, Diploma in Civil Engineering Year 3 End of Semester 2 Examination Soil Mechanics CIV-SME-3-2 * Date: June, 2018 Time Allowed: 3 hours Instructions: 1. This paper contains SIX questions 2. Answer ALL questions 3. Marks for each question are indicated at the end of the question 4 5. . For each question, start on a separate page Do not turn over the leaf UNTIL you are told to do so. i) Examiner: Chisomo D. Kauma a Cell: 0881465071QUESTION ONE (1) a. Define clearly and unambiguously (using EQUATIONS OR DIAGRAMS), the following Fetms: : i. Zero Air Voids Line G@Mark) Void Ratio, e GMar iii. Degree of Saturation, Sr (1 Mark) iv. Dry unit weight, ¢ @ Mark) v. Effective stress, (1 Mark) vi. Relative Density (1 Mark) vii. Equipotential Lines (1 Mark) viii. Critical Hydraulic Gradient, icr (1 Mark) ix. Liquidity Index, IL (Mark) x. Plastic Limit, wp (Mark) TOTAL 10 Marks QUESTION TWO (2) Standard compaction tests were performed on a brown-grey clayey- silt (24% sand, 29% clay, and 47% silt) for which: wP=14%, wL=23%, and Gs=2.70. Details and results for the tests are recorded in Table Q2. You are required to: a. b. Fill in the blanks of Table Q2 for Test #1. (2 Marks) Plot dry density d against moisture content w on Figure Q2. Clearly label (with numeric values) the location of the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content. (2 Marks) . Estimate the void ratio and degree of saturation for this soil at the moisture content for Test #2. (2Marks) . Plot the zero air voids curve (line) on Figure Q2. (2 Marks) . Briefly explain the variation in the stress strain curves of soil compacted dry of, at, and wet of the optimum moisture content. (2 Marks) TOTAL 10 Marks Volume of Mold: 62.37 cmg Examiner: CD. Kaosee _ st ist DENSITY on 2 275. Mass Sample + Mold (9) 1409 280.5 280.3 oe ; Mass Mold (9) : 140.9 140.9 140: . 139.6 139.4 135.8 134.8 Mass Sample (9) Wet Density p_(g/cm*) Dry Density pa (g/cm*) MOISTURE CONTENT ——— 163.5 Mass Container + Wet Soil (g) é 172.6 1724 167.3. 168.7 Mass Container + Dry Soil (9) 1516 157.6 187 150.7 149.8 14.9 15.4 16.6 16.9 Mass Water (9) Mass Container (g) 33.9 33.6 32.4 33.3 33.7 Mass Dry Soil (g) 123.7 123.4 118.30 116.5 72.0% 12.5% 14.0% 14.5% 2.238 2.236 2477 2.161 Eerie een ee 1.998 1.987 7.909 1.887 Moisture Content w (%) ‘Table Q2 Data Sheet for Compaction Test in Question 2 QUESTION THREE (3) A 3m layer of sand, of saturated unit weight 18KN/m3, overlies a 4m layer of clay, of saturated unit weight 20KN/m3. If the ground water level occurs within the sand, at 2m below the ground surface, determine the total and effective vertical stress acting at the centre of the clay layer. The sand above ground water level may be assumed to be saturated. (Hint: Include sketches) (10 Marks) TOTAL 10 Marks QUESTION FOUR (4) A circular foundation of diameter 100m exerts a uniform pressure on the soil of 450KN/m2. Determine the vertical stress increments for depths up to 200m below its centre. (Hint: Include Sketches) TOTAL 10 Marks QUESTION FIVE (5) A45m square foundation exerts a uniform pressure of 200KN/m2 on a soil. Determine (i) the vertical stress increments due to the foundation load to a depth of 10m below its centre and (ii) the vertical stress increment at point 3m below the foundation and 4m from its centre along one of the axes of symmetry. (Hint: Include Sketches) TOTAL 10 Marks Examiner: CD. KawaQUESTION SIX (6) Sketch and explain . 1. Three and Two pimensional Stress States (3 dim. Stress system, 2dim, Stress eyste) 5 Marks) 2, Stress —Strain relationshi?® (Elastic & plastic) (5 Marks) TOTAL 10 Marks REFERENCE [Examiners CD. Kau° ° 3 1 n= 30 25 oe = 25 area = 2.07] mel 8 1 |z = i$ 2/0 ra nena 2097/20 L m=O8 m= 3% Ais Z z m= =O7| 2 Oz = Ply Hee as Av mos I] | 2 iil U 4 ImeOr4, i Pant Le i 240 rH mo !O 3 s | 202 ee eae “05 05 id 00 MOI co ‘Ol Ol 0 0 A Fig. 4,6. Influence factors for the vertical stress beneath the corner of a Tectangular foundation (Fadum, 1948), Examiner: CD. KaumeK O° o Values of Fig. 4.5, 084 +o Values of + "O20 Influence coefficients for vertical stress from a concentrated load (Boussinesq, 1885). Examiner: CD. Kouma