option. I love this
place.
Dave: I hadn’t come before.

I had always thought it was more expensive.
Tom: I think Michelle should be here any minute.

It’s almost 2:30 pm.
Emma: Look there she comes!
Dave: And she’s coming with her sister.
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28-13-36-27 Told VERB Said to
30-3-28 Thought VERB Past tense of “think”
41-9-27 Should AUX Aux used to tell how things must be
7-34-6 33-5-34-5-28 Any minute ADV In any moment
8-36-33-13-28 Almost ADV Nearly
29-19 41-6 40-2-33-31 There she is EXP She has arrived
28-10 13-25-22-38-17-40 To overwork VERB To work excessively
28-38-12-31 1-21 35-21-27 Twice as hard ADJ 200% harder
13-25-22-34-12-28 Overnight ADV Immediately, magically
5-34 20-27-22 28-10 In order to PREP To

Categorize the underline words, whether ‘subject’ or ‘object’ within the sentences.
Tip: Identify the verb in order to make it easier.
2. Kia motors is one the best car manufacturers. ______________________
3. Studying creates more job opportunities. ______________________
4. I don’t know what to study yet. I think I like engineering though. ______________________
5. Fer is one of the most experienced teachers at ITS. ______________________
6. Working hard will always give great results. ______________________
7. I don’t like her attitude. I will put my foot down. ______________________

8. If you want something done right, you must do it yourself. ______________________
The Subject
The subject of a positive or negative statement is usually the first element of a sentence. The Subjects in
the following sentences are in bold:
• The tall, dark stranger was singing. (Phrase)
• She stood still.(Pronoun)
• To err is human. (Infinitive)
The Object
The object of a positive or negative statement is usually the first element of a sentence. The objects in
the following sentences are in bold:
Here are some more examples of both people and things as Objects:
• He loves football.
• The dog bit the postman.
• The police have arrested three people.
• Sally opened the door to the dining room.
• The company sacked one hundred of its employees.
• Fifteen children from the school choir will be singing African folk songs. 79
LESSON 35:
Subject Complement
Section A
David: Tom, today is the big day!
Tom: What are you talking about?
David: We will go and sign the contract to start

distribution.
Tom: You are right! This is probably the most important

day of our lives.
David: We have to plan strategies to make this work.
We are now the presidents of a new enterprise.
Tom: We are, aren’t we? I guess I hadn’t thought of that.
P
80
29-4 24-5-39 27-11 The big day NOUN The most important day
31-28-49-4-28-7-45-5-31 Strategies NOUN Plans
36-12-25-32 Lives NOUN Plural of “Life”
48-28-22-23-49-12-31 Enterprise NOUN Company
2-25 Of PREP About
45-2-45 Judge NOUN Legal representative of the state
39-49-6-28-44-31 Greetings NOUN “Hellos”
31-22-15-34-27-44-31 Surroundings NOUN Things around one
40-12-34-27 Kind ADJ Nice, educated
1-34-28 Aunt NOUN My dad’s or mom’s sister

Identify the subject complement or object within the sentences.
Tip: Identify the verb first in order to make it easier.
1. Saltillo is a growing city in the country. ______________________
2. ITS has thousands of students preparing to be the best of the best. _______________________
3. Fernando will become the quality control inspector. _______________________
4. Jorge enjoys riding his bike in town. _______________________
5. Charly is one of the most energetic people I’ve ever known. _______________________
6. The city gets hotter during summer. _______________________

7. Speaking English can change our lives. _______________________
A subject complement is the adjective, noun, or pronoun that follows a linking verb.
The following verbs are true linking verbs: any form of the verb be [am, is, are, was, were, has been,
are being, might have been, etc.], become, and seem. These true linking verbs are always linking
verbs.
We call it ‘subject complement’ because what comes before and after the verb refers to the same.
• This manual is the hardest one I have written so far. (Both refer to the manual)
• Joshua’s sister is the best student… on her chair. (Both refer to the sister)
• Miriam will one day become the HR Director at SAY it (Both refer to Miriam)
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LESSON 36:
Relative pronouns
Section A
Tom: I feel so excited about all this.
Dave: I can’t believe we are about to sign.
Tom: You are the one who should remain calm. I

normally get nervous easily.
Dave: Well, let’s focus in the important.

Tom: That is the building which was inaugurated by
the governor, isn’t it?
Dave: Yes it is, we are finally here.
Tom: Good luck to us.
P
82
7-40-31-12-28-47 Excited ADJ Motivated
35-10 Who RELATIVE PRONOUN Used to connect a second idea
(people)
49-5-33-11-34 Remain VERB Stay
40-3-(36)-33 Calm ADJ Relaxed
6-32-50-6 Easily ADV With no problems
26-13-40-4-31 Focus VERB Concentrate
38-5-42 Which RELATIVE PRONOUN Used to connect animals and things
5-34-4-38-37-49-11-28-47 Inaugurated VERB Opened
29-4 39-2-25-22-34-22 The Governor NOUN The “president” of the state.

Fill in the blanks according to the relative pronoun used in each line.
1. ___________________________________________ who ____________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________ which ____________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________ who ____________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________ who ____________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________ who ____________________________________________
6. ___________________________________________ which ____________________________________________
7. ___________________________________________ which ____________________________________________
8. ___________________________________________ whose ____________________________________________
9. ___________________________________________ who ____________________________________________
10. ___________________________________________ who ____________________________________________
Relative pronouns
Who Subject or object (informal) pronoun for people.
• They caught the lady who killed her baby. 

• I know the man who you met.
Which Subject or object pronoun.
• I read the book which is on the table. 

• I visited the town which you told me about.
Whom Used for object pronoun for people.

• The boy whom you told me about got the best grades in mathematics.
That Subject or object pronoun for people, animals and things.
• I like the vase that is over there.
Whose Used to relate possession between two things.
• Jp is the teacher whose task is to edit the videos (Jp’s task)

• Frank is the one whose task is to edit the manuals (Frank’s task) 83
LESSON 37:
Prepositional phrases
Section A
Tom: So, on what floor will we meet him? Tom: What else did it say on the e-mail.
Because I don’t remember where the
office is. Dave: It said we had to go to the door in front
of the elevator.
Dave: We will meet him on the last floor.
I received an e-mail on my computer at Tom: I see, let’s get to work!
the office
Dave: Here we go.
P
84
26-36-20 Floor NOUN Ground, where we stand
38-2-28 7-36-31 What else? EXP Is there more information?
23-21-40-28 Parked ADJ Placed (Used for cars)
28-12-23-44 Typing VERB Writing on a computer
27-5-31-36-12-40 Dislike VERB Don’t like
23-36-11-39-32 Plagues NOUN Infestations

Write down a phrase in order to give more details to the following sentences.
1. My car is parked _____________________________________.
2. I work _____________________________________.
3. I always take a shower _____________________________________.
4. I am typing this exercises _____________________________________ that I bought last year.
5. Selene is a great teacher _____________________________________.
6. Ilse lives very close _____________________________________.
7. I had never been to the house _____________________________________.

8. Learning English _____________________________________ is awesome!
9. I will buy a new car _____________________________________.
10. People dislike having plagues _____________________________________.
Prepositional phrases
A phrase is a group of words that do not contain a verb. In this lesson we will study prepositional
phrases. They are called prepositional phrases because they always start with a preposition (A
connector) such as:
• At • Inside
• On • Outside
• In • Behind
• Next to • In front of
• By • Above
• Within • Below
Phrases give more information about the noun, pronoun or verb we are speaking about. They normally
come after the word being described.
• I like to sleep on my bed (This one tells me where I sleep)

85
• I got a message on what’s app (This one tells me about the message)
• I always leave my phone on the coffee table next to my bed (two phrases in one!)
LESSON 38:
Job Interviews
Section A
Mrs. Jones: Good morning, I’m here for the Michelle: I’m afraid that won’t be necessary
accountant position You must fill out an application
here
Michelle: Yes, we were expecting you
Mrs. Jones: That’s ok miss, Thank you
Mrs. Jones: I brought my résumé
P
86
23-4-31-5-41-48 Position NOUN Job. Teacher position,
Receptionist position.
24-49-3-28 Brought VERB Past tense of ‘bring’
49-4-31-4/9-33-11 Resume/Résumé NOUN CV.
12-33 4-26-49-11-27 I’m afraid EXP Expression used to give bad news.
26-5-36 15-28 Fill out VERB Write down your information.
4-23-36-5-40-11-41-48 Application NOUN Included on the next page)

Employment Application
Applicant Informatio
Full Name: _______________________________________________________________________________ Date:__________________________

Last First M.I.
Address: _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________

Street Address Apartment/Unit #
_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________
City State ZIP Code
Phone: ____________________________________________ Email
Date Available: __________________ Social Security No.: _____________________ Desired Salary: $ _____________
Position Applied for: _______________________________________________________________________________________________
Are you a citizen of the United States? YES NO
If no, are you authorized to work in the U.S.? YES NO
Have you ever worked for this company? YES NO
If yes, when? _______________________________________________________________________________________________
Have you ever been convicted of a felony? YES NO
If yes, explain: _______________________________________________________________________________________________
Education
High School: ___________________________________________________________ Address: ________________________________________

From: ________________ To: ________________ Did you graduate? YES NO Diploma: _____________________
College: ____________________________________________________ Address: ___________________________________________________
From: ________________ To: ________________ Did you graduate? YES NO Degree: _______________________
87
Other: ______________________________________________________ Address: ___________________________________________________

From: ________________ To: ________________ Did you graduate? YES NO Degree: _______________________
References
Please list three professional references.
Full Name: _____________________________________________________________ Relationship: ___________________________________
Company: ______________________________________________________________ Phone: _________________________________________
Address: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Company: ______________________________________________________________ Phone: _________________________________________
Address: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

P
88
Company: ______________________________________________________________ Phone: _________________________________________
Address: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Previous Employment
Company: ______________________________________________________________ Phone: _________________________________________
Address: _______________________________________________________________ Supervisor: _____________________________________
Job Title: ____________________________ Starting Salary: $________________ Ending Salary: $ _________________________________
Responsibilities: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
From:_______________________________ To: _______________________________ Reason for Leaving:___________________________
May we contact your previous supervisor for a reference? YES NO

Previous Employment
Company: ______________________________________________________________ Phone: _________________________________________
Address: _______________________________________________________________ Supervisor: _____________________________________
Job Title: ____________________________ Starting Salary: $________________ Ending Salary: $ _________________________________
Responsibilities: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
From:_______________________________ To: _______________________________ Reason for Leaving:___________________________
May we contact your previous supervisor for a reference? YES NO
Military Service
Branch: __________________________________ From: ___________________________________ To: _________________________________
Rank at Discharge: ___________________________________________ Type of Discharge: ________________________________________
If other than honorable, explain: _________________________________________________________________________________________
Disclaimer and Signature
I certify that my answers are true and complete to the best of my knowledge.
If this application leads to employment, I understand that false or misleading information in my application or interview
may result in my release.
Signature: _____________________________________________________________ Date: ___________________________________________
89
LESSON 39:
Job Interviews
Section A
Michelle: Well Mrs. Jones, we’re looking for Michelle: And what brought you here?
someone with previous experience in
pharmaceutical Mrs. Jones: I moved here looking for better
opportunities
Mrs. Jones: Oh yes, I have worked for several
hospitals in some other cities Michelle: You might be the right one
P
90
23-49-5-25-37-4-31 4-40-31-23-18-48-31 Previous experience NOUN Experience from jobs of the
past.
31-7-25-22-50 Several ADJ Many
38-1-8 24-49-3-28 14 35-18 What brought you here? EXP Why are you here?
29-4 49-12-28 38-2-34 The right one NOUN The person I need.
LESSON 40:
Job Interviews
Section A
Michelle: Well Mrs. Jones Michelle: We recently got the concession of a
Why would you like to work with us? well-known company
Mrs. Jones: To be honest, I don’t know much Mrs. Jones: What is your trade?
about your company
I just saw the ad online Michelle: We’re introducing pharmaceutical
products to America
28-10 24-6 3-34-7-31-28 To be honest EXP Honestly.
38-7-36 34-13-34) Well-known ADJ Famous. Respected
28-49-11-27 Trade NOUN Area of business.
5-34-28-49-4-27-9-31-44 Introducing VERB Starting to sell

91
26-21-33-4-31-14-28-5-40-50
23-49-4-27-2-40-28-31 Pharmaceutical products NOUN Medicine

LESSON 41:
Job Interviews
Section B
Michelle: Tell me about yourself
Mrs. Jones: I’m a highly responsible person and I’m used to

work under pressure
Michelle: That’s exactly what we’re looking for

Welcome aboard!
Mrs. Jones: When can I start?
P
92
28-7-36 33-6 4-24-15-28 36-20-31-7-36-26 Tell me about yourself EXP
35-12-36-6 49-5-31-23-4-34-31-4-24-50 Highly responsible ADV-ADJ Very responsible
12-33 14-31-28 I’m used to EXP It’s normal to me.
2-34-27-22 23-49-7-41-22 Under pressure ADV PHRASE With stress.
29-1-28-31 7-40-31-1-40-28-36-6 38-2-28 That’s exactly what EXP Coffee is exactly what I need.
38-7-36-40-2-33 4-24-20-27 Welcome aboard! EXP Welcome to the team.

LESSON 42:
Job Interviews
Section A
Mrs. Jones: What are the benefits that you offer?
Michelle: You will get Medical, Dental and Life Insurance
Mrs. Jones: Will those cover my family?
Michelle: Absolutely, we care for our workers
24-7-34-4-26-5-28-31 Benefits NOUN Cognate.
5-34-41-22-48-31 Insurance NOUN Protection. GNP, IMSS, etc.
29-13-31 Those PRONOUN Plural pronoun of ‘that’
40-2-25-22 Cover VERB Protect

93
1-24-31-4-36-9-28-36-6. Absolutely ADV Of course

38-6 40-19 26-20 We care for VERB We think in. We want the best for
LESSON 43:
Job Interviews
Section A
Mrs. Jones: And what about salary?
Michelle: We offer starting $5,000 monthly
Mrs. Jones: How’s the schedule?
Michelle: You’ll work Monday-Friday from 9:00 to 5:00 p.m.
P
94
31-28-21-28-44 Starting ADJ Initial
33-2-34-30-36-6 Monthly ADJ Every month
31-40-7-45-50 Schedule NOUN Time one works or studies

95
LESSON 44:
Interview Vocabulary I
Exercise 44 .1
Provide an example with each of the words in the vocabulary.
Interview:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Interviewee:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Interviewer:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Resume:
P
96
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Meeting Room:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Schedule:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Application:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Unsuccessful:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hired
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Role play
97
LESSON 45:
Interview Vocabulary II
Exercise 45 .1
Salary Expectations:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Productive:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Team Player:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sick Leave:
P
98
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Vacations / Holidays:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Colleagues:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Career History:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Education:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Skills:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Role play
99
LESSON 46:
Interview Vocabulary III
Exercise 46 .1
Relocation:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
References:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Doubts:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Career Goals:
100
P
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Successes:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Failures:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Committed:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Starting Date:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Manager:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Previous Job:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Current Job:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Redundant:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Current Location:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Role play
101
LESSON 47:
Auxiliary verbs
Auxiliary verbs are essential to use perfect English. Some languages include variations in form for the verbs
and these change the intention of the sentence. However, English is very limited in this area and needs
modals or auxiliary verbs to “compensate”.
The following list includes the most common auxiliary verbs in language. The lines added are for you to
take notes. Write down an example so you don’t forget their function later on.
Do:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Does:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Did:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Has:
102
P
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Have:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Had:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Is:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Am:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Are:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Was:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Were:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
May:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Must:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Might:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Should:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Could:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Would:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Shall (Archaic):
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Will:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 103
Can:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
LESSON 48:
Auxiliary verbs
Use what was learnt to create meaningful sentences. Use all auxiliary verbs.
1. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
8. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
9. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
10. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
104
P 11. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
12. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
13. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
14. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
15. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
16. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
17. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
18. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
19. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
20. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
21. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
22. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
23. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
24. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
25. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Review
LESSON 48:
105
LESSON 49:
Evaluation part I
106
P
LESSON 50:
Evaluation part II
107
Febrero 2019

LEVEL 3c Cambio A 4

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LEVEL 4

Lesson Name Page

2: Usages of the verb to be in present 04

19: Second conditional sentences 42

40: Job Interviews 91 Diseño

Aa (11) Bb (24-6) Cc (31-6) Dd (27-6)

Alphabet Vowel Sounds

A (11) /ei/ - Bait, make, lame, raid, tame.

If there are two vowel letters in a one-syllable word:

1. The first vowel is pronounced with its alphabet vowel sound.

2. The second vowel letter is silent.

Say the following words

A (1) - /æ/ Lap, fat, math.

The “One-Vowel Trend for Relative Vowel Sounds”

What are you? I’m a Doctor.

How old are you? I’m 30 years old.

Where are you from? I am from Chicago.

Where are you working? I’m working at a hospital.

7-34-6-33-20 Anymore ADV No more.

49-1-29-22 Rather ADV Very (Negative context)

E.g. Where is the teacher from? He is from France.

Where are you from?

What are you?

How old is your teacher?

Who is your favorite artist?

E.g. Marianne is memorizing her speech at this moment.

1. He at home right now. (To work)

2. They their next vacation.(To plan)

3. I for my exams. (To study)

5. Dr. Smith to Los Angeles. (To go)

6. The secretary a phone call. (To take)

7. The new employees training. (To take)

2. Affordable (Not expensive)

10. Safe (Good security)

E.g. The office is near.

E.g. You have a fantastic car.

You have a fantastic it. (car)

• Age: He is 30 years old. Note: “He is 30” is also a correct sentence.

• Origin: He is from Lyon. Note: The preposition “from” is obligatory for

Emma: Yes, we all are ready.

Tom: Great, here we are!

Michelle: This place is incredible.

49-7-27-6 Ready ADJ Prepared

26-36-1-39 Flag NOUN

4-24-15-28 About ADV Around, approximately.

4-24-15-28 Globe NOUN World, Planet.

31-7-25-22-50 Several ADJ Some, many (somewhere in the middle).

35-18 38-6 21 Here we are We arrived.

How many teachers are there? There is one teacher.

E.g. How much air is there in a tire?

How many people are there at your office?

1. cars are there at home?

2. visitors are there at the hospital at this moment?

4. water is there in the coffee maker?

5. people are there in the school?

Tom: Are you ready for breakfast?

Emma: Of course we are.

Michelle: I would like some eggs with bacon.

Waitress: I’m sorry,we are out of bacon.

Michelle: Yes, I would love that, thanks.

Emma: Yes, I really love coffee.

15-28 2-25 Out of ADJ Without.

5-34-31-28-7-27 Instead ADV In substitution.