LEARNERS WITH

LEARNING DISABILITY

GROUP 1
ALZATE, JEHHAIRA D.
BACLIG, SHEILA MAE
ADDURU, MARK
ANTONIO, JOHN MARK
 DYSLEXIA
is a learning disorder that involves difficulty
in reading due to problems identifying speech
sounds and learning how they relate to
letters and words (decoding).
 Causes of Dyslexia
Genetics. Dyslexia is highly genetic and runs in families. A child with one parent with dyslexia
has a 30% to 50% chance of inheriting it. Genetic conditions like Down syndrome can also
make dyslexia more likely to happen.
Differences in brain development and function. If you have dyslexia, you’re neurodivergent.
That means your brain formed or works differently than expected. Research shows people
with dyslexia have differences in brain structure, function and chemistry.
Disruptions in brain development and function. Infections, toxic exposures and other events
can disrupt fetal development and increase the odds of later development of dyslexia.
Premature birth or low birth weight of the baby.
Exposure to alcohol or drugs such as nicotine during pregnancy.
Infection that alters development of the brain in fetus.
Behavior of a child with Dyslexia Disorder
Extremely disorderly or compulsively orderly.
Can be class clown, trouble-maker, or too
A kid with dyslexia may find it difficult to
maintain attention; they seem to be
quiet.
Children with dyslexia often feel stupid, have
low self-esteem, attempt to hide weaknesses
with complex compensation strategies, and
are easily annoyed and angered/ saddened by
reading or school testing.
A child with dyslexia may be described as lazy,
stupid, reckless, immature, or their effort as
“not trying hard enough” or “having behavioral
problems”.
“hyper” or “spacey”.
Dyslexic kids find the best way to learn is
through practical experience,
demonstrations, experiments,
observations, and visual aids.
A child’s mental mistakes and
symptoms of dyslexia increase sharply
with confusion, temporary pressure,
emotional stress, or poor health.
 PERSONALIZED EXPLICIT DIRECT
To meet the needs of individual Effective Dyslexia INSTRUCTION OR
students and to move at the
student's pace. Intervention is
most often done one-on-one or
Interventions PHONICS
in small groups, but can be to create solid connections for
sound/symbol relationships and the
adapted for a classroom.
MULTISENSORY alphabetic principle.
and interactive to engage various
parts of the brain. The approach
encourages visual, auditory, and
kinesthetic learning.
SEQUENTIAL AND CONTINUOUS FEEDBACK AND
STRUCTURED INSTRUCTION POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
that begins with simple concepts and moves
that supports mastery of skills before moving on.
to more complex. The order in which
students are introduced to the patterns of
English are based on logical steps that build
on one another.
 DYSGRAPHIA
is a disorder that impairs one's capacity for clear and legible
writing. It is a type of learning impairment that can impact

both kids and adults. Spelling, grammar, punctuation, and

structuring thoughts on paper are just a few of the writing
skills that can be affected by dysgraphia.
Causes of Dysgraphia
Behavior of a child with
Dysgraphia

 Effective Dysgraphia
Interventions
Don’t force them to write on the board
Provide tablets for text based annotation
of worksheets
Pair dysgraphic learners up with a note-
taking buddy
Allow them to type written assignments
or notes using a computer
Permit the use of recording devices for
class lectures
Do limit the amount of writing you
expect them to produce
Don’t restrict the amount of time they have to
give a written answer
Evaluate learners on the quality vs. the quantity
of their written production
Provide prompts to help them brainstorm and
get their thoughts on paper
Avoid short answer question types on quizzes
and include multiple choice
Don't announce to the class that they have a
specific learning disability
Create oral assessment opportunities so
students can demonstrate their knowledge
without having to write
 Dyscalculia
is a disorder that impairs a person's capacity for numerical understanding and
computation. It is a type of learning impairment that can impact both kids and adults.
Dyscalculia can make it difficult to count, perform simple arithmetic, understand
mathematical concepts, or apply math knowledge to practical circumstances
Causes of Dyscalculia
Genetics- Dyscalculia is known to run in families, suggesting that genetic
factors contribute to the risk of developing this learning disorder.
Cognitive Deficits- Research has shown that Visual, visuospatial and working
memory are important foundation skills of math.
Deficits in Math skills- Dyscalculia maybe the result of specific disabilities in
basic numerical processing.
Brain Differences- Dyscalculia maybe cause by malformations in the right
parietal lobe.

 Behavior of a child
with Dyscalculia
1.Has difficulty learning and recalling basic number facts
such as number bonds, e.g. 6 + 4 = 10.
2.Still uses fingers to count instead of using more advanced
strategies (like mental maths)
3.Poor understanding of the signs +, -, xx and x or may
confuse these mathematical symbols
4.Struggles to recognise that 3 + 5 is the same as 5 + 3 or
may not be able to solve 3 + 26 ‒ 26 without calculating
5.Has trouble with place value, often putting numbers in the
wrong column.
6.May not understand maths language or be able to devise a
plan to solve a maths problem.
7.Finds it difficult to understand maths phrases like
greater than and less than
8.Has trouble keeping score in sports or games
9.Has difficulty working out the total cost of items and
can run out of money
10.May avoid situations that require understanding
numbers, like playing games that involve maths.
11. A child that suffers from dyscalculia will confuse
numbers and signs, and cannot do mental math or work
with abstract ideas. These children have a hard time
completing assignments and homework.
 INTERVENTIONS

Strategies for making math concepts from basic arithmetic to advanced algebra
easier to understand and remember.
1. Talk or Write Out a Problem 7. Highlight or circle key words and numbers on word
2. Draw the Problem problems.
3. Break Tasks Down into Subsets 8. Allow extra time on tests.
4. Teach students to “self-talk” through solving 9. Give step-by-step instructions and have the student
problems. repeat them.
5. Review Often 10. Provide charts of math facts or multiplication
6. Create separate worksheets for word tables.
problems and number problems. 11. Use visual aids or manipulatives when solving
problems.
12. Let the student write out charts or draw sketches to
solve problems.
 REFERENCES
Dyslexia: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Types
Cleveland Clinic
https://my.clevelandclinic.org › articles › 6005-dyslexia
https://study.com/academy/lesson/dyslexia-behavior-problems.html
https://www.readinghorizons.com/dyslexia
What Is Dysgraphia?
ADDitude Magazine
https://www.additudemag.com › what-is-dysgraphia-u...
https://www.healthline.com/health/what-is-dysgraphia
https://psychcentral.com/health/dysgraphia
https://study.com/academy/lesson/dysgraphia-teaching-strategies-exercises.html
https://www.additudemag.com/what-is-dyscalculia-overview-and-symptom-breakdown/
https://www.brainbalancecenters.com/blog/strategies-for-managing-dyscalculia

Any questions?
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