Analytical dynamics

In classical mechanics, analytical dynamics, also known as classical dynamics or simply

dynamics, is concerned with the relationship between motion of bodies and its causes,
namely the forces acting on the bodies and the properties of the bodies, particularly mass
and moment of inertia. The foundation of modern-day dynamics is Newtonian mechanics
and its reformulation as Lagrangian mechanics and Hamiltonian mechanics.[1][2]

History

The field has a long and important history, as remarked by Hamilton:

"The theoretical
development of the laws of motion of bodies is a problem of such interest and importance
that it has engaged the attention of all the eminent mathematicians since the invention of the
dynamics as a mathematical science by Galileo, and especially since the wonderful
extension which was given to that science by Newton." William Rowan Hamilton, 1834
(Transcribed in Classical Mechanics by J.R. Taylor, p. 237[3])

Some authors (for example, Taylor (2005)[3] and Greenwood (1997)[4]) include special
relativity within classical dynamics.

Relationship to statics, kinetics, and kinematics

Historically, there were three branches of classical mechanics:

"statics" (the study of equilibrium and its relation to forces)

 "kinetics" (the study of motion and its relation to forces).[5]

"kinematics" (dealing with the implications of observed motions without regard for
circumstances causing them).[6]

These three subjects have been connected to dynamics in several ways. One approach
combined statics and kinetics under the name dynamics, which became the branch dealing
with determination of the motion of bodies resulting from the action of specified forces;[7]
another approach separated statics, and combined kinetics and kinematics under the rubric
dynamics.[8][9] This approach is common in engineering books on mechanics, and is still in
widespread use among mechanicians.

Fundamental importance in engineering, diminishing emphasis in

physics

Today, dynamics and kinematics continue to be considered the two pillars of classical
mechanics. Dynamics is still included in mechanical, aerospace, and other engineering
curricula because of its importance in machine design, the design of land, sea, air and
space vehicles and other applications. However, few modern physicists concern
themselves with an independent treatment of "dynamics" or "kinematics," nevermind
"statics" or "kinetics." Instead, the entire undifferentiated subject is referred to as classical
mechanics. In fact, many undergraduate and graduate text books since mid-20th century
on "classical mechanics" lack chapters titled "dynamics" or
"kinematics."[3][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]
In these books, although the word "dynamics" is used
when acceleration is ascribed to a force, the word "kinetics" is never mentioned. However,
clear exceptions exist. Prominent examples include The Feynman Lectures on Physics.[18]

List of Fundamental Dynamics Principles

Newton's laws of motion
Inertia

Acceleration

Momentum

Reaction

Newton's law of universal gravitation

Special theory of relativity

Axioms and mathematical treatments

Variational principles and Lagrangian mechanics

Hamiltonian mechanics

Canonical transformations

Hamilton–Jacobi Theory

Related engineering branches

Particle dynamics

Rigid body dynamics

Deformation mechanics

Fluid dynamics
Hydrodynamics

Gas dynamics

Aerodynamics

Related subjects
Statics

References

1. Chris Doran; Anthony N. Lasenby (2003). Geometric Algebra for Physicists (https://books.googl
e.com/books?id=VW4yt0WHdjoC&dq=classical+dynamics+-quantum+date:2002-2009&pg=
PA54) . Cambridge University Press. p. 54. ISBN 0-521-48022-1.

2. Cornelius Lanczos (1986). The variational principles of mechanics (https://books.google.com/bo

oks?id=ZWoYYr8wk2IC&dq=isbn&pg=PR4) (Reprint of 4th Edition of 1970 ed.). Dover
Publications Inc. pp. 5–6. ISBN 0-486-65067-7.

3. John Robert Taylor (2005). Classical Mechanics (https://books.google.com/books?id=P1kCtNr-

pJsC&q=dynamics) . University Science Books. ISBN 978-1-891389-22-1.

4. Donald T Greenwood (1997). Classical Mechanics (https://books.google.com/books?id=x7rj83I9

8yMC&q=classical+dynamics) (Reprint of 1977 ed.). Courier Dover Publications. p. 1. ISBN 0-
486-69690-1.
 5. Thomas Wallace Wright (1896). Elements of Mechanics Including Kinematics, Kinetics and
Statics: with applications (https://books.google.com/books?id=-LwLAAAAYAAJ&q=mechanics
+kinetics) . E. and F. N. Spon. p. 85.

6. Edmund Taylor Whittaker (1988). A Treatise on the Analytical Dynamics of Particles and Rigid
Bodies: With an Introduction to the Problem of Three Bodies (https://books.google.com/books?i
d=epH1hCB7N2MC) (Fourth edition of 1936 with foreword by Sir William McCrea ed.).
Cambridge University Press. p. Chapter 1, p. 1. ISBN 0-521-35883-3.

7. James Gordon MacGregor (1887). An Elementary Treatise on Kinematics and Dynamics (http
s://archive.org/details/anelementarytre01macggoog) . Macmillan. p. v. "kinematics
dynamics."

8. Stephen Timoshenko; Donovan Harold Young (1956). Engineering mechanics (https://books.go

ogle.com/books?id=I548AAAAIAAJ&q=engineering+mechanics+inauthor:Timoshenko) .
McGraw Hill. ISBN 9780070858114.

9. Lakshmana C. Rao; J. Lakshminarasimhan; Raju Sethuraman; Srinivasan M. Sivakumar (2004).

Engineering mechanics (https://books.google.com/books?id=F7gaa1ShPKIC&q=statics+dyna
mics) . PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. p. vi. ISBN 81-203-2189-8.

10. David Hestenes (1999). New Foundations for Classical Mechanics (https://books.google.com/b
ooks?id=eU2qm8wavRwC&dq=dynamics+kinematics&pg=PA198) . Springer. p. 198. ISBN 0-
7923-5514-8.

11. R. Douglas Gregory (2006). Classical Mechanics: An Undergraduate Text (https://books.google.

com/books?id=uAfUQmQbzOkC&q=dynamics) . Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-
521-82678-5.

12. Landau, L. D.; Lifshitz, E. M.; Sykes, J.B.; Bell, J. S. (1976). Mechanics (https://books.google.co
m/books?id=LmAV8q_OOOgC) . Vol. 1. Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7506-2896-9.

13. Jorge Valenzuela José; Eugene Jerome Saletan (1998). Classical Dynamics: A Contemporary
Approach (https://books.google.com/books?id=ZW0L5Xe9zhwC) . Cambridge University
Press. ISBN 978-0-7506-2896-9.

14. T. W. B. Kibble, Frank H. Berkshire (2004). Classical Mechanics. Imperial College Press.
ISBN 978-1-86094-435-2.

15. Walter Greiner; S. Allan Bromley (2003). Classical Mechanics: Point Particles and Relativity (http
s://archive.org/details/springer_10.1007-b97649) . Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-95586-5.

16. Gerald Jay Sussman; Jack Wisdom Meinhard; Edwin Mayer (2001). Structure and Interpretation
of Classical Mechanics (https://books.google.com/books?id=H_6Ux04cPv8C&q=dynamics) .
MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-19455-6.
17. Harald Iro (2002). A Modern Approach to Classical Mechanics (https://books.google.com/book
s?id=-L5ckgdxA5YC) . World Scientific. ISBN 978-981-238-213-9.

18. Feynman, RP; Leighton, RB; Sands, M (2003). The Feynman Lectures on Physics. Vol. 1 (Reprint
of 1963 lectures ed.). Perseus Books Group. p. Ch. 9 Newton's Laws of Dynamics. ISBN 0-
7382-0930-9.

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