Dalai Lama Biography

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HIS HOLINESS
THE XIV DALAI LAMA
OF TIBET
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Published by
The Department of Information and International Relations

Central Tibetan Administration,
Dharamsala, HP India
2011
1000 copies
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His Holiness the Fourteenth Dalai Lama
His Holiness the XIV Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, is the head of state
and spiritual leader of the Tibetan people. He was born on 6 July 1935
to a farmer’s family in the village of Takster, north-eastern Tibet. At
the age of two the child, Lhamo Dhondup, was recognised as the
incarnation of the Thirteenth Dalai Lama, Thubten Gyatso. In October
1939, the young Dalai Lama accompanied by the search party and his
family members arrived in Lhasa, the capital of Tibet. The enthronement
ceremony took place on 22 October 1940 in the Potala Palace.
Dalai Lama is a Mongolian title meaning “Ocean of Wisdom”, and the

Dalai Lamas are manifestations of the Bodhisattva of Compassion,
Chenrezig. Bodhisattvas are enlightened beings who have postponed
their own enlightenment and chosen to take rebirth to serve humanity.
Education in Tibet
His Holiness began his monastic education at the age of six. At 23 he

sat for his final examination at the Jokhang Temple, Lhasa, during the
annual Monlam Chenmo or the Great Prayer Festival in 1959. He passed
with honours and was awarded the Lharampa Degree (the highest-level
Geshe or the doctorate of Buddhist philosophy).
Leadership Responsibilities
In 1950 His Holiness the Dalai Lama was called upon to assume full
political power after China began its invasion of Tibet in 1949. In 1954
His Holiness went to Beijing for peace talks with Mao Zedong and other
Chinese leaders, including Deng Xiaoping and Zhou Enlai. In 1959 the
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occupying Chinese troops brutally suppressed the Tibetan national

uprising in Lhasa and forced His Holiness the Dalai Lama and over
80,000 Tibetans into exile in India and neighbouring countries.
On reaching India, His Holiness the Dalai Lama first took up residence
for about a year in Mussoorie, Uttaranchal State, after which he moved
to Dharamsala in Himachal Pradesh — where he continues to live
to this day. Dharamsala also serves as the headquarters of the exile
establishment, the Central Tibetan Administration.
Democratisation Process
In 1963 His Holiness the Dalai Lama presented a draft democratic

constitution for Tibet, which was followed by a number of political
reforms. In May 1990, the radical reforms His Holiness initiated saw
the realisation of a truly democratic administration for the exile Tibetan
community. The Kashag (the highest executive body), which till then
had been appointed by him, was dissolved along with the Tenth Tibetan
Parliament-in-Exile (then called the Assembly of the Tibetan People’s
Deputies). In the same year, the exile Tibetans in the Indian sub-
continent and elsewhere elected 46 members to the expanded eleventh
Tibetan parliament. The parliament then elected new members of the
Kashag.
The new democratic constitution promulgated as a result of this

reform came to be known as the Charter for Tibetans-in-Exile. The charter
enshrines freedom of speech, belief, assembly and movement. It also
provides detailed guidelines on the functioning of the Central Tibetan
Administration with respect to the Tibetans living in exile.
In 2001 the Tibetan parliament, on the advice of His Holiness the Dalai
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Lama, amended the Charter to provide for the Kalon Tripa, which is the
highest executive authority, to be directly elected by the exile Tibetan
people. The first election for the Kalon Tripa took place in 2001.
Peace Initiatives
In 1987 His Holiness proposed the Five-Point Peace Plan for Tibet as
the first step towards a peaceful solution to the worsening situation in
Tibet. He envisioned that Tibet will be a sanctuary — a zone of peace
at the heart of Asia — where all living beings can exist in harmony and
the environment can be restored and thrive. Since the re-establishment
of direct contact with China in 2002, there have been several rounds
of talks between His Holiness’ envoys and the Chinese government
representatives. However, nothing substantial has come out from these
meetings. In the course of these exchanges, the envoys presented to the
Chinese leaders a Memorandum on Genuine Autonomy for the Tibetan People
and a Note explaining the key points of the memorandum.
Though China has not responded positively to the various peace

proposals, His Holiness remains committed to the Middle-Way Approach
that seeks to find a solution to the issue of Tibet.
The Five-Point Peace Plan
On 21 September 1987, His Holiness addressed members of the US

Congress’ Human Rights Caucus and proposed the Five-Point Peace
Plan for Tibet:
1. Transformation of the whole of Tibet into a zone of peace.
2. Abandonment of China’s population transfer policy, which
threatens the very existence of the Tibetan people.
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3. Respect for the Tibetan people’s fundamental human rights and

democratic freedoms.
4. Restoration and protection of Tibet’s natural environment and
the abandonment of China’s use of Tibet for the production of
nuclear weapons and dumping of nuclear waste.
5. Commencement of earnest negotiations on the future status of
Tibet and of relations between the Tibetan and Chinese people.
Revered By Tibetans
Every Tibetan has a deep bond with His Holiness the Dalai Lama, who
symbolises Tibet in its entirety — the beauty of the land, the purity of
its rivers and lakes, the sanctity of its skies, the solidity of its mountains
and the strength of its people.
Universal Recognition
On 10 December 1989 His Holiness was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
The Nobel Committee stated that “the Dalai Lama, in his struggle for
the liberation of Tibet, consistently has opposed the use of violence”.
The Committee said that His Holiness had been advocating for peaceful
solutions based upon tolerance and mutual respect in order to preserve
the historical and cultural heritage of his people.
His Holiness consistently advocates policies of non-violence, even in

the face of extreme aggression and grave violence against his people by
the Chinese authorities. His Holiness says his mission in life is threefold:
as a citizen of the world, to serve humanity; as a religious leader, to
work towards inter-religious harmony; and as a Tibetan, to serve the
cause of Tibet and the Tibetan people. His Holiness also became
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the first Nobel Laureate to be recognised for his concern for global
environmental problems. In recognition of all these actions and efforts,
the United States awarded His Holiness the Congressional Gold Medal,
the country’s highest civilian honour on 17 October 2007.
His Holiness has travelled to more than 52 countries and met with
presidents, prime ministers and crowned rulers of major nations. He
has held dialogues with the heads of different religions and many well-
known scientists. Despite his hectic travelling, His Holiness authored
over 100 books in the English language.
Since 1959 His Holiness has received more than 100 honorary doctorates,
awards and prizes in recognition of his message of peace, non-violence,
inter-religious understanding, universal responsibility and compassion.
Today His Holiness is one of the foremost spiritual leaders and the most
recognized symbol of peace and the leader of the Tibetan people.
His Holiness often likes to describe himself as a “simple Buddhist

monk”. This simplicity and compassionate nature touches everyone
who meets him during his constant lectures and tours around the world.
His messages are of love, compassion and forgiveness.
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Some Books in English Authored by

His Holiness the Dalai Lama
1. My Land and My People, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York,
1962
2. The Opening of the Wisdom Eye, The Theosophical Publishing

House, Illinois, 1966
3. The Buddhism of Tibet and the Key to the Middle Way, Wisdom
Publications, London, 1975
4. Universal Responsibility and the Good Heart, Library of Tibetan

Works and Archives, Dharamsala, 1977
5. Advice from Buddha Shakyamuni, Library of Tibetan Works and

Archives, Dharamsala, 1982
6. Deity Yoga, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca, 1981
7. Collected Statements, Interviews and Articles of His Holiness the Dalai

Lama, DIIR, Dharamsala, 1982
8. Four Essential Buddhist Commentaries, Library of Tibetan Works

and Archives, Dharamsala, 1982
9. A Human Approach to World Peace, Wisdom Publications,

London, 1984
10. Kindness, Clarity and Insight, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca,

1984
11. Kalachakra Tantra Rite of Initiation, Wisdom Publications,

Boston, 1985
12. Opening of the Eye of New Awareness, Wisdom Publications,

London, 1985
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13. Opening the Mind and Generating a Good Heart, Library of Tibetan
Works and Archives, Dharamsala, 1985
14. Tantra in Tibet, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca, 1987
15. The Bodhgaya Interviews, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca, 1988
16. The Dalai Lama at Harvard, Snow Lion Pub., Ithaca, 1988
17. Transcendent Wisdom, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca, 1988
18. The Union of Bliss and Emptiness, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca
1988
19. Ocean Of Wisdom, Clear Light Publications, New Mexico, 1989
20. The Global Community and the Need for Universal Responsibility,
Wisdom Publications, Boston, 1990
21. The Meaning of Life, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca, 1990
22. My Tibet, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1990
23. The Nobel Peace Prize and the Dalai Lama, Snow Lion
Publications, Ithaca, 1990
24. Policy of Kindness, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca, 1990
25. Compassion and the Individual, Wisdom Publications, Boston,

1991
26. Cultivating a Daily Meditation, Library of Tibetan Works and

Archives, Dharamsala, 1991
27. Freedom in Exile, Harpercollins, New York, 1991
28. Mind Science: An East-West Dialogue, Wisdom Publications,

Boston, 1991
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29. Path to Bliss, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca, 1991
30. Gentle Bridges: Conversation with the Dalai Lama on the Sciences of the
Mind, Shambhala Publications, Boston, 1992
31. Worlds in Harmony:Dialogues on Compassionate Action, Parallax

Press, Berkeley, 1992
32. The Meaning of Life from a Buddhist Perspective, Wisdom

Publications, Boston, 1993
33. Words of Truth, Wisdom Publications, Boston, 1993
34. Generous Wisdom: Commentaries on the Jatakamala, Library of

Tibetan Works and Archives, Dharamsala, 1993
35. A Flash of Lightning in the Dark of Night, Shambala Publications,

Boston, 1994
36. Awakening the Mind, Lightening the Heart, Harper Collins, New
Delhi, 1995
37. Commentary on the Thirty Seven Practices of a Bodhisattva, Library of

38. Dialogues on Universal Responsibility and Education, Library of

39. Dimensions of Spirituality, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca, 1995
40. Essential Teachings, North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 1995
41. His Holiness the Dalai Lama – Speeches, Statements, Articles and
Interviews from 1987 to June 1995, Department of Information
and International Relations, Dharamsala, 1995
42. The Path to Enlightenment, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca, 1995

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43. The Power of Compassion, HarperCollins, New Delhi, 1995
44. The Spirit of Tibet: Universal Heritage — Selected Speeches and

Writings, Tibetan Parliamentary and Policy Research Centre,
New Delhi, 1995
45. Violence and Compassion/Power of Buddhism, Doubleday, New

York, 1995
46. The Way to Freedom, HarperCollins, New Delhi, 1995
47. The World of Tibetan Buddhism, Wisdom Publications, Boston,

1995
48. Beyond Dogma, Souvenir Press Ltd., London, 1996
49. The Good Heart: A Buddhist Perspective on the Teachings of Jesus,

50. The Gelug/Kagyu Tradition of Mahamudra, Snow Lion

51. Healing Anger: The Power of Patience from a Buddhist Perspective,

Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca, 1997
52. The Heart of Compassion, Foundation for Universal

Responsibility, New Delhi, 1997
53. The Joy of Living and Dying in Peace, HarperCollins, Delhi, 1997
54. Love, Kindness and Universal Responsibility, Paljor Publications,

New Delhi, 1997
55. Sleeping, Dreaming and Dying, Wisdom Publications., Boston,

1997
56. The Buddha Nature: Death and Eternal Soul in Buddhism, Bluestar
Communications Corporation, Woodside, 1997
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57. The Four Noble Truths, Thorsons, London, 1997
58. The Art of Happiness, Riverhead Books, New York, 1998
59. The Path to Tranquillity: Daily Meditations, Penguin Books, New

Delhi, 1998
60. The Political Philosophy of His Holiness the Dalai Lama: Selected
Speeches and Writings, Tibetan Parliamentary and Policy Research
Centre, New Delhi, 1998
61. Spiritual Advice for Buddhists and Christians, The Continuum

Publishing Company, New York, 1999
62. Ancient Wisdom, Modern World — Ethics for a New Millennium,

Little Brown and Company, London, 1999
63. Consciousness at the Crossroads — Conversations with the Dalai Lama

on Brain Science and Buddhism, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca,
1999
64. The Heart of the Buddha’s Path, Thorsons, London, 1999
65. The Little Book of Buddhism, Penguin Books, New Delhi, 1999
66. Training the Mind, Wisdom Publications, Boston, 1999
67. Introduction to Buddhism, Paljor Publications, New Delhi, 1999
68. Imagine All the People — The Dalai Lama on Money, Politics and Life
as It Could Be, Wisdom Publications, Boston, 1999
69. The Power of Buddhism, Newleaf, Dublin, 1999
70. The Dalai Lama’s Book of Transformation, Thorsons, London,

2000
71. A Simple Path, Thorsons, London, 2000

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72. Transforming the Mind, Thorsons, London, 2000
73. The Dalai Lama’s Book of Wisdom, Rider and Company, London,
2000
74. Buddha Heart, Buddha Mind — Living the Four Noble Truths, The
Crossroad Publishing Company, New York, 2000
75. The Meaning of Life: Buddhist Perspective on Cause and Effect,

76. The Little Book of Wisdom, Rider and Company, London, 2000
77. An Open Heart, Little Brown and Company, New York, 2001
78. Stages of Meditation, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca, 2001
79. The Transformed Mind: Reflections on Truth, Love and Happiness,

Hodder and Stoughton, London, 2001
80. Advice on Dying, Random House, London, 2002
81. Essence of the Heart Sutra, Wisdom Publications, Boston, 2002
82. How to Practice, Simon and Schuster, New York, 2002
83. Illuminating the Path to Enlightenment, Thubten Dhargye Ling,

Long Beach, 2002
84. The Pocket Dalai Lama, Shambhala Publications, Boston, 2002
85. The Heart of Compassion: A Practical Approach to a Meaningful Life,

Lotus Press, Twin Lakes, 2002
86. The Compassionate Life, Wisdom Publications, Boston, 2003
87. Warm Heart, Open Mind, the Dalai Lama Trust (New Zealand),
2003
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88. 365 Dalai Lama Daily Advice from the Heart, Element, London,
2003
89. Healing Emotions: Conversation with the Dalai Lama on Mindfulness,

Emotions and Health, Shambhala Publications, Boston, 2003
90. Many Ways to Nirvana, Penguin Books, New Delhi, 2004
91. The Wisdom of Forgiveness, Riverhead Books, New York, 2004
92. Dzogchen: Heart Essence of the Great Perfection, Snow Lion

93. Destructive Emotions, Bloomsbury Publishing PLC, London,

2004
94. Practicing Wisdom: The Perfection of Shantideva’s Bodhisattva Way,

95. New Physics and Cosmology: Dialogue with the Dalai Lama, Oxford
University Press, New York, 2004
96. Path of Wisdom, Path of Peace — A Personal Conversation, The

Crossroad Publishing Company, New York, 2005
97. The Art of Happiness at Work, Riverhead Books, New York,

2005
98. Lighting the Path: Teachings on Wisdom and Compassion, 2005
99. The Universe in a Single Atom: The Convergence of Science and

Spirituality, Morgan Road Books, New York, 2005
100. Widening the Circle of Love, Rider and Company, London, 2005
101. Yoga Tantra — Paths to Magical Seats, Snow Lion Publications,

Ithaca, 2005
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102. Teachings on Je Tsong Khapa’s Three Principal Aspects of the Path,

Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, Dharamsala, 2006
103. Activating Bodhichitta and a Meditation on Compassion, Library of

104. Mind in Comfort and Ease: The Vision of Enlightenment in the Great
Perfection, Wisdom Publications, London, 2007
105. In My Own Words: An Introduction to My Teachings and Philosophy,

Hay House (INC.), 2008
106. Dalai Lama at MIT, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 2008
107. Emotional Awareness: Overcoming the Obstacles to Psychological Balance

and Compassion, Henry Holt and Company, New York, 2009
108. Becoming Enlightened, Rider and Company, London, 2009
109. All You Ever Wanted to Know from His Holiness the Dalai Lama on
Happiness, Life, Living, and Much More, Hay House (INC.), 2009
110. Art of Happiness in a Troubled World, Doubleday, New York,

2009
111. The Middle Way: Faith Grounded in Reason, Wisdom Publications,

London, 2009
112. The Leader’s Way: Business, Buddhism and Happiness in an

Interconnected World, Nicholas Brealey Publishing, London, 2009
113. Towards a True Kinship of Faiths: How the World’s Religions can Come
Together, Doubleday, New York, 2010
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Foreign Dignitarie Who Have Met With

Date Name, Title, Place of Meeting Country
1954/55 Deng Xiaoping

Senior Leader of CCP, Beijing, China
1954/55 Zhu De
Commander in Chief of PLA, Beijing China
1954/55 Zhou Enlai

Prime Minister of China, Beijing China
1954/55 Liu Shaoqi

Senior Leader of CCP, Beijing China
1954/55 Mao Zedong

Chairman of CCP, Beijing China

1956 Zhou Enlai
Prime Minister of China, New Delhi India
1956 Dr. S. Radakrishnan

Vice President of India, New Delhi, India
1956 Dr. Rajendra Prasad

President of India, New Delhi India
1956 Jawaharlal Nehru

Prime Minster of India, New Delhi India
1956 Zhou Enlai

Premier Minister of China, New Delhi India
24 April 1959 Jawaharlal Nehru

Prime Minister of India, Mussoorie India
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Prime Minister of India, New Delhi India
17 April 1961 Dr. Rajendra Prasad

President of India, New Delhi, India
18 April 1961 Dr. S. Radhakrishnan

Vice President of India, New Delhi India

13 March 1962 Dr. S. Radhakrishnan

25 March 1962 Jawaharlal Nehru

26 March 1962 Jawaharlal Nehru

17 Oct. 1962 Dr. Zakir Husain

18 Oct. 1962 Jawaharlal Nehru

18 May 1964 Dr. S. Radhakrishnan

22 May 1964 Dr. Zakir Husain

22 May 1964 Jawaharlal Nehru

24 May 1964 Lal Bahadur Shastri

Acting Prime Minister of India, New Delhi India
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23 Sept. 1964 Lal Bahadur Shastri

27 Oct. 1965 Lal Bahadur Shastri

12 Jan. 1966 Jakov Blazevic

Vice President of Yugoslavia, New Delhi India
4 Aug. 1966 Dr. S. Radhakrishnan

6 Aug. 1966 Indira Gandhi

24 Sept. 1967 Indira Gandhi

24 Sept. 1967 Dr. Zakir Husain

24 Sept.1967 V. V. Giri
13 Nov. 1967 Field Marshal T. Kittikachorn

Prime Minister of Thailand, Bangkok Thailand
14 Nov. 1967 H. M. King Bhumibol A. Adulyadulyadej

King of Thailand, Bangkok Thailand
14 Nov. 1967 Field Marshal T. Kittikachorn,

Prime Minister of Thailand, Bangkok Thailand
16 Nov. 1967 H.M. King Bhumibol A. Adulyadulyadej

17 Nov. 1967 H.H. Somdej Phra Sangharaja

Supreme Patriarch of Thailand Thailand
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27 Nov. 1968 Indira Gandhi

Prime Minister of India, New Delhi, India
27 Nov. 1968 V. V. Giri

28 Nov. 1968 Dr. Zakir Husain

1 Oct. 1969 Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan

Indian National Leader, New Delhi India
1 Oct. 1969 Dr. Gopal Pathak

11 Oct. 1969 V. V. Giri

16 Oct. 1969 Indira Gandhi

28 Jan. 1972 H.M. King Bhumibol A. Adulyadulyadej

4 Jan. 1973 Indira Gandhi

30 Sept. 1973 H.H. Pope Paul V

Vatican City Italy
2 Oc. 1973 H.H. Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan

Geneva Switzerland
9 Oct. 1973 H.R.H. Prince Bernhard

Amsterdam The Netherlands
10 Oct. 1973 Erskine Childers

President of the Republic of Ireland, Dublin Ireland
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10 Oct. 1973 Lien Cosgrade

Prime Minister of the Republic of Ireland
Dublin, Ireland
10 Oct. 1973 Frank Aiken

Foreign Minister of Ireland, Dublin Ireland
19 Oct. 1973 H.R.H. Prince Peter

Oslo Norway
25 Oct. 1973 Dr. M. Ramsey

Archbishop of Canterbury, London UK
20 March 1974 V. V. Giri


22 July 1977 Morarji Desai

26 Aug. 1977 N. Sanjiva Reddy

18 Sept. 1978 Morarji Desai

6 Nov. 1978 J. R. Jayewardene

President of Sri Lanka, New Delhi India
22 Jan. 1979 Morarji Desai

7 July 1979 Morarji Desai


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15 Sept. 1979 Lee Dreyfus

Governor of Wisconsin, Madison USA

9 Oct. 1980 H.H. Pope John Paul II
Vatican City Italy
1 Nov. 1980 Suzuki Zenko

Prime Minister of Japan, Tokyo Japan
14 Oct. 1981 Indira Gandhi

15 Feb. 1982 Indira Gandhi

27 July 1982 Tunku Abdul Rahman

Former Prime Minister of Malaysia Malaysia
2 Aug. 1982 A. Ratu Perwiranegasa

Minister for Religious Affairs of Indonesia Indonesia
2 Aug. 1982 Adam Malik

Vice President of Indonesia, Jakarta Indonesia
October 1982 H.H. Pope John Paul II

Vatican City Italy

15 Feb. 1984 Indira Gandhi

3 July 1984 Dr. Robert Runcie

28 March 1985 Rajiv Gandhi

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5 Aug. 1985 Zail Singh

5 Aug. 1985 Rajiv Gandhi

1 Feb. 1986 Zail Singh

1 Feb. 1986 Rajiv Gandhi

13 May 1986 Dr. Rudolf Kirchschlaeger

President of Austria, Vienna Austria
17 May 1986 H.R.H. Princess Irene of the Netherlands

20 May 1986 H.R.H. Princess Juliana & Prince Bernhard

11 Sept. 1986 Patriarch Pimen of All Russia

Moscow USSR

Vatican City Italy
12 Sept. 1987 R. Venkataraman

20 Sept. 1987 Jimmy Carter

Former President of the US, Atlanta USA
13 April 1988 Dr. Robert Runcie

14 June 1988 H.H. Pope John Paul II

Vatican City Italy
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18 June 1988 H.H. Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan

Geneva Switzerland
17 Nov. 1988 Rajiv Gandhi

10 Jan. 1989 Rajiv Gandhi

27 June 1989 Dr. Oscar Arias

President of Costa Rica Costa Rica
3 July 1989 Carlos Santos

President of Mexico, Mexico City Mexico
11 Nov. 1989 Rajiv Gandhi

7 Dec. 1989 Willy Brandt

Former Chancellor of Germany, Berlin Germany
8 Dec. 1989 Rita Sussmuth

President of the West German Bundestag Germany
9 Dec. 1989 Kjell Magne Bondevik

Foreign Minister of Norway, Oslo Norway
10 Dec. 1989 H.M. King Olav of Norway

Oslo Norway
11 Dec. 1989 Jan P. Syse

Prime Minister of Norway, Oslo Norway
3 Feb. 1990 Vaclav Havel

President of Czechoslovakia, Prague Czechoslovkia
24 April 1990 Mark Eyskens

Belgian Minister of External Affairs, Brussels Belgium
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1 June 1990 H.H. Pope John Paul II

Vatican City Italy
4 June 1990 Urralburu

President of the Autonomous
Government of Nayara Spain
5 Sept. 1990 Gabriel Canellas

President of the Autonomous
Government of the Baleares Spain
10 Sept. 1990 H. van den Broek

Minister of Foreign Affairs,
4 Oct. 1990 Prof. Von Weizsacker

President of Germany, Bonn Germany
Dec. 1990 H.H. Shankarachariya of Kanchi Kamakoti

Madras India
29 Jan. 1991 Chandra Shekhar

18 March 1991 H.R.H. The Duke of Gloucester

G.C.V.O. London UK
18 March 1991 H.R.H. Prince Charles

London UK
20 March 1991 Lord Mackay

Lord Chancellor, London UK
20 March 1991 Bernard Weatherhill

The Speaker, House of Commons, London UK
21 March 1991 Neil Kinnock

Leader, Opposition in the Parliament, London UK
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22 March 1991 Mary Robinson

President of the Irish Republic, Dublin Ireland
27 March 1991 Dr. Carl Sagan

Scientist, Ithaca USA
16 April 1991 George Bush Sr.

President of the US, Washington DC USA
16 April 1991 Fruto Chamorro Perez

President of Nicaragua, Washington Nicaragua
16 April 1991 Dan Quayle

Vice President of the US, Washington USA
16 April 1991 Jiri Dienstbier

Foreign Minister of Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia
16 April 1991 Jean Kirkpatrik

US Permanent Representative to the UN USA
18 April 1991 George Mitchell

Majority Leader of the US Senate, Washington USA
18 April 1991 Thomas Foley

Speaker of the US House, Washington USA
9 July 1991 P. V. Narasimha Rao

16 Aug. 1991 H.R.H. Prince Hans-Adam II

Liechtenstein Liechtenstein
19 Aug. 1991 Rene Feler

Swiss Foreign Minister, Bern Switzerland
29 Sept. 1991 Vytautas Landsbergis

President of Lithuania, Vilnius Lithuania
27
30 Sept. 1991 Gediminas Vagnorius

Prime Minister of Lithuania, Vilnius Lithuania
30 Sept. 1991 K. Palkalniskis

Deputy Prime Minister of Lithuana
Vilnius, Lithuania
4 Oct. 1991 Olo Nugis

The Supreme Council of Estonia, Tallinn Estonia
4 Oct. 1991 Indrek Toome Kadriorg

Foreign Affairs Commission of Estonia Estonia
5 Oct. 1991 Zhelyu Zhelev

President of Bulgaria, Sofia Bulgaria
10 Oct. 1991 H.M. Empress Farah Pahlavi

Empress of Iran, Hartford UK
2 Dec. 1991 John Major

Prime Minister of UK, London UK
3 Dec. 1991 H.M. King Carl XVI Gustaf & Queen Silvia
of Sweden, Stockholm Sweden
4 Dec. 1991 Margaretha af Ugglas

Swedish Foreign Minister, Stockholm Sweden
5 Dec. 1991 Alf Svensson

Minister for International Development
Cooperation & Human Rights Issues of Sweden,
Stockholm Sweden
7 Dec. 1991 Bishop Desmond Tutu

Nobel Laureate, Oslo Norway
7 Dec. 1991 Lech Walesa

President of Poland, Oslo Norway
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8 Dec. 1991 Gro Harlem Brundtland

Prime Minster of Norway, Oslo Norway
3 March 1992 P. V. Narasimha Rao

4 May 1992 Son San

Prime Minister of Cambodia Cambodia
6 May 1992 Gareth Evans

Foreign Minister of Australia, Canberra Australia
8 May 1992 Paul Keating

Prime Minister of Australia, Canberra Australia
13 May 1992 Jim Bolger

Prime Minister of New Zealand,
Willington New Zealand
13 May 1992 Don McKinnon

Foreign Minister of New Zealand
Willington New Zealand
11 June 1992 Carlos Menem

President of Argentina, Buenos Aires Argentina
20 June 1992 Patricio Aylwin

President of Chile, Santiago Chile
12 Sept. 1992 Dr. Shankar D. Sharma


27 April 1993 Bill Clinton
27 April 1993 Al Gore

Vice President of the US USA
29
10 May 1993 Dr. George Carey

12 May 1993 Douglas Hurd

Foreign Secretary of UK, London UK
17 May 1993 Lech Walesa

President of Poland, Warsaw Poland
14 June 1993 Dr. Thomas Klestil

President of Austria, Vienna Austria
14 April 1994 John D. Waihee III

Governor of Hawaii, Honolulu USA
29 April 1994 Dr. Rita Sussmuth

President of the German Parliament
Frankfurt Germany
4 June 1994 H.R.H. Princess Juliana of Holland

5 July 1994 Fruto Chamorro Perez

President of Nicaragua, Managua Nicaragua
5 July 1994 Ernesto Leal

Foreign Minister of Nicaragua Nicaragua
15 May 1996 Foreign Minister of Denmark

Copenhagen Denmark
20 May 1996 H.H. Pope John Paul II

Vatican City Italy
23 May 1996 Lena Hjelm-Waln

Foreign Minister of Sweden, Stockholm Sweden
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28 May 1996 Bjorn Tore Godal

17 July 1996 Douglas Hurd

20 Aug. 1996 Bishop Desmond Tutu

Nobel Laureate, Cape Town South Africa
21 Aug. 1996 Nelson Mandela

President of South Africa, Cape Town South Africa

23 Aug. 1996 F. W. de Klerk
Former President of South Africa
Pretoria South Africa
11 Sept. 1996 Jim Bolger

Prime Minister of New Zealand New Zealand
11 Sept. 1996 Don McKinnon

Foreign Minister of New Zealand, New Zealand
14 Sept. 1996 John Howard

Prime Minister of Australia Australia
14 Sept. 1996 Alexander Downer

Foreign Minister of Australia, Melbourne Australia
23 Oct. 1996 Dr. Klaus Hansch

President of the European Parliament
Strasbourg France
23 Oct. 1996 Jacques Santer

President of the EU, Strasbourg France
27 March 1997 Lee Teng-Hui

President of Taiwan, Taipei Taiwan
31
23 April 1997 Bill Clinton

23 April 1997 Al Gore

Vice President of the US, Washington DC USA
23 April 1997 Madeline Albright

US Secretary of State, Washington DC USA
5 Sept. 1997 Vaclav Havel

President of the Czech Republic Czech Republic
6 April 1998 Mikhal Gorbachev

Former President of USSR, Kyoto Japan
4 May 1998 Bill Richardson

US Ambassador to UN, New York USA
5 May 1998 Mary Robinson

UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Ireland
7 May 1998 Todd Whitman

Governor of New Jersey, New Jersey USA
11 May 1998 Jimmy Carter

Former President of the US, Atlanta USA
9 June 1998 Wolfgang Schussel

Foreign Minister of Austria, Vienna Austria
17 June 1998 Laurent Fabius

President of the French National Assembly France
10 Nov. 1998 Bill Clinton

10 Nov. 1998 Al Gore

Vice President of the US, Washington DC USA
32
10 Nov. 1998 Madeline Albright

8 Dec. 1998 Jacques Chirac

President of France, Paris France
8 Dec. 1998 Lionel Jospin

Prime Minister of France, Paris France
8 Dec. 1998 Kofi Annan

Secretary General of UN, Paris France
8 Dec. 1998 Mary Robinson

UN High Commissioner for HR, Paris France
7 April 1999 Fernando Henrique Cordoso

President of Brazil, Brasilia Brazil
13 April 1999 Eduardo Frei

President of Chile, Santiago Chile
4 May 1999 Jean Luc Dehaene

Prime Minister of Belgium, Brussels Belgium
10 May 1999 Tony Blair

11 May 1999 Dr. George Carey

12 May 1999 Robert Cook

12 May 1999 H.R.H. Prince Charles of UK

Highgrove UK
16 June 1999 Joschka Fisher

Foreign Minister of Germany, Bonn Germany
33
17 June 1999 Otto Schily

Interior Minister of Germany, Bonn Germany
18 Oct. 1999 Jozias van Aartsen

Foreign Minister of The Netherlands
The Hague The Netherlands
18 Oct. 1999 Sussanne Camelia-Romer

Prime Minister of The Netherlands
The Hague The Netherlands
26 Oct. 1999 Massimo D’Alema

Prime Minister of Italy , Rome Italy

Vatican City Italy
24 Nov. 1999 Abraham Burg

Speaker of the Israeli Knesset, Jerusalem Israel
24 Nov. 1999 Yossi Sarid

Israeli Minister of Education, Jerusalem Israel
10 May 2000 Maciej Plazynski

Speaker of the Polish Parliament, Warsaw Poland
11 May 2000 Jerzy Buzek

Prime Minister of Poland, Warsaw Poland
16 May 2000 Anna Lindh

Foreign Minister of Sweden, Stockholm Sweden
16 May 2000 Birgitta Dahl

Speaker, Swedish Parliament, Stockholm Sweden
17 May 2000 Goran Persson

Prime Minister of Sweden, Stockholm Sweden
34
21 May 2000 Poul Nyrup Rasmussen

Prime Minister of Denmark, Copenhagen Denmark
22 May 2000 Thorbjorn Jagland

22 May 2000 H.M. King Harold of Norway

Oslo Norway
23 May 2000 Jens Stoltenberg

20 June 2000 Bill Clinton

21 June 2000 Richard Holbrooke

US Ambassador to UN, Washington DC USA
3 July 2000 Madeline Albright

11 Oct. 2000 Viktor Orban

Prime Minister of Hungary, Budapest Hungary
13 Oct. 2000 Janos Martonyi

Foreign Minister of Hungary, Budapest Hungary
16 Oct. 2000 Vaclav Havel

President of the Czech Republic,
Prague Czech Republic
21 Oct 2000 Mary McAleese

President of Ireland, Belfast Ireland
6 May 2001 Ruth Dreifuss

Interior Minister of Switzerland, Basel Switzerland
35
9 May 2001 Jesse Ventura

Governor of Minnesota, St. Paul USA
10 May 2001 Michael Leavitt

Governor of Utah, Salt Lake City USA
13 May 2001 John Kitzhaber

Governor of Oregon, Portland USA
22 May 2001 Colin Powell

22 May 2001 Richard Armitage

Deputy Secretary of State, Washington DC USA
23 May 2001 George W. Bush

President of USA, Washington DC USA
19 June 2001 Maart Laar

Prime Minister of Estonia, Tallinn Estonia
21 June 2001 Vaira Vike-Frigbera

President of Latvia, Riga Latvia
23 June 2001 Andris Berzins

Prime Minister of Latvia, Riga Latvia
24 June 2001 Valdas Adamkus

President of Lithuania, Vilnius Lithuania
24 Oct. 2001 Nicole Fontaine

President, European Parliament, Strasbourg France
24 Oct. 2001 Simeon II

Prime Minister of Bulgaria, Strasbourg France
27 Nov. 2001 H.M. King of Portugal

Fatima Portugal
36
28 Nov. 2001 Jorge Sampaio

President of Portugal, Lisbon Portugal
30 Nov. 2001 Giovanni Alemanni

Italian Minister of Agriculture & Forestry
Pomaia Italy
28 May 2002 Jim Anderton

Prime Minister, N. Zealand, Wellington New Zealand
28 May 2002 Phil Goff

New Zealand’s Minister of Foreign Affairs,
Wellington New Zealand
2 July 2002 Vaclav Havel

President of the Czech Republic,
4 July 2002 Dr. Janez Drnovsek

Prime Minister of Slovenia, Ljubljana Slovenia
4 July 2002 Borut Pahor

President, National Assembly of Slovenia,
Ljubljana Slovenia
5 July 2002 Milan Kucan

President of Slovenia, Ljubljana Slovenia
6 July 2002 Dr. Dimitrij Rupel

Foreign Minister of Slovenia, Ljubljana Slovenia
8 July 2002 Ivica Racan

Prime Minister of Croatia, Zagreb Croatia
13 Oct. 2002 Benita Ferrero-Waldner

Foreign Minister of Austria, Graz Austria
37
7 Nov. 2002 N. Enkhbayar

Prime Minister of Mongolia
Ulan Bator Mongolia
30 May 2003 Joschka Fischer

Foreign Minister of Germany, Berlin Germany

30 May 2003 Wolfgang Thierse
President, German Parliament, Berlin Germany
3 June 2003 Bjorn Von Sydow

Speaker, Swedish Parliament, Stockholm Sweden
4 June 2003 Per Stig Moller

Foreign Minister, Denmark, Copenhagen Denmark
6 June 2003 Anders Fogh Rasmussen

Prime Minister, Denmark, Copenhagen Denmark
9 Sept. 2003 Bill Frist

US Senate Majority Leader, Washington DC USA
9 Sept. 2003 Tom Daschle

US Senate Minority Leader, Washington DC USA
9 Sept. 2003 Colin Powell

10 Sept. 2003 George W. Bush

President of USA, Washington DC USA
11 Sept. 2003 Dennis Hastert

Speaker of the US House, Washington DC USA
11 Sept. 2003 Nancy Pelosi

House Minority Leader, Washington DC USA
38
26 Nov. 2003 Margherita Boniver

Deputy Foreign Minister of Italy, Rome Italy
26 Nov. 2003 Pier Ferdinando Casini

President, Italian Chamber of Deputies, Rome Italy
27 Nov. 2003 H.H. Pope John Paul II

Vatican City Italy
27 Nov. 2003 Marcello Pera

President of the Italian Senate, Rome Italy
28 Nov. 2003 Mikhal Gorbachev

Former President of USSR, Rome Italy
23 April 2004 Paul Martin

Prime Minister of Canada, Ottawa Canada
27 May 2004 Dr. Rowan Williams

27 May 2004 Jack Straw

28 May 2004 H.R.H. Prince Charles of UK

London UK
28 May 2004 Michael Howard

Leader of Opposition, London UK
3 July 2004 Sonia Gandhi

President, Congress Party, New Delhi India
3 July 2004 Manmohan Singh

23 Sept. 2004 Sila Calderon

Governor of Puerto Rico, San Juan Puerto Rico
39
26 Sept. 2004 Guido Saenz

Minister for Culture, Costa Rica, San Jose Costa Rica
27 Sept. 2004 Abel Pacheco

President of Costa Rica, San Jose Costa Rica
27 Sept. 2004 Lineth Sabario

Vice President of Costa Rica
San Jose Costa Rica
27 Sept. 2004 Roberto Tova Faja

Foreign Minister of Costa Rica
San Jose Costa Rica
27 Sept. 2004 Gerardo Gonzalez Esquivel

President, Costa Rican Congress, San Jose Costa Rica
27 Sept. 2004 Mario Redondo Poveda

Speaker, Costa Rican Parliament, San Jose Costa Rica
29 Sept. 2004 Tony Saca

President, El Salvador, San Salvador El Salvador
29 Sept. 2004 Ana Vilma de Escobar

Vice President, El Salvador, San Salvador El Salvador
29 Sept. 2004 Francisco Lainez

Foreign Minister of El Salvador
San Salvador El Salvador
1 Oct. 2004 Oscar Jose Rafael Berger Perdomo

President, Guatemala, Guatemala City Guatemala
1 Oct. 2004 Jorge Briz Abularach

Foreign Minister, Guatemala
Guatemala City Guatemala
40
1 Oct. 2004 Eduardo Stein Barrillas

Vice President, Guatemala, Guatemala City Guatemala
1 Oct. 2004 Maria del Carmen Acena

Education Minister of Guatemala
Guatemala City Guatemala
5 Oct. 2004 Nr. Santiago Creel

Secretary of Interior Ministery of Mexico,
Mexico City Mexico
5 Nov. 2004 Nelson Mandela

Former President of South Africa
Johannesburg South Africa
7 Nov. 2004 Dr. M.G. Buthelezi

President, South African Inkatha Freedom Party,
Durban South Africa
18 May 2005 Bassem Awadallah

Finance Minister of Jordan, Petra Jordan
18 May 2005 H.M. King Abdullah II & Queen Rania

Petra Jordan
19 May 2005 Bill Clinton

Former President of the US, Petra Jordan
19 May 2005 H.R.H. Prince Ghazi Bin Mohammed

Personal Envoy & Senior Advisor
to H.M. the King of Jordan, Amman Jordan
14 June 2005 Jorgen Kosmo

President, Norwegian Parliament, Oslo Norway
15 June 2005 Kjell Magne Bondevik

41
17 June 2005 Dr. Angela Merkel

Leader, German CDU/CSU Party, Berlin Germany
18 June 2005 Wolfgang Thierse

President, German Parliament, Berlin Germany
1 Aug. 2005 Giuliano Amato

Former Prime Minister, Italy, Bolzano Italy
4 Aug. 2005 Pascal Couchepin

Interior Minister of Switzerland, Zurich Switzerland
16 Aug. 2005 Natwar Singh

Foreign Minister of India, New Delhi India
9 Sept. 2005 Frank H. Murkowski

Governor of Alaska, Anchorage USA
11 Sept. 2005 Dirk Kempthorne

Governor of Idaho, Sun Valley USA
27 Oct. 2005 Renuka Chowdhury

Minister of Tourism of India, New Delhi India
6 Nov. 2005 Jimmy Carter

Former US President, San Francisco USA
9 Nov. 2005 George W. Bush

US President, Washington DC USA
9 Nov. 2005 Condoleeza Rice

16 Nov. 2005 Dennis Hastert

16 Nov. 2005 Nancy Pelosi

House Minority Leader, Washington DC USA
42
16 Nov. 2005 Harry Reid

Senate Minority Leader, Washington DC USA
18 Nov. 2005 Dr. M.G. Buthelezi

President, South African Inkatha Freedom Party,
Edinburgh Scotland
19 Feb. 2006 Rabbi Yona Metzger Ashkenazi

Chief Rabbi of Israel, Jerusalem Israel
19 Feb. 2006 Rabbi Shlomo Amar Sephardi

Chief Rabbi of Israel, Jerusalem Israel
26 April 2006 Jose Luiz de Franco Pena

President of the Brazilian Green Party
Sao Paulo Brazil
26 April 2006 Gilberto Gil

Minister of Culture of Brazil, Sao Paulo Brazil
1 May 2006 Adolfo Perez Esquivel

Nobel Peace Laureate, Buenos Aires Argentina
3 May 2006 Jaime Naranjo Ortiz

Vice President, Chilean Senate, Santiago Chile
4 May 2006 Antonio Leal Labrin

President of the Chilean House of Chambers,
Valpairaso Chile
5 May 2006 Martin Zilic

Minister of Education of Chile, Santiago Chile
5 May 2006 Paulina Urrutia

Minister of Culture of Chile, Santiago Chile
43
5 May 2006 Cardinal Errazuriz Ossa

Archbishop of Chile, Santiago Chile
5 May 2006 Felipe Harboe Bascunan

Deputy Minister of Interior of Chile, Santiago Chile
6 May 2006 Sergio Espejo

Minister of Transport of Chile, Santiago Chile
7 May 2006 Elaine Karp de Toledo

First Lady of Peru, Lima Peru
11 May 2006 Mario Iguaran

Attorney General of Colombia, Bogota Colombia
14 May 2006 Dr. Jorg Haider

Governor of Carinthia, St. Veit Austria
14 May 2006 Hubert Gorbach

Vice Chancellor of Austria, St. Veit Austria
14 May 2006 Maria Rauch-Kallat

Minister of Health of Austria, St. Veit Austria
14 May 2006 Karin Gastinger

Minister of Justice of Austria, St. Veit Austria
30 May 2006 Wolfgang Schussel

Chancellor of Austria & President of
the European Council, Brussels Belgium
30 May 2006 Jose Manuel Barroso

President, European Commission, Brussels Belgium
31 May 2006 Gunter Verheugen

Vice President, European Commission,
Brussels Belgium
44
31 May 2006 Josep Borrell

President, European Parliament, Brussels Belgium
1 June 2006 Armand De Decker

Minister of Development Cooperation of Belgium,
Brussels Belgium
1 June 2006 Herman De Croo

President of the Belgian House, Brussels Belgium
1 June 2006 Anne Marie Lizen

President of the Belgian Senate, Brussels Belgium
1 June 2006 Guy Verhofstadt

20 June 2006 H.H. Ahmad Helail

Imam to the Royal Hashemite Court
& Supreme Judge of Jordan, Amman Jordan
21 June 2006 H.M. King Abdullah II & Queen Rania,

Petra Jordan
22 June 2006 H.R.H. Prince Ghazi Bin Mohammed

Personal Envoy & Senior Advisor
to H.M. the King of Jordan, Amman Jordan
8 Sept. 2006 Gordon Campbell

Premier of British Columbia, Vancouver Canada
9 Sept. 2006 Monte Solberg

Minister of Citizenship & Immigration of Canada,
Vancouver Canada
9 Sept. 2006 Jason Kenny

Parliamentary Secretary of Canada,
Vancouver Canada
45
16 Sept. 2006 Oscar Arias Sanchez

President of Costa Rica, Denver USA
17 Sept. 2006 H.M. Queen Noor

Former Queen of Jordan, Denver USA
22 Sept. 2006 Bill Clinton

Former President of the US, New York USA
26 Sept. 2006 Arnold Schwarzenegger

Governor of California, Long Beach USA
9 Oct. 2006 Vaclav Havel

President, Czech Republic, Prague Czech Republic
10 Oct. 2006 Sasha Vondra

Foreign Minister, The Czech Republic,
12 Oct. 2006 Franco Marini

12 Oct. 2006 Fausto Bertinotti

Speaker of the Italian Parliament, Rome Italy
13 Oct. 2006 H.H. Pope Benedict XVI

Vatican City Italy
13 Oct. 2006 Massimo D’Allema

Foreign Minister of Italy, Rome Italy
27 April 2007 Nancy Pelosi

Speaker of the US House, San Francisco USA
3 May 2007 Jim Doyle

46
4 May 2007 Walter Mondale

Former US Vice President, Madison USA
12 June 2007 Kevin Rudd

Leader, Australian Opposition, Canberra Australia
14 June 2007 Helen Clark

Prime Minister, New Zealand, Brisbane Australia
15 June 2007 John Howard

Prime Minister of Australia, Sydney Australia
19 June 2007 Winston Peters

Foreign Minister of New Zealand
Wellington New Zealand
10 Sept. 2007 Ernest Benach Pascaul

President, Catalonian Parliament, Barcelona Spain
10 Sept. 2007 Josep-Lluis Carod-Rovira

Vice President of Catalonian Government,
Barcelona Spain
13 Sept. 2007 Jaime Gama

President, Portuguese Parliament, Lisbon Portugal
14 Sept. 2007 Mario Soares

Former President of Portugal, Lisbon Portugal
14 Sept. 2007 Jorge Sampaio

Former President of Portugal, Lisbon Portugal
17 Sept. 2007 Dr. Erwin Proll

Governor of Lower Austria, Hinterbruhl Austria
18 Sept. 2007 Dr. Jorg Haider

Governor of Carinithia Melk Austria
47
20 Sept. 2007 Alfred Gusenberger

Chancellor of Austria, Vienna Austria
20 Sept. 2007 Dr. Jurgen Ruettgers

Minister President of North Rhine-Westphalia
Muenster Germany
22 Sept. 2007 Roland Koch

Minister President of Hessen, Wiesbaden Germany
23 Sept. 2007 Dr. Angela Merkel

Chancellor of Germany, Berlin Germany
16 Oct. 2007 George W. Bush

17 Oct. 2007 John Boehner

US House Minority Leader, Washington DC USA
17 Oct. 2007 Steny Hoyer

US House Majority Leader, Washington DC USA
17 Oct. 2007 Mitch McConnell

US Senate Minority Leader, Washington DC USA
17 Oct. 2007 Harry Reid

US Senate Majority Leader, Washington DC USA
17 Oct. 2007 Nancy Pelosi

19 Oct. 2007 John Negroponte

Deputy US Secretary of State, Washington DC USA
29 Oct. 2007 Michaelle Jean

Governor General of Canada, Ottawa Canada
48
29 Oct. 2007 Stephen Harper

Prime Minister of Canada, Ottawa Canada

29 Oct. 2007 Maxime Bernie
Foreign Minister of Canada, Ottawa Canada
29 Oct. 2007 Stockwell Day

Minister, Public Safety of Canada, Ottawa Canada
29 Oct. 2007 Jason Kenney

Canadian Secretary of State for
Multiculturalism & Identity, Ottawa Canada
29 Oct. 2007 Peter Milliken

Speaker, Canadian Parliament, Ottawa Canada
30 Oct. 2007 Stephane Dion

Leader, Canadian Liberal Party, Ottawa Canada
30 Oct. 2007 Gilles Duceppe

Leader, Canadian Block Quebecois Party
Ottawa Canada
30 Oct. 2007 Jack Layton

Leader, Canadian New Democratic Party,
Ottawa Canada
7 Dec. 2007 Roberto Formigoni

President of the Lombardi Region, Milan Italy
12 Dec. 2007 Ricardo Illy

President, Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, Udine Italy
13 Dec. 2007 Franco Marini

13 Dec. 2007 Fausto Bertinotti

President, Italian Chamber of Deputies, Rome Italy
49
13 Dec. 2007 Gianni Vernetti

Deputy Foreign Minister of Italy, Rome Italy
14 Dec 2007 Giovanni Melandri

Minister, Youth & Sports Activity of Italy, Rome Italy
21 March 2008 Nancy Pelosi

Speaker of the US House, Dharamsala India
12 April 2008 Christine Gregoire

Governor of Washington, Seattle USA
15 May 2008 Roland Koch

Minister President of Hessen, Frankfurt Germany
15 May 2008 Dr. Jurgen Ruettgers

Minister President of North Rhine-Westphalia
Bochum Germany
15 May 2008 Dr. Norbert Lammert

Speaker, German Parliament, Bochum Germany
19 May 2008 Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul

Federal Minister for Economic
Cooperation & Development
of Germany, Berlin Germany
21 May 2008 David Cameron

Leader of the UK Conservative Party &
Leader of Opposition, London UK
22 May 2008 Nick Clegg

Leader of the UK Liberal Democrats, London UK
22 May 2008 H.R.H. Prince Charles

Prince of Wales, London UK
50
23 May 2008 Dr. Rowan Williams

23 May 2008 Gordon Brown

11 June 2008 Dr. Brendan Nelson

Leader, Australian Opposition, Sydney Australia
13 June 2008 Chris Evans

Minister for Immigration & Citizenship
of Australia, Sydney Australia
15 June 2008 Stephen Smith

Foreign Minister of Australia, Perth Australia
17 June 2008 H.R.H. Prince Ghazi Bin Mohammed

Personal Envoy & Senior Advisor to
H.M. the King of Jordan, Amman Jordan
18 June 2008 H.M. King Abdullah II & Queen Rania,

Petra Jordan
21 July 2008 Jim Doyle

25 July 2008 John McCain

Republican US Presidential Candidate, Aspen USA
16 Aug. 2008 Segolene Royale

Socialist Leader of France, Nantes France
22 Aug. 2008 Rama Yade

Deputy Foreign Minister of France
Roqueredonde France
22 Aug. 2008 Bernard Kouchner

Foreign Minister of France, Roqueredonde France
51
22 Aug. 2008 Carla Bruni Sarkozy

First Lady of France, Roqueredonde France
30 Nov. 2008 Mirek Topolamek

Prime Minister of The Czech Republic,
1 Dec. 2008 Vaclav Havel

Former President of The Czech Republic
2 Dec. 2008 Karel Schwarzenberg

Foreign Minister of The Czech Republic,
2 Dec. 2008 Yves Leterme

4 Dec. 2008 Dr. Hans-Gert Pottering

President, European Parliament, Brussels Belgium
4 Dec. 2008 Harman Van Rompuy

President of the Belgian House, Brussels Belgium
4 Dec. 2008 Armand De Decker

President of the Belgian Senate, Brussels Belgium
5 Dec. 2008 Donald Tusk

Prime Minister of Poland, Gdansk Poland
6 Dec. 2008 Nicolas Sarkozy

President of France, Gdansk Poland
10 Dec. 2008 Lech Kaczynski

President of Poland, Warsaw Poland
11 Dec. 2008 Bogdan Borusewicz

Speaker of the Polish Senate, Warsaw Poland
52
11 Dec. 2008 Bronislaw Komorowski

Speaker of the Polish House, Warsaw Poland
2 Jan. 2009 Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

Former President of India, Dharamsala India
10 Feb. 2009 Roland Koch

Minister President of Hessen, Baden Germany
13 Feb. 2009 Luvsanvandan Bold

Defence Minister of Mongolia, New Delhi India
11 June 2009 Hamid Ansari

6 July 2009 Sonia Gandhi

Chairperson of the United
Progressive Alliance, New Delhi India
7 July 2009 Atal Behari Vajpayee

Former Prime Minister of India, New Delhi India
7 July 2009 Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

Former President of India, New Delhi India
8 July 2009 L.K. Advani

Former Deputy Prime Minister and
Home Minister of India, New Delhi India
29 July 2009 Roland Koch

Minister President of Hessen, Frankfurt Germany
30 July 2009 Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul

Minister for Economic Cooperation &
Development of Germany, Frankfurt Germany
6 Aug. 2009 Chiara Simoneschi-Cortesi

President, Swiss Parliament, Lausanne Switzerland
53
1 Sept. 2009 Tsai Ing-Wen

Chairwoman of Taiwanese Democratic
Progressive Party, Kaohsiung Taiwan
11 Sept. 2009 Willem De Klerk

Former President, South Africa
Prague South Africa
11 Sept. 2009 Vaclav Havel

Former President of The Czech Republic
11 Sept. 2009 Jan Fischer

Prime Minister of The Czech Republic,
12 Sept. 2009 Jan Kohout

Deputy Prime Minister & Foreign Minister
of The Czech Republic, Prague Czech Republic
13 Sept. 2009 Sukhbaatar Batbold

Foreign Minister of Mongolia, New Delhi India
6 Oct. 2009 Nancy Pelosi

18 Nov. 2009 Gianfranco Fini

President of the Italian Lower House, Rome Italy
3 Dec. 2009 Tony Abbott

Leader of Australian Opposition, Sydney Australia
4 Dec. 2009 Peter Garrett

Minister for the Environment, Heritage
& the Arts of Australia, Sydney Australia
54
4 Dec. 2009 Phil Goff

Leader of New Zealand Opposition,
Auckland New Zealand
19 Dec. 2009 Mallikarjun Kharge

Minister of Labor & Employment
of India, Gulbarg India
18 Feb. 2010 Hillary Clinton

18 Feb. 2010 Barack Obama

6 April 2010 Janaz Jansa

Former Prime Minister of Slovenia, Maribor Slovenia
7 April 2010 Dr. Bostjan Zeks

Minister for Slovenia Abroad, Maribor Slovenia
8 April 2010 Pascale Bruderer Wyss

Speaker of the Swiss Parliament, Zurich Switzerland
55
Kalachakra Initiations by

Date Place Audience

1. May 1954 Norbulingka, Lhasa, Tibet 1,00,000

2. April 1956 Norbulingka, Lhasa, Tibet 1,00,000

3. March 1970 Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh, India 30,000

4. Jan. 1971 Bylakuppe, Karnataka, India 10,000

5. Dec. 1974 Bodh Gaya, Bihar, India 1,00,000

6. Sept. 1976 Leh, Ladakh, India 40,000

7. July 1981 Madison, Wisconsin, USA 1,500

8. April 1983 Dirang, Arunachal Pradesh, India 5,000

9. Aug. 1983 Tabo/Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, India 10,000

10. July 1985 Rikon, Switzerland 6,000

11. Dec. 1985 Bodh Gaya, Bihar, India 2,00,000

12. July 1988 Zanskar, Jammu & Kashmir, India 10,000

13. July 1989 Los Angeles, USA 3,300

14. Dec. 1990 Sarnath, Uttar Pradesh, India 1,30,000

15. Oct. 1991 New York, USA 3,000

16. Aug. 1992 Kalpa/Kinnaur, HP, India 20,000
56
17. April 1993 Gangtok, Sikkim, India 1,00,000

18. July 1994 Jispa/Keylong, HP, India 30,000

19. Dec. 1994 Barcelona, Spain 3,000

20. Jan. 1995 Mundgod, Karnataka, India 50,000

21. Aug. 1995 Ulan Bator, Mongolia 30,000

22. June 1996 Tabo/Spiti, HP, India 20,000

23. Sept. 1996 Sydney, Australia 3,000

24. Dec. 1996 Salugara, West Bengal, India 2,00,000

25. Aug. 1999 Bloomington, Indiana, USA 4,000

26. Aug. 2000 Kyi/Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, India 25,000

27. Oct. 2002 Graz, Austria 10,000

28. Jan. 2003 Bodh Gaya, Bihar, India 2,00,000

29. April 2004 Toronto, Canada 8,000

30. Jan. 2006 Amarvati, Andhra Pradesh, India 1,00,000
57
List Of Awards And Honorary Conferments

Presented to His Holiness The Dalai Lama
Year Award/Honour Awarded By Country
1957 Doctor of Letters Benaras Hindu India

University
31 Aug. 1959 Ramon Magaysay Ramon Magaysay Philippines

Award for Committee
Community
Leadership
16 Sept. 1959 The Admiral International USA

Richard E. Byrd Rescue Committee
Memorial
23 Jan. 1969 Lincoln Award Research Institute USA

of America
1969 Lakett Award Norwegian Norway

Refugee Council
17 June 1979 Special Medal Asian Buddhist Mongolia

Council for Peace
17 Sept. 1979 Doctor of Carol College, USA

Divinity Waukesh
27 Sept. 1979 Doctor of University of USA

Buddhist Oriental Studies
Philosophy
4 Oct. 1979 Doctor of The Seattle USA

Humanities University, Seattle
19 Oct. 1979 Liberty Torch Gilbert Di Luchia USA

Friends of Tibet
16 Jan. 1984 Doctor Degree University of Paris France
28 Sept. 1987 Albert Schweitzer Human Behavior USA

Humanitarian Foundation
Award
58
16 June 1988 Leopold Lucas West Germany

Award
21 June 1989 Raoul Wallenberg Human Rights USA

Congressional Foundation
Human Rights
23 Sept. 1989 Recognition of World USA

Perseverance of Management
Times of Council
Adversity
4 Dec. 1989 Le Prixa De Foundation France

Lamemboire Danielle
Mitterrand
10 Dec. 1989 The Nobel Peace Norwegian Nobel Norway

Prize Committee
14 Jan. 1990 Doctor of Central Institute India

Divinity for Higher Tibetan
Studies, Sarnath
8 Dec. 1990 Doctor Honoris Karnatak India

Causa University
25 March 1991 Shiromani Shiromani India

Award 1991 Institute, Delhi
6 April 1991 Distinguished Nuclear Age Peace USA

Peace Leadership Foundation
Award 91
17 April 1991 Advancing Human Freedom House, USA

Liberty Award New York
3 Aug. 1991 Peace and Unity National Peace India

Award Conference, Delhi
10 Oct. 1991 United Earth Prize Klaus Nobel USA

United Earth, NY
10 Oct. 1991 Wheel of Life Temple of USA

Award Understanding,
New York
59
16 Feb. 1992 Doctor of Sacred Lafayette USA

Philosophy University, Aurora
25 March 1992 Shiromani Award Shiromani India

Institute,
New Delhi
5 May 1992 Doctor of Laws University of Australia

Melbourne,
Melbourne
6 June 1992 Doctor Honoris University of Rio Brazil

Causa de Janeiro, Rio
11 Sept. 1992 Honorary Kalmyk State Russian Federation

Professor University,
Kalmykia
17 Sept. 1992 Honorary Novosibirsk State Russian Federation

Professor University, Buriat
14 March 1993 International The Freedom Australia

Valiant for Coalition,
Freedom Award Melbourne
20 March 1994 Fellow of Hebrew Israel

University University,
Jerusalem
25 April 1994 Doctor of Berea College, USA

Humane Letters Berea
26 April 1994 Doctor of Hu- Columbia USA

mane Arts University,
& Letters New York
27 April 1994 World

Security Annual New York USA
Peace Award Lawyers’ Alliance
4 June 1994 Franklin D.

Roosevelt Franklin & USA
Freedom Medal Eleanor Roosevelt
Institute
60
2 January 1995 Doctor of Letters Nagpur University, India
5 April 1995 Doctor of Rissho University, Japan

Buddhist Tokyo
Philosophy
26 July 1996 The President’s Indiana University, USA

Medal for Bloomington
Excellence
23 March 1997 Doctor Honoris Chu San Taiwan

Causa University,
Kaohsiung
23 March 1997 Doctor of Social National Sun Taiwan

Sciences Yat-sen University
31 May 1997 Doctor Honoris University of USA

Causa Colorado, Boulder
1 June 1997 Doctor Honoris Regis University, USA

Causa Denver
11 Sept. 1997 Doctor of University of Italy

International Trieste, Trieste
Diplomatic
Science
25 Nov. 1997 Paulos Mar Paulos Mar India

Gregorious Award Gregorious
Committee
5 May 1998 Juliet Hollister Juliet Hollister USA

Award Foundation, NY
8 May 1998 Doctor of Brandeis USA

Humane Letters University, Boston
11 May 1998 Doctor of Divinity Emory University, USA

Atlanta
15 May 1998 Doctor of Laws University of Wis- USA

consin, Madison
11 Nov. 1998 Doctor Honoris Seton Hill College, USA

Causa Greensburg
61
7 April 1999 Doctor Honoris University of Bra- Brazil

Causa silia, Brasilia
9 April 1999 Doctor Honoris University of Argentina

Causa Buenos Aires
16 April 1999 Doctor of Florida Intnl. USA

Theology University
12 October 1999 Bodhi Award American Bud- USA

dhist Congress
24 Nov. 1999 Life Time Hadassah USA

Achievement Women’s Zionist
Award Organisation
of America
12 December 1999 Diwaliben Mohan- Diwaliben India

lal Mehta Award Mohanlal Mehta
for International Charitable Trust
Peace & Harmony
16 October 2000 Doctor Honoris Comenius Slovakia

Causa University,
Bratislava
10 June 2001 Ecce Homo Order Kancelaria Poland

Kapituly Orderu
26 Nov. 2001 Doctor Honoris University Portugal

Causa Lusiada Porto
5 Dec. 2001 Doctor Honoris University of Norway

Causa Tromso
21 May 2002 Peace Award 2000 UN Association Australia

of Australia
6 July 2002 Man of the Year Croatian Croatia

Academic Society
14 October 2002 Human Rights University of Graz Austria

Prize
7 November 2002 Doctor Honoris National Univer- Mongolia

Causa sity of Mongolia
62
7 Nov. 2002 Doctor Honoris Mongolian Uni- Mongolia

Causa versity of Science
& Technology
5 Dec. 2002 Basavashree Basavakendra, Sri India

Award Murugha Math,
Chitradurga
3 June 2003 Manfred Sigtuna Founda- Sweden

Bjorkquist Medal tion, Stockholm
5 Sept. 2003 Doctor Honoris University of San USA

Causa Francisco
19 Sept. 2003 Human Rights International USA

Award League for Human
Rights, New York
9 October 2003 Award for Foundation of Spain

Promotion of Jaime Brunet,
Human Rights Madrid
16 April 2004 2nd Citizens Peace University of Cali- USA

Building Award fornia, Irvine
19 April 2004 Doctor Honoris University of Canada

Causa British Columbia,
Vancouver
20 April 2004 Doctor Honoris Simon Fraser Canada

Causa University,
Vancouver
27 April 2004 Doctor Honoris University of Canada

Causa Toronto
27 April 2004 International University of Canada

Acharya Sushil Toronto
Kumar
Peace Award
28 May 2004 Humphreys Buddhist Society UK

Memorial Award of UK, London
for Services to
Buddhism
63
18 Sept. 2004 Doctor Honoris Nova Southeastern USA

Causa University, Miami
23 Sept. 2004 Doctor Honoris University of USA

Causa Miami, Miami
24 Sept. 2004 Doctor Honoris University of Puerto Rico

Causa Puerto Rico,
San Juan
27 Sept. 2004 Doctor Honoris University of Costa Rica

Causa Costa Rica,
San Jose
5 Oct. 2004 The Gold Medal National Univer- Mexico

sity of Mexico,
Mexico City
7 Oct. 2004 Doctor Honoris Universidad Mexico

Causa Iberoamericana,
Mexico City
27 July 2005 Hessian Peace Parliament of Germany

Prize Hesse, Wiesbaden
12 August 2005 Manhae Peace Manhae South Korea

Prize Foundation
25 August 2005 Doctor Honoris Rutgers University, USA

Causa New Jersey
6 November 2005 Inspiration & American Hima- USA

Compassion layan Foundation,
Award San Francisco
16 February 2006 Ben Gurion BenGurion Uni- Israel

Negev Award versity, Be’er Sheva
4 May 2006 Doctor Honoris University of Chile

Causa Santiago
9 September 2006 Honorary Canada Canada

Citizenship
19 Sept. 2006 Doctor Honoris University of USA

Causa Buffalo, NY
64
14 Oct. 2006 Doctor Honoris University of Italy

Causa Rome, Rome
10 Dec. 2006 Order of the Republic of Russian Federation

White Lotus Kalmykia

9 May 2007 Doctor Honoris Smith College, USA
Causa Northampton
12 May 2007 BILD Award BILD Magazine Germany
8 June 2007 Doctor Honoris Southern Cross Australia

Causa University,
Melbourne
20 Sept. 2007 Doctor Honoris University of Germany

Causa Muenster
8 Oct. 2007 Ahimsa Award Institute of UK

Jainology, London
17 Oct. 2007 US Congressional US Congress, USA

Gold Medal Washington DC
22 Oct. 2007 Presidential Emory University, USA

Distinguished Atlanta
Professor
14 April 2008 Doctor Honoris University of USA

Causa Washington,
Seattle
13 July 2008 Doctor Honoris Lehigh University, USA

Causa Bethlehem
25 July 2008 Global Leadership Aspen Institute, USA

Award Aspen
8 Dec. 2008 Doctor Honoris Jagiellonian Uni- Poland

Causa versity, Krakow
9 Feb. 2009 Honorary City of Rome Italy

Citizenship
10 February 2009 Honorary City of Venice Italy

Citizenship
65
10 Feb. 2009 German Media Editors of Germany

Prize Germany, Baden
7 June 2009 Honorary City of Paris France

Citizenship
29 July 2009 Honorary City of Warsaw Poland

Citizenship
3 August 2009 Doctor Honoris University of Mar- Germany

Causa burg, Marburg
23 Sept. 2009 International National Civil USA

Freedom Award Rights Museum,
Memphis
27 Sept. 2009 Prize for Love and Fetzer Institute, USA

Forgiveness Kalamazoo
30 Sept. 2009 Doctor Honoris University of Canada

Causa Calgary
19 Feb. 2010 Democracy National USA

Service Medal Endowment for
Democracy,
Washington DC
23 Feb. 2010 Baccalaureate Broward College, USA

Honoris Causa Davie
18 March 2010 Nirmala Gandhi Ashram India

Deshpande Reconstruction
Memorial Award Trust
for Peace and
Global Harmony
18 May 2010 Doctor Honoris University of USA

Causa Northern Iowa,
Cedar Falls
23 May 2010 President’s Medal Hunter College, USA

New York
66

67
Foreign Visits of
Year Country Date
1954 China 5.9 - 29.6 (1955)
1956 India 12.11 - 1.4 (1957)
1959 India 30.3
1967 Japan 25.9 - 10.10

Thailand 10 - 19.11
1972 Thailand 22.1 - 5.2
1973 Italy 29.9 - 1.10

Switzerland 1 - 7.10
The Netherlands 7 - 9.10
Belgium 9.10
Ireland 9 -10.10
Norway 10 - 13.10
Sweden 13 - 17.10
Denmark 17- 20.10
UK 20 - 30.10
West Germany 30.10 - 5.11
Austria 5 - 6.11
1974 Switzerland 7 - 28.9
1978 Japan 4 - 6.9
1979 USSR
Moscow 12 - 13.6
Buryat 13 - 15.6
Mongolia 15 - 18.6
68
1979 Switzerland 12.7 - 2.8

Greece 2 - 7.8
Switzerland 7.8 - 3.9
USA 3.9 - 21.10
1980 Italy 8 - 10.10

Canada 10 - 27.10
USA 27 - 30.10
Japan 31.10 - 18.11
1981 UK 1 - 4.7
USA 4.7 - 13.8
1982 Malaysia 27 - 29.7

Singapore 29.7 - 1.8
Indonesia 1- 7.8
Australia 8 - 21.8
USSR 11- 13.9
Mongolia 14 - 23.9
Hungary 26 - 27.9
Italy 27- 28.9
Spain 28.9 - 4.10
France 4 - 16.10
Italy 16 - 25.10
West Germany 25.10 - 4.11

Austria 3 - 8.9
West Germany 16 - 18.9
Turkey 18 - 19.9
1984 Japan 1 - 17.5

UK 22.6 - 14.7
USA 16.10 - 3.11
69
1986 West Germany 4 - 11.5

Austria 11- 14.5
France 21.5 - 1.6
USSR 28.8 - 14.9
Italy 25 - 30.10
1987 Switzerland 14 - 16.9

USA 18 - 30.9
1988 UK 2 - 16.4
Italy 12 - 14.6
France 14 - 16.6
Finland 28.9 - 1.10
Denmark 1 - 5.10
Norway 5 - 9.10
Sweden 9 - 13.10
1989 West Germany 14 - 17.4

France 17 - 27.4
USA 23 - 25.6
Costa Rica 25 - 30.6
Mexico 30.6 - 3.7
USA 3 - 21.7
UK 21- 22.9
USA 22.9 - 15.10
France 3 - 5.12
Germany 5 - 9.12
Norway 9 - 16.12
1990 Czechoslovakia 2 - 6.2

Belgium 20 - 30.4
70
Italy 23.5 - 3.6

Spain 3 - 7.6
Sweden 11 - 14.6
Norway 14 - 15.6
Denmark 15 - 16.6
Spain 5 - 7.9
UK 11.9
USA 11 - 26.9
Canada 26.9 - 2.10
Germany 3 - 6.10
France 6 - 8.10
1991 UK 17 - 22.3
Ireland 22 - 23.3
USA 23.3 - 19.4
Russia 10 - 13.7
Buryat 14 - 24.7
Russia 24 - 25.7
Kalmykia 25 - 30.7
Liechtenstein 16 - 18.8
France 20 - 29.8
Italy 29 - 31.8
Austria 31.8 - 4.9
Germany 4.9
Russia 25 - 26.9
Mongolia 26 - 29.9
Lithuania 29.9 - 2.10
Latvia 2.10
Estonia 2 - 4.10
Bulgaria 4 - 5.10
Germany 5 - 8.10
USA 8 - 24.10
Italy 25.10
71
UK 29.11 - 3.12
Sweden 3 - 6.12
Norway 6 - 9.12
1992 Indonesia 31.3 - 6.4

Australia 27.4 - 13.5
New Zealand 13 - 19.5
Brazil 4 - 11.6
Argentina 11 - 16.6
Chile 16 - 20.6
Venezuela 20 - 24.6
Hungary 20 - 25.7
Austria 25 - 26.7
Russia 13 - 14.9
Kalmyk 14 - 18.9
Tuva 19 - 22.9
Buryat 22 - 25.9
Russia 25 - 26.9
1993 Thailand 15 - 20.2

USA 25.4 - 1.5
UK 1 - 16.5
Poland 16 - 20.5
Hungary 20 - 21.5
Germany 10 - 13.6
Austria 13 - 16.6
Hungary 16 - 18.6
Canada 20 - 27.6
USA 27 - 29.6
Switzerland 31.8 - 2.9
USA 2 - 20.9
Gabon 22 - 24.9
Germany 23 - 24.10
France 24.10 - 1.11
UK 1.11
France 1 - 16.11
72
1994 Israel 19 - 26.3

Japan 14.4
USA 14 - 28.4
Germany 28.4 - 1.5
Russian 18 - 22.5
Belgium 7 - 10.6
Italy 12 - 17.6
USA 2 - 3.7
Nicaragua 3 - 5.7
Mongolia 6 - 11.9
England 11 - 18.9
France 18 - 20.9
Norway 6 - 9.10
France 5 - 7.12
Spain 7 - 19.12
1995 Japan 29.3 - 4.4

Germany 2 - 9.5
Germany 18 - 20.6
Austria 25 - 28.6
Russia 29 - 30.7
Mongolia 31.7 - 13.8
Russia 13.8
Germany 31.8 - 3.9
USA 3 - 14.9
Trinidad and Tobago 14 - 17.9
1996 Denmark 12 - 16.5

Italy 16 - 21.5
Sweden 21 - 27.5
Norway 27 - 29.5
Germany 13 - 15.6
73
UK 15 - 21.7
USA 21.7 - 2.8
South Africa 17 - 27.8
Australia 14 - 30.9
France 23 - 25.10
Germany 25 - 27.10
Hungary 27 - 28.10
France 28 - 31.10
Taiwan 22 - 27.3
1997 Spain 13 - 16.4

France 16 - 21.4
USA 21 - 25.4
France 25.4 - 1.5
USA 23.5 - 12.6
Sweden 13 - 15.6
Czech Republic 3 - 8.9
Italy 8 - 12.9
1998 Japan 3 - 12.4

USA 28.4 - 19.5
Germany 5 - 9.6
Austria 9 - 12.6
France 15 - 17.6
Austria 17 - 19.6
Finland 19 - 21.6
Germany 25.10 - 4.11
USA 4 - 13.11
France 6 - 11.12
Germany 3.4
Brazil 4 - 7.4
Argentina 7 - 11.4
Chile 11 - 15.4
USA 16 - 17.4
74
1999 Belgium 4 - 7.5

UK 7 - 13.5
Italy 13 - 16.5
Israel 12 - 15.6
Germany 15 - 23.6
USA 11 - 28.8
Japan 10.10
USA 10 - 14.10
Italy 19 - 29.10
Israel 20 - 25.11
2000 South Africa 4 - 10.12

Japan 13 - 20.4
Poland 10 - 13.5
Germany 13 - 15.5
Sweden 15 - 18.5
Denmark 18 - 21.5
Norway 21 - 24.5
2000 Italy 4 - 8.6

USA 19.6 - 3.7
France 17 - 29.9
Hungary 11 - 14.10
Slovakia 14 - 16.10
UK 19 - 22.10
Taiwan 31.3 - 9.4
Switzerland 5 - 7.5
USA 7 - 28.5
Latvia 21 - 23.6
Lithuania 23 - 27.6
Italy 27.6 - 2.7
2001 France 22 - 25.10

Portugal 24 - 29.11
75
Italy 29.11 - 4.12

Norway 4 - 9.12
2002 Australia 18 - 27.5

Czech Republic 29.6 - 4.7
Slovenia 4 - 6.7
Croatia 6 - 9.7
Germany 9 - 11.10
Austria 11 - 24.10
Japan 4.11
Mongolia 4 - 8.11
Japan 8 - 9.11
2003 Germany 28.5 - 2.6

Sweden 2 - 4.6
Denmark 4 - 10.6
Japan 4.9
USA 4 - 24.9
Spain 7 - 10.10
France 10 - 17.10
Germany 17 - 18.10
Japan 30.10 - 12.11
Italy 25 - 29.11
2004 Japan 12.4

USA 12 - 17.4
Canada 17.4 - 6.5
France 7 - 9.5
UK 26.5 - 4.6
Italy 4 - 7.6
USA 17 - 23.9
Puerto Rico 23 - 25.9
Costa Rica 26 - 29.9
76
El Salvador 29.9 - 1.10

Guatemala 1 - 3.10
Mexico 3 - 8.10
South Africa 3 - 9/11
Kalmyk 29.11 - 1.12
2005 Japan 8 - 19.4

Jordan 17 - 21.5
Luxembourg 10 . 11.6
Sweden 11 - 14.6
Norway 14 - 16.6
Germany 16 - 18.6
Germany 26 - 29.7
Italy 29.7 - 2.8
USA 9 - 27.9
Japan 3.11
USA 3 - 17.11
UK 18 - 23.11
2006 Israel 15 - 19.2

Japan 14.4
USA 14 - 25.4
Brazil 26 - 30.4
Argentina 30.4 - 3.5
Chile 3 - 7.5
Peru 7 - 10.5
Colombia 10 - 12.5
Austria 13 - 15.5
Belgium 29.5 - 6.6
Jordan 19 - 22.6
Japan 21.8
Mongolia 21 - 28.8
Japan 28 - 29.8
Japan 7.9
Canada 7 - 11.9
77
USA 11 - 28.9
Finland 29.9 - 2.10
Italy 12 - 15.10
Japan 30.10 - 12.11
2007 Japan 23.4

USA 23.4 - 10.5
Germany 11 - 13.5
Australia 5 - 16.6
Australia 19 - 20.6
UK 17 - 19.7
Germany 19 - 29.7
Spain 9 - 12.9
Portugal 12 - 17.9
Austria 17 - 20.9
Germany 20 - 24.9
USA 8 - 28.10
Canada 28.10 - 1.11
UK 1 - 2.11
Japan 15 - 23.11
Italy 5 - 17.12
2008 Japan 10.4

USA 10 - 24.4
Germany 15 - 20.5
UK 20 - 31.5
Australia 11 - 16.6
Jordan 17 - 19.6
USA 10 - 26.7
France 11 - 23.8
Japan 31.10 - 7.11
Nigeria 26 - 28.11
Czech Republic 29.11 - 2.12
Belgium 2 - 5.12
Poland 5 - 12.12
78
2009 Italy 8 - 10.2

Germany 10 - 11.2
Japan 21 - 22.4
USA 22.4 - 7.5
Denmark 29 - 31.5
Iceland 31.5 - 3.6
France 6 - 8.6
Poland 27 - 29.7
Germany 29.7 - 3.8
Switzerland 3 - 7.8
Taiwan 30.8 - 4.9
Slovakia 8 - 10.9
USA 22 - 26.9
Canada 26.9 - 4.10
USA 4 - 11.10
Japan 30.10 - 7.11
Italy 16 - 19.11
Australia 30.11 - 4.12
Australia 7 - 11.12
2010 USA 17 - 24.2

Germany 25 - 26.2
Slovenia 5 - 7.4
Germany 10 - 11.5
USA 11 - 24.5
79
80
81
Central Tibetan Administration Of

Background
In 1949 the occupying People’s Liberation Army of China marched into

Tibet’s eastern provinces of Kham and Amdo, seizing control over the
eastern Tibetan headquarter in Chamdo the following year. In 1951, the
so-called 17-Point Agreement on Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet
was forced upon the Tibetan Government and people. The Chinese
army then advanced further west and eventually crushed the Tibetan
National Uprising of Lhasa in 1959. This forced His Holiness the Dalai
Lama and some 80,000 Tibetans to escape into exile in India, Nepal
and Bhutan. The influx of refugees continues even today. Currently, the
exile Tibetan population is over 150,000, out of which about 100,000 of
them live in India.
On 29 April 1959, His Holiness the Dalai Lama established the Central
Tibetan Administration (CTA) in the north Indian hill station of
Mussoorie. This is the continuation of the government of independent
Tibet. In May 1960, the CTA was moved to Dharamsala.
The Tibetan people, both in and outside Tibet, look to the exile
administration as their sole and legitimate representative. Because of
this fact and the administration’s commitment to truth, non-violence
and genuine democracy and freedom as its inviolable principles, an
increasing number of parliaments and general public around the world
recognize the CTA as the legitimate and true representative of the
Tibetan people.
Right from its inception, the CTA has set itself the twin task of
rehabilitating Tibetan refugees and restoring freedom for Tibet. The
rehabilitation includes three important programmes: a) promoting
education among the exile population; b) building a firm culture of
democracy; and c) paving the way for self-reliance so that the Tibetan
people are able to survive with self-esteem and confidence that flows
82
from not having to depend on external assistance.

The CTA’s experiment with modern democracy, in particular, is a
preparation for the reconstruction of Tibet when it regains its freedom.
As part of this exercise, a parliament, then named the Commission of
Tibetan People’s Deputies, was instituted on 2 September 1960. The
parliament gradually matured into a full-fledged legislative body, thus
coming to be known as the Assembly of the Tibetan People’s Deputies
(ATPD). Since 2006 it is called the Tibetan Parliament-in-Exile (TPiE).
In 1990 His Holiness the Dalai Lama announced further democratisation,

which increased the members of the Tibetan Parliament-in-Exile to 46.
The parliament was empowered to elect the members of the Kashag or
the Council of Ministers, which was made answerable to the parliament.
Similarly, the Tibetan judiciary, known as the Tibetan Supreme Justice
Commission, was instituted in 1992 under the provisions of the
Arbitration Act of the Government of India.
The newly empowered Tibetan parliament issued the exile Tibetan

constitution which came to be known as The Charter for Tibetans-in-Exile.
In 2001 the Tibetan parliament, on the advice of His Holiness the Dalai
Lama, amended the Charter to provide for direct election of the Kalon
Tripa (the highest executive authority) by the exile Tibetans. The Kalon
Tripa, in turn, would nominate the other Kalons (cabinet members), and
seeks the parliament’s approval for their appointment. The first directly-
elected Kalon Tripa — Samdhong Rinpoche — took the oath of office
on 5 September 2001. He was elected to the post of Kalon Tripa for the
second time in August 2006. In March 2011, the third election for the
Kalon Tripa took place.
Today, the CTA has all the departments and attributes of a free democratic
administration. It must be noted, though, that the CTA is not designed
to take power in Tibet when it regains its freedom. In his manifesto for
future Tibet, entitled the Guidelines for Future Tibet’s Polity and Basic Features
of its Constitution, His Holiness the Dalai Lama stated that the present
exile administration would be dissolved as soon as freedom is restored
in Tibet. The Tibetans currently residing in Tibet, His Holiness stated,
83
would head the government of free Tibet and not by the members of
the exile administration. His Holiness further stated that there would
be a transitional government in Tibet, which would be headed by an
Interim-President, elected or appointed by him. His Holiness would
transfer all his temporal power to this Interim-President, who in turn
would be required to hold a general election within two years and hand
over the power to the elected government.
Constitution
The Charter Tibetans-in-Exile
The Charter for Tibetans-in-Exile is the supreme law governing the functions
of the exile Tibetan administration. It was drafted by the Constitution
Redrafting Committee and referred to the Tibetan Parliament-in-Exile
for approval. The parliament adopted the Charter on 14 June 1991.
Based on the spirit of the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights,

the Charter guarantees equality for all Tibetans before the law and
ensures fundamental rights and freedom without discrimination on the
basis of sex, religion, race, language and social origin. It provides a clear
separation of power among the three organs of the administration:
judiciary, legislature and executive.
Before the Charter came into being, the Central Tibetan Administration
functioned roughly along the lines of the draft democratic constitution
for future Tibet, promulgated by His Holiness the Dalai Lama on
10 March 1963.
Judiciary
The Tibetan Supreme Justice Commission
The Tibetan Supreme Justice Commission is the highest judicial organ

of the exile administration. According to the Charter, the commission
84
is responsible for adjudicating all civil cases within the exile Tibetan
community. The commission, however, does not entertain any case if it
is seen to be in contravention of the laws of the host countries. Similarly
the commission does not handle criminal cases, as this is the preserve of
the host governments.
The Supreme Justice Commission comprises of the Chief Supreme

Justice Commissioner (CSJC) and two other Supreme Justice
Commissioners, all of whom are nominated by His Holiness the Dalai
Lama for final approval by the TPiE. Once approved by the TPiE, His
Holiness the Dalai Lama — by virtue of being the head of state —
makes their formal appointment. The CSJC holds office for five years,
or until he/she is 65 years old, whichever of the two comes earlier.
The other two commissioners hold office till the age of 65. However,
the parliament can initiate an impeachment resolution against them if
they lose its confidence before the expiry of term. All the three justice
commissioners have equal power and responsibility in adjudicating cases.
The CSJC has the added responsibility of serving as the administrative
head of the Commission.
The Judicial Code and Civil Procedures propose a three-tier judiciary

system, consisting of the Supreme Justice Commission at the apex,
followed by Circuit Justice Commissions (equivalent to a state-level high
court) and Local Justice Commissions (lowest-level court). Altogether,
62 Local Justice Commissions are planned to be set up to cover all
the major Tibetan settlements and scattered communities, as well as
five Circuit Justice Commissions to cover the six different zones into
which the Tibetan exile communities are divided. However due to
financial and other constraints, no Circuit Justice Commission has been
established so far. Moreover there are, as of now, only two full-fledged
Local Justice Commissions functioning: one in Bylakuppe covering
11 Tibetan communities in South India; and the other in Dehradun
covering 21 Tibetan communities in north India. There are, in addition,
15 such Local Justice Commissions where the respective local Tibetan
administrative heads are given the additional role of serving as the Local
Justice Commissioners.
85
Before filing a case in any of these justice commissions, the law requires
that the plaintiff and the defendant sign an agreement called the
Compliance Agreement which will serve as a guarantee on their part to
comply with the ruling made by the justice commission in accordance
with the established laws and regulations. The most important cases
heard by the Tibetan judiciary are those which the people may put
up against the administration. When His Holiness first suggested the
setting up of judiciary, he specifically pointed out that it should be able
to redress the people’s grievances against the administration.
The Supreme Justice Commission is serviced by the Justice Secretariat,

which provides secretarial and administrative services to it.
Legislature
Tibetan Parliament-in-Exile
Instituted in 1960, the Tibetan Parliament-in-Exile is the highest

legislative organ of the Tibetan refugee community. The creation of
this democratically-elected body was one of the major changes that His
Holiness the Dalai Lama has brought about in his efforts to introduce
a democratic system of administration. The parliament consists of
46 elected members. U-Tsang, Kham and Amdo, the three traditional
provinces of Tibet, elect ten members each with at least two women
candidates while the four schools of Tibetan Buddhism and the
traditional Bon faith elect two members each. Four members are elected
by Tibetans living in the West — two from Europe and two from North
America.
The Tibetan Parliament-in-Exile is headed by the Speaker and the

Deputy Speaker elected by the members from amongst themselves. Any
Tibetan who is 25 years and above has the right to contest elections to
the parliament. The elections are held every five years, and any Tibetan
who has reached the age of 18 is entitled to vote.
86
Sessions of the parliament are held twice every year, with an interval of
six months between the sessions. However, His Holiness the Dalai Lama
can summon special sessions of the parliament in the case of national
emergencies. When the parliament is not in session, there is a Standing
Committee of twelve members: two members from each province and
one member from each religious denomination.
As representatives of the people, the members of the parliament

undertake periodic tours of Tibetan communities to make an assessment
of their overall conditions. On their return from these trips, they bring
to the notice of the administration any specific grievances and matters
needing attention.
The Tibetan Parliament-in-Exile keeps in touch with people also through

the Local Assemblies established in 37 major Tibetan communities in
exile. The Charter provides for the establishment of a Local Assembly
in a community having a population of not less than 160. The Local
Assemblies are scaled-down replicas of the Tibetan Parliament-in-Exile.
They keep an eye on the activities of their respective local administrative
heads and also make laws for their respective communities according to
local needs. These laws must be practiced by respective local communities.
The Tibetan Parliament-in-Exile is serviced by the Parliamentary

Secretariat, which provides secretarial and administrative services to it.
Executive
The Kashag
The Kashag is the apex executive body of the Central Tibetan

Administration and its members are the Kalons (Ministers) of the exile
administration. The Charter for Tibetans-in-Exile stipulates that the Kashag
should have maximum of eight members, including the Kalon Tripa,
who is the executive head.
In April 2001, the Tibetan parliament, on the advice of His Holiness

87
the Dalai Lama, amended the Charter to provide for the direct election
of the Kalon Tripa by the exile Tibetans. The amendment provided for
two elections, primary and final, to elect the Kalon Tripa, who in turn
submits a list of Kalons to the parliament for approval.
The Kashag is serviced by the Kashag Secretariat, which manages

secretarial and administrative services. Under the secretariat is the Office
of the Planning Commission, which serves as a consultant in matters
relating to the socio-economic development. The Commission studies
project proposals and evaluates the execution of these proposals by
each department.
The primary aim of the Planning Commission is to institutionalise the

planning process within the Tibetan exile community by improving and
upgrading the quality of planned projects. The Commission brings out
the Five-Year Integrated Development Plan (IDP) and the Ten-Yearly
Demographic Survey of the exile community. It also plans to publish a
Perspective Development Plan for future Tibet (PDPT).
Major Departments under the Kashag
The Department of Religion and Culture
The Department of Religion and Culture seeks to preserve and promote

Tibet’s spiritual and cultural heritage, which is being annihilated by the
occupying Chinese authorities in Tibet.
Over the past four decades, the Tibetan community in exile has
established over 200 monasteries and nunneries with an enrolment of
over 20,000 monks and nuns. The Department gives back-up services
to these cultural institutions and maintains close contact with Buddhist
centres around the world.
In addition to the monasteries and nunneries, there are cultural centres

for the study of both spiritual and secular traditions of Tibet. While some
88
of these centres are autonomous bodies financed by the Government of

India, others are financed and administered directly by the Department
of Religion and Culture.
Some of the well-known cultural institutions in India are the Tibetan

Institute of Performing Arts (TIPA) in Dharamsala, Tibet House in
New Delhi, the Library of Tibetan Works and Archives (LTWA) in
Dharamsala, the Central University of Tibetan Studies (formerly Central
Institute for Higher Tibetan Studies) at Sarnath in Varanasi, and the
Norbulingka Institute for Tibetan Culture at Sidhpur near Dharamsala.
Department of Home
The Department of Home is responsible for all rehabilitation plans for

the Tibetans in exile. It looks after 15 agriculture-based and 13 handicraft-
based settlements, as well as 11 cluster units or scattered communities
in India. The Department also looks after 19 Tibetan settlements and
handicraft societies in Nepal and Bhutan.
The Department has a representative in almost all of these exile

communities, who may be local administrative heads. People at the grass-
roots level have the right to either elect their own local administrator
or request the Department to appoint one. The exile administration is
making concerted efforts to encourage people to elect their own leaders,
as this is essential to attain political maturity.
The Department works in close co-operation with the Government of

India and international organisations involved in helping Tibetans to
improve their livelihoods. Employment generation and promoting self-
reliance among the Tibetans has been the main task of the department
since it came into being.
The Department is working on a detailed plan to streamline the co-

operative societies to make them completely self-reliant. The co-
operatives presently depend on the Department for managerial,
personnel and financial assistance when they face the prospect of
89
bankruptcy. However, with the establishment of the Federation of

Tibetan Co-operatives Limited in India in April 2005, they may gradually
be able to make it an umbrella organisation that manages the Tibetan
co-operative societies independently of the exile administration.
Department of Finance
The Department of Finance oversees the exile administration’s expenses

and generates revenues. The main source of its income is the annual
voluntary contribution (dang-lang cha-ngul) from the exile Tibetans. Every
Tibetan living outside of Tibet makes an annual contribution of a
certain amount based on his/her age, work and the place of residence.
All salaried Tibetans contribute a prescribed percentage of their salary,
and those engaged in business contribute a fixed amount from their net
profit to the administration.
The department formulates the annual budget of the exile administration

and submits the plan to the parliament for its study and approval.
The 25 business enterprises under this department used to generate

a fair amount of income to supplement the revenue generated from
voluntary contributions. All of these businesses were either closed
down or privatized under the Kashag headed by Kalon Tripa Samdhong
Rinpoche. The new thinking by the Kashag is that it is improper for the
exile administration based on the spiritual value of right livelihood to
engage in profit-making ventures.
Department of Education
The Department of Education oversees 80 schools in India, Nepal and

Bhutan serving around 30,000 children, which is more than 70 percent
of the total school-going children in exile. About 20 percent of exile
Tibetan children go to non-Tibetan schools.
Twenty-eight of the 80 schools operate directly under, and are funded by
the Central Tibetan Schools Administration (CTSA) of the Government
of India and 16 by the Sambhota Tibetan Schools Administration
(STSA) of the Department of Education.
90
The Tibetan Children’s Village (TCV) in Dharamsala, the Tibetan

Homes Foundation (THF) in Mussoorie and the Snow Lion Foundation
(SLF) in Nepal are autonomous bodies or institutions under the
Department of Education. These autonomous institutions look after 32
schools. Seventeen are under TCV with over 17,000 students; the THF
manages two schools with over 2,000 students; and the SLF oversees
13 schools with over 3,000 students. There are four more schools run
independently by the exile Tibetan, one each in Srinagar and Delhi, and
two in Dehradun.
The Department of Education has a major child sponsorship scheme,

which receives funds from individuals and organisations from around
the world. Under this programme, the Department provides scholarship
for higher studies to deserving school graduates. It also has a number
of other scholarship programmes for both under-graduate and post-
graduate studies in India and abroad.
All the schools under the Department carry out The Basic Education
Policy of the exile administration — adopted by the Tibetan Parliament-
in-Exile in September 2004. The policy aims to instil children with a
sense of responsibility for the happiness of others. The new system
combines modern teaching skills with the warm-hearted motivation of
traditional spiritual values.
Department fo Security
The primary responsibility of this Department is to ensure the security

of His Holiness the Dalai Lama. The Department has a Branch
Security Office in McLeod Ganj, which arranges public audiences with
His Holiness and helps Tibetan refugees in applying for, and seeking
renewal of, their refugee registration certificates from the Government
of India. The Department has a research unit called the Research and
Analysis Centre, which monitors the political and other developments in
occupied Tibet and China.
The Department also oversees its Reception Centres in Dharamsala,

Kathmandu and Delhi to look after new refugees arriving from Tibet.
91
The refugees usually escape first into Nepal, from where they are send
to Delhi and eventually to Dharamsala. All the reception centres provide
food, lodging and travelling expenses, as well as guides-cum-interpreters
to new refugees. The centres help the new refugees to find employment,
join schools and monasteries or start small business enterprises in exile.
The Department of Information and International Relations
The Department of Information and International Relations (DIIR)

educates the Tibetans and international communities about the political,
human rights and environmental situation in occupied Tibet. The
Department publishes books and provides information on Tibet in
print, online and multi-media. The periodicals are being published in
three languages: Tibetan, English and Chinese.
The DIIR serves as a protocol office for the exile administration and
liaises with the international media and Tibet Support Group networks
throughout the world.
All 12 foreign missions of the exile administration fall under this

department. These offices of Tibet function as the official bureaus of
the CTA and are based in New Delhi, Kathmandu, Geneva, New York,
Tokyo, London, Moscow, Brussels, Canberra, Pretoria and Taipei.
The Narthang Press and Tibetan Computer Resource Centre (TCRC)

also function under the direct supervision of the DIIR. While the
Narthang Press handles the printing responsibilities of the CTA, the
TCRC provides computer and Internet services to all the departments
of the exile Tibetan administration.
Department of Health
The Department of Health runs seven referral hospitals, four Primary

Health Care (PHC) centres and 43 clinics or dispensaries to provide
health care services to the Tibetan communities in India and Nepal.
The department meets the cost of emergency health care service and
92
treatment of new refugees and other needy Tibetans.

The Tibetan Medical and Astrological Institute (TMAI) — or Men-Tsee-
Khang as it is known in Tibetan — in Dharamsala is an autonomous
body under the auspices of the Department of Health. The Tibetan
Medical and Astrological Institute has 50 branch clinics in various
parts of India and Nepal to provide traditional Tibetan medical care to
Tibetans and the local population.
Institutional Bodies
Election Commission
The power and functions of the Election Commission are to conduct

and oversee the elections of all those specified in the Charter, including
the members of the Tibetan Parliament-in-Exile, its Speaker and
Deputy Speaker as well as the Kalon Tripa. If the CTA decides to call a
referendum to get people’s verdict on a matter of extreme importance,
it will fall upon the Election Commission to conduct such a referendum.
Although the local administrative heads of most Tibetan communities
are appointed by the CTA, people have the right to elect them if they so
wish. In which case the Election Commission will conduct the election
of local administrators as well.
In order to ensure the independence of the Election Commission,

the Charter provides for the direct appointment of the Chief Election
Commissioner by His Holiness the Dalai Lama. During the general
elections of the Kalon Tripa and the members of the Tibetan Parliament-
in-Exile, His Holiness would appoint two additional commissioners.
The Chief Election Commissioner holds office for a term of five years,
or until he/she reaches the age of 65, whichever comes first.
Public Service Commission
The Public Service Commission is responsible for recruitment, training,

appointment and promotion of the civil servants of the CTA. The
93
Commission comprises of a Chair and two to four other members, all

of whom are directly appointed by His Holiness the Dalai Lama.
The Chair and other members of the commission hold office for a five-
year term or until they reach the age of 65, whichever comes first.
Office of the Auditor General
The Office of the Auditor General is responsible for auditing the

accounts of all the CTA departments and its subsidiaries. It also audits
the accounts of most of the public institutions like co-operatives,
trading concerns, educational and cultural institutions, hospitals, health
centres and so on. The Office of the Auditor General also evaluates the
efficiency, propriety and management performance. In short, this office
functions as a financial watchdog on the CTA. The Tibetan Parliament-
in-Exile takes different branches of the CTA to task on the basis of
audit reports.
The Office of the Auditor General is headed by an Auditor General,

who is directly appointed by His Holiness for a term of ten years or until
he/she reaches the age of 65, whichever comes first.

Dalai Lama Biography

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1

The Department of Information and International Relations

His Holiness the Fourteenth Dalai Lama

Dalai Lama is a Mongolian title meaning “Ocean of Wisdom”, and the

His Holiness began his monastic education at the age of six. At 23 he

occupying Chinese troops brutally suppressed the Tibetan national

In 1963 His Holiness the Dalai Lama presented a draft democratic

The new democratic constitution promulgated as a result of this

Though China has not responded positively to the various peace

The Five-Point Peace Plan

On 21 September 1987, His Holiness addressed members of the US

3. Respect for the Tibetan people’s fundamental human rights and

His Holiness consistently advocates policies of non-violence, even in

His Holiness often likes to describe himself as a “simple Buddhist

Some Books in English Authored by

2. The Opening of the Wisdom Eye, The Theosophical Publishing

4. Universal Responsibility and the Good Heart, Library of Tibetan

5. Advice from Buddha Shakyamuni, Library of Tibetan Works and

6. Deity Yoga, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca, 1981

7. Collected Statements, Interviews and Articles of His Holiness the Dalai

8. Four Essential Buddhist Commentaries, Library of Tibetan Works

9. A Human Approach to World Peace, Wisdom Publications,

10. Kindness, Clarity and Insight, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca,

11. Kalachakra Tantra Rite of Initiation, Wisdom Publications,

12. Opening of the Eye of New Awareness, Wisdom Publications,

14. Tantra in Tibet, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca, 1987

15. The Bodhgaya Interviews, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca, 1988

17. Transcendent Wisdom, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca, 1988

19. Ocean Of Wisdom, Clear Light Publications, New Mexico, 1989

21. The Meaning of Life, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca, 1990

22. My Tibet, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1990

24. Policy of Kindness, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca, 1990

25. Compassion and the Individual, Wisdom Publications, Boston,

26. Cultivating a Daily Meditation, Library of Tibetan Works and

27. Freedom in Exile, Harpercollins, New York, 1991

28. Mind Science: An East-West Dialogue, Wisdom Publications,

29. Path to Bliss, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca, 1991

31. Worlds in Harmony:Dialogues on Compassionate Action, Parallax

32. The Meaning of Life from a Buddhist Perspective, Wisdom

33. Words of Truth, Wisdom Publications, Boston, 1993

34. Generous Wisdom: Commentaries on the Jatakamala, Library of

35. A Flash of Lightning in the Dark of Night, Shambala Publications,

37. Commentary on the Thirty Seven Practices of a Bodhisattva, Library of

38. Dialogues on Universal Responsibility and Education, Library of

39. Dimensions of Spirituality, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca, 1995

40. Essential Teachings, North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 1995

42. The Path to Enlightenment, Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca, 1995

43. The Power of Compassion, HarperCollins, New Delhi, 1995

44. The Spirit of Tibet: Universal Heritage — Selected Speeches and

45. Violence and Compassion/Power of Buddhism, Doubleday, New

46. The Way to Freedom, HarperCollins, New Delhi, 1995

47. The World of Tibetan Buddhism, Wisdom Publications, Boston,

48. Beyond Dogma, Souvenir Press Ltd., London, 1996

49. The Good Heart: A Buddhist Perspective on the Teachings of Jesus,

50. The Gelug/Kagyu Tradition of Mahamudra, Snow Lion

51. Healing Anger: The Power of Patience from a Buddhist Perspective,

52. The Heart of Compassion, Foundation for Universal

54. Love, Kindness and Universal Responsibility, Paljor Publications,

55. Sleeping, Dreaming and Dying, Wisdom Publications., Boston,

57. The Four Noble Truths, Thorsons, London, 1997

58. The Art of Happiness, Riverhead Books, New York, 1998

59. The Path to Tranquillity: Daily Meditations, Penguin Books, New

61. Spiritual Advice for Buddhists and Christians, The Continuum