DecanterIntroduction * Separation of Two liquid phases, immiscible or partially miscible * Ex liquid-liquid extraction followed by a separation stage * Simplest equipment: gravity settling tank, the decanter * Decanters: sufficient difference in density * Decanters: tanks which give sufficient residence time for the droplets of the dispersed phase to rise (or settle) to the interface between the phases and coalesce. * Three distinct zones or bands: * Clear heavy liquid; + Separating dispersed liquid (the dispersion zone); * And clear light liquid. . * normally designed for continuous operation * cylindricalInterface level by pressure balance Light TF 1_itetase ‘iquie Ma Ladel: (21 —z3)pig + 23928 = 22928 — T (zr = 23) 01 S| a] pie RD p2 ‘Datum where p; = density of the light liquid, kg/m’, Flere 1038 Voviel deme p2 = density of the heavy liquid, ky/n height from datum to light liquid overflow, m, 7 7 = height from datum to heavy liquid overflow, m, ] (fom ) 5 = height from datum to the interface, m. a Vertical: L= 2D ro Ypprrram ler 5 J drain i Horizontal: L= 4D 7 orate DispersionDecanter Design * Hold up time 2-5 min * Basis: velocity of continuous phase must be less than settling velocity of the droplets of the dispersed phase. * Plug flow is assumed * Stokes’ law is used to determine the settling velocity of the droplets where iy Ue = = < ug Aj where uy = settling velocity of the dispersed phase droplets, m/s, uu: = velocity of the continuous phase, m/s, 1. = continuous phase volumetric flow rate, m?/s, A, = arca of the interface, _ dig(pa ~ Pe) ito 18), dy = droplet diameter, m, uy = settling (terminal) velocity of the dispersed phase droplets with diameter d, m/s, Pe = density of the continuous phase, kg/m. ps = density of the dispersed phase, kg/m, He = viscosity of the continuous phase, g = gravitational acceleration, 9.81 m/s.* assumed droplet size of 150 microm * If calculated settling velocity is greater than 4x10°3 m/s, then a figure of 4x10? m/s is used. For a horizontal, cylindrical, decanter vessel, the interfacial ar a depend on the position of the interface w = 2(2rz — 2?)!/2 ith of the interface, m, G K eight of the interface from the base of the vessel, m, —-—]—~ jength of the cylinder, m, r = radius of the cylinder, m * For a vertical cylindrical decanter, Aj = nr? * depth of the dispersion band= 10 per cent of the decanter heightTreybal method yg... tine 2 es * For horizontal decanter * D=8.4 V(qc + qd) (ty) *L=4DDesign a decanter to separate a light oil from water. Oil, flow rate 1000 kg/h, density 900 kg/m3, viscosity 3 cP. Water, flow rate 5000 kg/h, density 1000 kg/m3, viscosity 1 cP * Step 1: identify dispersed and continuous phase * Ans: oil is dispersed phase and water is the continuous phase * Vertical decanter, less floor space * Step 2: calculate ud Take dy = 150 pm _ diglpa— Po) 18, (150 x 10-*)? 9.81(900 — 1000) “ue 18x 1x 1077 = —0,0042 m/s, —1.2 mm/s (rising) ugDesign a decanter to separate a light oil from water. Oil, flow rate 1000 kg/h, density 900 kg/m3, viscosity 3 cP. Water, flow rate 5000 kg/h, density 1000 kg/m3, viscosity 1 cP * Step 3: calculate Le * Step 4: Calculate Ai anr 2 1.39 x 10-7 m*/s RG = 159 x Ue A ua, and ue = x 3 a 2 pees 1” 0 = 1.16 m 0.0012 [1.16 pn a m diameter = 1.2 m*L=2D=2x12=24m * Dispersion band= 10% of vertical height = 0.24 m * Check residence time of droplets in the dispersion band 0.24 024 . = — =~ = 200s (~3 min) . uy 0.0012 Satisfactory (2 ~ 5 min) * Check size of water droplets that could be entrained with oil 1000. 1 1 Velocity of oil phase = —— x 900 3600 * 1.16 = 27x 10+ mis (0.27 mm/s) d= [ ug 18. | 2 so the entrained droplet size will a “~~ Le(pa = Pe) 7x 10-4 x 18 x 3 x 107]? 9.31(1000 — 900) 104 m=120 pm which is satisfactory; below 150 xm.Piping Arrangement * Feed velocity: 1 m/s Total volumetric fl it Flow-rat L000 3000) a7 10-3 a? . = Rowntes |—— p> | —— eit otal volumetric flow rate: low-rate = | + T595| 3600 x m/s * Find area andr 1.7 x 10-3 1 Area of pipe = = 17x 107) m? —- 7x 103 x4 Pipe diameter = \ PLM Ey” Re, = = 0.047 m, say 50 mm * Let position of interface= L/2 . Let bosition of light liquid take off= 0.9LPiping Arrangement 21 =0.9 x 2.4 = 2.16 m 3=05x24=12m (2.16 — 1.2) x 900 + 1.2 1000 Proposed design