MALAWI UNIVERSITY OF BUSINESS AND APPLIED SCIENCES

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

ASSIGNMENT TITLE

ASSIGNMENT TWO
MODULE TITLE
SOLID AND WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT

MODULE CODE
CIV-SWM-321
SUBMITTED TO
Mr. KAPUDZAMA

SUBMITTED BY
MWAYI NG'OMA: DCE/19/PE/102

DUE DATE

7 MAY, 2023
QUESTION ONE

a. In solid waste management, briefly describe the stages of waste management hierarchy in relation to the three “R”s

Wastewater management hierarchy is a framework that outlines a set of priorities for

managing solid waste in an environmental responsible manner. The waste management
hierarchy emphasizes a progressive approach to waste management starting with waste
prevention and moving towards more resource-efficient and environmentally friendly
strategies. The main aim is to reduce environmental impact of solid waste. The stages in
relation to three R’s comprises of the following hierarchy:

1. REDUCE 1. REDUCE
This is the first stage

2. RE-USE of the management

hierarchy. Is mainly
emphasizes the
3. RECYCLE prevention and
minimization of
Figure 1 Waste management hierarchy 3R's
waste generation at its point generation. It is
mainly aimed at reducing the overall amount of waste produced by putting in practice
strategies. Strategies may include; product redesigning and packaging reduction.

For example, if we minimize the creation of packaging waste, like food and items packaging
boxes from shop/malls, we can conserve resources, save energy and reduce pollution that are
actually associated with the manufacturing of the package boxes and disposal processes.

2. REUSE

This is the second stage in the hierarchy. This stage emphasizes on ‘instead of disposing
items after single use we can actually find other alternative purposes to use the items just to
expand its life span. This stage involves repairing, refurbishing or putting an item to another
different use.
 b. Explain the definition of the following terms in relation to transportation of solid wastes:-

(a) On-Route time

(b) Districting
(c) Ride
(d) Walk
(e) an alley

c. Landfill disposal is one way of managing solid waste explain at least some setbacks associated with landfill
disposal

d. In on-site solid waste disposal management discuss the difference between a septic tank system and a ventilated pit
latrine

QUESTION TWO

1. Explain at least three factors that may be considered in siting the location of a Wastewater treatment plant.

2. Discuss at least three key factors to consider when designing a wastewater treatment plant

3. Explain in details the difference between an Aerobic and a Facultative pond in wastewater treatment