BellerbysCollege PREPARATION FOR UNIVERSITY EDUCATION FOUNDATION EXAMINATION August 2011 Mechanics 2 MARK SCHEME Please award accuracy marks in later sections of each question, even if errors have occurred due to follow-through errors, as long as the method is correct and their answers are also fully correct. In other words, if the student makes an error early on in the question, but thereafter are correct, the candidate should only lose the accuracy mark/s in the section where the error occurred. StudyGroupMechanics 2 Solutions 12th November 2010 ‘This mark scheme assumes that the student has followed the same approach as myself. Obviously ‘any correct method is acceptable and so where a student has used an alternative approach it may be necessary to modify the mark scheme as appropriate, In such circumstances, where discretion in the allocation of matks is required please award marks in line with the equivalent levels of achievement that marks are awarded for in my method. ‘A mark should be deducted for not giving an answer to a specified level of accuracy but only once throughout the whole exam. 1 Question 1 a) Let w and v denote the velocities of P & @ after the collision. The momentum of both particles before the collision is 25 + (~3) = 22 and the total momentum after the collision is 5u + v (1 mark can be awarded for getting either the initial or final momentum correct), hence 5u+u = 22 (1 mark). Using the coefficient of restitution e = } = $74 (1 mark; award this mark for any reasonable attempt to substitute ‘values into the correct definition of the coefficient of restitution) = 5v — Su = 8 (1 mark). Attempting to solve these equations simultaneously (1. mark) leads to u= 3.4 (1 mark) and v= 5 (1 mark). b) Kinetic energy = }rov? (1 mark) hence the initial kinetic energy is 62.5 + 4.5 = 67 and the final kinetic energy is 28.9+12.5 = 41.4 (award 1 mark for correctly evaluating at least one of the total initial or final kinetic energies; if a student has instead calculated the change of kinetic energy for each particle separately then this mark should be awarded for correctly calculating the change in kinetic energy for at least one of the particles) and so the loss of kinetic energy is 25.6 J (1 mark) «) Impulse = change in momentum (1 mark) hence impulse = (5 x 8.4) ~ (5 x 5) = ~8 hence the ‘magnitude of the impulse is 8 (2 marks; if incorrect award 1 mark for correctly calculating the momentum before or after the collision). And the direction of the impulse is opposite the initial direction of motion P (mark)2 Question 2 a) Using v? = w%(a — 2%) (1 mark) and attempting to substitute the given values into this formula (1 mark; this mark should be awarded genorously so you can still award this mark if the candidate has successfully substituted just one given value into the correct part of the equation, even ifthe rest of their substitutions are incorrect) leads to 900 = u®(a® ~ 4) and 144 = w2(a? — 25) (award 1 mark for getting at least one of these two expressions correct). Solving these simultaneous equations leads to a = v'29 (2 marks; follow through their simultaneous equations. If incorrect award 1 mark for attempting to solve their equations simulatenously) b) Wa= VI = w= 6 (1 mark; follow through their answer to part (a)). ‘The period of the motion is = 4 (1 mark) hence + = § (1 mark) 3 Question 3 ‘The acceleration towards the centre of the circle is generated by the tension in the string (1 mark) hence using a= % (1 mark) leads to T= ™= (1 mark) = 124° (1 mark) = 80 (1 mark) 4 Question 4 8) The acceleration a = v4¥ (1 mark). Hence vt 244 $ (2 marks, condone omission of the constant of integration; if incorrect, award 1 mark for an attempt at integration and at least 1 correct term). Hence substituting in x = 1 and v = 6 (1 mark) leads to C= -12 (1 mark). It is not necessary for the candidate to actually write v? = 48 — 12 to be awarded full marks; it is sufficient just to see 2 + $ or equivalent and for the student to have correctly evaluated their constant of integration b) a> 4 then $8 < 12 (1 mark) hence v? = 48 ~ 12 <0 which is impossible (1 mark). 5 Question 5 a) The initial mechanical eneray of P is 98 joules (1 mark) and when the rod is in its horizontal position the mechanical energy is 20? 4 4gr (1 mark) hence 98 = 2u?+dgr (1 mark; award this mark for any clear attempt to use conservation of mechanical energy) hence v* = 49 ~ 2gr (1 mark) ’b) The tension in the rod generates the acceleration directed towards the centre of the circle hence * (1 mark) hence T = 228 — 8g (1 mark). T = ma (1 mark) where a ©) When P is directly above , v? = 49 — gr (1 mark) and since v? > 0 (1 mark) + 49 > dgr =r < #2 = 1.25 (1 mark) hence roe = 1.25 (1 mark). 4) When P is dizectly above 0, T-+4g = 288 —169 (1 mark) hence 198 (1 mark). 209 = 204 (1 mark) + r= 0.46 Question 6 1) The extension in the string is x = 0.5 (1 mark) hence the elastic potential energy = 4f2 (1 mark) 1.25 J (1 mark), b) The initial mechanical energy of the particle is 11.25 J (1 mark) and the final mechanical energy is 822 J (1 mark) hence = 11.25 (1 mark; award this mark for any clear attempt at using conservation of mechanical energy) hence v = V7.5 = 2.7386 (1 mark; accept any reasonable decimal answer) 7 Question 7 a) Resolving vertically R = 1609 (1 mark) and P = Fr (1 mark). At the point of slipping (when the bR (1 mark) hence P = 2 x 1609 = 64g (1 ‘matk). Taking moments about the base of the ladder (11 mark; this mark can be awarded for attempting, man is at the highest point he can reach) Fr = Fring to take moments about any point) leads to an anti-clockwise moment of P< L-sina (1 mark) and a total clockwise moment of 409 x «-osa+ 1209 x 4 cose (1 mark) where x is the distance from the base of the ladder to the centre of mass. Hence 6igL sina = 40gr cosa + 9091 cosa (1 mark) hence 2 = 24 (1 mark). 8 Question 8 a) T= 4g (1 mark) 7 = 4 = 28 (1 mark) hence 2 = 0.6 (1 mark) b) Measuring the displacement y downwards from the equilibrium position and letting ¢ denote the equilibrium extension: mg-T = mp MED ay 19606 196 _ yy 3 a ha v= 3 Gtu'y = 0 5 marks are awarded for a completely correct answer. Otherwise 1 mark is awarded for attempting to resolve vertically, L mark is awarded for correctly resolving vertically, I mark is awarded for using Hooke’s Jaw, 1 mark is awarded for substituting in the value of ¢ found earlier and 1 mark for rearranging into ‘the equation for SHM. ) At the point when the string becomes slack y = —0.6 (1 mark) hence using v? = w%(a? — y*) (1 = 98 (1 mark) mark) hence v? = 42(1 ~ 0.86) (1 mark) hence v =4) The motion of the partile is comprised of two distinet regimes (award 1 mark for any evidence that usat (1 mark) and u = 2,u=0&a=-98 $y = 0.820014 (1 mark) and this isthe time between when the string goes slack to the motion needs to be analysed in two parts). Using (1 mark) leads to t ‘when the particle comes to instantaneous rest. Using y = acos (ut) (I mark) teads to ~0.6 = 1x cos 34) (1 mark) where t is the time between the particle being released and and the string going slack, leading to t = 0.547807 (1 mark). Hence the total time taken is 0.329914 + 0.547897 = 0.877811 (1 mark; accept any reasonable decimal answer). 9 Question 9 2a) Since the pattie is moving Fr = Frnaz = 4 (1 mark) = } x 4g = 5.6 (1 mark) +) The initial kinetic energy of P is 4mv* = 288 J (1 mark). ‘The work done overeoming friction as 8 (1 mark follow through their answer to part (a)). Hence the kinetic energy immediately prior to hitting the wall the particle travels from the centre to one wall is force times distance (1 mark) = 6.6 x 5 is 260 J (1 mark; follow through an error calculating the initial K.E, or work done) ©) Ifthe speed of the particle before the collision is v then the speed after the collision will be ev (1 mark) hence the kinetic energy immediately after hitting the wall is 260e? (1 mark; follow through their answer for the K.E, immediately prior to hitting the wall). 4) The work done travelling from one wall to the next i 5.610 = 56 (1 mark) hence the kinetic energy immediately before hitting a wall for the second time is 260e* —56 (1 mark). ‘Therefore the kinetic energy immediately after hitting a wall for the second time is (260 —56)e® (1 mark) and so the kinetic energy immediately before hitting a wall for the third time is (2602 — 56)e — 56 (1 mark). If the particle does indeed hit walls on at Jeast 3 occasions then this expression for the kinetic energy must be greater than zero, hence (260e? — 56)¢? ~ 56 > 0 (1 mark). Solving (2602? —56)e2 — 56 = 0 => 65(¢2)® —14e?- 14 =0 leads to e? > M&VEEEESIE=E (1 mark) and so the minimum value of ¢ is y/ 4443522 ~ 0.764 (2 marks; if incorrect award 1 mark for attempting to solve any correct quadratic for ¢?),