English

Adverbs are words used to modify verbs. Adverbs may also modify adjectives and other adverbs.
1. I went to the market in the morning.
2. The dog sat lazily in the shade of the tree.
3. The man grumbled loudly while cleaning the table.
4. I often visit my grandparents.
5. It is extremely hot today.
6. Please wait patiently.
7. The technician fixed the problem easily.
8. They serve hot pan cakes there.
9. I am waiting here for my daughter.
10. He laughed merrily.
11. We will leave today.
12. She is standing outside.
Identifying Prepositional Phrases Worksheet
Directions: Underline the prepositional phrase in each sentence below. Example A- My dad was over the hill
when he turned fifty-one years old.
Answer- over the hill
1. We walked up the stairs.
2. My mom took a walk around the block.
3. I looked under my bed.
4. The girl looked behind the door for her friend who was hiding.
5. Don’t leave without your coat.
6. During lunch we had a basketball tournament.
7. The car traveled at a high speed.
8. For a fraction of the cost you can buy a watermelon.
9. The boy tried to finish the race at any cost.
10. At noon we all went to lunch.
11. He is in jeopardy of not graduating.
12. The man sat on top of the historic rock.
13. The baseball was just out of reach from the boy.
14. I was proven innocent by virtue of the law.
15. I made the cookies by hand.
Answers: 1. up the stairs 2. around the block 3. under the bed 4. behind the door 5. without your coat 6. had a
basketball tournament 7. at a high speed 8. for a fraction 9. at any cost 10. went to lunch 11. is in jeopardy 12. on top of
the historic rock 13. from the boy 14. by virtue of the law 15. by hand

What are the seven coordinating conjunctions?

In grammar, a conjunction connects words, phrases or two clauses together in a sentence. For clauses, the two
need to make sense on their own for it to be grammatically correct.

These conjunctions are:

 and;
 but;
 for;
 nor;
 or
 so;
 and yet
subordinating conjunction such as after, before, once, although, as if, as, because

________________1The chair is broken, so we tried to fix it.

_______________ 2. We have a lot to do, and no one wants to do any work.

_______________ 3. The car works after you put gasoline in it.

_______________ 4. The sandwich is delicious, so I’m buying another one.

_______________ 5. I am calling you because I need to talk to you about a problem.

_______________ 6. You can return the coat if it doesn’t fit you well.

_______________ 7. Owen has a lot of friends, for he is kind and outgoing.

_______________ 8. The dog drinks water while he waits for his owner to walk him.

_______________ 9. The principal loves to go to school, but he doesn’t like to work there on the weekends.
_______________ 10. Once we get to California, we will go to the beach.

_______________ 11. We lost the game, but we had a great time playing with our friends.

_______________ 12. The shirt was white, yet it looked yellow in the sunlight.

What Are the Elements of a Story?

Here are the five most important elements of a story.
Characters
Characters are important elements of the story. The entire story revolves around the life of the
characters. They help in developing the story into an interesting one. Authors create fun and full of life
characters so that the readers can enjoy their life. Readers also tend to relate to the characters a lot.
The author introduces the characters by giving details about their appearances and personality. Every
story has one main character and one evil character. They are known as protagonist and antagonist.
Their actions and behaviors lead towards the conflict and climax of the story. Without these
characters, the story is incomplete.
Setting
The setting of the story refers to the culture, place, location, and environment of the story. It plays a
huge role in the development of the story. The author introduces the settings by giving details
regarding the surroundings of the characters. Many stories contain unusual settings such as fantasy
world that grab the interest of the readers
Plot
The plot is the storyline. It refers to the series of events that happen in the story. The plot should be
written in a way that is clear to the readers. Readers do not like complexities in understanding the
plot. With a clear start, middle, and end, the readers can make sense of the plot.

Conflict
Conflict is the most interesting part of the story. It is the part where the main character faces some
sort of difficulty. The difficulty is either created by the antagonist or natural disaster. The conflict
revolves around the character's struggles to make everything better and normal.
Resolution
Resolution is the ending part of the story. It tells you the consequences of all the actions taken by
different characters in the story. Usually, the author mentions a message for the readers in the end.
Examples of Literary Elements
Literary elements occupy an important and significant place in literature and without their presence a
writer cannot create what he or she aims to convey to the readers. Most of the students get confused
between literary elements and literary techniques. It must be kept in mind that they both are not
synonymous. Literary elements help the readers in understanding the literature and without knowing
these completely, cannot understand literature at all. Some of the most important elements of
literature are plot, characters, theme, and tone. These are discussed in detail below:
Plot
A plot is the most basic element of any piece of literature that describes the events and happenings
that proceed the overall story till the end. These events are related to each other in a certain order.
The plot serves as the basis of the content and the presence of a literary text is impossible without its
existence. There are different types of plots and all of those have a certain way through which they
 carry out the story. No matter what form of plot you choose, crafting it with clarity and perfection is
essential to a work's effectiveness.
Characters
A character can either be a person, an animal, or even a thing around which the content revolves. It is
a very important element of literature and fictional texts cannot be written without a character. It is
essential to include only those characters in a work that are related to the plot as a lot of extra
characters might make the work boring to the readers.
Themes
A theme is another important element in literature as the content without any theme is regarded as
impractical and useless. Theme of the content is its idea, message or any other important information
that the writer wants to convey through his writing.

Idioms are word combinations that have a different figurative meaning than the literal meanings of each
word or phrase. They can be confusing for kids or people learning a language as they don't mean what
they say.

Everyday Idioms
 A grey area – Something unclear
 A rip-off – Too expensive
 Add fuel to the fire – To add more to an existing problem
 As easy as ABC – Something is very easy
 Call it a day – Time to quit
 Cool as a cucumber – To be very calm under stress
 Crack a book – Open up a book and study
 Down to the wire – At the last minute
 Draw a blank – Can’t remember
 Fill in the blanks – Provide more information
 Get a kick out of it – Really enjoy/like something
 Get your act together – Behave properly
 Give it a shot – To try to do something
 Have mixed feelings – Be unsure of how you feel
 Have second thoughts – Have doubts
 In hot water – Be in trouble
 In the same boat – Be in the same situation
 It’s in the bag – It’s a certainty
 I've got your number – To say you can't be fooled by someone since you have them figured out
 Miss the boat – You missed your chance
 Mumbo jumbo – To call something total nonsense
 Out of the blue – With no warning
 Pass with flying colors – To succeed at something easily
 Piece of cake – Something very easy
 Read between the lines – Find the hidden meaning
 Second to none – The best
 The icing on the cake – Something additional that turns good into great

Body Part Idioms

 Cross your fingers – For good luck
 Fell on deaf ears – People wouldn't listen to something
 Get cold feet – Be nervous
 Giving the cold shoulder – Ignore someone
 Have a change of heart – Changed your mind
 I’m all ears – You have my full attention
 It cost an arm and a leg – It was expensive
 Play it by ear – Improvise
 See eye to eye – Agree
 Slipped my mind – I forgot
 Speak your mind – Say what you really feel

Animal Idioms
 A bull in a china shop - Someone who is very clumsy
  A little birdie told me - Someone told me a secret
 Bee in her bonnet - She is upset
 Birdbrain - Someone who is not very smart
 Busy as a bee – To be very active and working hard at something
 Cat got your tongue? - Why aren’t you talking?
 Cry crocodile tears - To pretend to be upset
 Curiosity killed the cat - Asking too many questions may get you in trouble
 Different kettle of fish - Something completely different
 Doggy bag - A bag to take home leftovers from a restaurant
 Fish out of water - Being somewhere you don’t belong
 For the birds - Something that is not worth anything
 Get off your high horse - Quit thinking you are better than others
 Goose is cooked - Now you’re in trouble
 Hold your horses - Wait a minute
 Horse of a different color - Something that is quite different, a separate issue
 Hot dog - A person doing athletic stunts that are dangerous
 Let the cat out of the bag - Tell a secret
 Make a mountain out of a molehill - Make something unimportant into a big deal
 Night owl - Someone who stays up late
 Pig out - To eat a lot
 Put a bug in his ear - Make a suggestion
 Raining cats and dogs - It is raining very hard
 Snail's pace – To move extremely slow
 Stir a hornet's nest – To cause a lot of trouble
 Teacher's pet – The teacher's favorite student
 The world is your oyster – You can achieve whatever/go wherever you want
 When pigs fly - To say something is impossible
 Wolf in sheep’s clothing - A person who pretends to be nice but is not
 You can't teach an old dog new tricks - It’s harder for older people to learn new things

 A SIMPLE SENTENCE has one independent clause.

A COMPOUND SENTENCE has two independent clauses joined by

        A.  a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so),

        B.  a conjunctive adverb (e.g. however, therefore), or

        C.  a semicolon alone.

A COMPLEX SENTENCE has one dependent clause (headed by a subordinating conjunction or a relative

pronoun ) joined to an independent clause
1. The children wore their dirty boots. 
2. It was time for bed, yet it was still light outside.
3. The front door was locked, so she entered through the back.
4. They took a lot of pictures when they visited Montana.
5. After the show began, he sat very quietly.
6. The girl was wearing a red dress.
7. He was playing on his computer.
8. Georges would like to play, for he is the best player on the team.
9. Before the bell rings, the student lined up at the door.
10. We turned off the lights.
11. We turned off the lights, and we went to sleep.
12. We turned off the lights after our mom told us to go to sleep.

Science

Mercury
Mercury is the first of the four terrestrial planets. This means it is a planet made mostly of rock. The planets
closest to the Sun—Venus, Earth, and Mars—are the other three.

Mercury is the smallest of the terrestrial planets. It has an iron core that accounts for about 3/4 of its diameter.
Most of the rest of the planet is made up of a rocky crust.

Because it is so close to the Sun, it is very difficult to see Mercury. A NASA mission called Messenger is
expected to begin orbiting the planet in 2011. It is expected that this will help us learn a great deal more about
this rarely seen planet.

Venus
Of all the planets, Venus is the one most similar to Earth. In fact, Venus is often called Earth's “sister” planet.
As similar as it is in some ways, however, it is also very different in others.

Earth and Venus are similar in size. The two planets are very close to each other as they orbit the Sun; because
of this, Venus is the most visible planet in the night sky. Both planets are relatively young, judging from the
lack of craters on their surfaces

Earth
The Earth is the only planet known where life exists. Almost 1.5 million species of animals and plants have
been discovered so far, and many more have yet to be found. While other planets may have small amounts of
ice or steam, the Earth is 2/3 water. Earth has perfect conditions for a breathable atmosphere.

Earth is the largest of the terrestrial planets and the fifth largest in the solar system. It is believed to be about 4.5
billion years old, which makes it very young compared to other celestial bodies!

Mars
No planet has sparked the imaginations of humans as much as Mars. It may be the reddish color of Mars, or the
fact that it can often be easily seen in the night sky, that has caused people to wonder about this close neighbor
of ours. Tales of “Martians” invading Earth have been around for well over fifty years. But is it likely that any
kind of life really does exist on Mars?

Scientists aren't sure. Life as we know it couldn't survive there. Even so, there is evidence that there may be
water on Mars. The presence of methane, which may be given off by organisms, provides another clue.
Number of Moons:Two, called Deimos and Phobos.

Jupiter
The planet Jupiter is the first of the gas giant planets. Made mostly of gas, they include Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,
and Neptune.

Jupiter is first among the planets in terms of size and mass. Its diameter is 11 times bigger than Earth, and its
mass is 2.5 times greater than all the other planets combined. The “Great Red Spot” on Jupiter is actually a
raging storm.

Saturn
Most people know about the rings around Saturn, because they are the brightest and most colorful. These rings
are made mainly out of ice particles orbiting the planet. While the rings themselves seem big, the particles are
very small, usually no more than 10 feet (3 meters) wide.

Saturn is the second largest planet. It is the farthest planet from the Earth that can be seen without a telescope. It
appears flat at the poles because its great rotational speed makes the middle of the planet bulge.

Uranus
Uranus is the first planet so far away from the Earth that it can only be seen with the use of a telescope. When it
was first discovered in 1781, scientists didn't know what they had found. As astronomers studied the object
more closely, they discovered that it had a circular orbit around the Sun. They had found the seventh planet.

Uranus is so far from the Sun that it takes 84 years to complete an orbit of the Sun. It is the only planet that
spins on its side, so each pole is tilted away from the Sun for half its orbit. That means each night and day lasts
an amazing 42 years. Imagine staying awake that long! Of course, you'd also get a lot of time to catch up on
your sleep!

Neptune
Imagine being so good at math that you could figure out the location of a planet you had never even seen! That
is what John C. Adams did in 1843 when he discovered Neptune.

Neptune was named after the Roman god of the sea because it is so far out in the deep “sea” of space. The name
also fits because Neptune appears to be a beautiful bright blue because of the methane clouds that surround it.

Difference Between Rotation and Revolution

The table given below provides the basic differences between rotation and revolution.

Rotation Revolution

Revolution is the movement of the Earth around

Rotation of the Earth is turning on its axis.
the Sun.

The Earth takes 24 hours to complete a rotation with The Earth takes a full year (365 days) for one
respect to the sun. complete revolution around the Sun

The Earth’s axis of rotation is tilted by 23.5 degrees. The path of the Earth moving around the Sun is
This tilt causes the different seasons of the year. called an orbit. The Earth’s orbit is elliptical.