COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Circuits 1

Laboratory 00: Component’s Description and Use

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NAME: Christian P. Javier

Components Symbol Description What is used for?

Resistor ● A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical ● In electronic circuits, resistors are used
component that implements electrical resistance as a to reduce current flow, adjust signal
circuit element. levels, to divide voltages, bias active
elements, and terminate transmission
●
lines, among other uses.
Polarized Capacitor ● A passive two-terminal electrical component used to ● In power supply, the polarized capacitor
store energy electrostatically in an electric field. is connected in parallel to the source to
reject the ripple voltage and to
● A polarized capacitor uses a special form of dielectric
smoothen the output DC Voltage signal,
that only allows charge in one direction. A non-
it also eliminates noise signals.
polarized capacitor does not have that restriction.
● If it is wrongly connected, it will burst
● The voltage indicates the maximum voltage rating
away.
● The longer lead is the positive terminal

Non-polarized Capacitor  Capacitors with neither positive nor negative  They are mainly used in circuits of
(Ceramic Capacitor) polarity are known as non-polarized capacitors. coupling, decoupling, feedback,
Non-polarized capacitors’ two electrodes can be compensation, and oscillation.
put into the circuit at random and will not leak.

Potentiometer  A potentiometer (also known as a pot or potmeter)  They are used to measure
is defined as a 3 terminal variable resistor in which displacement in any direction.
the resistance is manually varied to control the flow
 Linear potentiometers linearly
 of electric current. A potentiometer acts as an measure displacement and rotary
adjustable voltage divider potentiometers measure rotational
displacement.
 A potentiometer is a type of position sensor.

Inductor  Passive electronic component that stores energy in  Inductors are typically used as energy
a form of magnetic field when current flows storage devices in switched-mode
through it. power devices to produce DC current.

 It is a two-terminal electrical component that is

characterized by its inductance

 An inductor has the functions of developing

electromotive force in the direction that reduces
fluctuation when a fluctuating current flows and
storing electric energy as magnetic energy.

 It consist of a wire loop or coil

LED  A Light Emitting Diode (LED) is a semiconductor
device, which can emit light when an electric
current passes through it
Diode  An electrical component that allows the flow of
current in only one direction. In circuit diagrams
 acts as a one-way switch for current
Transistor (BJT)  A bipolar junction transistor is a three-terminal
semiconductor device that consists of two p-n
junctions which are able to amplify or magnify a
signal
 A switch to amplify, filter, and rectify power.
 widely used standard source of light in
electrical equipment.
 LEDs are increasingly common in
street lights, parking garage lighting,
walkway and other outdoor area
lighting, refrigerated case lighting,
modular lighting, and task lighting.
 Diodes are an electronic component
for regulating the unidirectional flow
of the current.
 Diodes can be used as rectifiers, signal
limiters, voltage regulators, switches,
signal modulators, signal mixers,
signal demodulators, and oscillators
 The bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is
used in logic circuits.
 It is used as an amplifier
 The BJT is used as an oscillator.
 It is used as a multivibrator
Transformer (Center tap)  A center tapped transformer is also known as the ”
two phase three wire” transformer”.
 it provides two output cycles for a single input
cycle.
 A full wave rectifier needs the entire
DC output from the AC signal. The
center tap transformer does this by
allowing current in both cycles.

 A center-tap transformer is designed in such a way

that it can produce two secondary voltages with
the same connection.

Normally Open (NO) Push  A button in normal or default state that is not  Start button
Button making any electrical contact in the circuit
 Reset button
 It makes electrical contact with the circuit when
 Lightswitch
pressed.
 Footswithces

Normally Close (NC) Push  A push button that makes electrical contact in  Stop button
Button default state.
 Emergency stop button
  When pressed, the electrical contact is severed.
SPST, SPDT, DPST and DPST  Single pole, single throw
- Has one contact and one throw. Can only
be on in one pole, the other pole is for off
 Single pole double throw
- Has one contact but two throws. The
switch has 3 settings. Center is usually off,
up and down is on and is dependent on the
settings of creator. Can be used to switch
on different color of lights.
 Double pole single throw
- Have two contact and one throw. The
switch can only go on and off
 Double pole, double throw
- Have two contact and one throw. The
switch can go on both sides and off at the
center.
 Normally closed relays
 Normally closed contact blocks
 Spst switches are used in simple
electronic projects like light switches.
 SPDT switches are is used to control
two different circuits through a similar
single input. PLC system output
switches
 DPST switches are used in breaker
control logic circuits and also used as
Industrial selector switches
 A DPDT switch is used where an open
and closed wiring system is used. This
switch is frequently used for
simultaneous switching of two
independent signals that should work
in tandem.
Electromechanical Relay
 An electromechanical relay is a type of relay which
function using a magnetic field produced by an
electromagnetic coil when a control signal is
applied to it. It is called as electromechanical since
it has moving contacts in the output circuit which
are operated by applying an electrical signal.
 motor control, automotive
applications such as an electrical fuel
pump, industrial applications where
control of high voltages and currents
is intended, controlling large power
loads, and so on.

Components Description What is used for?

IC Socket  the IC is an electronic circuit that consists of
transistors, resistors, capacitors, and inductors
interconnected by metallizations on top of a single
crystal silicone piece.
 The IC socket, also known as a dual-in-line (DIL)
socket, it is used because a chip easily becomes
damaged from heat as a result of soldering and its
short pins are not protected with heat sinks.
 An integrated circuit socket, or IC socket, is
used in devices that include an integrated
circuit (IC). Otherwise known as a chip
 static connectors between integrated
circuits (ICs) and printed circuit boards
(PCBs)
DC Socket  They may be known as "coaxial power connectors",  automobiles and trucks
"barrel connectors", "concentric barrel connectors"
 The socket is typically used for cigarette
or "tip connectors"
lighters, though most modern cars contain
 A connector that is used to supply direct current multiple outlets
power.
 The dc power socket is standard equipment
in cars, portable generators, and small
battery charging packs
Jumper Wire  An electrical wire with a connector pin at each end,  used in connecting components at a
to connect electronic components. breadboard, prototype, or test circuit.

 Used to short circuit an electrical circuit

Breadboard  a plugbook  Used for building temporary circuits

 it allows electronic components to be removed and

replaced easily

 t is useful to the person who wants to build a circuit

to demonstrate its action, then to reuse the
components in another circuit.

 What is a breadboard used for in electronics?

 A thin plastic board used to hold electronic

components (transistors, resistors, chips, etc.) that
are wired together

Prototyping Board  Prototype board provides an array of standard 2.54  A prototype is an early sample, model, or
mm pitch holes which can be used to permanently release of a product built to test a concept
solder electronics onto the board. or process

 A prototype is generally used to evaluate a

new design to enhance precision by system
 analysts and users

Pre-Sensitized Positive (+) Acting PCB  are regular PCB copper clads, layered with a light  It enables you to create a customized design
sensitive paint or film. by shifting/burning the image with a UV
light.

AWG or SWG  American wire gauge/ standard wire gauge  are used to represent the thickness of the
wire in jump rings
 Numerical wire sizes that start with the lowest
numbers (6/0) for the largest sizes. The gauge sizes
are each 26% apart based on the cross sectional
area.

 Sometimes called Brown & Sharpe

Soldering Iron  a hand tool that heats up to a very high  Used in soldering usually electronic
temperature from an electric supply. parts.

 made of a copper core plated with iron. The  Joining metal parts to form a
copper is used for heat transfer and the iron mechanical or electrical bond.
plating is used for durability

 It typically uses a low melting point metal alloy

(solder) which is melted and applied to the
metal parts to be joined and this bonds to the
 metal parts and forms a connection when the
solder solidifies.

Shrinkable Tube  is a shrinkable tube that shrinks radially when  It is an insulate electrical components
exposed to heat from external factors such as moisture,
dust and so on.
 Plastic tubing that shrinks to provide cover.

Pin Header: Male  Is a form of electrical connector. A male pin  Soldered in a circuit board to receive
header consists of one or more rows of metal connection from the pin header female
pins melded into a plastic base, often 2.54 mm
(0.1 in) apart
Pin Header: Female  is a form of electrical connector.
 The female counterparts are sometimes known
as female socket headers
 It is where you plug the male pin header
 Female pin headers are used when you
have a board and you'll either want to
plug another board into it, or use
jumper wires to connect to another
board