The difference between MBBR and activated Sludge

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MBBR (Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor) and activated sludge are two different
wastewater treatment processes that are commonly used to remove organic matter and
nutrients from wastewater. Here are the main differences between MBBR and
activated sludge:

Treatment Principle:

Activated Sludge: In activated sludge process, wastewater is mixed with a microbial

culture (activated sludge) in an aeration tank. The microorganisms in the activated
sludge, including bacteria and protozoa, break down organic matter in the wastewater
through aerobic biological processes.

MBBR: In MBBR, the treatment is based on the growth of a biofilm on submerged

plastic media carriers. The wastewater flows through the MBBR reactor, and
microorganisms attach to the media surface, forming a biofilm. The biofilm provides
a large surface area for microbial growth, allowing for the treatment of organic matter
and nutrients.

Configuration and Reactor Design:

Activated Sludge: Activated sludge systems typically consist of an aeration tank,

secondary clarifier, and sometimes additional units for nutrient removal. The
microorganisms are suspended in the aeration tank, and settling in the clarifier
separates the activated sludge from the treated wastewater.
MBBR: MBBR reactors are designed with plastic media carriers that provide a surface
for the growth of biofilm. The media carriers move freely within the reactor, creating
mixing and aeration. Typically, MBBR systems include multiple reactor stages in
series for enhanced treatment.

Biomass Retention:

Activated Sludge: In activated sludge, a portion of the biomass (activated sludge) is

returned from the secondary clarifier to the aeration tank to maintain an active
microbial population.

MBBR: MBBR systems do not typically rely on biomass recirculation. The media
carriers provide a fixed surface for biofilm growth, and excess biomass is removed by
sloughing off from the media surface or through a separate clarification process.

Operational Flexibility and Load Handling:

Activated Sludge: Activated sludge systems are generally more sensitive to changes
in influent characteristics and can require more operator control and monitoring. They
may take longer to respond to load changes.

MBBR: MBBR systems can provide more operational flexibility and can handle
varying organic loads and shock loads more effectively. The biofilm on the media
carriers provides a more stable and resilient microbial population.

Footprint and Expansion:

Activated Sludge: Activated sludge systems typically require larger land area due to
the need for secondary clarifiers and larger aeration tanks.

MBBR: MBBR systems can be more compact and require less space due to the high
biomass concentration achieved in the biofilm. They can be easily expanded by adding
more MBBR reactor modules.
Both activated sludge and MBBR have their advantages and are suitable for different
applications and treatment goals. The choice between the two depends on factors such
as effluent quality requirements, wastewater characteristics, operational flexibility,
space availability, and specific project considerations.