KARLA EUNICE D.
GONZALES
GED 106 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY – THE NATIONAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY
Lesson 1: Communication Principles and
Ethics
Communication - Communication is understood
as the process of meaning-making through a
channel or a medium. It comes from the Latin
Communicares, meaning to share or to make ideas
common. The connection that encompasses
interaction among partakers is at the center of your
learning of communication.
Processes and Principles of Effective
Communication
Effective communication is a key interpersonal
skill and by learning how you can improve your
communication has many benefits. It sounds so
simple: say what you mean.
Communication is beyond simply putting words
into thoughts and emotions. Simply put,
communication is the art of creating and sharing
ideas for a specific purpose.
FORMS OF COMMUNICATION
• verbal communication - which includes
the use of language, sounds, and tone of
voice
• non-verbal communication - which
includes body language and facial
expressions
• written communication - such as through
journals, emails, blogs, and text messages
• visual communication - which involves
signs, symbols, pictures, graphics, and
emojis
The components of the communication process
1. Source - The sender carefully crafts the
message. The sender may be anyone: an author of
a book, a public speaker on a special occasion, or
even a traffic enforcer.
2. Message - is the reason behind any interaction.
It is the meaning shared between the sender and
the receiver. Messages take many forms. They
could mean poems, songs, essays, news articles,
road signs, and even symbols.
3. Channel - the means by which a message is
conveyed. When we answer a phone, the phone is
the channel. On the other hand, when your parents
receive notification of your absences from school,
the channel is a letter. It is the responsibility of
both the sender and the receiver to choose the best
channel for the interaction.
BS NURSING - 1ST YEAR (SECOND SEMESTER)
4. Receiver - the person who receives the
transmitted message. The receiver may be a part of
an audience in a public speaking event, a reader of
a letter, or a driver who reads road signs. The
receiver is expected to listen or read carefully, to
be aware of different kinds of senders to jot down
information when needed, to provide a response,
and to ask questions for clarification.
5. Feedback - is essential to confirm recipient
understanding.
6. Environment - The place, the feeling the mood,
the mindset, and the condition of both sender and
receiver are called the environment. The
environment may involve the physical set-up of a
location where communication takes place, the
space occupied by both the sender and he receiver,
including the objects surrounding the sender and
receiver.
The Nine Principles of Effective
Communication
1. Clarity - makes speeches understandable.
2. Concreteness - Reduces misunderstanding.
Messages must be supported by facts such as
research data, and statistics of figures. To achieve
concreteness, abstract words must be avoided.
3. Courtesy - it builds goodwill.
4. Correctness - Glaring mistakes in grammar
obscures the meaning of the sentence. Also,
misuse of language can damage your credibility.
5. Consideration – The message must be geared
toward the audience.
6. Creativity - creativity in communication means
having the ability to craft interesting messages in
terms of sentence structure and word choice.
7. Conciseness - Simplicity and directness help
you to be concise. Avoid using lengthy
expressions and word choices.
8. Cultural Sensitivity – With increasing
emphasis on empowering diverse cultures,
lifestyles, and races and the pursuit of gender
equality, cultural sensitivity, becomes an
important standard for effective communication.
9. Captivating - You must strive to make the
message interesting to command more attention
and better responses.
 Ethical Consideration in Communication
Ethics - is a branch of philosophy that focuses on
issues of right and wrong in human affairs.
Ethical Communication
1. Respect the Audience
2. Consider the result of communication.
3. Value truth.
4. Use information correctly.
5. Do not falsify information.
ETHICS IN COMMUNICATION
Effective communication is ethical
communication. Communication is ethical only
when it is genuine, open, cooperative, and
sensitive to one’s cultural and social beliefs and
practices. If there is an intent to conceal the truth
or bring damage to any organization, group, or
individual person, communication is considered
unethical.
Lesson 2: Local and Global Communication in
Multicultural Settings
Barriers to Effective Communication in a
Global Environment:
1. Cultural Relativism
2. Lack of knowledge of others’ culture
3. Discrimination and harassment
4. Language Differences
Strategies to Become an Effective Global
Communication
1. Review the Communication Principle
2. Analyze the Message Receiver
3. Be open to accepting of other culture
4. Learn about cultures and apply what is learned.
5. Consider language needs.
Communication and Globalization
Globalization is the communication and
assimilation among individuals, ethnicities, races,
institutions, and governments of various nations
supported by technology and compelled by
international trade.
Intercultural Communication - refers to
interaction with people from diverse cultures.
Form of Intercultural Communication (Jandt,
1998)
1. Interracial Communication- Communicating
with people from different races.
Interethnic Communication- interacting with
people of different ethnic origins.
2. International Communication-
Communicating between representatives from
different nations.
3. Intracultural Communication- Interacting
with members of the same racial or group ethnic
group or co-culture.
Two types of Context Communications.
1. High-context -is a tradition-linked
communication system that adheres strongly to
being indirect.
2. Low-context - a system that works on
straightforward communication.
Improving Intercultural Communication
Competence
Guidelines may help you enhance your ability to
communicate effectively across cultures
1. Recognize the validity and differences of
communication styles among people.
2. Learn to eliminate personal biases and
prejudices
3. Strive to acquire the communication skills
necessary in a multicultural world.
Lesson 3: Varieties and Register of Spoken and
Written Language
Varieties of Spoken and Written Language
Lin (2016) presents the following nature of
language variation as prescribed by most linguists
based on the ideas of Mahboob (2014)
1. Language varies when communicating
with people with in (local) and outside
(global) our community.
2. Language varies in speaking and in
writing.
3. Language varies in everyday and
specialized discourses.
Eight domains of Language
1. Local Everyday Written - This may include
instances of local everyday written usage found in
the neighborhood poster.
2. Local everyday oral - may occur in local
communication among neighbors in everyday,
informal, and local varieties of languages.
3. Local specialized written - An example of
local specialized written usage can be found in the
publications and websites of local societies such as
the Baguio Midland Courier.
4. Local Specialized oral - involves specialized
discourses. For an instant, in a computer shop in
the neighborhood, specialized local usage can be
found. (Specialized computer game-related
vocabulary is used)
5. Global everyday writing - avoids local
colloquialisms to make the text accessible to wider
communities of readers.
6. Global everyday oral - may occur in
interactions between people coming from different
parts of the world when they talk about everyday
casual topics.
7. Global specialized writing - expands to as
many readers internationally, hence the non-usage
of local colloquial expression
Ex: International research journal articles.
8. Global specialized oral - occurs when people
from different parts of the world discuss
specialized topics in spoken form.
Ex: Paper presentation sessions at an international
academic conference.