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Hydrograph part 1 الهيدروغراف PDF
Hydrograph part 1 الهيدروغراف PDF
ِ ٛ٘ٚخطؾ ٌٍزظش٠ف فِ ٟجشِ ٜبئ٠ ٟزُ رؼٔ ٓ١مبؽٗ ػذ اٌضِٓ ثشىً ِزغٍغً ٚثبالػزّبد ػٍٚ ٝدذح اٌضِٓ اٌّخزبسح.
ٌٕفزشع اْ ٕ٘بن جبث١خ ِؼٕ١خ ٚأٗ لذ رُ أشبء ِذطخ ل١بط ػٕذ ِٕفز ٘زٖ اٌجبث١خ ػٍ ٗ١فبْ رظش٠ف اٌّجش ٜاٌّبئ ٟاٌز٠ ٞظً اٌٝ
ِذطخ اٌم١بط ِٓ ٘زٖ اٌجبث١خ ٠زى ِٓ ْٛصالس ِشوجبد:
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اجزاء الهٍدروغراف
-1الطرف الصاعد )(Rising limb
٠ٚغّ ٝػبدرب ً ِٕذٕ ٟاٌزشو١ض )ّ٠ٚ (Concentration curveضً اٌض٠بدح ف ٟاٌزظش٠ف ثغجت اٌض٠بدح اٌزذس٠ج١خ ف ٟاٌخض ٓ٠فٟ
اٌمٕٛاد ٚاٌّجشٚ ٜفٛق عطخ اٌذٛع اٌّبئٚ .ٟرزذىُ خٛاص اٌذٛع ٚخظبئض اٌؼبطفخ اٌّطش٠خ ثشىً اٌطشف اٌظبػذ.
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فصل الجرٌان القاعدي )(Base-Flow Separation
اْ ٘١ذسٚغشاف اٌجش٠بْ اٌغطذٔ ٟذظً ػٍ ِٓ ٗ١اٌ١ٙذسٚغشاف اٌىٍٚ ٟرٌه ثفظً اٌجش٠بْ اٌغش٠غ ػٓ اٌجش٠بْ اٌجطٟءِٓٚ .
اٌّؼزبد اْ ٔؼزجش اْ اٌجش٠بْ اٌج ٛ٘ (Inter flow) ٟٕ١جضء ِٓ اٌجش٠بْ اٌغطذ ٟا ٞأٗ ٚالغ ػّٓ اٌجش٠بْ اٌغش٠غ ٌٙٚزا ٠زُ
ؽشح اٌجش٠بْ اٌمبػذ ِٓ ٞاٌ١ٙذسٚغشاف اٌىٌٍٍ ٟؼبطفخ ٌىٔ ٟذظً ػٍ١٘ ٝذسٚغشاف اٌجش٠بْ اٌغطذ.ٟ
ٔمطخ االٔمالة
D.R.O
or
C
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Vertical Slope Method -3
ف٘ ٟزٖ اٌطش٠مخ فئْ ِٕذٕ ٟاإلٔذغبس اٌؼبئذ ٌٍجش٠بْ األسػ٠ ٟزُ رّذ٠ذٖ إٌ ٝاٌخٍف دز٠ ٝزمبؽغ ِغ اٌخؾ إٌبصي ِٓ ٔمطخ اإلٔمالة
( Piاٌخؾ ٚ )EFإٌمطزبْ ٠ A,Fزُ ٚطٍّٙب ثّٕذٕ٠ ٟزُ سعّٗ ػٍٔ ٝذ ٛرمش٠ج.ٟ
مثال ِٓ :خالي اٌج١بٔبد اٌّٛػذخ ثبٌجذٚي ادٔبٖ ٌجبث١خ ِؼٕ١خ ِغبدزٙب )ٌٙ (250 km2ب لّ١خ اٌجش٠بْ اٌمبػذٞ
)٠ (Base flow = 150 m3/sشاد فظً اٌجش٠بْ اٌمبػذِ ٞغ دغبة ػّك اٌجش٠بْ اٌغش٠غ ).(Depth of D.R.O
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( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
*∑ +
( )
( ) ( )
ػٍ ٗ١فبٌ١ٙذسٚغشاف اٌم١بع١٘ ٛ٘ ٟذسٚغشاف ًٌ )ٚ (D.R.Oإٌبرج ِٓ ٚدذح ػّك ٚادذح ِٓ اٌّطش اٌّؤصش.
Flood Hydrograph
Separate
B.f. and D.R.O
Volume of D.R.O
Depth of D.R.O = y
𝑂𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐷 𝑅 𝑂
𝑈𝐻
𝑦
Example: The following hydrograph was observed on a river site with catchment area of 43.2 km 2
(assume B.F = 5 m3/s).
Time (hr.) 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42
Discharge (m3/s) 5 10 20 15 11 8 6 5
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Volume of D.R.O = area under the hydrograph = t × (I1+ I2+ I3+ I4+ I5+ I6+ I7+ I8)
= 6 × (0+5+15+10+6+3+1+0)
= 6 × 60 × 60 × (40) = 864000 m3
0 5 5 0 0
6 10 5 5 2.5
12 20 5 15 7.5
18 15 5 10 5
24 11 5 6 3
30 8 5 3 1.5
36 6 5 1 0.5
42 5 5 0 0
54 5 5 0 0
Sum = 40 Sum = 20
Depth of runoff
U. H.
y = Rainfall Losses
D.R.O. = U.H. × y
Flood Hydrograph
(T.H.) = D.R.O. + B.F.
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Example: Determine the flood hydrograph resulting from a storm of (6 hr.) duration with a value of
(3 cm). Consider a uniform loss of (1 cm) for (6 hr.). Assume base flow of (5 m3/s). Take (6 hr.)
U.H. for the basin as:
Time (hr.) 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42
U.H. (m3/s) 0 5 15 10 6 3 1 0
Solution:
Net rainfall (rainfall excess) = runoff – losses = 3 – 1 = 2 cm
U.H. × 2
D.R.O
Time U.H. Base flow Ordinates of
due to 2 cm
(hr.) (m3/s) (m3/s) F.H. (m3/s)
(m3/s)
0 0 0 5 5
6 5 10 5 15
12 15 30 5 35
18 10 20 5 25
24 6 12 5 17
30 3 6 5 11
36 1 2 5 7
42 0 0 5 5
Example: Compute from the following problem the flood hydrograph from the given U.H. the flood
hydrograph resulting from four successive rainfalls of (2 hr.) duration. The value of rainfall are
(1 cm, 3 cm, 0.5 cm, 2 cm), assume B.F. = 15 m3/s.
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U.H. (D.R.O.) - 1 (D.R.O.) - 2 (D.R.O.) - 3 (D.R.O.) - 4 Total F.H.
Time (hr.) B.F.
(2 hr.) U.H × 1 U.H × 3 U.H × 0.5 U.H × 2 (D.R.O.) (T.H.)
0 0 0 0 15 15
1 10 10 10 15 25
2 50 50 0 50 15 65
3 40 40 30 70 15 85
4 30 30 150 0 180 15 195
5 20 20 120 5 145 15 160
6 10 10 90 25 125 15 140
7 0 0 60 20 80 15 95
8 30 15 45 15 60
9 0 10 0 10 15 25
10 5 20 25 15 40
11 0 100 100 15 115
12 80 80 15 95
13 60 60 15 75
14 40 40 15 55
15 20 20 15 35
16 0 0 15 15