ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

ADDIS ABABA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY
Machine Lab Preparation

BY:Ephrem W/Michael
ID No.:UGR/3784/13
Section 3B

Submitted to:Worku A.
Date:25/4/2023
1.What are the factors that determine the transformation ratio of a three-phase
transformer ?
 The number of turns in the primary and secondary windings of the transformer.
 The mutual inductance between the primary and secondary windings.
 The Phase angle between the primary and secondary voltages.
 The magnitude of the load current and the power factor of the load connected
to the transformer.
2.Give reasons why the Y/Y connections of a three phase transformer is seldom used
with ungrounded neutrals?

 Safety concern: When one phase becomes grounded through some fault, it can
cause very high voltages to appear on the other two phases which could be
dangerous to people and equipment.

 Voltage unbalance: The ungrounded neutral of the Y/Y transformer can create
voltage imbalances between the three phases which can lead to problems in the
electrical system.

 Lack of Ground Fault Protection: An ungrounded system lacks ground fault

protection, which can result in a ground fault remaining undetected until a
second ground fault occurs, creating a potential short circuit and damaging
equipment.

 High Operating Voltages: In an ungrounded delta system, the line-to-line

voltages are typically higher than in a Y/Y system. Therefore, the Y/Y connection
is not required for higher operating voltages and grounded neutral would be
preferred.
3.why do we connect a ∆ -connected tertiary winding in a Y/Y connected
transformer?
A ∆ -connected tertiary winding is added to a transformer to limit the amount of
unbalanced current that flows due to an unbalanced load on the transformer.
When this tertiary winding is connected in between the neutrals of each Y-
connected terminal, any residual currents or harmonics are able to circulate
between the three phases instead of returning back to the source. This helps to
balance the load and reduce any negative effects it may have on the system.

4. Can the teritiary winding of Y/∆ /Y transformer be loaded ?

Yes, the tertiary winding of a Y/Y transformer can be loaded. The tertiary winding is
often used to provide a neutral point for unbalanced loads or for grounding
purposes.

5.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using a three phase transformer

instead of three single phase transformers in a three phase system?
Smaller size: Three-phase transformers are also generally smaller in size than three
single-phase transformers of the same capacity, making them easier to install and
maintain.

Improved reliability: Three-phase transformers are less likely to fail than three
single-phase transformers, as the triple windings provide better balance and reduce
the occurrence of single-phase faults.

Energy efficiency: Three-phase transformers are more energy-efficient than single-

phase transformers, reducing the overall energy consumption in the system.

Disadvantages of using a three phase transformer:

Higher initial cost: In some cases, the initial cost of a three-phase transformer may
be higher compared to three single-phase transformers.

Complex installation:Three-phase transformers require a skilled installer to ensure

that the phases are properly connected and balanced, which can make installation
more complex.

Limited phase independence: With a three-phase transformer, all three phases are
interdependent, meaning that if one phase fails, it affects the operation of the entire
transformer. In contrast, with three single-phase transformers, each unit operates
independently.
6.Discuss briefly the path of magnetic flux in a three leg three phase transformer.
In a three leg three phase transformer, the magnetic flux path starts from the
primary winding of one leg, then flows through the core to the same secondary side
leg.
Then, the flux flows through the common center leg and continues through the
other secondary side leg, before returning to the primary side through its own leg.