DSP Tutorial 2

31/08/2022
 Time limit: 25 min

Q.1. Determine the Nyquist rate of the signal,

𝑥 (𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑖3𝑛𝜋 + cos 12830𝜋𝑡 + sin 6419𝜋𝑡 + 20 cos 6415𝜋𝑡 sin n𝜋𝑡
where, 𝑛 is the last four numeric digit of your roll number. [Ignore ‘R’; e.g. 22EC64R03, n = 6403]

Q.2. A linear, time invariant system with input 𝑥[𝑛] and output 𝑦[𝑛] has the transfer function
𝑌 𝑧 5 − 2𝑧 −1
𝐻 𝑧 = = 2
𝑋 𝑧 𝑏 + 2𝑏𝑧 −1 + 𝑧 −2
a) For what real values of 𝑏 is the system causal and stable?
b) Find a causal difference equation of the above system of the following form:
1 𝑀 𝑁
𝑦𝑛 = 𝑘=0 𝑎𝑘 𝑥 𝑛−𝑘 − 𝑘=0 𝑏𝑘 𝑦 𝑛−𝑘
𝑏0

Q.3. Compute the unit step response of the system with impulse response
ℎ 𝑛 = 3𝑛 𝑛 < 0
(2/5)𝑛 𝑛 ≥ 0
 Time limit: 20 min

Q.4. Let 𝑥 𝑛 , 𝑋 𝑒 𝑗𝜔 represent signal and its Fourier transform, respectively. Find 𝑋 𝑒 𝑗𝜔 for
𝑥1 𝑛 if 𝑥1 𝑛 = 𝑥 𝑛 for n even and 𝑥1 𝑛 = 0 for n odd. Also plot the spectrum of 𝑥1 𝑛 if
spectrum of 𝑥 𝑛 is represented in the following figure.

1 1
Q.5. What is the time domain signal for X[z] = 1 −2,|z|> ?
1− 𝑧 4
4
Solutions
Answer 1:
𝑥 𝑡 = 𝑒 𝑖3𝑛𝜋 + cos 12830𝜋𝑡 + sin 6419𝜋𝑡 + 20 cos 6415𝜋𝑡 sin n𝜋𝑡
⇒ 𝑥 𝑡 = cos 3𝑛𝜋 + 𝑖. sin 3𝑛𝜋 + cos 12830𝜋𝑡 + sin 6419𝜋𝑡 + 10 sin(6415 + 𝑛)𝜋𝑡 − 10 sin(6415 − 𝑛)𝜋𝑡
⇒ 𝑥 (𝑡) = cos 3𝑛𝜋 + cos 12830𝜋𝑡 + sin 6419𝜋𝑡 + 10 sin(6415 + 𝑛)𝜋𝑡 − 10 sin(6415 − 𝑛)𝜋𝑡
Highest frequency component in cos 3𝑛𝜋, 𝑤𝑚0 = 0
Highest frequency component in cos 12830𝜋𝑡, 𝑤𝑚1 = 12830𝜋
Highest frequency component in sin 6419𝜋𝑡, 𝑤𝑚2 = 6419𝜋
Highest frequency component in 10 sin(6415 + 𝑛)𝜋𝑡, 𝑤𝑚3 = (6415 + 𝑛)𝜋
Highest frequency component in 10 sin(6415 − 𝑛)𝜋𝑡, 𝑤𝑚4 = (6415 − 𝑛)𝜋
Maximum frequency component in x (t) is,
𝑤𝑚 = highest of [0, 12830𝜋, 6419𝜋, (6415 + 𝑛)𝜋, (6415 − 𝑛)𝜋]
𝑤𝑚 = 2𝜋𝑓𝑚
𝑤𝑚
Nyquist rate, 𝐹𝑠 = 2 𝑓𝑚 =
𝜋

𝑤𝑚 = 12830 for roll no. 03 to 15

But, 𝑤𝑚 = 6415+n for Babloo, Roshaan, Sweta, Kawshika, and Lakshmi [Roll no. 22EC64R16 to 22EC64R27.]
Answer 2.
a) The poles of the system are at
𝑏 2 + 2𝑏𝑧 −1 + 𝑧 −2 = 0
So, (𝑏 + 𝑧 −1 )2 = 0
𝑧 −1 = −𝑏
1
𝑧=−
𝑏
For the system to be causal and stable, the poles must lie within the unit circle. It follows
that |𝑏| > 1 must hold.

b) The given transfer function is:

𝑌 𝑧 5 − 2𝑧 −1
= 2
𝑋 𝑧 𝑏 + 2𝑏𝑧 −1 + 𝑧 −2
𝑌 𝑧 (𝑏2 +2𝑏𝑧 −1 + 𝑧 −2 ) = 𝑋 𝑧 5 − 2𝑧 −1
𝑏 2 𝑦 𝑛 + 2𝑏𝑦 𝑛 − 1 + 𝑦 𝑛 − 2 = 5𝑥 𝑛 − 2𝑥 𝑛 − 1
1
𝑦𝑛 = (5𝑥 𝑛 − 2𝑥 𝑛 − 1 − 2𝑏𝑦 𝑛 − 1 + 𝑦 𝑛 − 2 )
𝑏2
Answer 3.

ROC: |z| >1

3
Answer 4. 𝑋 𝑒 𝑗𝜔
Signal satisfying given condition can be 0.5
written as

1
𝑥1 𝑛 = 𝑥 𝑛 + −1 𝑛 𝑥 𝑛
2 -2 π -π 0 π 2π
1
𝑥1 𝑛 = (𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑒−𝑗𝜋𝑛 𝑥[𝑛]) 𝑋 𝑒 𝑗(𝜔−π)
2 0.5
Take FT on both sides, we get

1
𝑋1 (𝑒𝑗𝜔 ) = 𝑋(𝑒𝑗𝜔 + 𝑋(𝑒𝑗 𝜔−𝜋
)]
2
-2 π -π 0 π 2π
Addition of both
𝑋1 (𝑒 𝑗𝜔 ) spectrums, cancel
the opposite slopes
0.5
Answer 5.