RESEARCH culture in Pakistan is generally lacking among graduate and postgraduate students.

Students
do not know the critical thinking and analysis. Students are focused on reading material and do not
develop their own opinions and arguments based on research.

However, research in Pakistan starts in universities for graduate or post-graduate programmes. This
creates difficulties for a student, for he is not familiarised with research methodologies. Research work
should start at college level to develop research skills. Pakistan’s education system is already way behind
international standards.

Moreover, our universities have few research centres and those too are ill-equipped. As a result,
research conducted there is of low quality. Lack of funds for research is another bottleneck, especially
for PhD research programmes.

The government should launch schemes and funds for students who are interested in research.

In 2019, number of researchers in R&D for Pakistan was 382.9 per million people. Number of researchers
in R&D of Pakistan increased from 157 per million people in 2007 to 382.9 per million people in 2019
growing at an average annual rate of 18.75%.

poor standard of faculty and lack of training/capacity building;.low enrollment in higher

education;.minimal relevance of higher education to national needs and lack ofcompatibility to
international standards;.low quality of research and lack of relevance to national requirements;
and.poor governance of universitie

Universities in developed countries have an established research

culture. The research output of academia greatly contributes
towards the development of these countries.