NAME & SURNAME : ANDISWA TOTO

STUDENT NUMBER : 202126287

COURSE CODE : PAC 315
TASK : ASSIGNMENT 2
DUE DATE : 31 MARCH 2023
SHELL SOUTH AFRICA OIL AND GAS REFINERY (SAPREF)

Shell oil refinery is an integrated energy company with expertise in the exploration,
production, refining and marketing of oil and natural gas ,and the manufacturing and
marketing of chemicals. This refinery uses advanced technology and take an innovative
approach to help build a sustainable energy future. They invest from renewable sources such
as wind and solar usually in power. It focuses on finding the ways of commercial to meet the
evolving energy needs to the environment. Their organisation manages the exploration for
and extraction of crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids. It also operates the
infrastructure necessary to deliver them to market. The integrated gas organisation manages
the liquified natural gas (LNG)activities and the production of gas to liquids (GTL)fuels and
other products. This oil refinery is located in Durban.

Process Technologies for Oil to Chemicals:

It is leveraging refinery petrochemical integration to increase operational and economic

gains. By using refinery technology in petrochemical operations allows for the optimization
of catalyst processing and energy savings due to the feedback cycle. Petrochemicals facilities
can transform gas and liquid hydrocarbons to a wider range of petrochemical products.

THE MAJOR PROCESSES THAT TAKE PLACE IN SHELL OIL

REFINERY(SAPREF):

Crude oil processing technologies: it is dealing with the bottom of the barrel. The catalyst is
the key in their effective use.

Gasification Technology: in this process they monetise refinery asphaltenes, residues and
heavy oils by converting them into syngas with their residue and natural gas Gasification
process which upgrades the bottom of the barrel and other low value streams into synthesis
gas, for power generation, refinery consumption or use in other high value processes.
Hydrotreating technology: to address the challenges the advanced technology, high
performance catalyst systems, and efficient reactor are being combined by hydrotreating
process. This helps refiners to rise clean fuels challenges in their businesses.
Hydrocracking technology: it provides commercial benefits for refineries including
improvements in product yield, enhanced turnaround times and unity stability.
Catalytic Dewaxing: catalytic processes maximise group yield II and group yield III base
oils. This is used in base oil production to reduce cold flow properties while maximising yield
by isomerising straight chain paraffins.
Fluidised Catalytic Cracking: extensive R&D programs, and process expertise provide an
industry leading return on investment to their clients.
Residue Upgrading: it assists refineries through the energy transition with flexible solutions
like residue hydrocracking and upgrading.
Crude Oil to Chemicals: integrate petrochemicals technology with refinery catalysts to
create major opportunities for costs savings and facility efficiency.