ENVIRONMENT SCIENCE

ECOLOGICAL WASTE
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM

GROUP 3
LESSON OBJECTIVES
At the end of the chapter, students should be able to:

1.Define waste management.

2.Apply the 3 R’s of waste management system.
3.Understand and apply the Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act of the Philippines.
4.Perform activities related to waste management.
 WASTE
MANAGEMENT
DEFINE
 WASTE MANAGEMENT

-The collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal of

waste materials, usually ones produced by human activity, in an
effort to reduce their effect on human health or local aesthetics
or amenity.

-Waste management can involve solid, liquid or gaseous

substances with different methods and fields of expertise for
each.
-Management practices differ for developed and developing nations, for
Urban and rural areas, and for residential, industrial, and commercial
producers.

-Waste for non-hazardous residential and institutional waste in

metropolitan areas usually the responsibility of local government
authorities while management for commercial and industrial
wasteisusually the responsibility of the generator. Managemen non-
hazardous
 TRANSPORT OR TRANSPORTATION

-the movement of people and goods from one place to another.

-The term is derived from the Latin trans (“across”) and portare (“to carry’)
Industries which have the business of providing equipment, actual transport,
transport of people or goods and services used in transport of goods or people
make up a large broad and important sector of most national economies, and
are collectively referred to as transport industries.
 WASTE TREATMENT

- refers to the activities required to ensure that waste

has the least practicable impact on the environment. In
many countries various forms of waste treatment are
required by law.
 RECYCLING

- is the reprocessing of materials into new products. Recycling

prevents useful material resources being wasted, reduces the
consumption of raw materials and reduces energy usage, and
hence greenhouse gas emissions, compared to virgin production.
Recycling is a key concept of modern waste management and is
the third component of the waste hierarchy.
 RECYCLABLE MATERIALS

- also called “recyclables” or “recyclates”, may originate from a wide range of

sources including the home and industry.

- they include glass, paper, aluminium, asphalt, iron, textiles and plastics.
Biodegradable waste, such as food waste or garden waste, is also recyclable
with the assistance of micro-organisms through composting or anaerobic
digestion.
 Recyclates need to be sorted and separated into material types.
Contamination of the recylates with other materials must be prevented to
increase the recyclates value and facilitate easier reprocessing for the
ultimate recycling facility.

This sorting can be performed either by the producer of the waste or within
semi- or fully-automated materials recovery facilities. Recycling does not
include reuse where items retain their existing form for other purposes
without the need for reproducing.
BENEFITS
FROM
RECYCLING
Recycling is beneficial in two ways:

• it reduces the inputs (energy and

raw materials) to a production
system

• reduces the amount of waste

produced for disposal.
Some materials like aluminum can be recycled indefinitely as there is no change
to the materials. Other recycled materials like paper require a percentage of raw
materials (wooc fibers) to be added to compensate for the degradation of existing
fibers.

This reduces the environmental, social, and usually the economic costs of
manufacturing Recycling aluminium saves 95% of the energy cost of processing
new aluminium.

Beffielete the melting temperature is reduced from 900 °C to 600 °C. It is by far
the mos efficient material to recycle.
The most commonly used methods for waste disposal
(landfill, pyrolysis, incineration) may be
environmentally damaging and unsustainable. Therefore
any way to reduce the volume of waste being disposed
in this fashion may be beneficial.

The maximum environmental benefit by waste

minimization ( reducing the amount of waste produced),
and reusing items in their current form such as refilling
bottles.
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
OF WASTE
MANAGEMENT
 IMPORTANT CONCEPTS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT

There are a number of concepts about waste management, which vary in their usage between
countries or regions. This section presents some of the most general, widely used concepts.

A. Waste Hierarchy

The waste hierarchy refers to the “3 Rs” reduce, reuse and recycle, which classify waste management
strategies according to their desirability in terms of waste minimization.

The waste hierarchy remains the cornerstone of most waste minimisation strategies. The aim of the waste
hierarchy is to extract the maximum practical benefits from products and to generate the minimum
amount of waste.
 1. REDUCE (WASTE MINIMISATION)
-is the process and the policy of reducing the amount of waste produced by a person or a society. It is
part of the wider aim of waste reduction which is often described as a component of the waste
hierarchy.

In the hierarchy, the most effective policies and processes are at the top. Waste minimisation is also
strongly related to efforts to minimise resource and energy use.

For the same commercial output, usually the fewer materials are used, the less waste is produced.
Waste minimisation usually requires knowledge of the production process, cradle-to-grave analysis
(the tracking of materials from their extraction to their return to earth) and detailed knowledge of the
composition of the waste.
 2.REUSE
-is using an item more than once. This includes conventional reuse where the item is used again for the same
function, and new-life reuse where it is used for a new function.

-In contrast, recycling is the breaking down of the used item into raw materials which are used to make new items

Reuse can have financial and environmental benefits, either of which can be the main motivation for it. The
financial motivation historically did, and in the developing world still does, lead to very high levels of reuse, but
rising wages and consequent consumer demand for the convenience of disposable products made the reuse of low
value items such as packaging uneconomic in richer countries, leading to the demise of many reuse schemes.
 Current environmental awareness is gradually changing attitudes and
regulations, such as the new packaging regulations, are gradually beginning
to reverse the situation.

The classic example of conventional reuse is the doorstep delivery of milk in

reusable bottles; other examples include the retreading of tires and the use of
plastic delivery trays (transit packing) in place of cardboard cartons.
 ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF
REUSE
 Potential Advantages of Reuse are as follows:
1. Energy and raw materials savings as replacing many single use products with one reusable
one reduces the number that need to be manufactured.

2. Reduced disposal needs and costs.

3. Refurbishment can bring sophisticated, sustainable, well paid jobs to underdeveloped

econocosts

4. Cost savings for business and consumers as a reusable product is often cheaper than the
many single use products it replaces.
 Potential Disadvantages of Reuse are:

1. Reuse often requires cleaning or transport, which have environmental costs.

2. Some items, such as freon appliances or infant auto seats, could be hazardous or less
energy efficient as they continue to be used.

3. Reusable products need to be more durable than single use products, and hence require
more material per item. This is particularly significant if only a small proportion of the reusable
products are in fact reused.
 3.RECYCLING

-differs from reuse in that it breaks down the item into raw materials which are
then used to make new items, as opposed to reusing the intact item.

-As this extra processing requires energy, as a rule of thumb reuse is

environmentally preferable to recycling (“reduce, reuse, recycle”), though
recycling does have a significant part to play as it can often make use of items
which are broken, worn out or otherwise unsuitable for reuse.
-However, as transport emissions are a major part of the environmental impact of
both reuse and recycling, it is possible for recycling to be better where reuse
requires a long transport distance, and which is better for a given item may
depend on location.

-One difficulty is the need to estimate consumer behavior: redesigning an item to

be reusable may do more harm than good if only a small proportion are actually
reused, due to the increased material use per item.
 B. Extended Producer Responsibility
-Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is a strategy designed to promote the
integration of environmental costs associated with products throughout their life
cycles into the market price of the products.

- Extended producer responsibility imposes accountability over the entire life cycle
of products and packaging introduced on the market. This means that firms which
manufacture, import and/or sell products are required to be financially or
physically responsible for such products after their useful life.
 C. Product Stewardship

-Product stewardship is a concept whereby environmental protection centers around the product
itself, and everyone involved in the lifespan of the product is called upon to take up
responsibility to reduce its environmental impact.

-For manufacturers, this includes planning for, and if necessary, paying for the recycling or
disposal of the product at the end of its useful life.

- For retailers and consumers, this means taking an active role in ensuring the proper disposal or
recycling of an end-of-life product.
 D. Polluter Pays Principle

-The Polluter Pays Principle is a principle where the polluting party pays for the
damage done to the natural environment. With respect to waste management, this
generally refers to the requirement for a generator to pay for appropriate disposal
of the waste.
 THE ECOLOGICAL SOLID
WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT
(REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9003)
THE ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT
(REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9003)
-Perhaps the most important reason why we have to act now on the worsening
solid waste is their impact on human health. Health is a basic human right. We
all deserve to live in a cleaner environment. We all desire for a healthy family,
a healthy neighborhood, a healthy nation.

-And, the only way to satisfy these desires is to do away with garbage that
breeds flies, roaches, rodents and harmful bacteria that can spread diseases in
our homes and in our communities.
While there were already efforts in the past to address the
problem head-on, the passage of Republic Act ( R.A.) No.
9003, otherwise known as the “Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act of 2000” , liked the turning point in the
national development agenda for improved solid waste
management and resource conservation.
 What is R.A. No. 9003?
Republic Act No. 9003 or the “Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act” provides the legal framework for the country’s
systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid waste management
program that shall ensure protection of public health and the
underscores, among other things, the need to create the necessary
institutional mechanis and incentives, as well as imposes penalties
for acts in violation of any of its provisioni environment.
 THE SALIENT
FEATURES OF R.A. NO.
9003
 THE SALIENT FEATURES OF R.A. NO. 9003
a. Creation of the National Solid Waste Management Commission (NSWMC), the Cational
Ecology Center (NEC) and the Solid Waste Management Board in every province, city and
municipality in the country.

The NSWMC shall be responsible in the formulation of the e National Solid Waste
Management Framework and other policies on solid waste, in overseeing the implementation
of solid waste management plans and the management of the solid waste management fund.

The NEC, on the other hand, shall be responsible for consulting, information, training and
networking services relative in the implementation of R.A:No. 9003. The Solid Waste
Management Board of provinces cities and municipalities shall be responsible for the
development of their respective solid waste management plans.
 THE SALIENT FEATURES OF R.A. NO. 9003

b. Formulation of the National Solid Waste Management Framework; 10-year solid

management plans by local government units consistent with the National Solid Watz
Management Framework;

c. Mandatory segregation of solid waste to be conducted primarily at the source such

household, institutional, industrial, commercial and agricultural sources;

d. Setting of minimum requirements to ensure systematic collection and transport of Wastes

and the proper protection of the health of garbage collectors;
 THE SALIENT FEATURES OF R.A. NO. 9003

e. Establishment of reclamation programs and buy-back centers for recyclable and toxic
materials;

f.Promotion of eco-labeling in local products and services;

g. Prohibition on non-environmentally acceptable products and packaging;

h. Establishment of Materials Recovery Facility in every barangay or cluster of barangay.

 THE SALIENT FEATURES OF R.A. NO. 9003
i. Prohibition against the use of open dumps;

j. Setting of guidelines/criteria for the establishment of controlled dumps and

sanitary landfills;

k. Provision of rewards, incentives both fiscal and non-fiscal, financial assistance,

grande and the like to encourage LGUs and the general public t management; and to
undertake effective solid waste

l. Promotion of research on solid waste management and environmental education in

How can we help solve
he solid waste problem?
 There are many ways to do it. A highly recommended formula is to adopt the 3Rs of Ecological Waste
Management: REDUCE, REUSE, and RECYCLE. (National Solid Waste Management Commission)

In addition to that, let us refrain from doing what have been prohibited under the law, to include but are
not limited to the following:

a. Littering, throwing, dumping of waste materials in public

places like roads, sidewalks, canals, esteros, parks and
establishments;

b. Open burning of solid waste;

c. Allowing the collection of non-segregated or unsorted
waste;

d. Squatting in open dumps and landfills;

e. Open dumping or burying of biodegradable and non-

biodegradable materials in flood- prone areas;
f. Unauthorized removal of recyclable material intended for collection
by authorized persons;

g. Mixing of source-separated recyclable material with other solid waste

in any vehicle, box, container or receptacle used in solid waste collection
or disposal; and

h. Manufacture, distribution or use of non-environmentally acceptable

packaging materials.
 ENVIRONMENT

REPORTERS SCIENCE

PINKEE VILLARUEL
BENJIELYN MARAÑON
JEANNY DESUCATAN
JOHN PAOLO LABRINAO
MAE JEELENE VILLO
CHERLEN AMALLO
ARIANNE SALVILLA
ELBERT MA-AT
GROUP 3
THANK
YOU VERY
MUCH!