pMeatin033 Wels Communicatron Tn FOAMAKON > Prcbabuity Information > ile probability oy event T= Ia +Ts os of Pa Tene ets Ts ad Ps T-+¢p 2 log (pacbabiltty Of avant). BS log (pa: ps) sbase ofthe tag depends upon 210g PA -logps our Chote. ~W Ly sey shfoamation of an event: & Random Variable : : werolas model ae, 3 VHF and SuF LO83bH2 s3dAne HOR — probabsuty $PAXs pquourabls wo wuts plarhp | aystenoss plopagatron ‘ tae . choranuses anda rudarnvelt} Disurete_event: * gma muguend mend 82° Pesiekere vi) {ar Ar. As Axy 2% 2. transmissvod duptanua z, a {ow vane arash enough 2 not oe jected by cath euvarurc - 2 pivogpt 2HOD b Enbopy + > Take two RV X44: Vee ny x 3 wee LLL AFL LL OLE LOA A l y. cern| Toad) = #0d- HUxiy)- xv Grate is maximised by maximising Tox) = HY) - HAO TUX) with Hesped to Px- by max Tht) 2 capauty # Random paouss- 7 ——= \ . : F * signal: functions vaay tng with t time. Spa ete. ! (i) Even lodd 1 diy DeeEmifestic |Randomn 3 Samp. port mapped > signal \ ui) Enongy [Pow cw). Read! Tog inary: { QD. Contin . disnete | Wiy. Powodre, Aputode whtch ts a func of ume- > Eath of the signal ® callud 5am pu path. 5 The couuctton of al sample paths’ > Rattonak! Taxattonat ® caltd a Handom pancess/ aandom | Ceentinuous | non- continue cus)" Stgnal=? ! i2 FT (putoduc) adisutete Xlb.g vRandom press: Mee oe pe es we Bee : ee ee Xi) Random yoxtabl: © | | q 4 Random pious can wn ABN x les) be defined ar a wiecion \ oF Handomn, Vaxtabus .” : DALLA xltysa)- ~patiibuiioo fusion . ; a Wasa, ; 7 i sd tie) Xa (to) Leis Sesct Peres Fala! (3-0 4 X874 8) 00 2 4x 3 density qfundton « Jwede sense station ary [I* odo and2rd 4 stuttt_ sense stationary 29 vw statronan 9 chee + : = 9 une avira ges 2 statiotical average udtolnanc: wInsttad of multspl Hesston ee tON iF wigodic emake Neurdsan cal (ons. pEagodse Papurs? Exam pu meatan : we can consrdu one Hee!wr Dugy Of a stgnar: —¢ 32m pulse-usfurcte Ny ws » E: 2 envagy- » J loupfat » h w P= um Lf imide 7 T2 0 “lM 7 for Kandom prods ,we tole ECKL) uo to find out @ hmnnnen 2? rs check baste paoputiv of four tran sfoum “4° 2 Low farguiney , dranndl attenuation t's More - > baseband basend pass- mt) ——> Xt) ICED ALA, = | = ALA, = XLb roust be weal « thetaansmitted =a _ Signal - i oa Tn farquines senses s 2 mcg) # fSU-4O +t 40] FM» non: linear modulation - > ro ety[2easamget) > OO SE. a> linea modwaton + a a2 Low pass_nepesentation of band pass signal: 3 eonjugate symroetsy = xy)! aly 2xeals even: about fe o andnet 2 / pliesgn Uta). ¢ : Fefc - S As, ; fe dea te 448 2 what dow negative ALQULNY St "0 Band pass >Lowpass + fos lanedu ing hasdoare ? 4 gut. compuxtty at weet and easy vomput atin» muletply the stgnall xp) with Cidsinesgn 1). To gx dow pass equivalant ; xupCirsgn P1¥ 84-4) a a 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 nDf =X (f4fo)4 Sgn bfx ut °O . / Held: = xipePmit yatwepntc — - © mal sgral al a > 1 Htlbut tansfoury Tt KU) = pai -)sqnf xtp)- GLE) = cos2Tfet: 3 Alte snangct-2 hilbod tans} our of osanfet O93 eM [aw ja? Analyte signal > chen Real Analysis I Cats 39 sen Be - RU) = aU)» Lou pass equivalint OF a band pass signal. sjanget refxwer pray, — %Klt)o low pass ale) +f ZU) = Re Axlt)+j RUJ- Re Ande : : is i: signal «iO Pecomse isle) =]ULDI - “an Corn px envel pe representation - Ntawon - wld: FU vosamyees Seat) sin anfct > Quadnakuse Vcprese wap! 2 Imept | A, a tf» | Ass ; 4 + hh: nl) anovse- Channa > (nkLoduuwd AN [zrefna) S810 amprtuds and phase mlt) 1 x aeee cit) change at parquendy 2 pity whee +14) Ltr system Me telansmottted (pan torn) Sypot In duqrtoh jermmuntcatton, HL) SLE) a= xlO+ nlt)- In wiewrs com muntcation: tos 26%) > Repuciion 7 Attenuateen > Absorption cid 2 ee, ? pejecuned n a Mem RAPPERS NAAR FOKKER ER RR RRR eR me os aanasp bLt)= Say det). mb depends pm cath path €roulsepe path) function. ® ) wads wo multiple impulse pk We wil dw cuss : . - Ct c ip pioked- = D- Path Loss Alien vadie ° ° loag? aignot io bios 2). Shadowrhg » >» Fading 4>Path loss “Pissipateon of the power B yelollaca? : uioawaked by the teas mitt "anus > 7 << as by ajpeua of the propagate or channe. >. | 3 The path less prod assumes that a parpioss & constant JO* ogy an tuansmet DD ytt)= Chex (HP vecitue cuskan 3 9 : . 3 Shadow caused 4 obstawus > he 2 of dit ei) hauion 1 rut ‘and wiuLu4K =, apes) that aktenate augnat trough absorpur -- 5 Path toss (Haaratren SS, te Log aca propagation ae Mshadowing | (absoaptton) - . P pase ' g oe Fading (1 (x! aie wep acticr aang =m 1 % so of o spp, Pipe = Fu spau em . pothiess gue ‘ath 1085: Lot = . The s¢gnal qm current . a cueti and amal ouaent gh oh bs distant added v3 Madvabion dastaine parton supe past tticn ; 2 dow or chonge witha: principle. , qn Freadsal onstasec fe : = towse f yerreee jnaec L® * ea : Bes bout. [ z | UTIZ0c* eg ae Am plein dic) | oestion aes pid Tyduvt on l “ped yin fou eed »- ) This dominate a ) Poirot aie Eepe copiers iia’ F Ot + Path » no vbstaucttor betwetn the transmine’ Ae "" ty + Ry ie Prot oa, Friis foarnula - oO: (uta)? > ation atvon PR at ated ae marlon BP BP og Re tECHeIPMEH aye Rel Re Top rmrel™ to) lou pass 4 _jalet er ante et a) it ie (ee petele ST fog 9 check with someone - > Pa dBm = PraBm sloleg thn a2olog>- 2019 utta. * «OD Oe de i aa b,d,.d0 WTR. 4 goal} « ult) 2 Re relon2o23 a s| Zonde ool t 2 Re 1% RL Te gus diz, (Cte? +d? . aol = M(nezha? +d® he : oo {N Zo- de = Vint: aya ' Ti 2 2 5 hae Hjomet aire}. zo) goer ele Th) 2TH Te. jemict wae te Ti) e (EE, Us fosans]” afd some Seal7 Pra = Pa “7G a” iN @ Gust G tos WLS ai pp Shadowtng ‘ w=. PRIdE)= Pe (AB) 3 1olog G4 GRF-2olog 4 420199% 4 ‘tap, a 2 Shadowihg 3 bastcally absoaptton @ 9) depends Upon size o} the objed = > dupends upon the motu ab of the objeut- >» noduae of makowat cannot be 7 modeled «x the “tae rust = be a random vantable- 24 ™~ + modelled as trausscan > unt >, Fo. g ga Handom Vaxtabl. A damit theoaum “canta butter) Bit given vamaner . then the hég best entaopy — [aps constant penta when tt & Graussian: -aporsson —@> Max HX): eo it == SS « Ai Sid esense Stationary * Sr constants: Lagrange opttmisaion > wide semse Stationary “ | Ray (Enda) «Re ld) 2auroenlation en | Semiip-s | ‘ sevond cada : 2 : stationary 2. yf cast Tay ee RE aris .. Pim ! fic? joust density 9uh BE a | RT NS es = 1 papn= | —_ a? Yap - lolope tin. transfoamation of Random variablouse Tavobian : mo : BB boussvan P A ‘i al mcived Power ts lessu. than the minimum BO ck CoA oULage Powe and paobability 4580 a pe ud oukage probability « pow of AUPRAN ee fen cated wath ct os 2 3 = Che dlp nl > BP 4 ye P(frB)O tba! Punen pelluung oF = white Note: 97 PTO 7 5 2 2 2f xt) eee CAS moving: *Systern us wme vatant- The Bandpass signal; y= fair 2 Sot u(t zelt)) , The Low pass Hepusentaiton: filo = Re [ Za keewe ee arp og u gia e Ort) “Felt THC) of? Me AO 3te Bile), jamete : Nocar: Time wivartant Sw : . yo « Bailes) eee 3 ‘2 TitT 7s + “e weet > componenis comeng at : at the Same time ane Called Non- resolvable Lomponents 2 Non- wolvabl ay tat 7 Ot V2- pA ale TD 272. a-a? 2 ble OTST NOM aeolva Theis alo wruy4 robot 4< 2 also- wteafeueny - \ Resovabue : Ts Fi PTE Non" 1 Tie Tg de Vr, oN Bwlaings [G-T KT 0) i flaca deca Silk me aa ae L a Bs bsignal Banduadth Mle conasinu Ban dusidth Bs << Be bsigna Bandusidth mud Uss > Naor band yxy vvr7999083%7 ~ yles 4 ae gle meP IM ~ 2 a glt-r)? tt > but epee pypuetes > cjonfe Te eee Ee wo ger A 2 * > any nando prowissiante © modeled g as gaussian’ us ental bonr tome teoum- N% 3 »b cornplex Gaussian RV" . ce Q dotuuucve 5 Fading: couseda aa to multipath 67 vonstanuitve’ 09) additeon > thes phenom enon Bs caUed fading Mou positon b vaxcation of signal “shaing = yey Chas art ot) G 3 Nauowband Fading wMuuttpath) - : Sage 5 RU S “2 xt UE TIS este Zo ence ar eget) fair? > aalt) () by Trnpulse funuton (waurowband Time invatant) Slo 5U we chen 2h iAoe £5 nN ., ai jr hea. [ gece P| steay Su Nawiouw band ,au auays ae abnost same - Bq) yap my oe se XP ; > Puquanyy flat fading . Range of farquenty foavolth the gain tHypl Of the channd u fiat o4 constant & L Calud Cohinenu Bandunath - ef > frequen ‘eascttve zitty ed Het) - O° fading « bas ofnow just talung one path - i+ © gels cl) lee deed veld cett) = Te-wee | FEMS | dclt)= dt- VERE” Eos » i | @3 = ofelt) Klt- Zits) edmtelt- Tie aly ok Abe wetty) ete JATE > Doppler Yb Now ‘for mulpath | HLED= & ofelt) AleTiW) fi xf hk ) tt)- anfeti 6274 gz. za) . eden gpa ~ wit) : h= "2 ail) es an © tata ts cbume vary rig dhannel trnpulse. xesponse depends upon time:4 ? 4 }-- — Ge hi 7 J Np i probable - BQ low magnitude channd y° “en apa ato of duvonity - U 3 intaoduu anoth» Po 5 new prsbabt ity Pp eons dows not VOY that fast epuete a) A hange sca fading Anes vances napidly assum 6d wpbe uonstant- uth tere Qernali scale fading (t-t') oreo) He) > fine. 6 = hrtjhe ZS rope {heh ey . i cos2tita- ho swnamigee - PIPPI PSY be > > a ent 1 op jet a ECyt4 : Wt eAT a Elyogurd 7 wis Gel? afer 3 Re nai m mos ledeo: pit) and «lb Pnaiele Rancabl. % 7 Lt) and ©! axe UNLO. . loon 7 a? ECys © E(hx): En EL) - ovat anfr halzitsinamye yttd= gltD herp- rset ue t)= fi ye) ner) Bak Qf). UNaon 2 bert) = hr (Trt) vos. fee gorsin Patt, yubd= (nile) wsatptthe Wy) eunang it) XLEZ) 2 [Baccos onit)] iasanpet- wa [ ZofeStA GD tofsinan4 ra ltt) = Soi cos bn (t) tomer] ylest)- Bon vos [ pnltte!) +24 eve) } 9 do eel} g VHVIVID DDDG3 123 a Nu) . a . F(tet) = Bottle) St-zito) eH ou ve! ~ Nit) ; com pe hltt): dit-Z) & kilt) eM fett opm ft 2) , vary faatly changing A iv 4 = fl Di sxe e ite janet edn 2 Ba oto Keo iy compux Gaussvan r ; : cart pet hiten: ReLbudemtes Bold= Ae THAT wat F = hq te 2) wsamgck - halides c[Fntt2-7) hr et ot, ZI) fig Ltt) = Sekt vospol) freltst)= Sati std Bn C- Efex casfen foci sor tt) xj cosl2T4T 274) terotdy] ee wyirfins order 5 ongfit+ amet angi +t) suosanfe ot ts) % « ELE Savailios omar | sampre-aTigy (Hon ] con pets THER 27145 Lt+ot) pros (2tFfe (7 Fi) soe>tosam pide = EL Br (ti) bs H+ Ot a. 3 Assum pitons: Pole) eamfer <20fct r napealy vary OQ 4 thy dow not vany that mud becaude ik vortes on _ the spud of the verde: cet 2¥ , E Lbs, 1) haltotr)} = el Sai2sin rfc) a D> De b (Wise ee t _ » é[ bun) ple eed) wu iN an gel fuos204| cosa TTfet # garni] sin Tift - wv nw Fath ef UttOr caus» squas attenualt on hen S a P ee) ‘ a fe-weusee 2 wet 7 e ae : dt? P Cie ow ne e240 S N . ey .if2 jomt-veens6) a 2ne 5 a a2 * 2: % gg «vos amos yraside?®)) a 4am ts x a aT a =z [ae ps zm Ot vi (ose ) > Bessel function a 4m » quo wslatron function a Jotx) = zt ‘rte ee 2 7 signal unwnda 2 an sui (27 BE vi ema « o - ted: Bn i R bwe ih tonstd& the tos Ams - ; 4 Tang oe t4anstoum of ACF! 2 "é gjamtoe “jambs vewose a. Je a Genes AB dat ee yes oo a ; Ac(ot) - e, 27 wor = 27 bt (Pave y | fed “ cose) Do- dotae 3 findout . > complex expon ential unt egaabdalta. * wedtband channe : ._ aateeee ; Rltet) = 2 ott Sle-Zi) TPMT SIA > re a TrdAday thesystem un oda erest te E> ame of Obsuvatton- | Jrmoe Tac = Hee) 4 WSS pAdUse - Effin fy croey-actl frp. 03 -O +Assumptton* Zea Sl Ti-22) = SIT) =5 (TD - O- office. set™* acl hit eac™ a7] aM pres 279727 gz, AT. 3 cosrdatton betwen Tiand T2-0- Bf felh (Bt) h(z,trot) Je 24T! 6 J2M2 gti dtr a Jf De (tte, 0b) & June puloked stattuing- * ff Ac (eawey Tit, persia tay errrh™ Autoromuta wor at RE-O eh? 4 t, dt. = | pele ot) oP MFT ej? ™PTAt gues pow: > fact pave) oF TF at: =Ac lof 08): => Ac (Dy bED=° bt \ eerie. nasa linge. fiefer Te a tandom signal: dit: t) >7™m- 9 Big ra @. AclT, Ste) =O b cohusnu Bandwidth?)‘je ee W). Given that his compux Grausstan Ru such that b+ ha+j ha, wha oo bre Nl0,62) and haw trios?) se Rayloas ‘ay (ugh - = fina density functspn of Ih} 2 tuans out to be Raya ». In??2 exponential: ~> ignmut : : wDGentate a untfoum Man a using any vabuitt fun ctiton- ee Buse thes genuated sandom vastabl. -foa devileping By goussine Handow vatabl. dom vautablu from Suatch usithouk ox ginbabeng te arable - => using unifoum Handom vautable we can gunwate any Hwandom vi oe, % wuidlsd Channa : oor s pict) = 2p occtte) Pott) Slz-Te) (3 an Poli). onfezt~ freiat- 2N4Te -an fit we ; verfas y: ACW e ki Tele Ti NWEN x : Bo hiet)= gave Grit) S220) 4 Com pux Grausstan pours mag nitude ‘will be Rayluigh - psd Y) «_ A VO Hfe- peaks orfi-fe and frtfe 9 dopplu effec: tnSttado}fe- 2 Pp » > » » » » »Nn ¥FOA a channd with vossand uncoalated satturin, "het: gare) gro-ri) ® E[htgeyrt( ta t400)]-hef ti te. ,a0)817;5) UTE =Ac(t, Ot) Le (1, bt20)=0 | tonsptcay pathas visighiicant- fox TPP Some Tm | 3 r ry au U2 Pathd faa bss power auto with it fhe (Ta B40"? pot cgniptant path a | Maxtmum vault of day, is cals delay spuad: fou which the pou ia Significant: pow dulavy peopel rnulepat P [ies t uatenstty porte im: T?7Tm- Aclt DEO)=°° | pine | Acted) ae jhe (c,pe0) at” hes 2 | (tpn) Ae (2.0) ns dulay eo sped J Acltbt=?).- ‘ad aot CIPO) git- Ti) - » time aula Hep usentatcon of ch Hlfrt) = J hizae Jat anne again Gausstan + plast class * YE [ep t) Ht A108] ALP at) = shel Of ose) 7° have 5 paquiney frandi uncorrelated fading - ~ AclT, ate) FT Ac Cfa-fi Bt): ox cohuanae Bandwidth wemake Ac Ya-t 10b)-0 <3 Bez VTm - =i) Te De YpeBe. psb{uem auto osselation functton - : cease s(t?) - fre teseaye rm Mao d ct also called scatt ving fauor.\ pr c Slah-A) = [heloror) e p2TP Ot 19 dot: » Pe cata dopple, 1 Psb a a single paequany lope. P) =SGpanfi ® Lpecause of the time varytig nature Of the - channel, thue & adeppla Spuad obauved - SCf2-fi pPzo @ fox 278d 2 Bp & calla dopplu apuiadS(bf20- Po 2, Ac(op-0.t)=0 p>Bp. pt one signals become uncoated A}tu the Mentyoned teme- 2 talud the whusnu wme- o 9 peopuly o the channw chang. acgnaficanty aptU whbanu. time - a Te fox Tey Channd & Lonstant | yam sao: come pilale oxpal 2) By Sunaing known %- “4g impulse oF hen. ' zestemate h. | use tht te ectemate unknown %- | \ when Be ts bess 9 Fang ueney fading. Te ws less9 fast fading: § > |S) posschle = 3 aA naam PAP PPP PPP PPR APPA RALAARAAAAAARARANS— 2)2)25 ‘ » J) a Time - dua y Hepes entatron 7: i net) al ( wm DT): S iWave ee eit site Tet). cof @. _ g a Gaussian B20 Random prcuss: elem ate { stews = tile Te chong : 2. ET wat (2) fc (2 dt)- 4 Std Fre FT wat ot Dy S(T.P, wp HLF A) auy fic, (D4 Dt) z a +o => FI(ot) Fw = SCbF-PD- OAc (oy, O60) i) Mange of Sacquan cy evn whch the signals ve unwadated - os 9 Cohuane Bandwidth =) Be Ba swhue Tm ts aday spud: ~ —_> = Tes Cohuenu Teme» Actaj/Ot) fos Df=?* $4 = Bt7Te asignals ane ancosgated : se Text aa Bp =” When nolos path, the wom pax Gaussian pab path rtan wt be Z2u0° : aes o. 4 NLos = unvally happins urban Sunaswo : BB hen (0-67) we (IhlaR b e Rays - yg > LOS 2 2 he O( M64) @ Inia Rew doteibution you the daub ; 9 T} we eonsiau both LoS ana pias, 9 Nakagame dct Pubn : uv Check.Foe hadowiy patnion Cpowes puoi): a 9 for Stmutation We cong rd. uaseskatee fadsng ) Blow fading ° th mulatpath gle the same duay Ob102)2.023 2 ea > Chek the tet book: Something uke cath Scattu iy narowband farding and In this the combination guves urdeband fading. Case, the duai ot fes2Td” would be dkpuinr: j FT(2) 7 . h(ta= She Janne Slat) — HUY it) = She 2)oMt, 204 I Pruortt& grin) 2) he 6 (e-Ze) SUPP aulay dopplu Hw uspurentatt on In telquency aelutive fading» Intessynbot Trtopuune - - p die kenson h(tt: 3 hie} et (7-7) 9 the Cahannel LLmatns constant forsratl ume >pube shaping paoblum - Pe uo large Time- thvastont system > nodopple hier) = hi Swe) > fxom hoa on only tine tnvaatant system and fugquency flat & (onstd wed - dl slowfadins. >. Quasi-state fading] Block facing: hi ho Te vw chonnd charotkuss He sumaing eonstant forTe « PP PPP PPPARP PREP PPP PPP AA arr srAiARAAAARARARANyltd= (har >onlyone 3 thor are only qa ; ” hlD = BS kbore alia have the some day . Ro > Jel tT) 2 HUET ~ |Be-B . “ai Bp xlt)= Re {zWwel fet ~ yl: Re (ngin eit} b> xlt-z) = Re (Rue ey el eee a a . eee Bytom) Soti Re HUE com ponent . 2 Re {Sur gece? aT 2nfeTe Zyeviesiamt™ = Ret BSKE ed taken outsbecause non- Hesolvab le PPP IT TT woe pe (ile) 2xce) 2M SORES gn: (3 Bae PMY lz) Ket) = [Bae SIT-E). a h En farquany flat fading the convolution bevomss mulepurca tron, because thers just ove dday- ae yrbuan- VUREsEVBvVVGFVUSDSyehur n ciomhasly aymmikste Random vax able - Zz” pdf(2)- ECs? 2] ~ ER). o)4 62J-EB). E(e2")- 22°) £(2239 psusdo wvasianu tuuns out to be2u0- nit) 9 DTO6M) = HOO- HIX1Y) = HU)-HW/)- 3 Gausstan Why? > Centaal Aomit theosm > hgnat intopy. goon: YX Tem: uty - nob) pnotse - “i & wtums of & To maximise Ahes, Ymnust asus be quasran. >Giiven pow ot segnal. Hla ~ | pleghe Solve: Subjuk to Jz pedz 2e* pedz-! le Hl2- > ( ferpeas-0)-(Jror")) may:pe 2siezsaons pe, nanrid capacity: We Maxcmum Hate given that paobabiut of Uror (s bounded - 4 P g eon ! 5 fora fixed mean - ‘and vaxanu.find ae —_ channe 5) ! posuth that HUO (Ss 7 Yemen? BD Oc | ppaxtrnesed - - Quee Wr rnax T(x) = max RI) HU) - CS — Px . = = max Hiwy)- Hon) + >._ px 2... 2 X73 has powu p- @. vou): pte? 6, the ausstanfunaton oe fo grven means and vatanu pt S_ maximises the entropy. HDs Euens out be be gaussran: @_ Max . ea HW)-1) 2, = tg. eTe*e) za a = lo. 2» (27 Cpt ee = 2 P > satlega 211 p+ arje- Taxes 1 log (prere- Ll0 onler%e- goimoxs log preve- Llog > > > > >. > > foa Mal.” When n> vornpux Tp) 416 (8°) T: (ig?) Te Lugy?)- b scgnal notse Katto: Me yl) = KLE ALES Kopp : NLD 4 AWE proura- > signe " » Notse pow ts unfentte + unt you pet @ band pass fru. , 5 “" Bandunath + Tume = T log2 : 8 NO x20 ; : 22 Deguss oF pusdnie= wT ,lo 82 ea 5 Capaut paut ) > Caauty N02 Ud 2 pits]s/H2 viegs (f— +) > bits]. No x2. 2 9 et ty oP. - a 8) lege! : 3 Lg} >= fu cet: e%ejax 2< WP -l0gae Now g = PB loge shyu kh. 4 No No ‘4 Copauty of a wrUbs Chonnd: i capaury 1 i zhatn- Y= [pr Pe = [pop 1 J yecuivir Enows h, 4 unda Heeume . sot poulitpu wdiwooads Te Channa stateInformaton enous by Rx and not ty, The Tx taansmits vith R rate- Rrlog (1#¥)-2 Not rdeol * $0, we Use Gi von apt of oukage Ond Le probability - we use oukape capa uty, ne use 2} using Shanon copauty + alow Facing channa- Gages e capau'ty ouk og Couk = ¢)-pour) Rmi? 2 Ll-pout) i) l ¥rnih> Minimum SHR. 14min) ) .od w~ > Lo Te 47: Codeword ats th More # than ore fading lates outage capauty doze oot woll- wv 1 ' — log (uv) 7% N 2 gf 0 an & on an avuage the (a, i ugoaie capauty pauty canbe achreved zi L 3 tog YO : eLiogt #¥°Y) pe 040212023 yd yo 2 (nea 4nlt) stave fading a Narrow band + Quasé 7 hi, ha ae Grausstan yest . b seu Navow band [| bel o> effectively one dday- i > Fs . Gaussua he (Gare Pe SE) “_ — ain digital communtatren; SNR=¥= Ih? Pex rn ek. ee 9 Be @R®s CH g copauty tga CHsHe) . x Slow fading, we define outage capauty = (Pout) to Cited) hi hr hp bubs ba a : fr Looe Ju J ni oe atl te tol lor (Dyauaving: ror [ver Jer 4 You send the bits foa 2 time slots fo avord toss - * Fast pading : Shan onl Ug odie Capautty = ELiogt ud).EWR, = JhP Bw er 7 depending upon the channd state. td ond va whuieaae the pow of tuansmitted signal. >The uivuase of pow vd called Channd uvuescon % wauting fou coh oun tume- Vatable nate waling : Ymu = InP 62 > P: ¥rin 62 IhI> 44 When the IbPa6 , the powu puqutsed shoots up-, Thue ts aledys 4 pousts fonstiaint uh the Antenna. fr CST wtormation avatlabl = —. (cas are oes lees) hs no ha 1 1 % = Yel 5 optichisatton piobum: §* Es logal 1 PLY) 91) _— toe fpiv denscty 04° may J toga (4 PLY fproay plo: St * Jp Fira =P Sutton: watu fiWuing algostthm bs $rFox uri foamed T. -rangmiBon,. fast faaing ELtegt > Sg a 2 sowe optunus ath'on + gf bad wast for the cohumutime> » Tensen's tbequality é fee) fra) - ploncave oS x) ® < EGfool ¢ f Ce) - ys ‘ A ic >» > ELlogtu ry) ma gloglh ECy3) . i Awan SHR uAwWEIP: (slept off) 3 crue emt > B~capauty mpfading < 64 aut : pauty wt ng Pp y tes \a]o2\2023 4 he durived the optt a way y2tet par Re { ldel” ie 5 > Y arpawentation of bandpass fapm how pass signal - tus band. Quast: stale ty Bj we WW ony Na’ . ~ — G convourton bevomes mubipueahon uth a o. sting . 2 ing S-) Slow fading » outage capattty 4 zoe tbe oivailable - @ post fadings shannon capauly: mj Chonnd uavuaton?) SS + a os ae 4 > souation ©: optimisation probum - mr? P] we” Ue 1 => when cst not available at Tx and PX .and destaibution ts @ noun - a o @ Inin Rayixgr - ® b thonny gon fou Fo es | te 2Te | 3Te nusation sowtton NLOS wos the distatbutton ws only known - ove) = HOD) =H) SSSosgvess T Tn noann al Buna: pl¥/¥) fox $=2n- but now yepan both distaibutron of h andn a. only knewh-The): Hey)- HIYA v PlY/y)- Pisano compur (0,W0) busurg thes PLY A) can be found: | Pltixsh) “Pal dh - = Joan) “paw pole) 4 dado “Ja exp lyse] 9 Flyoe?) TINo No No dosed for. equation for capaut and gutting LxpAwsaron os haud . use umpute. (3) : Jwe wm-poss * . spun -O gen @ a capacity of @ 4 capauty oO - Tn dugitas tornmuntcatvor-, (Er: ty, because sowing unkegaal Mz2k t Jmapping)'s TL SOUL —[S/abs ly (channd | eefh wding oly) mee —2 ee - Ty band vinnited, sete) 5 time unuiruted = bist. = pulse shaptngs sinc and navsed cosine - wRx > ye x ltenW) % netomat e. pr band pass nose + ra aunrunsto! 2 xlttnplo aa ra —|Bee |} 5) bu uM | Re > seen) ne svt > I = ylt). . Sint eee ylt)-atow pass = gq nowhuant durnodutlat’ ens we use envelope dik ko - = Sez deere my. al Si FSi) - - wehave Wf © 5 Spalt)* pass FUN GEO a; ‘n gut) | NSM. a Ja? pf at * pasts co $y Wa: ‘pun uror- . “ ; Ly aS iene ee using st and pasts can Any yandem prours fun acon Stl BP oit)> See Vile ut unfent ae : 4 ge a i. ie £ bscgnal- spa py mENSton - pssentaon: > olinagneine Toshow: To aut Stewe pao) oak ston pacer geld). 8 ASCIARB) = pst) +4tt) secorneu) esriie ns(t4 neld yee Pive'e v's eb bobo bb's eel 4 mu pa(Aasi ly) 2 mtn pas n © ngs 2or gett)+ & ne Gelt) + it canrv Zyl) did sian ECneny)= Ef Ynarop'toat " rroajeiees) Zilor}20a2 ue rata seo F (Kee HA, be - tw)- fee. sen, ErAbE Wiss wtyrtt) + also nth. 274 uth ond statrongay second ond stationary , Can be used wnt nelaxaltton - 4 chek Chesil) pldixslt) janynt S(t-70) 7 hltrt)= e hn & Jj2me- nei 27d e AUT) =, 3 podtt¥n) §l22n). net oy pate: pie: 2 ° hy, f) oS pare nz 1oll 032023 Los xe) 400e) Po 9 0) yCh# 26 +9 twe cases 9 CST not avatlable doy Svenaba 7 oan HUeng aigemem = = =~ =~ = = = WR Purfoumanu Anatysrs (enor? =. WoBetone that: ehLb » xe) We CH 4 CE) YD > g” > = (= Stee) x Ls SLE t) Sa yier= Slt- t* Slt-t2) = weld - Oeale 2 Delayed ipa > oe eurpuk == “5 not aependunt op the tmpulse => y tered = plete) = Lt to) a — — eSitttoy-ti) © Stt'-ta-#o) = Sit tob-tN «dl : = dlti-tita ote = dlet > = . glerated = & not saree as ylt* te) = > Sree Alt te-DdAt = hi « xt): > Exaon Anatysh 3 2k=M Beets ce os a : Paste ae a mi - degttal moautatter a Lees J symbol 27t functcon unth enurigy Symbol mapp x < scio: sues co > Fer » SIO UNA Gos analeg modulation yepees seat ye = sil tnt) - Bret. Se. R= (Coe pee |He) 4 C10 pli ito) ) Po - (Eo: ply) H+ 6" pum lHid) Pi A(R)= PCRIHO) Pp Pp = P(Ho) plRiHi) PP Piz PLD PLRIH0) PLHO) Xx pun PLRIHD - Wy P(HolR) PLR) Z ple) PLR)» > Pr(Sk)ate) > Pr (Ses) yg. Ly Bases fox classtficatron papblero wn -we Seer Se- mauwine Leaning « Plate) se) 7 PA (ALO ISA) ak. HUt)s sle4nl) » LT Silt) - att) Matched - pelkut follow td by sanppling yl grt & fun ot SR ts used: ye sax SUR, POoaMutate opt Result: gnha matted frliu- Alt) + galo= 4 ef gc) nl) * ag i : on should tudue the nowse Dbjeck temisatton papblemGilt) a cT-t) 3 matned felt for whste mows: Cpso wnstant) - SNRE |esregn Upto > Efe +g out] i) foamatehed fidu Bases function +f gyleT-t)-/- Ae L- 5 Alt): gut) Ae ase (he - Akl: pL seiai) 7 Pf sala) afk. 2 @~ IAC Soria Jap) & pldciatt) =f Sx cits Slant: 7 RA A+! Rel] > | sent na |. g|+2 AN, sin Nv ap Aandorm prours xlt) = suglo 4 random voatable- Pl avlalt)) =P (si, xtt)) Alt): 3 pute 2 eel FZ Me bet). t7n nite 2 ne Gelb - & can ne ans Ese GlOt ZO GO* S, al FY PVVBVSSSSVIHFevosDPe OO _—————— t= 3 (sian belt) 4S nedelt) BPSK / x 3 3 24 bases funaon QPsk aNxlt) D22rvoso functron: Ex ddnsfip)-0- S warstation & 2uto pl&r, Alb) = PUSEA net) | plas) zi es PIAL&)) pla, net) cas er von dition - ° Tndupendaru nada to the > happen when jountly mausstan - Tody aa ae (*! jaro ptt). 4lt) -sclt) +l) a a . sa Jat grld Wd J butt) sejauy & pists) : : hoo sr} . L Due to frausstan assum pro? ei» aly kel 2 Pla in a equaly 4 MPP become ML- aug mar plselalt) £ ‘re pls): am 2 ong me max pl (as), PPPPP ARR APR D APP PRRAARANAA ANNAN KNAKNRRRRKeeRncanananaea. )4M a gin : : at. 42 =gtan AD SEO EDD dain ed using yFyrrvre % Random yvawablu > datubutten fundten \ 1, Random pAvitss » Beat te a 4 Anneos combinateen XC 4 RP , joust awtatbutten - xr Xv RY ae [ai guane =| Ra.| = |scoam | -Sit8 xp 7 PlSiss)d mean = © anit) a gern Efalsc) -pfei}aete) «4 ** = sts fee h zo mean: TPIT IIIS VV VIT 77777777, East - Tt ae “|: ee 2 KORA oo | COV OALGNU » y EL [ae- pd) (Xe- prydsc) Hest phe Bh = ECnenay =E[ Jnvod,t[ra gatd dt} VIII BRERA.