Tut 4

1) Over the temperature range 273 K to 1600 K the following expression holds true for the heat
capacity of SiC (MM = 40.1).
28400 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝 = 8.89 + 0.00291 × 𝑇𝑇 − � �
𝑇𝑇 2 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔. 𝐾𝐾
a) Determine the mean heat capacity of SiC (𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝̅ ) over the range from 0 to 1200°C in
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑘𝑘𝑔𝑔−1 . 𝐾𝐾 −1 (Hint, PLEASE do not try to convert the units of the coefficients! Calculate the average 𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝̅ in the
given units and THEN convert to the required unit set.

2) The table below contains some property data for zinc:

Molar mass 65.37
Melting point (at atmospheric pressure, but very 419°𝐶𝐶
insensitive to pressure!)
Boiling point at atmospheric pressure 907°𝐶𝐶
𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝̅ - Average heat capacity solid (0° - 419°C) 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
0.105
𝑔𝑔. °𝐶𝐶
𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝̅ - Average heat capacity liquid (419° - 907°C) 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
0.109
𝑔𝑔. °𝐶𝐶
𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝̅ - Average heat capacity vapour (907° - 1000°C) 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
4.97
𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔. °𝐶𝐶
Δ𝐻𝐻𝑓𝑓 – Latent heat of fusion 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
1660
𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔
Δ𝐻𝐻𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 or 𝜆𝜆 – Latent heat of evaporation 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
1700
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

a) Calculate the enthalpy of zinc vapour at 1000°C and atmospheric pressure, relative to the
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
enthalpy of the solid at 0°C give your answer in
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
b) Draw a qualitative enthalpy (y-axis) vs temperature (x-axis) diagram to describe a process
where zinc is heated from a solid at 25°𝐶𝐶 to a vapour at 1000°𝐶𝐶. Indicate the equations
used for the slopes of the different sections of your diagram. Clearly show the melting-and
boiling point of zinc on your diagram.

3) A mixture of water vapour and water liquid (saturated at 140°C) is available in a closed
container. The container volume is 1 𝑚𝑚3 . The mixture contains 90% vapour and 10% liquid on a
volume basis. The mixture is now heated until the container (volume remains fixed at 1 𝑚𝑚3 )
contains only saturated steam.
a) Use STEAM TABLES for ALL property data and determine the enthalpy change of the
contents in the tank as a result of this process (Δ𝐻𝐻 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘) Hint: Tut 2.2 may be a useful reminder of
what is happening here
4) Saturated steam(𝑥𝑥𝑣𝑣=1 ) at 400 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 is used in a heat exchanger to heat a liquid phase process
stream 𝐹𝐹, from an inlet temperature at 30°𝐶𝐶 to an outlet temperature of 80°𝐶𝐶 (Still liquid). The
steam that exits the heat exchanger at 400 𝑘𝑘𝑃𝑃𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 has a quality of 𝑥𝑥𝑣𝑣 = 0.3. The heat
exchanger has 10% energy losses (as heat) to the atmosphere.
a) Make a schematic drawing of this process, show as much information as possible on your
drawing, make sensible assumptions and simplify the energy balance by scratching out
redundant terms. List all the assumptions you make in order to be able to answer b)
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
b) Calculate the mass flow rate of steam required per kg of 𝐹𝐹 if it is known that 𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝̅ = 5.3
𝐹𝐹 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘.𝐾𝐾
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
5) Steam flows through a very long uninsulated pipe at a mass flow rate of 0.1 . The heat loss
𝑠𝑠
from the pipe is calculated as 𝑄𝑄̇ = 20 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. The steam at the inlet of the pipe is at 80 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
and 𝑇𝑇 = 100°𝐶𝐶. The outlet of the pipe is still at 80 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 .

a) What is the temperature of the outlet stream? (Follow all the steps described in problem 4
a), before you start with any calculations)

6) Benzene (1) and Ethylbenzene (2) is processed in a single stage liquid-vapour separator that
produces a vapour stream (V) with 𝑦𝑦1 = 0.7 and a liquid stream (L) with 𝑥𝑥1 = 0.35

The inlet to the separator is subcooled liquid at 𝑇𝑇 = 25°𝐶𝐶 and the operating pressure (𝑃𝑃) of the
separator. It contains 40% of benzene on a mole basis and is fed at a molar flow rate of
10 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. ℎ𝑟𝑟 −1

a) Calculate the heating duty (𝑄𝑄̇ ) of the separator in kW

You may assume ideal mixing in the liquid phase and ideal gas behaviour in the vapour phase

Table 4.1: Antoine constants for problem 6.

Species A B C Temp. Range (°C)
Benzene 13.7819 2726.81 217.572 Assume applicable to 𝑇𝑇𝑐𝑐
Ethylbenzene 13.9726 3259.93 212.300 Assume applicable to 𝑇𝑇𝑐𝑐

Hint: Your notes on Tut 3.2 may help to solve a big part of the problem…