189

n
n
a, b, c, d
abcd, dabc, cdab,
bcda
c b a d

d b c a a d a c

a d c b
abcd dabc cdab bcda

n n
n
Pn/ n (n–1)!
1:
: (4–1)! = 3! = 6

n
1 n 1
=
2

1 n -1
n colours =
2

(Permutation with Restrictions)

n
n–1
pr .
r n–1
n–1
pr

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n
r, n–1
pr–1.
r–1 n–1
pr–1 n–1

n–1
pr–1
r, n–1
pr–1

DRAUGHT

DRAUGHT

A U 2! = 2
(i) AU (ii) UA
6
P6 = 6! = 720
DRAUGHT = 2 × 720
= 1440.
: n (n–2).(n–
1)!
n
n
Pn = n! ….. (1)
2
P2 = 2! = 2
(n–1)
= n–1
Pn–1 = (n–1) !

2 × (n–1)! …….(2)

= (1) – (2)
= n! 2 . (n–1)!
= n.(n – 1)! – 2 . (n–1) !
= (n–1) !. (n–2)

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6!
3! 2!
3! 3!
6!.3!.2!
= 3! × 6! × 3! × 2!
= 51,840.

(i) (ii)

5
P3 = 5.4.3 = 60.
(i)
4
P2 = 4.3 = 12
(ii)
3
P1 =3.

7
P4 = 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 ×
= 840

6
P3
= 5 × 6P3 = 5 × 6 × 5
× 4 = 5 × 120 = 600.

5
P5 = 5! = 120 …...................................(1)

P1 = 4 4

5–1=4 = P3 = 4 × 3 × 2 = 24
4

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Therefore, by the Fundamental principle, the number of four-digit numbers greater than 2000
= 4 × 24 = 96 …. (2)
120 + 96 = 216.

2
P2 = 2! = 2
3
P3 = 3 × 2 = 6

6 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 48

(i) (ii)

(i)
5! 3!
= 5!×3! = 720
(ii)

 B1  B2  B3  B4

4! 5
P3

= 5P3 × 4! = 60 × 24 = 1,440

7
p7 = 7!
= 7! = 5040

6!
= 2! × 6! = 2 × 6 × 5 ×
4 × 3 ×2×1 = 1,440.

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6
P6 5
P5

= 6P6 × 5P5 = 6! × 5! = 720 × 120 = 86400.

5 (B)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1
(a) 700 (b) 710 (c) 720 (d)
2.
(a) 240 (b) 200 (c) 120 (d)
3.
1 1
(a) 50 (b) 49 (c) 49 (d)
2 2

4.

(a) 70 (b) 27 (c) 72 (d)

5. DOGMATIC
(a) 40.319 (b) 40.320 (c) 40.321 (d)
6.

(a) 2015 (b) 2016 (c) 2014 (d)

7.

(a) 3020 (b) 3025 (c) 3024 (d)

8.

(a) 25 (b) 31 (c) 32 (d) 30

9.
(a) 210 (b) 200 (c) 110 (d)

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10.
(a) 124 (b) 120 (c) 125 (d)
11.

(a) 10 (b) 8 (c) 6 (d)

10
r
12.  r. Pr is
r =1

(a) 11
P 11 (b) 11
P11 –1 (c) 11
P11 +1 (d)
13.
(a) 10 9 (b) 8 9 (c) 9 9 (d)

14.
(a) 4 P 4 (b) 4P4 × 3P3 (c) ( 3 )2 (d)

15. A, B, C, D E A B
(a) 24 (b) 4 × 2 (c) 5 (d)

16.

(a) 99 (b) 90 (c) 80 (d)

17.

(a) 8 (b) 5040 (c) 5039 (d)

18. MONDAY
M N
(a) 720 (b) 120 (c) 96 (d)
19. ‘t’ ‘–‘
‘–’
(a) 7 / 3 (b) 6 × 7 / 3 (c) 35 (d)

20. MOBILE

(a) 36 (b) 63 (c) 30 (d)

21.

(a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 24 (d)

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(Combinations)

n r Cr C(n,r) C (n/r ), Cn,r

n

n
Cr r
r r
r r
Pr Crn
n r
n
Cr. Pr
r n
Cr. Pr = nPr
r n
Pr n r

n
Cr.rPr = nPr ,

n
Cr = nPr/rPr = n!/ (n – r ) !  r!/(r – r )!
= n!/(n – r )! × 0!/r!
= n! / r! ( n – r )!

C n
r
= n!/r! ( n – r )!

(i) n
Co = n! / 0! ( n – 0 )! = n!/n! =1. [ As o! = 1]
n
Cn = n! / n! ( n – n ) ! = n! / n! 0! = 1 [ n
Cr r=n ]

52  51 50  49  48  47!
52
C 5 = 52!/5! (52 – 5)! = 52!/5! 47! =
5  4  3  2  1 47!
= 2,598,960
S
S

© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India