Module 7 Assignment 1: Case Study Ani Lea Leconte Walden University NURG6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Dr. Dr. Elisabeth Anne Buchanan May 5, 2023Module 7 Assignment: Case Study Analysis Considering the factors surrounding patient’s health when it comes to infections and. hematologic disorders is very important to disease diagnosis and treatment in these arcas (McCance & Huether, 2018). ‘This paper examines 67-year-old female patient who came to the facility with shortness of breath, significant weight loss, numbness, general body weakness, and fatigue: unsteady when walking. Her temperature was of 98.7F, 22 respirations, 108/64: blood pressure level, PaO? of 95% at room air, and a pulse of 118. She was pale (in her eyes and palate) and anxious. Her tongue was beefy and slightly swollen. She reported a soft murmur (despite her regular cardiac rate), high plasma iron and ferritin with normal TIBC and folate. Symptoms and Diagni q e signs and symptoms reported by patient are consistent with pernicious anemia, including: fatigue, general body weakness, palpated liver edge, unexplained weight loss, paleness in various areas and, muscle weakness, and unsteady gait (Htut et al., 2021). In contrast to iron deficiency anemia, a person experiencing pernicious anemia can exhibit an unexplained weight gain and low energy levels (Shubham et al., 2020). Anemia involves the abnormal presence of large red blood cells. Cappellini et al., (2020) refer to microcytic anemia when the condition involves smaller red blood cells, usually due to iron deficiency. Macrocytic anemia involves an abnormal presence of large red blood cells, some of them include: megaloblasts, usually caused by a lack of folic acid or vitamin B12; non-megaloblasts, in which the size of red blood cells increases, depending on their formation or their membranes in the general process (Wicifiski et al., 2021). Other probable causes of anemia include: iver cirrhosis, hypothyroidism, or an increased circulating reticulocytes after hemolysis or deterioration of red blood cells. causing episodes of acute bleeding (Chaparro & Suchdey, 2019).‘The Factors that Affect Fertility (STDs) The reason why STDs can have a negative effect on fertility, involves the damage they can cause on the reproductive system’s organs, particularly in the case of PID (Smolarc7yk et al., 2021), 0 et al. (2020) point out that PID can produce scars on the patient’s fallopian tubes, which complicates the fertilization process, up to the point of leading to an ectopic pregnancy, due to the fact that the egg was not able to reach the uterus. Some authors mention that other common STDs like Chlamydia or Gonorrhea (present in this patient's case) can also make the ‘woman infertile, by compromising the eggs’ movement (Yagur et al., 2021). ‘The Rise of Inflammatory Markers STD/PID. White blood cells (WBC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are known as inflammatory markers; most of the STDs and PID in particular have bacteria acting as infectious agents, making the body to increase their levels to counter the infection (Bain, 2021). Chen et al. (2018) state that WBC proliferation in the body fighting the infection is what causes inflammation. The C-reactive protein (synthesized by the liver) in high levels, can also cause inflammation, in this, case, the adnexal tendemess (located on the uterus area), being consistent with PID symptomatology (Charvériat & Fritel, 2019). In sum, the inflammation is an immune response to fight an infection derived from an STD that might compromise the person's fertility. Why Prostatitis and Infection Happens Prostatitis is usually the consequence of a bacterial infection (which any bacteria can cause) of the area through the urine seep in the urinary tract (Su et al., 2020). Some sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) also contribute in this condition, for instance, chlamydia and gonorthea (Stamatiou et al., 2021). Injuries in nerves located in the lower urinary tract (due to surgical procedures or trauma) may also lead to a non-bacterial prostatitis (Wessells, 2021).The Need of a Splenectomy After ITP Diagnosis Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), is a type of hematologic disorder in which the blood does not clot as it should, because the platelet count is low (Cooper & Ganima, 2018). Platelets les et al. (2018) note that, are tiny blood cells produced in the bone marrow (Bain, 2021). 8 in cases of ITP, the immune organs produce antibodies against the platelets, causing the spleen to recognize the person's body's own platelets as foreign cells and destroy them, Patients with IPT ‘may remain asymptomatic, or present with persistent cutaneous bleeding (Semple et al. 2020). According to Finianos et al. (2021) splenectomy is considered the treatment with the highest long-term complete remission rate, however, it ean be a high-risk intervention in the ease of severe chronic ITP. Considering that a small number of patients can spontaneously improve or alleviate, it is not recommended to proceed before six months after diagnosis (Chaturvedi etal, 2018). There is no clear predictor of the patients’ response, which in many of them is positive, up to the point that some maintain a normal platelet count within five years (Tada et al., 2018). Reappearances occur in the first two years after splenectomy, Ithough there appears to be no definitive stabilizing effect (Finianos et al., 2021). Incidence in healthcare outcomes is related to factors such as obesity, advanced age, and chronic multiple pathology in ITP patients, but do not define specific contraindications for that procedure.References Bain, B. J. (2021). Blood cells: a practical guide. John Wiley & Sons. Cappellini, M. 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