HUMAN ORGANISM

ANPH111 –
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY

ANPH111 Anatomy and physiology:  Focuses on the

Cellular Physiology processes among
Discussion to Human Organism cells and
intracellular
communication
OUR LADY OF FATIMA and behavior
UNIVERSITY
Study Guide, Definitions & Notes  Study the function
of a specific organ
Systemic Physiology

1.1 Anatomy & Physiology 1.2 Structural & Functional Organization of

the body
 Anatomy
 Study the structure of the body  Chemical Level
 Means to dissect or cut apart
 Involves how atoms interact and combined
into molecules; such as hydrogen and carbon
TABLE 1
 Collagen Molecules
 Study of the body by system 
Systemic Nervous system
Anatomy  Skeletal system Note:
 Muscular system Collagen molecules are strong, ropelike fibers that give
skin structural strength and flexibility
 Study of the organization of the body
Regional by areas
Anatomy  Head
 Arm  Cell Level
 Head  Cells are the basic structural and
functional units of organisms
 Study of external features such as  Molecules combined to form
Surface bony projections organelles
Anatomy  Bones  Adenosine
 Joints
Triphosphate(ATP)
 Tissue Level
 Use to create image of internal  Group of similar cells and the
Anatomical structure
materials surrounding them
Imaging  X-rays
 Ultrasound
 Magnetic Imaging TABLE 3
Resonance (MRI) TISSUE DESCRIPTION

 Form the covering of all body

 Physiology
Epithelial Tissue surfaces, line body cavities and
 Study thy functions of the body hollow organs
 Deals with the processes or  Major tissue in the glands
functions of living things
 Supports, protects, and gives
MAJOR GOALS Connective Tissue structure to other tissues and
1. To understand and predicts the body’s organs in the body
responses to stimuli  made up of cells, fibers
2. To understand how the body maintains
internal condition within a narrow range in the  Composed of cells that have an
presence of continually changing internal and Muscle Tissue ability to shorten or contract in
external environments order to produce movement of
the body
TABLE 2
 Responsible for coordinating and
 Study of specific
Nerve Tissue controlling the main activities of
Human Physiology human organism
the body

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 Found in the brain, spinal cords,

and nerves

 Organ Level
 Organs are composed of two or
more tissue types that together
perform one or more common
functions
 Heart, Lungs, Brain
 Organ System Level
 Organ System is a group of organs
classified as a unit
 It has common set of functions  Organism Level
 Integumentary system  Organism is any living thing
 Lymphatic system considered as a whole
 Human, plants, animals
 Reproductive system
 Nervous system
1.3 Characteristic of life
 Cardiovascular System
TABLE 4
FIGURE 1
1.4 Homeostasis

 Homeostasis
 Homeo – the same, stasis – to stop
 Existence and maintenance of a
 Refers to the specific
relationship of the many relatively constant environment or
Organization
individual parts of an organism the internal environment
 Homeostatic Mechanism
 Ability to use energy to perform  Normally maintain body
Metabolism vital functions temperature near an average normal
 Growth, movement, & value, or set point
reproduction  Sweating, Shivering
 Plants
(photosynthesis) FIGURE 2

 Ability to sense changes in the

Responsiveness environment and make the
adjustments that help maintain
its life
 Movement towards
food or water
 Movements away
from danger or poor
environment such as
cold or heat
 Negative Feedback
 Refers to an increase size of all  Means to decrease
Growth or part of the organism  When any deviation from set point is
 Bones grow when the made smaller or resisted
number of bone cells  Does not prevent variation but
increases
maintains variation within normal
range
 Includes the changes an
 Regulating Blood Sugar
Development organism undergoes through
time  Temperature Regulating
 Human development
begins when the egg TABLE 5
is fertilized by the
sperm and end with
death
VJPV 2 Differentiation is change in cell

structure and function

Reproduction  Formation of new cells or new

organism
 HUMAN ORGANISM
ANPH111 –
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY

 Monitors the value variable by  Determines the set point for the
Receptor monitoring stimulus Control variable
 Body temperature Center  Receives input form the receptor
about the variable

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 HUMAN ORGANISM
ANPH111 –
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY

 Can change the value of variable  Occurs when initial stimulus further
Effector when directed by the control stimulates the response
center  Required to re-achieve homeostasis
 Changed variable is stimulus  On set contractions at
 Sweat glands birth
 Blood Clot

 Positive Feedback
 Means to increase
FIGURE 3 FIGURE 4

1.5 Terminologies & Body Plan

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ANPH111 –
 Anatomical
OUR LADY PlaneOF FATIMA UNIVERSITY
 Refers to a person standing upright
with the face and palm facing TABLE 8
forward ORGAN SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Integumentary Provides protection, Regulates
temp, prevents water loss and
TABLE 6
Supine Lying face upward helps produce vit. D
Skeletal Provides protection and
Prone Lying Face downward  D
support, allows body
i movements, produce blood r
ectional Terms cells, and stores minerals
 Describes the parts of the body relative to Muscular Provides movement,
each other maintains posture and
produces body heat
Nervous Major regulatory system that
detects sensation and controls 7
TABLE
Superior Used for above or up movements, physiological
processes, and intellectual
function
Inferior Used for below or down
Endocrine Major regulatory system that
influences metabolism,
Anterior Used for front growth, and reproduction
cardiovascular Transport nutrients, waste
Posterior Used for back products, gases, and hormones

Ventral Means belly Lymphatic Removes foreign substances

Same with anterior from the blood and lymph,
combats disease, maintains
body tissue fluid balance
Dorsal Means back
Respiratory Exchange oxygen and carbon
Same with posterior
dioxide between the blood
and air and regulate blood pH
Proximal Means nearest
Digestive Performs mechanical and
chemical process of digestion,
Distal Means distant absorption of nutrients and
elimination of wastes
Medial Means toward the midline Urinary Removes waste products from
the blood and regulate blood
Lateral Means away from the midline pH
Female Produce oocytes and is the site
reproductive of fertilization of fetal
Superficial Means close to the structure
development
Male Produces and transfers sperm
Deep Means toward to the interior
reproductive cells to the female
of the body

FIGURE 4

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 HUMAN ORGANISM
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FIGURE 5

TABLE 9
BODY CAVITIES DESCRIPTION
FIGURE 6: Subdivision of the Abdomen
Thoracic Cavity  Surrounded by the rib
cage and is separated
from the abdominal
cavity by muscular
diaphragm
Mediastinum  Section that houses the
heart, thymus,
trachea,espohagus
 Divided into right and left
parts
Abdominal Cavity  Bounded primarily by the
abdominal muscles
 Contains stomach,
intestines, liver, spleen,
pancreas and kidney
Pelvic Cavity  Small space enclose by
FIGURE 7: Planes and Sections the bones of the pelvis
 Contains urinary bladder,
part of large intestine,
and internal reproductive
organs
Abdominopelvic Cavity  Abdominal and pelvic
cavities

FIGURE 8

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ANPH111 –
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 Serous Membrane FIGURE 11

 Line the trunk cavities and cover the organs
of this cavities
TABLE
Part thas contact with the 10
Visceral Serous Membrane organ

Outer part
Parietal Serous Membrane

FIGURE 9

FIGURE 10

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