Linear Programming

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES
- Define linear programming

- Identify the critical features of linear programming

- Solve optimization problem using the concept of linear

programming.

- Use graphical method to show the optimum solution.

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What is Linear
Programming?

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LINEAR PROGRAMMING
- Was invented in the 1940s by
George Dantzig, as a result of
a military research project on
planning how to distribute men,
weapon, and supplies
efficiently to the various
fronts during World War II.

Goal of Linear Programming:

- To maximize or minimize a
quantity.

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Linear Programming
- Linear Program is a mathematical equation/translation of
a real-life problem.
- It can have multiple to infinite solutions.

● Many businesses,industries, and

government agencies use linear

programming successfully.

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USES OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING
- Scheduling of flights by - Businesses use it to
airline corporations make determine the best way to
use of linear programming manage personnel and
to minimize cost without workloads in a specific
overloading a pilot crew job.
with too many hours.

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Programming
- In Linear Programming, programming means creating a plan

that solves a problem. This is not a reference to

computer programming.

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COMPONENTS OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING
1. Objective Functions – specifies whether you go Maximum or
Minimum a numerical value

2. Decision Variables – describe the quantities that the

decision would like to determine

3. Constraints – it is the restrictions on the decision

variables

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2 METHODS ON SOLVING LINEAR PROGRAM
1. GRAPHICAL METHOD 2. SIMPLEX METHOD
- this method has - It can be used to solve a
limitation, it can only linear program with any number
solve a linear program that of decision variables
has at most 2 decision
- It is generalized technique
variables.
for solving linear program

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ASSUMPTIONS OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING
1. Proportionality Assumption - contribution of a variable is
proportional to its value.

2. Additivity Assumption - contributions of variable are independent.

3. Divisibility Assumption - decision variables can take fractional

values.

4. Certainty Assumption - each parameter is known with certainty.

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 LINEAR
INEQUALITIES

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A Linear Equation in two variables (x and y) can be written in two forms.

ax+ by = c y=
mx + b

Where:
Where:

a,b, and c are constants m is the slope

b is the y-intercept

Such an equation is called linear because its graph is a line.

➔ Replacing “equals” with an inequality symbol (<,>,≦,or ≥) turns a linear

equation to a linear inequality equation

Examples: ax + by < c ax + by > c ax + by ≥ c ax

+ by ≤ c
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HOW TO GRAPH LINEAR INEQUALITIES?
1. Solve the linear inequality for y
➢ If the inequality has no y, then solve for the inequality
for x

Example:
2x - 4x ≧ 10 2x - 4x ≧ -10
2x ≧ 10 - 2x ≧ -10
x ≤ -5 x ≤ 5

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2. Graph the line
➢ The line is described by the equation associated with the inequality.

If the inequality is : Then the line:

≤ or ≥
Is part of the regions
of . .
solutions, use a solid line
< or >
Is not a part of the
regions of . .
solutions, use a dashed line

If the equation is : Then the line:

In slope intercept form, has a slope m and y-
y= mx + b intercept b

In the form x=a is a vertical line through

(a,0)

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3. Shade in one side of the line

➢ y increases as we move up,

and decreases as we go down

➢ x increases as we move right,

and decreases as we go left.

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LINEAR PROGRAMMING (SAMPLE PROBLEM #1)
A. Graphical Method

Objective: Minimize 5x + 10y

Subject to:

2x + y ≤ 10

x + 3y ≥ 15

x ≥ 0 y ≥ 0

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SAMPLE PROBLEM #2 (using the graphical method)
Objective:

Maximize 18x + 10y

Subject to:

4x + 2y ≤ 10

2x + 4y ≤ 14

x ≥ 0

y ≥ 0

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THANK YOU AND GOD BLESS US ALL :)

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