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Kuliah 7 Perhitungan Effisiensi PLTU (Performence Test)
Kuliah 7 Perhitungan Effisiensi PLTU (Performence Test)
PEMBANGKIT
C12052401
Efisiensi Boiler
Boiler adalah salah satu bagian utama dari sebuah
PLTU yang berfungsi untuk memproduksi uap dengan
temperatur, tekanan dan jumlah tertentu sesuai
dengan design dari PLTU tsb. Sehingga efisiensi yang
optimal merupakan hal yang penting dalam menunjang
efisiensi PLTU secara keseluruhan.
Perhitungan efisiensi boiler dapat dilakukan dengan 2
cara/metode, yaitu metode langsung (Direct Methode)
dan metode tidak langsung (Indirect Methode)
1. Direct Method Boiler Efficiency Calculation
Gen
W 1 x h1 - W 2 x h2
hb =
Hf x W fe + Be
2 be ca use W 1 = W 2 , a nd the n
W 1 (h1 - h2)
hb =
Hf x W fe + Be
Direct Method Boiler Efficiency
for Non Reheat Plant
Gen
W 1 x h 1 - W 2 x h2 - W 3 x h3
hb = Hf x W fe + Be
Tekanan 1
Temperatur
p t
Kg/Cm² ̊C ̊K
Gen
Aliran/Flow Enthalpy 3
m/W h
Kg/sec, ton/h kcal, kJ
W 1 x h 1 - W 2 x h2 - W 3 x h3
hb = Hf x W fe + Be
5
LP LP
6 HP IP Gen
8
2
3
Blow dow n 9 7
4 10
(W 1 - W 5) x (h1 - h4) + W 5 (h1 - h7) + W 2 (h3 - h2) + W 6 (h3 - h7) + W 8 (h8 - h4)
hb = Hf x W fe + Be
Direct Method Boiler Efficiency
for Reheat Plant
Parameter yang akan dipantau untuk perhitungan
Boiler efisiensi dengan metode langsung adalah :
O2
GCV = 14.540 C + 61.500 ( H2 + ) + 4.000 S
8
Where :
C = weight of Carbon in fuel (lb C per lb fuel)
H = weight of hydrogen in Fuel (lb H per lb fuel)
O = weight of Oxygen in fuel (lb O per lb fuel)
S = weight of Sulphur in fuel (lb S of lb fuel)
Dry Flue Gas Loss (Ldg)
Where :
mf = weight of moisture in as fired fuel
hgout = enthalpy of steam leave air heater 1)
hRw = enthalpy of moisture in fired fuel inlet
Notes:
1) this enthalpy is taken from steam table with partial pressure
(about 1 psia as ASME) and flue gas temperature
Unburned Carbon Loss (LUC)
LUC = Wdr’ x Hdr’
where :
Wdr’ = weight of total dry refuse per weight of as fired fuel
Hdr’ = heating value of refuse
Where :
WmA = weight of moisture per weight of dry air at fan inlet
WA’ = weight of dry air per weight of as fired fuel
hgout = enthalpy of steam leave air heater outlet (see note on
previous page)
hRv = enthalpy of saturated vapor at the air inlet
WG’N2 - N
WA’ =
0.7685
28.02 N2 12.01 S
WG’N2 =
12.01 ( CO2 + CO )
( Cb +
32.07
)
Moisture from H2 in Fuel Loss (LH)
Description Values
Calo rific Value HHV 22639.0 kJ/kg A F fuel 100.0%
Dry flue gas lo sses Ldg 872.993 kJ/kg A F fuel 3.856%
M o ist. fro m fuel lo sses Lmf 581.874 kJ/kg A F fuel 2.570%
Hydro gen fro m fuel lo sses LH 874.380 kJ/kg A F fuel 3.862%
M o ist. fro m air lo sses LmA 26.661 kJ/kg A F fuel 0.118%
Unburned Carbo n lo sses LUC 96.764 kJ/kg A F fuel 0.427%
Rad & o ther lo sses LB + Lum 76.972 kJ/kg A F fuel 0.340%
B o iler Efficiency hB kJ/kg A F fuel 88.826%
Efisiensi Turbin
Gen
Gen
2
(W 1 - W 3) x (h1 - h2) + W 3 (h1 - h3)
Pgen
Direct Method Boiler Efficiency
for Non Reheat Plant
Tekanan 1
Temperatur
p t
Kg/Cm² ̊C ̊K
Gen
Aliran/Flow Enthalpy 3
m/W h
Kg/sec, ton/h kcal, kJ
W 1 x h 1 - W 2 x h2 - W 3 x h3
hb = Hf x W fe + Be
5
LP LP
6 HP IP Gen
2
3
8
4 Blow dow n 9
Calculate:
Turbine Heat Rate?
Calculation
By using steam table (remember we have to put absolute pressure data to find enthalpy)
entalpy of main steam (h1) = 3413.9 kJ/kg
enthalpy of final feedwater (h2) = 1095.4 kJ/kg
enthalpy of sh spray (h3) = 663.6 kJ/kg
Feedwater flow calculation
W2 = W1 - W3 = 410,000 - 10,000 = 400,000 kg/h