CIIT - Module I

Amity Institute of Travel &Tourism (AITT)
Amity Institute of Travel & Tourism

BA (TA), 3rd Semester
Contemporary Issues for International Tourism
Module - I
Pramendra Singh
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Syllabus
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Topics to be covered in this Module
• Introduction to International Tourism

• The Scope and Challenges of International Tourism
Business
• The Dynamic Environment of International Tourism –
Forces (Trade Barriers), Challenges Ahead
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4
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Introduction about the course
• Changing demographics, volatile political - economic

situations and shifting travel patterns in present situation
have significant impact on travel and tourism industry.
• Tourism industry has witnessed little progress post COVID

scenario in terms of quantity, revenue, product
diversification etc.
• At the same time industry is facing several challenges.

6
Introduction to Tourism
UNWTO has divided tourism basically into three forms:

• Domestic Tourism
• Inbound Tourism
• Outbound Tourism
These forms can further be combined to derive various other

forms like:
• Internal Tourism
• National Tourism
• International Tourism 7
Introduction to International Tourism
Definition given by UNWTO –
“International tourism, which comprises inbound tourism and

outbound tourism, that is, the activities of resident visitors outside
the country of reference, either as part of domestic or outbound
tourism trips and the activities of non-resident visitors within the
country of reference on inbound tourism trips.”
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International Tourism
As per UNWTO –
• An ever-increasing number of destinations worldwide have opened up

to, and invested in tourism, turning it into a key driver of socio-
economic progress through the creation of jobs and enterprises, export
revenues, and infrastructure development.
• Over the past six decades, tourism has experienced continued

expansion and diversification to become one of the largest and fastest-
growing economic sectors in the world. Many new destinations have
emerged in addition to the traditional favourites of Europe and North
America. 9
International Tourism
• Tourism is a major category of international trade in services.
• As a worldwide export category, tourism ranks third after

chemicals and fuels.
• Tourism is growing across the world so increasing the prospect

of tourism businesses.
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0
Dynamic Environment of International Tourism and

tourism businesses
Different models are used to describe the tourism environment like –
PEST model – representing Political, Economical, Social and

Technological environments or factors.
• Political factors – Employment law, Environmental law, Foreign
Trade Agreements, Security policies etc.
• Economical factors – Monetary and Fiscal policy, inflation and
exchange rates etc.
• Socio-Cultural factors – Age group, family structure, education level,
income distribution etc.
• Technological factors – Internet expansion, CRS, production
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technology etc.
Leiper’s Model of Tourism System

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Trade Barriers in Tourism
Internal Barriers :-
• Ineffective Organizational Administration and Management

• Marketing Related Problems
• Financial Constraints
• Facilities Needed and Provided
• Unqualified Human Resources
• Lack of other Resources
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Trade Barriers in Tourism
External Barriers :-
• Competition
• Inflation and Currency Fluctuations
• Change in Consumer Behaviour
• Government Policies
• Relations of Countries
• Socio-Cultural Barriers
• Psychological / Perceptual Barriers
• Political Barriers
• Technological Barriers
• Infrastructure Barriers
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5
Challenges to International Tourism

• Seasonal Dependence
• Currency Fluctuations
• Taxation
• Lack of Infrastructure
• Safety and Security Issues
• Regulatory / legal Issues
• Terrorism
• International relations
• Health hazards
• Environmental issues
1
• Lack of Trained Human Resources 6

International Tourism Scenario
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International Tourism Business – Scope &

Challenges
Tourism industry is a combination of different industries providing different
products and services to the visitors like:
• Transport industry (Airline, Car rental, water transport, Coach services etc.)
• Accommodation industry (Hotels, Hostels, Camping, B&B etc.)
• Food & beverage industry (Restaurants, Bars & Café etc.)
• Entertainment industry (Casino, theme parks etc.)
• Souvenir shops
• OTAs
• Others 21
Cont..
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Amity Institute of Travel &Tourism (AITT)

Amity Institute of Travel & Tourism

Topics to be covered in this Module

• Introduction to International Tourism

Introduction about the course

• Changing demographics, volatile political - economic

• Tourism industry has witnessed little progress post COVID

• At the same time industry is facing several challenges.

UNWTO has divided tourism basically into three forms:

These forms can further be combined to derive various other

Introduction to International Tourism

Definition given by UNWTO –

“International tourism, which comprises inbound tourism and

• An ever-increasing number of destinations worldwide have opened up

• Over the past six decades, tourism has experienced continued

• Tourism is a major category of international trade in services.

• As a worldwide export category, tourism ranks third after

• Tourism is growing across the world so increasing the prospect

Dynamic Environment of International Tourism and

PEST model – representing Political, Economical, Social and

Leiper’s Model of Tourism System

Trade Barriers in Tourism

• Ineffective Organizational Administration and Management

Trade Barriers in Tourism

Challenges to International Tourism

• Lack of Trained Human Resources 6

International Tourism Scenario

International Tourism Business – Scope &

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