Computer Networking

Tribhuvan University
Faculty of Humanities and Social Science
Computer Networking
A Lab Report
Submitted To
Department of Computer Application
PadmaShree International College
In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Bachelor in Computer Application
Submitted By
Aavash Ganesh
Reg No: 6-2-622-25-2018
October 2021
TABLE OF CONTENT
S.No. Topics Signature
1. Study of different types of Network cables and implement the

cross wired cable and straight through cable using clamping tool.
2. Connect two host in packet tracer and study of basic

network command
3. Connect multiple hosts using switch in packet tracer
4. Connect multiple hosts using switch and router in packet tracer and
study of network configuration commands
5. Configure router as DHCP in packet tracer.
6. Study and Configure VLAN in packet tracer
7. Study and configure DHCP Server, Web Server and DNS Server
in packet tracer
LAB NO: 1
Study of different types of Network cables and practically implement the
cross over cable and straight through cable using clamping tool
Submitted To
Submitted By
Aavash Ganesh
Reg No: 6-2-622-25-2018
5th Semester
Signature: ……………..
October 2021
LAB NO: 1
Title:
Study of different types of Network cables and practically implement the cross-wired cable
and straight through cable using clamping tool.
Objectives:
To study of different type of network cables and implement the cross-over and straight
through cable using clamping tool in a practically way.
Apparatus Required:
Cat-6 Cable, Clamper and RJ-45
Theory:
Computer Network
Computer Network, two or more computing or networking devices that are connected with one
another for the purpose of sharing data and resources electronically. Computer Network can be
classified based on different attributes such as physical size, mode of communication, types of
devices etc.
Transmission Medium
In term of data communication terminology, a transmission medium is a physical path between
the transmitter and the receiver. In other word, it is the channel through which data is sent from
one place to another. Transmission media can be broadly classified into the type of guided
media and unguided Media where guided media is referred as wired or bounded transmission
media and unguided media is referred as wireless or unbounded transmission media.
Straight through cable

Straight-through cable is a type of twisted pair copper with RJ-45 connector at each end, and
each has the same pin out. It is in accordance with either the T546A or T546B standards. It
uses the same color code throughout the LAN for consistency. This type of twisted-pair cables
is used in LAN to connect a different kind of networking device.
Crossover Cable
A crossover cable is a type of twisted pair copper where one end T568A configuration and
other end as T568B configuration. In this type of cable connection, Pin1 is crossed with Pin3
and Pin 2 is crossed with Pin 6. Crossover cable is used to connect two or more similar type of
device.
Procedure:
For the implementation of this practical, the following step should be done:
1. Start by stripping off the plastic jacket of Cat-6 cable by about 2 inches off the end of
the cables. Not to cut into the wires while stripping, so one should be careful at this
point. Check for the cut or nicks in the wire and if there any exist, just cut the 0.5 inches
of the cable from stripping part and start from beginning.
2. Spread out the twisted cable and make it straight to be inserted into RJ-45 smoothly.
Make sure to hold the body of wire with other hand. Cut around 1.5 inches of stripped
wire before inserting it into jack.
3. Arrange the wire with the standard color combination i.e. T568A or T568B as per the
need of connection. If need to connect for different networking device, use T568A or
T568B at the both end but if need to connect for same networking device, use T568A
at one end and T568B at other end. After inserting the wire in RJ-45 clamp the jack
using clamping tool.
Observation:
In this lab, we study the twisted cable and its purpose in networking. We also notice the
different in color combination of T568A and T568B wire cable. We practically implement the
way of creating the cross-over and straight through cable using RJ-45 and clamping tool for
making network device communicate between it. Likewise, we found that for communicating
between similar devices we must use cross over cable whereas for the different networking
device, the straight through cable must be use. In straight through cable, both the end have
similar color code but in cross over cable color code of pin 1 and pin 3 of one end will be
connected to pin 2 and pin 6 of other end was also observed. Lastly, the way of sharing file
between same networking devices using cross-over Ethernet cable was also noted.
Screenshot:
Conclusion:
To concluded, brief study of different types of Network cables and practically implement the
cross-wired cable and straight through cable using clamping tool was conducted well in this
lab.
LAB NO: 2
Connect two host in packet tracer and study of basic network command
Submitted To
Submitted By
Aavash Ganesh
Reg No: 6-2-622-25-2018
5th Semester
October 2021
LAB NO: 2
Title:
Connect two host in packet tracer and study of basic network command
Objectives:
To study the basic command of networking and connect two host in packet tracker
Apparatus Required:
Packet Tracker Software
Theory:
Packet Tracer is a cross-platform visual simulation tool designed by Cisco Systems that allow
users to create network topologies and imitate he modern computer network. The software
allows users to simulate the configuration of cisco routers and switches using a simulate
command line interface. It makes use of drag and drop user interface, allowing users to add
and remove simulated devices as they see fit.
Ping is used to testing a network host capacity to interact with another host. Just enter the
command Ping, followed by the target host name or IP address. This ping command is
performed by using the Internet Control Message Protocol which allows the echo packet to be
sent to the destination host and if the destination host reply to the requesting host, that means
the host is reachable.
Procedure:
1. Run the Cisco Packet Tracker 8.0.1 or other version

2. Click on the end devices from the bottom-left of the cisco packet tracker panel
3. Select and drag the two end devices as per your need and drop it toward the working
space. Here, I will be using out the pc and laptop for its connection. Rename the host
device for your ease
4. Click on the host/end device. Click out the desktop exist in the top most part. Then click
the IP configuration and assign the static IPv4 address of your device and subnet mask.
5. Connect the two host devices using cross over cable
6. Open the command prompt from any host and use ping command to test the packet
receive/send using IP address of other host devices.
Observation:
In the implementation of this lab, the major observation was the analyzing the need of cross-
over cable for communicating between similar host devices. Likewise, the way of identifying
the basic network connectivity and testing it through sending packet was also done through
ping command in this lab. Lastly, we observed the reply from another host about the
confirmation of packet receive including the total bytes device receive, times required and TTL.
Screenshot:
Conclusion:
To concluded, in this lab experiment we successfully study the basic network command and
connect two host device for inter communication using cisco packet tracker.
LAB NO: 3
Connect multiple hosts using switch in packet tracer
Submitted To
Submitted By
Aavash Ganesh
Reg No: 6-2-622-25-2018
5th Semester
October 2021
LAB NO: 3
Title:
Connect multiple hosts using switch in packet tracer
Objectives:
To connect multiple host using switch in packet tracer
Apparatus Required:
Cisco Packet Tracer
Theory:
Ipconfig is a TCP/IP utility that displays the current TCP/IP configuration settings for each
network interface card (NIC). It is often one of the first commands to use when to check the
status of the connection when you experience communication problems on a TCP/IP network.
Internet Protocol Configuration (Ipconfig) is used to manage the IP address assigned to the
machine it is running in. Used without any additional parameter, it displays the computer’s
currently assigned IP, subnet mask and default gateway.
Switch also term as network switch or switching hub is a computer networking device that
connects network segments within a network and forward data packets to and from those
devices. The term commonly refers to a network bridge that processes and routes data at the
data link layer (layer 2) of OSI model. Switching that additionally process data at the network
layer (layer 3 and above) are often referred to as Layer 3 switches or multilayer switches.
Procedure:
1. Run the Cisco Packet Tracker 8.0.1 or other version
2. Click on the networking device and then to the switch from the bottom-left of the cisco
packet tracker panel. Drag the switch and drop it in working space.
3. Again, click on the end device and perform dragging of the multiple end devices and
drop it toward the working space. Here, I will be using out the two pc and laptop for its
connection. Rename the host device for your ease
4. Click on each of the host device. Click out the desktop exist in the top most part. Then
click the IP configuration and assign the static IPv4 address of your device and subnet
mask.
5. Connect the host devices using straight through cable
6. Open the command prompt from any host and use the ping the IP address of other host
devices.
Observation:
As a part of observation, here we study the concept of switch and how it work for
communicating between the end devices exist within its network. Here, we also observed the
way of assigning the IP address in a static manner from IP configuration and step of testing the
communication of packets between the devices using ping command
Screenshot:
Conclusion:
To concluded, in this lab we successfully study the concept of switch and way of configuration
of switch with multiple end devices.
LAB NO: 4
Connect multiple hosts using switch and router in packet tracer and study of
Network Configuration commands
Submitted To
Submitted By
Aavash Ganesh
Reg No: 6-2-622-25-2018
5th Semester
October 2021
LAB NO: 4
Title:
Connect multiple hosts using switch and router in packet tracer and study of network
configuration commands
Objectives:
To study the network configuration commands and connect multiple hosts using switch and
router
Apparatus Required:
Theory:
Network Configuration is the process of setting a network’s controls, flow and operation to
support the network communication of an organization ad or network owner. Network
configuration is also known as network setup.
Router is a device that connects two or more packets-switched networks or subnetworks. It
server two primary functions: managing traffic between these networks by forwarding data
packets to the IP address and allowing multiple devices to use the same internet connection.
Procedure:
1. Run the cisco packet tracer

2. Select and drop the end devices and networking devices from the bottom-left corner
3. Connect the end devices and networking devices using straight through cable
4. Click the end device and assign the IP address to it from IP configuration in a static
way present in Desktop portal
5. For the router IP, simply click the router and move to the command line interface (CLI).
Here, switch to the privilege mode and then to global configuration model by enable
and configure terminal command respectively.
6. Now, select the router interface through interface [port name] command and add the IP
address, subnet to the router. Lastly, switch the router status to up from no shutdown/
shu command.
Observation:
In this lab, we study the configuration of router IP address so that communication of end device
can be done outside the network. We observe and practice the router CLI command of the
global configuration model to assign IP address to the router and make the end device to send
the packet or request to the outside network. Lastly, we also note the way of connection of end
device to switch and switch to router in this lab.
Screenshot:
Conclusion:
In this lab, the main focus was to configure the multiple host using switch and router and make
their connectivity for communication with other network. And in conclusion, we successfully
understand the concept of switch and router and process of assigning the IP address to router
so that end devices can send package to outside network
LAB NO: 5
Configure router as DHCP in packet tracer
Submitted To
Submitted By
Aavash Ganesh
Reg No: 6-2-622-25-2018
5th Semester
October 2021
LAB NO: 5
Title:
Configure router as DHCP in packet tracer.
Objectives:
To configure router as dynamic host configuration protocol in packet tracer
Apparatus Required:
Theory:
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol(DHCP) is an application layer protocol used to
distribute various network configuration parameters to devices on a TCP/IP network – IP
address, subnet masks, default gateways, DNS server etc. DHCP employs a client-server
architecture. DHCP client is configured to request network parameters from a DHCP server on
the network. A DHCP server is configured with a pool of available IP address and assigns one
of them to the DHCP client
Procedure:
2. Drag the necessary end devices i.e. PC, Laptop and networking devices i.e. switch and
router to the working space
3. Connect end devices to the switch and switch to the router using straight through cable.
4. Click on the router and move to the command line interface (CLI). Switch to the global
configuration and pass the interface port of the router connected to switch
5. Assign IP address to the router through IP address command and exit from it. Again
assign the dhcp pool name, default-router and network IP and subnet mask through the
respective command
6. Click the end device and from Desktop panel, simply click out the IP Configuration.
Here, just switch the checklist from Static to the DHCP. Now, automatic IPv4 address
will be assigned.
7. Again, click the command prompt from same Desktop panel and ping all the other end
device to check for connectivity.
Observation:
In this lab, we observed the need of router as a DHCP for automatically assigning huge number
of end device. We basically observed all the command to convert router to the dynamic host
configuration protocol. Likewise, the simplest way to assign dynamic IP to end device with a
single click was also observed in this lab experiment.
Screenshot:
Conclusion:
To conclude, we successfully study the need of DHCP as a router in networking and the way
of configurating the router as a dynamic host configuration protocol
LAB NO: 6
Study and Configure VLAN in packet tracer
Submitted To
Submitted By
Aavash Ganesh
Reg No: 6-2-622-25-2018
5th Semester
October 2021
LAB NO: 6
Title:
Study and Configure VLAN in packet tracer
Objectives:
To study, understand the concept of VLAN and configure the VLAN in packet tracer
Apparatus Required:
Theory:
VLAN or the virtual LANs are logical grouping of devices in the same broadcast domain or a
subnetwork which can group together collections of devices on separate physical local area
networks (LANs).VLANs are usually configured on switches by placing some interfaces into
one broadcast domain and some interfaces into another. VLANs make it easy for network
administrators to partition a single switched network to match the functional and security
requirement of their system without having to run new cable or make major changes in their
current network infrastructure. VLANs are often set up by larger business to re-partition
devices for better traffic management.
Procedure:

2. Drag and drop the end devices and switches to the working spaces from the bottom-
right corner.
3. Connect the end devices to the switches using cross-over cable for communicating
between devices and assign the static IP address to all the end devices from Desktop
dialog box.
4. Click the switch and move to the command line interface (CLI)
5. Now, move the command mode from User EXEC to the privileged EXEC through
enable /en command. Again move from privileged EXEC to global configuration mode
and pass all the necessary command for VLAN configuration.
Observation:
During this lab, we basically observed the core concept of virtual LAN and its need in
networking. Likewise, we also observed some of the VLAN command and the way to configure
switch port to the VLAN number. Similarly, the process of transferring the default Fast
Ethernet port i.e. VLAN 1 to the respective needed VLAN number was also observed while
conducting this lab.
Screenshot:
Conclusion:
Here, in order to conclude in this lab the basic study and understand of VLANs concept and its
configuration was successfully conduct.
LAB NO: 7
Study and configure DHCP Server, Web Server and DNS Server in packet tracer
Submitted To
Submitted By
Aavash Ganesh
Reg No: 6-2-622-25-2018
5th Semester
October 2021
LAB NO: 7
Title:
Study and configure DHCP Server, Web Server and DNS Server in packet tracer.
Objectives:
To study and implement the configuration of DHCP Server, Web Server and DNS Server
Apparatus Required:
Theory:
DHCP Server is a network server that automatically provides and assigns IP address, default
gateways and other parameters to client device. It relies on the standard protocol known as
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol or DHCP to respond to broadcast queries by clients.
A DHCP server automatically sends the required network parameters for clients to properly
communicate on the network.
A web server is software and hardware that uses hypertext transfer protocol i.e. HTTP and
other protocol to respond to client requests made over the worldwide web. Beside HTTP. Web
servers also supports SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) and FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
used for email, file transfer and storage.
DNS or Domain Name System is the phonebook of the internet. Human access information
online through domain names like aavashh.github.io. Web browser interact through Internet
Protocol (IP) address and DNS translate domain name to IP address so browsers can render the
resources.
Procedure:
1. Run Cisco Packet Tracer

2. Drag the end devices i.e. Pc, laptop, printer and server and networking devices i.e.
switch and router from the bottom-left of the packet tracer.
3. Connect end devices to the switch and switch to router for networking using straight
through cable, switch to switch using cross over cable and switch to router using straight
through cable
4. Assign the static IP to the dedicated device i.e. server and printer and dynamic IP to
other end devices.
5. For the static IP, click the device and then to the Config. As the Config panel open,
click the Interface and again to the FastEthernet0 from the right side. Assign the manual
IPv4 and subnet mask to the device from IP Configuration part.
6. For the dynamic IP, click the DHCP server and then to the Services. As the Server
dialog box open, click the DHCP present in the right side and add the pool name, default
gateway and more.
7. Now, double click the other end device for dynamic IP allocation. Click the Config and
now to FastEthernet0. As the FastEthernet0 is open, just click the DHCP checkbox and
dynamic IP will be arrived for the device.
8. Check the connectivity between the devices using ping command for all devices.
9. For the web server configuration, edit the content of web server from Services panel
open after clicking the web server device and now click the client device i.e. PC or
laptop and then click the Desktop. In the end of first row, web browser is present. Just
click the web browser to open web browser dialog box. Now enter the IP address of
web server in the URL field.
10. Enter the correct web server IP address, the content of web server is fetch to the client.
11. For the DNS configuration, click the DNS server to open DNS Server dialog box. Now
click the Services and next to the DNS. Here, next DNS dialog box is open. Now add
the DNS by check out the On button for DNS Service, domain name in the name field
of resources records and the web server IP address in the address field
12. Lastly, open the Desktop portal from any Pc or laptop and enter the domain name in
the URL field present in the web browser dialog box.
Observation:
In this lab experiment, we observe the necessary step in configuration of DHCP, Web and DNS
sever. Here, we note that server are assign the IP address in static manner. We also noticed the
configuration of DHCP server from the services portal to assign the dynamic IP address to
other end devices. The process to configure web server so that client can access the content of
it was also observed successfully. Lastly, we observed configuration of DNS server to
understand the translation of domain name to IP address for accessing the request data from
web server.
Screenshot:
Conclusion:
To conclude, in this lab we successfully configure the DHCP server, Web server and DNS
server.

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Tribhuvan University

Faculty of Humanities and Social Science

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Bachelor in Computer Application

S.No. Topics Signature

1. Study of different types of Network cables and implement the

2. Connect two host in packet tracer and study of basic

3. Connect multiple hosts using switch in packet tracer

5. Configure router as DHCP in packet tracer.

6. Study and Configure VLAN in packet tracer

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Bachelor in Computer Application

Straight through cable

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Bachelor in Computer Application

1. Run the Cisco Packet Tracker 8.0.1 or other version

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Bachelor in Computer Application

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Bachelor in Computer Application

1. Run the cisco packet tracer

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Bachelor in Computer Application

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Bachelor in Computer Application

1. Run the cisco packet tracer

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Bachelor in Computer Application

1. Run Cisco Packet Tracer

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