If I am now a cruise ship’s Safety Manager, I am going to carry out risk assessments

before the ship departure in order to avoid any disaster by analyzing the issue based
on five steps, which are identifying the hazards, decide who might be harmed and
how, evaluate the risks and decide on precaution, record my findings and implement
them, and review the assessment and update if necessary.

The first step is identifying the hazards of a cruise ship, which is the potential for a
process to cause adverse effects. It will be first analyzed base on the case of the
Titanic. These hazards are poor management of the evacuation, lax regulations and
most of the crews are not well trained.

Base on poor management of the evacuation, the management of the evacuation is

important for a cruise ship. Once an accident occurs, it does a big role in escaping. In
the case of Titanic, poor management of the evacuation leads a lifeboat not fully
accommodated before it launches. As a result, there are about 1000 people who are
still on board until the Titanic sink because of a lack of lifeboat. Therefore, poor
management of the evacuation is a critical hazard that leads to the death of a cruise
ship.

Base on lax regulations, proper regulation can ensure the safety of a cruise ship. If
there has a lax regulation, it may lead to an irreversible accident. In the case of
Titanic, before the accident, Titanic received six warnings of sea ice but it still
traveling about 41km/h which is a high speed. As a result, the Titanic is unable to turn
quickly enough to lead a collision. If there is proper regulation, the crew should able
to turn quickly enough since they will aware of the warning of sea ice and then they
will slow down the Titanic. Therefore, lax regulation is a critical hazard that leads to
an irreversible accident of a cruise ship.

Base on most of the crews are not well trained. Crews with well-trained can encounter
some accident, as they can familiarize themselves with the ship. In the case of Titanic,
most of the crew and passengers fell into the water drowned or died as they cannot
reach the lifeboat. A well-trained crew should able to leads the passengers to the
lifeboat. However, as the crews are not familiarizing with Titanic, they may not have
enough time to leads the passengers in the correct way in order to reach the
destination of the lifeboat. Therefore, most of the crews are not well trained as a
critical hazard which leads to difficulty in the evacuation.

As the hazards are identified, I will next decide who might be harmed and how. It is

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 necessary that examining a process may cause a risk to all people who are getting
involved. In the case of Titanic, they are the captain, passengers, and crews including
engineers, firemen, chefs, officers, and seamen.

In the aspect of how they might be harmed, in the case of Titanic, captain Edward
Smith might be harmed by overexertion and work stress. it is an ocean liner which
departs for a few days, and the captain Edward Smith is the only person who owns
enough experience in seafaring. Therefore, the captain might be harmed by
overexertion and work stress since he must work for a long time. Captain, passengers,
and crews might be harmed by the accident, in the case of Titanic, if passengers and
crews cannot escape from the ship, they may get harmed or losing their life by
drowning under the three hazards stated above.

The third step is evaluating the risks and decide on precaution. Despite there are
enough proper measures that prevent accidents, the risk might still exist. I will
exanimate each hazard mentioned above to determine the level of the risk. However,
the exanimation will be done after completing my duties as a safety manager job.
There are five duties including report all issues to the captain, responsible for the
safety and prevention planning, coordinates and organizes all aspects of the
management of an emergency, coordinates all passenger and crew safety drills and
along with other appointed deck officers, performs safety instructions to the crew and
staff members from all shipboard departments, and trains lifeboat, life raft, emergency
evacuation, and fire-fighting parties and operating crew. These five aspects will be
illustrated below.

First, report all issues to the captain. If a risk assessment is completed, it should be
first reported to the captain to let the captain know all the risk still appears in the
cruise ship. As the captain needs to command all the crew in a proper way, the
knowledge of the appearing of risks may help the captain decide easily.

Secondly, responsible for safety and prevention planning. As a safety manager of a

ship, it is responsible to have a safety and prevention planning in order to avoid any
disasters in a cruise ship. The safety and prevention planning will be assigned base on
the hazards mentioned above which are poor management of the evacuation, lax
regulations and most of the crews are not well trained. The detailed safety and
prevention planning will be explained in the next three aspects.

Third, coordinates and organizes all aspects of the management of an emergency. The

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 management of an emergency should be coordinated and organizes in all aspects. In
this case, the most obvious aspect of a cruise ship is the management of evacuation. In
order to have an efficient evacuation, it is necessary to paste a map that clearly points
out the fastest way to escape the cruise ship in all obvious places as corridors. It is
efficient that all passengers can follow the map to the exit but not being lost in the
cruise ship. Besides, to train the captain being to have the sense to make a proper
announcement if there is an accident in order to calm all passengers down as make an
assembly to concentrate all passengers at the safest place and wait for the arrangement
of a lifeboat. After that, set up a safety regulation. In the case of Titanic, the ship must
slow down immediately if receiving a warning.

Fourth, coordinates all passenger and crew safety drills and along with other
appointed deck officers. It is necessary to have a safety drill for all people on a cruise
ship regularly since the cruise ship involves a big area that passengers may get lost if
an accident occurs. Once all people had safety drills before the ship is departed, they
will calm down and follows the safety drills. As a result, it can reduce the chance of
death in an accident.

Fifth, trains lifeboat, life raft, emergency evacuation, and fire-fighting parties, and
operating crew. Have well-trained crews of the situation above can ensure the
evacuation process despite the passengers are not have a safety drill. In the case of
Titanic, the well-trained crews can lead the passenger to a safe place in order to have
an efficient evacuation in the accident that avoid a situation a lifeboat is departed
despite it is not fully accommodated.

After the illustration, I will exanimate each hazard mentioned above to determine the
level of the risk. As I am done my duties as a safety manager. the level of the risk
should be minimized. On the other hand, there is a hazard to the captain who may
suffer from overexertion and work stress.

The fourth step is recording my findings and implement them. Base on my finding,
there are three critical hazards including poor management of the evacuation, lax
regulations and most of the crews are not well trained. Then, there is some measure
base on my duties that can solve the three critical hazards mentioned above. For the
hazard of poor management of the evacuation, proper management of an emergency
can be implemented to solve this problem as strengthen the management of the
evacuation. As a result, the death rate in accidents will decrease as passengers and
crews can escape efficiently since there is proper management of the evacuation. For

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 the hazard of lax regulations, implementing onboard safety and accident prevention
program can solve the problem as setting up a speed regulation for safety, and all
passengers and crews must obey the regulation. As a result, it has a lower chance that
an accident occurs as a collision of an iceberg. For most of the crews are not well
trained, coordinate all passenger and crew safety drills and other appointed deck
officers and train lifeboat, life raft, emergency evacuation, and fire-fighting parties,
and operating crew can ensure all crews in a cruise ship has a sense of safety. As a
result, they can calm down their selves and perform an efficient evacuation process
during an accident. As all prevention has implemented. It is confirmed that the risk of
departing a cruise ship has minimized to the lowest level.

The fifth step is reviewing the assessment and update if necessary. reviewing the
assessment and update regularly is important since there may have an update of a
cruise ship as there may have a new hazard if a new facility constructed on a cruise
ship. If this case of the situation appears, it is necessary to exanimate whether there is
a hazard to ensure the safety of a cruise ship. Besides, if a new disaster has been
found, it is necessary to review or update the finding in order to prevent disaster.
Based on reviewing my findings. There is a hazard that the captain may suffer from
overexertion and work stress, it is necessary that hire a crew that has the same
experience as the captain for an assistant of a captain. As the review is done in the
case of Titanic. All preventions are implemented in order to reduce the risk by solving
the three critical hazards stated above.

As the risk assessments are carried out by five steps, the cruise ship is good to depart.

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