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Criminal law is a normative legal act adopted by the highest body of state power that

establishes the criminality and guiltiness of an act, the system, and types of

punishment, the grounds, and conditions for bringing to criminal responsibility, as

well as the grounds for exemption from criminal liability and punishment. Law,

however, is more than a mere body of norms. This is the will, the desire of society to

regulate relations between people in a certain way, it is the sum of all the interests of

individuals, their groups. Accordingly, the subject of criminal law is public relations

about what constitutes a crime and what measures of responsibility to establish for

their commission. At the same time, criminal law not only reflects the existing order

of relationships in society. It has a great potential for influencing public consciousness

and is capable of forming advanced forms of social relations, or vice versa,

contributing to the conservation of old ones.

In case 1, the first accused is charged with arson. After a car accident, the couple, who

have lived together for about 10 months, breaks up, and Ramsay sets fire to fire near

the house of Nalan, his girlfriend's new boyfriend. In this situation, Ramsay can use a

mitigating situation in relation to circumstances during the crime, such as stress or

emotional problems, because after Sansa broke off relations with Ramsay, who was

confined to a wheelchair, for the sake of her best friend Nalan, he develops depression

and insomnia. This caused Ramsay to burn Nalan's mailbox. The fire began to change

and moved to the apartment. Schedule 21 (8) of the Punishment Act 2020 mentions:

“A detailed consideration of aggravating or mitigating circumstances may result in a

minimum period of any length (regardless of starting point) or the imposition of a life

order1”. Due to the fire, Sansa inhaled the gas and lost consciousness, and a

firefighter, trying to save her, dropped her twice, resulting in Sansa's death from a
1
Sentencing Act 2020, sch 21.

1
severe concussion. The second accused, who was Sansa's boyfriend, after learning

about the death of a loved one, stabs Ramsay’s pregnant sister Arya. This

subsequently leads to the death of Arya and her unborn child due to the negligence of

Dr. Snow, who was so tired after a shift that he fell asleep in the intensive care unit.

The above circumstance indicates the initiation of the accused. affect is an emotional

state of a person who: (a) does not suffer from a mental illness or a defect reaching

the level that is established by the Penal Code, and (b) is subjected to extremely

unusual and severe stress; and (c) has an extreme emotional reaction to it that results

in a loss of self-control, and the mind is obscured by strong feelings such as passion,

anger, distress, grief, over-excitement, or other similar emotions2.

In the second situation solder Tyrion contested with his father stuntman in retire and

was the first who load the rifle. In order to give a fright to his father, David, Tyrion

took him to aim and accidentally wounded his father by firing a bullet during a

sneeze. During the trial, first of all, it must be mentioned that David was still alive

during the next two weeks, which means that his only fault is unintentional Non-Fatal

Offenses. Therefore as it was adverted in the case McCullough v R the injury inflicted

is not the only factor in determining the seriousness of an offense, the severity of the

crime will also largely depend on the severity of the injury, the nature of the attack,

and the surrounding circumstances3. Secondly, exactly negligence of the doctor Malik

leads to the serious psychological problems which caused David at the sight of a

walking doctor, to jump out of the window of his room and fall under the wheels of

truck where dead instantly.

The last case describes gross negligence manslaughter. That night Michael, who is

working in the pub as a bartender, forgets to turn off the gas grill because of which

2
[1976] NYS 2d 708
3
[2009] 194 A Crim R 439

2
Anna poisoned by carbon monoxide. Anna came to the pub to find barmaid Katharine

as well as she knew from her husband that he was cheating on her with Catherine.

Hearing this Anna hit her husband with an ax five times and went to the pub.

Unfortunately, instead of Catherine there was working Kate. In a fit of anger, Anna

killed her and hitting herself head on a metal object, fainted right in the building. The

court of Appeal from R v Misra case said “If you are not sure that [X] would have

survived at all, either however well he had been treated or - because he might not

have received appropriate treatment, then the prosecution has failed to prove its case

on this aspect and that is the end of the matter. You must find both defendants not

guilty4.” According to this Michael can not be accused of gross negligence

manslaughter in a view of the fact that Catherine before being discovered, either

would have died or was in a dying state.

All three cases describe manslaughter but at the same time, they are not similar to

each other. The first case was about the murder in a state of passion which means that

killer was unable to control himself and was under the control of strong emotions like

passion, anger, or distress. Unintentional Non-Fatal Offenses were illustrated in the

second case. This offense is used by the defendant if he or she takes the form of an

attack directed at another person, which does result to the injury but not death. The

last one narrates the situation when the defendant harm to someone due to a frivolous

attitude to oneself duties which is named as frivolous attitude to their duties.

Reference list.

Primary sources.

Legislations
4
[2004] EWCA Crim 2375

3
Sentencing Act 2020, sch 21

Cases

McCullough v R [2009] 194 A Crim R 439 at [37]

People v Shelton [1830] Supreme Court of Judicature, 708 NYS

R v Misra [2004] EWCA Crim 2375