Disaster Profile of India

India is prone to a variety of natural and man-made disasters due to its

geographical location and socio-economic conditions. Here are some of the
disaster profiles of India:

1. Floods: Floods are a common disaster in India, particularly during the monsoon
season. Rivers such as the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Yamuna frequently overflow
their banks, leading to flooding in many parts of the country.
2. Cyclones: India's eastern and southern coasts are frequently hit by cyclones,
particularly during the months of October to December. These cyclones can cause
extensive damage to property and infrastructure.
3. Earthquakes: India is located in a seismic zone and is prone to earthquakes. Some
of the most devastating earthquakes in India have occurred in the Himalayan
region and the northeastern states.
4. Landslides: The hilly terrain of India is prone to landslides, particularly during the
monsoon season. These landslides can cause loss of life and property damage.
5. Droughts: India is also prone to droughts, particularly in the western and southern
parts of the country. Droughts can lead to crop failures, water scarcity, and
economic hardship.
6. Industrial Accidents: India has seen several major industrial accidents, such as the
Bhopal gas tragedy and the Visakhapatnam gas leak, which have led to loss of life
and long-term environmental damage.
7. Terrorism: India has been a victim of terrorism for many years, particularly in the
form of bomb blasts and attacks on civilians.

Overall, India faces a complex and varied set of disaster risks, and disaster
management and preparedness are crucial to reducing the impact of these disasters
on the country and its people.

Mega Disasters of India and Lessons Learnt

India has experienced several mega-disasters in the past, including natural disasters
like earthquakes, floods, and cyclones, as well as man-made disasters like
industrial accidents and terrorist attacks. Here are some of the lessons learned from
these disasters:

1. 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami: The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was one of the
deadliest natural disasters in India's history. The disaster highlighted the need for
 an early warning system and better disaster preparedness. As a result, India
established the Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System, which monitors seismic
activity and issues warnings in the event of a potential tsunami.
2. 2001 Gujarat Earthquake: The 2001 Gujarat earthquake was one of the most
devastating earthquakes in India's history. The disaster highlighted the need for
better building codes and construction practices to ensure that buildings are
earthquake-resistant. As a result, the Bureau of Indian Standards has developed
new guidelines for earthquake-resistant construction, and several states have
implemented stricter building codes.
3. 2013 Uttarakhand Floods: The 2013 Uttarakhand floods were a result of heavy
rainfall, landslides, and the failure of several dams. The disaster highlighted the
need for better disaster management and preparedness, including the development
of early warning systems, emergency response plans, and better infrastructure to
mitigate the impact of floods.
4. 1984 Bhopal Gas Tragedy: The Bhopal gas tragedy was one of the worst industrial
accidents in history, resulting in thousands of deaths and long-term health
problems for survivors. The disaster highlighted the need for better safety
regulations and oversight of industrial facilities. As a result, India has implemented
stricter safety regulations and established the National Disaster Management
Authority to oversee disaster management and preparedness.
5. 2008 Mumbai Terrorist Attacks: The 2008 Mumbai terrorist attacks highlighted the
need for better security measures and preparedness for terrorist attacks. As a result,
India has strengthened its security measures, including the establishment of the
National Investigation Agency and the creation of specialized units to respond to
terrorist threats.

Overall, these mega-disasters have highlighted the importance of disaster

management and preparedness, as well as the need for better infrastructure, safety
regulations, and early warning systems to mitigate the impact of disasters on India
and its people.

Disaster Management Act 2005

The Disaster Management Act of 2005 is a comprehensive legal framework that

provides for the management of disasters in India. The Act was enacted by the
Indian Parliament in December 2005 and came into force in January 2006. The
main objectives of the Act are to:
1. Establish a legal framework for disaster management in India.
2. Provide for the institutional mechanisms for disaster management at the national,
state, and district levels.
3. Provide for the formulation of national policies, plans, and guidelines for disaster
management.
4. Provide for the establishment of a National Disaster Management Authority
(NDMA) and State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs) to manage
disasters.
5. Provide for the creation of a National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) for disaster
response and relief.
6. Provide for the creation of a National Fund for Disaster Management to support
relief, rehabilitation, and reconstruction efforts.
7. Ensure that disaster management plans are integrated into the overall development
plans of the country.

The Act provides a legal framework for disaster management in India and lays
down the roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders in disaster management.
It provides for the establishment of a National Disaster Management Authority
(NDMA), State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs), and District Disaster
Management Authorities (DDMAs) to manage disasters.

Under the Act, the NDMA is responsible for laying down the policies, plans, and
guidelines for disaster management in the country. The SDMAs and DDMAs are
responsible for the implementation of these policies, plans, and guidelines at the
state and district levels, respectively.

The Act also provides for the establishment of a National Disaster Response Force
(NDRF) for disaster response and relief. The NDRF is a specialized force trained
to respond to disasters such as earthquakes, floods, cyclones, and terrorist attacks.

In conclusion, the Disaster Management Act of 2005 is a comprehensive legal

framework that provides for the management of disasters in India. The Act lays
down the roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders in disaster management
and provides for the establishment of institutional mechanisms for disaster
management at the national, state, and district levels.
 Institutional and Financial Mechanism

India has a well-established institutional and financial mechanism for disaster

management, which includes the following:

1. National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA): The NDMA is responsible for

laying down policies, plans, and guidelines for disaster management in the country.
It also provides technical assistance to the State Disaster Management Authorities
(SDMAs) and ensures the coordination of response efforts during a disaster.
2. State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs): The SDMAs are responsible for
the management of disasters at the state level. They prepare State Disaster
Management Plans, coordinate response efforts during a disaster, and implement
disaster risk reduction measures.
3. District Disaster Management Authorities (DDMAs): The DDMAs are responsible
for the management of disasters at the district level. They prepare District Disaster
Management Plans, coordinate response efforts during a disaster, and implement
disaster risk reduction measures.
4. National Disaster Response Force (NDRF): The NDRF is a specialized force
trained to respond to disasters such as earthquakes, floods, cyclones, and terrorist
attacks. It is deployed for search and rescue operations, evacuation of people, and
providing relief and medical assistance during a disaster.
5. Disaster Relief Fund (DRF): The DRF is a fund created by the Central and State
governments to provide immediate relief to those affected by a disaster. The fund
is used for providing shelter, food, and medical assistance to those affected.
6. National Disaster Mitigation Fund (NDMF): The NDMF is a fund created by the
Central government to support disaster risk reduction and mitigation measures. The
fund is used for implementing disaster risk reduction measures, strengthening the
capacity of institutions involved in disaster management, and promoting research
and development in the field of disaster management.
7. Insurance: The insurance sector in India also plays an important role in disaster
management. Insurance companies offer a range of products such as home
insurance, crop insurance, and livestock insurance, which help individuals and
communities to recover from the financial impact of disasters.

Overall, India has a well-established institutional and financial mechanism for

disaster management, which involves the coordinated efforts of various
stakeholders at the national, state, and district levels. This mechanism has played a
significant role in mitigating the impact of disasters and facilitating the recovery
and rehabilitation of affected communities.
 National Policy on Disaster Management

The National Policy on Disaster Management in India was formulated in 2009,

with the aim of ensuring timely and effective response to disasters while
minimizing their impact on society and the economy. The policy provides a
framework for disaster management in India and outlines the roles and
responsibilities of different stakeholders, including government agencies, NGOs,
and the private sector.

The policy emphasizes the need for a proactive approach to disaster management,
focusing on prevention, mitigation, and preparedness, as well as response and
recovery. It also recognizes the importance of community participation in disaster
management, and highlights the need for capacity building at all levels.

Key elements of the policy include:

1. A comprehensive and integrated approach to disaster management that addresses

all phases of the disaster cycle.
2. Emphasis on prevention and mitigation measures to reduce the impact of disasters.
3. Strengthening of institutional and regulatory frameworks for disaster management.
4. Developing effective early warning systems and response mechanisms.
5. Encouraging research and development of new technologies for disaster
management.
6. Promoting public awareness and community participation in disaster management.
7. Establishing a national disaster response fund for prompt and effective response to
disasters.
8. Developing a comprehensive plan for disaster risk reduction and management.

The National Policy on Disaster Management provides a broad framework for

disaster management in India and has been instrumental in improving the country's
disaster preparedness and response capabilities. It has also paved the way for the
establishment of various disaster management agencies and institutions at the
national, state, and district levels.

National Guidelines and Plans on Disaster Management

In India, the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) has developed

several guidelines and plans for disaster management. These guidelines and plans
provide a framework for disaster management at the national, state, and district
 levels, and are aimed at ensuring timely and effective response to disasters while
minimizing their impact on society and the economy.

Some of the key guidelines and plans on disaster management in India include:

1. National Disaster Management Guidelines: The National Disaster Management

Guidelines provide a comprehensive framework for disaster management in India.
They cover all phases of the disaster cycle, from prevention and preparedness to
response and recovery.
2. National Disaster Response Plan: The National Disaster Response Plan outlines the
roles and responsibilities of different stakeholders, including government agencies,
NGOs, and the private sector, in responding to disasters.
3. National Disaster Management Plan: The National Disaster Management Plan
provides a comprehensive framework for disaster management in India. It includes
guidelines for various types of disasters, including natural disasters, man-made
disasters, and nuclear and radiological emergencies.
4. State Disaster Management Plans: The State Disaster Management Plans provide a
framework for disaster management at the state level. They are developed by the
State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs) in consultation with the NDMA.
5. District Disaster Management Plans: The District Disaster Management Plans
provide a framework for disaster management at the district level. They are
developed by the District Disaster Management Authorities (DDMAs) in
consultation with the SDMAs.

These guidelines and plans have been instrumental in improving the disaster
preparedness and response capabilities of the country. They have also helped in
building the capacity of different stakeholders, including government agencies,
NGOs, and the private sector, in disaster management.
 Role of Government (local, state and national)

Disaster management is a shared responsibility in India and involves the

participation of all levels of government - local, state, and national. Each level of
government has a specific role to play in disaster management, as outlined below:

1. Local Government: At the local level, disaster management is primarily the

responsibility of local government bodies, such as urban local bodies and gram
panchayats. Their role includes the following:
 Identifying and assessing local risks and vulnerabilities
 Developing disaster management plans and contingency plans at the local level
 Coordinating and mobilizing local resources for disaster management
 Conducting public awareness campaigns and community-based disaster risk
reduction activities
 Providing immediate relief and assistance to affected communities
 Reporting disasters to higher authorities and coordinating with them for response
and recovery activities
2. State Government: At the state level, disaster management is the responsibility of
the State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA). The role of the state
government includes the following:
 Developing state-level disaster management plans and policies
 Providing technical and financial support to local government bodies for disaster
management activities
 Ensuring preparedness, response, and recovery activities at the state level
 Coordinating with national authorities and other states for disaster management
 Conducting training and capacity building programs for disaster management
personnel at the state and district levels
 Maintaining a State Disaster Response Fund for prompt and effective response to
disasters
3. National Government: At the national level, disaster management is the
responsibility of the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA). The role
of the national government includes the following:
 Developing national-level policies and guidelines for disaster management
 Coordinating disaster management activities across different states and agencies
 Providing technical and financial support to state and local authorities for disaster
management activities
 Undertaking research and development activities for disaster management
 Maintaining a National Disaster Response Fund for prompt and effective response
to disasters
 Coordinating with international agencies and organizations for disaster
management

Overall, disaster management in India is a collaborative effort involving all levels

of government, as well as the private sector, NGOs, and local communities. The
roles and responsibilities of each stakeholder are well-defined, and efforts are
made to ensure effective coordination and communication between different
stakeholders for a timely and effective response to disasters.

Non-Government and Inter Governmental Agencies

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and inter-governmental agencies also

play a crucial role in disaster management in India. Their roles are as follows:

1. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs): NGOs play a critical role in providing

humanitarian assistance during disasters. They have a grassroots presence and are
often the first to respond to disasters, providing essential services such as food,
shelter, and medical aid. NGOs also play a crucial role in disaster risk reduction by
conducting community-based disaster preparedness programs and advocating for
the inclusion of disaster risk reduction in development policies and plans.
2. Inter-Governmental Organizations (IGOs): Inter-governmental organizations such
as the United Nations, World Health Organization (WHO), and International
Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) provide technical and
financial assistance to the national government, state governments, and NGOs for
disaster management activities. These organizations also play a key role in
providing expertise, training, and support for disaster risk reduction and
management.
3. Private Sector: The private sector also has a role to play in disaster management.
Private sector organizations can provide financial resources, technical expertise,
and logistical support to government agencies and NGOs during disasters. They
can also contribute to disaster risk reduction by implementing measures to
safeguard their business operations, supply chains, and workforce from the impact
of disasters.

Overall, the involvement of non-governmental and inter-governmental agencies in

disaster management in India is essential for a coordinated and effective response
to disasters. Their expertise, resources, and grassroots presence are critical in
 addressing the immediate needs of affected communities and building resilience
for the future.

Geo informatics in Disaster Management (RS, GIS, GPS and RS)

Geoinformatics is an important tool for disaster management, particularly in the

context of remote sensing (RS), geographic information systems (GIS), and global
positioning systems (GPS). These technologies can provide timely and accurate
data on the extent and impact of disasters, helping decision-makers to plan and
implement effective response and recovery measures.

1. Remote Sensing (RS): RS refers to the use of satellite and airborne sensors to
collect data on the Earth's surface. This technology can provide high-resolution
images of disaster-affected areas, allowing for quick and accurate damage
assessment. RS can also be used to monitor environmental changes such as land
use, forest cover, and water resources, which can contribute to early warning
systems for natural disasters.
2. Geographic Information Systems (GIS): GIS refers to the use of computer-based
tools for managing, analyzing, and visualizing geographic data. GIS can be used to
create maps and databases of disaster-affected areas, providing a visual
representation of the extent and impact of disasters. This information can be used
for emergency response planning, resource allocation, and coordination of relief
efforts.
3. Global Positioning Systems (GPS): GPS refers to a satellite-based navigation
system that provides precise location information. GPS can be used to track the
movement of disaster response teams and resources, helping to ensure that aid is
delivered to the right location at the right time. GPS can also be used to create
maps and models of disaster-affected areas, providing valuable information for
relief efforts.

Overall, the use of geoinformatics in disaster management can improve the

accuracy and speed of decision-making, helping to save lives and minimize the
impact of disasters. By providing real-time data on disaster-affected areas, these
technologies can help to coordinate emergency response efforts and support the
long-term recovery and rehabilitation of affected communities.
 Disaster Communication System (Early Warning and Its Dissemination)
Disaster communication systems are an essential component of disaster
management, particularly in the context of early warning and dissemination of
information. These systems aim to provide timely and accurate information to
decision-makers, emergency responders, and the public, helping to save lives and
minimize the impact of disasters.

Here are the key components of a disaster communication system:

1. Early Warning System (EWS): An EWS is a system designed to detect and alert
people to potential disasters before they occur. EWS can be designed to detect
natural hazards such as earthquakes, floods, and hurricanes, as well as man-made
hazards such as industrial accidents and terrorist attacks. The EWS typically
comprises sensors, monitoring systems, and communication networks that can
rapidly detect, verify and disseminate warnings.
2. Dissemination of Information: Once a disaster has been detected and verified, the
information needs to be disseminated quickly and effectively to the public,
decision-makers, and emergency responders. The information should be clear,
concise, and accurate, and should include details such as the type of disaster, the
severity, the affected areas, and any actions that people should take to stay safe.
Communication channels can include social media, television and radio broadcasts,
text messages, and sirens.
3. Communication Networks: Communication networks are the backbone of a
disaster communication system. These networks should be robust and reliable,
with multiple backup systems to ensure that warnings and information can be
disseminated even in the event of network failures. Communication networks can
include satellite phones, radio systems, and other wireless communication
technologies.
4. Community Participation: Community participation is essential for the success of a
disaster communication system. Communities should be involved in the design and
implementation of the system, and should be trained to respond to warnings and
take appropriate action. Community participation also helps to build trust and
confidence in the system, ensuring that people take warnings seriously and respond
appropriately.

Overall, an effective disaster communication system requires a coordinated

approach, involving multiple stakeholders, clear communication channels, and a
robust infrastructure. By providing timely and accurate information, these systems
can help to save lives and minimize the impact of disasters.
 Land Use Planning and Development Regulations

Land use planning and development regulations are critical tools for disaster
management, as they can help to reduce the impact of disasters on communities
and infrastructure. These regulations are designed to guide the use of land, control
the development of buildings and infrastructure, and ensure that communities are
prepared for potential hazards.

Here are some key components of land use planning and development regulations
for disaster management:

1. Hazard Mapping: Hazard mapping involves identifying the areas that are
vulnerable to natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, landslides, and
cyclones. By mapping these hazards, authorities can identify areas that should be
avoided for development or where specific building codes and guidelines need to
be followed to mitigate risks.
2. Zoning: Zoning regulations are designed to control the use of land and
development of buildings in different areas. For example, areas near riverbanks can
be designated as no-build zones to prevent flooding, and areas prone to landslides
can be designated for low-density development. Zoning regulations can also be
used to ensure that critical infrastructure such as hospitals and schools are located
in safe areas.
3. Building Codes: Building codes are regulations that specify the minimum
standards for the design, construction, and maintenance of buildings. These codes
can include requirements for earthquake-resistant construction, fire-resistant
materials, and the use of flood-resistant materials and designs. Building codes help
to ensure that buildings are safe and can withstand potential hazards.
4. Emergency Response Plans: Land use planning and development regulations can
also include emergency response plans that outline the procedures for responding
to disasters. These plans can include evacuation procedures, emergency shelter
locations, and communication systems that can be activated during an emergency.

Overall, land use planning and development regulations are important tools for
disaster management, as they can help to reduce the risk of disasters and ensure
that communities are prepared to respond to potential hazards. By guiding the use
of land and regulating development, these regulations can help to protect lives and
infrastructure and ensure a safe and resilient future.
 Disaster Safe Designs and Constructions
Disaster safe designs and constructions are critical to reducing the impact of
natural disasters on buildings and infrastructure. Here are some key elements of
disaster safe designs and constructions:

1. Hazard Assessment: The first step in designing a disaster-safe building or

infrastructure is to assess the potential hazards in the area. This assessment should
consider the likelihood and severity of various types of disasters, such as
earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, and wildfires.
2. Structural Design: The structural design of buildings and infrastructure should be
based on the hazards identified in the hazard assessment. For example, buildings in
earthquake-prone areas should be designed to withstand ground shaking, while
buildings in flood-prone areas should be designed to resist water damage.
3. Materials Selection: The materials used in the construction of buildings and
infrastructure should be selected to resist the hazards identified in the hazard
assessment. For example, buildings in hurricane-prone areas should be constructed
with wind-resistant materials, while buildings in fire-prone areas should be
constructed with fire-resistant materials.
4. Elevation: Buildings and infrastructure located in flood-prone areas should be
designed to be elevated above flood levels. In some cases, buildings may be
constructed on stilts or piers to raise them above potential floodwaters.
5. Landscaping: Landscaping can also play a role in disaster-safe designs and
constructions. For example, planting trees and shrubs around buildings can provide
protection from wind and water damage, while clearing vegetation in fire-prone
areas can reduce the risk of wildfires.
6. Maintenance: Regular maintenance of buildings and infrastructure is also critical to
ensuring their safety during disasters. Maintenance can include checking for
damage, repairing any damage found, and replacing worn or damaged materials.

Overall, disaster safe designs and constructions require a comprehensive approach

that considers the hazards in the area, the structural design and materials used, the
elevation of buildings and infrastructure, and regular maintenance. By
incorporating these elements into designs and constructions, buildings and
infrastructure can be made more resilient to disasters and better able to protect
lives and property.
 Structural and Non Structural Mitigation of Disasters

Structural and non-structural mitigation are two approaches to reducing the impact
of natural disasters.

1. Structural Mitigation: Structural mitigation refers to physical measures that are

designed to reduce the impact of natural disasters on buildings and infrastructure.
Some examples of structural mitigation measures include:
 Building codes and standards that require earthquake-resistant, wind-resistant, or
flood-resistant designs and materials
 Retrofitting of existing buildings to make them more resistant to earthquakes or
other natural disasters
 Construction of protective structures such as seawalls or flood barriers
 Designing drainage systems and channels to reduce the impact of floods
 Strengthening of critical infrastructure such as bridges, power lines, and water
supply systems to withstand natural disasters
2. Non-Structural Mitigation: Non-structural mitigation refers to measures that are
not physical in nature, but instead focus on policies, education, and awareness-
raising. Some examples of non-structural mitigation measures include:
 Hazard mapping and risk assessment to identify areas at risk of natural disasters
 Public education campaigns to raise awareness of natural disasters and how to
prepare for them
 Early warning systems and evacuation plans to help people move to safe areas
before a disaster strikes
 Strengthening of emergency response and recovery systems to ensure a rapid and
effective response to disasters
 Preservation of natural ecosystems, such as wetlands, that can help reduce the
impact of floods and storms

Overall, a combination of structural and non-structural mitigation measures is

necessary to effectively reduce the impact of natural disasters. By implementing
these measures, communities can become more resilient and better able to protect
lives and property.
 S & T Institutions for Disaster Management in India

Science and technology have played an important role in improving disaster

management in India. Here are some examples of how science and technology are
being used for disaster management in India:

1. Early Warning Systems: India has implemented several early warning systems to
detect and alert people of natural disasters such as earthquakes, cyclones, and
floods. These early warning systems use technology such as satellite imagery,
seismic sensors, and weather forecasting models to detect and predict disasters.
2. Geographic Information System (GIS): GIS is being used extensively in disaster
management in India to map and analyze hazard-prone areas, to develop
evacuation plans, and to provide real-time information to first responders during
disasters.
3. Remote Sensing: Remote sensing technology, including aerial photography and
satellite imagery, is being used for damage assessment and to identify areas that
are affected by disasters. This information is used to prioritize rescue and relief
efforts.
4. Social Media: Social media platforms are being used in India to disseminate real-
time information during disasters. Platforms such as Twitter and Facebook are
being used by government agencies to share emergency alerts, evacuation notices,
and other important information.
5. Drones: Drones are being used for damage assessment and to provide real-time
information to first responders during disasters. They can also be used for search
and rescue operations in hard-to-reach areas.
6. Mobile Applications: Mobile applications are being developed to provide real-time
information to people during disasters. These applications provide information on
emergency contacts, evacuation routes, and shelters.

Overall, the use of science and technology in disaster management has improved
India's ability to predict, prepare for, and respond to disasters. By leveraging these
technologies, India is better equipped to mitigate the impact of disasters and to
protect lives and property.

The National Disaster Management Institute (NDMI) in India is an apex training institute for
disaster management. It was established in 1995 as the National Centre for Disaster Management
(NCDM) and was later renamed the National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM) in 2003.
 The NIDM is located in New Delhi and is responsible for providing training, research, and
capacity building in disaster management. Its primary objective is to promote an effective and
efficient disaster management system in the country.

The institute conducts various training programs, workshops, and seminars for government
officials, civil society organizations, and other stakeholders involved in disaster management.
These programs are designed to build the capacity of individuals and organizations to manage
disasters effectively. The NIDM also provides technical assistance to state governments in
disaster management planning and response.

In addition to training and capacity building, the NIDM conducts research on various aspects of
disaster management. The institute has published several research papers, reports, and books on
disaster management in India.

Overall, the NIDM plays a critical role in disaster management in India by building the capacity
of individuals and organizations and providing technical assistance to state governments. Its
efforts contribute to the development of a comprehensive and effective disaster management
system in the country.

India has implemented several satellite-based technologies and mobile applications for disaster
management. Here are some examples:

1. Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) Satellites: The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
operates a fleet of IRS satellites that are used for disaster management. These satellites provide
high-resolution satellite imagery, which is used for damage assessment, hazard mapping, and
relief operations during disasters.
2. National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC): The NRSC, a part of ISRO, develops and operates
several mobile applications for disaster management. Some of these applications include
Bhuvan, a geoportal that provides information on disaster-prone areas and critical infrastructure,
and M3, a mobile application that provides real-time information on floods.
3. Sahyog: Sahyog is a mobile application developed by the National Disaster Management
Authority (NDMA) that provides a platform for citizens to report disaster-related incidents. The
application allows users to send pictures and videos of disaster incidents to the authorities, which
helps in quick response and relief operations.
4. Disha: Disha is a mobile application developed by the Andhra Pradesh State Disaster
Management Authority (APSDMA) that provides real-time information on disaster alerts,
evacuation routes, and shelters. The application also allows users to report incidents and track
relief operations.
5. National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project (NCRMP): The NCRMP, a project funded by the
World Bank, uses satellite-based technologies to identify and map coastal areas that are prone to
cyclones. The project also provides early warning systems and capacity building for disaster
management in these areas.

Overall, the use of satellite-based technologies and mobile applications has improved India's
ability to predict, prepare for, and respond to disasters. By leveraging these technologies, India is
better equipped to mitigate the impact of disasters and to protect lives and property.