PROTEIN

o are complex
biomolecules that
contain amino acids
linked together by
peptide bonds.

o Considered as the most versatile molecules, since

it served numerous essential function in the
biological processes.
o They can perform as catalyst, antibodies, enzyme,
contractile proteins, hormonal proteins, structural
proteins, and transport protein.
 PROTEIN
Function of Protein
o Catalyst – speed up the chemical processes
o Antibodies – a protective protein produced by the
immune system in response to the presence of foreign
materials in the body
o Enzyme – regulate the rate of the chemical reaction
process
o Contractile proteins – regulate the contraction of the
muscle and other non-muscle cells.
o Hormonal proteins - act to control or regulate specific
physiological processes, like growth development,
metabolism, and reproduction
o Structural proteins - maintain cell shape, like the skeleton,
and they compose structural elements in connective tissues
o Transport protein - serves the function of moving other
materials within an organism.
PROTEIN
Amino Acid
o the building blocks of protein
o composed of a central carbon bonded to
hydrogen ( H ), a carboxyl group (–COOH),
an amino group ( –NH2), and side chain R.

https://www.toppr.com/guides/chemistry/biomolecule/amino-acids/
PROTEIN Essential amino acids
Amino Acid
o There are some 20 amino acids in the proteins
that we consume.

The 20 Amino Acids https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-biology1/chapter/reading-amino-acids/

 PROTEIN PROTEIN STRUCTURE
- There are four (4) levels of
structure in protein
o Primary Structure – the linear
sequence of the amino acids
o Secondary Structure – spatial
arrangement of the polypeptide
chain of the protein.
- The most common types of
secondary structures are the α
helix (coiled spring or loops ) and
the β pleated sheet (structure that
provides plenty of space for the
side chains)

4 Protein Level Structure

https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Protein-Folding.aspx
 PROTEIN
o Tertiary Structure – refers to
the final 3-dimensional of a
single polypeptide molecule
where the α helix and the β
pleated sheet are folded
forming a globular protein.

o Quaternary Structure – made

up of multiple polypeptide
chains, also known as subunits.
An example of this structure is
hemoglobin.

4 Protein Level Structure

https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Protein-Folding.aspx