BellerbysCollege PREPARATION FOR UNIVERSITY EDUCATION FOUNDATION EXAMINATION August 2012 Mechanics 2 MARK SCHEME Please award accuracy marks in later sections of each question, even if errors have occurred due to follow-through errors, as long as the method is correct and their answers are also fully correct. In other words, if the student makes an error early on in the question, but thereafter are correct, the candidate should only lose the accuracy mark/s in the section where the error occurred. StudyGroupMechanics 2 Solutions ‘This mark scheme assumes that the student has followed the same approach as myself. Obviously any correct method is acceptable and so whore a student has used an alternative approach it may be necessary to modify the mark scheme as appropriate. In such circumstances, where discretion in the allocation of marks is required please award marks in line with the equivalent levels of achievement that ‘marks are awarded for in my method. ‘A mark should be deducted for not giving an answer to a specified level of accuracy ut only ance ‘throughout the whole exam. 1 Question 1 18) Approach speed is 10 ms (1 mark). ») Award 1 mark for attempting to use conservation of momentum, award 1 mark for 30 = du +0 or equivalent, award 1 mark for applying the correct definition of the coefficient of restitution, award 1 ‘mark for v—u= 5 or equivalent, award 1 mark for u = 5 and award 1 mark for v= 10. 2 Question 2 48) The acceleration of the particle is 9 (or 98), the initial speed is zero and the displacement is 2.5 metres (award 1 mark for getting all three values correct). Award 1 mark for using any appropriate constant- ‘acceleration equation (probably u? =u? + 2as); this mark can be awarded for using an appropriate ‘equation in either part (a) or part (b). Hence w = 7 (1 mark). ») The acceleration of the particle is ~9 (or ~9.8), the final speed is zero and the displacement is 48 rmetres (award 1 mark for getting all three values corrct). Using any appropriate constant-acceleration ‘equation (probably v? = u? + 2as) leads to w= 4 (1 mark). ©) Coefficient of restitution = separation speed/approach speed (1 mark) hence e = $ (1 mark).3 Question 3 8) Award 1 mark for using or stating the definition period = r = 2° (this can be inferred from the student's working, it does not need to be stated explicitly) and 1 mark for finding w= , award 1 mask for using an appropriate SHM equation (ideally »? = u%(a? — 2%), award 1 mark for substituting the given values into their SHM equation and 1 mark for a = 5. Please follow through an incorrect value for the final 3 marks can be awarded for a value for a that is correct relative to their incorrect value for >) Award 1 mark for tae = wa (this can be inferred from the student's working, it does not need to be stated explicitly) and 1 mark for Umar = 2.5; do not follow through an incorrect formula fOr Umasy this final mark is contingent upon using the correct definition of tas ) Award 1 mark for amay = 2a and 1 mark for F = ma (these marks can be inferred from the student’s working, they do not need to be stated explicitly; if the student states that Fnar = mua then award 2 marks directly, no intermediate working needs to be shown) and 1 mark for Fins = 10; do not follow through an incorrect formula for Fae, this final mark is contingent upon using the correct definition of Fas. If a student finds the maximum acceleration dma ~ 1.25, award a maximum of 2 marks. 4 Question 4 8) Award 1 mark for using or stating a = vd (if this is not stated explicitly award this mark if it can be inferred from their working; for example, this mark should be avrarded if the student jumps straight to ‘writing §f), award 1 mark for correctly inograting'2! (10 got 2a), award 1 mark for correctly integrating “ka (to get '-ka-"') and award 1 mark for v? = 4x ~ 2kx-1 +C (the constant of integration must be Included at this stage to get this nal mark), >) Award 1 mark for substituting 2 = 10 & v= YD into thelr answer to part (a) and award 1 mack {for rearranging to find the paper). ) Award 1 mask for using or stating that » = § (clear working must be shown to gain thie mark asthe answer i given in , award 1 mark for substituting x = 5 & v= 0 into their answer to part (a) and award 1 mark for rearranging to find k = 100. Follow through their answer +o part (a) and award full marks to a fully correct answer based on their answer to part (a). 5 Question 5 4) The lengths of the strings are equal hence 4 +2, =5 +22 (I mark) hence 2, = 1422 (1 mark). ») Balancing forces vertically leads to T; +T = 16g (1 mark). Award 1 mark for applying Hooke’s law correctly to at least one string; hence Sgr; + 6974 = 16g (1 mark; follow through their balancing ‘of forces). Award 1 mark for attempting to solve the two equations simultaneously leading to 1 = 2& ap = 1 (1 mark; this mark can be awarded for getting just one extension correct as long as their ‘method for solving their equations is completely correct) and hence T} = 10g & Ts = 6g (1 mark; follow ‘through their extensions. And this mark should only be awarded if both answers are correct, based on ‘their extensions). 6 Question 6 Award mark for using o stating Fr = j, award 1 mack for resolving horizontally to find P = Fr, award 1 mark for resolving vertically to find R P= 120, award 1 mark for attempting to take moments, avard 2 marks for correctly taking moments to find 2PLsin = ASgLcosa + T59(%) cove or equivalent (f incorrect award 1 mark for correctly 20g, award 1 mark for combining these expressions to find calculating at least 1 term), award 1 mark for attempting to combine their expressions/eliminate P and award 1 mark for finding im the paper). § (Clear working must be shown to gain this mark as the answer is given 7 Question 7 8) Award 1 mark for attempting to use the principle of energy conservation, award 1 mark for using the definition of kinetic energy and correctly calculating either the initial kinetic energy (49 J) or the final Kinetic energy (25 J), award 1 mark for correctly applying the definition of gravitational potential energy (mgh) and award 1 mark for finding h ) Pisa distance 4 — #2 below O (1 mark) hence cos = 4 (1 mark) hence cos (1 mark). c) Resolving the weight in a radial direction leads to 2gcos0 (I mark) and the acceleration towards the contre ofthe circle fs (1 mack) hence R—2g 086 = m# (1 mark). Hence R= 26-1N (2 marks; it incorrect, award 1 mark for attempting to rearrange their equation "R.—2g.cos@ = m2" and substituting for cos6, v & 7). 8 Question 8 1) T= 2g (1 mark) T= Af = ABE (1 mark) hence x = 0.2 (1 mark). b) When AP = 3.5 the extension in the string is = = 1.5 (1 mark) hence the elastic potential energy 2 (1 mark). ©) Measuring the displacement y downwards from the equilibrium position and letting e denote the‘equilibrium extension: d+uty = 0 5 marks are awarded for a completely correct answer. Otherwise 1 mark is awarded for attempting to resolve vertically, mark is awarded for correctly resolving vertically, 1 mark is awarded for using Hooke's Jam, 1 mark is awarded for substituting in the value of e found earlier and 1 mark for rearranging into the equation for SHM. 4) The amplitude of the SHM is 1.3 metres (1 mark) and the string goes slack when y mark) hence using y = a.cos (ut) (1 mark) leads to 1.$cos (7) = ~0.2 (1. mark) hence T = (1 mark), ¢) The intial mechanical energy is 1 (1 mask). The gain in gravitational potential energy is mgh = 2x gx 3.5 = 7g (1 mark) hence 441 = 7g + 8° (1 mark) hence V = 6.454 (1 mark). 02 (1 246 seconds 9 Question 9 8) Award 1 mark for attempting to use conservation of energy, award 1 mark for correctly finding an. expression for the mechanical energy of P at A (if we measure height fom the surface then this should bbe my 4 mor), award 1 mark for correctly finding an expression forthe mechanical energy of P at B (if ‘we measure height from the suxface then this should be !° 4-mgr.cosa) where a is the angle between ‘the upward vertical and the radius to P, award 1 mark for correctly resolving the forces perpendicular to the sphere (this should be mgecosa— R), award 1 mark for using a = * for the acceleration towards ‘the centee of the sphere, award 1 mark for realising that at B R = 0 (this does not nead to be seen explicitly, it ean be inferred from their working), award 1 mark for attempting to solve their equations simultaneously and award 1 mark for finding v= \/3. ») Award 1 mark for finding the vertical speod of P at B (| sina), award 1 mark for using vertical acceleration = 9, award 1 mark for finding the vertical displacement from B to the surface (rcos a, award ‘1 mark for using an appropriate constant acceleration equation (probably s = ut + at®), award 1 mack ‘or substituting the appropriate values into their equation, award 1 mark for attempting to rearrange into the given anewer and 1 mark for 6372? + 140.7’ — 104 = 0 (clear working must be shown to gain this mark as the answer is given in the paper) «) Award 1 marl for attempting to solve the quadratic equation and 1 mark for nding either correct‘answer to the quadatic and 1 mark for the correct final answer T’ = 0.308847... = 0.809 (the negative answer must be discounted or ignored for this final mark to be awarded).