adverbial participle clauses participle phrases ‘© A participle phrase (eg noticing the door was open) can be added to a clause to give more information, or describe the time, the manner or the result of the event in the main clause. Noticing Ue door wes oper I walked in, This means the samme as ‘Trnoticed te door was open, ant! walked ir.” ‘© Ifthe participle phrase comes before the main clause, It must refer to the subject of the main clause. Itis usually followed by a comma. Walking up the street, Heard « bel ring. was walking up the street and | heard a bell) {= The bell was walking up the street when it rang) © If the participle phrase follows the main clause then elther the subject or the object (if there is one) of the main clause can be the subject of the participle phrase. This will depend on the meaning of the sentenc We sew Jin walking up the street. ( = We saw Jim while he was walking up the street) The buat stuck a 100k, throwing the crew into the sea, one action before another performed by the same subject. © Both present and past forms are possible Leaving the parcel on the doorstep, he drove awey. Having left the parcel on the doorstep, he drove away ‘© When a phrase is negative, not normally goes before the participle. Not having an umbrella, got realy wet © Not may occur elsewhere in the clause, if another part of it is negative. Having decided not to stay tanger, I went home. ‘© Using a past form can show that one action is the consequence of the other. Having forgotten my keys, Ihad to dimb in the window. (On / upon noticing a policeman coming down the street, he ran off. © A passive participle can sometimes also be shortened. Having been introduced to the president, he could think of nothing to say. Introduced to the president, he could think ot nathing to say. time phrase with after, before, since, when, while © The participle follows the time word. After reading the letter, she burst into tears, ean it thoroughly with warm soapy water before using it for the first time Since talking to Mr Ashton, I've changed my mind about my career When taking this medication, avoid dnnking alcahot While waiting for the train, we had a meal inthe station restaurant, time phrase with on, in © On + participle describes an event immediately followed by anather event. (On hearing a noise at the window, I (ooked out, © Ins participle describes how one action causes something else to happen. In trying to adjust the heating system, 1 managed to break it completely.manner phrase with by, as if ‘© By + participle describes the method you can use to do something, By using the Internet, its possible (a save inane. reason phrase ‘© To explain the reason for something we can use being to replace because /as + be. Because I was afraid to go on my own, | asked Sam to go with me, Being afraid to go on my own, | asked Sam to go with me. past passive participle (@ We can replace a passive verb with a past passive participle. Iwas offered a higher salary, 50 I took the job. Having been offered a higher salary, | took the job. subject and participle phrase ‘¢ Anoun and participle can be used to give extra information about the subject of the main clause. His ears bursting from the water pressure, he rose to the surface All three goals were excellent, the first one being the best | thnk © [tor there can also be used as a subject in formal speech or writing. There being no further time today, the meeting wil continue m the morning It being a Sunday, there were fewer trains than usual. with and without ‘© These are often followed by participle constructions in descriptive writing. With blood pouring fram his wounds, he staggered inta the room, Without making a sound, she opened the door reduced adverbial clauses (sce Unit 35) © Clauses of time, place, manner and contrast and conditional clauses often have the verb reduced to the present or past participle, or omitted in the case of be. This is more common in formal writing. While (she was) at the shops, Helen lost her wallet. Where (its) indicated, use one of the screws labelled A. ‘She waved her arms about, as if (she was) swatting a tl. Though (he was) feeling ill, he was determined to play in the match. Although feeling il, went t0 the meeting. it studying full-time. expect fo spend 20 hours a week outside of set lectures. Unless travelling in an organized tour group. you veil require a visa. @ adverbial participle clauses1 Tick the correct sentences and underline and correct any mistakes a Not knowing the way, 1 got lost several times. we After leaving the room, the telephone rang. After thad left ¢ Having lost my money, the conductor wouldn't give me a ticket. ds While falling asleep, there was a loud knock at the front door. e f g h By forcing open the window, 1 was able to get into the house. ae Not wishing to be a nulsance, I left as early as | could. Having opened the box, it turned out to be empty. ‘Though feeling tired, tlelen went out clubbing with her friends. -_ Having asked my name, L was taken to meet the priate 1 (On arriving at the station, the train had already left. 2 complete the sentence with a word or phrase from thelist. abandoned although being by if it there though while without a Although feeling dizzy, Sarah managed to play on until the end of the natch, b ______... a powerful swimmer, George reached the isiand In less than an hour. « waiting for a reply, the mysterious stranger vanished Into the night. being a Friday, everyone in the office was in a good mood. walking across the field, Kita noticed something glittering by the path. by its owner, the old dog sat by the side of the road and howled. shocked by what he lad seen, Martin (ied to keep cal betng no chance of escape, the two men gave themselves up to the police. using a fan-assisted aven, reduce cooking time hy half an hour. ing your name here, you agree to the conditions listed below. 3 Complete the text using one word in each gay The Galapagos Islands a Located near the equator, the Galapagos islands are a ‘group of volcanic islands off the coast of Ecuador. b by Spanish colonists in 1535, and first ¢ ~ =» on maps, {n about 1570, the istands were rarely visited, d haven for pirates. e developed their awn specializations and escaped the attentions of predators common ‘elsewhere, the Galapagos species had became unique and unafraid of people, Passing ships hunted seals and giant tortoises. Ouce f _. the tortoises were kept alive on ships for long periods and later eaten. After g near extinction, few of these creatures remain today. h .~. by the naturalist Charles Darwin in 1836, the islands still have a close .Sssoclation with Darwinian theory, 1 the home to many species isolated from the mainland. i later that birds which differed from island to island were in fact the same species, Darwin used from the Galapagos in the development of his theory of natural selection. Now k part of a national park, the islands are popular with ‘eco-tourists:. Efforts are continuing to save their wildlife.4 write a new sentence with the same meaning, containing the word in capitals and a participle clause. As it was a public holiday, there was a lot of trafic on the roads. BEING Ht boeing a public. holiday, #rere. was a lot of trablie on the, roads. — When J opened the letter, realized It was from Professor Alton. oN The palace was destroyed by fire during the war but later reconstructed, ‘tuoucn. As Carol walked from the room, tears streamed from lier eyes. STREAMING broke the camera as | tried to remove the memory card. IN My hair has become soft and shining since I've used Glosso shampoo. USING Jan was taken to hospital after she was knocked down by a car. BEING Ailer he had been shown to his room, George lay down on the bed and slept. HAVING: 5 choose the best option, A,B oF C for each gap. macula Stem-cell research a A. the sight of people blinded by mnacular degeneration, a condition of the eye, could start within five years, according to a British team b human eye stem cell implants. More than 500,000 people in the UK have blindness « bby macular degeneration, a disease d bya Joss ol central vision due to degeneration of the macula, a spot at the back of the eve. alimost £4 inion towards the cust of developing optic nerve a stem cell therapy by an anonymous philanthropist, a team from two British retina Universities are starting to conduct trials. on the project, a spokesman for vitreous gel the team told us:g up to one third af the popalation, this cnndition is a major cause of blindness, so a new kind of treatment is vital. In previous operations, h tissue from patient's own eye, we have seen about 25% of pati rovenent, However, creating new eye cells i. ._.in the laboratory from human embryos will be much more effective, A Restoring B Restored Acdeveloping —_B having developat Acausing Bewised C having been caused A marked B marking C being marked AGiving B Being given C Having been given AConmuented —B Cornmenting € Having commented A Affecting B Affected C Being uffécted A transplanted B being transplanted C having transplanted Abeing grown Bgrown C having grown acy ees Write sentences begining Having... Onrealizing... While waiting... if using... ‘Need more practice? Go to the Review on page 208, @ adverbial participle clausesUnit 34 Ex a which What cwha divhich e@who flasked for giwhat hwhich which j who Ex2 a whose bawhose cwho dwhich ewhom f whom, which /that which {that iwhich j where x3 awhich b= which dwho ewhich fWhat g= howhict Gthrat jalrat Kawhicle Fthat mawho mn where, they pwhich Ex a a ...the man who jumped over the counter and took the ioney. up late, which wasn’t unusual, many people, some of whom gave us good descriptions of the robber. d.... the house where my aunt and uncle live. ¢ .. who meets Angela likes her. £2" of whom were half an hour late, found a shepherds hut where ve sheltered from the rain which was extremely crowded, stopped at every station. i. 1gn't the butlding (that 1 thought the bus stopped outs! Ex5 a whose bwho whose d which @ whom what hivhich /that t= j= kwho Lwvhich Molat nwt O- p= Gwho rhe c which Unit 35 ext even though b Seeing that cthe way din case @ Much as The moment _g No matter what although i Everywhere j Considering that Exz a Whenever you're In the area, drop In and see us, 'b Assoon asi saw you, | knew I liked you! «¢ Fiona sturtng traning aya ballet duticer when she was shx. 4d Lwon't leave / Yl stay until you come back. @ You can park your car anywhere you like outside, # Now you're here, you'd better sit down. 4g Once the exams are out of ie way we Cam start Fearing something new. fh-The memarial shows where the plane crashed Ex3 @ Although b Considering €As duntil @ After /Once. Fiway gso hWhen i case exa a It sounds as If they are having a good time. b this isnt the way yon are supposed (0 he doing this. ‘¢ He luoked as If he was carrying something. 4 1 took up jogging, as you suggested. @ He behaved as though Ine owned the place, # The meat tasted as if it hadn’t been cooked propert 4g Peter didn’t conduct the experiment the way Ine was Instructed t0 / told to. Exs aB bC cC dA eA $B GA hC ic jB unit 36 ex4 Suggested answers: av bb Alter | had lett the room, the telephone rang, © ASI had lost my money, the conductor wouldn't glve me a ticket. d White 1 was falling asleep, Unere was a loud knock at the front door. ey ty enc os sunad 0 UA pny 1 Afver Uhad been asked for my name, 1 was taken to meet the prime minister, j, When f arrived a¢ the station, the train had already left. Ex2 Although bBeIng ¢Without dite While ¥ Abandoned g though h There ill jy Ex3 Suggested answers: 2 Located b discovered / found « shown / illustrated d heing /hecaming e liaving # canght / captured. g facing -hVisted ibelng J Keatizing / Discovering J Hinding k protected xa a It being a public holiday, there was a lot of traffic on the roads. 'b On opening the letter, {realized it was from Professor Alton. ¢ Though destroyed by fise during the war, the palace was, later reconstructed. 4 Carol walked from the room, tears streaming from her eyes. @ In trying to remove the memory card, | broke the camera. Since using Glosso shampoo, my hair has became soft and shining. 4 Jan was taken to hospital atter heing knocked dawn by a car. fh Having been shown to his room, George lay down on the hed and slept. Ex 5 aA DA CB dA eG fl gA AC iN unit 37 Ext aC bA cC dC eA tB gB hC iA jc Ex2 a6 bi c4 d9 e3 fl gS hB 17 52 Ex3 @ break out beome off ccome about d fall back on e break off fgetoff gcomeinto home out i do away with j hring round Ex4 2 It's getting on tar 8.0, so you'd better get ready to leave, bf coutdi't really understand what she was geting at. € {don't think we can count on Johnson to suppart us 4d Theres an important point I think I should bring up. ¢ Jn 1939, Jim was called up. ¥ The director is drawing up a list of suitable candidates for the job. 49 The statement of the accused was borne vut by other witnesses. fh Carol has came up with a really good salution to the problem, o g 4 a <