Ill CHAPTER 1 IThe Basics of Reading Music

PRACTICE BOX 1.7 Rhythmic exercises are often written on a single line staff without a clef sign. Write the
counts under these lines of music, and then clap and count each line aloud.

l.
t r r i lr r r lr i r lo II
2.
erri lr r r r lr i r lr i II
3.
tr r r r lr r i lr rrr lr i II

Rhythms for Practice

For extra practice, clap and count these longer exercises in common time.

1. t rrr Ir rr rrrrIr r Irrr Irr r rr rI

I I
0
II
2
. t r r rr rr r rrrrIr r Ir rrIr rr r rrrI
I I I
0
II
3
. t 0
IrrrrIi r rI 0
Ii i I 0
Ir r i Ii i II
4
. t r r rr rr r rrr Irrr Ir r r r r r r r rI
I I I I
0
II

s. t 0
Ir r I 0
I rrrr rrr I rrr I rr rI
I
0
II
6
. t rrrr rrrr rrr Ir rr Ir r rIr rrIr rrI
I I
0
II
7
. e r r r Irrrr r r r Irrr Ir r rIr r Ir r rI
I
0
II

s. c rrrr rrrr r r r Irrr Irrrr rrrrIr r r r rr II

I I I I
 Aural Skills II
The final item to mention about rhythmic notation concerns bar lines. The bar lines
divide the music into segments of equal length, but the final bar line of a piece of music
is written in a special manner. This symbol is called a douhle bar line, and it may consist of
two thin lines or a thin line followed by a thick line. You have already seen several double
bar lines, such as in the exercises in Practice Boxes 2.6 and 2.7. When you write a double
bar line in your own manuscripts, you typically will write two thin lines because it is easier
and faster.

Rhythms for Practice

For extra practice, clap and count these exercises in a variety of time signatures.

1. 0
II

2.
II

3.
I rrr I r I r r r· I II

4.
II

5. o· 0
II

6.
r II

7.
ii i I II

8.
II
 Aural Skills II
Rhythms for Practice
For extra practice, clap and count these exercises.

1. i i i r+r Ui I rrr==+r U U I r·- IT· II

2
. t D Iu u u u Ir ur utD r· r r I r· Dr· II
3
. i i. I r r. DI r. DU I i r I U U r II
4
. i r r I r· DI U U I U U I r r I Dr·=t-r r I i II

s. i U I r r. D+r i I U U r I 1 r r I r. Dr I 1 r II
6
. t Dr. r r I U U U U I r. Dr. DI 7 r. 1 U I i. r II

?. t D I r r U r I 1 U 1 7 D=t-r i U I U U r· II

s. i U U 7
DI U D7 U I U 7
DU I U U r II
 Aural Skills IJI
Rhythms for Practice
For extra practice, clap and count these exercises.

1. r 6! 6! I 6! D r I 6! D 6! D I 6! r· II

l. r r rrr4r r r Ir r r r r r Ir r 0
II

3
. ¢ r Ir 1 r I 1 r 1 r I r· r r F P'r I II

4
· r I r· D Ig 1 D. Ir g g l1 D II

s. 6J 6J D I 61 1 61 I D. D I 61 r II

6
. !U I r r· D II U u+u r· D I i II

7
. D--61 D--61 I r. D I D--61 D D I 6! 1 1 DII
8
. r rrrrr rrI r· r r· r rr- rr- I rrr r-t
I I II
CHAPTER 5 ITriads and Figured Bass

Rhythms for Practice

For extra practice, clap and count these exercises.

1. D 6f D---6f 6f ID. D I D 6! D II
2
. i 0 Ir U U U Ir· D--U 7 DIr· Dr· DIr r r II
3
. i r r ID7 7 DDr DIDr. Dr. Ir i U IU r II
4
. r rr Ir r--r r Ir rrr r4r r· r Ir II

s. 1 r 1 r r 1 1 r Ii - r i r Ii 0
i Io-r r i II

6. 6!--r· Ig g-r Ig g D. I6! g g D II

7
. U ( tU D. Ir-u I' D II

8. i D7 D7 U I 7 D 7 r. IU I 7 DIr. D r II
II CHAPTER 6 IThe Basics of Diatonic Harmony

Rhythms for Practice

For extra practice, clap and count these exercises.

II

4.
If r· -· r· -· I o·
r· r· I r· o·
r· II

5.
! r· r· r· I o· -· I r· r· r<=ro· r· II

6.
r· I r· I r· I (===t'r· II

II
 Aural Skills

Rhythms for Practice

For extra practice, clap and count these exercises.

l. R r· · ar I' u'u Dtr D· r· Ir· ' ur· II

3
. gD ' Dr DI Dr r r Ir Dr DI . r. II
4
. i r. r. Dr r. I ' r Di. ID' DD' Dr DDr I LU r Di. II

s. r r r r r r r r r Ir - r r Ir· r· II
I

6
. 1f rrrrr·r·1 rrrrr rrr·1 r r r·rrrI rrrrrrrrr·11
7
. ! r· - r4r r r· rrrI rr rrrr r+r r rr r· II
8
. & 66161 'U I I U U l66f U D. II
 Aural Skills

Sing the following exercises in a variety of minor keys.

2. I J1 !J J I D B J Iil Gd IJ1 !J J II
v

3
· I J1 !J J I ]0 B J Iil EJ J IJ1 !J J II
IV V

Rhythms for Practice

Practice these longer rhythms in compound meters.

1. ITJ r D IITJ r· I7 U 7
U I D ITJ I
r· r 7 r IU 7
U 7
Ir D DIr Dr· II

2
. r Dr· r DIr Dar r· I ar · Dr IDr ar r· I

r DL1 7 U Iar Dr r DICIJ 7 D7 7 D7 Iar 7 U r· II

3
. wr Dr· r Dr· Irrr r· rrr 7
1 Dr Dr cur· I Du 7
urrr I

Dr r· Dr r Dl r· W 7 D77 D7 1Dr r· rrrr· IDr WDr r· II

4. &o o I
0 0 I7 7 lg U I0 D. II
 CHAPTER 8 I Root Movement by Fifth

s. A 661 661 7 . IU 7
. U I 7. r ! I'6! '6! '6! I
U 6Q'U ID· wulu f twD· D. II

6
. li I ID. 7. IU D. W D. I

'6f'6f'D W''6fD. ID. D. '6fD. I W'W'r· II

Introduction to Two-Part Rhythms

The following rhythms involve tapping simultaneously with both hands. Each hand will
tap a unique rhythm. Tap the upper staff with the right hand and the lower staff with the
left hand. In other words, the exercises should be read as if they were music for the piano.

PRACTICE BOX 8.9 Practice one hand at a time, then hands together.

1. I; : : :
2

I: : :; r : : r :

J. I: : : :r :
 Aural Skills

Two-Part Rhythms for Practice

For extra practice, clap and count these exercises.

1. I: J J : r r: J J : r :

l. I: : ; ;: J :; r :

J. I: ; J J r: J; r: r J r:
4

. I: · J J : J r : :· J J ::

5. I: ; : ({ ; : ::

6. I; ; : j : : : :: ::
IJD CHAPTER 9 I Root Movement by Second

Chords
Sing the following chord progressions, which use a variety of cadences.

Ia do mi do Ia

1. tiq j1 f) J ID B J IfJ fJ J I J1 fJ J II
Dmajor: I ii v vi

2.
I j1 EJ J lp fJ J 1]1 1] J I j1 f) J II
Fmajor: I IV v vi

nB J
le do me do le
3.
I j1 fJ J I lg-p fJ J lp fJ J II
Dminor: i iio v VI

4.
I j1 fJ J I nB J lg-p fJ J Ji3 fJ J III

Dminor: iio v I

Two-Part Rhythms for Practice

Tap and count these two-part exercises, which contain divisions of the beat in simple
meters.

1. 1: :
2. I: : :::: ! pp : ::

3. I: ; : : : ; p: : : :
 Aural Skills II
Rhythms for Practice
For extra practice, tap and count these exercises.

1. I: ;: : :: r· : ;: :

l. I :· · : · u r : · :· : u :: :

:
. :

5. :· :
6

. : : :
 Aural Skills II
Rhythms for Practice
For extra practice, clap and count these exercises.

1. e 666TatU ul W6U r rr·I6U 6U Wr 1666Tr i II

l. e ararr arl UUUr Ii U bUfl r ati II
3
. e Dr D6Tr 6fl atW6U rr·l r II
4
. e r· bf'U U I IU ararrr·l bWbWUr II

s. e D7 i 666f'l w 7 bf'r r Ir :tw:twr 6rifU II

6
. e i 7
bfblll D7 7 bfr U IUU 7 btU Ir 7 D--U r II
7
. e rrr Ii 666f'1WI r wWr I6W6W 7 Dr II
8
. e 6U wr· bf'l r 6W 7 Dul aar r r r I 7 6f' 7 Darr II
BD CHAPTER 16 I Suspensions, Retardations, and Anticipations

PRACTICE BOX 16.4 It may be helpful to tap your foot or practice these rhythms with a metronome to
ensure steadiness of the beat.

3 3 3 3

1. e 0 J JJ0 J J J 10 J JJ0 J J J 11
1 & 21oli3 & 41oli 1 & 21oli3 & 41oli

3 3 3 3

2. e JJJ0 JJJ0 IJ J JJJ JJ0 II

3 ,----3 -----, 3 3 ,---- 3 -----,

3. e J JJJ J j) J J J 10 J J J J j) 0 11

Rhythms for Practice

For extra practice, clap and count these exercises.

3 3 3 3

1. e J. j)ill J 1ill n J. j)l J t ill n 1ill n j II

3 3 .---3---, 3

2. e n t ill t 1J. j)D ill 1J 7 7 n1j)J. ill n II

3 3 .--3---, 3 .---3--,

3. e t ill t ill 1t n t n 1J j)n ill 7JJ J II

n mn mn mm J. j) 1J 7j)1mn 1J
3 3 3 3 3

4. iJ 1 1 1 1 11
3 3 3

5. mJ 1nmn 1J. J. j)1J 11

m1j)J. m1J j)J j)j)J1DIDJ II

3 3 3 3 .--3--, .--3---, .---3---, 3

6. 7j)7j)ID 1.4JJ
CHAPTER 17 I Introduction to Seventh Chords

Harmony
Sing the following exercises in four-part harmony. All of them contain seventh chords.

l. 2.
I I I I

r i r I I r r r r r rr r
. J J _J_ I I I I I

I I I I r I I

3. 4.
I I I I I I I I I

' r
J 1 J
1 r i
J
r r r r i r rr
( .
-e- I I J I I I I

I I I
r I I I I I I I
I

Rhythms for Practice

Practice these rhythms in simple meters. All contain borrowed divisions of the beat. Notice
that, in meters in which the half note gets the beat, the triplet figure is not beamed because
the notes that make up the figure are quarter notes.

m m n n m j) m n
3 3 3 3

1. j) j) 1
j) j) 1 1 11

,---3----, ,--- 3 ----, ,--- 3 ----, ,---3----, ,---3----,

n mn m .n mn m m m n
3 3 3 3

3. 11
1 1 1

3 3 3 3 3 3

4. e 7 j)7 j)illD 1 J 1 1 11

,---- 3 -----, ,----3 -----, r - - - 3 -----, r - - - 3 -----,

 Aural Skills

.a mn .a n j) mm
3 3 3 3 3

6.
1 1
j) .a j) mmj)
1
11

,----- 3 -----, ,-----3 -----, .---- 3 -----, ,----- 3 -----, .---- 3 -----,

3 3 3 3

8. )ffl)m 1nn)nlmnmnlnnn)ll

Two-Part Rhythms for Practice

For extra practice, tap and count these exercises.

I. 1: :
z. 1: :
J. 1:

4. 1: :
CHAPTER 17 I Introduction to Seventh Chords

s. I: brr r :

6.
 Aural Skills ED
Rhythms for Practice
These exercises combine triplet figures with subdivisions in simple meters. You will need to
alternate counting in this manner: one-/a-li, two-e-and-a; or one-e-and-a, two-/a-li. It may
be helpful to tap your foot or practice these exercises with a metronome.

m1J m1mmJ
3 3 3 3 3

1. c n m;mJ 17 .DJ 11

m1 m;mn 1m7 .DJmJ 11

3 3 3 3 3 3

2. c J illJ
3 3 3 3

3. c J m;mm;m mJ nJ 11 1

3 3 3 3 3

4. e mmmm1 .bJ Jjillill11 illJmJ 11

3 3 3

s. i W1 Jm 1ill.Fm7 .D 1mmm 1JmWn II

3 3 3

6. i J_OJ 1.DJ .Dm 1mm m 11

3 ,---- 3 -----, 3 3

7· i Jj j j Q Ii l l 7 n Iill Jj j j J n i l l II I

n Iill J j j j Ifn
3 3 3

8. i J r:;J I J J J n II
CHAPTER 18 I Dominant and Leading-Tone Seventh Chords

Two-Part Rhythms for Practice

Tap these rhythms with both hands. They use simple and compound meters with subdivi-
sions of the beat. There are no borrowed divisions.

I. li r r: :mJ r: : r

l. 1: cr: ,)
 Aural Skills EIJ
PRACTICE BOX 19.4 Clap and count these rhythms, which contain duplets.

2 2 2 2

1. n
l &
J JJI
21oli
n
l &
JJJ JJJ
21oli
I

lloli2
n In & l &
J. II
2&

2 2 2 2

2. .rn 0 I.rn 0 I0 n I J J J J. 11

Rmn n n n n 1mn m n__n

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

3.
1 1
J. 11

Rhythms for Practice

For extra practice, clap and count these exercises.

2 2 2

1. .rn .rn IJ Jy 0 I0 0 Iill ill II

2 2

2· J Jy Jy J I0 J Jy I 0 J Jy Iill J. II

Rmmn 1mmn 1J j'J,J m 1n n m11

2 2 2 2

3.

Rmn m1n mn 1J m m 1mn J.

2 2 2 2 2

4.
11

n mn 1mn J j)n 1J. mn-._;n 1mJ. J

2 2 2 2 2 2

5. wJ. 11
El CHAPTER 19 I Additional Seventh Chords

2 2 2 2

6. w nm J 1
))Dj2imJ nJ 1mnJ 11
The following rhythms contain a combination of duplets and subdivisions in compound
meters.

2 2

7. g jjjjJ ill I0 jjjjJ jjjjjjill

I I0 ill II
2 2 2

8. gh J h 0 1Jj j l 0 10 J Jj j j 1J j J J II

mn m n mn
2 2 2

9. g 1
nJnmJ 1 1
J ))illJ 11

wJ mn jjjjjj JJjjjn m Jm 1Im n JJjjjJ 11

2 2 2

10.
1

.---2---, .---2---,

.--2---, ,--2---, .--2---, .--2---,

 Aural Skills

Rhythms for Practice

Practice the following rhythms, which contain duplets.

.--2---, .--2---,

.--2---, .--2---,

,--2--, ,--2--, ,--2--, ,--2--,

,--2--, ,--2--, .--2--,

limn n m nnn m ,.an n.P.

2 2 2 2

5.
1 1 11

2 2 2 2

mn n4-mn n
2 2

6. & m.P. 11
Ell CHAPTER 20 I Diatonic Modulation

Two-Part Rhythms for Practice

Tap these rhythms with both hands. They use compound meters and subdivisions of the
beat.

I. r:
2

.
II CHAPTER 21 I Introduction to Secondary Dominants

PRACTICE BOX 21.6 Clap and count the following rhythms.

DI[]r bW'r II
le&o2e& o3e&o4e&o

Rhythms for Practice

Practice the following rhythms, which contain doubly dotted notes.

1. e Dr Dr ., r·· i.. 6! I r· 6! 6! r D II

2. u---w Ir·· ClJ Ir ., 6l r I6ll r·· II

3
· i tJ tJ I r·· I (![ rr· I ., 6! C!J I II
 Aural Skills 1111

6
. ! w wa:rl 6:C!flw wr I u a:rll
7
· i a:r 6U Ir·· IUJ u I 7 r· IU u:r II

s. e r r·. r--rr· 6t"""'r· Ir·. 6! I 7 D6U--Llf II

9
. r r r· · DIr u r· · DIr u r u rr rr Ir· · Dr r II
10
. ¢ r· · D Ir· r Ir r r r 7 m ID r·· II
1
1. e 6t6TCUD r· IU arr·· 6U II
12
. i k r r r 1k r r (-=rt · r u 1 r·· 11
 Aural Skills

3. 4.
'I I I I

(
.
r
J
ttl r r
J
r
J J
r
s 1r
J
I I I I r

Rhythms for Practice

Practice these rhythms, which contain doubly dotted notes in a variety of time signatures.

6
. r cw r· r Ir r r rr r·· DIr r r r r cw Ir·· Dr r II
?. carlo·· r lrrcwDr··ll
8. sc· f Ic· f lbrml DDIrr·· Irr·· Imbrl II
II CHAPTER 22 I Secondary Dominants of the Dominant

Two-Part Rhythms for Practice

Practice the following two-part rhythms, which contain doubly dotted notes.

I. 1:
2
. I: r . ;J ]: :
J. 1:
4.
II CHAPTER 23 I Secondary Dominants of the Supertonic and Subdominant

Rhythms for Practice

Clap and count these rhythms, which contain a variety of borrowed divisions.

3 3 ,-- 3 ---, 3 ,-- 3 ---, ,-- 3---, 3

1. e m.qn 1n "Inn 4JI J J 11

3 3 3 3 3 3

2. e Jmw.Ow1 __) 1 nm1 11

,-- 3 ---, ,-- 3 ---, ,- 3 ---, ,-- 3 ---, ,- 3---,

3 3 3 3 3

s. e J .bDill1 1 JmD1
3 3 3 .--3---, .--3---,

6. e

3 3 .--3---,

7. J 1 J 11
r---3---, 3 .---3-----,

s. J I j j I ill j J-==tJ j II
The following exercises include borrowed divisions and subdivisions of the beat in a variety
of simple meters. Clap and count these rhythms.

mn7J mm__ __m

3 3 3 .--3----, 3 3

1. c 1
j]j]J 1
.b 1 11

3 ,--- 3 -----, ,--- 3 -----, ,--- 3-----,

2. :t 7n 1
J 7 1
n m 7 11

,--3-----, 3 ,--3-----, ,--3-----,

3. ! JIJJ J I Jm J I JIJJ J II

n m Q 1 4n m .b
3 .---3-----, 3 3

4. 11 j .b 1 11

3 .-3-----, 3 3 ,--3-----, 3 ,--3-----, ,--3-----,

,--3----, .--3----, 3 3 .--3----,

3 ,-- 3 ---, ,-- 3 ---, ,-- 3 ---,

7. ! IJ II
.---3-----, .---3-----,