What is SQL?

SQL refers to Structured Query Language, as it is the special purpose domain specific
language for querying the data in Relational Database Management System (RDBMS). 

Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL, Oracle etc. use SQL for querying with slight syntax
differences.

SQL is Structured Query Language is a database computer language designed for

managing data in relational database management systems (RDBMS).
PostgreSQL is an object-relational database management system (ORDBMS).1 It is
released under a BSD-style license and is thus free software. As with many other open-
source programs, PostgreSQL is not controlled by any single company, but has a global
community of developers and companies to develop it.
SQLite is an ACID-compliant embedded relational database management system contained
in a relatively small (~225 KB1) C programming library. The source code for SQLite is in the
public domain.
MySQL (pronounced My S-Q-L, or "My sequel" is a relational database management
system (RDBMS)
2 which has more than 6 million installations.
 3MySQL stands for "My Structured Query Language". The program runs as a server
providing multi-user access to a number of databases.

Types of SQL statements

SQL statements are categorized into four different type of statements, which are

1. DML (DATA MANIPULATION LANGUAGE)

2. DDL (DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE)
3. DCL (DATA CONTROL LANGUAGE)
4. TCL (TRANSACTION CONTROL LANGUAGE)
Let's see one by one.

DML

In Data Manipulation Language(DML), we have four different SQL statements.

1. SELECT

Select statement is used to select the collection of records from the table, which
is based on some condition.

E.g. select * from student – Get all the records of student table.

Select * from student where rank>5 – Get the records with the condition where
students' rank is greater than 5.

2. INSERT

Insert statement is used to insert the set of values into the table.

E.g. Insert into Student (Rank, StudentName, Mark) Values(1,’Kumar’,450)

3. UPDATE

Update statement is used to update the existing values in the table, which is
based on some condition.
 E.g., update student set StudentName=’Manoj’ where StudentName=’Kumar’ 

The query given above will update the studentName from Manoj to Kumar where
student Name Kumar.

4. DELETE

Delete statement is used to delete the existing record in the table, which is based
on some condition.

Eg., Delete from Student where StudentName=’Manoj’

The query given above will delete the record which has StudentName Manoj.

DDL

In Data Definition Language (DDL), we have three different SQL statements.

1. CREATE 

Create statement is used to create the new table in an existing database.

Eg., Create Table Student (Rank Int,StudentName varchar(50),Mark Float)

2. ALTER

Alter statement can add a column, modify a column, drop a column, rename a
column or rename a table.

Eg., Alter Table Student Add (StudentAddress varchar (100))

3. DROP

SQL DROP TABLE statement is used to remove a table definition and all the
data, indexes, triggers, constraints and permission specifications for the table.

Eg, Drop Student

DCL

In Data Control Language(DCL), it defines the control over the data in the database. We
have two different commands, which are

1. GRANT

Grant is allowed to do the specified user to the specified tasks.

 Syntax

GRANT privilege_name
ON object_name
TO {user_name |PUBLIC |role_name} 
[WITH GRANT OPTION];

2. REVOKE

It is used to cancel previously granted or denied permissions.

Syntax

REVOKE privilege_name
ON object_name
FROM {user_name |PUBLIC |role_name}

TCL

In Transaction Control Language (TCL), the commands are used to manage the
transactions in the database. These are used to manage the changes made by DML
statements. It also allows the statements to be grouped together into logical
transactions.

1. COMMIT

Commit command is used to permanently save any transaction into the

database.

Syntax Commit;

2. ROLLBACK

Rollback command is used to restore the database for the last committed state.
It’s also used with save point to jump to the save point.

Syntax

Rollback to save point name

3. SAVEPOINT 

Save point command is used to temporarily save a transaction, so that you can
roll back to that point whenever necessary.

Syntax
 savepointsavepoint-name;

These are the different types of statements in SQL language. I hope, this will be helpful
for the readers. Thanks for reading.