G Interior Angle @ @ @ POLYGONS A polygon is a closed plane figure bounded by line segments as sides. PARTS OF A POLYGON Gea vertex Exterior Angle | Side - Side - one of the line segments that make up the polygon Vertex - a point where two sides of the polygon meet. Two or more points are called vertices. Diagonal - a line connecting two non-consecutive vertices in a polygon. Interior angle - angle formed by two adjacent sides inside | the polygon Exterior angle - angle formed by two adjacent sides outs, the polygon, one of which has been extended. = OF POLYGON: Conyex Polygon: A cadnvex polygon is a polygon in which no interior angle is greater than 180° Contave Polygon A ¢oncave polygon is one having at least one interior angle greater than 180° | |COMMON REGULAR PoLYGons Lidell ay Triangle 2 Quadrangle 4 Pentagon a) Hexagon 6 Heptagon vs Octagon 8 Nonagon 9 Decagon 10 Undecagon/ Hendecagon 11 Dodecagon 12: Tridecagon / Triskaidecagon 13 Tetradecagon / Tetrakaidecagon 14 _.| Quindecagon /, Pentakaidecagon 15 Hexadecagon / Hexakaidecagon 16 Heptadecagon / Heptakaidecagon. LG Octadecagon / Octakaidecagon 18 Enneadecagon / Enneakaidecagon 19 Icosagon : 20 Triacontagon { 30 Tetracontagon 40 Pentacontagon 50 Hexacontagon 60 Heptacontagon 70 OCtacontagon 80 Enneacontagon 90 Hectogon / Hecatontagon ' 100 Chilliagon : 1000 Myriagon 10000 isA TO CONSTRUCT A NAME, COMBINE THE PREFIX+ SUFFIX: Sides Prefix Sides Suffix 20 _ Icosikai... +1 ...henagon +2 ...digon 30 Triacontakai... 40 Tetracontakai... +3 ...trigon 50 Pentacontakai... +4 ...tetragon 60 Hexacontakai... +5 ...pentagon 70 Heptacontakai... 80 Octacontakai... 90 Enneacontakai... +8 ...0ctagon +9 ...enneagon +6 ...hexagon +7 ...heptagon EXAMPLES: 56 sided polygon - Pentacontakaihexagon 38 sided polygon — Tricontakaioctagon D ANGLE MEASUREMENTS AND NUMBER OF DIAGONALS ~@ Number of Diagonals: the D=5(n-3) j WHE. -@ Sum of Exterior Angles: 8 = interior angle #52 360° _ G=central angle | t= radius of _ © Measure of Exterior Angle: inscribed circle _ 360 _ R=radius of ae S circumscribed circle _ X= side cases, n=no.of sidesfinal Cdition @ AREA AND PERIMETER OF REGULAR POLYGONSMI. QUADRILATERALS A quadrilateral is a plane figure with four straight sides. @ PARALLELOGRAM A parallelogram \s a quadrilateral In a which opposite sides are parallel and equal. 5 b © Formulas for Area & Perimeter: Given base and altitude @ Given base and altitude : = A=bh @ Given diagonals : ‘ =A= 4d¢,sino © Given adjacent sides and their included angle: = A=absin@ © Perimeter : =P=2(at+b) BH square MS i ey ous Given adjacent sides and - included angle oShst edition OH Rectangle & Note: The = height — or altitude of a trapezoid is the shortest — distance | between the two parallel sides@ RHoMBUs is a quadrilateral GS) les are equal but none en four sides and sum of pposite angles: s~c)(s—d)-abedoos* 6 i—perimeterPeat Uy eee @ CYCLIC QUADRILATERALComplete Mathematics For Engineers Licensure ©s"" Ea @_ RELATIONSHIP AMONG SPECIAL PARALLELOGRAM Rectangles Squares Parallelogram Rhombus Quick Facts to Remember! @ @ @ @ The opposite sides of a parallelogram are parallel and congruent. The opposite angles of a parallelogram are congruent. The consecutive angles of a parallelogram are supplementary. The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other. A diagonal of a parallelogram divides it into two congruent triangles Every rectangle and every rhombus must be a parallelogram. Every square is both rectangle and a rhombus All sides of a rhombus are equal. The diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular bisectors of each other The diagonals of a rhombus bisect the vertex anglesIll. SPECIAL POLYGONS @ Pentagram :( regular 5-pointed star) = A=1123r? @ Hexagram: (star of David) =A=,8 1? Where: r= radius of circumscribing Circle IV. PARABOLIC SEGMENT AND SPANDREL @ Parabolic Segment: Vv. ELLIPSE © = Area of an Ellipse: @ Circumference: Q First Approximation: O Better Approximation:VI. CIRCLE @G CIRCLE RELATIONSHIPS G DEFINITIONS Wy 10. af, Circle - is the set of all points in a plane that are at the same distance from a fixed point called the center. Radius - is a line segment / el atele joining the center to a point on a SOUR circle ac rads = OB). Renee Central angle - is an angle Diameter formed by two radius. Beart §= ZBOC Tangent Inscribed angle - is an angle whose vertex is on the circle and whose sides are chord. B= 2ZBAC .. Arc - is a continuous part of a circle. : s=AB i tea Minor arc - is an arc that is less than a semi-circle i s=BC ; Major arc - is an arc that is greater than a semi-circle. s = AFB Chord - is a line segment joining two points of the circumference chord = AB CG Diameter - is a chord through the center of the circle D=AC Secant - is a line that intersects the circle at two points. secant=ED ° Tangent - is a line that touches the circle at one and only one point. Tangent = GH0 Theorems on Circle @ The perpendicular drawn from the center of a circle to a chord bisects the chord, = PQ=QR @ Equal chords of a circle are equidistant form the center of the circle. =d,=d, @A central angle is measured by its intercepted arc; (i.e. a central angle o oo Tsiese a 50 ae) or one i half the al angle for the measure of th ; same intercept [ I | @ Aninscribed angle is I | | © An inscribed angle intercepting a sens) circle is 90 ‘degrees, ; uy = £6=8=90° ‘= O= 180%.@ An angle formed by a tangent and a chord is measured by one- half its intercepted arc. AB SZA= 2 ® An angle formed by two intersecting chords is measured by one-half the sum of the intercepted arcs. =0=3(8¢+DA) And also: = ac =bd © An angle formed by two tangents _ intersecting outside a circle is _ measured by one-half the difference of the intercepted arcs. _ = ®@=—/|BAD-DI | = 8=>(BAD- 68) @ An angle formed by two secants intersecting outside a circle is measured by one-half the difference of the intercepted ares. . = 9=-(AC-Bi ) 5(AC-80 = PA-PB=PC-PD O@ An angle formed by a tangent and a secant intersecting outside a circle is measured by one-half the difference of the intercepted arcs. Fs = ba LlAD- 3(A0 80) = (PD) =PA-PB@ AREA OF A CIRCLE vo Amr? in terms of radius 2 eae vy ee Loe —» in terms diameter — where: A= area r=radius D = diameter © Circumference of a Cire! where: s=length of arc _ r=radius @ = angle in radians @ AREA OF A CIRCULAR SECTOR where: r=radius s=length of intercepted arc = angle in radians tin ie ence