Example of A Research Paper

COLLEGE OF SAINT ADELA, INC
The Impacts of Limited Expenditure to Selected Grade 12 Online Class

Performance in College of Saint Adela S.Y. 2020-2021
Submitted by:
Grade 12 ABM
April 2021
ABSTRACT
This study was designed to investigate how limited expenditure affects the online
class performance of the students enrolled in College of Saint Adela Inc. Emphasis was
put on trying to establish the relationship between the profile of the respondents, limited
expenditure, and online class performance of selected grade 12 online class perfor-
mance in their class. The validity and reliability of research instruments were established
and data was collected from one hundred fifty respondents selected from Grade 12 stu-
dents using the convenience sampling method. The instrumentation was used through
the questionnaire. To analyze the data, we derived from Waiberg's Educational Produc-
tivity Theory, Grusec and Davidov Family Financial Socialization Theory, and Connec-
tivism learning Theory were used to aim of establishing the relationship between stu-
dent’s gadgets, parents’ socio-economic status, student’s environment and online class
performance of 12 students of College of Saint Adela Inc. Results showed that the ma-
jority of the respondents are 18 years old (50%. Students with a monthly income of less
than Php 20,000 have a frequency of 100, which is equal to 66.67 percent. The strands
have the same frequency and percentage which is 16.67%. And in terms of sex, the fre-
quencies are the same and it is both 50%. Test of difference showed that it identified a
total of 2.4 mean and 2.09 standard deviations in Limited Expenditure and Online Class
Results, indicating that there is no substantial relationship between limited expenditure
and student performance in online classes.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The study is a product of the hard work and collaborative efforts of the re-
searchers and some special persons.
The Researchers would like to express their sincere gratitude and appreciation to
those who in one way or another helped bring this work to completion.
First and foremost, praises and thanks to the God, the Almighty, for his showers
of blessing and for giving the Researchers’ persistence and wisdom throughout to
complete the research successfully.
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to our research teacher, Ma’am
Ehlie Gomintong Baguinaon for allowing us to do research and providing guidance
throughout this research. Her patience, consideration, and willingness to help us have
deeply inspired us. She taught and prepared us to present the research works clearly as
possible. We are extremely grateful for what she has offered to us.
We are extremely grateful to our parents for their love, prayers, caring and sacri-
fices for educating and preparing us for our future. We are also very much thankful to
our friends for the help and support to complete this research work.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page …………………………………………………………………………….

Abstract ………………………………………………………………………………..ii
Acknowledgement ……………………………………………………….………..…iii
Table of Contents ……………………………………………………………………iv
List of Tables
List of Figures
Chapter Page
1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction 1
Statement of the Problem 2
Hypothesis 2
Theoretical Construct of the Study 3
Conceptual Framework 5
Scope and Delimitation of the Study 6
Significance of the Study 6
Definition of Terms 8
2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Synthesis of Related Studies and Literature
Foreign studies 9
Local Studies 11
Local Literature 13
Foreign Literature 15
3 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

Research Design 17
Research Locale and Sampling 17
Research Instruments and Validation 18
Data Gathering Procedure 19
iv
Statistical Treatment 19
4 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF THE STUDY 21
5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary 29
Conclusion 30
Recommendations 30
REFERENCES 31
APPENDICES
Sample of Questionnaires from Structured Interview 37
Permission Letter to Coordinators 39
Permission Letter to Respondents 40
Plagiarism Checker and Grammar Checker Results 41
CURRICULUM VITAE 48
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Chapter I
The Problem and Its Background
This Chapter discusses the Introduction, Statement of the Problem, Hypothesis,
Theoretical Construct of the Study, Conceptual Framework, Scope and Delimitation,
Significance of Study, and Definition of terms.
Introduction
Education is important in life; however, in this pandemic amidst where the source is
limited, education most likely to be sacrificed. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the
normal living of everyone. Basic needs such as food, clothing, shelter, and utilities are
the main priority in this time of being. Aside from these, students also have school fees
to settle, gadgets, and means of internet access to connect in this new e-learning. Many
students have been finding it difficult to sustain their needs because they lack money.
Nowadays, money is significant. Currency is required for daily survival. For one to
preserve a certain quality of life, incomes are an incredibly important matter (Park,
2014). Having a stable financial status helps a lot in taking an education. Park also
stated that people value education highly in their lives and quality education is
dependent on the amount of money spent on this type of investment. Parents play a big
part in supporting their child’s needs.
Online learning is a new way and the safest option for students. There is the
possibility that online learning will be able to provide anybody, and anywhere with a
world-class education as long as they have access to the Internet (Nguyen, 2015). The
Internet and the World Wide Web is just one click away and it carries all the information
and connection needed such as the Learning Management systems (LMS), meeting
apps, and the social media.
Teachers and students are interacting using these to make this home-based learning
work. Gadgets and internet connections are additional materials that are needed to
participate in online classes. Education provides an understanding of the world around
us and transforms it into something better. Among other things, education makes us
capable of understanding things. Kafoumba Doumbia stated that without education,
information can’t be translated into wisdom.
1
Statement of the Problem

The primary goal of this research is to know the impact of Limited Expenditure to the
student’s online class performance
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1. Strand;
1.2. Age;
1.3. Sex;
1.4. Socioeconomic status; and
1.5. Number of gadgets?
2. How may limited expenditure be described in terms of:

2.1. Utility Expense;
2.2. Food Expense; and
2.3. Supplies and Materials?
3. How may student’s online class performance be assessed in terms of:

3.1. Internet connection;
3.2. Gadgets; and
3.3. Environment?
4. Is there a significant effect between the Limited Expenditure in student’s online class
performance?
Hypothesis
Ho1: There is no significant effect between the limited expenditure and student’s online
class performance.
2
Theoretical Construct of the Study

Family Financial Socialization Theory
Despite today’s technological age, many are still lacking with gadgets such as
phones and laptops, internet connection, and also not everyone can afford to have
books or modules. Studying is one of the priorities that the student has even at this time
of pandemic, changes, and adjustments have been done, and studying online is the
biggest option alongside the factors that can cause negative results. A person knows
that they have to save money however they do not know what the point of doing it so.
There are factors where parents are primary in socialization have been suggested by
Grusec and Davidov (2007), parents are "biologically trained" not just to create offspring,
but to meet the multifaceted demands of their upbringing and parents influence the
economic and material support that children need to grow and develop.
The Educational Productivity Theory
Nine factors need optimization to improve affective, behavioral, and cognitive
learning, according to Walberg (1981). Three groups were identified with nine factors
affecting the quality of academic performance: aptitude (capacity, growth, and
motivation); teaching (quantity and quality); environment (home, classroom, peers, and
television).
In Waiberg's model, these five basic aptitude and educational factors are only
partially modifiable by educators such as the curriculum and terms of the time spent on
different subjects and activities. Then, ability and motivation are affected by parents, by
previous experience, and by the students themselves. Thus, on their efforts alone,
educators are unable to increase achievement significantly. However, the four remaining
factors are environmental variables. Three of these environmental factors impact
learning in two ways: the classroom community’s psychological climate; enduring love
and intellectual stimulation from parents at home; and an out-of-school peer group with
its learning interests, priorities, and activities.
Wherein, parents are the ones that should be capable of fulfilling the needs of their
child such as the education and the requirements needed in learning. They were the
ones to guide their child on their choices and actions since they are the first person who
lived close to the children. Parents are also the first person to enlighten their children on
how much financial aid matters. Limited expenditures can cause struggles among
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students. Having a great academic performance indicates the positive outcome of the
student’s efforts. Aside from the fact that students are not familiar with this online
method of learning, the reason may be the student is working hard to fulfill their financial
needs that makes education the least prioritized. The explanation could be the students
with poor financial history have to work hard for their studies as well as their living
expenses. Also, the environment that surrounds the student can affect their
performance. On how the parents, teachers, and even their peers approach, they can
have a great impact on their studies. It decreases their ability to do well which resulted in
poor academic performance.
Connectivism learning theory
In this time of the pandemic, students are learning online but somehow parents are
not convinced if their child will learn something from studying online however according
to George Siemens (2004) learning is a process that takes place in nebulous
environments with changing core elements, which means that it is not something that
can be controlled by a single person. Learning as actionable knowledge, according to
George Siemens (2004), can be learned outside of ourselves, in an institution or
database that is based on linking specialized information sets and interactions that allow
students to learn more and more important than our current state of knowledge.
Conceptual Framework
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
The Impacts of Limited

Expenditure to Selected
Grade 12 Online Class
performance in College
of Saint Adela S.Y. 2020-
2021
The Researches will The Impacts of Limited
Statement of the
conduct this study in a Expenditure to Selected
Problem:
new normal way. The Grade 12 Online Class
1. What are the demographic Researchers will use the
profiles of the respondents in performance in College
terms of:
social media to of Saint Adela S.Y.
communicate with the 2020-2021
1.1 Strand; respondents. The
1.2. Age; Researchers will use
survey questionnaire to Fundraising through
1.3 Sex;
gather data from the Social Media
1.4 Socioeconomic Status;
and respondents. Also, the
Researchers will gather Free Google Searching
1.5. Number of gadgets? studies and information of Information
2. How may limited from the internet with the (Through personal
expenditure be described in proper citations. messages)
terms of:
2.1 Utility Expense;
2.2 Food Expenses; and
2.3 Supplies and materials?
3. How may respondent’s
online class can be assessed
This conceptual framework represents the data of the research entitled, “The Impacts
of Limited Expenditure to Selected Grade 12 Senior High School Online Class
performance in College of Saint Adela S.Y. 2020-2021”, the process with the use of
survey questionnaire and gathering of valid information only and the output of
fundraising and free Google searching of information through personal messages.
Wherein, the Researchers will use social media platforms such as Facebook and
Instagram to raise a fundraising program. The money that will be gathered from
donations will be used to buy school supplies such as notebooks, pens, flash drives, and
a study table. While in the free Google searching of information, the Researchers will
create a Facebook page. Here the students who not have an internet connection can
send a personal message and the admins, which is the Researchers will respond to their
messages.
Scope and Limitation of the Study

This research paper deals with the impacts of limited expenditure on the online class
performance of selected Grade 12 students. The respondents of this research are the
selected seventy-five (75) females and seventy-five (75) males’ students. A total
samples of one hundred fifty (150) students from College of Saint Adela Inc. The
Researchers selected twenty-five (25) respondents, consists of twelve (12) males and
thirteen (13) females in each strand from Science Technology, Engineering and
Mathematics (STEM), General Academic (GA), and Humanities and Social Science
(HUMSS). While the Researchers selected thirteen (13) males and twelve (12) females
in each strand from Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Food and
Beverage Services (FBS), and Bread and Pastry Production (BPP). The Researchers
did not select respondents from Accountancy and Business Management since they
were students from this strand.
The Researchers will use the Convenience Sampling Method. Wherein, the
respondents were chosen depending on their availability and willingness to participate in
the study. This study is focused on the demographic profile of the students such as the
Strand, Age, Sex, Socioeconomic status and Number of gadgets; Utility Expense, Food
Expense, and Supplies and Equipment that give possible effects to have limited
expenditure; and also Gadgets, Internet Connection and Environment that assess the
Online Class performance.
The Researchers will gather information from the respondents using a survey
questionnaire through the use of social media and will gather valid information only.
Significance of the Study

This study shall give an accurate analysis of the Impact of Limited Expenditure to
Selected Grade 12 Senior High School in Online Class Performance that will benefits
whether in a tiny scale or wide range scale to the following individuals in their respective
fields.
DepEd Authorities. The Department of Education’s main goal is to provide
sustainable development which promotes student’s excellence to be able to produce
productive equal access for their preparation of global competitiveness. Having Limited
Expenditure is one of the common factors that obstruct the pertinacious of this goal.
When the results are vivid, the DepEd Authorities together with the school administration
may conduct step-by-step planning and finalize it to be able to terminate the problem of
limited expenditure.
Students. This will benefit the 6 students since they are the most
related in this kind of research because most of the schools implemented the study
process through online classes amidst this pandemic. Students will benefit to know more
about this study and realize that they should be more diligent and be responsible in their
tasks even if they are in an online class.
Parents. This will benefit the parents so they will be aware of the impact of
expenditure of their child in online class performance, they will motivate and guide more
their child to attend in their online class and be responsible to do their works like
modules in the right time. They will also find a way to help and fulfill the needs of their
child in school financially.
Teachers. Teachers are the ones who need to have more knowledge about the
impact of limited expenditure on their students because they are the ones who will help
the students to learn the lessons in the easiest ways even in an online class, and also
the teacher will decide how to make it easier for students to understand and perform the
activities they will provide without hassling them.
School Administrators. The result of this study will help administrators to organize
more the time that should be managed and the process of doing an online class. Also,
for them to be able to understand that not everyone is financially stable to meet the
online class requirements.
Future Researchers. The process of this study will produce a great satisfaction for
future researchers that could serve as a basis or reference for their future research. This
will also serve as a guide on how to conduct quantitative research in society.
World. The result of this study will help not only the grade 12 Senior High School of
College of Saint Adela Inc. but also the different countries in the world. In this study, they
will know and understand that in every household there is a student who is struggling
with resources that can impact their learning. Adjustments can be done for those
students who are lacking in expenditures and resources.
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Definition of Terms
Limited Expenditure. The Researchers used this term as the resources are limited and
the expenses should be rightful and justifiable.
Online Class performance. The Researchers used this term to refer to the student’s per-
formance done through an online class.
Strand. The Researchers used this term as the different learning areas of expertise.
Age. The length of time that a person or thing has existed (Mifflin, 2016)
Sex. It refers to the biological differences between males and females, such as the geni-
talia and genetic differences. (Cross, K et al, 2018)
Socioeconomic Status. Identified as a measure of the combined economic and social
status of one and appears to be correlated with better health positively. (Baker, E., 2014)
Number of gadgets. The Researchers used this term as the capability of each household
to own multiple gadgets
Utility Expense. The Researchers used this term as expenses in electricity, gas, water,
other services such as internet, cable TV, and phone services.
Food Expense. The Researchers used this term money spent on food supply.
Supplies and materials. The Researchers used this term as the basic materials that con-
sumed monthly aside from foods.
Internet Connection. The Researchers used this term as the capability of using and con-
necting to the internet.
Gadgets. The Researchers used this term as the tool used by the students in the online
class.
Environment. It is the sum of the total of the elements, factors, and conditions in the sur-
roundings which may have an impact on the development, action, or survival of an or-
ganism or group of organisms. (William C. et al, 2018)
Chapter II
Review of Related Literature
This chapter presents the review of related literature to the study of the impacts of
limited expenditure to selected grade 12 ABM online class performance.
Synthesis of Related Studies and Literature

Foreign Studies
Home-based studying is easier with having all the student’s needs. However, having
limited expenditures can only be exact in fulfilling all the household’s essential needs.
Several kinds of research show that limited expenditure exerts a significant effect on
student’s online class performance.
Dinan (2009) claimed that budgets for basic needs only cover everyday essentials:
shelter, food, transportation, child care, medical care, and a little more for other
necessities, such as clothes and school supplies. Despite their hard work, millions of
parents find themselves unable to make ends meet. With the high cost of daily expenses
and the federal minimum wage, even a full-time career is not a guarantee of economic
protection. Many families are forced to compromise on their essential needs without
adequate cash to cover the cost of rent, food, child care, health care, transportation, and
other necessities.
The majority of researchers believe that low socioeconomic status has a direct effect
on student academic performance because students' basic needs are not met, and as a
result, they do not perform better academically (Adams, 1996). Having enough
resources needed in learning can decrease their struggle in coping up in class. It can
also motivate the student to pursue their study even more. However, having limited
expenditure can stop the students from receiving the essential needs they needed.
Foods are one of the basic needs of each individual. Each household has no choice
but to prepare their meals during the community quarantine. Wherein, Bostwick (2013)
emphasized that doing grocery for every 2 weeks can help to save up more money and
time. Come up with a 14-day menu of dishes with traditional ingredients for a long shelf-
life. It is the most efficient way to spend especially when the expenditures are limited.
A survey conducted by Save the Children International (2020), revealed that at least
10 million students worldwide would not be able to return to school this year because of
9
incapability to access the technology required for distance learning and the resources
they need at home. Parents, pupils, teachers, and school administrators around the
world were confused about how to safely pull off a new school term and still educate
people. Schwab (2020) pointed that multiple devices are required for families with
several children. There are lots of expenses that come with home education. Parents
can’t rely on lunches at school and special programs for learning. And, of course, for
households who do not have the internet or need a stronger link, there’s a technology
upgrade.
Lynch (2017) stated that lack of reliable, high-speed internet will only make the so-
called achievement gap wider. Experiencing and attending the actual class meetings can
help the students understand the lessons easily. Having a fast and stable internet
connection in this home-based learning is an advantage for students with access and a
disadvantage for those who don’t. Chaloux (2008) claimed that the online classes also
have an additional fee to settle applied to computers, Internet access, and "technology"
fees. At the speed of lightning, technology continues to evolve and everyone who does
not keep up is in danger of being left behind. The way students’ research has changed
dramatically as a result. Although books remain a valuable tool, the need to spend hours
and hours sitting in the library has drastically decreased. Students now have various
choices open to them when it comes to strategies for learning.
Also, parents can serve as a great factor in students learning. Wherein, Krashen
(2005) concluded that on test scores, students whose parents are educated score higher
than those whose parents have not been educated. Students can ask for help and
instruction and their parents. Educated parents can teach and guide the student more in
their studies. Also, Calarco (2020) stated that encouraging children to finish their
homework is often difficult for families that handling full-time jobs and household duties
on a limited budget. Families with low incomes can also have difficulty keeping their kids
studying because they cannot afford the requisite technology. Students will face huge
challenges to academic achievement, and their families cannot easily set up a school-
like atmosphere of laptops, quiet workspaces, and hands-on help to keep them studying
while at home. Although it is impossible to determine how families will cope with the
difficult situation, research shows that if schools stay closed longer, low-income parents
will have a tougher time helping their kids keep learning.
10
A setting where students study affects the way they perform academic activities.
Weaver (2013) emphasized that another aspect that impacts academic success may be
environmental constraints. This may include the opportunities provided by a student's
environment, or, perhaps most importantly, their parents' financial condition. Every
learner needs to have a place wherein they can study effectively.
Local Studies
Since in-face classes are impossible, the Department of Education (DepEd) and the
Commission on Higher Education (CHED), which governs schools, have compiled
distance learning options that include online platforms, offline courses, or a hybrid of the
two, called blended or flexible learning. Yet, only one issue was solved by obtaining a
laptop for online classes. Students are often locked out of class by power outages and a
sluggish internet connection. Santos (2020) mentioned that having one device as a
sibling inevitably results in conflicts over who gets to use it when their class schedules
overlap. Besides, Nicholls (2020) claimed that due to lack of access to gadgets or the
internet, most of them prefer printed modules or lessons as their alternative learning
delivery modality. It is the best option for those who do not have and not capable of
buying gadgets for their online class. In which, the students will receive hardcopy or
softcopy modules that they will use to study without being obligated to attend the online
meeting sessions.
Many children from low-income families dropped out of school because schools
reported a lack of the devices required for such learning, and students found it difficult to
share them (See and Rinoza, 2020). Wherein, not every household is capable of buying
new gadgets needed for the online class. Sebastian (2020) stated that due to online
learning, power and internet expenditures have doubled. Since everybody is at home all
day, food and grocery expenses are now doubled per month. From food to electricity
and internet, were also doubled because of online classes. Buying a machine and a
printer are also financial setbacks, as certain worksheets need to be typed and printed.
This is a truly big increase in the monthly spending of many Filipino families. Alipio
(2020), pointed that if the financial, operational, and internet connectivity issues of
learners in the low-income sector and rural areas are resolved, the future shift to e-
learning should be considered. Further strategic planning and quality control processes,
11
without sacrificing quality learning, should be geared towards fair and inclusive
education. Some teachers may go back to basics and distribute annotated physical
textbooks via courier services to their students. As long as teachers and students are
active in the education field, the curriculum and content of the learning modules are well
developed and customized, technical constraints are understood, and user-friendly and
enjoyable materials are present, education can continue in one way or another.
Several factors need to be weighed as the Philippines moves into a new style of
learning. This involves the skill of teachers, the learner’s circumstance and context, and
the learning environment’s effectiveness (Joaquin, Biana, and Dacela, 2020). A child
who lives in a stressful home environment tends to become more stressed and produce
disruptive behavior at school. Also, students who worry about their safety at home tend
to underperform academically. Studying at a quiet place such as the library, or a quiet
room is the best way to concentrate. Having a noisy environment is disturbing. The focus
that you have while studying will be diverted to the source of the noise. That is why
Mayor Zamora banned videoke during weekdays and stated that “our students are
already having a hard time adjusting to their online classes. Loud music would only
make it more difficult for them at these times” (San Juan to ban videoke, 2020).
While on the other hand, amid perennial problems with slow internet, many parents in
Cebu raised concerns regarding internet-based learning (Parents: Slow internet, 2020).
Also, Garcia (2017) claimed that students can notice that when the internet connection is
stable, it is easier to access the LMS. Experiencing lag and disconnections during online
class is stressful for students as well as to some parents. With just a simple lag and
disconnection, the student can miss some of the important parts of the discussion.
Having fast internet access can help the students be at advantage in the online class.
Because of the quarantine measures, schools were required to keep the rest of their
semester online. Students told that some of their teachers were difficult to meet, with
one of them suffering a power shortage, making it difficult to contact them (Cua, 2020).
They found that the online learning format is not that effective. Being more considerate
to those who do not have an internet connection is needed and still, the online learning
experience is different in the physical classroom setting.
Local Literature
Some students were simply using 12 all of the available tools. Pobar (2012)
explained, “it means that their basic needs have not yet been met, making it difficult for
them to meet the next higher requirements.” A poor family, according to Flores (2020),
earns a low monthly income and lives in the NCR or Cavite. Because of that, they can't
provide their children a quality education at home. It is simply not enough, given the
monthly cost of data and a laptop, on top of rent, food, and basic utilities. It would
already eat up almost half of the monthly earnings of a family to have to buy a low-end
laptop.
Tullao and Rivera (2009) claimed that as the income of households’ increases, they
will also increase their expenditures on normal goods and services. According to Kritz
(2020), some families would be unable to adapt to the criteria for online schooling and
will be left behind or forced to find alternative methods of education for their children.
However, primary education is widely government-funded in the Philippines. The
Department of Education is doing everything for everyone not to be left out.
Faced with the great problem of the digital divide, the creation of an ICT-skilled
population in Asia is an uphill battle. Ramos( (2007) and Ali (2020) emphasized that
access to information, communication technology, and facilities in urban centers are
minimal and available only to those who can afford it. It is a big challenge for every
business, government agency, school, and home to have an access to information
technology. The Government of the Philippines has realized the need to address the
problems of ICT implementation, and committed itself, in its IT action agenda to ensure
that everyone will have access to information technology by the turn of the 21st century,
via community-based access at least.
Even back then, students in the Philippines were struggling to stay connected, with
inadequate internet connectivity preventing students from attending classes, affecting
their overall academic performance (“Lack of subsidies for gadgets and mobile data,”
2020). To apply requirements and keep up with classmates, some students go to the
extent of climbing mountains, crossing rivers, and living in improvised tree houses.
When considering the population’s access to devices to connect to the internet, the
figures do not make for any better reading. In the first place, the fact that such hurdles
13
exist should have been ample proof that the education system is flatly unprepared for
the reopening of classes.
Not every household is capable of the online class method. Instead of thinking
because they cannot afford a gadget and internet access, the modular method is the
other option. The Department of Education (DepEd) postponed the starting of the school
year and provided students at home with self-Learning modules (Dollanganger, 2020).
Also, DepEd will use television and radio-based instructions across the country to
broadcast lessons, materials, and instructions to those who don't have access to a
computer or the internet (Malindog-Uy, 2020).
In a nation of 108 million Filipinos, where less than a fifth of households have internet
access and many lack mobile devices, the transition to online courses, self-learning
modules, and television and radio programs has proven extremely difficult, according to
Lopez (2021). The outbreak of COVID-19 not only forced everyone to think about the
technologies for providing education, despite the different stresses it brings. It also
forced all to question the very essence of education itself. Specific policies that will
promote a new generation of distance educators should be created and enforced by the
government. In essence, educators need to innovate to ensure that education has still
quality.
“Adding more work to the students raises their burden and opposes the specified
intention of the lockout, which is to help their families prepare and adapt to the situation
at hand,” according to Bagayas (2020). It is a concern about the lack of environments
conducive to home learning and the effectiveness of online lectures. While the
government recognizes the need to continue studying, the diverse situations of
university students are not suitable and conducive to such conditions. Students
emphasized how the impact of the coronavirus outbreak on the community may make it
difficult for them to concentrate on academic requirements, especially if they are already
physically, mentally, and financially struggling. In light of the constraints imposed by the
lockdown, others can also cope with household preparations. The possible absence of
environments conducive to learning at home and the usefulness of online lectures is
another concern they posed.
Foreign Literature
A variety of mechanisms have been suggested that link socioeconomic status to child
well-being, with most involving disparities in access to material and
14
social services or responses by both the children themselves and their
parents to stress-inducing conditions. Checchi (2000) claimed that rich parents provide
all critical and required facilities for their educational achievements to their children and
they give good results in their examination in return. Students with this kind of
socioeconomic status have no problem when it comes to providing their educational
needs even in having online classes. They can directly focus on their studies and not be
bothered with any financial problems.
Money adequacy influences the academic performance of learners. Roulston (2009)
noted that children who struggle financially are far more likely than their wealthier peers
to have fewer basic needs. Knowing that their expenditures are limited, they do not
desire to have more but only to live on what they now have. To budget and find a source
of money for their educational needs is a big challenge for most of the students. The
need for stationery is another thing that eats deep into the pockets of students (Nnamani
et. al., 2014). Financial status has been found to depend on the source of finance. Self-
sponsored students are happier than those who either receive their money from their
parents or a fund for scholarships.
Maslow’s Hierarchy or pyramid of human needs explained that the most basic need
of a person is for physical survival are air, food, drink, shelter, clothing, warmth, and
sleep (Kenrick, et.al. 2010). Every child needs to attain all their basic needs. Quality
education is not only enough, they must be having a healthy environment where they
can go. An unlimited resource to have a strong foundation of life is an important factor to
consider.
Students' academic success depends greatly on parental participation in their
academic activities to achieve the highest level of quality of academic achievement
(Barnard, 2004; Henderson, 1988; Shumox & Lomax, 2001). Esparza-LeBlanc (2012)
have claimed that parent's connection and engagement with students are important, they
will feel nurtured and sufficiently encouraged to do a good work of rigorous learning.
Students can be motivated by those around them. Not feeling being alone increases
their determination to pursue their learning and to strive up even more. Wherein, Erwin
15
(2004) stated that unmotivated students do poor work and learn a little while motivated
students do well and learn well.
A child coming from a dysfunctional home setting appears to channel stress into
destructive school activity and to be less able to develop a balanced social and
academic life. Jensen (2009) pointed that students raised in poverty are prone to
pressures that weaken school performance and behavior. Socioeconomic status is
positively associated with good parenting, which facilitates academic achievement. Even
if low-income parents do whatever they can for their children, because of their limited
resources children will be at a major disadvantage.
A student must have a better place in doing school-related activities to learn and
have a good performance but it is hindered by a poor environment. Bradley and Corwyn
(2002) claimed that a child who comes from a stressful home environment may be
associated with that stress transfer with disruptive behavior at school and less likely to
develop a healthy social and academic life. Having this situation causes a big distraction
that limits the child's learning potential. Having a clean and relaxing place can help the
student to study and focus even more. However, poor home learning conditions (for
example, no books, lighting, or places to do homework), influence the functional well-
being and capabilities of children to learn Van der Berg (2008). Having limited resources
in learning cannot increase their performance perhaps it also limits their eagerness to
study.
16
Chapter III
Methodology
This chapter presents the research methodology to be used in this study. It will
describe in detail the research design, population and sampling of the study, research
instrument, data gathering procedure and statistical treatment.
Research Design
A quantitative approach is used in this research design which researchers use things
about mathematics such as numeric information that uses number instead of natural
language description and uses questionnaires to collect data which can be used as
research evidence. As a correlative study, it is the study where the two different
variables are measured to identify their relatedness, whether it is a positive correlation
that the two different variables comes in the same direction that when one variable
increase another variable also increase and vice versa while negative correlation where
the two different variables come to opposite direction whereas the one variable increase
another variable decrease or a zero correlation that there is no relationship between the
two variables.
Research Locale and Sampling
The population of this study is grade 12 senior high school students. The researchers
selected 75 Academic strand students and 75 Technical-Vocational-Livelihood students
for this study. A total samples of 150 students from College of Saint Adela Inc. The
Researchers selected 25 respondents, consists 12 males and 13 females in each strand
from Science Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), General Academic
(GA), and Humanities and Social Science (HUMSS). While the Researchers selected 13
males and 12 females in each strand from Information and Communication Technology
(ICT), Food and Beverage Services (FBS), and Bread and Pastry Production (BPP). The
Researchers did not select respondents from Accountancy and Business Management
since they were students from this strand.
Since this study would be done online, the researchers used convenience sampling.
Wherein, the respondents were chosen depending on their availability and willingness to
participate in the study.
17
Table 1
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Grade 12 Selected Academic Strand
Students
STEM HUMSS GAS F %
Male 12 12 12 36 24%
Female 13 13 13 39 26%
Total 25 25 25 75 50%
Legend: F-Frequency, %- Percentage
Table 2
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Grade 12 Selected Technical-
Vocational-Livelihood Students
FBS BPP ICT F %
Male 13 13 13 39 26%
Female 12 12 12 36 24%
Total 25 25 25 75 50%
Table 3
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Selected Grade 12 Students in
College of Saint Adela in terms of Strand
Respondents F %
Academic Strand 75 50%
Technical-Vocational-Livelihood Strand 75 50%
Total 150 100%
Table 3 shows the demographic profile of the respondents of Grade 12 Senior high
school students with a total of 150 respondents, composed of 75 Academic strand
students and 75 Technical-Vocational-Livelihood students.
Research Instruments and Validation
The instrument used in this study is the survey questionnaires. The survey
questionnaires consist of the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of strand,
age, sex, socioeconomic status, and the number of gadgets. It also focuses on the sub-
variables of both independent and dependent variables like utility expenses, food
18
expenses, supplies and materials, internet connection, environment, and gadgets.

Before collecting data, the researchers make sure to obtain consent from the
respondents and admins. The respondents will be informed of the purpose of the study
and any data that might affect their decision to participate in the study. The
confidentiality and privacy of the respondents will also be respected.
Data Gathering Procedure
To gather the data, the researchers decided on who would be the selected
respondents. After selecting respondents, the researchers asked permission to conduct
this study from the school principal, Mrs. Angelina F. Lim, including Ms.Liezel Paldez
and Ms.Ehlie Rose Baguinaon. After approval, the researchers started giving out a set of
questions that would be filled with data that is necessary for this study.
Statistical Treatment
To define the data effectively, the researchers will use the following formula.
1. Frequency. It was used to know the number of respondents who answered in the
options given for each questions.
2. Percentage. This was used to describe the respondents in terms of their profile
variables such as age, sex, socio-economic status and number of gadgets.
F
%= X 100
N
Where:
% = Percentage
f = frequency
N = total number of respondents
3. Mean. The mean was computed in order to assess the respondents’ limited
expenditure and to describe their online class performance.
Where:
19
∑χ= sum of observations

N = total number of respondents
Table 4
Scale, Range, and Verbal Interpretation from Likert Scale
Scale Range Verbal Interpretation
1 1.00-1.75 Strongly Disagree
2 1.75-2.5 Disagree
3 2.5-3.25 Agree
4 3.25-4.00 Strongly Agree
In order to fully describe the impacts of limited expenditure to online class
performance of the students, the average mean was given an equivalent verbal
interpretation. The statements were evaluated from 1 to 4 based on the personal view of
the respondents. The results were computed to determine the mean of the category
which might fall within the range and interpreted as shown in the table 4.
4. Standard Deviation. The standard deviation was used in order to know how weak or
strong the connection of the variables.
Where:
N = number of elements in a sample
∑ = sums of range of values
(χ –χ̅) ² = average mean
20
Chapter IV
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF THE STUDY
This chapter reviews results and analysis of the collected quantitative data from the
150 respondents of this study.
Table 5
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Selected Grade 12 Students of
College of Saint Adela Inc. in terms of Strand
Strand F %
STEM 25 16.67%
HUMSS 25 16.67%
GA 25 16.67%
ICT 25 16.67%
FBS 25 16.67%
BPP 25 16.67%
TOTAL 150 100%
This table shows the frequency and percentage distribution of each strand from the
school of College of Saint Adela Inc. The frequency of strands STEM, HUMMS, GAS,
ICT, FBS, and BPP are all equal to 25. Same as the percentage that has 16.67% for
each strand.
Table 6
College of Saint Adela Inc. in terms of Age
Age F %
17 24 16%
18 75 50%
19 42 28%
20 9 6%
TOTAL 150 100%
Table 6 represents the frequency and percentage of age for the selected grade 12
students in College of Saint Adela Inc. There are 24 students who are 17 years old that
21
is equivalent to 16%. 75 students belong to 18 years old that have an equivalent of 50%.
42 students are 19 years old which has a percentage of 28. While 9 students belong to
20 years old that has an equivalent of 6%.
Table 7
College of Saint Adela Inc. in terms of Sex
Sex F %
Male 75 50℅
Female 75 50℅
TOTAL 150 100℅
Table 7 shows the frequency and percentage of the selected grade 12 students in
terms of sex. The male and female have both 75 frequency with a total of 150. And their
percentages are both equivalents of 50% that have a total of 100.
Table 8
College of Saint Adela Inc. in terms of Socio-Economic Status
Socio-economic status Frequency %
Below Php 20,000 100 66.67%
Php 20,000 – Php 40,000 35 23.33%
Php 40,000 – Php 100,000 15 10%
TOTAL 150 100%
Table 8 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of the selected grade 12
students from the said school in terms of socio-economic status. Students who have
received below Php 20,000 monthly income are having a frequency of 100 that
equivalent to 66.67%. Next, 35 students have received Php 20,000 – Php 40,000 with an
equivalent of 23.33%. While the 10% for the remaining 15 students who had received
Php 40,000-Php 100,000 of monthly income.
22
Table 9
College of Saint Adela Inc. in terms of Number of Gadgets
Number of Gadgets F %
None 3 2%
Only 1 95 63.33%
2-3 44 29.33%
4 and above 8 5.33%
TOTAL 150 100%
The table above presents the number of gadgets that respondents have. It shows
that 95 students have only 1 gadget and it is equivalent to 63.33%. Next, 44 students
have 2-3 number gadgets resulting in 29.33%. While a percentage of 5.33 for the 8
students who have four and above a number of gadgets.
Table 10
Analysis Distribution of the Impact of Limited Expenditure in terms of Utility
Expense
Statement Mean Standard Verbal
Deviation Interpretation
1. My family and I are using gadgets
and electronic appliances that lead to 2.75 2.04 Agree
huge consumption of electricity.
2. My family and I use the stove always 2.99 2.07 Agree
so we change our kitchen gas monthly.
3. My family and I have an internet 2.58 2.05 Agree
connection to pay monthly.
TOTAL 2.78 2.05 Agree
Legend: “Strongly Disagree (1.00-1.75)”, "Disagree (1.75-2.5)", "Agree (2.5-3.25)" "Strongly Agree (3.25-4.00)"
The Researchers counted in the first statement that there are 2.75 mean and 2.04
standard deviation which gets an agree on the verbal interpretation. While a 2.99 mean
and 2.07 standard deviations in the second statement and the last statement there are
2.58 mean and 2.05 standard deviation that gets of same verbal interpretation which is
23
agree. Therefore, the utility expense of limited expenditure gathered an average mean of
2.78 and average standard deviation of 2.05 which gets an overall agree on the verbal
interpretation.
Table 11
Analysis Distribution of the Impact of Limited Expenditure in terms of Food
Expense
1. My family and I do a food grocery 2.31 2 Disagree
every 2 weeks.
2. My family and I have a huge 2.28 1.09 Disagree
appetite.
3. My family and I love to buy snacks 1.89 1.05 Disagree
and order foods from online business.
TOTAL 2.16 1.08 Disagree
In this table, it presents limited expenditure in terms of food expense which gathered
2.16 average mean and 1.08 average standard deviation that gets a disagree verbal
interpretation. With this, there are 2.31 mean and 2 standard deviations in the first
statement that the researchers counted. In the second statement, there are 2.28 means
and 1.09 standard deviations. And 1.89 mean and 1.05 standard deviations on the last
statement that all gets a disagree on verbal interpretation.
Table 12
Analysis Distribution of the Impact 24 of Limited Expenditure in terms of
Supplies and Materials
1. I am buying school and household 2.69 2.03 Agree
materials needed.
2. I am buying/printing my learning 2.11 1.08 Disagree
modules that are needed in learning.
3. My family and I love ordering 2.23 1.09 Disagree
materials through online shopping
(lazada, shopee, etc.)
TOTAL 2.34 2 Disagree
The Researchers calculated 2.69 mean and 2.03 standard deviations in the first
statement which gets an agree on the verbal interpretation. In the second statement,
there are 2.11 mean and 1.8 standard deviation calculated which gets a disagree verbal
interpretation. While on the third statement there are 2.23 mean and 1.09 standard
deviation which gets a disagree verbal interpretation. Overall, limited expenditure in
terms of supplies and materials has gathered 2.34 average mean and 2 average
standard deviation which gets a disagree verbal interpretation.
Table 13
Analysis Distribution of the Online 25 Class Performance in terms of
Internet Connection
1. I have access of internet 24/7. 2.89 2.06 Agree
2. I am unsatisfied with my internet 2.55 2.02 Agree
speed.
3. I am experiencing disconnection 2.53 2.02 Agree
during my online class meeting.
TOTAL 2.66 2.03 Agree
This table presents the analysis distribution of online class performance in terms of
internet connection which gathered an average mean of 2.66 and an average standard
deviation of 2.03 that gets an overall agree on the verbal interpretation. With this, the
researchers counted that there are 2.89 mean and 2.06 standard deviations in the first
statement. In the second statement, there are 2.55 mean and 2.02 standard deviation.
And 2.53 mean and 2.02 standard deviations in the third statement, which gets of all
agree on the verbal interpretation.
Table 14
Analysis Distribution of the Online Class Performance in terms of Gadgets
1. My gadgets are working smoothly 2.56 2.02 Agree
for my online class.
2. I am sharing gadgets with someone. 1.94 1.06 Disagree
3. I have multiple gadgets to use for 1.81 1.06 Disagree
my online class.
This table shows the analysis distribution of online classes in terms of gadgets. It
shows that it has an overall disagree verbal interpretation from its 2.01 average mean
and 1.08 average standard deviations. The researchers counted that there are 2.56
mean and 2.02 standard deviations in 26 the first statement which gets a
verbal interpretation of agree. Next is, 1.94 mean and 1.06 standard deviation in the
second statement which gets a verbal interpretation of disagree. And in the third
statement, it gets 1.81 mean and 1.06 standard deviations which equivalent to disagree
verbal interpretation.
Table 15
Analysis Distribution of the Online Class Performance in terms of Environment
1. I have responsibility of taking care of 2.94 2.06 Agree
my siblings and household chores.
2. I have noisy environment around me 2.85 2.05 Agree
that can disturb my learning.
3. The people around me are 1.57 1.02 Strongly
encouraging me to skip my online Disagree
class.
This table shows the analysis distribution of the online class in terms of environment,
which gathered 2.45 average mean and 2.01 average standard deviations that result of
disagree. The researchers counted that there are 2.94 mean and 2.06 standard
deviations in the first statement that gets an agree on the verbal interpretation. 2.85
mean and 2.05 standard deviations in the second statement which gets an agree on the
verbal interpretation. And in the third statement, has a 1.57 mean and 1.02 SD which
gets a strongly disagree verbal interpretation.
Table 16
Average Distribution and p-value of 27 Limited Expenditure and Online
Class Performance
Title Mean Standard Verbal
Limited Expenditure 2.04 2.01 Disagree
Online Class Performance 2.04 2.07 Disagree
p-value 0.17 Fail to Reject
Legend: “Strongly Disagree (1.00-1.75)”, "Disagree (1.75-2.5)", "Agree (2.5-3.25)" "Strongly Agree (3.25-4.00)”. If the p-
value is less than or equal to 0.05, reject the null. If the p-value is greater than or equal to 0.05, fail to reject the null.
The table above shows the average distribution of limited expenditure and online
class performance. The researchers gathered that there are 2.04 mean and 2.01
standard deviations in the limited expenditure which gets a verbal interpretation of
disagree. While in the online class performance it has a 2.04 mean and 2.07 standard
deviations that also get a verbal interpretation of disagree. In this case, the both of two
have the same total average mean which is 2.04, and standard deviation of 2.01 and
2.07, and results of disagree verbal interpretation. Furthermore, the researchers’ p-value
had resulted in 0.17 which indicates that it fails to reject the null or that the null
hypothesis is true.
Chapter V: Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation

This chapter presents the summary, findings, conclusions and recommendation
based on the analysis and interpretation of the gathered data of the study.
Summary
1. The Researchers knew that 50% are male and 50% of them are female. It shows
that 50% of the respondents are 18 years old and only 6% of them are 20 years old.
While Students with a monthly income of less than Php 20,000 have a frequency of
100, which is equal to 66.67 percent. Then there are 35 students who got Php
20,000 – Php 40,000 with a 23.33 percent equivalent. And 10% for the remaining 15
students getting a monthly salary of Php 40,000 to Php 100,000. And lastly, It shows
that there are 95 students who have only 1 gadget and it is equivalent to 63.33%
and only 3 of them has no gadgets and equivalent to 2%.
2. The Researchers got an overall agree (2.78 mean and 2.5 standard deviations) on
Utility expense which explains that most of the respondents are having a lot of
monthly bills while they get an overall disagree (1.89 mean and 1.5 standard
deviations) in terms of Food expense which tells that most of the respondents do
not spend money so much in Food. And the researchers get an overall disagree
(2.34 mean and 2 standard deviations) in terms of supplies and materials which
simply means that the respondents do not buy unnecessary things and buy
important things only.
3. The Researchers got an overall agree (2.53 mean and 2.2 standard deviation) on
Internet connection which indicates that the respondents are not satisfied with their
internet connection and experiencing disconnection. While they get an overall
disagree (1.81 mean and 1.6 standard deviations) describes that the respondents
have their own gadgets but do not have a lot to use in the online class. And in terms
of Environment, the researchers get an overall strongly disagree (1.57 mean and
1.2 SD) meaning that their surroundings are loud, but it does not tolerate them to
skip class.
4. The Researchers got a total of 2.4 mean and 2.1 standard deviation in limited
expenditure and a 2.04 mean and 2.7 standard deviation online class performance
which leads to a disagree verbal interpretation indicates that there is no significant
effect between the limited expenditure and student’s online class performance.
29
Conclusion
1. The Researchers conclude that male and female are equal and most of the
respondents are 18 years old. While most of the are came from the average family who
got Php 20,000 monthly income and 95 of them has 1 gadget.
2. Based on the data it shows that many of the respondents do not spend too much
money in food and do not buy unnecessary things because they are having a lot of
monthly bills to pay.
3. The Researchers’ conclude that respondents are not satisfied with their internet
connection and do not have enough resources for online class and having noisy
environment.
4. The Researchers’ p-value had resulted in 0.17 which indicates that it fails to reject
the null or that the null hypothesis is true. Therefore the researchers conclude that there
is no significant effect between the Limited Expenditure and students' online class
performance.
Recommendations
DepEd Authorities. The Researchers want to recommend this study to inform them
that some students are struggling with their internet connection and do not have enough
gadgets to cope up with other activities maybe they can provide free Wi-Fi and gadgets
to those students who badly need it.
Teachers. The Researchers want to recommend this study to inform them that some
students were struggling financially and prevent giving students a lot of activities that
may cost a lot of money and to inform them that some students are having problems
with internet connection so maybe they can extend the deadline.
Future Researchers. The Researcher want to recommend this study as an example of
how they should make research and to help them better understand the problem of
today’s students.
Parents. The Researcher wants to recommend this study to inform the parents that
they should be responsible for looking for some jobs to fulfill their children's needs and
give support to their children.
Administrators. The Researcher wants to recommend this study to inform them that
not all students are financially stable so they can give consideration for them like
decreasing payments and consider the promise-sorry note.
30
World. The Researchers want to recommend this study so that they will know and
understand that in every household there is a student who is struggling with resources
that can impact their learning. Adjustments can be done for those students who are
lacking in expenditures and resources. And everyone should help each other especially
now that the class is online and a lot of problems are arising.
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Sebastian, Ma. L. (2020). How Are Middle Class Families Coping With Online Learning?
Retrieved January 28, 2021 from http://pageone.ph/how-are-middle-class-families-copin
See, A. and Rinoza, J. (2020, October 5). Philippines: Classes Resume Virtually for
Millions of Children. Benar News. Retrieved November 18, 2020 from
https://www.benarnews.org/english/news/philippine/school-open-10052020151149.html
Shumox, L., & Lomax, R. (2001). Parental efficacy: Predictor of parenting behavior and
adolescent outcomes. Parenting, 2(2), 127-150. Retrieved November 15 2020 from
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/S15327922PAR0202_03
Siemens, G. (2004). Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age. Retrieved April 5
2021 from http://www.elearnspace.org/Articles/connectivism.htm
Tullao Jr T. and Rivera JP. (2009). Economic, Demographic, and Other
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Factors Affecting School Participation Among Children in Urban and Rural
Households: The Case of Pasay and Eastern Samar. Canada’s IDRC. Retrieved
November 18 2020 from

https://dlsu-aki.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/2/2/102266760/volume_ii-6_tullao_rivera.pdf
Van der Berg, S. (2008). Poverty and education; Education policy series; Vol.:10.
Retrieved November 15 2020 from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=1
Weaver, A. (2013). The Relationship between Students’ Financial Responsibility for
College and Levels of Academic Motivation and Success. Retrieved February 3, 2021
from https://etd.ohiolink.edu/apexprod/rws_etd/send_file/send?accession=auhonors1367
William C. Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACR (2018), Medical Definition of Environment.
October 5 2020 https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=19104
(n.a.) (2020). Reality bytes: Lack of subsidies for gadgets and mobile data. Retrieved
from https://opinion.inquirer.net/133824/reality-bytes-lack-of-subsidies-for-gadgets-and-
35
APPENDICES
36
Name (Optional):
Instruction: Give the information below required in the following data by indicating a
checkmark (/).
I. Profile of the Respondents
Strand: ( ) STEM
( ) FBS
( ) ICT
( ) BPP
( ) HUMSS
( ) GA
Age:
Sex: ( ) Female
( ) Male
Socioeconomic status: ( ) below Php 20,000
( ) Php 20,000 – Php 40,000
( ) Php 40,000 – Php 100,000
How many gadgets do you have? ( ) None
( ) Only 1 gadget
( ) 2-3 Gadgets
( ) 4 and Above Gadgets
Instruction: Check the appropriate box that corresponds to your answer to the following
statement using the scale below:
1- Never
2- Sometimes
3- Oftentimes
4- Always
II. Limited Expenditure 1 2 3 4
Utility Expense
My family and I are using gadgets and electronic
appliances that lead to huge consumption of electricity.
My family and I use the stove always so we change our
kitchen gas monthly.
My family and I have an internet connection to pay
monthly.
37
Food Expense
My family and I do a food grocery every 2 weeks.
My family and I have a huge appetite.
My family and I love to buy snacks and order foods from
online business.
Materials and Supply
I am buying school and household materials needed.
I am buying/printing my learning modules that are
needed in learning.
My family and I love ordering materials through online
shopping (lazada, shopee, etc.)
III. Online Class Performance
Internet Connection
I have access of internet 24/7.
I am unsatisfied with my internet speed.
I am experiencing disconnection during my online class
meeting.
Gadgets
My gadgets are working smoothly for my online class.
I am sharing gadgets with someone.
I have multiple gadgets to use for my online class.
Environment
I have responsibility of taking care of my siblings and
household chores.
I have noisy environment around me that can disturb my
learning.
The people around me are encouraging me to skip my
online class.
C. There is a significant effect between Limited Expenditure and student’s online class
performance.
( ) Yes ( ) No
38
January 22, 2021
Office of the School Principal

College of Saint Adela Inc.
City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan
Good Day!
We, Grade 12 ABM, currently in the process of data gathering for our research
entitled “The impacts of limited expenditure to selected grade 12 online class
performance in College of Saint Adela” as part of the requirement in Inquiries,
Investigation, and Immersion. We would like to ask your good office for permission to
conduct a survey through online among the grade 12 students who will be the
respondents of this study.
The survey form will not use the critical information taken from the pool but specific
questions that will select them as respondents. Rest assured that all information that will
gather shall be kept confidential.
Hoping for your kind consideration on this matter.
Attached is the copy of our Statement of the Problem and the Survey Questionnaire.
Respectfully,
Timbang, Mar ia Josit D

Class Leader
Ms. Ehlie Rose Baguinaon Ms. Liezel Paldez

Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion Teacher Adviser
Mr. Benjamin Mayo Mrs. Angeline F. Lim

Officer-in-Charge School Principal
39
January 22, 2021

College of Saint Adela Inc.
City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan
Good Day!
We, Grade 12 ABM, currently in the process of data gathering for our research titled
“The impacts of limited expenditure to selected grade 12 online class performance in
College of Saint Adela” as part of the requirement in Inquiries, Investigation, and
Immersion.
In connection with this, we would like to request for your permission to be part of our
research as respondents. Rest assured that all information that will gather shall be kept
confidential.
Respectfully,
Timbang, Maria Josit D

Class Leader
Ms. Ehlie Rose Baguinaon Ms. Liezel Paldez

Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion Teacher Adviser
Mr. Benjamin Mayo Mrs. Angeline F. Lim

Officer-in-Charge School Principal
40
Plagiarism Checker and Grammarly Results
Chapter I (Grammarly)
Chapter II (Grammarly)
41
Chapter III (Grammarly)
Chapter IV (Grammarly)
42
Chapter V (Grammarly)
Abstract and Acknowledgement (Grammarly)
43
Introduction (plagiarism checker)
Theoretical Construct of the Study (plagiarism checker)
44
Foreign Literature (plagiarism checker)
Foreign Studies (plagiarism checker)
45
Local Literature (plagiarism checker)
Local Studies (plagiarism checker)
46
CURRICCULUM VITAE
125
47

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COLLEGE OF SAINT ADELA, INC

The Impacts of Limited Expenditure to Selected Grade 12 Online Class

Title Page …………………………………………………………………………….

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

3 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

4 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF THE STUDY 21

5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Statement of the Problem

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

2. How may limited expenditure be described in terms of:

3. How may student’s online class performance be assessed in terms of:

Theoretical Construct of the Study

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

The Impacts of Limited

Scope and Limitation of the Study

Significance of the Study

Synthesis of Related Studies and Literature

Research Locale and Sampling

Research Instruments and Validation

expenses, supplies and materials, internet connection, environment, and gadgets.

Data Gathering Procedure

∑χ= sum of observations

Chapter V: Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation

Doumbia K. (2013), Why is Education So Important in Our Life? Retrieved October 15

Perspectives on psychological science: a journal of the Association for Psychological

Pobar, R. (2012). Disadvantaged Filipino Students of a State University: A Case for an

November 18 2020 from

January 22, 2021

Office of the School Principal

Timbang, Mar ia Josit D

Ms. Ehlie Rose Baguinaon Ms. Liezel Paldez

Mr. Benjamin Mayo Mrs. Angeline F. Lim

January 22, 2021

Timbang, Maria Josit D

Ms. Ehlie Rose Baguinaon Ms. Liezel Paldez

Mr. Benjamin Mayo Mrs. Angeline F. Lim

Plagiarism Checker and Grammarly Results

Chapter III (Grammarly)

Abstract and Acknowledgement (Grammarly)

Introduction (plagiarism checker)

Theoretical Construct of the Study (plagiarism checker)

Foreign Literature (plagiarism checker)

Foreign Studies (plagiarism checker)

Local Literature (plagiarism checker)

Local Studies (plagiarism checker)

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